650 - CHAMPAIGN COUNTY, OHIO. the first organization can be given. The lodge has always maintained an .active existence, and has a membership at the present time of fifty-four members. The lodge owns its own building, which was built at a cost of twenty-five hundred dollars and is located on the main street. Some of the present officers are as follow : Andy La Rue, noble grand; Ralph Johnson, vice-grand; W. A. Swisher, secretary; O. M. Clark, E. S. Perry, C. O. Middleton, and Jasper Evans. DAUGHTERS OF REBEKAH AT CHRISTIANSBURG. Sweet Home Lodge No. 524, Daughters of Rebekah at Christiansburg, was formally organized on August 7, 190o, with the following charter members : C. S. Leffel and wife, Calvin Stapleton and, wife, J. J. Long and wife, H. A. Bright and wife, William Wilson and wife, Lee Ream and wife, Mrs: Clara Furrow, Orlie Furrow and Maggie Johnson. The lodge has had a large increase in membership, all of whom work zealously in the interest of their organization. The first officers were the following : Sallie Leffel, noble grand; Jennie Long, vice-grand; Orlie Furrow, recording secretary ; Ella Wilson, financial secretary ; C. L. Leffel, treasurer ; Rachel Stapleton, warden; Frances Brelsford, conductor; Calvin Stapleton, outside guard; William Wilson, inside guard; H. A. Bright, right support to noble grand ; Lizzie Ream, left support to noble grand; Clara Furrow, right support to vice-grand; Bertha Bright, left support to vice-grand; Maggie Johnson, chaplain. The officers for 1917 include the following : Harriet Julian, noble grand; Etta Mott, vice-grand; Maude Dobbins, recording secretary; Minerva Hines, treasurer ; Rachel Stapleton, warden; Mattie Downing, conductor ; L. E. Downing, outside guard; Maggie Baker, inside guard; Sallie Leffel, right support to noble grand; Clara Andrews, left support to noble grand ; Lizzie Ream, right support to vice-grand; Lizzie Stevens, left support to vice-grand. ROSEWOOD ODD FELLOWS. The Odd Fellows at Rosewood own their own building, which was built at a cost of one thousand dollars. White Lily Lodge No. 449, Daughters of Rebekah, was organized at Rosewood, May 21, 1896, with the following charter members : A. C. Selly, J. B. Wirick, George Strickland, Joseph Hensler, D. P. Purk, J. E. Lemon, W. F. Bailor, S. D. Seely, .Estella Purk, Clara Strickland, Eliza Hensler, CHAMPAIGN COUNTY, OHIO - 651 Rosa Wirick, Blanch Neal, Bell Bailor, Minnie Cisco, Mae Bailor, and Hattie Lemon. The first officers included the following : Sarah Seely, noble grand; Hattie. Lemon, vice-grand ; Minnie Cisco, recording sercetary ; May Bailor, treasurer. The elective officers for the year 1917 are as follow : Laura Bodey, noble grand ; Allie Kite, vice-grand ; Ethel Jenkin, recording. secretary ; Chloe Allgyer, treasurer. This lodge is one of the strongest of the nine Rebekah lodges hi the county, having a membership at the present time of one hundred and five members. KNIGHTS OF PYTHIAS. Launcelot Lodge No. 107, Knights of Pythias, was organized at Urbana, June 12, 1877, with the following charter members : J. F. Shumate, W. A. Brand, J. F. Gowey, George M. Eichelberger, C. A. Ross, R. C. Horr, George F. Seibert, J. I. Blose, George W. Hitt, J. F. Brand, John Mayse, E. S. Helmich, J. C. Roof, Frank Chance, C. W. Clarke, C. L. Stough, H. D. Crow, Horace M. Crow, A. P. Ross, and F. F. Brand. The first officers included the following : W. A. Brand, chancellor commander ; George M. Eichelberger, vice-chancellor ; J. F. Gowey, prelate ; R. C. Horr, keeper of records and seal ; C. A. Ross, master of finance ; John Mayse, master of exchequer ; C. W. Clarke, master-at-arms ; Charles L. Stough, inner guard ; George W. Hitt, outer guard ; F. Shumate, G. M. Eichelberger and F. F. Brand, trustees. The officers for 1917 are as follow : I. W. McRoberts, chancellor commander ; E. A. Biggert, vice-chancellor ; J. W. Barker, prelate ; Ray Otto, keeper of records and seal ; C. S. Ireland, master of finance; H. B. Pette¬grew, master of exchequer ; Virgil Knull, master-at-arms ; Edward Knull, inner guard ; Sheridan Compton, outer guard ; George Koehle, Fred Snyder and Elmer Offenbacker, trustees. The present membership of the order is one hundred and twenty-nine. MECHANICSBURG KNIGHTS OF PYTHIAS. Homer Lodge No. 474, Knights of Pythias, was instituted at Mechanicsburg, February 18, 1891, with the following charter members : Charles W. Radebaugh, Fred J. Geile, H. S. Bailey, 0. T. Boulton, C. M. Runyan, W. M. Snodgrass, A. J. Harlan, J. D. Radebaugh, H. D. Mannington, Frank Colwell, H. Porterfield, T. J. Reece, J. D. Yocum, E. D. Neer, Charles V. Hulmes, Pearl Legge, William R. Mattox, C. E. Ferguson, Albert Kalb, Robert 652 - CHAMPAIGN COUNTY, OHIO. Embrey, Samuel H. Buffington, Frank Wood, P. E. Colwell, Jr., 0. W. Beeler, A. W. Long, J. J. Mumma, E. R. Boulton, C. W. Darling, E. H. Hageman, I. N. Bien, M. L. Legge, W. H. Harland, John B. Reece, C. C. Osborn, Frank Rowe, and F. A. Murphy. The first organization of the lodge included the following officers.: Charles W. Radebaugh, past chancellor ; E. H. Hageman, chancellor commander ; J. N. Bien, vice-chancellor ; Homer Porterfield, prelate ; H. D. Mannington, keeper of records and seal; Robert Embrey, master of exchequer ; Charles Humes, master of finance ; T. J. Reece, master-at-arms ; Pearl Legge, inside guard; John D. Radebaugh, outside guard. The present officers are : Guy King, past chancellor; W. J. McCarty, chancellor commander ; Lawrence Culbertson, vice-chancellor ; Harold. Shaw, prelate ; Charles A. Wood, keeper of records and seal; P. T.. Moore, master of exchequer ; E. V. McCarty, master of finance ; E. P. Snapp, master-at-arms ; Grover Sandy, inside guard; John Alexander, outside guard. The lodge constructed a building on Main street in 1904: The structure, which is built of brick, with a cement front, was erected at a cost of approximately three thousand five hundred dollars. On November 20, 1916, the building was burned, together with the regalia and the charters of- both the Knights of Pythias and of the Pythian Sisters, entailing a loss of five thousand dollars, partly covered by insurance. During the existence. of the order, two hundred and eighty members have become affiliated, and, at the present time, the membership numbers about one hundred arid sixty. It is the intention of the order to erect a temple soon. The Sisterhood at Mechanicsburg was organized after the organization of the Knights of Pythias was perfected. Mrs. Albert Cobb was instrumental in the organization of the auxiliary and was chosen as the first chancellor commander. Sixteen members formed the charter membership. This auxiliary existed for several years, and, in the meantime, the order of Pythian Sisters was organized. Neither of these orders was recognized by the grand council of Knights of Pythias because of the fact that both represented similar principles. As a national organization, the Sisterhood was the weaker of the two, and, for the sake of the principles vouchsafed by the two organizations, agreed to retire. The Pythian Sisters thereupon was recognized by the grand council of the Knights of Pythias. The local lodge of the Pythian Sisters was organized at Mechanicsburg on March 25, 1907, with forty-five charter members. The first organization included the following : Mae Thompson, most eminent chief ; Sally Givey, eminent senior ; Cora Coburn, eminent junior ; Ada Baker, manager; CHAMPAIGN COUNTY, OHIO - 653 Marie S. Wood, mistress of records and seal; Emma Coburn, mistress of finance ; Emma Morris, protector ; Mary McCarty, guard; Minnie Wood, past chief. The officers for the year 1917, are as follow : Anna Metzner, most eminent chief ; Mary McCarty, eminent senior; Mae Jobe, eminent junior ; Marie S. Wood, mistress of records and seals; Carrie Stultz, manager; Mary Bay, mistress of finance ; Lucy Hupp, protector ; Jennie Pletcher, guard ; Rue Hinzman, past chief. After the destruction of the temple in November, 1916, the Pythian Sisters were without a charter until the same was restored by the grand council in June, 1917. The memebership of the society at the present time consists of forty members. NORTH LEWISBURG KNIGHTS. Olympia Lodge No. 658, Knights of Pythias, North Lewisburg, was granted a charter on May 27, 1869, with the following charter members : D. D. Bates, 0. W. Beck, Andrew Beltz, Jr., M. Burrows, Frank Christopher, George Clark, Fred Coats, W. S. Coffey, Guy Coffey, C. S. Curl, R. T. Curl, J. H. Eckels, A. W. Elliott, H. H. Foster, M. F. Freeman, James Glendening, William Ginn, George Hann, J. C. Harvey, W. H. Holycross, J. W. Hollingsworth, Paul Hollingsworth, E. 0. Hollingsworth, Samuel Jordan, M. W. Lease, Samuel Louden, C. D. Malin, H. C. May, Edward