HISTORY OF ALLEN COUNTY - 451

States, and the War of the Nations involved very different warlike conditions ; a nation of storytellers was an outgrowth of the War of the States ; there were not so many daily newspapers then to claim attention, and young and old alike enjoyed the recitals of their adventures by the soldiers who spent the best of their lives in the service. A grateful republic still holds them in remembrance ; a nation was plunged into sorrow and debt because of human slavery ; northern homes are desolate because of those who lie buried in the battlefields of the South ; the whole civilized world knows the sorrows of war ; in France, England and Belgium there have been burial ceremonies connected with the bodies of unknown soldiers in honor of all the unknown dead ; the desolations of war—none can forget them. When the soldiers in blue talked with those in gray as they lay dying on the fields of battle, they buried their differences as they told of homes and friends ; they were of the same country ; they had interests in common, and death made them brothers again.

"Men wanted for the army," always attracts the young manhood of the countryside ; those posters are alluring, and soldier life has always afforded to some an opportunity of travel who otherwise never would have seen the world ; sometimes parents favor the army on account of the rigid discipline they have themselves failed to bestow upon their sons ; they always recognize the manly bearing that comes from military train- ing ; sometimes they covet the splendid physiques and realize that the manual of arms develops them ; sometimes it is an effort to escape unpleasant environment, but many times it is pure patriotism that prompts Young America to quit his home, and offer himself upon his country's altar. While the United States was last to get into the War of the Nations, and last to get out of it, the policy remains : "Trust in the Lord and keep your powder dry." While it only required three months for Allen County to prepare after the United States had declared war against Germany, more than two years have passed since the armistice and this country is not yet out of it.

While America may need to be fortified, some urge that it needs to be purified—that America's larger centers were just as wicked, April 6, 1917, as Paris or London or Rome—were just as vulgar as Berlin or Vienna, and that they remain unchanged after going through the purifying fire of war ; some political economists charge that America has held aloof from helping make the peace of the world because of partisan politics, and because of ambitious political spoilsmen ; some have charged this country with hesitating as to whether it shall do its duty by the rest of the world, or live to itself ; internationalism and nationalism are the questions under consideration. Some one said in rhyme :

"Between you and me, in the last year or two,

My ideals are not so sunny ;

I'm about on the brink of beginning to think,

We are more or less out for the money,"

and it is urged that under wartime conditions seemingly respectable men have abandoned themselves to making money greedily and spending it asininely ; respectable women copy styles from women far from respectability; the young people—a generation of butterflies—care only for excitement, change and money.

A nation or community, like the individual, will reap what it sows, sow to the wind and reap the whirlwind ; some of the problematic students say the world needed a shaking up long before 1914, when Germany started the pot to boiling, and that gross materialism is what still afflicts the whole world ; it seems that humanity still has some lessons to learn ; as a

452 - HISTORY OF ALLEN COUNTY

naughty child it requires a good many reprimands to bring it to an understanding of things. Some people say they are in the world, but that they are not of the world. Allen County is in Ohio, and Ohio is in the United States, and the United States is still involved in the War of the Nations ; however, this country never entered into any war through the motive of conquest. While arbitration seems the humane thing, the war record of Allen County is in no sense a reproach to its citizenry ; it will welcome the

THE LIBERTY TRUCK BUILT 1N LIMA WAS THE FIRST TRUCK USED 1N

THE WORLD WAR

advent of universal peace even though the League of Nations does not seem to meet all of the requirements.

While fireless and wireless were economic terms in common usage, the people of Allen County learned about meatless, heatless and wheatless days after the beginning of the world struggle for supremacy. Platform speakers still reiterate that when the opportunity for profit is removed from the individual, and greed is expurged from the nations of the world, the question of war will then be settled for all time. With 81,000 Americans-fathers, sons, brothers, husbands, who fought and bled and died in France and Flanders ; with 81,000 Gold Star War Mothers in the United States, it follows that some of this sorrow was visited upon residents of Allen County. Whe World war soldiers in France would say :

HISTORY OF ALLEN COUNTY - 453

"We are good soldiers because we are not soldiers," demonstrating clearly that they were with the Allies for a purpose other than conquest ; it was humanitarian wholly. America has never entered a war to enlarge its domain, and the American flag has never been unfurled in war only for the protection of civil liberty. While France may some time forget the American Expeditionary Force was ever there, the people of the United States have not forgotten the neighborly spirit of Lafayette. When Gen. John J. Pershing stood at the tomb, and exclaimed : "Lafayette, we are here," that assurance was heard round the world.

A Delphos soldier while "Somewhere in France" wrote to his father : "We are here to defend and make free the people of the world," which was almost the same phraseology as voiced by President Woodrow Wilson: "Make the world a safe place for democracy." Little did the people of Allen County think at the time what the murder of an Austrian prince in the summer of 1914 meant to them; resting secure in their remoteness, the farmer continued to till his fields ; the laborer remained at his employment, and the business or professional man followed his usual routine with undisturbed equanimity. The preparation for war in Europe went on, and one nation after another declared war against its neighbors until farseeing Americans realized the possibility of this country's participation in it ; history does not record another struggle of man against man of equal magnitude with the World war. The world wars before the beginning of the Christian era were small affairs compared with it. The conquests of Alexander were not in a class with the ambitions of Germany. While the Romans once swayed the world, most of their great battles pale into insignificance in comparison with the recent struggles on European battlefields ; their successes resulted from trained and disciplined legions armed with superior weapons against half savage, poorly disciplined and inadequately armed adversaries ; where thousands were engaged in mortal combat the World war had millions, and soldiers on both sides were equipped with the latest death-dealing devices known to modern warfare ; it was a case of diamond cut diamond, although the armed soldiers only numbered about one-fifth of the actual mobilization ; the remotest village and farm contributed its quota in the World war.

Someone writes : "Only a few years ago—until the time the World war began, America was overrun with tramps—the genus hobo, the tie- walker, the sidedoor sleeper' occupant, whose only care was 'bumming a handout,' or finding a suitable place for a 'flop.' Weary Willie toiled not, neither did he spin ; he made himself believe he was always looking for work. * * * At any rate he is gone ; the 'work or fight' order during the war proved his undoing; it was no longer a matter of personal choice as to whether he would or would not work. * * * War and the need of speeding up production, made it imperative that all idle hands find something to do ; before the 'work or fight' order was promulgated, the bane of the life of the railway trainman was the tramp who was ever on the go, from one center of population to another, and who did not believe in the little formality of paying carfare on passenger trains ; he preferred to bum his way on the freight trains," and since the war seems to have removed him, it is interesting to know that he had not made his advent until after the first American centennial exposition when so many foreigners were attracted to this country. Until then the tramp was unknown in the United States.

Since Lima industry was represented on the war front by the Liberty truck, Lima shared with the rest of the world in the emoluments of war ; there were a number of profitable war contracts awarded to Lima manufacturers; one local concern says : "While Gramm-Bernstein feel a par-

HISTORY OF ALLEN COUNTY - 455

donable pride in the unusual recognition accorded them in this great World war task, still they have greater pleasure and satisfaction in the thought that they were equipped with facilities and experience which they could devote to so worthy an undertaking." Memorial Hall was a busy center in wartime ; the soldiers inducted into the service there represented a radius many miles in every direction from Lima ; they did not all live in Allen County ; strangers sojourning in the community volunteered and helped to swell the number of local recruits ; all Allen County boys lined up there and luncheons were served to everybody entering the service ; they were facing the uncertainties of warfare, and the community was interested in them.

While World war boys enlisted for service, when the armistice was signed they wanted out of the service ; they tell the story of the Alabama negro who broke ranks and when questioned by an officer, he answered : "I'se gwine back to Alabama. I 'listed for de duration o' de war and now de war is over," and with that argument he passed several lines amusing everybody, the officers knowing that he would meet a restraining influence in the rear ; when he reached the commanding officer, he made the same explanation ; the officer explained and the Alabama negro explained, but with a little discretion the fellow was induced to return to the ranks. The painful aftermath of the struggle when the boys were no longer needed on the firing line, and they were needed at home was a test of patriotism ; the boys and the homefolk, too, were impatient. The "red tape" of the war department exasperated them.

AMERICAN LEGION-Dr. E. D. Sinks, commander of the American Legion of Ohio, William P. Gallaghar Post No. 96, reports that 3,260 young men are known to have enlisted from Allen County ; this report does not include 100 officers, and perhaps 250 men from Allen County who are accredited to other localities ; many who enlisted in Allen County belong in other communities ; while there are approximately 3,500 young men from Allen County who went into the service no separate department has the names of all of them, and not all of the patriots went to the front ; the draft boards who served without compensation were patriots. The Allen County draft board : F. M. Watt and Clarence Breese representing the county outside of Lima, and James J. Weadock, George H. Quail, Dr. T. R. Thomas and J. L. Van Pelt volunteered their service, and the satisfaction of a duty discharged is their entire recompense. When war was declared, April 6, 1917, the draft board reported for duty and remained until the end of the war ; they filled out questionnaires and classified the men for service ; they returned some to the farms because there is just as much patriotism in producing food as in bearing arms.

The members of the board would not designate slackers ; sometimes when young men did not respond to their requisition it was found they had already entered the service ; there is no exact record since many volunteers had not been checked off of the local records. There were not many conscientious objectors, and a fine spirit of patriotism was manifested by the young men within the draft age in Allen County ; while some were entitled to exemption who did not claim it, none seemed to want to evade service. An inspector visiting the Allen County draft board complimented the local patriotism, and there was little difficulty in any community. After the United States declared war on Germany, all recruiting stations were closed, and everything was left to the draft boards to handle in order to avoid confusion and misunderstanding.

The Lima recruiting office was reopened in March, 1919, and since August that year Sergeant Robert H. Long has had charge of it. While each recruiting officer has a list, his successor is not furnished with a

456 - HISTORY OF ALLEN COUNTY

copy, and Sergeant Long was unable to report only for his own term of service. The Lima auxiliary station draws from Allen, Auglaize, Mercer, Van Wert and Putnam counties, but there are more volunteers from Allen. From August to the end of 1919 there were eighty-six recruits from the Lima station and thirty-one were from Allen County. from January 1, 1920, to Thanksgiving the station had 167 recruits with seventy-nine of them from Allen County. The population and military spirit both center stronger in Allen County. Chief H. M. Downing, in charge of the Lima Naval Station, said that thirty-three counties in western Ohio report through Cincinnati and that there are navy recruiting stations as follows : Middletown, Dayton, Springfield, Columbus, Marion and Lima.

The Lima Naval Recruiting Station embraces Allen, Putnam, Auglaize, Mercer, Van Wert and Paulding counties. From the point of numbers Allen leads and Van Wert is second, the Lima district showing an average of twenty-two recruits each month, in two, three and four-year enlistments. From March 1, 1920, to the Thanksgiving period Chief Downing had shipped out 200 navy recruits from the district and there are more Allen County boys on the high seas than people are aware of who are not in touch with the question. Through its convoy activities the U. S. Navy played an important part in the World war; some enthusiasts say the Navy won the war through its ability to transport the soldiers. It carried many Americans to the war zones, and many Allen County boys encountered submarines in ocean travel. The Navy offers educational advantages and its opportunities for travel is the lure of many young men who want to see the world.

It is estimated that in all Allen County contributed 3,500 soldiers to the World war. There were 200 in the Navy and twenty-five in the Marine corps, and the remainder were in the Army. The Allen County mortality reaches about 125 men, forty from Lima and the others from other towns and the Allen County farms. Some died overseas and some in training camps. More Allen County soldiers died from influenza than from wounds incurred in the war. While some bodies have already been returned from overseas and others are promised, there are families who do not ask such a thing. While Mrs. Theodore Roosevelt was privileged to stand at the grave of her son, Quentin Roosevelt, she

HISTORY OF ALLEN COUNTY - 457

did not disturb the long rest in the grave. There are Allen County mothers who would crave the privilege but who will never visit Flanders.

While there is a draft board list, a Red Cross list and the War Department records, and while Elmer McClain has attempted to combine all the names, none feel that there is a correct list of Allen County soldiers in the World war. While the American Legion was much in evidence on the second Armistice day, November 11, 1920, in Lima, and there are posts in Delphos, Bluffton and Spencerville, while all joined in a street parade, there is again the question of the unknown dead. There are such graves at Fort Amanda and there are Allen County soldiers resting in other parts of the world. The World war involved the death struggle between autocracy and democracy, and again the selfishness of nations revealed itself in the deliberations of the Peace Conference. The result has been a sad disappointment for those idealists who thought all of the world's dross would be effaced by the deluge of blood. Allen County soldiers are known to have joined the Canadian forces before the United States had entered the struggle, and it has been proved that the patriotism of the present generation equals • that of the fathers and the grandfathers in the different wars.

While unknown soldiers lie buried at Fort Amanda, there are Allen County soldiers in unknown graves in other parts of the world, and some lie buried at the bottom of the sea. To the soldiers who died at Gettysburg, Chancellorsville, Lookout Mountain and to the boys who died in the Argonne Forest, or at Chateau Thierry—to all Americans who died on any field of conflict, or who went down to the depths of the sea a sacrifice to the freedom of mankind, Decoration Day is still observed in much the same way it was celebrated fifty years ago, the spirits of the dead which sanctify the day still aflame in the souls of their friends all along the blazed trail of patriotism. There are returned Allen County soldiers, and there are Allen County soldiers afield, and while the Bible says the hairs of their head are numbered, a complete military record seems an impossibility, The confusion ensued when the recruiting stations suspended and the draft board took hold of things.

While there were a lot of swivel chair army clerks, there seemed to be want of system in handling things. The same thing occurred in the Civil war, and the Terrell reports are inaccurate. When the community was wrought up over war prospects, B. A. Gramm was named chairman of the Allen County Council of Defense, and Mrs. Kent W. Hughes of the woman's branch, but in order to avoid overlapping of duties, Mrs. Hughes resigned and Mrs. Lena B. Davis, who was active in Red Cross work, continued the woman's work in connection with the Council of Defense. It participated in every department of war activities, co-operating with and strengthening them ; it advocated conservation in everything. The local council stressed the welfare of women and children, emphasizing the necessity of maintaining educational standards by keeping all children in school in the trying hours of the country's need. There were times that tried the souls of all. The Council of Defense had charge of food conservation, and as a war worker in different departments, Mrs. Hughes covered Allen County four times. In her different appeals to the public she met with ready response everywhere. She had some knowledge of other counties, and as a unit Allen County was all that was required of it. The women of Allen County all worked to win the war and there were no differences because of personal ambitions. The War Board was a clearing house and all departments subordinated to it. The women correlated all war

458 - HISTORY OF ALLEN COUNTY

activities, and while recreational work for training camps was emphasized, all was harmony.

As chairman of the War Savings Department, H. E. Simonton reports that Allen County's quota was $1,297,000, and that it overreached the amount by $70,000, showing a total of $1,367,000, and in reaching this sum he encountered some conscientious objectors who neither went to the front nor invested in bonds or saving stamps. The showing was different in 1919 when the war was over, and while Ohio as a whole only took 25 per cent of its 'quota, Allen County reached 30 per cent. While it was a good relative showing, the people did not incline to make a sacrifice again. While the committee on War Savings learned a great deal about Allen County, they found a great deal of loyal co-operation, both through individual and combination efforts, and, aside from patriotism, habits of thrift and economy were instilled into the lives of the young, the children of the public schools taking thrift stamps to the limit of their ability.

The Allen County Chapter American Red Cross was organized for war activities with S. S. Wheeler, chairman, and J. H. O'Connor, secretary. Mrs. Lena B. Davis, as chairman of woman's work with the Red Cross, is still in charge of its activities. As a war relief measure the Allen County chapter, which included all organizations, enrolled 6,778 members, and the report on file in the office of the president reads : "Many men and women left their daily work and gave time and energy to this campaign, about 8,000 in all. There were twenty-seven efficient working units in Allen County." The National League for Women's Service which was functioning in Allen County at the beginning of the war, became identified with the Red Cross, and as its president Mrs. Davis was given charge of woman's work. While the Red Cross work was begun as a Lima chapter, it was deemed necessary to enlist all of Allen County. Again "Lima never failed" was made to mean "Allen County never failed," and finally relief work was being done in sixty- one Allen County stations. There were 2,000 women coming to the Red Cross workshops or doing the work in their own homes.

While some women only gave one afternoon a week to the Red Cross workshops, others spent many afternoons there. Women with home duties made sacrifices in order to do relief work, and in order to better understand the requirements, Mrs. J. K. Bannister went to Washington to learn about surgical dressings. In turn she taught 100 women, who taught the work to others, and the work turned out from the Lima workshops was as well done as that from larger cities. It was exceptional for the work in surgical dressings to pass inspection but it did in Lima. Mrs. J. L. Foust had charge of the garment workers, and Mrs. A. A. Schiewe was in charge of general sewing. While it was a stock story about the mother who demanded her own wheat bread because she had given her son to the service, that same woman was encountered in Allen County. There were no paid secretaries and the women of Allen County were surprised to know what they had accomplished through united effort. Some of them had sons in the service and their hearts were in it.

In the first national Red Cross drive for $100,000,000 the allotment to Allen County was $50,000, beside all the war savings and liberty bond subscriptions. It was an outright gift, people saying "Give, give, give until you feel it, and then give," with the result that the amount was oversubscribed and the Christmas membership campaign in 1917 reached 13,000. The second Allen County drive in 1918 was for $60,000, and despite the ravages of the Flu it was plus, and then came the armistice,

HISTORY OF ALLEN COUNTY - 459

and on November 20, 1918, the final county-wide meeting was held in Memorial Hall. It was a time of rejoicing for all. The reports show that the Allen County Chapter Red Cross made and contributed 378,696 garments, 64,334 surgical dressings, 7,577 knitted articles, 1,871 hospital garments, 3,549 comfort kits, 7,517 pieces of linen given in showers to Red Cross hospitals and 13,710 pounds of clothing sent to Belgium.

The Red Cross Chapters paid no rent, heat or light bills ; they paid no salaries or drayage. All was volunteer service, the work rooms and all comforts being donated patriotically by the Elks, Masons, Knights of Columbus, Business Woman's Club, Ohio Electric Railway Company, Holmes Block, Opera House Block, Savings Block, Crossley Block, Central High School in the vacation period, Memorial Hall and Chamber of Commerce. In Delphos the Red Cross work was done in the Commercial Club. In Spencerville the Red Cross used the Citizens' Bank, Plikard Brothers and the Progressive Association rooms. In the rural communities the school houses and the township houses were used by the Red Cross. In some instances business men donated the use of rooms at a decided advantage to them. The Allen County "boys" were away and all made the sacrifice gladly. They were thinking about "When the Boys Come Home."

In Lima all drayage was donated by the Solar Refinery Company. The Allen County Red Cross Chapter co-operated with the Board of Health in the Flu epidemic in obtaining nurses, and in loaning them to other communities. The local nurses established a great reputation for their efficiency. The men were busy when funds were raised, but the women worked all of the time. They gave up all club and social engagements that in any way conflicted with Red Cross activities. The women of Allen County quit their homes because their "boys" were at the front, and the closing sentence in the Red Cross report reads : "No great crisis in Christian civilization ever faltered for lack of woman's work, courage and willing sacrifice." The Red Cross still maintains visiting nurses, Miss Marie Miller being the special nurse supervising and directing the activities under the leadership of Mrs. Davis. While Mrs. Davis takes care of the business, she does not have personal contact with the applicants for relief. The Red Cross is still the greatest mother in the world. Clara Barton little realized what her effort would later mean to humanity.

WORLD WAR MILITARY AND NAVAL LIST—As a "court of last resort," an appeal was made to Elmert McClain whose "card system" list of Allen County soldiers in the World war was frequently mentioned as being more complete than any other, and in an effort to approach accuracy with it, he appealed to the newspapers and to many citizens. He checked his list with other lists, eliminating and adding names in an effort to limit it to bona fide Allen County soldiery.

Mr. McClain, who enlisted in the World war and did transport duty, had personal knowledge of many Allen County enlisted men, and with him it was a service of love and gratitude ; his knowledge of the young men from Allen County enabled him to do more acceptable work than would have been possible by one unacquainted with the soldiers and sailors of the community. He characterizes the appended list as : "Allen County men who served in the military or naval service in the World war," and he adds the statement : "In spite of all effort to make it so, the compiler knows that it is not in every respect either perfectly complete or perfectly accurate, but it is the most complete and accurate list in existence ; here is one example of the many difficulties encountered : Many young men from Allen County enlisted in various parts of the

460 - HISTORY OF ALLEN COUNTY

United States throughout the war, and no official list of these men exists, This list was compiled from the following sources :

1. Names furnished by ex-service men at the request of the compiler.

2. Young Men's Christian Association offices at various camps and by the Lima Young Men's Christian Association.

3. The American Legion.

4. The Federal Employment Bureau.

5. The local citizens committee.

6. The Allen County recorder's office.

7. Lima city directory for 1919.

8. Township chairmen in the Victory Loan campaign.

9. The Knights of Columbus.

10. The Red Cross.

11. The local draft board.

12. The Allen County Historical Society.

Mr. McClain says of the mortuary list, the Allen County honor roll of men who died in the military or naval service, that especial care was taken in compiling it ; every newspaper in Allen County was requested to lend assistance, and the William Paul Gallagher Post of the American Legion was appealed to in the matter. He also commends Mrs. Irene Mills Jackson, executive secretary of the Home Service Bureau of the American Red Cross, and Mrs. James Pillars, secretary of the Allen County Historical and Archeological Society, for their activities in securing the mortuary list, as well as other efficient service.

The military and naval list follows—the flower of Allen County citizenship who volunteered to "make the world safe for democracy" :

List compiled by Elmer McClain.

Aab, F. D.

Abrams, John C.

Accantius, Andrew Ackerman,

Arthur C. Ackerman, C. L.

Adams, Geo.

Adams, John Thomas Adams, Zeno

Agerter, John Frederick

Aldrich, Fred H.

Albert, Louis W.

Albrecht, Samuel, Jr.

Alexander, Carl

Alexander, Turner Abedine

Algar, George

Allemeir, Norman F.

Allen, Benjamin F.

Allen, Carl H.

Allen, Harvey A.

Allen, Fred T.

Allen, Pearl H.

Allgire, George Cary

Allgower, Edgar W.

Allinger, Neil J.

Alspach, Don

Alstetter, Bud

Alstetter. Oscar Godfrey

Althoff, Benjamin

Altman, L.

Altstetter, Oscar G.

Altenberger, Frank

Althans, Hiram W.

Amato, Geo.

