1	50	100	150
200	250	300	350
400	450	500	550
600	650	700	750
800

Historical Index. Preface 7 Introduction 11 Chapter I. Geology of Ashland County 13 Chapter II. Indians as a Race 18 Chapter Ill. Ashland County 28 Chapter IV. Early Settlers of Ashland County 34 Chapter V. Early Incidents 95 Chapter VI. Townships 125 Montgomery township 125 Lake township 126 Mohican township 127 Clear Creek township 131 Sullivan township 135 Milton township 138 Hanover township 139 Green township 143 Vermillion township 149 Perry township 152 Mifflin township 154 Orange township 158 Ruggles township 161 Troy township 164 Jackson township 165 Chapter VII Cities, Towns and Villages 170 Chapter VIII. Military 196 Chapter IX. Education in Ashland County 222 Chapter X. History of the Churches of Ashland 233 Chapter XI. The Press and the Legal and Medical Professions 241 Chapter XII. Miscellaneous 245 Addenda 259 - 1 - Biographical Index. Aber. Samuel 465 Alleman, C. T. 472 Andress, Upton 477 Arnold, J. E. 303 Arnold, S. L. 302 Ash, L. B. 378 Aten, William 866 Harrick, Stephen 452 Beard, Orra 765 Beattie, T. H. 519 Beer, S. W. 492 Beninghof, J. B. 305 Berry, C. L. 734 Bird, Sparks 306 Bittinger, J. M. 825 Black, S. W. 510 Bolles. S. S. 558 Bowman, J. P. 833 bowman. Joshua 408 Briggs, E. S. 808 Brinton, J. B. 791 Brown, .T. N. 429 Brown, J. W. 852 Brubaker, Cornelius 540 Brubaker, D. F. 460 Brubaker, G. W. 368 Brubaker, George 768 Brubaker, J. E. 858 Brubaker, Jacob 336 Brubaker, W. H. 311 Bryan, C. H. 500 Buchanan, F. P. 413 Budd, W. S. 629 Butler, Albert 480 Campbell, C. E. 616 Carey, C. L. 766 Carey, C. W. 709 Casner, S. S. 695 Cassel, G. A . 512 Cassel, George 293 Chapman, C. C. 861 Charles. E. H. 863 Chase, J. B. 712 Christofel, Nancy 774 Clark, J. S. 646 Clark, M. W. 669 Clark, P. H. 286 Coe, N. McD. 717 Cole, John 845 Cooper, W. W. 335 Cosner, Henry 559 Coulter, T. W. 754 Covert, J. E. 482 Cowan, F. 725 Cowan, U. W. 687 Cowen, P. C. 771 Creveling, J. A. 367 Crittenden, Alvin 457 Crone, J. F. 509 Crone, J. L. 509 Crowell, J. L. 387 Crowell, T. P. 343 Culler, P. M. 690 Culler, Sebastian 677 Cummings, L. Q. 775 Dalton, H. F. 607 De Shong;, M. B. 831 Deyarmon, J. D. 838 Donald, I. K. 735 Donley, T. C. 491 Donley, W. E. 539 Downs, B. F. 417 Dudley, E. F. 449 Eagle, Charles 679 Eagle, G. W. 668 Eberhart, H. H. 422 Eberhart. J.M. 812 Eby, S. P. 814 Edwards, Frederick 824 Emerick, O. W. 723 Emery, W. F. 376 Enck, Charles 351 Enck, H. E. 364 Farnsworth, Melanethon 818 Farquharson, J. C. 487 Feichter, Friederic 323 First National Bank 811 - 3 - INDEX. Flinn, William 678 Fisher, W. S. 595 Fluke, John 356 Fox, Justus 538 Frangkiser, Michael 770 Freer, F. W. 478 Fridline, Alonzo 665 Fridline, E. N. 662 Fridline, U. S. Grant 619 Fridline, Jacob 397 Frink, Maurice 715 Fritringer, A. W. 834 Fuhrman, E. H. 660 Fuller, G. B. 729 Fulmer, Jacob 331 Funk, L. A. 657 Galloway, L. C. 526 Ganyard, F. W. 843 Garber, A. L. 576 Garrison, A. L. 366 Garst, G. W. 548 Gates, W. H. 592 Glenn, R. L. 528 Gongwer, Seth 430 Good, L. H. 289 Goudy, Abel 620 Grabill, S. H. 394 Graven, D. H. 837 Griner, A. J. 488 Groeshner, L. M. 497 Harkness, H. H. 324 Harper, J. W. 398 Harris. F. E. 848 Harris, G. I. 750 Hartman, George 667 Hartman, J. L. 481 Heflelfinger, G. M. 536 Heichel, John 597 Heifner, L. E. 516 Helbert, C. I. 686 Helbert, Edmond 546 Helbert, Henry 502 Helbert, Michael 830 Heltman, W. G. 432 Henderson, J. A. 442 Henley, G. C. 787 Hess, William 531 Hildebrand, George 682 Hileman, B. W. 744 Hiller, D. C. 295 Hisey, J. A. 731 Hohenshil, Solomon 720 Hollinger, Thomas 700 Holmes, H. W. 762 Hoot, B. A. 756 Hoover, W. S. 555 Houseman, J. W. 847 Huff, W. H552 Huffman, M. D. 469 Humm, M. L. 640 Humphrey, B. F. 824 Hunter, David 822 Hunter, J. P. 751 Hunter, R. R. 797 Huston, W. T. 