Meechani, J. 0. Morrow, R. McClung, S. B. McFarland, J. H. Organ, C. S. Over-field, Edward Read, J. S. Reams, J. W. Spain, Philip Spain, S. R. Spain, T. C. Tracy, C. E. Thompson, J. M. Thompson, J. H. Willis and H. S. Winder. The present officers consist of the following : Charles Gaiffon, chancellor commander; B. K. Spain, vice-Chancellor commander; A. M. Glendening, prelate; D. C. Holycross, master of work ; H. H. Foster, master-at-arms; A. K. Cooksey, master of finance; William Holycross, master of exchequer; C. V. Coffey, keeper of records and seal ; Walter Glendening, inside guard; A. D. Wilbur, outside guard. The membership of the lodge in May, 1917, was one hundred and five. The lodge is in a prosperous condition, owning its own hall, which is equipped with a kitchen and club room, and the store room occupied by Dunfee and McNier. Brinel Temple No. 327, Pythian Sisters, was organized at North Lewisburg, April I I, 1907, with about twenty charter members. The first officers were the following : Dora Thompson, most eminent chief ; Sarah Freeman, eminent senior ; Belle Evans, eminent junior ; • Emma Cooksey, manager ; 654 - CHAMPAIGN COUNTY, OHIO. Nelle Burris, mistress of records and seal ; Edith Guy, mistress of finance ; Myrtle Coffey, protector ; Etta Lease, guard; Vallie Overfield, past chief. The officers for 1917 follow : Cecil Bishop, most eminent chief ; Margaret Bower, eminent senior; Alma Hall, eminent junior; Hazel Overfield, manager; Emma Cooksey, guard ; Edith Jordan, protector ; Edna Albright, mistress of finance ; Esther Coffey, mistress of records and seals ; Carrie Cook, past chief. The membership of the temple numbers fifty-four. PYTHIANS AT WESTVILLE. McGrew Lodge No. 433, Knights of Pythias, was organized' at Westville, June 12, 189o, with the following charter members : J. T. Bull, William Blose, H. C. Parrott, C. M. McLaughlin, E. L. Bechtel, Will Berry, B. Steinberger, Gerald Colbert, Henry Taylor, Herbert Schooley, Smith Ward, J. B. Wiant, Hunter Walter, David Arnott, A. F. Vincent, L. McGrew, H. McGrew, L. W. McGrew, D. Loudenback, Jr., Will Taylor, Jerome J. Neff, Noah Kurcade, Walter Harbor, Floyd Hanna, Asa Taylor, J. M. Dovel. The first officers consisted of the following : C. M. McLaughlin, chancellor commander; A. C. Parrott, vice-chancellor ; L. McGrew, prelate ; E. L. Bechtel, keeper of records and seal; J. T. Bull, master of finance; 'Will Taylor, master of exchequer; Floyd Hanna, master-at-arms; Hunter Walter, inside guard ; David Arnott, outside guard. The officers for 1917 include the following : D. E. Duncan, chancellor commander; Evan T. Colbert, vice-commander ; A. J. Broyler, prelate ; R. S. Smith, keeper of records and seal; Ross Cane, master of finance; D. B. Rhorer, master of exchequer ; Howard Arnnons, master-at-arms ; J. R. Haynes, inside guard; J. H. Higgs, outside guard. The lodge owns its own building, which is valued at two thousand dollars, and also a business house valued at one thousand five hundred dollars. The membership in March, 1917, was one hundred and fifteen. PYTHIAN SISTERS AT ST. PARIS. Jewell Temple No. 307, Pythian Sisters, was organized at St. Paris, December 31, 1906, with sixty charter members. The first officers include the following : Effie Lee, most eminent chief ; Edna Hollis, eminent senior; Sadie Huffman, eminent junior; Lillie Bollinger, manager; Estella Brown, mistress of records and seal; Mattie Berry, mistress of finance ; Louisa Norman, protector; Retta Klapp, guard ; Mary Lippincott, past chief. The CHAMPAIGN COUNTY, OHIO - 655 present officers consist of the following: Sylvia Mclnturff, most eminent chief ; Josephine Urban, eminent senior ; Ada Linville, eminent junior ; Ora Duncan, manager ; Retta Mclnturff, mistress of records and seal ; Bertha Kite, mistress of finance; Effie Lee, protector ; Clara Rudasill, guard; Ada Stayman, past chief. The present membership of the temple is one hundred and two. BENEVOLENT AND PROTECTIVE ORDER OF ELKS. Urbana Lodge No. 127, Benevolent and Protective Order of Elks, was organized on June 14, 1889, by George A. Clugston, assisted by Springfield Lodge No. 51. The charter members were C. C. Keifer, Jr., C. H. Marvin, W. B. Marvin, E. N. Sullivan, L. G. Pennock, Dr. S. M. Mosgrove, Robert Young, W. L. Morris, A. Wiley, J. R. McDonald, W. B. Talbot, H. F. Boal, Lee Todd, Dr. A. E. McConkey, W. S. Given, J. R. Hughes, H. M. Staddler, F. L. Reed, F. C. Russell and W. H. Boal. The first officers of the new order included the following : Dr. S. M. Mosgrove, exalted ruler ; W. B. Talbot, esteemed royal knight; Dr. A. E. McConkey, esteemed leading knight ; W. B. Marvin, esteemed lecturing knight; F. C. Russell, secretary ; C. H. Marvin, treasurer; W. H. Boal, W. S. Given and C. C. Keifer, Jr., trustees ; J. R. Hughes, tyler. The lodge was active until 1891, when it surrendered the charter. IMPROVED ORDER OF RED MEN. Mineola Tribe No. 37, Improved Order of Red Men, was organized at Urbana, March 4, 1868, with the following charter members : George W. Collins, Joseph S. Carter, J. C. Jones, S. M. Perry, L. Shyrigh, W. A. Brand, D. W. Happersett, C. F. Roof, C. H. Ward, S. L. P. Stone, J. D. Kirkpatrick, George Satterthwaite, R. J. Winder, Hiram Norris, George Sollers, James K. Landis, F. M. Ambrose, John Emerson and John Gump. The lodge was discontinued in 1880. RED MEN AT MECHANICSBURG. Tioga Tribe No. 91, Improved Order of Red Men, was organized at Mechanicsburg, December 13, 1875, with the following charter members : J. P. Taylor, J. W. Arbogast, E. W. Donley, J. P. Sutton, H. S. Hendrickson, J. S. Shirk, M. L. Legge, T. M. Bates, C. B. Radebaugh, 0. S. Cheney and Past Sachem L. V. B. Taylor. The first officers included the follow- 656 - CHAMPAIGN COUNTY, OHIO. ing : L. V. B. Taylor, prophet ; H. S. Hendrickson, sachem ; J. S. Shirk, senior sagamore ; J. P. Taylor, junior sagamore ; J. P. Sutton, chief of records ; T. M. Bates, keeper of wampum. The officers for 1917 are : G. F. Dunham, prophet; H. C. Brittin, sachem ; Liston Austin, senior saga-more; Claude Love, junior sagamore; C. L. Blew, chief of records ; Claude Dement, keeper of wampum ; B. L. Anderson, collector of wampum. The tribe is one of the most progressive of the order in the county, and has a membership that is ever wideawake to perpetuate the principles of the order. ST. PARIS RED MEN. Washeangot Tribe No. 144, Improved Order of Red Men, was organized at St. Paris, June 10, 1892, with the following charter members ; J. M. Shank, L. W. Faulkner, J. E. Rhinard, A. G. Harmon, John B. Norman, George W. Williams, J. N. McMorran, E. Stapleton, H. Guss, M. C. Harter, Fletcher Bollinger, B. S. Smith, O. A. Briggs, N. L. Apple, M. W. Thomas, J. M. Mitchell, George Leathley, Grant Burkimer, M. R. Talbot, D. L. Goldberg, C. E. Berry, A. B. Stradling, William L. Faulkner, S. N. Shank, I. T. Derr, E. F. Brown, E. G. Kizer. The first officers were : L. W. Faulkner, sachem ; A. G. Harmon, senior sagamore; C. E. Berry, junior saga-more; J. N. Shank, prophet; O. A. Briggs, secretary ; George Williams, collector of wampum ; J. M. Mitchell, guard ; W. E. Stapleton, guard. The officers for 1917 are : William West, sachem ; C. L. Branson, senior saga-more ; Wendell Niece, junior sagamore ; Marion Deal, prophet ; Fred Beekwith ; secretary ; Milton Bodey, collector of wampum ; Frank Heck, keeper of wampum ; Frank Heck, guard ; Henry Burkimer, guard. The lodge is one of the strongest of Red Men fraternity in the county and has a membership at the present time of eighty-nine. The order occupies a hall in the Batdorf block on the corner of Springfield and Main streets. DAUGHTERS OF POCAHONTAS. Pascagonda Council No. 24, Daughters of Pocahontas, was instituted at St. Paris, May 9, 1894, with the following charter members : L. W. Falkner, Mrs. L. W. Falkner, George Williams, C. C. Berry, Mrs. Samuel Shank, Minnie Derr, Mrs. Ida Goldberg, Laura Slalyton, Mrs. J. Mitchell, Mrs. Marion Thomas, Mrs. F. Bollinger, Mrs. George Ambrose, F. E. Bull, Emma Coleman, Mrs. A. B. Stradling, Mrs. Anna Stalyton, Mrs. Blanch CHAMPAIGN COUNTY, OHIO - 657 Heller, Pet Burkimer, Henry Guss, Emma Guss, Frank Burkimer, George Ambrose, Mrs. Lee Everingham, Mrs. Leah Ireland, Hulda Sayler, Mrs. Burkimer, Eleas Slaylton, J. T. Deer, Henry Burkimer, E. F. Brown, W. G. Frey, A. B. Stradling, J. M. Mitchell, Fletcher Bolinger, L. N. Appk, Lee Everingham, S. Shank, and 0. Briggs.. The council has been dormant for the last few years and doubtless will never be revived. HAYMAKERS. Washeangot Loft No. 14472, Order of Haymakers, St. Paris, was organized a few years after the tribe of Red Men was instituted at that place. The lodge has a present membership of eighty-nine members. No regular meetings