Ambler, O. M.

Ambler, William Theodore

Amrine, Edward

Amstutz, Arthur

Amstutz, Edwin

Amstutz, Menno

Amstutz, Monroe

Amstutz, William C.

Amstutz, Abraham D.

Amstutz, Harry

Anderson, John

Anderson, Lovee

Anderson, Walter

Anderson, Bert

Anderson, Harry D.

Anderson, David R

Anderson, J. W.

Andra, George

Andrew, Herman

Andrews, Elmer R.

Andrews, Ralph W.

Andrews, Chas. W.

Andrews, Douglas

Andrews, Nelson G.

Angles, Robt. Sam

Anneser, Lester

Anspach, Scot F.

Anspauch, Irvin

Anthony, J.

Anzelus, Mike

Apostol, Harry

Applas, Willard

Archer, Earl

Archer, Leonard

Archinal, Henry

Archinal, Russell

Ardner, H.

Armentrout, Dale

Armstrong, Don

Armstrong, Merle

Armstrong, Lewis

Arnold, Wilbur

Arrington, Raymond

Ashley, Clark

Ashton, Don A.

Ashton, Edwin

Atmur, Kenneth

Atwood, J. F.

Auer, George G.

Auers, W. C.

Augsberger, Fred

Augsburger, Clyde

Augsburger Donald Leon

Austin, Wilbur

Austutz, Monroe

Averly, Lloyd

Ayers, Harmon

Ayers, Chas. Arthur

Ayers; Leo V.

Baber, Royal

Bacome, Robert P.

Baduring, Joe

HISTORY OF ALLEN COUNTY - 461

Bady, W. H.

Baggs, Dobie

Bahr, Vernon E.

Bailey, Clem O.

Bailey, Frank

Bailey, Clifford

Bailey, Harry

Bailey, James R.

Baird, John

Baird, Thomas F.

Baker, Dennis W.

Baker, Floyd

Baker, Alden E.

Baker, Martin

Baker, Dewey

Baker, Robert

Baker, William R.

Baldwin, James

Bakutus, John

Baldwin, Clyde

Baldwin, Claude Lester

Baldwin, Emmet

Balmer, Eli

Balmer, Joseph E.

Balter, John Alfred

Bame, Raymond

Baner, Wm. Irvin

Banson, Joseph C.

Banning, David Chester

Bany, Charles M.

Barick, Wesley

Barker, Hollie E.

Barker, James

Barker, H. E.

Barkley, Joseph D.

Barnes, R. J.

Barnett, Julius Floyd

Barnett, John Westley

Barnett, Harold

Barnes, Clifton L.

Barns, Jay

Barns, S. S.

Baron, Arthur

Barrett, Frank

Bartee, George

Bartoline, Nick

Barton, Carl F.

Bartoo, D. G.

Bartsch, Harry G.

Base, Orion M.

Baseker, Claudi L

Basil, Charles K.

Basinger, Harvey K.

Basinger, Byron Lee

Basinger, Evan W.

Basinger, Leonard W.

Basinger, Hamilin

Basinger, Waldo E.

Basinger,Warren O.

Bass, Orion

Bassett, Glen

Bathtel, Harry Arthur

Bassit, Oak D.

Battels, Harley B.

Bates,Ferdinand

Bates, Roy

Bateson, Russel V.

Batson, Robert

Baugham, William

Baum, Fred A.

Bauman, Raymond F.

Baumgardner, Benjamin

Baumgardner, Donaven A.

Baumgardner, Orlo

Baumgardner, Stewart C.

Baumgartner, Martin W.

Baumgartner, Carl Sylvester

Baumgartner, Ira

Baunden, Preston

Baxter, Carl W.

Baxter, Donald L.

Baxter, Guy Overton

Baxter, I. D.

Baxter, Wm. Roy

Baxter, R. L.

Baxter, Herbert F.

Bay, Clarence F.

Bayless, Clarence

Beals, Fred D.

Beam, Byron B.

Beam, Paul

Beamer Ray

Beard, Asa

Beattie, C.

Beatty, Eugene

Bechdolt, Harry E.

Becher, Jesse F.

Bechtol, Herman C.

Beck, Alfred

Beckman, Joseph M.

Bedell, Doit

Bedkin, Arthur J.

Bedkin, Elva B.

Beech, Lauren Baynton

Beecher, Edward C.

Beemer, Charles

Beerline, Lloyd W.

Behr, Myrle Claton

Beidler, Harvey

Beidler, H. E.

Belan, August

Belford, Don B.

Bell, Frank

Bell, Harvey H.

Bell, Harry Kelly

Belligrim, John

Bellis, Frederich W.

Belmont, Harold

Bender, L. R.

Bender, Jerome

Bennett, Harry J.

Benson, Russel Richard

Berg, Hugo P.

Bersee, John P.

Best, Arthur

Best, Leo

Best, Lloyd I,

Betts, Leo M.

Betz, Roy

Beyer, Theodore H.

Bible, Dale

Bickle, John

Bice, Lawrence E.

Biemz, Earl F.

Biederman, Clarence

Biederman William

Bigham, Lee

Billings, Chas. Franklin

Binder, Jerome

Bingham, D. W.

Binkley, John

Binkley, Charles

Binkley, Carl

Binkley, Daniel C.

Binkley, Fred V.

Binkley, Glenford O.

Binkley, Howard

Binkley, Ray Glen

Binkley, Sam

Binkley, Samuel I.

Bipe, Gordon A.

Bird, Ralph W.

Birkley, Glenford

Bishop, G. A.

Bitler, Harry H.

Bixel, Fred

Bixel, Gordon Arthur

Bixel, Munson

Bixel, O. S.

Bixel, Russel Lowell

Bixel, Waldo E.

Bixler, Albert E.

Bixler, Chas. E.

Bixler Aurora

Black, C. B.

Black, Earl

Black, Olvin

Black, Robert J.

Black, Robert C.

Blackburn, John G.

Blackburn, Walter

Blackburn, Waldo

Blackburn, Carl Hammond

Blacksten, Wayne

Blakesley, Roscoe

Blakesley, William

Blattenberg, J. H.

Blair, Harold

Blakely, Ernest R.

Basinger, Warren O.

Bass, Orion

Bassett, Glen

Bathtel, Harry Arthur

Bassit, Oak D.

Battels, Harley B.

Bates, Ferdinand

Bates, Roy

Bateson, Russel V.

Batson, Robert

Baugham, William

Bergfeld, Claude A.

Berkely, John J.

Berky, Herbert W.

Bernstein, Dudley

Bernstein, W.

Bernstein, Samuel

Berry, Arthur A.

Berry, Doyle R.

Berry, Cloyd

Berry, Francis F.

Berry, William

Berry, Winston Yorke

Bland, C.

Blank, Guy

Blank, Harrod

Blank, Walter J.

Blem, Arthur

Block, Harry Aron

Block, Robert Abe

Blow, August

Blum, Bernard

Blunder, Preston J.

Blunk, Benjamin

Blymyer, Harry

462 - HISTORY OF ALLEN COUNTY

Boals, Fred David

Bobson, Charles H.

Bobson, Robert

Bockreth, Leo

Bocok, Robt. S.

Bodell, Doit

Bodkin, Arthur

Bodkin, Jean S.

Bodkins, John Carl

Boedecker, Carl E.

Boedicker, John K.

Boegel, Fred Henry

Boerger, Harry G.

Boerger, Ralph

Boggs, Fielden W.

Boise, Earl

Bolen, Chas.

Bolin, John H.

Bolkella, Carmine

Bonijas, Isadore

Bonnell, A. L.

Bonnido, Paul

Bookroth, Leo

Boop, Gus

Boore, Irvin

Boose, Irvin Rudolph

Booth, Harry J.

Bope, Charles

Boraff, Chancey

Borchers, D. T.

Borders, W. Robert

Borland, Chester

Bose, Roger

Botdorf, Earl W.

Botkin, Vance Orien

Botkins, Alva

Botkins, Walter R.

Botts, Charles C.

Boughan, Dewey

Boughan, Guy D.

Bouman, Charles M.

Bovine, H. L.

Bowdle, Walden B.

Bowdle, Merrill D.

Bower, Frank Wm.

Bowers, Clyde Leo.

Bowers, Earl C.

Bowers, Dale

Bowers, Dale

Bowers, Charles M.

Bowers, Donald

Bowers, Herbert

Bowers, Herman

Bowers, Russell P.

Bowersock, Roy E.

Bowman, Cecil T.

Bowman, Charles A.

Bowman, Earl

Bowman, Francis

Bowman, Harold J.

Bowman, Thomas C.

Bowsher, Brandon D.

Bowsher, Pearl

Bowsher, Edward E.

Bowsher, Elza

Bowsher, Waldo G.

Bowsher, Kenneth

Bowsher, Harry

Bowsher, Harry F.

Bowsher, Kin

Bowsher, Marion

Bowyer, C. D.

Bowyer, D. C.

Boyd, Daniel

Boyer, D. O.

Boyer, Marion P.

Brabrant, Joseph

Bradfield, J. C.

Bradford, Chester Raymond

Bradford, Chester L.

Bradshaw, Bishop A.

Bradshaw, Robert V.

Brady, James Allen

Bradley, Lloyd A.

Braderick, Harry D.

Brammer, John Henry

Bran, Jesse H.

Brandt, Theodore

Branson, Harry G.

Branson, James

Bratt, Clyde

Bream, Abraham

Breeden, Ernest Marron

Bremaen, Marion S.

Brennan, Edward J.

Brennan, Dan A.

Brenneman, Abram K.

Brenneman, Con D.

Brenneman, Cyril J.

Brenneman, Dean D.

Brenneman, Dean

Brenneman, Forest Anthony

Brenneman, James S.

Brenneman, Samuel A.

Brentlinger, H. I.

Brentlinger, H. L.

Bresler, Russell 0.

Brice, John H.

Brickner, Clair

Brickner, Theodore

Briggs, Frank

Briggs, Marion

Briggs, William M.

Briggs, William H.

Brimpman, George

Brink, Edwin

Brink, Edwin

Brinkman, Fred

Briscoe, Clem

Briscoe, Cletis

Briscoe, Wilbur C.

Broadbent, J. M.

Broadbreck, Roy E.

Brockert, Albert P.

Brockert, Ferd J.

Brockert, Richard

Brockett, John Selden

Brogan,Alfred

Brogee, Alfred

Brogee, Carl

Brogee, Edward

Brolek, Chas.

Brollier, Arthur L.

Bronfen, Isaac

Brookhart, Charles

Brooks, Delbert

Brooks, James

Brooks, James F.

Broughton, Wm.

Brown, Albert R.

Brown, Ary

Brown, Clayton C.

Brown, Daniel J.

Brown, Daniel T.

Brown, Everett

Brown, George L.

Brown, Guy

Brown, Hillis R.

Brown, James Francis

Brown, James J.

Brown, Jason

Brown, Jesse H.

Brown, Lawrence B.

Brown, Manly B.

Brown, Maurice P.

Brown, Ralph C.

Brown, Ralph M.

Brown, Ray

Brown, Roy

Brown, Samuel

Brown, Samuel H.

Brown, Thomas D.

Brown, Wm.

Brown, W. S.

Brunk, Lloyd

Brunk, J.

Brunk, Ruben

Bruskotter, Edward

Brusketter, Ed John

Bryan, H. L.

Bryant, Virgil

Buchanan, Baron

Bucher, Amos

Buchtel, Herman G.

Buck, Raymond

Buck, Roy

Buckey, Sam T.

Buckingham, Dewey

Buckmaster, Orville

Buckreth, Leo

Budd, DeWayne

Buecker, Anthony A.

Buettner, Donald C.

Buhr, Robert

Bullock, John

Bumford, Burl

Burden, Glen E.

Burden, Harry H.

Burgeon, Everett W.

Burgess, A. C.

Burgess, Harvey

Burgess, James T.

Burges, Paul

Burget, Walter .

Bowman, Francis

Bowman, Harold J.

Bowman, Thomas C.

Bowsher, Brandon D.

Bowsher, Pearl

Bowsher, Edward E.

Bowsher, Elza

Bowsher, Waldo G.

Bowsher, Kenneth

Bowsher, Harry

Bowsher, Harry F.

Brogan, Alfred

Brogee, Alfred

Brogee, Carl

Brogee, Edward

Brolek, Chas.

Brollier, Arthur L.

Bronfen, Isaac

Brookhart, Charles

Brooks, Delbert

Burgion, Everett Westley

Burke, Franklin

Burke, John Patrick

Burke, Russel

Burkholder, Albert

Burkholder, Alvin P.

Burkholder, Charles Calvin

Burkholder, Chas. E.

Burkholder, Cyrus

Burkholder, Harruby

HISTORY OF ALLEN COUNTY - 463

Burkholder, Harry

Burkholder, Harvey H.

Burkholder, J. W.

Burkholder, Quinton C.

Burkholder, Willis W.

Burkley, Samuel

Burline, Lloyd

Burnett, Harold H.

Burnett Harrison

Burns, Arthur H.

Burns, Earl L.

Burns, Thomas A.

Burton, Don M.

Burton, Lewis

Burton, Wm.

Burtose, William Nelson

Busch, Edward James L.

Busham, Chas. F.

Bushman, C. F.

Bushong, Clarence F.

Busick, Edward M.

Busick, Isaac

Busick, Vernon

Bute, Charles

Buti, George

Butler, Glen R.

Butterfield, Roy

Butters, Charles

Butts, James S.

Byene, Wesley A.

Byerly, H. W.

Byrn, Bernard R.

Byron, Robert S.

Cable, C. M.

Cable, J. H.

Cady, Thomas

Cahill, Burl

Cain, Cecil H.

Cain, John M.

Caldwell, Ross

Call, Scott Irvin

Callahan, Charles

Callahan, Francis J.

Callahan, Robert

Calvert, Chester

Calvert, Roscoe Lee

Cameron, Earl L.

Campbell, Chas.

Campbell, DeWitt

Campbell, Dudley A.

Campbell, Dwight Lee

Campbell, Forest

Campbell, George L.

Campbell, Robert Lee

Caneby, William

Canfield, Walter

Cannon, Dr. James L.

Carpenter, C. B.

Carpenter, V. B.

Carper, Joseph E.

Carr, Burley

Carr, Chas. Geo.

Carr, Howard F.

Carr, Joseph

Carr, Lloyd O.

Carr, Raymond

Carr, Rush

Carrel, Samuel J.

Carrino, Paul V.

Carroll, James

Carrother, Geo.

Carter, Emmet J.

Carter, Harry R.

Carter, Ray C.

Carter, Walter Lee

Cashman, Thomas J.

Catt, Herbert J.

Catt, Warren H.

Cattell, Ralph H.

Cennese, Louis

Chamberlain, Charles

Chamberlin, Melvin

Chambers, Orlando

Chamood, B. F.

Chancey, Clay

Chapman, Herman H.

Chapman, Lawrence D.

Charles, Walter G.

Chavons, R. R.

Checkles, Sane

Cheney, Elmer

Cheney, Harry B.

Cheney, John Edward

Cheney, Jos. Wm.

Chenoweth, Dale W.

Chenoweth, O. E.

Chenoweth, Walter

Chiles, Delmar

Chiles, E. C.

Chlen, Joseph A.

Cinnesa, Louis

Chowes, Elmer

Chrismer, Cecil C.

Christman, Ludwig

Christman, W. E.

Chubranovich, Milo

Churchill, Chas. Harold

Churchill, Chester Anderson

Churchill, Clarence J.

Chusafides, Theofiles

Clancy, J. P.

Clancy, T. J.

Clapper, Ira Ray

Clay, Roger

Claypool, Samuel

Claypool, Samuel Clifton

Clayton, John N.

Cleaves, E. G.

Clemens, Homer G.

Clement, Anthony

Cleusten, Ray

Cleveland, Grover

Clevenger, Alfred G.

Clevenger, Clarence H.

Clevenger, Dayton M.

Clevenger, Lester H.

Clevenger, Louis Floyd

Clevenger, Millard L.

Clifford, Daniel

Clifford, Francis

Clifford, Frank X.

Clinger, Ferman

Cline, Albert

Cline, Albert

Clive, Albert

Cloore, Paul R.

Clouse, Mark

Clover

Clum, Ralph E.

Clutter, Bob

Clutter, Carle

Clutter, Dean H.

Clutter, Robt. Wm.

Clyle, Harry P.

Coates, Chas. F.

Coates, James L.

Cobb, Franklin

Cochensparger, Russel

Cochran, Earl H.

Cochran, Roscoe

Cochren, Earl Howard

Cochrensparger, Dell M.

Cochrun, Clarence

Coffey, Asa

Coffey, Grover

Coffey, J.

Coffey, Patrick

Coffman, Chas. Edgar

Coil, Glen

Coines, Ethelbert

Cole, Cleo H.

Cole, Harry

Cole, Jesse

Cole, Lester F.

Cole, Oscar

Cole, Richard William

Coleman, Fred

Coleman, William

Coleton, Harley

Collier, Likes

Cardosi, Edward

Careno, P.

Carey, James W.

Carey, William

Carey, Wright B.

Carl, G. Clarence

Carli, Frank

Carlin, Chas.

Carney, Joseph

Carney, Julius

Carpenter, Burt

Clapper, Willis A.

Clark, Ashley

Clark, Ashley

Clark, Francis H.

Clark, John C.

Clark, Merle A.

Clark, Paul A.

Clark, Rodney H.

Clarkson, Harry

Clausing, Leroy M.

Clay, Chancy

Clay, Rodney

Collins, Geo (Canada)

Colton, Melvin J.

Come, Ruggi

Compston, Fred

Conley, George R.

Conn, Clyde R.

Connelly, Robt. Vincent

Conner, E. A.

Connelly, Thomas F.

Connor, Harry

Connor, Maurice W.

Coon, A. E.

464 - HISTORY OF ALLEN COUNTY

Coon, Avery E.

Coon, Byron

Coon, Clyde R.

Coon, Dewey W.

Coon, Irvin E.

Coon, Ivan Eugene

Coon, James H.

Cooney, James W.

Conrad, C.

Conrad, Edmund L.

Conrad, Elmer

Conrek, Frank

Conrod, Clifton E.

Contz, Raymond

Converse, Fred

Conway, John

Cook, Arthur

Cook, James F.

Cook, Jas. T.

Cook, Marion

Cook, Melvin Ray

Cook, Milton P.

Cook, Raymond H.

Cook, Reid

Cook, Roland

Cook, Russel Burke

Cook, William F.

Cookingham, Melvin

Cooksey, James Harold

Copeland, Harry

Copeland, Stanley

Coppersmith, Wm. David

Copus, Guy E.

Core, Ralph E.

Core, Walter

Corinolly, Thomas

Cork, Frank

Corkwell, Orley J.

Corrells, Clyde L.

Cotner, Bryant D.

Cotner, Walter Wendell

Cotner, Wm.

Cotner, Warren

Cottingham, Harry E.

Coulter, Elden G.

Coulton, Harry E.

Countryman, Enose F.

Counts, Leroy

Counts, William

Couples, Alvin

Cousins, James G.

Cover, John F.

Cox, Glenn Mickey

Cox, Jay A.

Cox, Lee

Cox, Russell K.

Coyne, James K.

Coyne, John P.

Craddock, Herman T.

Cremean, Alfred G.

Cremean, Marion S.

Cremean, Ralph

Creps, A. Butler

Creps, C. S.

Creps Clark W.

Creps, John H.

Creps, Othel Irvin

Cresento, Steve

Cribbley, Fred

Cribbley, Wm. C.

Criblez, Fred

Criblez, Gus E.

Criblez, William C.

Crider, Frank

Crider, Paul E.

Crider, Walter Alonzo

Crisenbery,Basil M.

Crist, Charles

Crist, Walter

Criswell, U. L.

Critchfield, Everett Alvin

Critchfield, Franklin E.

Critchfield, Thomas P.

Crites, J. C.

Crites, J. O.

Crites, Zeldon

Critterden, David

Croak, Jerome

Crockett, Carl C.

Croft, Arthur E.

Crole, Harry

Crumrine, Darrell C.

Crumrine, Everett D.

Crumrine, Glen M.

Cullen, John M.

Cumberland, John

Cummings, Irvin W.

Cummins, Leonard R.

Cunningham

Cunningham, John R.

Cunningham, Raymond S.

Cunningham, Robert S.

Curl, Benjamin

Curl, Clifford Dudley

Curran, Barton D.

Curry, John

Curry, Lyle I.

Curtin, Emmett Robert

Curtis, Carl A.

Curtis, Charles F.

Curtis, Harland G.

Curtiss, Dr. E. J.

Cusick, John H.

Custer, Clyde L.

Custer, Glenn Jacob

Custer, R. W.

Dale, John Henry

Daily, Robert C.

Daily, Wm. V.

Daly, Lewis S.

Dandeur, Franklin

Danner, Miller

Danner, Noah

Danybuskie, Abe

Darby, C. B.

Darbyshire; J. C.

Dauner, Noah

Davey, Melville F.

Davey, Robert D.

Davies, John W.

Davies, W. D.

Davidson, Roy L,

Davis, Arthur O.

Davis, Earl W.

Davis, Elmer J.

Davis, Everett E.

Davis, George H.

Davis, Harold

Davis, Harold Osman

Davis, Henry M.

Davis, Homer J.

Davis, John D.

Davis, Marion F.

Davis, Owen K.

Davis, Paul C.

Davis, Robt. J.

Davis, Royden

Davis, R. T.

Davis, Stanley

Davis, W. E.

Davis, William E.

Davis, William L.

Davison, Roy

Davison, Walter

Dawe, George J.

Dawson, Harry

Dawson, Herman

Dawson, Hermon

Day, Allen

Deafendeffin, Albertis

Dean, Byron B.

Dean, Thomas

Debling, Robt.

Decker, Alton B.

De Hart, John

DeLong, Harvey B.

DeLoose, John

Deman, Abraham

Demarest, Eugene

DeMars, Will

Demoss, W. C.

Denbar, Edwin Francis

Dennison, Gale D.

Densmore, Alonzo

Craft, Isaac C.

Craig, Kennth W.

Cramer, Harold L.

Cramer, William

Crane, Claude M.

Cranston, Joseph J,

Crass, William J.

Crawford, Wm . Douglas

Craysh, B. C.

Custy, Chas. J.

Cuthbert, Donald J.

Cuthbert, Jno. R.

Cutteridge, H. W.

Daggon, Grovesson C.

Dahmer, John

Dahill, John Henry

Dahill, William D.

Dailey, William D.