608 Hyde, Anson 726 Jacoby. G. W. 407 Jennings, J. D. 786 Jennings, J. O. 404 Johnson, G. A. 506 Johnson, R. M. 732 Kagey, H. H. 276 Kahl, S. S. 561 Karth, S. L. 438 Kauffman, Daniel 617 Kauffman, L. A. 816 Kauffman, H. S. 314 Kauffman, J. E. 334 Keck, William 340 Kestner, F. H. 807 Kettenring, J. F. 850 Kettering, Jacob 571 Kilaver, J. F. 655 Kinnaman, R. C. 316 Kohler, A. M. 835 Kunkel, Christian 365 Lampbrecht, Emil 696 Landes, C. W. 456 Landis, Reuben 579 Latimer, W. S. 737 Leech, S. A. 702 Leidigh, D. W. 567 Leidigh, E. L. 517 Leonhart, G. J. 851 Long, David 447 Long, J. B. 609 Lorentz, G. W. 625 Lutz, John 600 McAdoo, J. B. 296 McAdoo, W. H. 862 McClellan, W. M. 321 McConnell, G. C. 522 -4- INDEX. McConnell, J. F. 649 McConnell, John 672 McCool, C. W. 490 McCray, H. L. 281 McCready, M. W. 299 McDowell, E. A. 560 McFarland, Uriah 632 McRean, T. N. 498 Mang, J. F. 671 Marks, F. R. 383 Mason, C. H. 782 Maurer, H. H. 740 Ma.yner, J. E. 322 Metcalf, A. C. 499 Metcalf, Levi 562 Miles, E. W. 842 Millar, G. W. 385 Miller, E. E. 542 Miller, G. L. 747 Miller, I. L. 601 Miller, J. A . 763 Miller, L. C. 345 Miller, T. W. 590 Minamyer, Morgan 631 Mitchelson, G. J. 395 Moffett, P. C. 535 Mohn, D. L. 411 Moore, T. H. 325 Moore, W. W. 304 Morr, G. M. 844 Morton, C. L. 728 Mumper, A. J. 445 Murphy, J. W. 789 Murray, G. B. 284 Myers, F. E. 799 Myers, Godfrey 659 Myers, P. A. 626 Nelson, J. B. 701 Neptune, H. J. 793 Noggle, William 556 Nyhart, J. M. 426 Obrecht, J. F. 414 Obrecht, John 518 Oswalt, Levi 612 Otter, W. D. 572 Otto, Michael 758 Owens, H. H. 508 Pancoast, Duff 351 Patterson, F. N. 279 Paullin, W. E. 602 Persons, W. F. 587 Peters, John 346 Phillips, D. A. 647 Pierce, Dewalt 680 Pifer, Samuel 291 Pippitt, H. R. 805 Pixley, G. W. 320 Plank, A. R. 796 Poorman, J. R. 315 Raubenolt, H. J. 854 Reaser, Conrad 795 Redding, P. M. 468 Remley, J. R. 585 Rice, Fernando 439 Richards, A. B. 382 Richards, L. B. 598 Richards, 0. B. 274 Riebel, G. P. 373 Riggs, S. W. 611 Roberts, H. A. 352 Robeson, J. T. 753 Rohn, C. M. & E. J. 547 Ross. M. C. 521 Rudy, V. E. 283 Rush,< J. J. 635 Sampsel, D. S. 312 Sampsel, W. H. 706 Scarborough, M. T. 588 Schaub, C. G. J. 418 Schroll, George 698 Scott, Alexander 391 Scott, C. F. 637 Seibert, M. K. 652 Sellers, C. L. 341 Shafer, J. C. 410 Shafer, Peter 855 Shambaugh, Alonzo 745 Sharick P. F. 809 Shaw, J. W. 467 Shearer, J. A. 377 Shearer, L. S. 451 Shelley, F. F. 776 Shelley, John 577 Sherick, A. L. 529 Shidler, William 739 Shinn, T. R. 374 Shoemaker, Elmer 486 Shopbell, J. E. 532 Simms. W. J. 853 Smith, C. L. 661 Smith, E. H. 275 Smith, E. P. 270 Smith, George 285 - 5 - INDEX Smith, I. C. 459 Smith, J. T. 622 Smith, Jacob 666 Snyder, Daniel 823 Snyder, J. M. 606 Snyder, Oscar 815 Spencer, C. F. 827 Spreng, J. E. 537 Spreng, John 688 Springer, John 675 Sprinkle, A. J. 388 Sprinkle, N. J. 437 Staman, C. C. 828 Staman, F. L. 656 Stamen, J. K. 710 Stewart, G. H. 265 Stine, F. P. 757 Stoner, John 354 Strausbaugh, J. H. 431 Swineford, C. W. 779 Thomas, Allen 541 Thornburg, T. E. 495 Tilton, Wilbert 396 Topping, W. V. B. 580 Ullman, Adam 569 Urban, B. J. 330 Van Horn, J. H. 692 Vanosdall, Clark 841 Vanosdall, H. B. 353 Vantilburg, Francis 748 Walker, S. S. 280 Walter, G. W. 859 Walter, Samuel 591 Welch, E. G. 550 Welch, John 326 Welch, Mr. and Mrs. Johnson 462 Welsh, J. J. 697 Weltmer, John 642 Welty, J. F. 441 Westover, H. C. 409 Wharton, E. E. 362 Wharton, R. J. 817 Whitcomb, C. F. 421 White, W. A. 641 Whitmarsh, W. G. 471 Wiest, S. G.361 Williams, L. A. 349 Winbigler, C. P. 610 Wirt, W. H. 681 Wolf, Isaac 780 Wolf, J. P. 708 Wolf, Jeremiah 857 Wolf, M. J. 849 Woner, C. J. 476 Worst, F. J. 333 Yearick. G. I. 450 Young, F. P. 839 Young, George 344 Young, Samuel 820 Zercher, B. F. 582 Zimmerman, H. F. 743 - 6-