are held, but the lodge is still active and meetings are held when necessary. The officers for the current year consist of the following: J. P. McMorran, past chief haymaker; C. M. Zerkle, chief haymaker; Henry Burkimer, assistant chief haymaker; M. Deal, overseer; Fred Beckwith, collector of bundles and straws ; Frank Heck, keeper of straws ; Bert West, horn blower ; C. S. Kite, boss driver ; Fred Beckwith, secretary ; Cory Strad-ling, guard of the barn door; Charles Burkimer, guard of the hay loft; George Nickles, E. M. Briggs and Charles Maxson, trustees. LOYAL ORDER OF MOOSE. Urbana Lodge No. 1215, Loyal Order of Moose, was organized on December 19, 1912, with forty-three charter members. The first elective officers included the following : Martin Reich, past dictator; W. Richard Johns, dictator; Sylvester Wolf, vice-dictator; Harry Glick, prelate; Dr. Houston, treasurer ; William Hurd, secretary ; James Garen, sergeant-atarms ; Joseph Cheetham, W. E. Diamond and C. B. Sharp, trustees. The officers at the present time are : W. E. Brunotte, past dictator ; Edward Lonthan, dictator ; William Veits, vice-dictator ; J. E. Rhea, prelate ; Sylvester Wolf, secretary ; Daniel Henz, treasurer ; Samuel Biddle, sergeant-at-arms ; I. B. Printz, inner guard ; Charles Goldsberry, outer guard ; A. E. Hull, Samuel Reich and O. R. Parnell, trustees ; C. W. Wilson, installing officer; Sylvester Wolf, director. The membership of the order is one hundred and seventy. (42) 658 - CHAMPAIGN COUNTY, OHIO. MOOSE AT ST. PARIS. St. Paris Lodge No. 949, Loyal Order of Moose, was organized on March I, 1917, with the following charter members : W. P. Cooper, V. B. Smith, Hobert Niece, William Heaston, John Domigan, Oliver Harter, Dr. J. W. Flinn, C. F. McTurff, R. McBeth, Thomas Ward, William Cawault, Frank Bannon, Charles F. Jenkins, Edward Pence, William Evilsizor, Chester Offenbacker, C. C. Dovel, George Stahl, Cory N. Pence, C. C. Jenkins, Otto Brown, John Dovel, Eugene Harvey, Alva Sturm, John E. McMorrow, Glen Runkle, John Slusser, E. M. Briggs, W. C. Jenkins, Samuel Stone, Eldridge Sutton, Dale Runkle, Henry Cost, Wilson Wert, Edward Harmon, S. A. Dorsey, L. T. Mclnturff, Freeman Davis, Fred Mclnturff, D. L. Pitts, I. H. Dorsey and George McBerry. The first officers, which were appointive, included the following : A Napoli, past dictator ; C. C. Arbogast, dictator ; Jake Brown, prelate ; Walter Pence, vice-dictator ; Fred Beekwith, secretary ; C. C. Humphreys, treasurer ; William Heaston, sergeant-at-arms ; George Grube, inner guard ; Miley Merica, outer guard ; John Domigan, Samuel Stone and G. M. Fields,- trustees. The first elective officers, which are also the present ones, are the following : C. C. Arbogast, past dictator ; Walter Pence, dictator ; John Dovel, prelate ; Fred Beekwith, secretary ; C. C. Humphreys, treasurer ; William Heaston, sergeant-at-arms ; George Grube, inner guard ; M. S. Merica, outer guard ; Samuel Stone, G. M. Fields and John Domigan, trustees. The lodge has a three-year lease on the Poorman building, which is located on the corner of Springfield and Main streets. The order is composed of many of the most prominent men in the town and community, and gives promise of growth. JUNIOR ORDER OF UNITED AMERICAN MECHANICS. Council No. 56, Junior Order of United American Mechanics, at Urbana, was granted a charter in 1889, with twenty-four charter members among whom are the following : A. Burkmire, Henry Burkmire; F. B. Mathews, Charles McDargh, George McDargh, S. T. Wheritt, F. M. Roach, William Hall, F. P. Weller, Charles Jenkins, Van Seville and George Bixler. The order grew rapidly, and, at one time, about six hundred names were on the membership roll. The membership now is approximately two hundred. CHAMPAIGN COUNTY, OHIO - 659 JUNIOR ORDER UNION MECHANICS. Mingo Valley Council No. 13, Junior Order Union Mechanics, was duly organized on November 8, 1894, with the following charter members : M. Guthridge, T. E. Breedlove, D. T. Runkle, E. H. Guthridge, Charles Humphrey, Fred Wilkins, Fred Durnell, William Lee, Walter Martin, C. 0. Miller, A. R. Jones, M. L. Studebaker, John Sheehe, Edward Sheehe, Henry McCullough, A. W. Devore, James Robinson, J. M. Dixon, J. R. McElwain, O. G. Johnson, L. H. Wilkins, B. M. Curl, Lawson Williams, R. J. Miller, J. W. McKellop, H. Johnson, A. C. Gilbert and P. A. Callahan. The present membership consists of the following : M. Guthridge, J. E. Newman, L. R. Marshall, L. H. Wilkins, J. H. Hill, W. G. Lee, Warren Tallman, C. L. Reed, A. W. Devore, Taylor Shrigley, M. L. Studebaker, E. B. Lease, Owen Longberry, Tilden Swisher, William Russell, 0. S. Bishop, E. E. McDaniels and C. B. Winder, Jr. The first officers were : D. T. Runkle, junior past councilor ; Marion Guthridge, councilor ; T. E. Breedlove, vice-councilor ; M. L. Studebaker, recording secretary ; E. H. Guthridge, assistant recording secretary; O. G. Johnson, financial secretary ; Fred Durnell, treasurer ; C. V. Miller, conductor ; Edward Sheehe, warden; A. R. Jones, inner guard ; John Sheehe, outer guard ; J. R. McElwain, chaplain ; James Robinson, W. G. Lee and A. W. Devore, trustees. The officers for 1917 are the following : Owen Longberry, junior past councilor ; 0. S. Bishop, councilor; E. E. McDaniels ; M. L. Studebaker, recording secretary ; W. G. Lee, assistant recording secretary ; L. H. Wilkins, financial secretary ; W. G.. Lee, treasurer ; J. H. Hill, conductor; William Russell, warden ; Marion Guthridge, inner guard; J. E. Newman, outer guard ; D. T. Runkle, chaplain ; Marion Guthridge, J. E. Newman and E. E. McDaniels, trustees. The lodge owns its hall, the original cost of which was eight hundred dollars. KNIGHTS OF COLUMBUS. Urbana Council No. 1727, Knights of Columbus, was instituted on March 15, 1916. Several hundred visitors, as well as nearly six hundred knights were in attendance from neighboring towns and cities. The degrees were given by T. J. Duffy and staff, and the Dayton and Springfield councils. The closing feature of the occasion was a banquet at the Douglas Inn, which was attended by one hundred and sixty-five persons. The charter 660 - CHAMPAIGN COUNTY, OHIO. members of the order included the following : Charles Armbruster, Wily Liam P. Brown, J. J. Caughlin, James Culley, Dennis Culley, William Culley, William Costello, F. J. Cleary, John E. Cronin, J. P. Donahoe, T. A. Edmondson, Charles Egenberger, A. J. Gannon,. E. C. Harrigan, E. J. Howard, J. W. Heatherman, R. P. Heatherman, J. H. Cavanaugh, J. F. Cavanaugh, B. L. Lagsden, Michael McGree, W. H. McGraw, J. T. McGraw, L. R. Metzger, E. J. Mooney, C. A. McCarthy, T. H. McNary, T. H. Neville, Dr. J. D. O'Gara, M. E. O'Gara, T. G. Powers, J. T. Ryan, E. P. Ryan, L. A. Ryan, George L. Shafer, J. A. Sheedy, D.. T. Sweeney, W. E. Walsh, C. F. Coughlin, J. H. Coughlin, T. J. Dahill, J. J. Dugan, W. C. Edmondson, J. J. Enright, C. Hornung, T. M. Hannigan, J. E. Heatherman, Rev. R. J. Markham, Rev. G. F. Hickey, G. Howard, M. W. Malone, E. H. Morgan, W. F. McGree, D. H. McGree, Edward McNary, J. R. McNary, John McNary, W. B. McNary, James B. Nolan, D. J. O'Brien, J. F. O'Conner, J. C. Powers, H. P. Powers, P. Riley, E. J. Ryan, J. J. Ryan, B. P. Ryan, William Shief, H. J. Schlickman, J. F. Shaloo, J. L. Sheehan, C. A. Sherlock, Morris Spillman, E. Toohey and H. A. Werser. The original officers consisted of the following : James F. Hearn, grand. knight ; J. M. Powers, deputy grand knight ; Rev. G. F. Hickey, chaplain ; T. H. McNary, chancellor ; J. R. L. O'Brien, recorder ; J. A. Ryan, secretary ; John O'Conner, treasurer ; James J. Nolan, advocate ; A. C. Lagsden, warden ; H. L. Schlickman, lecturer ; Dr. J. D. O'Gara, physician ; Charles G. Egenberger, inside guard ; L. R. Metzger, outside guard ; Charles Armbruster, Jr., C. F. Coughlin and T. A. Edmondson, trustees. The officers for the year 1917 are : Rev. George F. Hickey, chaplain ; J. M. Powers, grand knight ; T. H. McNary, deputy grand knight; James P. Casey, chancellor ; John McGree, financial secretary ; John P. Culley, recording secretary ; Sylvester Nylan, treasurer ; Lawrence Welch, outside guard ; William Culley, inside guard ; C. F. Coughlin, J. R. McNary, James J. Nolan and Dr. J. O. O'Gara, trustees. The present membership is one hundred and sixty-two. MODERN WOODMEN OF AMERICA. Mechanicsburg Camp No. 7759, Modern Woodmen of America, was granted a charter March 3, 1900, with the following charter members : Don F. Epps, Edmund Graham, B. B. Kennedy, Charles J. Stuckey, F. H. Legge, S. L. Casper, Arthur Neader, J. A. Whitehead, John H. Hay, Glen Rutan, T. A. Hutchinson; N. B. Rhyan, C. A. Wood, Edward D. Miller, CHAMPAIGN COUNTY, OHIO - 661 John D. Reece, Fred A. Cheney, Henry