Daily, Tom

Densmore, Kenneth

Densmore, G. H.

De Piazza, Pietro

Deppler, Albert J.

Deppeler, J. C.

Deppler, Walter

Deprato, Humbert

Derbyshire, Russel S.

De Remer, Leon V.

Derwart, Ray

Detrick, Gail

HISTORY OF ALLEN COUNTY - 465

Detrick, John R.

Deutsch, Harold G.

Devere, Ralph

Devon, Ferd

DeVore, Clarence

Devoy, Walter

DeWeese, Paul

DeWeese, Theodore C.

DeWeese,Wilbur L.

De Witt, Campbell

De Witt, Wm.

Dew, Thomas

Diamond, James R.

Diamond, Jos. G.

Dibello, Joseph

Dickey, Harley O.

Dickey, Olen F.

Dickman, Cornelius

Dicos, Charles C.

Diefenderfer, James C.

Dienstberger, Arnold C.

Dietrich, Clarence

Dietrich, William C.

Diller, Elmer

Diller, Ermin

Diller, Waldo

Diller, Arthur B.

Dillon, James

Dillsavor, C. S.

Diltz, Ernest F.

Dirmeyer, Leo

Ditto, Alva

Dixon, Clyde

Dixon, L. C.

Dimeo, Alvino

Dimetreab, Trentfellon

Dixon, Raleigh J.

Doctor, James

Dodge, Miles H.

Dolt, John W.

Donaher, Charles

Donaher, Charles

Donahue, William M.

Donahue, John F.

Donahue, William N.

Donhauser, George

Donhauser, Carl

Donhauser, Elmer C.

Donaldson, Stanley F.

Donhauser, Albert

Donovan, Alvin Alonzo

Donovan, M. G.

Donovan, Melvil

Donovan, Pete

Donsmove, Alonzo Sherman

Donnell, Clarence O.

Dooley, Wm. A.

Douglas, Frank

Downard, Lee W.

Downhour, Wilbur G.

Downey, Harmon

Downing, Hugh I.

Downing, Spencer D.

Downing, Berl Hanson

Downing, Curtis B.

Dozer, Hollis

Dubber, Albert

Duck, Guy O.

Du Fresne, Benj.

Dunaway, Russel L.

Duncan, Charlie A.

Duncan, Wm. D.

Dunnaway, Russel Lee

Dunnifon, Wm.

Dupes, Owen

Durenberger, A. F.

Dye, Chas. Herman

Dye, Maurice E.

Driver, Gale E.

Drake, Harley A.

Drake, Henry

Drennan, Charles A.

Drew, Grover

Driver, John Z.

Drivey, Francis

Drivey, Glenn

Duff, Floyd

Duffy, Joe

DuFresue, Charles Fred

Dull, Austin

Dull, Lester

Dull, Orville O.

Dumming Leo

Dunbar, Edwin

Dunion, William K.

Dunning, Joseph W.

Dunn, Richard H.

Dunn, Hubert

Dupes, Alfred

Dupler, Charles

Durbin, Jay P.

Durbin, Paul

Dyke, Walter E.

Dyner, William

Eager, Edwin H.

Eagone, Thomas

Eagy, Harry C.

Eagy, Oliver P.

Eakem, Fred D.

Earl, Harry B.

Earl, Vivian

Earl, Vivion

Easter, James M.

Edgecomb, Russell E.

Edgerton, Geo.

Edgington, Ray C.

Edwards, Alexander

Edwards, Carl

Edwards, Carl E.

Edwards, Norman

Edwards, Thomas E.

Eggerman, Jesse

Eglie, August

Ehlen, Jos. A.

Eichenlamb, Howard Francis

Eichenlamb, Walter

Eisenbach, Carl

Eisley, Edgar E.

Eicher, Albert

Eickenhorst, Wm.

Eickholt, Robt.

Eickholz, Cleo J.

Ekenwiler, John H.

Ekstrom, Carl L.

Ekstrom, Carl L.

Elder, M. E.

Elder, Noah J.

Elliott, Clyde E.

Elliot, Sidney C.

Ellis, Jno. R.

Ellis, Wm. P.

Elmes, Wm. G.

Ely, Glen

Emarling, Geo.

Emerson, Daniel

Emes, Frank W.

Enders, Wilbur L.

Engard, Frank

Englo, Fedele

Enqui, Jno.

Enslin, Erwin A.

Enzel, Joseph

Erb, Carl

Erchich, William Charles

Erich, Ciergun

Erickson, Lief

Erskin, William

Ervin, Harley E.

Eskridge, Robt.

Essex, Albert

Eslopsky, Wm.

Etgen, Frank

Etling, E. D.

Evans Carey V.

Evans, Daniel M.

Evans, Evan B.

Evans, Floyd

Evans, Homer Valentine

Dooley, William G.

Doolin, Mark H.

Doolittle, Warren

Dopse, Irwin J.

Dorcy. Meyer

Dormet, Frederick

Dotson, William H.

Doty, Chas.

Doty, Wilbur M.

Dougherty, Harry L.

Douglas, C. Edward

Vol. 1-30

Easter, James M.

Easton, George

Eaton, Harry

Ebbeskotter, A. S.

Ebbeskotter, A. H.

Eberele, Roy

Eberle, Clarence

Ebie, Mormon

Ebner, Edgar

Edey, Walter Scott

Edgecomb, Grover A.

Edgecomb, John W.

Evans, John A.

Evans, Louis G.

Evans, Robert

Edward Evans, Virgil

Edwin Evans, Weldon

Everett, Arthur Clair

Everett, Joyce

Evers, Herman G.

Eversole, Benj. Harrison

Eversole, John W.

Eversole, Virgil

Evick, Noble O:

466 - HISTORY OF ALLEN COUNTY

Evick, Orval Doit

Exline, Carey

Eyler, W. Leroy

Eysenbach, Carl F.

Faber, Wm. Clem

Fackler, Serge S.

Fair, Louis Edward

Falk, Harry

Falk, Harry W.

Falke, John

Falter, John B.

Falter, Jno. Bonedick

Fanchier, Wilbur

Farmer, Richard T.

Farnes, Lawrence

Farver, Lawrence

Faulkner, Bert

Faulkner, William

Faust, Earl

Fawver, Henry L.

Fawcett, Milo M.

Fawcett, Robt.

Feathers, Roy

Fedele, Angelo

Feeman, Robert L.

Feidhake, Edward M.

Fell, Joseph C.

Feltz, M. J.

Feltner, Emil Kieth

Fenelton, Ariss

Fennessey, Paul T.

Fennessey, Wm. Earl

Fennessey, Wm. Earl

Fergeson, Fred

Ferrell, Harold

Fess, Burr

Fess, Earl

Fess, Gerald C.

Fess, Harry

Feth, William A.

Fett, Call

Fett, Clais B.

Fett, Gerhardt

Fergerson, Ralph L.

Ferguson, Francis W.

Fennessy, James

Fennessy, Paul T.

Fickle, James T.

Fiedler, John P.

Fifen, Harley

Fitzgerald, Alphonse R

Fitzgerald, Edward F.

Fitzgerald, Edward Leo

Fitzgerald, James A.

Fitzgerald, Joseph R.

Fitzgerald, William F.

Fivehouse, Ira

Flager, Carl C.

Flager, Chas. Earl

Flanagan, J. E.

Fleming, Martin A.

Fleming, Wm. Garfield

Flemming, S. Dale

Fletcher, Jurimie

Flick, Joseph Henry

Flynn, Jos.

Fockler, Harry Charles

Fockler, Serge

Fodt, Harold

Fogel, Morris

Foger, Morris

Fogt, Harold W.

Foley, Carl E.

Foley, M. J.

Foos, Arthur L.

Ford, Albi

Ford, Clyde

Ford, Emmett Bartley

Ford, Fred

Ford, Geo. W.

Ford, Wm. H.

Forest. William

Fornefield, Aloysuis J.

Foss, Rosc Alex oe

Fossel, John

Fostes, D. S.

Fouie, Hilyard

Foulk, Ray H.

Foulkes, William Raymond

Foust, Virgil D.

Fowler, Lee Roy

Fox, Charles W.

Fox, Clyde V.

Fox, Orville Enos

France, Norman

Francis, F. J.

Francis, Oscar

Frank, Jas. L.

Franklin, Milo A.

Fraunfelter, Carl W.

Frederick, Alex

Friemoth, Frank

Friend, H. A.

Friend, I.

Fries, George W.

Frisinger, Oscar

Fritz, Clee

Fritz, Donald

Fritz, Henry I.

Fruchey, Clifford

Fruehey, Jos. Harrison

Frye, Leo

Fryer, Garland P.

Fryer, Harold

Frysinger, Fred

Fuelling, Ralph

Fullerton, Harry

Gaberdiel, A.

Gaberdiel, Norwin R.

Gagin, Thomas Edward

Gagin, Thos. E.

Gaiffe, Peter L.

Galberach, William H.

Gallant, William H,

Gallapool, C. Ralph

Gallaspie, Edward L.

Gallont, Charles J.

Galloway, Earl D.

Galloway, Ira

Gamble, Charles

Ganei, Jack

Garan, Sidney

Gardner, Granville

Gardner Ralph

Garlinger, Elzay

Garmatter, Calvin

Garner, Leslie

Garner, Leslie Sherman

Garner, Richard W.

Garrett, Charles R.

Garrett, Frank

Garrett, Frank Leslie

Garretson, Paul

Gardner, Harry

Gardner, Lee

Gardner, Paul S.

Garmatter, Harvey

Garrison, Earl

Garrison, Geo. W.

Gast, Benjamin F.

Gast, Dewey

Finkhouser, Russell R.

Finlay, Thomas L.

Fisher, Carl A.

Fisher, Frank S.

Fisher, Gale D.

Fisher, George B.

Fisher, Harland

Fisher, Howard J.

Fisher, John

Fisher, Marion V.

Fisher, Ralph

Fisher, Ray

Fisher, R. G.

Fisher, Rufs

Fisher, Vernon Arthur

Fisher, Wm.

Fisher, Wm. A.

Fisher, W. F.

Frederick, Owen A.

Fredrick, Herbert C.

Freeman, Henry

Freeman, Robert G.

French, Carl G.

Freshour, Dennis.

Freshowe, Dennis R.

Freund, John F.

Freund, Joseph

Freuns, Ed J.

Freushey, Clifford H.

Frey, E. F.

Frey, Herbert James

Frey, W. L.

Freytag, R. J.

Freytag, Walter

Frickenstein, Harvey

Gast, Emmit A.

Gast, Ferdinand A.

Gaus, Orville, Jr.

Geach, Harvey L.

Gehr, Walter

Gehring, Carl Kenneth

Geiger, Harry

Geiger, Homer H.

Geiger, Millen C.

Geiger, Pearl Levi

Geiger, Steiner

Geise, Arthur

Geise, Willis J.

Geiser, Walter A.

Gengler, Edward

George, Ferris F.

George, Homer

Gerdeman, Fred

HISTORY OF ALLEN COUNTY - 467

Gerstenlauer, Arthur C.

Gerstenlauer, Walter

Gerwells, Joseph W.

Gesler, Cleo

Gfell, Herbert

Ghlolston, Joseph

Gibbs, John

Giberson, Wm. McKinley

Gibson, Alvin A.

Gilbert, Harry E.

Gilbert, Harry J.

Gilden, Albert N.

Giles, Guthrie F.

Gilleland, Elmer Chas.

Gilmore, John J.

Githause, Ernest Chas.

Githens, Erenesh Charles

Gladden, Henry

Glick, Harvey A.

Glick, Paul R.

Gnaggi, Lawren C.

Gnagi, Al

Gnagi, Lauren C.

Gobel, Gail

Goberdiel, Norvin R.

Goebel, Lawrence L.

Goebel, Philips J.

Goedde, Felix S.

Goedder, Alfred L.

Goetz, William P.

Goff, Ben H.

Goff, Parl C.

Gogin, Thomas E.

Gohlston, Joseph

Goines, Ethelbert S.

Golden, Jos. A.

Good, Dewey

Good, Earl

Good, Harry Vernon

Goodenow, Ralph J.

Gooding, Joseph D,

Goodkouski, Benj.

Goodwin, James C.

Goodwin, Samuel C.

Goodwin, Walter

Gordon, Chas. R.

Gordon, Dill

Gordon, Edward

Gordon, Harold

Gordon, Harry

Gordon, Raymond L.

Gordon, Robt.

Grafton, Ward

Graham, Clayton K.

Graham, Harry

Graham, Robt.

Graham, Russel T.

Granger, Med H.

Grant, Harvey

Grant, Harvey S.

Grant, Orval

Grant, Orvil E.

Grant, Samuel

Gratz, Clarence

Gratz, Harvey

Gratz, Homer

Gratz, Levi O.

Gratz, L. O.

Gray, Roscoe

Gray, Elias Werst

Graysle, Charles B.

Grebh, Walter Chas.

Green, Alvin L.

Green, P. L.

Green, Robert

Green, Walter C.

Green, William S.

Greenberg, Herman

Greenfelder, Charlie

Greenland, Thomas W., Jr.

Gregart, Carl Harold

Greger, J. Wm.

Gregory, Charles M.

Gregory, Chas. M.

Gremling, Arnold

Grentman, Joseph F.

Greth, Albert

Gribben, Roy E.

Gribben, Roy E.

Griffith, Nlax

Grifrerd, Martin J.

Grimes, Deo

Grimm, William

Grisbaum, Leonard Daniel

Grismore, William M.

Grone, Frank

Grothons, George B.

Grove, Clarence H.

Grossard, Roy C.

Grothas, Charles

Grothaus, Bernard

Guyton, David B.

Habegger, Joe F.

Haberman, Martin

Hadell, William H.

Haege, Jacob H.

Haganhester, L.

Hageman, Fred

Hahn, Benjamin

Hahn, Donald

Haithock, Ernest C.

Haithock, Norval

Haithock, Warren C.

Halfhill, James Wood

Halfhill, James Wood, Jr.

Hall, Clifford

Hall, Clifford B.

Hall, Doit

Hall, Earl L.

Hall, Frank

Hall, Harry C.

Hall, Henry

Hall, Lyle F.

Haller Charles E.

Hallett, Delbert

Halloran, William

Halter, Bernet

Halter, Gale

Hamilton, Byron Lee

Hamilton, C. G.

Hamilton, Clarence

Hamilton, Edward

Hamilton, Russel Clifford

Hamilton, Russell E.

Hammer, Russel

Hammock, D.

Hampshire, Herbert Ward

Handcock, R. W.

Hanenstim, E. A.

Haner, Earnest G.

Haner, Herschel

Hanker, Wm. E.

Hanks, Corwin L.

Hanly, Evan A.

Hanley, Lionel

Hann, Wm.

Hanna, Clarence A.

Hanthorn, Harry E.

Hanthorn, Milton L.

Gordon, Virgil

Gorman, Charles

Gorman, James

Gorman, James W.

Gorman, Mike

Gorman, Thomas H.

Gorman, Thomas J. Jr.

Gorman, William N.

Gorsline, Don Earl

Gossard, Gwin

Gossard, Roy C.

Gost, Joseph F.

Gottfried, Calvin D.

Gounewald, Samuel Cooper

Grable, Ross E.

Gracely, A. L.

Grove, Adrian

Grove, Frank

Grubb, Jesse V.

Grubb, Walter

Gruenbaum, J.

Grunden, Walter

Grunden, Walter P.

Gudhlusky, Harry

Guegort, Carl H.

Guenther, Ernest

Guerin, Carl

Guger, William, Jr.

Guise, Clyde F.

Gulette, Francis J.

Gurhart, Carl H.

Guthrie, Wm.

Guthrie, William A.

Guyton, Clarence

Harbert Estle

Harboldt, Robert C.

Harbolt, Robert S.

Hardin, Clarence

Harding, J. J.

Harley, John A.

Harner, Oscar

Harnishfeger, Fred

Harper, Cloyd Westley

Harper, Frank

Harper, Glen Otis

Harper, Paul M.

Harper, Paul M.

Harper, R. R.

Harpster, Charles

Harpster, Walter Ray

Harpter, Roy

Harrie, Lamuel Richard

468 - HISTORY OF ALLEN COUNTY

Harrigan, Daniel

Harrigan, D. E.

Harrigan, Edward F.

Harrigan, Jerry E.

Harrigan, John E.

Harrington, Edw. Francis

Harris, Benj. F.

Harris, Charles H.

Harris, Everett

Harris, Floyd F.

Harris, Geo.

Harris, Glen

Harris, Harry

Harris, Orrin C.

Harris, Wallis B.

Harris, Walter

Harris, Wilbur M.

Harrison, Charles

Harrison, George

Harrison, George A.

Harrison, John Henry

Harrmann, Andrew

Harrod, Clarence

Harrod, Guy F.

Harrod, Leo Henry

Harrod, Leslie

Harrod, Rufus C.

Harrod, Victor E.

Harrop, Edward

Harshfield, Roy

Hart, John S.

Harter, Allen P.

Harter, Ben F.

Harter, Benj.

Harter, Chas.

Harter, Harold S.

Hartman, David

Hartman, David E.

Hartman, Manual

Hartnagle, Dr. George

Hartner, Earl

Hartzog, Ross

Hastings, Wilbur L.

Hatchet, Samuel B.

Hatfield, Earl Oscar

Hatfield, Owen F.

Hauenstein, Ray

Hauenstein, Waldo

Hauenstene, Armin H.

Haverstick, Martrn

Hawisher, Harold Henry

Hay, V. H.

Heffner, John

Heffner, Ralph

Heffner, Zennon

Heffner, Levi

Hefner, Ortho V.

Heil, Carl A.

Hein, Victor

Hefner, Robert Arthur

Heiser, Joe

Heisterman, Clarence F.

Heller, Clarence

Heller, Clarence W.

Heller, Clifford Daniel

Helmkamp, George A.

Helmkamp, Ofirmin

Helmkamp, Omer S.

Helmkamp, Richard

Helms, Francis B.

Helmstetter, Bernard L.

Helsel, Howard Helvers,

Henry R.

Hemeter, Luther W.

Hemme, Otto

Hennessy, Robert E.

Henry, Freeman

Henry, Freman

Henry, Joseph

Henry, Robert J.

Henry, William D.

Hensonstein, Ray

Herbert, I. E.

Here, Bryan

Herman, Carl H.

Herman, Carl H.

Hermann, Irwin C.

Herndon, Otis H.

Herrett, Lloyd

Herrman, Andrews

Herrman, Sylvan

Hersley, C.

Hess, Frank C.

Hesseling, C.

Hesser, Wilbur H.

Hessling, Harold H.

Hey, John W.

Hiatt, Herman

Hibbard, Burt

Hickey, Enos E.

Hickey, Leo H.

Hickman, Henry

Hiffer, Merlin G.

Higginbotham, John H.

Hilyard, Thadious L.

Himes, Harold B.

Hinkle, Errol Leo

Hirseland, Herbert E.

Hissong, Brice

Hissong, Paul

Hissong, Willard P.

Hitchcock, Don C.

Hitchcock, John

Hitchcock, Ray Lawrence

Hitchcock, Ulysses

Hitchcock, Wm. Pearl

Hitchens, David

Hoaglin, Nicholas

Hobart, Lewis

Hobensack, Harry W.

Hobensack, John E.

Hobensack, Lea

Hochothorn, Royal

Hochstetter, Paul

Hockenberry, A. B.

Hockenberry, Albert V.

Hockenberry, Clarence

Hodde, Harry L.

Hodding, Eugene

Hoff, Alfred H.

Hoffer, Grover A.

Hoffman, Arthur R.

Hoffman, Carl

Hoffman, Clarence E.

Hoffman, Lamont F.

Hofmann, Walter J.

Hogan, Thomas J.

Hohl, Harry

Hohl, Louis L.

Holden, Elmer E.

Holden, Richard V.

Holiday, Frank

Holloran, William, Jr.

Hollis, Orville B.

Holman, Chas.

Holman, Charles

Holman, Charles E.

Holman, Wade

Holman, Wayne

Holmes, Charles

Holmes, Lowell B.

Holmes, Delbert

Holmes, Elmer W.

Holmes, Oliver W.

Haymaker, W. G.

Haynes, Green

Haywood, Arthur M.

Headepohl, Coy L.

Heater, Clarence A.

Heath, Paul M.

Heck, Earl L.

Heckathorn, Royal J.

Heckman, Henry E.

Hedgecoth, H. H.

Hedges, Clarence

Hedges, Clarence B.

Heerman, Carl H.

Heffner, Edgar H.

Heffner, Erminie

Heffner, Ermine H.

Higgins, Maurice F.

Higgins, Paul R.

Hight, Clarence

Hildbold, Harry E.

Hildreth, Harold

Hill, Geo. Alden

Hill, Isaac Newton

Hillard, Darius

Hiller, Auther

Hiller, Roland Stover

Hillesy, Walter A.

Hilliard, Albert

Hillman, William

Hilvers, H. A.

Hilyard, Irvin

Hilyard, Louis I.

Hilyard, Milton Arthur

Holmes, Ray E.

Holmes, Roger H.

Holtslaw, Clyde C.

Humer, Brenton Frank

Homer, George

Homer, Harry

Hood, Homar

Hook, Miles Edgar

Hooker, Alonzo O.

Hooker, Albert C.

Hooker, Dewey

Hooks, Abraham

Hoon, Carl

Hoop, Horachel

Hooper, Glen ).

Hooper, Harry F.

Hooper, Wallace D.

Hoorigan, Jerome

HISTORY OF ALLEN COUNTY - 469

Hoover, Albert C.

Hoover, Benj.

Hoover, Freeman B.

Hoover, Jacob

Hoover, Virgil N.

Hopper, Lee P.

Horner, Harry

Hosler, Earl L,

Hott, Charles Hughes

Hotz, Alfred Joe

Hotz, Sylvester

Houx, Clarence Elbert

Hover, Claude W.

Hover, Fred Rex

Hover, Freeman B.

Hover, Howard Reed

Hover, Virgil W.

Hover, Wilbur W.

Hover, William H.

Howard, H. W.

Howard, Joseph E.

Howard, Lawrence

Howard, Ralph G.

Howard, S.

Howell, Albert

Howell, Larney H.

Howell, Loman D.

Howell, Sim

Hoyne, Francis Carl

Hoyng, George

Hoyt, Benj.

Hubbard, William J.

Huber, C. M.

Huber, Harry Roscoe

Hubert, J. E.

Hubert, I. E.

Hudson, Clifford

Hudson, Cliffors

Huffer, G. W.

Huffer, Merlin G.