PREFACE

Introductory to this work the author makes the following statement: After having written the history of Richland county, which was published in 1908, by the S. J. Clarke Company, of Chicago, I was engaged by the same firm to write a history of Ashland county. Next to old Richland, Ashland county I hold in the highest sentimental regard for my grandfather, Abraham Baughman was one of the first settlers in Green township, now in Ashland county, having settled near the Indian village of Greentown, when there was not another white settler in the Blackfork valley; there too my father, Jacob Baughman, was reared.

Pope advised, "Know then thyself," and to know ourselves we must know our local antecedent history and environments.

While introductory reference may be given of the early settlement of the territory of which Ohio is now a part, the main object of this work is to give the history of Ashland county from its erection in 1846 to the present time.

The bibliography of the Ashland county pre-historic earthworks will be given with a chapter upon the, Mound Builders that centuries ago fortified our hills and peopled our valleys.

America is the only country that was settled by pioneers, and the pioneer was one of the grandest types of humanity in the world. In selfdenial, in industry and in the practice of the virtues that distinguished good men and women the pioneers of America made a record in human affairs that should he the boast of their descendents from generation to generation. The Buckeye pioneers stood at the head of the list, and the Ashland county pioneers were well up in the ranks of their fellow Buckeyes. The lights and shadows of their toilsome lives form a picture beautiful to look upon and impressive in the lessons it teaches. A halo of romance clings around the history of each humble cabin that was a pioneer home. Deep, dark forests stretched for miles around, and the cries of wild beasts were borne upon the air when night's shadows hung in heavy folds over the earth. Sounds more fearsome was the wild whoop of the painted savages, and the cracks of their rifles as they waged unrelenting war against the settlers. But after the last savage had been driven so far toward the Pacific coast that he deceased to be a terror to the settlers of Ohio, hardships and dangers still surrounded the homes of the early settlers.

The pioneer days are now gone. The oldest men and women that remain are but links that connect the present with the mystical past.

We of the present day can honor ourselves by honoring those who preceeded us.

We should not ignore our obligations to the poineers, but in remembering them, congratulate ourselves that we live in an age of improved utilities. The pioneers were the manufacturers of almost everything they used, not only their farming implements, but also the fabrics with which they were clothed. [low different now.

All earthly things are given to change, and the firesides of the pioneer period have given place to the furnaces and registers of today. But the remembrance of the associations of the past has an attractive charm and a strong; hold on our sentiments' and affections. Though the scenes of our memory may be darkened by the shadows of bereavements and of sorrows, yet it is still a cherished indulgence to recall them. The rose and the thorn grow on the same bush; so the remembrance of the past, of ourfriendss who have "gone before,'' is mingled with both pleasure and sorrow.

ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS.

The author acknowledges himself indebted to the members of the advisory board for their encouragement and assistance, and to the press for itskindly notices. Also to friends for their assistance in the gathering and the compilation of the matter contained in this work.