A. Garrett, Howard H. Stein, S. Dwight Horr, Earl B. Whitehead, C. W. Lilley, John C. Hathaway, F. E. Gannon and Samuel J. Wolf. The officers for the year 1917 are : C. H. West, counsul ; W. A. Brown, advisor ; C. A. Wood, clerk; V. E. Burnham, banker; Bruce Neer, Foster Griffin, and Doctor Soldner, trustees. The order meets in the hall occupied by the Knights of the Maccabees and the present membership is one hundred and two. KNIGHTS OF THE MACCABEES. Tent No. 496, Knights of the Maccabees, at Mechanicsburg, was granted a charter on December 11, 1911, and was organized by the deputy grand commander, J. C. Connor. The first organization had the following officers : Pearl A. Case, past senior knight commander ; Rance A. Venrick, sir knight commander ; Floyd C. King, sir knight lieutenant commander ; Francis W. Hendrix, sir knight record keeper; Ross Terry, sir knight chaplain; John C. Nichols, sir knight sergeant; Lyman E. Baker, sir knight physician ; W. R. Tobias, sir knight master-at-arms; Wilbur H. Dean, sir knight first master of guard; Quinn Helmer, sir knight second master of guard; Charles H. Fullerton, sir knight sentinel ; Albert H. Rowe, sir knight picket. This is the only tent of the Knights of the Maccabees in the county, and, although not strong, maintains an active organization and bids fair to prosper. FRATERNAL ORDER OF EAGLES. Tecumseh Aerie, Fraternal Order of Eagles, was organized at Urbana on February 15, 1905, with seventy-nine charter members. The first officers were : C. F. Guyselman, worthy president ; Charles H. Murphy, worthy vice-president ; John D. McCarthy, chaplain; George Mott, secretary ; Frank McCracken, treasurer ; William Schief, conductor ; Fred Nagel, inside guard ; John Downey, outside guard ; D. G. Sweeney, Frank Shadley and Fred Brat- ton, trustees. The present officers are : Charles Barton, past president ; C. Sexton, president; Ivan Printz, vice-president; F. Mehling, chaplain; William Kearns, secretary ; Henry Sticksel, treasurer ; C. Freight, master of arms ; D. Riley, inside guard ; M. A. Welsh, outside guard ; P. Reams, W. Patrick and 0. Downey, trustees. 662 - CHAMPAIGN COUNTY, OHIO. KNIGHTS OF THE GOLDEN EAGLE. Lodge No. 9t, Knights of the Golden Eagle, was organized at St. Paris, April 11, 1902, with a charter membership of nearly fifty. The membership has fallen off until there are only about thirty in good standing. The officers or 1917 are the following : William Dick, noble chief ; Elmer Perk, past chief ; Earl Glaick, high priest; C. M. Zerkle, master of records and seals ; George Brown, keeper of exchequer; J. H. Slusser, clerk of exchequer. INDEPENDENT ORDER OF FORESTERS. Urbana Court, Independent Order of Foresters, was instituted on January 27, 1913, by F. M. Harris assisted by J. D. Clark. Twenty members were initiated and the first officers included the following : Ralph L. Squires, chief ranger ; David Brown, vice-chief ranger ; S. L. Richards, past chief ranger; C. H. Duncan, court deputy; Dr. D. H. Moore, court physician; Mason Arrowsmith, financial secretary ; Owen G. McCoy, recording secretary; Mrs. Edith Brunotte, treasurer; Louis Wichterman, orator; Mrs. Edith Sanford, superintendent juvenile court; Samuel Pass, organist; W. R. Long, senior woodward; J. S. Eichelberger, junior woodward; B. F. Casey, senior beagle ; Budd Sanford, junior beagle. About forty members comprised the membership. The lodge was discontinued after a few months. PLUMBERS' UNION. A plumber's union was organized at Urbana, April 17, 1917, and the following organization was perfected : Sherman Beverly, president; Dan Kelley, vice-president ; Joseph Heatherman, financial secretary and treasurer ; John McGrath, recording secretary. The society meets twice each month in Printer's Hall, in the Warnock building. COLORED SECRET SOCIETIES. Golden Square Lodge No. 23, Free and Accepted Masons (colored), was organized as Goff lodge, at Urbana, in 1866. The officers at that time were : G. W. Guy, master ; Lemuel King, senior warden; D. L. Johnson, junior warden; Henry Ford, treasurer ; Ezra Byrd, secretary; W. Hawkins, senior deacon ; Napoleon Rector, tyler ; James Carter, steward. The officers for the current year are : Henry Dudley, master; Henry Ousley, senior CHAMPAIGN COUNTY, OHIO - 663 warden; Pearl Clark, junior warden; Ben Dickerson, secretary ; William Allen, treasurer. The membership of the order at present is fifteen; hut at one time it had forty members in good standing. Meetings- are held once each month over Power's store, on north Main street. Benjamin Lodge No. 1771, Grand United Order of Odd Fellows (colored), was organized at Urbana, August 14, 1876. The following were the charter members : W. N. Allen, J. H. Anderson, Thomas Andrews, James Artice, Albert Andrews, James Bethel, W. O. Bowles, Ira. Burns, James T. Myers, James Stewart, Jesse Byrd, Joseph Byrd, James Carty, H. T. Clark, Lewis Cleveland, Charles Corwin, Reuben Davis, C. L. Gant, S. Gaitwood, G. H. Guy, John W. Jones, George Lewis, James Slaughter, W. A. Stillgess, W. Lucas, Thomas Oliver, Thomas Washington, T. Stewart, Levi Stanhope and Thomas Roberts. When the lodge was first organized, the officers were : J. H. Anderson, election secretary ; Thomas Andrews, noble. grand; James Stewart, vice-grand; James Stewart, noble father ; Thomas Washington, past noble father ; W. O. Bowles, permanent secretary ; Charles Gant, treasurer ; James R. Myers, Thomas Oliver and James Carty, trustees. The lodge owns its own home, a two-story frame building on the corner of East Market and Locust streets, the original cost of which was twelve hundred dollars. Its membership now numbers sixty. In 1917, the lodge was served by the following officers : Alfred Boyd, permanent secretary ; M. Stanhope, election secretary ; Harry Artice, past noble grand ; J. H. Slaughter, noble grand; Walter Dale, vice-grand; John W. Myers, noble father ; Harry Duncan, past noble father ; W. E. Dale, Albert Williams and Albert Otey, trustees. Urbana Patriarchy No. 47, Grand United Order of Odd Fellows (colored), was established on July 9, 1887, with fifteen charter members. The first officers consisted of the following : Alfred Boyd, most venerable patriarch ; J. Slaughter, right venerable patriarch; D. C. Lowery, venerable patriarch; S. W. Moose, worthy patriarch prelate; S. C. Pierson, worthy patriarch recorder ; George Lewis, worthy patriarch treasurer ; S. Gatewood, patriarch; J. H. Boswell, patriarch shepherd ; George Wilson, patriarch keeper. The present officers include the following : John Kennedy, most venerable patriarch ; Alfred Boyd, right venerable patriarch ; Albert Otey, venerable patriarch ; B. G. Dickerson, worthy patriarch prelate; Homer Otey, worthy patriarch recorder ; L W. Boyd, worthy patriarch treasurer ; A. C. Becks, patriarch; Albert Williams, patriarch shepherd; Walter Dale, patriarch keeper. The patriarchs include John Cleveland, A. D. Delaney, H. T. Clark, Charles Pennie, William Stillgess and J. T. King. The present membership of the order is twenty-four. 664 - CHAMPAIGN COUNTY, OHIO. The Grand United Order of Odd Fellows (colored), at Mechanicsburg, was organized about 1897. The order has always enjoyed an active existence and has a membership at the present time of twenty-eight members. The lodge owns its own building and is in a prosperous condition. The chief officers include the following: Arthur green, noble grand; W. Philips, treasurer ; Harry Philips, secretary ; Frank Vickery, James Waugh and Frank Braem, trustees. Dumas Lodge, No. 35, Knights of Pythias (colored), was organized at Urbana, in 1897 with sixty charter members. The first officers were Lewis Schief, chancellor commander; Jones Slaughter, vice-chancellor commander; William Steward, master of exchequer; W. F. Hill, master of work; William Riggs, master of finance; S. C. Pearson, keeper of records and seals. The officers for 1917 are : William Dickerson, chancellor commander ; Emslie Armfield, vice-chancellor commander; Harry Douglas, keeper of records and seals; H. F. Allen, master of finance; Jones Douglas, master of exchequer; William Brooks, master of work; W. T. Hill, J. W. Waugh and A. C. Waldron, trustees. The present membership is forty-three. The Court of Calantha, a ladies auxiliary to Dumas Lodge (colored), at Urbana, was organized in 1898. The court, while not strong, still maintains an active existence and is a valuable adjunct to the order. CHAPTER XXIX. MILITARY ANNALS. The military history of Champaign county finds its beginning in the forepart of the last century. In fact, if the Indian troubles are considered, the opening of the county in 1805 may very properly be taken as the beginning of the military history of the county. But years before that