Huggins, Dan

Hughes, Charles M.

Hughes, Elmer

Hughes, George O.

Hughes, Harry L.

Hughes, Wm. Floyd

Hughson, R. E.

Hulbert, Chandler

Hull, Clifford

Hull, Floyd Francis

Hullinger, Jerry C.

Hume, Frank H.

Humer, Brenton Frank

Hurl, Geo. F.

Hurlbert, Roy

Huser, Clifford E.

Huser, Martin G.

Hussey, Clinton W.

Hutchins, Joseph T.

Hutchins, John

Hutchinson, Thurmon

Hutchinson, William T.

Hutchison, Wm. Arthur

Hydaker, Ralph

Hydaker, W. L.

Hyer, John Snider

Hyre, Walter G.

Hyter, Ernest H.

Icpah, Daniel Joe

Iler, Charles

Imbers, Edmond

Imbers, Gilbert

Imes, Frank M.

Ingledue, Ernest

Ingledue, Ralph E.

Ireland, Paul F.

Irick, Leo

Irwin, Earl H.

Irwin, Glen W.

Irvin, Harry L.

Irwin, Ralph

Isham, Carl M.

Jackman, William W.

Jackson, Andrew

Jackson, Emmett J.

Jackson, H. O.

Jackson, Orval

Jackson, Richard

Jackson, Verice

Jackson, Walter

Jackson, William

Jacobs, Andrew

Jacobs, Carl F.

Jacobs, Edwin R.

Jacobs, Paul Cloyd

Jacobs, Ruben H.

Jacobs, William S.

James, H.

James, Howard

James, Jesse

Jamis, Virgil Irwin

Jansen, La Ferne

Jay, Clyde W.

Johnson, Archie

Johnson, Charles H.

Johnson, Clement O.

Johnson, C. R.

Johnson, Edward

Johnson, Ernest W.

Johnson, Ersie M,

Johnson, Frank

Johnson, Fred W.

Johnson, Harry E.

Johnson, Henry J.

Johnson, James T.

Johnson, Joe

Johnson, J. R.

Johnson, Nicholas

Johnson, Paul

Johnson, O. A.

Johnson, Orval G.

Johnson, Ralph

Johnson, Robert E.

Johnston, Charles H.

Johnston, Dan

Johnston, Homer W.

Johnston, J. E.

Johnston, Joseph B.

Johoske, A. E.

Jokutis, Joseph

Jolly, Clide

Jones, Andrew B.

Jones, Arthur

Jones, Arthur G.

Jones, Arthur T.

Jones, A. L.

Jones, Daniel Austin

Jones, Delbert

Jones, Don A.

Jones, Edwin E.

Jones, Joseph

Jones, McKinley

Jones, Morgan P.

Jones, Ralph E.

Jones, Richard A.

Jones, Richard E.

Jones, Robert L.

Jones, Roscoe D.

Jones, Russel

Jones, Thos. Gordon

Jones, Walter W.

Jones, William A.

Jordon, Jos.

Jordan, Joseph

Jordan, Raymond W.

Hummel!, Charles R.

Hummer, Raymond D.

Hummer, Walter N.

Humphrey, Lawrence

Humpolick, John

Hunt, Fred C.

Hunt, Fremont G.

Hunt, Greece C.

Hunt, John W.

Hunt, Roy C.

Hunter, Bruce

Hunter, Edwin J.

Hunter, Gayle

Hulbert, Eugene

Humpers, Arthur

Hurd, William E.

Jay, Francis

Jay, Harold M.

Jeffries, Claude

Jenkins, Reid S.

Jenner, Ben

Jenning, H. L.

Jenning, Herbert Thos.

Jennings, Earl F.

Jennings, Gale

Jett, Walton

Jettinghof, E. R.

John, Afren A.

John, Walter L.

Johns, Glenn V.

Johns, R. L.

Johns, Ralph Leroy

Johnson, Andrew

Jordano, Phillip

Joseph, Molie

Joseph, Trentnen

Joy, Francis W.

Juddy, Homer M.

Juddy, Russell J.

Judkins, Isaac F.

Judkins, J. W.

Judkins, Marion D.

Judy, Homer W.

Judy, Ronould

June, Alvin B.

June, Orrin A.

June, Owen

Justice, Enos E.

Justin, Robt.

470 - HISTORY OF ALLEN COUNTY

Kahler, McK. H.

Kaltembach, Max

Kamerer, Carl E.

Kanakal, Franklin J.

Kanawal, Cleveland

Kanawel, John

Kandert, A.

Kannady, Bernard

Kaplan, Jacob

Karia, Mike

Karsh, Leonard

Katsabrickio, George

Kaufman, Cloyes W.

Kaufman, Norbert

Kaundert, Alfred

Kaverenan, Aloysius W.

Kaverman, Martin F.

Kearney, Ralph C.

Keck, Commodore

Keck, O.

Keefe, Jesse

Kees, William H.

Keeling, Harry

Keith, Chester Chas.

Kehres, Roman

Keiber, Earl W.

Keipper, Charles Homer

Kelbley, George

Kellerman, John W.

Keller, Antony

Keller, Hobart A.

Keller, Jacob L.

Kelley, Patrick H.

Kelly, Arthur R.

Kelly, Bert

Kelly, Clyde H.

Kemmer, Paul

Kemmer, Robert D.

Kemph, Theodore George

Kempher, George R.

Kendrick, Charles

Kendrick, R. W.

Kennedy, Elwood

Kennedy, Frank

Kennedy, Frank C.

Kennedy, John W.

Kennedy, Miller Ervin

Kennedy, Ray G.

Kennedy, Owen B.

Kennedy, William H.

Kennedy, William L.

Kennel, Elmer

Kenneway, Arthur

Kerin, Michael

Kerr, Robert K.

Keve, Clarence D.

Keville, John

Ki dney, William O.

Kidd, Guy F.

Kies, Edmond P.

Kies, Raymond

Kieswetter, Ed

Kihm, A. G.

Kill, Albert N.

Kihm, Alphred N.

Kill, Richard J.

Killian, Julius W.

Killgore, Dale

Killoran, James Ralph

Kilmausky, John

Kimball, Roy

Kimble, William Ray

Kimbull, Ora E.

Kimmet, William M.

Kimmey, Harold

Kimp, J. Richard

King, Carl

King, Chester

King, Cloyd

King, Cornelius Robert

King, Edwin L.

King, Frank

King, George K.

King, George W.

King, Harold

King, Rev. James Normon

King, J. J.

King, John

King, Milton

King, Minor

King, Minor Charles

Kirby, Howard

King, Robert C.

King, Robert C.

King, William E.

Kinsey, Raymond

Kipker, Will

Kirfacofe, Harry

Kirkpatrick, Walter

Kiser, George I.

Kitchen, Gilbert Leroy

Klapp, George W.

Klapper, William

Klausing, John A.

Klauso, Arthur

Klauss, Arthur

Klay, Harry James

Klay, Rene

Klay, Walter S.

Klinger, C. H.

Klinger, Antle Roscoe

Klinger, Clyde

Klinger, Virgil

Klinier, Joseph G.

Knapke, Frank J.

Knapp, Eugene

Knapp, O. R.

Knapps, Cliff R.

Knerr, John S.

Knisely, Alan F.

Knipe, Leonard

Knisely, Virgil M.

Knittle, Orlo G.

Knoble, Warren

Knoch, Dallas

Knoefel, B. A.

Koehl, Frank

Koelsmith, John

Kohl, Val

Kohler, Harry Lee

Kohmen, Charles

Kohn, Walter

Kolbley, George

Kolter, Mark H.

Koltsmeth, Earl O.

Koontz, Edgar

Korb, Herman

Korn, Elmer G.

Korteight, Sherman

Kos, Alex Waite

Kosmer, Peter

Kozlowski, Antony Joseph

Kramer, William W.

Kramer, Lester F.

Kramer, Philip H.

Kramer, Simon O.

Krause, Noah

Kreigel, Raymond S.

Kreitriski, Joseph

Krend, Frank Martin

Krendle, Martin

Krick, John S.

Krick, William L.

Krickenberger, Custer Franklin
Krickenberger, Custer Franklin

Kriscamp, John W.

Kriscamps, Andy

Krofft, Dellas N.

Krouse, Noah A.

Krutsch, Kenneth B.

Kersker, Webb

Kersting, A. V.

Kershaw, Joe S,

Kesler, Carl C.

Kesler, Charles

Kesler, Charles Laverne

Kesler, Charles E.

Ketcleam, John F.

Ketchum, John

Ketchum, John F.

Kettle, Charles

Kettlewell, Harry E.

Kettlewell, Homer Chas.

Klein, Charles H.

Kleinseder, Wesley

Kleva, Frank

Klevorn, Medard

Kline, Charles H.

Kline, Harry W.

Kline, Russel

Kline, William M.

Klute, Herbert

Kline, Alfred E.

Kline, James

Kline, John F.

Kline, Joseph G.

Klinefelter, William J.

Kundert, Benjamin

Kundert, Carl

Kunsey, Raymond A.

Kurfman, G. Dane

Labintz, Albert

Labeeuw, John

Lacey, Ernest

Lacey, John G.

Lackey, Harley G.

Ladden, James Charles

Ladier, Otto M.

Lake L. L.

Laman, Dewey A.

Laman, Merlyn

HISTORY OF ALLEN COUNTY - 471

Laman, Thomas C.

Lambert, Homer F.

Lambert, H. Oliver

Lanahan, John R.

Lanahan, John R.

Lanbach, Hiram

Lance, Clarence Lewis

Landes, William F.

Landick, Albert G.

Landick, Alfred

Landis, William

Laney, Thomas G., Jr.

Lang, Carl A.

Lang, Henry Armandas

Lang, Homer B.

Lang, John

Lang, Raymond G.

Lange, Oce

Langman, Fred H.

Langmeier, Fred H.

Langon, John

Lanbach, Forrest H.

Lanbach, Hiram F.

Lanbach, Howard E.

Langomeyer, E. C.

Lanse, Edward

Larka, Earl L.

Larson, Benjamin

Lassiter, Fred

Lathrop, Clyde Byron

Lattin, Edward J.

Latty, Thomas Edward

Lauck, J.

Laughlin, Michael

Lause, Edward

Laws, Hamilton F.

Lawson, Guy

Lawson, Russel

Lawrence, Charles

Lawrence, Clarence

Lay, John O.

Lee, Clarence E.

Lee, Enos E.

Lee, Harry J.

Lee, Orid D.

Leedy, Clyde

Leedy, Frank

Leedom, Carl

Leesy, Clyde W.

Leeth, Porter Jay

Leffel, Harry

Leffel, Wilbur M.

Leffler, Ambrose E.

Leffler, Herbert F.

Leslie, Baseil

Lester, Carl

Lepley, Lynn E.

Lepley, Lynes E.

Leppla, Leonard E.

LeValley, Myrle

Leveck, Arlie

Leverett, Joseph

Levine, Charles

Levy, Emil

Lewis, Alexander Harry

Lewis, George

Lewis, Hobart Horace

Lewis, Ira L.

Lewis, Rowland

Liang, John

Lierance, Guy E.

Liff, Nathan

Lightbill, A. D.

Lillie, Elmer

Limbert, Albert B.

Lincoln, R. A.

Lindeman, Leo

Linderman, Eugene S.

Linderman, John A.

Linderman, Roy M.

Line, Kent

Linson, Robert

Lipps, Clarence A.

Lipps, R. L.

Lisk, Henry J.

Lisk, Orville

Loberidge, Lawrence A.

Lobnitz, Albert J.

Locker, Homer

Lockhard, Earl A.

Lochhead, Fred

Loescher, Fred

Loney, Thomas George

Long, A. J.

Long, C. L.

Long, Dallas

Long, Glen

Long, Harry E.

Long, Homer V.

Long, Joseph

Long, Oran

Long, Oscar

Longemeyer, Theodore Fred

Looker, Warren C.

Lossiter, Fred L,

Lough, Charles V.

Love, Nathaniel

Luersman, Albert J.

Lugabill, Clarence

Luginbull, Oscar

Lusk, Lee

Lusk, Truffle Charles

Lutterbein, Ben H.

Lutz, Irwin Henry

Lybarger, Russel

Lyle, Homer V.

Lynch, Lloyd J.

Lyons, Alonzo

McBride, Donald

McBride, Howard Richard

McBride, Leir

McCarthy, Harold Earle

McCarthy, Paul James

McCarty, D.

McCarty, James W.

McCarty, John

McCarty, Leroy C.

McCauley, Reid O.

McClain, Charles E., Jr,

McClain, Elmer

McClain, Lewis A.

McClaren, Sylvester

McClaren, Wm. B., Jr.

McClintock, Raymond E.

McClintock, Rouson D.

McClish, Edward

McClure, Harold J.

McClure, Homer

McClure, James D.

McCluer, Orval

McConehey, Harry E.

McConehey, James

McConnell, Ray

McCormick, William H.

McCoy, Dale

McCoy, Elijah

McCoy, Gale A.

McCracken, David

McDermitt, Clinton

McDermott, John Frank

McDonald, E.

McDonald, Leo J.

McDonnel, Duncan

McDonnell, James A.

McElroy, Harold C.

McFaden, Albert D.

McFarland, Raymond F.

McGee, Peter

McGee, Peter W.

Lehman, Edward

Lehman, Gustav A.

Lehman, Menno I.

Lehman, Milton S.

Leidner, Raymond A.

Leidy, Frank

Leist, Delbert N.

Leist, Ernest

Leith, Oliver M.

Lendleboch, Alphonse

Leonard, Leppla

Leonard, Noble R.

Leppla, Wilbert B.

Lerch, Arthur

Lerch, Edison

Lovejoy, Albert

Loveridge, James Arthur

Loveridge, Lawrence A.

Loy, Elmer W.

Loy, Ernest S.

Loy, C. W.

Lubach, Walter H.

Lucci, Sigmund

Luchini, Anthony

Lucius, Ed C.

Ludeman, Lea A.

Ludwig, Fred Jacob

Ludwig, Merwin S.

Ludwig, Otto C.

Ludwig, R. B.

McGinnis, Donald

McGinnis, Elvie E.

McGinnis, L.

McGinnis, Marion G.

McGinnis, Robert H.

McGovern, Lester M.

McGue, Ebbie

McGuire, David

McGuire, David F.

McGuire, Lloyd W.

McKee, Emmett V.

McKee, Earnest V.

McKenney, Clement

McKenzie, Donald

McKenzie, Glen L.

472 - HISTORY OF ALLEN COUNTY

McKenzie, William

McKercher, Manford

McKibben, Walter

McKinney, Emery E.

McKinney, R. H.

McKnivon, R. E.

McLoughlin, Herman

McMillin, Grover

McMillin, Ortho

McMillen, W. Ross

McNamara, Earl

McNamara, Leroy

McNamara, William P.

McNeff, Bernerd M.

McPheron, Ralph

McPheron, William

McPheron, William J.

McQuade, John

McReynolds, Sherman

McWilliams, Ivan C.

McWilliams, William

Mack, Benidict

Mack, Chester E.

Mack, Earl C.

Mack, Frank M.

Mack, John C.

Madigan, Gerald

Madory, L. G.

Magner, Vern Leroy

Maham, James W.

Maham, Tracy Melvern
Mahlmeister, John

Mahney, Fa.

Mahoney, Timothy James

Maione, Paul

Main, Herbert D.

Maker, Templet

Makin, Clyde S.

Makin, Herbert D.

Makin, Lloyd

Makin, Russell E.

Makras, John P.

Makros, John P.

Males, Earl

Mallet, Clarence

Malley, James

Malley, Robert E.

Mallone, Frederick

Maloney, Leonard

Mandary, Arnold

Mandary, Roscoe

Mandery, Edward

Manion, Thomas

Manion, Thomas J.

Marrion, Thomas

Marriott, Edgar L.

Mars, Dock Stewart

Marshall, Carl B.

Marshall, Harry J.

Marshall, Herbert

Marshall, Ralph

Mart, George B.

Martin, George B„

Martin, Arthur

Martin, Daniel

Martin, Joseph G.

Martin, Virgil W.

Martin, Wickard Biler

Martin, Willard L.

Martin, W. W.

Martz, Harry

Martin, N.

Marvin, Clarence F.

Mason, August

Mason, S. Glenn

Massman, Ralph G.

Masterpole, August

Masterpole, Henry

Masterpole, Joseph

Masterson, Porter C.

Masterson, Timothy Dewitt

Matchette, Marion Edmond

Mathews, Ross U.

Mathews, Walter J.

Matonio, Zu A.

Matson, Floyd

Matson, Leo C.

Matter, Marvin

Matthews, Ralph

Matthews, Rex A.

Matthews, W. J.

Mattingly, Charles J.

Matthias, Hermon E.

Matthias, Edwin P.

Mauck, John Henry

Mauges, George W.

Maund, Richard

Maurer, Emil J.

Mauere, Emil J.

Mauer, Frank P.

Mauer, Frederick George

Mauk, Edward

Maus, Roy

Maus, Victor C.

May, Chester L.

Mayer, Lawrence

Meeks, Walter C.

Meeks, Walter C.

Mefford, Earl H.

Mefford, Robert W.

Mefford, Von L.

Megahey, George Earl

Megrove, Frank

Mehaffey, Donald B.

Mehaffey, William H.

Meineo, Paul

Meines, Paul

Mell, Nile

Melon, James

Menger, Walter G.

Mentzer, Forrest E.

Meo, Albena

Mercer, Frank H.

Mercer, H. P.

Merchant, M.

Mericle, Jacob F.

Mericle, Merl L.

Merkle, Joseph P.

Merricle, Frank

Mescher, Joseph

Mescher, Richelieu

Mesker, Henry

Mesker, J. A.

Messinger, Moses

Messinger, Noah D.

Messino, John

Metcalf, Clyde

Metcalf, Glen L.

Metcalf, Ted

Metzger, Arthur G.

Metzer, Lester

Metzger, Lester

Metzger, Leo

Metzger, Peter

Meuhlbauer, Carl

Mey, Leo

Meyer, Charles R.

Meyers, Merle M.

Michael, Leonard L.

Michael, Walter

Michel, Orvil

Miehls, Albert L.

Miles, E. F.

Miles, Harry

Miller, Alfred

Miller, Andrew

Miller, Arthur M.

Miller, Carl

Miller, Charles B.

Miller, Charles E.

Manker, Walter Enos

Mann, Maurice

Mann, Rolla F.

Mann, Rollie F.

Manzelli, Andrew

Marketter, Theodore George

Mark, Hobart

Marks, Raymond

Marks William Adolphius

Markess, John P.

Marmon, Robert

Marrier, Raymond

Maxwell, Charles

Maxwell, Levi M.

May, Gerald N.

May, Mortmer

May, William

Mayberry, Robert J.

Mayer, Charles R.

Mayer, David Fensler

Mayer, Frederick

Mayoletter, Frank

Meals, Edward

Medaugh, Russel H.

Meeker, Henry

Meekins, Arthur

Meeks, Edward

Miller, Charles George

Miller, Clayton

Miller, Clifford R.

Miller, David H.

Miller, Dewey

Miller, Dewey E.

Miller, Donald

Miller, Dwight

Miller, Dwight

Miller, Earl

Miller, Edgar Virgil

Miller, Edward

Miller, Edward

Miller, Edward T.

Miller, Edwin Franklin

HISTORY OF ALLEN COUNTY - 473

Miller, Eugene E.

Miller, Ferd F.

Miller, Ferdinand Frank

Miller, Frank

Miller, Gailord S.

Miller, Guy

Miller, Harold A.

Miller, Harry F.

Miller, Hobart C.

Miller, Homer

Miller, H. D.

Miller, Jacob

Miller, J. C.

Miller, Jesse C.

Miller, J. E.

Miller, LeRoy E.

Miller, Lester E.

Miller, Lewis C.

Miller, Louis W.

Miller, Marcus Clement

Miller, Park Richard

Miller, Paul J.

Miller, Ray D.

Miller, Robert

Miller, Robert Frederick

Miller, Roscoe

Miller, Sam L.

Miller, Simeon L.

Miller, Thomas R.

Miller, Walter C.

Miller, Ward A.

Miller, Wendell E.

Miller, William N.

Miller, William O.

Miller, Winfield

Miller, W. E.

Miller, W. J.

Miller, William L.

Mills, Charles

Mills, Orville Henry

Mindy, Andrew P.

Mines, Clyde

Minor, James Harrison

Missar, Andrew

Mitchell, Charles E.

Mitchell, Floyd L.

Mitchell, Harold Roe

Mitchell, W. D.

Mocomiaza

Moell, William C.

Moening, Alfred J.

Moffett, J. M.

Mohr, Robert William

Molsher, Reed

Monaghan, Michael J.

Moore, Claude

Moore, Frank C.

Moore, Guy H.

Moore, James A,

Moore, Noble

Moore, Preston

Moore, William G.

Moorhead, Alva

Moorehead, Dudley

Moorman, Albert

Moorman, Harold

Moorman, Titus E.

Moorman, William G.

Moorman, William J.

Moorman, William J.

Moorman, Ray

Moorman, Fred Fay

More, Herbert L.

Morehead, John P.

Morehead, Virgil A.

Morehouse, Sylvester

Moreo, Lawrence

Morey, Jay Dewey

Morey, Rex B.

Morford, W. J.

Morgli, Carl

Morgon, Fred P.

Morman, H. D.

Morris, Albert

Morris, Andrew

Morris, Bert

Morris, Byron R.

Morris, Joseph E.

Morris, Joseph E.

Morris, Noland

Morris, Omer Daniel

Morris, Oscar

Morris, William R.

Morrison, Guy

Morrison, Joe L.

Morrison, Joseph

Morrison, Oral C.

Morrison, Richard S.

Morrison, William F.

Morse, G. B.

Morsman, Allen

Mort, George B.

Morton, Earl

Morton, W.

Morton, Clifford M.

Morton, Ralph

Morton, R. E.

Mortz, Vernon Wilbur

Moser, Duett L.

Mueller, William

Mulchay, Alfred J.

Mulcahay, Thomas A.

Mulhall, Dennis

Mullen, Henry

Mulligan, L. A.

Mulligan, Thomas E.

Mumaugh, Hobart M.

Mumaugh, Paul

Mumper, Charles R.

Muntz, Maurice

Muntz, Maurice W.

Murdock, George Copper

Murphy, Claude

Murphy, James B.

Murphy, Martin

Murray, Andrew P.

Murray, C. A.

Murray, E.

Murray, Everett C.

Murray, Emmett J.

Murray, Frank

Murray, J. E.