time, the whites and Indians were battling for the supremacy of the Mad River valley. There is not a school boy who has not heard of Tecumseh and the Prophet, his one-eyed brother, and both of these Indians tramped the valley of Mad river. The story of the Indians and their connection with the county is shrouded in more or less tradition, and such facts as have been preserved concerning their connection with the county is given in the township histories. It is necessary to state, however, that all of the preparedness of a military nature which was engaged in by the pioneers of the county was due to their fear that the Indians might make a descent on the county. GENERAL HARMAR'S EXPEDITION. Perhaps the earliest as well as the most complete record of military movements affecting this region is that covering the daily movements of Gen. Josiah Harmar's expedition against the Indians in the fall of 1790, as recorded in a manuscript journal kept by Capt. John Armstrong, of the Regplars, as follows : September 30, 1790—The army moved from Fort Washington (Cincinnati) at half past 10 o'clock, a. m.; marched about seven miles, N. E. course; hilly, rich land. Encamped on a branch of Mill Creek. October 1st—Took up the line of march at half past 8 o'clock. Passed through a level rich country, watered by many small branches, waters of Mill Creek. At 2 o'clock halted one hour and at 4 o'clock halted for the evening on small branch of Mill Creek, having marched about eight miles; general course, a little to the westward of north. October 2nd—Moved forty-five minutes after 7 o'clock ; marched about ten miles, a northwest course. The first five miles of this day's march was over a dry ridge to a lick ; then five miles through a low swampy country to a branch of the waters of the Little Miami, where we halted one hour ; and forty-five minutes after 1 o'clock moved on for five miles a N. E., E. and S. E. course and encamped in a rich and extensive bottom on Muddy Creek, a branch of the Little Miami., The day's march, fifteen miles, and one mile from Col. Hardin's command. 666 - CHAMPAIGN COUNTY, OHIO. October 3rd—The army at 8 o'clock passed Col. Hardin's camp and halted at Turtle Creek, about ten yards wide, where we were joined by Col. Hardin's command. Here the line of march was formed—two miles. October 4th—The army moved at half past 9 o'clock ; passed through a rich country (some places broken) a N. E. course, and at 3 o'clock crossed; the Little Miami, about forty yards wide: moved up it one mile, a north course to a branch called Sugar Creek ; encamped nine miles. October 5th—The army moved from Sugar Creek forty-five minutes after nine o'clock; marched through a level country a N. E. course up the Little Miami, having it often in view. The latter part of this day's march, through low glades or marshy land. Halted at 5 o'clock on Glade Creek, a very lively clear stream—ten miles. October 6th—The army moved ten minutes after 9 o'clock. The first five miles the country was brush and somewhat broken. Reached Chillicothe, an old Indian village, re-crossed the Little Miami; at half past 1 o'clock halted one hour and encamped at 4 o'clock on a branch—nine miles a N. E. course. October 7th—The army moved at 10 o'clock ; the country brushy four miles, and a little broken until we came to the waters of the Great Miami. Passed through several low prairies and crossed the Pickaway fork or Mad River, which is a clear lively stream, about forty yards wide; the bottom extensive and very rich. Encamped on a small branch about one mile from the former ; our course the first four miles north, then northwest—nine miles. October 8th—The army moved at half past nine o'clock ; passed over rich land, in some places a little broken. Passed several ponds and through one small prairie, a N. W. course—seven miles. October 9th—The army moved at half past nine o'clock; passed through a level rich country, well watered; course N. W. Halted half past 4 o'clock, two miles south of the Great Miami—ten miles. October 10th—The army moved forty-five minutes after nine o'clock ; crossed the Great Miami. At the crossing there is a handsome high prairie on the S. E. side; the river about forty yards wide two miles further, a N. W. course. Passed through a large prairie. Halted on a large branch of the Great Miami at half past three o'clock ; the country level and rich ; the general course N. W.—ten miles. October 11th—The army moved at half past nine 'clock ; marched a northwest course, seven miles to a branch where French traders formerly had a number of trading houses; thence a N. course four miles to a small branch; and encamped at 5 oclock. The country we passed over is very rich and level—eleven miles. October 12th—The army moved at half past nine o'clock ; our course a little to the west and northwest. Crossed a stream at seven miles and a half, running northeast, on which there are several old camps and much deadened timber, which continues to the river Auglaize, about a mile. Here has been a considerable village, some houses still standing. The stream is a branch of the Omi (Maumee) River, and is about twenty yards wide. From this village to our encampment our course was a little to the north of west. Rich, level land—fourteen miles. October 13th—The army moved at 10 o'clock. Just before they marched a prisoner was brought in, and Mr. Morgan from Fort Washington joined us. We marched to the west of northwest four miles to a small stream, through low, swampy land; then a course a little to the north of west, passing through several small prairies and open woods to an Indian village on a pretty stream. Here we were joined by a detachment from Fort Washington, with amunition—ten miles. October 14th—At half past ten in the morning Col. Hardin was detached for the CHAMPAIGN COUNTY, OHIO - 667 Miami village, with one company of regulars and six hundred militia, and the army took up its line of march at 11 o'clock. A northwest course four miles ; a. small branch; the country level; many places drowned land in the winter season—ten miles. October 15th—The army moved at 8 o'clock, northwest course two miles, a small branch, then north a little west; crossing a stream, three miles a northwest Course. The army halted at half past one o'clock on a branch running west—eight miles. October 16th—The army moved at forty-five minutes after 8 o'clock. marched nine miles and halted fifteen minutes after 1 o'clock. Passed over a level country, not very rich. Col. Hardin with his command took possession of the Miamitown yesterday (15th), at 4 o'clock, the Indians having left it just before—nine miles October 17th—The army moved at fifteen minutes after 8 o'clock, and at .1 o'clock crossed the .Maumee River to the village. The river is about seventy yards wide; a fine transparent stream. The river St. Joseph, which forms the point on which the village stood, is about twenty yards wide, and when the waters are high, navigable a great ways up it. On the 18th I was detached with thirty men under the command of Col. Trotter. On the 19th Col. Hardin commanded in lieu of Col. Trotter. Attacked about one hundred Indians, fifteen miles west of the Miami village, and from the dastardly conduct of the militia the troops were obliged to retreat I lost one sergeant and twenty-one out of thirty men of my command. The Indians on this occasion gained a complete victory, having killed in the whole near one hundred men, which was about their own number. Many of the militia threw away their arms without firing, ran through the federal troops and threw them in disorder. Many of the Indians must have been killed, as I saw my men bayonet many of them. They fought and died hard. On the morning of the 19th the main body of the army under Gen. Harmar, having destroyed the Miami village, moved about two miles to a Shawnee village called Chillicothe, where on the 20th the general published the following order : "Camp at Chillicothe, one of the Shawnee towns on the Omee (Maumee) river, October 20, 1790. "The party under the command of Captain Strong is ordered to burn and destroy every house and wigwam in the village, together with all the corn, etc., which he can collect. A party of one hundred men (militia) properly officered, under the command of Col. Hardin, is to burn and destroy effectually this afternoon the Pickaway town with all the corn, etc., which he can find in it and its vicinity. "The cause of the detachment being worsted yesterday was entirely owing to the shameful, cowardly conduct of the militia who ran away and threw down their guns without firing scarcely a single gun. In returning to Fort Washington, if any officer or men shall presume to quit the ranks, or not to march in the form that they are ordered, the general will most assuredly order the artillary to fire on them. He hopes the check they received yesterday will make them in future obedient to orders. "JOSIAH HARMAR, Brig. Gen." EARLY ACTIVITIES OF MILITIA. While the county was not organized until 1805 there were several hundred settlers in the county when it came into existence, all of whom had been enrolled in the militia of either Greene and Franklin counties, from which Champaign was set off. Congress had passed" an act in 1792 which provided 668 - CHAMPAIGN COUNTY, OHIO. that every able-bodied citizen between the , ages of eighteen and forty-five should be enrolled in a militia company. The act also provided that they should arm themselves and appear for regular drill and annual musters. This was in the days when the. Indian was everywhere west of the Alleghenies and when the fear of England was not much less alarming than the fear of the Indian himself. It did not take an act of Congress to compel the pioneers of Ohio to arm themselves ; a rifle was as necessary to a well-regulated household as the ax, and as essential. BLOCKHOUSES. It will probably never be known how many blockhouses were erected in Champaign county prior to and during the War of 1812, but it is certain that there were at least half a dozen. There was one even in the town of Urbana. During all of the Indian struggles in which Champaign county, as a county, took a part its limits extended from a mile south of Springfield to the Greenville Treaty line in Logan county. A number of blockhouses were in that part of Champaign county which is now included in Logan to the north or Clark to the south. But as far as is known there was not a white man killed by. an Indian within the present limits of Champaign county, although there were some killed in parts of Logan and Clark counties which were attached to Champaign until 1817. When the Big Four railroad was being built through the southeastern corner of the county the right-of-way happened to lead through a gravely hill near the present station of Catawba in the southeastern part of Union township. Upon opening this hill there was found a big pile of bones and, according to Professor Moses, an eminent scholar then connected with the University of Urbana, they were human bones and, moreover, the bones of whites. He estimated that there were the remains of at least one hundred human skeletons in the hill, and that they had been there only a comparatively short time. It was his conjecture that they were the remains of a party of whites who had been waylaid and killed by the Indians and buried there. However, there is no way of determining who these whites were, if they were white, or what they were doing in this part of the country. THE WAR OF 1812. The definite beginning of Champaign's participation in national military affairs began with the declaration of war by the United States against Great Britain on June 18, 1812. Prior to this time, a year or so earlier, the settlers CHAMPAIGN COUNTY, OHIO - 669 of the county had premonitions that something was going to happen.. It was well known, of course, that Tecumseh and his followers had met defeat at the battle of Tippecanoe in November, 1811, and it was also well known that the Indians who were left in the Northwest were largely in the employ of the British government. The. Indians had no legal right to remain south of the Greenville Treaty line after 1795, but this did not keep them from making annual hunting trips in that region whenever they so desired. If the British had left them alone the Americans would not have had any trouble with them, but the British furnished them with guns and plenty of ammunition, and furthermore promised to restore their land to them. Congress had passed an act in January, 1812, providing for an increase in the regular army to twenty-five thousand man and President Madison was also authorized to accept volunteers to the number of fifty thousand. It was this act which furnished the basis for the call of Governor Meigs, of Ohio, for three regiments. There were to be raised for the period .of the war and were to be used as a defense against the Indians or the British, or both, if it chanced that they united forces. The next question was who was to have charge of this army which was to be raised in the West, and, as fate would have it, probably a poorer choice. could not have been made. With the United States to choose from, the President chose a man whose name to this day is a synonym for cowardice. HULL'S SURRENDER. It will probably never be. known why William Hull was chosen to lead the volunteer forces that were to be collected from the states in the Northwest. It is true that he had an honorable record in the Revolutionary War and that he was Governor of Michigan Territory at the time of his selection as head of the army in the West. However, he was an old man and in his dotage, seventy years old, and, without the fire of youth, it was impossible for him to cope with the situation. It was this old man who was appointed brigadier-general of the Army of the Northwest, and his career from the time he took charge of the army on May 25, 1812, until he surrendered his whole army to the British on August 16, 1812, was such that it brought nothing but disgrace on his head. It may be said here that Congress inves tigated his surrender and that Hull defended himself against the charges on the ground that the militia .refused to obey orders. He even found it necessary to use the bayonets of his regulars against his insubordinate recruits. For instance, no fewer than one hundred and eighty of his recruits had enthu- 670 - CHAMPAIGN COUNTY, OHIO. siastically started on to Canada, but hung back because, as they said, they were not obliged to serve outside of the United States. And here comes the really pathetic part of the story, and the English did not intend it as 'a joke, either. They added the crowning insult to this ill-fated expedition of Hull's by sending all of the United States regulars as prisoners of war to Montreal, while they permitted all the recruits, that is, the volunteers, to go back home. Evidently, the British had no fear of these recruits. It is not known how many of them were from Champaign county, but there were a number. FACT AND FICTION IN WAR OF 1812. The part which Champaign county and Urbana played in the War of 1812 has been told and retold ; fact and fiction have become hopelessly and inextricably confused, until it is nearly impossible to follow the course of events, as they affected this county. Certain facts are well defined and can easily be verified from the official record, but many other so-called facts belong to the realm of tradition and, while they are fit material for the novelist, they are not proper subject matter for the historian. Ohio was fortunate in having a patriotic Governor and one who gave the President valuable assistance luring the war. He took charge of the volunteers who gathered at Urbana and made his headquarters in the village for at least two weeks during May and June, 1812, and remained here until the regulars reached the village under command of General Hull. Return Jonathan Meigs was an able man and proved his mettle in no uncertain manner before the war closed, but in the fore part of 1812 he did not seem to realize the necessity for action.. Apropos of his tardiness in taking the initiative, a letter of Edward Tiffin, of Chillicothe, to United States Senator Worthington at Washington shows the feeling which Tiffin had for the governor at the time the letter was written, April 16, 1812. Gov. Meigs passed through here with two young greenhorns with him on their way to Urbana. The public will soon have a complete opportunity to observe we want a very different man for governor in trying times. Volunteers, I am informed, can not be obtained. No wonder when you reflect on the talents, etc., of the adjutant-general, major-generals, etc. We want some one to infuse life, spirit and discipline into our militia. While the governor may have been accused of inaction at the beginning of the war, certainly his subsequent record during its progress was such as to meet with the approval of the most critical enemies he had. Governor Meigs had come to Urbana during the first two weeks in April in order to make pro- CHAMPAIGN COUNTY, OHIO - 671 vision for establishing a depot of supplies in the town, which, at that time, was the farthest town north along the western side of the state, and on a direct line between Cincinnati and Detroit. The three regiments of Ohio were commanded by Duncan McArthur, James Findlay and Lewis Cass, colonels of the first, second and third regiments, respectively. The three regiments of volunteers were ordered to recruit at Dayton and they remained there until May 25, 1812, when General Hull reached there and took command. It had previously been decided to make Urbana, then a town of some two or three hundred inhabitants, the rendezvous on the army which was to march to Detroit and thence into Canada. Supplies of all kinds, food, clothing and munitions of war, were forwarded to Urbana and there repacked and made ready to make the long overland trip of two hundred miles. to Detroit. ARMY REACHES URBANA. On June 1, 1812, General Hull marched out of Dayton with the three regiments of volunteers, not yet filled, for Urbana. They arrived at Urbana a few days later, with orders to remain there until the arrival of the Fourth Regiment of United States Regulars. This regiment was under. the command of Lieut.