Murray, Milton

Murray, Robert

Murray, Tom

Murschel, Arthur G.

Musselman, Leslie

Myers, Alvin

Myers, Daniel Frank

Meyers, John

Myers, Joseph D.

Myers, Merle Malcolm

Myers, V.

Myers, W. Victor

Naftzger, Ray B.

Nantz, Ira D.

Naples, Thomas

Nastos, Fred G.

Naus, Grawille L.

Nausbaum, Pharus

Neal, Elmer James

Neeley, Carl

Neely, Harold W.

Neely, J. Eugene

Neely, James

Neely, William H.

Neese, William Albert

Neff, Dwight L.

Nehr, Bernard F.

Neidemire, H. L.

Moneer, Frank

Moneer, Frank

Moneer, Frank M.

Monighan, George L.

Monoghan, Michael J.

Monroe Bert

Monroe, Basil J.

Monroe, Earl

Monroe, O. M.

Monroe, Orville V.

Monroe, T.

Monrosis, Frank

Montague, Thos.

Mook, Melvin Allison

Moser, Dwett

Moser, H. O.

Moser, Leo

Motter, Dudley Harrison

Motter. Marvin

Moubray, Clarence W.

Moubrey, O. H.

Mouer, John

Moun, Ralph F.

Mounts, James L.

Mouser, Harry D.

Mowery. Dana

Moyer, I. B.

Moyer, Scott

Muehlbauer, Carl

Neidhardt, Ralph E.

Neiseander, Walter Kaufman

Neliugall, William H.

Nelson, Carl L.

Nelson, Jackson

Nelson, John S.

Nelson, Omnan

Nelson, William H.

Nelson, William H.

Nesta, Antonio

Neubrecht, Frank

Neubrecht, Rupert H.

Neuemschwand, Revel C.

Neuenswander, Lloyd

Neuman, H. R.

474 - HISTORY OF ALLEN COUNTY

Neuman, R. C.

Neumier, Edmond

Neville, Carl H.

Newbold, Thomas

Newcomb, Albert

Newcomb, George Dewey

Newcomer, Harry

Newcomer, Otto

Newhorter, Charles E.

Newland, Leroy

Newland, Walter W.

Newman, John O.

Newman, Otis

Newman, Roscoe R.

Newmier, Carl A.

Newsome, Hugh

Newton, Charles

Niaman, Will F.

Nicholos, Louis

Nichols, Clarence

Nicoleto, John H.

Niemeyer, Joseph

Niswander, Ed

Niswander, Ruhl

Noble, Walter A.

Nohle, Will O.

Nolan, Bernard

Nolan, Victor S.

Northrup, Neal

Norton, William H.

Norwood, Harry

Nueman, John B.

Nuemchwand, Hiram

Nukes, Henry

Null, James Edward

Nusbaum, Albert

Nusbaum, Leonard

Nusbaum, Phares

Nusbaum, Willis

Nuss, Andy

Nuss, Elmer A.

Nye, Fred

Nye, W. R.

Oberley, M. C.

O'Boyle, Daniel J.

O'Brien, George O.

O'Brien, Raymond T.

O'Brien, William

O'Connell, D. M.

O'Connell, William J.

O'Conner, J. H.

O'Conner, Michael

O'Conner, William B,

O'Conner, William D.

O'Donnell, Melvin

Oehlhof, George

Oehlof, William

Oglevie, I. H.

Ohler, Orman Everett

Ohler, Parm

Ohler, Willard P.

O'Keefe, Martin

O'Keele, Morris

Oliver, R. S.

O'Malley, Walter

O'Neill, E. E.

O'Neill, D. J.

O'Neill, Harry

O'Neill, M. A.

O'Neill, Patrick

O'Neill, R. O.

Orr, John Logan

Orwig, Ralf

Osborn, J. S.

Osborn, Love

Osman, C. B.

Osman, R. E.

Ostendore, Joseph

Ostendorf, Joseph

Otto, William

Overholtz, Clyde

Overholtz, Frank

Overholtz, Harry

Overholtz, James Edwin

Overly, Lloyd

Owens, Richard

Page, Joseph

Pahsman, John

Paiclain, Vincent Emil

Painter, Albert D.

Painter, Levi J.

Page, Ben

Palmer, Ralph

Palum, Oscar

Pappas, John

Pardy, Morgan R.

Parent, V. W.

Parish, Alfred

Parker, Fred M.

Parker, Homer A.

Parker, Homer Elmer

Parker, Loyd

Parker, Oliver

Parks, Floyd D.

Parks, Gale D.

Parks, Otis A.

Parks, O. L.

Patton, William Henry

Patts, Walter

Paulding, Samuel

Pauley, Owen

Paulos, Pete

Payne, Mathew

Pearce, Arthur

Pears, Robert Michell

Pearson, Elias H.

Pearson, Harry C.

Pearson, Raymond A.

Peck, Raymond W.

Peltier, Kenneth S.

Peltier, R.

Pellegrini, Erimlio

Pellegrini, Fred

Pellegrini, J. J.

Peltier, Glenn S.

Pendleton, E.

Penny, Edward

Penny, Russel

Pennypacker, Matter M.

Pennypacker, Neilluer M.

Pennypacker, Wilbur M.

Pentenbing, John J.

Pepiot. Adam C.

Pepple, Wilbur

Percy, Perry E.

Perrins, M. N.

Perry, John

Peters, Carl F.

Peters, Geo. C.

Petrochilos, Panagiotis

Pfaff. George James

Pfeifer Harry

Pfeifer, H. C.

Pfeiffer, Albert

Pfeiffer, Clayton

Pfeister, Otto

Pfeister, Ernest A.

Phalen, J. R.

Phalen, William Henry

Philips, E. L.

Phillips, Albert

Phillips, Charles Wesley

Phillips, Frank Lesley

Pholman, Henry F.

Pickering, Edward

Pickering, Elmer

Pieraccini, Ralph

Pierce, John Grill

Pierstoff, Rolland F.

Pierstorff, Roland F.

O'Connor, Austin E.

O'Connor, Elmer V.

O'Connor, Leonard

O'Connor, Patrick J.

O'Connor, Peter E.

O'Day, J. D.

O'Day, Thomas

Odenweller, A. L.

Odenweller, Leo

Odenweller, Ray

O'Doller, Clarence

O'Donnell, Clarence

O'Donnell, M. A.

Parmenter, George L.

Parr, Walter Lee

Parrott, Harry B.

Paterson, Clarence C.

Paterson, Roy

Patrick, Lawrence

Patterson, David A.

Patterson, John

Patterson, John A.

Patterson, Vernon E.

Patterson, R. W.

Patton, Dean

Patton, Don F.

Patton, Gail Rhinehart

Patton, John Ed

Pine, Robert

Pine, Robert P.

Pinto, Frank

Piper, G. E.

Pittington, Milo

Pittington, Milow

Place, Arthur L.

Place, Bernard W.

Place, George S.

Plate, Francis Prophet

Plate, Robert

Plaughey, Lee Roy

Plaughey, Gilbert

Plescher, Edw.

Pletcher, James F.

Pletcher, John

HISTORY OF ALLEN COUNTY - 475

Pletcher, John F.

Plikerd, Glen V.

Poage, Howard W.

Pohlrhan, August

Pohlman, Carl Louis

Pohlman, Geo. B.

Pohlman, Henry F.

Pohlman, Hugh C.

Point, Carl

Point, D. O.

Point, S.

Poling, James B.

Pollock, Clarence A.

Pollock,. John

Polter, John Austin

Poorman, Jesse Lewis

Porter, Frank

Porter, Harry

Porter, F. L.

Porter, John W.

Porter, Leo

Porter, W. E.

Post, Clarence

Potts, Walter

Potter, Donald Dudley

Potter, John A.

Potter, M. Austin

Potter, Wilbur

Potter, Wilbur W.

Powell, Dallas K.

Powell, Glen S.

Powell, John H.

Powell, John M.

Powell, Victor

Powell, Willard Chilton

Pratt, Chester

Pratt, George L.

Press, Carl Herman

Preston, Demorest

Preston, Ferd N.

Prevett, Lee

Price, James B.

Priestep, Carl P.

Priestof, William

Priliman, Cloyd H.

Propst, Thomas Russel

Protsman, George Earl

Provo, Herbert

Prummell, Lee Russel

Prusa, Joe P.

Pryor, John Edmond

Puetz, Howard D.

Pugh, A. B.

Pugh, Raymond

Pugh, Roy N.

Radebaugh, William

Rahrig, G. O.

Rahrig, Edward

Rahrig, Isidor H.

Raines, James

Rainwater, Bert A.

Ralston, Chas A.

Ralston, Clarence Albert

Ralston, Walter S.

Rambler, Chas.

Ramsdell, Reed

Ramsey, John Wellington

Ramsey, Rolla Ray

Ramsey, Wm.

Randolph, Albert F.

Rank, Walter I.

Ransbottom, Orley W.

Ranson, Miller J.

Rapp, Harry M.

Rasch, Clarence M.

Rauh, Walter Q.

Rause, Joseph

Rawson, M. J.

Reabhere, Roy

Reagan, Edward

Ream, Harry B.

Reed, A. R.

Reed, Clarence R.

Reed, Ernest

Reed, John H.

Reed, Otto E.

Reed, R. W.

Reed, Walter B.

Reed, Walter F.

Reed, Clarence W.

Rees, Jay

Reese, Edward G.

Reese, Howard Charles

Reese, W. H.

Reeves, Floyd M.

Reeves, H. M.

Reeves, Robert R.

Reeves, Virgil D.

Reeves, Wilbur R.

Redenour, Jacob

Regan, Edward T.

Reichard, Chas. R.

Reicheldefer, C. B.

Reichenbach, Henry

Reid, Clarence Roy

Reid, Glen Foster

Rettlewell, Harry E.

Reuggeri, Cono

Rex, C. G.

Reynolds, Charles

Reynolds, Homer D.

Rhea, F.

Rhoades, Russell

Rhoda, Carl H.

Rhodes, William Clyde

Rhodes, William Daniel

Rice, Carl

Rice, J. A.

Rice, Ora R.

Rich, Ernest

Richards, Charles Dale

Richardson, Frank

Richardson, Grover C.

Richardson, Howard E.

Richardson, John Elza

Richardson, Miles

Richenbaugh, A. J.

Richenlaub, Howard

Richerds, Alfred H.

Richmond, Miles S.

Rick, James R.

Rickert, Abram M.

Rickert, Hubert

Ricketts, Virgil A.

Ricketts, James

Rickly, Alva P.

Rickly, Oscar D.

Ridenour, Bernard

Ridenour, J. Donald

Ridenour, James V.

Ridenour, Isaac

Ridenour, Robert B.

Rider, Homer Waldo

Riddle, Dale R.

Riddle, William J.

Ridgway, C. M.

Ridinger, George Webster

Rieff, Henry Otto

Rieff, William C.

Riepenhoff, Frank

Rigale, John

Riggle, Carl

Riley, Larrin M.

Rinehart, B. T.

Ring, Page C.

Pullian, Earnest

Pulling, John H.

Pullman, Charles

Pummell, Russell L.

Punches, Rufus G.

Purdy, Fores John

Purdy, Morgan, Jr.

Pursell, Roy C.

Pursell, R. S.

Purtell,Michael J.

Quinlan, Timothy E.

Quinn, Oscar J.

Reid, Ralph

Reid, Robert

Reiff, Grover A.

Reiff, Henry

Reiff, Otto

Reiff, Wm. C.

Reilley, J, W.

Reis, Theodore

Rekard, Joseph A.

Rekart, Sigmund Adolph

Remm, John D.

Renglein, Alfred J.

Rentz, Edward

Renz, Walter F.

Reold, Ernest

Rersker, Will

Rerstoiff, Rolland

Ringlein, A. T.

Ringlein, Let

Ripley, John J.

Rise, E. W.

Rison, Earl

Risen, John

Rison, Carl H.

Rison, Clifford

Rison, Lee

Ritenour, Chas H.

Reithman, R.

Roage, Howard William

Roberts, Eugene

Roberts, Frank M.

Roberts, G. Glen

Roberts, Harvey

Roberts, H. C.

Roberts, Harmon

Roberts, Ralph

476 - HISTORY OF ALLEN COUNTY

Roberts, Stephen

Robey, Jack

Robey, Jesse Raymond

Robinson, Chas.

Robinson, Fred L.

Robinson, Henry

Robinson, James

Robinson, James B.

Robinson, Joseph H.

Robinson, Louis Ray

Robinson, Newton E.

Robinson, Rollo

Robinson, Virgil

Robinson, Wentoss

Robison, Elmer

Robnolte, Owen E.

Rockhill, Harley

Rockhill, Harley

Rockner, Herbert J.

Rockwell, Chas. D.

Roddy, Chas.

Rode, Henry

Rodebaugh, Wm.

Roebuck, Harry P.

Roeder, Dale

Roeder, Harold

Roess, George C.

Roessler, Jack P.

Roethlisberger, H.

Roethlisberger, John William

Rogers, Everett L.

Rogers, Gilson P.

Roher, W. P.

Rohr, Forrest Harvey

Rohors, Henry

Roickerst, Otto

Romano, C.

Romans, Carmine

Roney, Joe Lester

Roof, Ivan L.

Rook, Harry

Roscoe, Raymond A.

Rose, Brook John

Rose, Burl W.

Rose, Ephraim

Rose, Herbert

Rose, John Walker

Rose, Jno. H. Jr.

Rose, Joseph W.

Rose, Paul

Rose, Waldo H.

Rose, Walker

Rosell, Raymond A.

Rosenberger, Charles Fred

Rudy, Herbert Edgar

Rudy, Herbert H.

Rudy, Warren

Ruel, Robert C.

Ruggeri, Cone

Ruggers, Anthony

Ruggley, Alvin Henderson

Ruggly, Alvin H.

Ruhoff, Raymond

Ruledge, John R.

Rumbaugh, Alva

Rumbaugh, John

Rumbaugh, Walter Raymond

Rumbaugh, William

Rummell, Leo W.

Rumors, Tony

Runyan, George

Runyan, Orville E.

Runyan, Paul H.

Rupert, Albert R.

Rupert, Chas.

Rupert, Roy Allen

Rupert, Ichem

Rupert, S. A.

Rupright, August G.

Russell, John H.

Russel, T. Sage

Rutledge, George H.

Ryan, James P.

Ryan, John V.

Ryon, Jno. V.

Ryan, John W.

Ryan, Leo

Sabe, Harry

Saffel, William

Saffel, William

Saford, Ralph

Sailor, Alva

Salette, Fellito

Sambaugh, Alva Leroy
Sammetinger, E. W.

Sammetinger, J. M.

Sammetinger, Roman

Sampsel, Chas. H.

Sampson, Charles

Sampson, James C.

Sampson, William D.

Saanders, Howard L.

Sanders, Oscar

Sanderson, Chas. E.

Santschi, Arthur E.

Sarka, Earl Louis

Sarka, Wm.

Schaaf, Arthur A,

Schaaf, Carl E.

Schaaf, Earnest S.

Schadley, Richard Raymond

Schaenblin, Lowell

Schaffer, Alfred J.

Schaffer, Herbert E,

Schaffer, Richard

Scharf, George A.

Schasker, Paul

Schatt, Geo.

Schauston, E. R.

Schedine, H. Elwood

Scheid, Theodore G., Jr.

Scheflet, Charles

Schegr, Frank J.

Schellengarger, Francis R.

Schenk, Benjamin

Schenk, George

Scherger, Constantine

Scherger, Edwin J.

Scheuarts, John C., Jr.

Schiff, Max

Schigmen, Raymond R.

Schilling, Fred W.

Schimph, August

Schinabery, Wm. F.

Schindel, Walter

Schindler, Carl

Schirmen, Joseph E.

Schirmer, John A.

Schirmer, Joseph Elmer

Schleeter, Steven B.

Schlegel, Jno. L.

Schlegel, Louis

Schmelter, Linus H.

Schmelzer, Arnold

Schmelzer, Frank C.

Schmersal, Leo

Schmidel, Carl

Schmidt, Herman

Schnable, John L.

Schneider, Edward A.

Schneider, Everett E.

Schneider, Fred

Schneider, Oliver

Schneider, Otto G.

Schneider, Raymond A.

Schneider, Sylvester

Schneller, Edwin J.

Scholt, George

Schoonover, Leonard

Schosker, Paul

Schram, Alfred F.

Rosenbloom, Dave

Ross, John William

Ross, Joseph W.

Ross, Norman R.

Ross, Wm.

Roth, A. C.

Roth, Ira O.

Rothe, Earl A.

Rotroff, Lewis W.

Rottest, Henry N.

Rouston, Harold A.

Rowlands, Walter

Rudolph, Harold L.

Sarks, George Henry

Sauber, Cletus A.

Sauers, Earl C.

Saunders, John W.

Sautsche, Arthur

Sawmiller, Clarence R.

Sawmiller, Frederick J.

Sawmiller, Geo. M.

Sawmiller, Jerome M.

Sawmiller, O. Clyde

Sawyer, Walter

Sayo. Abraham W.

Scanland, Oscar

Schrawder, Austin

Schrieder, Harry

Schreider, Vame B.

Schrger, Raymond R.

Schubert, Frank A.

Schuliert, Frank A.

Schulte, Earl F.

Schulte, Earl F.

Schultz, Carl J.

Schulz, Wm. L.

Schumacker, Menno

Schumacker, Willis R.

Schutte, Geo. W.

HISTORY OF ALLEN COUNTY - 477

Schuvoll. Chas. H.

Schumaker, R. F.

Schwartz, Clifford

Schwesl, Charles Herman

Schwimen, Ray F.

Scoles, Glen

Scoles, Paul

Scothorn, Wm.

Scott, Cecil Chas.

Scott, Charles Luther

Scott, E. S.

Scott, Harold

Scott, John Orland

Scotts, Walter

Scrivener, Wilbur

Scrivener, Wilbur

Sealts, Eugene M.

Searfoss, Harley J.

Searfoss, Robert

Sechler, A. R.

Seibald, Pearl

Seifried, Martin

Sehwinn, Ray

Selfridge, Brice

Selfridge, Calvin

Sells, Paul Davis

Selman, Ernest

Selone, Anthone

Sembelback, Al

Sendelbach, Alphons R.

Sendelbach, John Louis

Seners, Paul

Serrels, Howard G.

Settlemire, Merle

Settlemire, Virgil

Sever, Alfred C,

Severs, Paul Russel

Seymour, Edward

Seymour, Harold

Seymour, Ned

Schaad, Wm. A.

Shade, Chas. J.

Shaffer, Alfred F.

Shaffer, John

Shane, Porter

Shane, Porter

Shanahan, Eugene J.

Shanahan, Geo. W.

Shanahan, Thos.

Shandel. Jno. W.

Shane, Edward

Shank, H. E.

Shank, Lester L.

Shanks, Ray

Sheiblen, Lowe

Sheik, Clyde

Sheik, Wm. C.

Shelly, William D.

Shelly, Wilmer S.

Shelly, Ora M.

Shellenburger, Francis E.

Sherblen, Lowell

Sherbrick, Benj.

Sherer, Floyd W.

Sherrick, Ben

Sherrick, Herschel

Sherrick, Otto

Sherrick, Sheldon T.

Sherman, Baho

Sheymer, Raymond R.

Shiek, Edgar Roy

Shillinger, Fred S.

Shinaberry, Wm. F.

Shindledecker, Acada

Shrider, Harry O.

Shively, E. D.

Shively, Fred

Shobe, Guy V.

Shobe, Harley H.

Shobe, Owen F.

Shobe, Ernest F.

Shobe, Nile E.

Shockey, Neil

Shondel, Harry G.

Shondel, John

Shook, Clyde

Shook, Rolland

Shook, Victor

Short, Leonard

Shortridge, Henry

Shope, Nile

Shope, Nile E.

Showalter, Otto C.

Shreeves, Gladstone

Shreeves, Melrulle

Shreeves, Thurston O.

Shrider, Gordon

Shrider, Harry L.

Shrider, Harry O.

Shrider, James B.

Shriner, Willard

Shrimpf, August

Shue, Paul

Shulz,William L.

Shuster, G. A.

Shutt, Paul S.

Shutt, Paul Straple

Sierer, George

Simons, Charles Eugene

Simons, Carl E.

Simpson, Paul Fuller

Simpson, Roy J.

Simpsons, Fred

Sims, Birny E.

Sims, Ernest

Sine, Kent

Singleton, Albert

Sinks, E. D.

Sirwillis, Joseph

Skelly, Donald

Skelly, Kenneth

Skuimnen, Wm.

Skyles, Jacob C.

Slater, Orlando Clifford

Slemmons, L. I.

Sliemers, Theodore

Slover, Robert

Slusser, Geo. C.

Slusser, Mark

Smathers, Elmer B.

Smiley, Fred B.

Smith, Anthony B.

Smith, Arthur

Smith, Banning

Smith, Benjamin V.

Smith, Berr

Smith, Bevy

Smith, Charles E.

Smith, Charles J.

Smith, Cleo N.

Smith, Donald

Smith, E. C.

Smith, Ernest T.

Smith, Erwin B.

Smith, Ezra O.

Smith, Geo.

Smith, Guy L.

Smith, Harold G.

Smith, Herman

Smith, Irwin Richard

Smith, Jacob R.

Smith, James B.

Smith, John Jacob

Smith, Jno. W.

Smith, Leo W.

Smith, Lester F.

Smith, Melvin M.

Smith, Norvan

Smith, Norvel

Smith, Olin

Smith, Oscar Lee

Smith, Raymond P.

Shannon, Hamp., Jr.

Shaper, Jno. T.

Sharpneck, Curtiss

Shaw, Carl D.

Shaw, Otis

Shaw, Robert

Shaw, Warren

Shaw, William

Shawe, Joseph W.

Shea, Frank J.

Shedine, H. E.

Sheelu, William S.

Sheeter, William A.

Sheetz, Vergil Elias

Sierer, Jack

Sierer, Robert Harrison

Sierer, Trueman

Sierer, Wm. G.

Sigmund, Adolph R,

Silone, Anthony

Simkins, Roy C.

Simmons, Alfred L.

Simmons, Elias

Simmons, Charles R.

Simmons, Elmer A.

Simmons, Raymond K.

Simms, Charles E.

Simon, Orville J.

Simon, Robert G.

Simons, Byron Clair

Smith, Robert A.

Smith, Robert E.

Smith, Russell C.

Smith, Sidney

Smith, Steuart B.

Smith, Walter

Smith, William

Smitley, Frank J.