-Col. James Miller and had been present at the battle of Tippecanoe, on November 7, 1811, where they had performed gallantly. When the regiment arrived at Urbana it was given a royal reception by the townspeople. An account of the spectacular reception given Colonel Miller's regiment is given. by the late Judge William Patrick, who arrived in the village on August 9, 1811, and heard numerous first-hand accounts of the affair. His version of this reception follows (written in 1870) : As a testimonial of the high appreciation of their valor on that occasion, the citizens of the town united with the troops in making the necessary preparations to receive the gallant Col. Miller and his veteran regiment, with both civic and military demonstrations, in honor of their chivalrous deeds. Two posts, one each side of the road, about twenty feet high, were planted at what would now be known as the foot of the Baldwin hill, a little southwest of the present residence of Mr. Marshall, on Scioto street (now the Frank Chance residence), and an arch made of boards was secured at the top ends of the posts with this inscription in large capital letters: "TIPPECANOE GLORY," on its western facade; with the national flag floating from. a staff fastened to each post that supported it. These preliminaries being all completed and the time of arrival being at hand, General Hull with his staff accompanied by a body guard, headed by martial music. moved from the camp to the public square and halted to await the approach of the veterans who were advancing under flags and banners with appropriate music at quicksteps on South Main street. At this juncture Colonel Miller called a halt, with the addi- 672 - CHAMPAIGN COUNTY, OHIO. tional orders to deploy into line and present arms, as a salute to General Hull, under the star spangled banner which had been by the citizens unfurled upon a fifty-foot pole in the center of the public square. Whereupon the General and his staff with suwarrow's doffed, rode slowly in review along the whole line. Then after the necessary movement to reform into a line of march, the general, staff and guards formed themselves at the head of the regiment as an escort, and at the command "To right wheel ! Forward, march !" they moved slowly with martial music and colors flying, between lines of citizens and soldiers, the latter resting right and left respectively at the posts of the triumphal arch, and the former resting on the public square and extending eastward to the military lines, all being under complete civil and military regulations, agreeably to an arranged program. As these veteran United States troops began to move with precise measured tread upon Scioto street, the civic ovation began to unfold itself in the strewing of wild June flowers by young misses and maidens, with which they had been provided, the waving of handkerchiefs of matrons and the swinging of hats and caps of the sterner sex, with continued shouts and huzzas. These exciting demonstrations continued without abatement until they reached the lines of the troops as- already indicated when the scene changed into a sublime military display, such as the din of muskets, the rattle of drums and the shrill notes of the bugle, clarionet and fife. When they reached the arch, and while passing through it, a park of artillery belched forth its thunders in the camp as the signal of welcome to the brave boys who had distinguished themselves upon the fields of Tippecanoe. After arriving in the camp they, at the word "Left wheel," deployed to the northwest and halted upon the high grounds now 'occupied by Griffith Ellis, Mr. Boal and others, in front of the right wing of the troops already encamped, and there pitched tents. Taken as a whole, this civic and military demonstration presented a pageant never before or since equaled in the new city of Urbana. THE LONG JOURNEY TO DETROIT. It was but a short time after the arrival of the Regular troops before General Hull started with the regulars and volunteers on the long journey through the forests to Detroit. War had not been declared yet and Hull had no way of knowing that he would be in the forests of northern Ohio on the day Congress passed the resolution requiring that the state of war existed, that is, June 18, 1812. There was no road between Urbana and Detroit. The two hundred miles which had to be traversed was an unbroken forest, but fortunately the trip was made at the time of the year when it would be the easiest for an army to make its way through the forests and swamps. Three experienced guides were obtained, one of them being Isaac Zane, who lived at the head of the Mad river on the site of the present village of Zanesfield. The regiment of Colonel McArthur cut the road from Urbana to the crossing of the Scioto at Kenton and at Kenton built a fort which was called Fort McArthur. The second regiment took the burden of cutting the road at Kenton and cut on through to Findlay, where a second blockhouse was erected and named in - CHAMPAIGN COUNTY, OHIO - 673 honor of Colonel Findlay. The third regiment completed the cutting of the road to the lake. The whole road, thereafter known as Hull's Trace, was cut through in about two weeks, the main body of the army of General Hull arriving at Detroit in July, 1812. HULL'S ROUTE THROUGH CHAMPAIGN COUNTY. It seems that in after years considerable difference of opinion arose as to the exact route taken by Hull when he left Urbana for Detroit. In 1872 a volume was issued by Joshua Antrim, entitled "The History of Champaign and Logan Counties," in which Antrim attempted to fix definitely the route of Hull leading north from Urbana. His account follows The following facts in regard to Hull's Trace I obtained from several pioneers that were here and saw Hull when he passed through with his army. I will give the names of some of' my informants : Judge Vance, of Urbana, John Enoch, William Henry and Henry McPherson. It was in the year 1812 he took up his line of march from Urbana. Their route was very nearthe present road from Urbana to West Liberty, a few rods east until they reached King's Creek. About two miles beyond this they crossed the present road and continued on the west until they arrived at Mac-acheek, crossing that stream at Captain Black's old farm. Coming to Mad River, they crossed it about five rods west of the present bridge at West Liberty. Passing through Main street, they continued on the road leading from the latter place to Zanesfield until they reached the farm now owned by Charles Hildebrand. Here they turned a little to the left, taking up a valley near his farm. Arriving at McKee's Creek, they crossed it very near where the present railroad bridge is; thence to Blue Jacket, crossing it about one mile west of Bellefontaine on the farm now owned by Henry Good. They continued their line of march on or near the present road from Bellefontaine to Huntsville. They halted some time at Judge McPherson's farm, now the county infirmary, passing through what is now Cherokee, on Main street; to an Indian village called Solomon's Town, where they encamped on the farm now owned by David Wallace. The trace is yet plain to be seen in many places. Judge Vance informs me there is no timber growing in the track in many places in Champaign county. I forgot to say they encamped at West Liberty. James Black informs me he saw General Hull's son fall into Mad Myer near where Mr. Glover's mill now stands, he being so drunk he could not sit on his horse. THE SURRENDER OF HULL. It is not the purpose. of this discussion to follow in detail the story of the War of 1812, but only to indicate such parts of it as are concerned with troops which were stationed for a time at Urbana. It should be stated that Hull remained in Detroit until he surrendered to the British, without firing (43) 674 - CHAMPAIGN COUNTY, OHIO. a shot, on August 16, 1812. Whether any of the volunteers from