Sneary, Leonard

Snider, Oliver

Snider, Nathan L.

Snodgrass, Fred C.

Snodgrass, Don V.

Snook, Jno. W.

Snook, Walter

478 - HISTORY OF ALLEN COUNTY

Snydam, Russel C.

Snyder, Arthur

Snyder, Bert E.

Snyder, Clarence

Snyder, Earl

Snyder, Floyd

Snyder, Frank L.

Snyder, George M.

Snyder, Ira

Snyder, Marvin A.

Snyder, Paul

Snyder, Roy B.

Snyder, Russell

Snyder, Walter D.

Snyder, William

Snyder, William A.

Snyder, William A.

Snyder, William G.

Snyder, William M.

Soash, Melville Dean

Sodders, Bruce

Soelman, Henry

Soenen, Peter

Soffell, Wm.

Soge, I. Russell

Solett, Philipp

Sommers, Harry A.

Sonner, Paul Rudolph

Sontag, Charles H.

Sotir, Rom

South, Chas. H.

South, Elmer E.

South, Harry A.

Sowers, Earl Clifford

Spangler, J. H.

Spangler, John H.

Spayth, Frank J.

Spearman, Francis

Spears, Leroy A.

Spees, Alden E.

Spees, Chas. E.

Spees, Harry E.

Spees, Joseph

Spees, William F.

Spees, Willard M.

Spencer, Bernard A.

Spencer, H. O.

Spencer, Robt.

Sperns, Thomas

Spring, James E.

Spring, James E.

Springer, Denis S.

Spornhauer, Clarence

Spunhour, Clarence

Spunier, Cyrees M.

Spurrier, Cyrus M.

Spyrison, Nicks

Stanley, Arthur

Stant, Sylvester

Stanton, Richard

Stants, Richard M.

Stapleton, Roy D.

Stapleton, Wm.

Stark, William

Starkey, Elmer F.

Stauffer, Andrew Scott

Stuffer, Edwin Sallade

Stauffer, Floyd B.

Stauffer, Howard Earl

Stauffer, Raymond W.

Stayrook, Noah

Stauffer, Emmett C.

Staup, Vernon E.

Steams, Ralph T.

Stearns, Ralph

Steele, Harvey E.

Steffey, Clarence E.

Stegeman, Frank

Steiner, F. E.

Steiner, Cyrus

Steiner, Hiram P.

Steiner, J. S.

Steiner, Noah P.

Steiner, Roah P.

Steiner, Rhoda

Steinle, Arthur

Steinle, Elmer

Steinman, Dwight

Stelzer, John P.

Steman, Leroy L.

Stemeir, D. J.

Stemen, Clarence

Stemen, Darle J.

Stemen, David A.

Stemen, Ernest Ray

Stemen, F. E.

Stemen, George

Stemen, George Andrew

Stemen, Halleck

Stemen, Robert M.

Stemen, Wm. P.

Stemen, Walter O.

Stemmer, Albert C.

Stepkey, Alton C.

Stepleton, Harold Austin

Stepleton, Wade E.

Steppech, Walter

Steppick, Walter

Sterner, Melvin

Sterns, Isaac

Sterling, Dewey

Stewart, John G.

Stewart, John L.

Stewart, Matthew D.

Stewart, Ray

Stewart, William E.

Stikeman, Edwin Jessup

Stimmel, Jason

Stinsin, Irl A.

Stippich, Richard F.

Stippich, Walter L.

Stirns, F.

Stock, William August

Stockton, Earl H.

Stockton, H. W,

Stockwell, Hugh S.

Stolzenbach, Edward

Stone, Elmer

Stone, F. R.

Stone, John C.

Stone, Paul C.

Stoner, Isaac

Stoodts, A. Ray

Stoots, Denver S.

Stopher, Sylvester B.

Stopp, Harley

Stork, William

Stose, Elmer

Stotler, Charles M.

Stough, Roger L.

Stout, Clair

Stover, C. E.

Strahm, Chas. E.

Strahm, George

Straker, Stanly Edward

Strasburg, Norman Lawrence

Stratton, Raymond A,

Strasburg, Dewey

Strasburg, Harry J.

Strawser, Reed

Strayer, Franklin R.

Strayer. Nile M.

Strayer, Roy K.

Strickler, Harvey

Strin, Ike

Strobel, Carl J.

Stroble, Harry J.

Strohl, Carl E.

Stromer, Peter

Strong, Lyman Timothy

Stover, Daniel L.

Stryker, Chas. O.

Stukay, Elwood D.

Stadler, Ralph F.

Stadler, Wm.

Stahl, Lloyd

Staley, Archie G.

Stalkamp, Albert Leo

Stalkamp, L. G.

Stalkamp, Paul

Stallkamp, John A.

Stallkamp, Ottmer J.

Standish, Don V.

Standish, Don V.

Stanich, George

Stettler, Harry

Stetter, Laid S.

Stettler, Lloyd

Stettler, Paul F.

Stetzer, John

Stevens, Fred D.

Stevens, George

Stevenson, Benjamin H.

Stevenson, Charles Francis

Stevenson, Dallas M.

Stewart, Chas. S.

Stewart, Floyd

Stewart, James H.

Stewart, Jesse L.

Stump, Albert

Stump, Karl L.

Stump, Lewis

Stump, Ralph H.

Stump, Raymond

Stumpp, Carl L.

Sudmoeller, Clarence

Sullivan, D. H.

Sullivan, Paul J.

Sullivan Robert B.

Sullivan, Vane S.

Sullivan, William

Sullivan, Wm. P.

Summers, Charles Bernison

Summers, Elmer

HISTORY OF ALLEN COUNTY - 479

Summers, Ivan

Summers, Ivan C.

Summers, Vernison

Sums, Barney E.

Sutter, Edwin

Suttle, Grover C.

Suydam, Russel C.

Swallow, Clarence H.

Swallow, Geo.

Swan, E. G.

Swartout, E.

Swartout, Fred

Swartz, Clarence R.

Swartz, Jacob B.

Swartz, William

Swartzendruber, Vic

Swavely, G. R.

Sweeney, Carroll F.

Sweeney, John

Sweeney, Joseph

Swick, Harry E.

Swick, Isaac J.

Swigert, Jno. E.

Swihart, Doit

Swihart, Eoit

Swisher, Geo.

Swisher, Omar R.

Swisher, Ray

Swivilla, Joe

Syfert, Wm.

Syfert, Wm. F.

Tabler, John

Taborna, Tony

Taflinger, Calvin E.

Taflinger, Carl Edward

Taflinger, Geo. W.

Taflinger, William

Talbott, Jno. E., Dr.

Tam, Walter V.

Tanner, Walter V.

Tate, John

Taylor, Arthur J.

Taylor, A. R.

Taylor, Carl

Taylor, Charlie

Taylor, Dewey

Taylor, Geo.

Taylor, James

Taylor, Lemaine

Tanner, Albert

Tehan, John Charles

Tennesey, Wm. L.

Thomas, V. R.

Thomas, Vergona R.

Thomason, R. W.

Thompson, Albert

Thompson, Darl

Thompson, Earl

Thompson, Frank

Thompson, George

Thompson, Homer H.

Thompson, Fronz

Thompson, Jay H.

Thompson, Robert W.

Thorton, Gordon

Thrum, George E.

Thrush, M. V.

Thut, Myson

Thut, Nlyson

Tice, E.

Tiemeyer, Charles

Tiller, George

Tillet, Nathan D.

Tilton, Guy

Tilton, Guy S.

Timmerman, John Paul

Tippil, Ivon L.

Tipple, Paul

Titus, Charles B.

Tobin, Daniel

Tobin, James R.

Tochill, Clarence Guy

Todd, Harrod

Tomasgkiewicz, B. V.

Tomlison, Leland

Tompkins, Don C.

Toorman, John H.

Totten, Frank J.

Townsend, Albert J.

Townsend, Joseph B.

Townsend, Joseph Blair

Townsend, Kyle Edward

Travis, C. P.

Treaster, Howard D.

Treemas, Peter J.

Tremain, Frank

Trentman, S. B.

Triemoth, Frank A.

Triplehorn, Harry

Troutner, A. O.

Tromain, Frank

Troop, Floyd A.

Troutner, W. J.

Troxel, Harry

Ulm, Paul

Ulrich, Robert

Underwood, P.

Updyke, Harry

Upthegrove, F.

Upthegrove, George F.

Upton, Ross W.

Urasman, Frank

Urban, Stanley J.

Utrecht, William H.

Utrup, August N.

Valuito, Frances

Vemon, Geo. O.

Vandeven, Henry A.

Vangunten, Verl David

VanHorn, Geo. Edward

Van Horn, Jesse F.

Van Kamp, Bernard A.

Van Melter, Jay Harley

Van Meter, Francis M.

Van Osdell, Dilver Lee

Van Ostran, Francis X.

Van Pelt, Minor P.

Vansky, William A.

Van Wyek, Louis

Varacalli, Carlo S.

Varoters, Earl Raymond

Vaugh, Lloyd E.

Veland, F.

Verbryke, Edgar M.

Verbryke, Virgil

Verbryke, Howard R.

Vermillion, Marion G.

Vernon, George

Viols, Angelo

Vitzler, John

Vogel, Leonard

Volbert, Joseph

Vondran, Harry J.

Vonlehmden, Raymond

Von Sossan, Joseph

Vorbeau, Wilhelm Henry

Vorhees, Charles S.

Vortkamp, Bernard

Votan, Dale C.

Wagner, Albert

Wagner, Edward M.

Wagner, Dean W.

Wagoner, Henry O.

Wahmhoff, John J.

Wahmhoff, Martin F.

Thayer, Francis M.

Thomas, Alfred

Thomas, Alfred

Thomas, George

Thomas, Geo. W.

Thomas, Henry Howard

Thomas, Henry Howard

Thomas, Jesse

Thomas, John Raymond

Thomas, Joseph R.

Thomas, Lester C.

Thomas, Marcus H.

Thomas, Martin

Thomas, Martin

Thomas, Morris A.

Thomas, Orville G.

Trubey, R. R.

Truesdale, Arthur W.

Truesdale, Harry A.

Tschener, Issador P.

Tschiegg, Anios

Tschiegg, Amos

Tudor, Arthur D.

Tullis, Jay

Turnester, Carl

Turning, Clarence W.

Twohy, Edward J.

Tyler, B. T.

Tyler, Ellis

Tyler, L. W.

Tyler, Ted Wesley

Tyre, Byron

Wahrer, R. J.

Waickey, Kenneth

Walcutt, L.

Waldo, Joe C.

Wallace, Dewey

Wallace, Edward D.

Walcutt, Asa

Walls, Elmer

Walker, Ennis

Walker, Stanley Albert

Walker, Webster B.

Walsen, Stanley

Walsh, E. J.

Walther, Carl F.

Walther, George Benj.

Waltz, Lawrence O

480 - HISTORY OF ALLEN COUNTY

Waltz, Preston

Wanamaker, Joe A.

Ware, Wm.

Ware, Wm. A.

Ward, C. A.

Ward, Frank R.

Ward, Harley

Ward, W. W.

Warner, Harry

Warren, Chas.

Warren, Jno. F.

Warren, Mace S.

Warren, Ralph

Warner, Hany

Warsman, Edward

Waters, Ray

Watkins, Alex

Watkins, Russel

Watkins, Tasper

Watson, J. F.

Watson, L. J.

Watson, Sewell E.

Watt, Harry

Watt, Henry J.

Watt, Hugh J.

Watterick, Claude L.

Weadock, Edward Geo.

Weadock, Edward M.

Weatherford, Marl V.

Weaver, Jay R.

Weaver, Leroy

Weaver, Paul

Webb, Frank J.

Webb, Ralph

Webb, Roy C.

Webb, Vernon

Weber, Adrian J.

Weber, William

Weger, Anthony

Weible, Leonard

Weibler, Oswald H.

Weidel, Harry E.

Weidel, Laren

Weinfeld, Adolph D.

Weinfeld, Gustav F.

Welch, Claire

Welch, Lester A.

Welch, Noel H.

Weldy, Charles

Welham, William

Welker, Stanley A.

Weller, Herbert

Wesco, Harry

Wessels, Louis F.

West, A. L.

West, Don

West, Donald

West, Harold M.

West, Ralph

Westbay, Harry Andy

Westfall, Archie M.

Wethenit, Stipp

Wetkins, Adolph

Wetrecht, Wm. H.

Wheeler, Loyda A.

Wheeler, Melvin

Wheeler, Virgil R.

Whirl, Wm. H.

Whisler, L. H.

Whitacre, Sylvester O.

White, Cullen

White, Harry

White, Harvey E.

White, John Cletus

White, J. J.

White, Ray E.

White, Wm.

Whitman, Harry Byron

Whitney, Norman F.

Whittey, Andrew

Whittington, I. M.

Whittington, John E.

Whitwam, Chris C.

Wien, F. C,

Wiershing, C. E.

Wilch, Noel H.

Wilcox, Robert E,

Wilcox, Wm. B.

Wildrig, J. E.

Wilhelm, A. J.

Wilhelm, Calvin C.

Wilhelm, Raymond J.

Wilhelm, W. G.

Wilkerson, James V.

Wilkes, Lige

Wilkin, Cloyd

Wilkins, Ilo

Wilkins, Burley J.

Wilkins, C. A.

Wilkins, Robert M.

Wilkins, Walter E.

Will, F. D.

Williams, Willard

Willy, Ray

Wilson, Adrain T.

Wilson, Charles

Wilson, Dan

Wilson, Harvey J.

Wilson, James

Wilson, James Robert

Wilson, J. W.

Wilson, Wilton H.

Winans, James

Wingate, Martin Gilbert

Winkler, Edward J.

Winkler, E. T.

Winson, Wm.

Winter, J. J.

Wires, Walter

Wires, William W.

Wise, John

Wiseman, James C.

Wisewell, Guy

Wisher, John M.

Witte, Clarence O.

Wohlgemuth, Arthur M.

Wojdjoski, Joe

Wolcott, Gordon M.

Wold, Ligward

Wolf, Clarence

Wolfe, Frank

Wolfe, Dr. J.

Wolff, John

Woll, Edward

Wollet, Frank Earl

Wollett, Gordon T.

Wollett, Harry

Wolverton, Herbert

Wood, Chester

Wood, Warren C.

Wood, Willford

Woodruff, R. O.

Woods, Floyd E.

Woods, Harold O.

Woods, Irvin A.

Woodwarth, Robert W.

Woodworth, Robert W.

Wooley, Ray H.

Woolley, Virgil P.

Workman, Everett Lee

Worst, Edward M.

Wellman, W. H.

Wells, Arthur

Wells, Benj. C.

Wells, Wilbert

Welty, Delbert E.

Welty, Elam

Welty, Fred A.

Welty, Hiram

Welty, Oliver

Welty, Orrin Stanley

Wellington, Leroy L.

Wellington, Ramsey J.

Wellman, Vincent G.

Wenger, Harry

Wentworth, Edwin Henry

Werner, Harry

Willey, Charles

Williams, Arthur H.

Williams, Charles E,

Williams, Donald F.

Williams, Edgar

Willrngs, Edward A.

Williams, Everett

Williams, Forest

Williams, Forest

Williams, Fred Herbert

Williams, Henry

Williams, Hess Franklin

Williams, James Agustus

Williams, John Cyrus

Williams, Lloyd

Williams, Oliver Lockwood

Williams, Ralph

Williams, Ray G.

Worthington, Charles E.

Worthington, Charles Emmett

Wrasman, Edward

Wrasman, Frank M.

Wren, F. E.

Wren, Frederick L.

Wren, Guerney S.

Wressman, Edward C.

Wright, C. G.

Wright, Dean W.

Wright, Glenn C.

Wright, Lawrence

Wright, Lowell

Wrigley, Carl A.

Wulforst, Hubert

Wullibarger, Jesse

Wurst, Edward M.

Wyath, Russell F,

Wykoff, Morton

HISTORY OF ALLEN COUNTY - 481

Wyre, Dwight E.

Yaney, Homer G.

Yant, John D.

Yarger, Forest

Yazell, C. H.

Yeager, John

Yenisky, Joe

Yesinsky, Joe

Yingling, E. C.

Yoakam, Merle

Yoakam, Mirle A.

Yochum, Art W.

Young, Albert B.

Young, Alfred J.

Young, Charles E.

Young, Chas. R.

Young, Clyde A.

Young, Homer C.

Young, Joseph

Young, McKinley

Young, Russel M.

Youngpeter, Ralph

Youngpeter, Thomas H.

Zahn, Joseph A.

Zam, Laurence L.

Zanteson, Emil A.

Zapp, Wm.

Zeits, John Bernard

Zellers, Hugh E.

Zellin, Hugh E.

Zimmerman, Clark

Zimmerman, Fred

Zink, Carl J.

Zink, Joseph E.

Zimmer, Henry Phillips

Zimmer, John P.

Zink, Charles Joseph

Zinkan, Thomas Earl

Zots, Frederick W.

Zu, Antonio

Zunno, Toney

"ON FAME'S ETERNAL CAMPING GROUND"

The following named Allen County men made the "supreme sacrifice":

Apostol, Harry

Armentrout, Dale

Bailey, Frank

Baker, Charles O.

Baker, Rusler

Beam, Paul

Beatty, Eugene

Bedell, Doit

Billings, Charles

Bickel, John

Bixel, Fred

Bowers, Elmer

Bracey, Wilbur

Burden, Miles

Bucher, Amos

Callahan, Thomas

Coulter, Clyde

Clayton, John

Davis, Abner

Depler, Albert

Eakem, Fred

Francis, William R.

Gallagher, William Paul

Geise, Willis

Goonon, James

Goodwin, Ira

Gordon, Harry M.

Graesele, Carl

DePiazza, Petro

Gray, John

Gray, Roscoe

Guthrie, William

Halloran, William

Harrington, Homer

Heffner, Edward

Homme, George

Hire, Bryan

Hirseland, Herbert

Hunt, Fremont G.

Irwin, Glenn

Johns, Don

Jakutis, Joseph

Jones, Edwin

Kees, William H.

Keith, Charles Chester

Kersetter, C. R.

Kiser, George

Lambert, Clifford

Latty, Thomas E.

Lewis, Peter

Lippincott, Paul S.

MacDonnell, Duncan Ross

Mahoney, Timothy

Mannship, Harold

Martin, Willard

Masterpole, Joe

Matthews, Burl

Miller, Donald

Miller, J. J.

Moore, Cloyce Wendell

Moorman, Fred

Nichols, Glen H.

Nolte, George J.

Nusbaum, Willis

Patton, Ray V.

Parret, Elmer J.

Point, Ollie

Reed, Otto

Reese, Humphrey

Rentz, Edward

Reynolds, Harry

Rutledge, George

Schmersal, Leo

Schmidt, Jacob

Schoonover, E. J.

Schramm, Alfred J.

Sheeter, William A.

Siebold, Pearl

Smith, Edwin C.

Sontag, Charles H.

Swink, Ferrell

Stemen, Halleck

Stover, Daniel

Tabler, John

Truesdale, Glenn

Turner, Aberdeen Alexander

Vandemark, Aurelius

Veasey, Edward

Walterick, Claude

Watkins, Glen Mills

Wells, Frank

Wenzinger, John

Wheeler, Loyd

Wilson, Dan

Zetlitz, Thor

Vol. 1-31

CHAPTER XLV

FINANCE-WEALTH OF ALLEN COUNTY

There have been radical changes in the economic as well as the social life of Allen County in its first 100 years of history. While emphasis is still placed on agriculture and livestock, the county has a multiplicity of manufacturing and commercial interests.

While it has been said : "The greatest blessing a young man can enjoy is poverty," and some people die in full possession of that "blessing," not all accept the truthfulness of the statement ; a smart paragrapher has remarked that this country has reached the stage where men can use the word only in front of ten million dollars, and in Allen County there are those who require six figures in "setting down" the amount of their riches, saying nothing about the sequestered fortunes as yet unknown to the tax ferrets. On the other hand, some who are in purse-proud families sometimes disappear into oblivion, and are never heard of again.

The first human inquiry transmitted by electric agency: "What hath God wrought ?" may be answered in a measure from a perusal of the pages of the life history of the pioneers in any community ; in their poverty they planned for the future, while the average citizen of today says : "If life and money hold out," in forecasting it., However, no human equation is more uncertain ; it is death and taxes always staring humanity in the face, and as yet no wizard of finance has devised any means of escape from them. While the Allen County settler borrowed money in his effort to overcome wilderness conditions, because of his sagacity and foresight, succeeding generations have loaned it ; and yet when readjustment followed in the wake of the War of the Nations, people who were used to inflated market conditions borrowed money for taxes rather than accept the inevitable decline in the price of commodities.

Allen County farmers held their grain while wholesale dealers or jobbers continued calling on local buyers without results ; the farmers were waiting for the return of war-time prices, and a newspaper paragraph with a Columbus headline, December 1, 1920, says : "Farmers are again becoming borrowers at their country banks for the first time in five years ; the season of ready money with the farmers is at an end, and pinching of coins will again become common if present conditions continue; at this time they are borrowing money to pay taxes. * * * But borrowing money to pay taxes is the most common form of credit asked at this time. * * * And farm barns and granaries are bursting with things ready to be sold if a market for them could be found," the latter statement slightly in error since farmers are holding their commodities for more money.

"The rural element is getting restless in its condition, asserting that the prices of things to be purchased are as high as ever, but that the things which hard toil and devotion to duty have produced have no value; only poultry, butter and eggs are the exception to this rule. The situation is the cause of more complaint because the farmers have not been used to backseat treatment ; for the past quadrennial period they have been liberal buyers of automobiles, talking machines, lighting plants and water systems, together with all the little luxuries that their city cousins have enjoyed as necessities ; in their vexation the farmers have

- 482 -

HISTORY OF ALLEN COUNTY - 483

become students and investigators, ascertaining facts that in former years when times were better, they cared little or nothing for; they have sought an explanation in importations of wool and wheat from Argentina and Canada, but the explanations they have received have not carried complete satisfaction," and thus agriculture, the world's oldest occupation, was first to feel the pressure under the reconstruction process.

"The World war has taught us to save everything but money," said a domestic economist ; while it is the easiest thing in the world to figure out how other people can save money; when everybody was poor their very necessities bound them together, and thus the world hears about old-fashioned neighborliness and hospitality ; the almighty dollar has always been the incentive, but minus the element of competition the pioneers were not forced to struggle for a livelihood as has been the portion of some of their posterity ; however, the new name for hard times is the period of readjustment, and the present generation in Allen County history is learning the meaning of it ; the men and the women who did not participate in developing the country have their duties of citizenship in preserving it ; the Allen County of today is a legacy from the civilization of its first 100 years in world history.

With the report of the 1920 U. S. census showing that at sixty yeats of age eighty per cent of the population belongs to the dependent class, there is sufficient reason why a spirit of thrift should be instilled into the rising generation—come easy, go easy-and those who make money most rapidly understand all about it ; they must always climb, and sometimes those who start at the top climb down the ladder ; while economists say it is only three generations from shirt sleeves to shirt sleeves, there are some who hold on to their fortunes-keep their money. Why should it be true that a fortune as well as a type of citizenship should run out in the third generation? In the livestock world there is some attention given the question of heredity.

There are almost as many billionaires as millionaires in Allen County, and if every man were a millionaire, then his dollars would not be worth anything to him ; under the recent hue and cry about the high cost of living, the dollar does not seem to buy its wonted number of commodities. The plan of buying commodities on installments is no longer popular, since people cannot spend money rapidly enough ; credit is established for the whole amount unless there is strict adherence to a cash basis. In the reconstruction period through which Allen County and the rest of the world is passing, the luxury of today becomes the price-adjustment-sale necessity tomorrow, and it seems that Allen County business men are equal to the price-shifting emergencies—made a sufficient margin of profit while the war-time conditions prevailed, to tide them over the readjustment difficulty. Some who transacted a two-year volume of business in one year, simply fortified themselves against the inevitable slump in the prices of commodities.

It is bad enough to be poor without seeming poor, and yet the Allen County settlers were under the necessity of many distadvantages ; they resorted to subterfuges, and since it is only the mind that pays the taxes on air castles, it is well enough to have them; whether or not Allen county has the proletariat class, there is a great body of wage-earning people in the different community centers ; when American labor talks about salary it is a definite acknowledgment of satisfactory economic conditions, but the wage-earners are in the majority, and were caste permissible then wages stamps them as middle class ; the common people are in the majority, and Lincoln once declared that God loved them because He made so many of them.

484 - HISTORY OF ALLEN COUNTY

When riches take wings they usually exceed the speed limit, and all uninvited poverty always finds its way into economic conditions. Absoplute freedom from poverty brings about a boastful sort of patriotism that is not well pleasing in the sight of God or man, and in time too many people come to look upon their advantages as theirs from personal rights, while they were simply fortunate in point of inheritance. Every one should treat Dame Fortune with consideration in order that her smiles may continue, and it is said that God's blessings always do one of two things make people keener in His service, or dull their moral sensibilities. While character or citizenship is wealth, it has no exchange value in the open market ; while bankers always express confidence in the future, the man who would borrow money must nevertheless furnish security ; and yet it is urged that the basis of credit in business relations is character rather than money.

Different people in every community have different economic standards; while one man would rather leave a crib full of corn than a well- selected library to his posterity, some others, like Mary of old, have chosen the better part, and money is not the only incentive. No matter what one's own experiences may cost him, he must foot the bills himself ; the young man whose head and hands are educated by the stern schoolmaster of necessity is fortunate, compared with the profligate son of a rich father who must inevitably beg when thrown upon his own resources. "Who steals my purse steals trash," exclaimed the Bard of Avon, and yet a bank account gives a man the necessary confidence in himself. A bank deposit is a subdued force in a man's nature, and while few understand the currency bill, many know what to do with the paper dollar ; it restores equilibrium—is a sort of minor chord in the music.

ALLEN COUNTY TAX DUPLICATE-It is estimated by the state tax commission that the Ohio personal property duplicate for 1920 is in excess of $4,000,000,000, and while there are always some who withdraw their money from the banks on tax-listing day, the state tax commissioner says such practice is not so common now as in the past ; he says further : "I believe people are more honest about their tax returns than formerly because they have become used to paying taxes." While the banks used to allow depositors to draw their money, and put it into a New York draft or other non-taxable security for a day and then return it, under the present Ohio laws this is an impossibility ; stock in Ohio corporations is exempt from taxation, and the same is true of Liberty bonds, War Savings stamps and other government securities ; they are, therefore, popular investments.

On June 6, 1831, when the first official business was transacted within the bounds of Allen County the tax levy was eight mills on the dollar; the simple life prevailed and internal improvements had not advanced the rate of taxation ; since then it has advanced by leaps and bounds, and according to County Auditor C. R. Phillips, the taxable property in 1919 amounted to $114,000,000, and in 1920 it reached $114,492,940, not including possible sequestered fortunes. It all depends upon the honesty of those returning their property for taxation ; those who lay up their treasure in heaven do not always acknowledge all of their treasure on earth ; there are "conscientious objectors" among property owners in Allen County. A by-stander declared that if Allen County property were all listed for taxation, it would swell the amount to more than $150,000,000, but he did not offer any solution for the difficulty, County Treasurer Lehr E. Miller, in 1919, collected $1,464,067.69, and in 1920 he approached $2,000,000 in his collections. There were some

HISTORY OF ALLEN COUNTY - 485

record-breaking days in the second installment which was in process of collection. The last Allen County realty appraisement was in 1910, and another is due. While some changes have been made in the Lima business district, another real estate appraisement will increase property valuation in Allen County. It is estimated that if the new appraisement is properly done it will increase the property value of Lima alone from $45,000,000 to $100,000,000, and thus the increased revenue at the present tax rate would solve all the financial problems of Allen County.

The county auditor makes the tax estimate from the tax duplicate, and the treasurer collects the money. The tax rate is always higher in the towns than in the townships and some of them have already reached the limit because of local public improvements. The townships take care of the town expenses except for street improvements, which are taxed to the corporations, the township trustee takes care of the poor who do not live in public institutions. The Lima tax rate, including city, county, state and schools is $1.62, and some of its best factories are outside of the city limits. While there are no exemptions for manufacturers, they secure a lower rate of taxation outside. From a financial standpoint Lima ranks among the first cities of the United States, according to preliminary data for a social survey compiled by the Chamber of Commerce. County Auditor Phillips says the immensity of the task of re-appraising every piece of real estate in Allen County is underestimated by the majority of citizens ; it means that all farm and city property must be inspected and its value determined ; this is an immense task and it will require time to accomplish it.

Writing on economics in the Toledo Blade, Lima Beane says : "The majority pays the taxes while the minority runs the country," and it is undeniable that taxes and death are the portion of all ; one cannot judge the financial rating of a man from the clothes he wears, so many who are provided with the purse of a tramp have the inclinations of people of wealth ; there is talk about the shriveled souls of the millionaires, but it is always among those who have little money. A wag once remarked that the conservative business man uses the word dollar about as often as a group of society women use the word man in an ordinary conversation, but his dollars pave the way for his business and the man paves the way for the woman's social advancement. If there are wizards of finance in Allen County today who want to die poor, there are plenty of opportunities for separating themselves from their money. It was a Frenchman who said the greatest enemy of the United States is the government printing office ; it grinds out an endless stream of money.

ALLEN COUNTY BANKS—Money is no incumbrance at all, and in Allen County there are some comfortable bank accounts ; the stocking depository joke holds good in all the rest of the world outside of Allen County. It is rather a fine distinction, but the dictionary meaning of the word depositary is a person, while depository is a place, and there are many places where Allen County depositors may leave their money. Thrift or spendthrift raises the question of saving or wasting money, and what the gun was to the colonist the bank account is to the citizen of any community. There are four national, one state and a number of private banks in the different Allen County towns ; while there has been some stringency and a few bank failures, in the main depositors have always had confidence in local banking institutions.

Wherever there is a bank account, the family is regarded as on the highway to prosperity ; women who are the financial or purchasing agents for many well regulated families, have always been bankers—aye, the

486 - HISTORY OF ALLEN COUNTY

stocking safety deposit is known to Allen County women, and yet who has not heard the quaint masculine wail :

"My income is the least as iz

But I should wear a smiling phiz

If only wife would mind her biz

And not make life one long drawn quiz."

and there are homes-of course outside of Allen County—where there would be no economy or saving at all, only for her inquiry and initiative in the matter. " 'Honor thy father and thy mother," but not a stranger's check," is the motto of Allen County banks today. While "There is a reason" is a copyrighted trade mark, THERE Is A REASON.

Before a bank may be incorporated under the statutes of Ohio, it must show sufficient reason for its existence. In order to secure a charter, a private bank must have $25,000 capital stock, and in order to continue its operations an established bank must show a capital of $10,000, or at once increase its stock ; the country bank is a community necessity, and there is an excellent distribution of banks in Allen County. In "Poor Richard's Almanac" Benjamin Franklin says : "If you would be wealthy think of saving as well as getting," and the banker becomes the custodian of the community funds ; confidence is a necessity.

The New York Savings Bank Association has issued the statement that every man, woman and child in the world would have $13.58 from an equal distribution of all the money on deposit in mutual, stock and postal savings banks of the globe, and that would give Allen County almost $100,000, aside from its heavy depositors. It is estimated that one quarter of the total savings of the world is held in U. S. A. In the whole world there are 146,277,394 holders of small savings accounts; the combined deposit amounts to $23,123,285,677, and $158.08 is thus the average bank deposit ; how does Allen County check up with the rest of the world ? The average deposit account in the mutual and stock savings banks in the United States is $571.99, and the average per inhabitant is $61.85, almost five times the average for the world ; more than ten per cent of the people of the United States have savings accounts, and it leads the world in the average deposit account.

Allen County banks emphasize the feature of savings accounts. The community centering at Bluffton is served by the First National Bank and by the Commercial Bank & Savings Company ; Beaver Dam, the Farmers and Merchants Bank ; Elida, the Farmers Bank ; Delphos, the National, Commercial and Peoples banks ; Harrod, the State Bank ; Lafayette, the Lafayette Banking Company ; Lima, the First National, Old National, Amercian, Metropolitan, Lima Trust and City banks; Spencerville, the Citizens & Farmers Bank. While there are other loan companies throughout the country, they are not under the same organization as the banks nor are they permanent fixtures. There are some building and loan societies that have had much to do with the material development of Allen County. George Feltz of the Citizens Building & Loan Company, since the recent death of a Cincinnati citizen, is the oldest building and loan man in Ohio. In 1872 he organized the Mechanics Building & Loan Association which was in time merged with the Third Building & Loan, and finally became the Citizens Building & Loan Company ; the South Side Building & Loan ; Lima Home & Savings Company ; Central Building & Loan ; Allen County Savings Association and the Mechanics Building & Loan Association all serve the community in Lima.

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The Chamber of Commerce issues the statement that the bank clearings in Lima in 1910 amounted to $17,740,633, and that in 1919, the amount had reached $55,159,162, which was about trebled in nine years, showing the strides made in the commercial world, and there are always some who transact business outside of the county. This fact was discovered in connection with the different Liberty Loans, Allen County not receiving full credit because the loans were reported from the areas floating them ; ordinarily it is said that bond issues lead to bankruptcy, but in Allen County the first and second Liberty loans were largely subscribed for by the banks ; when Allen County farmers finally understood the situation better, the third and fourth loans were taken largely by popular subscription ; money came easily when it was understood that it was being loaned to Uncle Sam.

George E. Bayley, chairman of the Allen County Liberty and Victory Loan campaigns says the figuregrams issued through the Federal Reserve bank of Cleveland are not absolutely accurate, since money was sometimes obtained outside of the fifth area of the Fourth Federal District, and that some of Allen County's biggest subscriptions were reported from other centers. When the citizens of Allen County awakened to the possibility of having Germany as a dictator, and they realized what values might be placed on their property, an effective organization was formed and each loan overreached its quota ; with their purchasing offices the large centers had the advantage ; there were loans reported in Allen County from Beaver Darn, Bluffton, Delphos, Elida, Harrod, Lafayette, Lima and Spencerville. Wherever there was a bank there was a loan, the different centers reporting for contiguous territory. Only Bluffton, Delphos, Lima and Spencerville were represented in the first loan, and while more individuals participated in the second loan, the fourth loan represented the most money.

The figuregram sent out from the Federal Reserve Bank of Cleveland shows that more Allen County citizens had part in the first than in the fourth and fifth loans. In the first loan 4,775 persons subscribed for $1,048,550; in the second, 16,170 persons handled $1,450,950; in the third loan 12,339 subscribers handled $2,557,200; in the fourth and largest Allen County loan the number of subscribers dropped down to 2,413, while the loan amounted to $2,800,350, and in the Victory loan only 1,474 subscribers handled $2,063,300; in the grand total of the five loans—four Liberty and the final Victory-the amount of $9,920,350 was taken by 37,171 persons. It may be the 1,474 persons holding out faithful and swinging the Victory loan were in on each loan ; 4,775 persons started and 1,474 persons were in at the final effort ; however, there were a number of plus subscribers in the Victory loan ; the required amount was over-subscribed in all of the loans.

Chairman D. C. Wills of the district paying through the Federal Reserve Bank in Cleveland, said : "Since the entrance of our country into the war, it has had at its disposal two great armies—an army of fighting men, and a financial army ; both armies necessarily have worked together, or otherwise the war would not have been won. Now that the armistice has been signed, and peace negotiations are pending, the military army is gradually being demolished, as its part of the work is nearly at an end; to the financial army has been given the honor of seeing to it that the monetary expenses of our victory are paid," and all the world knows the .result. "Allen County never failed," held true again. While Bluffton, Delphos, Lima and Spencerville handled the first loan (township reports are not available in any of the loans), Beaver Dam reported $83,700; Bluffton, $415,800; Delphos, $1,507,200;

488 - HISTORY OF ALLEN COUNTY

Elida, $94,350 ; Harrod, $61,150; Lafayette, $74,300 ; Lima, $6,017,600, and Spencerville, $373,400, each bank in Allen County finally acting as an agent for Uncle Sam in securing the money. The increased amounts in the different loans indicated that the people were growing accustomed to the process ; while some run well for a season, others gathered momentum from the different loans, Mr. Bayley saying the forces were finally so well organized—some having supported all of the loans-that when it came to the Victory loan the money was paid without much effort on the part of the organization ; it was like clock work in Allen County. So many performed excellent service that Mr. Bayley finds it an impossibility to pay tribute to individuals. The fact that Allen County attained to its quota in each loan is tribute quite sufficient.

In his farewell address to the American army at the close of the Revolutionary war, General George Washington said : "The name of America which belongs to you in your national capacity must always exalt the just pride of patriotism ; you have in a common cause fought and triumphed together ; the independence and liberty you possess are the work of joint counsels and joint efforts ; of common dangers, sufferings and successes." Those words apply with equal weight to the military and financial armies who together triumphed again ; the soldiers under Washington were fighting against the Mother Country, while in the last instance they were united against the Fatherland. The sons of America were allies in the World war. The citizenry who "carried on" at home, keeping the armies afield had their part in winning the war. The banks were the bulwarks of the nation, and America helped to sustain the credit of the world. The American loans helped to sustain other armies in the field. Now that the time of settlement approaches, the Allies are bargaining with each other, but America never entered war for conquest.

"Keep the home fires burning," and Allen County banks are again financing the domestic situation. A news item at the 1920 Christmastide, says : "Lima banks yesterday mailed more than a quarter of a million dollars to Christmas Savings Club depositors who have been saving a few pennies each week, in anticipation of the annual gift giving season ; the largest amount mailed out from any one bank was from the Lima Trust Company, the checks totaling $125,000 at this institution. Bank officials are already formulating plans for next year's Christmas Savings clubs, and they declare that advance information leads to the belief that 1921 will see a great increase in the number of Christmas Savings depositors." The Christmas Savings Deposit idea was launched by the First National Bank and the Citizens Building & Loan Company, and soon all the banking houses opened similar accounts ; the depositors beginning with small amounts and increasing from week to week until a goodly sum accumulates within a year ; the plan has found favor with many who are thus fortified with Christmas money.

A holiday time news item says : "Tonight for the first time in the history of banking in Lima the doors of all the leading financial institutions will swing wide to welcome Savings and Christmas club depositors. Chief of Police Roush is on the job and has assigned a triple detail of armed blue coats and plain clothes men to patrol the banking district between the hours of 2 :30 and 8 o'clock p.m., to insure the safety of savings depositors ; bankers are not agreed on the plan, but they all admit that the psychological time to interest people in saving is when they have the money ; other cities have adopted the Saturday Night Savings Bank plan, and the experiment will be watched with much interest in Allen County."

HISTORY OF ALLEN COUNTY - 489

Some happy phrase maker has characterized finance as the liquid motion of the fluidity of money, and there is a saying that "A fool and his money are soon parted," and the Saturday night banking may be the solution of the difficulty. There are two household words in every community—capital and labor-and the sooner there is capital to the credit of labor, the sooner there will be an amicable adjustment of difficulties ; it is necessary that capital and labor understand each other and work together. Perhaps there are none in Allen County whose principal occupation is clipping coupons, and yet there are many bank depositors. Every little town feels the need of a Savings bank, and Allen County banks are equipped with modern safety devices, time locks, etc. The newspapers are full of bank robbery stories, and forewarned is f ore- armed in the Allen County banking institutions.

While Allen County banks have withstood the maelstrom-the whirlwinds of financial difficulties in most instances—there have been a few bank failures ; there have never been heavy withdrawals of deposits because of lack of confidence. At the time of the monetary panic in 1873, B. C. Faurot, . who was then at the height of his prosperity, was enroute to California; when news of a nation-wide panic reached him he telegraphed the banks in Lima that he was returning, and the local panic which was in prospect subsided when the creditors saw his attitude toward it ; he owned 700 acres of cultivated farm land in Allen County, and he at once placed his property between the depositors and a possible loss of their funds on deposit ; this restored local confidence and perhaps averted a panic ; it demonstrated the fact again that Mr. Faurot was a man with a vision, and always equal to the emergency. At the time of the demonitization of silver he saved the day in Allen County.

There was a Hurd & Jacobs Bank that closed its doors in the early history of banking in Lima, but T. K. Jacobs, Sr., later paid every dollar, and the depositors lost nothing ; he had the confidence of the public and finally pulled out of the difficulty. Mr. Jacobs was a philanthropist who prospered in all of his undertakings, although he realized temporary embarrassment. While Mr. Faurot finally redeemed all the paper of the Lima National Bank in 1873, the bank was temporarily embarrassed ; with his railroad and other investments he fostered too many financial propositions. The Farmers Savings Bank was forced to the wall at the time, and in 1880, the First National Bank of Bluffton experienced difficulties ; it was a private bank and did not pay anything to depositors.

The rumbling of thunder in a clear financial sky was heard in Lima at the Christmastide, 1900, when $21,000 in late deposits was missing, and the door of a time lock vault, was standing open in a bank operated by Gus Kalb and N. L. Michaels. The janitor, Elijah Bowsher, had the bankers arrested for libelous utterances, and recovered judgment against them ; finally he was entrapped and proved to be the guilty party. Seven years elapsed before the details of this daring bank robbery came to light, and the culprit was finally brought to justice ; the bank was Jewish capital, Kalb and Michaels having established it, and it was as an accommodation on their part that they received late deposits from Lima business men on Christmas Eve. Christmas came on Saturday, and on Sunday morning when the owners visited the bank, the $21,000 Saturday night deposits which had been placed as a lump sum in the safe, was missing, and the vault door was standing open ; it was more than a nine days' wonder ; it was a seven years' mystery ; seemingly there was no explanation. Finally the story was told by a woman.

490 - HISTORY OF ALLEN COUNTY

This daring Christmastide bank robbery put Lima on the map of the financial world ; time lock experts came from everywhere, but no explanations were forthcoming; it was an awful setback to the sale of time lock safes ; the money was missing and the safe was standing open; the bankers had closed it themselves. They were wealthy men and the amount in question would have been no temptation to them ; all concerned disclaimed any knowledge of crookedness, and yet all but the guilty one were under continuous suspicion ; there were law suits galore and the bank went out of business ; the robbery was still a mystery. Finally the old saying: "Murder will out," began to come true, and "the women in the case spilled the beans" for the man who had so successfully concealed his identity.

The master mind in the bank robbery was an insurance agent. It was found out that Thomas Wilkins put the idea into the head of Elijah Bowsher who was the bank janitor. At the risk of smothering, the janitor concealed himself within the safe before the time for the final deposit ; he was a mechanic and had understood the plan of the lock ; by removing a small fixture he could open the safe door from the inside ; it was a deep laid scheme on the part of Thomas Wilkins, and it was successfully carried out by Elijah Bowsher ; it was their own secret until the Wilkins share of the money vanished, and the wife of Wilkins came on to Bowsher for his money. "My dog hunts best alone," but there were two persons in the arrangement ; when the coast was clear Wilkins sounded the news to Bowsher who disconnected the lock and marched out of the safe ; they divided the money and it was their own secret until Mrs. Wilkins demanded Bowsher's reserve fund ; it is said that neither one knew the amount they had secured, but the depositors' claims were for $21,000, and this money had been put into the safe at one time and in one lump sum; the robbers did not disturb any other money ; they were partial to Christmas money.

Both Wilkins and Bowsher had checking accounts without the useless formality of drawing checks ; the Wilkins deposit was under a couch cover in his home, while the Bowsher fund was stored in a gas pipe in the basement at the bank ; although he had been arrested and acquited, Bowsher who had wisely remained on the job until the bank suspended, finally removing to the country, and was resting in seeming security until Mrs. Wilkins was in need of more fine clothes. She was recognized as the best dressed woman in Lima while the money sewed into the couch cover lasted, but there came an evil day for Bowsher ; she approached him on the question of finance. Judge William Klinger was prosecuting attorney when Bowsher found himself in "hot water." He told his story for the first time, and the public learned the sequel to the great Christmas bank robbery seven years later. While there are as many versions of the story as there are persons who relate it, some semblance of the truth in the matter is thus on record about it. There is no other robbery on record like it. Safe manufacturers all over the world know the story ; it is said that Wilkins and Bowsher both served time for it, and that both are free again.

Another high finance story is the Yoakam robbery January 9, 1909, at a lonely farm house in Shawnee Township ; the victims were James and May Yoakam who lived alone. Their son-in-law, Fred Soutter, and their daughter happened to be guests and unknown to the robbers. Averyl L. Van Gunten was Allen County sheriff and handled the case; a shaking up in Lima police circles ensued which resulted in Chief of Police Walter Mills leaving town ; a saloon-keeper, Chris Geiger, mapped the road and planned the robbery ; it was popularly under-

HISTORY OF ALLEN COUNTY - 491

stood that the elderly couple living there had "oodles" of money, and that they never banked any of it. It seems that the Yoakam wealth was overestimated, as the robbers only •secured $600 for their trouble. "'Well, that slips my mind," men would say when questioned about the story. "Well let met see—there were two old people living there alone, and the old man Yoakam owned 400 or 500 acres of land, and while the robbers encountered their daughter and her husband unexpectedly— had not contemplated visitors in the Yoakam household, they were not disconcerted ; they had a plan of the house and soon mastered the situation," and all remembered Geiger as a go-between for the bandits.

The story was heard from several sources, and it seems that the old man and his wife slept down stairs, while the guests were occupying an upper room ; the bandits bound the old people hand and foot and then they bound the guests ; when all were bound the bandits proceeded to search the house ; when they did not find the amount of money they expected, they proceeded to torture the old people ; they turned the bed clothes over their heads and put acid on their toes, making them believe they were burning them in their beds ; the old man who was eighty-seven years old, never went to sleep again without .having visions of midnight marauders ; they told where their money was and the midnight visitors left them tied when they left the house ; it was a night of terror for them, and warning to others not to hoard money in their homes.

Next morning, when three strangers boarded the Toledo Interurban car north of Lima, Carl Jacobs, the conductor, gave the alarm which resulted in the capture of Thomas Dillon, James Morgan and Thomas -Henderson, but James Morgan escaped and was later captured in Indiana. In their trial the bandits connected Mr. Geiger with the robbery ; he had furnished them the plan of the house, and it is said there was enough against him to "hold him the rest of his days," if he had escaped connection with the Yoakam robbery ; he died in the penitentiary. Sheriff Van Gunten found the money in a box car at Deshler. . While other holdups have been staged in Allen County, nothing else attracted as much attention as the Christmastide safe robbery, and the Yoakam farm house tragedy ; while there was no loss of life, there was terrible suspense. Mr. Yoakam did not live many years. With improved highways and automobile travel, rural residents have learned to guard themselves. The bandits in the Yoakam case were headed for Toledo, and criminals still rendezvous in that city. The cheapest bookkeeper available is the bank, and a check book is safer than a stocking deposit ; the checks come back as records of all business transactions.

While there is a great deal of wealth in Allen County today, there was a coterie of business men a generation ago who attracted more attention to themselves ; there was more said about the investments of B. C. Faurot and of C. S. Brice than is said about any present day financiers ; conservatism is characteristic of Lima business men today. Senator Brice attracted the attention of the whole financial world when in connection with Li Hung Chang he organized a syndicate to build railroads in China., When Li Hung Chang visited America, he and Senator Brice became good friends, and when their railroad stock was on the market they did not have to seek for buyers. Stock was being taken by London and Paris bankers, and United States investors were eager for it. The death of Senator Brice and Li Hung Chang just when their undertaking was an assured financial possibility stopped the whole thing. While Senator Brice had removed to New York, Lima always claimed him as a citizen.

492 - HISTORY OF ALLEN COUNTY

It has been impossible to gain an accurate knowledge of the income tax in Allen County ; the deputy revenue collector, S. P. Herr, reports that some of it is collected through Toledo, and some through Washington, beside the local collections ; personally, Mr. Herr had collected income tax ranging from three cents to $2,854, but he had no figures at hand covering any definite period. County Treasurer L. E. Miller does not have the government records. It seems that those who have money must pay for the privilege vouchsafed to them ; must pay for their stewardship. It is said there will be classification of property under the commission form of government, and Lima property owners may have greater assessments because of the valuation or nature of property ; the question is argued pro and con, but 1922 will settle the question. Andrew Mellon, U. S. Secretary of the Treasury, estimated that on March 15, 1921, when the time limit was imposed for income tax, "when laboriously reckoned incomes and business profits for the year of 1920 were presented in the form of business and excess profits tax returns to collectors of internal revenue throughout the country, the United States Government would be richer by approximately $500,000,000, but the receipts will be used immediately to retire some short term borrowings or certificates of indebtedness ; some of the tax experts expected the collection to reach $600,000,000, but there will be use for the extra funds in reducing the public debt, and the redemption of war saving securities. While one year ago the income tax reached $800,000,000, the business depression covering the last half of 1920 was expected to reduce the last collection."

The rule will hold good in Allen County that the pioneer families who are now possessed of wealth have it as a result of the real estate investments of their ancestry ; they secured land and benefited from its advance in value. At this centennial period there is very little real estate, however, that has not passed from the hands of the original owner by sale rather than inheritance. The name of James W. Riley as surveyor appears in the records that bring up the Congress land transfers, and there are still a few pieces of realty that have descended through the family name. It is said the Barney Satterthwaite holdings have only changed ownership by inheritance, Adeline Satterthwaite now owning centrally located property in Lima that has never been transferred since the original purchase ; there are forty-nine and ninety-nine- year leases—just a recent thing in the Allen County real estate world, and thus some of this centrally located property is destined to remain in the same ownership indefinitely.

Many business men who require all their capital in operating the business, pay exorbitant rentals ; the long-term lease enables them to improve business property to suit themselves, and thus much property that had been allowed to depreciate in value is utilized ; some centrally located property in Lima is allowed to remain idle because the owner does not need the money and will not sell it. While there are but few non-resident landlords, it is said that comparatively few business men own the real estate where they operate their business ; it is said that amicable relations exist between landlords and tenents ; in these days of business readjustments, landlords have been content with a reasonable return from their holdings ; when a landlord makes five per cent net on his investments, the word profiteer is not applied to him ; the rent hog is seldom mentioned in Allen County. Lima landlords' have been considered humane all through the war period of advanced prices.

C. A. Graham of Lima relates that the Graham farmstead owned by himself and two brothers, T. H., and G. W. Graham, was one time

HISTORY OF ALLEN COUNTY - 493

all in Allen County, and that it has never changed ownership only by inheritance ; the land in Union Township, Auglaize County at this time, was entered by his grandfather, Charles Graham ; when he died it descended to 'his two sons, John and Christopher. In time Christopher sold his equity to John Graham who died December 1, 1913, and his three sons now own the property ; forty acres of it lies in Perry Township, separated from the rest by a fence on the Allen-Auglaize County line, and it belongs to G. W. Graham. The deed to this land was made by President Andrew Jackson, and there has never been a transfer of any of it from the Graham family. The same thing is reported in Sugar Creek Township; the eighty-acre tract owned by W. I. Miller was deeded by President Jackson to Thomas Miller ; from him it was inherited by Thomas W. Miller, and it is now owned by W. I. Miller in the third generation from the original purchaser without transfer of title from the family name; perhaps there is other "Congress" land in Allen County. The Graham land was purchased from the government in 1831, and in the following year a two-story hewed log house made from black walnut was built on it; in 1867 a frame house built from the same kind of timber marked the site, and although on the Auglaize side it is a landmark there today; until 1848, this land was in Allen County.

The forty-nine and ninety-nine-year lease is not a mortgage ; simply for a consideration the owner who does not wish to expend money for improvements relinquishes his control of the property ; he has a fixed income from it. Since the 1920 Interchurch World Religious Survey in Allen County revealed the fact that eighty per cent of the farmers own and occupy their own land, there is perhaps very little mortgaged property ; since "wild oats" is generally sowed on mortgaged land, it follows that there is excellent morale in Allen County. Some rhymester says :

"Wild oats, my son, are sown at night,

But be it plainly understood,

That in the next morning's early light,

It does not make good breakfast food."

The first real estate dealer in Allen County was Christopher Wood whose personal history is elsewhere given; he was an early settler, and when Lima was placed on the map of Allen County, he became the county's representative in the sale of lots ; it is said the lot sale prices averaged about $25, and that the entire quarter square now occupied by Memorial Hall as a clearing house for all the social and business interests of Allen County, was transferred by him to Dr. William Cunningham for $36.75, and this property was not transferred again until it reverted back to Allen County. In 1838, Thomas K. Jacobs, who located in Lima as a tailor, but who later sustained many different business relations to the community, entered actively into the real estate business, and in his day he handled more property than any other dealer ; the Jacobs family has always been identified with the real estate business in Lima to the third generation. There are several Jacobs additions to the original plat of Lima.

When Gen. William Blackburn as receiver for the United States land office in Wapakoneta was transferred to Lima he soon turned his attention to real estate, removing from Lima to Allentown but he was unable to change the location of the county seat ; while General Blackburn was in charge of the government land office in Lima, there were no local banks and since he handled large sums of silver and gold he

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was obliged to transport it to Columbus by wagon ; it was a position of great responsibility, but there were fewer highway robbers in the country ; with the increase in population came the criminal class ; while General Blackburn was in control of the land office in Lima there was just one error in his accounts ; he did not retain a commission and after his death it was returned to his estate, May 7, 1858, being the date of the credit. It is not often that "dealers in dirt" forget the commission; that is why they commit themselves.

There is now a Lima Real Estate Board, organized November 21, 1918, which is a factor in local developments ; no organization does more to advertise the community. The Real Estate Board has advocated the reappraisal of property, and has volunteered its service in securing fair valuation. The constitution says : "The object of this board is to establish and standardize the business of Real Estate Brokerage so that it shall obtain and hold the confidence and respect of both owners and purchasers, * * * to institute rules for uniform commissions, customs and practices so far as they may be reasonable ; to cultivate and enforce fair dealing, and foster goodfellowship among its members in their business of buying, selling, renting and managing real estate and loaning money thereon ; to provide an organized center of effort for adequate and economic civic development ; to procure just and even taxation ; to promote such a system of law and administration as shall protect our citizens, encourage industry and attract the desirable population to which our condition entitles us ; to especially guard and advance the interests of real estate ownership and leaseholds ; and to devise, advocate and support legislation calculated to improve our cities," and it is provided that active and associate members may constitute the board.

As secretary of the Lima Real Estate Board, John J. Wyre said there had not been much real estate activity in the last half of 1920, but that Allen County had always been a good field for real estate dealers ; there has always been property activity. While the settlers had advantage of the preemption price of $1.25 an acre, much Allen County farm land has reached $250 and $300 in recent years ; there has been an upward trend of values since 1900, but the rapid advance came when in 1914, the war-ridden countries of Europe began demanding American food products ; inflated prices came first to farmers and they have been first to feel the reduction ; a recent farm journal editorial says : "Slow business, closed shops and mills, reduced railroad operations, wage cuts, strikes and unemployment are met with in every direction ; the farmer was made the goat six months ago, but the rest are getting theirs now ; and however much the farmer may sympathize with other people in their troubles, he cannot forget the fact that the rest must travel the path that he was forced to walk in before we shall reach the level of economic equality that must precede any return of prosperity for anybody."

The novice may be unable to detect propaganda, but another recent editorial from the Lima Republican-Gazette says : "The land boom in Kansas, Iowa and other agricultural states is now bearing bitter f ruit; farmers who bought land at two or three times its pre-war prices on a basis of inflated commodity prices, are now facing payment for it on a basis of prices not much above normal; they cannot do it. Most of the land that has bid up to $400 or $500 an acre, never paid more than a fair sum on $200 an acre before the war. * * * The city speculators who hold a large proportion of the farms bought at fancy prices need not be given any great amount of sympathy ; they might have known

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better ; they were primarily responsible for the absurd inflation to which so much farm land was subjected, and which played havoc with farm values generally ; they took a chance just as they might have done in the grain market and got stung. * * * It is the old story of excitable people being carried off their feet in boom times, and fancying that the high prices and profits will last forever."

It seems that Allen County-both rural and urban, has escaped the extreme fluctuations reported in some parts of the country, and the reaction will not prove so violent ; however, figures from the United States Bureau of Agriculture show that Allen County farm properties have increased seventy-eight per cent in value in the last ten years ; the grain harvests have shown an increase of from thirty-three to 500 per cent in the same time ; valuation of farm lands and buildings in the county in 1910 was $22,755,352, while the 1920 valuation was stated as $40,608,408 in the census estimate ; there are slightly fewer farms in operation in the county than ten years ago ; in 1910, there were 2,939 farms under cultivation, while in 1920 there were 2,909—a difference of thirty farms in ten years. There are three negroes operating Allen County farms ; the others are white men. The religious survey reported eighty per cent of the farms as operated by their owners, while the census figures say sixty-seven per cent ; in 1910 there were 240,472 acres under cultivation, while ten years later the census showed 241,488 acres-an increase of more than 1,000 acres.

A local report says that building in Lima in 1920 fell under the 1919 expenditure by $1,000,000, although there is an estimated increase in the population ; the 1920 building report was in turn approximately $100,000 more than it had been in 1918—the last year of the war. With the end of the war there was a building boom which dropped off again ; it is said that a presidential campaign always produces a slump in business ; building material had reached the high water mark, and it is said reconstruction periods are always accompanied by periods of stagnation. While Allen County property will not be apt to advance much higher in price, conservative dealers expect it to hold its own, and business is approaching "normalcy" again. Some of the landmarks of Lima have changed ownership, and while it is comparatively an easy matter to list property sometimes the prices are prohibitive.

CHAPTER XLVI

HOSPITALS IN ALLEN COUNTY

One full rounded-out century seems a good while in human history. May 12, 1920—just three months from the first centenary in Allen County—was the centenary of the birth of Florence Nightingale. She is the woman who gave to the world the idea of scientific nursing ; she is the mother of hospitals. The names of Florence Nightingale and Clara Barton, the Red Cross Army nurse, cannot be too highly honored in any community.

The popular understanding of the word "hospital" is different from the dictionary definition for it. While it costs money to have appendicitis or to be a victim of the surgeon's blade, the hospital is nevertheless the helping hand held out to, for and by society. Webster says the hospital is a building appropriated for the reception of sick, infirm and helpless paupers who are supported and nursed by charity, but that phase of life is not emphasized in Allen County hospitals. It is a place where those in need of nursing and medicine receive attention. There are public and private charities, but the hospital is not necessarily a charity. The Christian Science practitioner, the osteopath and chiropractic "doctors" alike recognize the advantages of good nursing, and the hospital serves an excellent purpose in the community. While enterprising citizens sometimes operate hospitals on a basis of profit, the idea is an outgrowth of Christianity.

The hospital is a sort of an auxiliary to the medical doctor, and the surgeon frequently makes of it a life-saving station. While all reputable physicians order patients to the different Allen County hospitals, the surgery is limited to few practitioners, specialists being available at all times. The original hospital in this part of the moral heritage was at Fort Amanda. In the center of the palisade was a building which was used for stores and in 1813, when an army hospital was needed, an upper story was added, and most of those who now rest in the military cemetery there died in this hospital—not a cheerful thought for an invalid facing a hospital experience. However, the soldiers far from relatives and friends must have appreciated its friendly shelter. While there is no record of the army staff of physicians, after the hospital was established in the blockhouse at Fort Amanda, the Rev. Samuel Shannon, who had left Princeton College to join the army, became the resident chaplain. Under present-day conditions both doctors of divinity and doctors of medicine pay professional visits to hospitals. Sometimes the doctor of law is called into the case. There is mention of Dr. Samuel Lewis at Fort Amanda, with the statement that there was a shortage of army surgeons, and that Rev. Samuel Shannon, who was army chaplain, acted in both spiritual and medical advisory capacity.

The first local record of charity or oversight of Allen County's unfortunates was October 1, 1831, when the county commissioners appointed Henry Lippincott to prepare plans for "fixing some place of confinement for Uri Martin, under arrest as an insane person." Another account says it was William Martin, and states that Sheriff Lippincott was awarded $4 for his services in arranging this place of confinement for the afflicted man, and the question arises as to whether it were a hospital or a prison. Since the man was not a criminal it seems proper to consider his place of confinement as a hospital. It seems that the case was urgent,

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and that temporary quarters was provided "till better arrangements can be made," and the commissioners met again in the afternoon of the same day relative to the Martin incident. They considered calling a physician but since it was mental trouble they did not do it. They thought it would require more than medicine to restore the man's mental condition. It was a long look ahead from this first case of insanity to the State Hospital for criminally insane now within the borders of Allen County.

When the Miami and Erie Canal was being constructed through the western part of Allen County in the '40s, the contractors recognized the need of reliable medical advice, although there were no hospital advantages, and Dr. William McHenry, who was Lima's foremost physician, made twice-a-week trips to Delphos, rather as a measuure of prevention than cure, and there are families and corporations today who pay doctors to keep them well rather than cure them of diseases. The welfare idea is as old as Allen County itself. In 1857, the Thespian Club of Lima gave a drama entitled "Black-Eyed Susan" for the benefit of someone injured in a Fourth of July explosion, but there is no record of where he was given attention. He lost his arms as a result of the injury. It is a part of the pioneer history that women went about ministering to the sick and afflicted, but it was always voluntary service. There always have been Florence Nightingales in Allen County.

There is casual mention of the Meyers Hospital in Lima, but no description of it in the papers available for research. Someone said that a widow opened her home in the vicinity of Memorial Hall, and that was the Meyers Hospital ; many never heard of it. While the true meaning of the hospital—its primary mission—is first aid to the injured, there is excellent nursing available and sometimes the homes are unable to supply it. Physicians always recommend efficient nurses and the hospital is the place where they get their training. Only public spirited citizens take hold of enterprises that do not pay dividends, and Allen

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County hospitals are operated on a humanitarian basis rather than as profit-sharing institutions. The trend of popular thought on the subject of disease has rendered the hospital a necessity. "An ounce of prevention is better than a pound of cure," although a homely adage has lost none of its truthfulness, and people are learning now how to anticipate and prevent diseases.

While more people die of tuberculosis than from any other one disease, the Allen County Medical Society and all progressive physicians are united in a campaign of education and there are popular lectures on how to combat the ravages of the white plague. It used to be called consumption and its victims had no possible ray of hope until fresh air enthusiasts brought it to them. While Lima was a prosperous, growing city, it was tardy in turning its attention to hospital needs. It was not until 1894 that there was concerted effort toward a public hospital. While operations are now of every day occurrence, and a topic of polite conversation in many social circles, it was not until 1890 that appendicitis made it first appearance in Lima. There was no hospital and the operation occurred in the office of Dr. P. H. Brooks. The patient was Charles Swan and the operating surgeon was Doctor Stamm of Fremont. Till then polite society knew nothing of the vermiform appendix. Since then many local appendices have been removed, and today it is regarded in the light of a minor operation. In some communities clubs are organized among those minus the vermiform appendix. Any surgical operation admits one to polite society. "When I had my operation," and almost any one can finish the story. Many times an enforced vacation in a hospital is all the respite known to the patients and their friends are called upon to cultivate the virtue of forbearance. They must tell about the operation "once again."

When the progressive citizens of Lima began agitating the question of a public hospital, there were public meetings and newspaper articles on the subject. "As Lima put off the childish ways of a village and put on the manly ways of a city," it recognized the need of a hospital. It was in 1894 that the sentiment began to crystallize into definite plans and when the movement was started the local pastors' union—perhaps the Lima Ministerial Association—was behind it. There were committees appointed and there were conferences with the Allen County Medical Society. These joint committees worked out the preliminaries and there were mass meetings always well attended. A hospital society was organized, strictly nonsectarian, although every religious organization supported it, and the name "Lima City Hospital Society" was chosen for it.

Mrs. Villa Cook was the one woman named on the hospital board of ten members, and while she always attended the meetings in the capacity of a listener, when the question of hospital property came up for discussion, she suggested the Overmyer property on East Market street. While a sarcastic member of the board replied that no old house would be purchased for a hospital, the plan finally worked out and the suggestion made by a woman carried. Lima had doffed its swaddling clothes and with a hospital it had become a city. The complexity of civilization had changed the old-fashioned conception of the word "neighbor," and there was need of public oversight of those unable to take care of themselves. When Allen County mothers visited and ministered to the sick, the strength of the patient was often exhausted in an effort to appear friendly and hospitable, but the time came when the trained nurse from the hospital changed the situation—the patient was protected from friendly visitors. When a nurse has been installed

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friends do not think of visiting the sick. While they inquire about those afflicted, they do not ask to see them.

In 1894 the hospital question concerned the whole community. There were meetings held and benefits were planned. In asking to stage a benefit, the Lima Lodge of Elks said : "We feel the great necessity for a place where the halt, the lame and the blind without regard to creed and nationality, can be taken in and their burdens lightened. There is nothing that could command our more hearty support. We thank you for the honor you have conferred upon us. Yours in charity, justice, brotherly love and fidelity," and right well did they prove their interest by giving a minstrel show netting $816.30 for the hospital. There was a board of trustees, but the whole community was interested in the site of the hospital. The Overmyer property was purchased November 27, 1898, the consideration being $3,635, Dr. S. B. Hiner acting for the Lima City Hospital Association in buying it. He was a public spirited, progressive citizen, and remained actively interested in the hospital till the end of his days. He was one of God's chosen people and many pay tribute to him. He was a surgeon for the C. & E. Railroad and he organized the Northwestern Ohio Medical Association. The property has 100 feet front on Market street and the lot is 266 feet on Scott street. It is underlaid with gravel, and is a sanitary possibility. There was a two-story brick house. The property had to be remodeled and a nurse's home was acquired adjoining it. On January 15, 1899, the board appointed twenty women as hospital managers and they worked earnestly in providing the necessary equipment. They popularized "sweet charity," and everybody stood ready to contribute to it. Numerous local organizations gave benefit entertainments, and $50 life memberships were taken by many citizens. The remodeled hospital was ready for occupancy April 1, 1899, and Mr. and Mrs. J. T. Black became the first superintendent and matron. They remained four years in charge of the hospital. Mrs. Black was a practical nurse, but the time came when a scientifically trained nurse was in demand at the head of the institution. The duties were arduous and Mrs. Black was no longer able to attend to them. She had assumed too much responsibility and the time came when she had to relinquish it. Mrs. Black is shown in the group of nurses and the man with the broken arm was among the first patients at the Lima City Hospital. Mrs. Black was known to all physicians as an excellent nurse. When she left the city hospital she established a maternity hospital in her home, taking only as many patients as she could care for alone.

The demand for hospital accommodations was soon greater than the capacity. There were applications from many patients outside of Allen County. In 1899 the Lima City Council made a levy for the support of the hospital and each year it contributes to its support. Charity patients are received and they receive treatment by the hospital staff of Lima physicians. All physicians who register patients are members of the hospital staff. Because of the city support, policemen, firemen and other public servants are received at the hospital. In its present form the Lima City Hospital accommodates ninety patients. There are thirty student nurses, some remaining to complete the course of training. The pay patients make the hospital able to care for others, although no emphasis is placed on charity. Graduated nurses frequently come back as special with pay patients. The school of nurses was opened January 1, 1902, under the supervision of Alice Henderson, chief nurse. The business manager is B. H. Simpson and Miss Roma Lambert is now superintendent of nurses, conducting the school and having oversight of the