Champaign county had enlisted in the regular army and were therefore transported to Montreal with the other prisoners is not known, but the great majority of the men from Champaign were only volunteers and they were permitted by the British commander to return to their homes. The surrender of Hull threw a panic of fear over the Northwest 'Territory and Governor Meigs at once sent out instructions to the people of Ohio to build blockhouses. Muskets and ammunition furnished by the state were given out from the military stores at Urbana. In the fall of the same year the governor called out additional volunteers and he soon had twelve hundred men in camp at Urbana under Brigadier-General Tupper. These, troops were camped on the high ground at the north edge of the village, along the ridge from the present Dugan bridge to the old -Niles Sanitarium. As soon as the news reached Kentucky that General Hull had surrendered Goernor Shelby, of that state, began to prepare an army to send to the Canadian frontier. He took command in person of the five thousand troops which he raised, most of them mounted, and started with them across Ohio to the. front. He passed through Urbana and camped at the south edge of town, with his right wing resting near the old woolen factory and stretched around over the site of the present fair ground. He was here for several days, getting his provisions and munitions of war in shape to advance.. The governor of the state had designated Urbana as the rendezvous of all the troops of the state immediately after the fall of Detroit. The Federal government started into the war without any idea of what it was going' to cost, and before the close of 1813 it had used up all its available funds. Practically all the men who enlisted from Champaign county furnished all their own equipment. The states took it upon themselves to help put men in the field, especially the states west of the Alleghenies. LACK OF FUNDS DURING WAR OF 1812. Such was the want of preparation on our part for the war which was declared by .the United States against Great Britain in 1812, that by the time it had been waged a twelvemonth, the government found itself destitute alike of funds and credit. The public chest was empty, the treasury notes issued for the exigencies of the times were obliged to be sold at a ruinous discount, and many of our military and naval operations were carried into effect by pledges of individuals who obtained on their own credit the necessary supplies of provisions and money when that of the government was unavailable. CHAMPAIGN COUNTY, OHIO - 675 The following documents dealing with the situation in Ohio provide some interesting illumination on the subject. It will be noticed that Urbana is mentioned in some of them. Chillicothe, Aug. 5th, 1812. MAJ. GEN. GANG, Sir—You will immediately march 300 men from your, division, under the command of a Major—furnish them with a blanket and knapsack, arms and ammunition. Capt. Sutton will march them to Urbana, at which place I hope to see them. Volunteers under the law of Ohio will be preferred. I trust you will use every exertion to cause a compliance with the requisition. Your ob't. serv't, R. J. Aims. Cincinnati, Aug. 20th, 1812. R. J. MEIGS, Sir—Since I received your letter of the 5th inst., I have exerted every nerve, night and day, to send the arms out to Urbana, and get the detachment from this place on the march. I havehad innumerable obstacles to contend with and surmount, we knew nothing of before. There was no paymaster agent here that is Taylor's agent, and objections to everything; I then had to set all my wits to work, and friends, a few assisted. I had to get Maj. Barr to join me to put in our note in Bank for $3500, payable in 10 days, which is all we could raise, and bills on Government will not command the cash here, there are' so many drawn they cannot be accommodated—I have sent to Urbana to Judge Reynolds (you did not direct me who) 500 stands of arms and 400 cartridge boxes, and belts as I could get. I have also sent ammunition, which you did not direct, and have sent camp kettles. etc., etc. The bills sent to Judge Reynolds to be delivered on your order. I have six as good companies as I have seen in the State—four have marched from here yesterday to join two others at Lebanon, where they will elect their Major. I found it impossible to attend to your request in meeting you and organize this detachment. I have appointed a Reg't. Quartermaster—he is very capable and very attentive, and the United States Assistant Deputy Quartermaster approves—and he is the principal assistant I have had, for I have done all without an Aid de camp, you may therefore judge of my situation—since the rendezvous here my house has been almost like a barracks,—having no particular order on the Aissistant Deputy Quastermaster, Lt. Bryson, or the contractor for supplies for this detachment, I have taken the responsibility on myself, but have not drawn (for it could not be had) what was actually necessary. You will please, if it meets your approbation, to sanction what I have done for those troops, and give an authority for the Deputy paymaster or his agent to pay the troops the advance the law allows, and refund the money I have advanced the troops, that it may be returned to the Bank. The detachment is as follows: Capt. Jenkinson with his company of artillery, fitted completely with muskets, etc., etc. Lebanon light infantry, in exactly the same uniform as Mansfield's company—four companies of riflemen completely equipt, one company one hundred strong, all can instantly fix bayonets to their rifles, the others, every man a tomahawk and knife—the whole are volunteers, except the light infantry of Lebanon. They have not yet received any advance for I could not draw sufficient; I have had complete muster pay and receipt rolls made out and signed as far as we have gone. We advanced one month's pay to the officers; and ten dollars to each man which has taken a larger sum than we received from Bank, 676 - CHAMPAIGN COUNTY, OHIO to wit: $3500—Captain Torrence and Carr drew the money and paid the men under the direction and assistance of Captain Adams of the fourth regiment, whom I got to assist, that it should be regular and pass. The Kentucky troops begin to arrive at Newport—I think it will be several days before. they leave this; I wish our detachment to be ahead of them, therefore marched them for Lebanon yesterday. If it was not for the obstacle of the pay being wanting, they might proceed on in advance as fast as possible; I am- very anxious to push them on, and have been from the first, for I am convinced they are wanting, and a better set of militia, and a more orderly, I never saw collected, and I believe will fight. I sent more ammunition to Urbana than I contemplated for that number of muskets. The rifle powder sent by mistake, which can be rectified when they get to Urbana—I expect to be there by the middle of next week, and if you have not left Piqua, I shall endeavor to see you before my return. The bearer will receive your answer, and any communication you may think proper to make. From accounts, McArthur is gathering laurels, God send them success. Yours with sentiments of respect and esteem, JOHN S. GANG. Sent this by Capt. Cox, express of Clinton Co., to whom I paid cash $3, and he is to meet me at Lebanon. Cincinnati, Aug. 14th, 1812. The Governor of the State of Ohio has given orders to Gen. Gano to have 300 men, properly officered, from his division, to convene in the shortest time possible, and have them march to Detroit to join Gen. Hull's army, and escort provisions, etc., for the army. And the paymaster's agent being absent, and the men being very anxious to receive their pay to provide themselves necessaries, the paymaster and receipt rolls are ready and will be sufficient vouchers for the payment. If the Miami Exporting Company or any persons will advance the pay we will jointly and severally hold ourselves bound for the amount. There will be 350 men from the 1st division in this detachment, the advance pay, as to the amount per month is stated in our advertisement in the papers. JOHN S. GANG, Commander 1st Div'n. O. Militia. WM. BARR. To the President and Directors of the Miami Exporting Company Bank, Cincinnati. $3,500. Ten days after date we or either of us promise to deliver to the President and Directors of the Miami Exporting Company, James Taylor's check on the Cashier of the said company, for three thousand five hundred dollars; or on failure of delivering the said check as stipulated therein, we or either of us promise to pay, at the expiration of the term aforesaid. to the President and Directors aforesaid at their office in Cincinnati three thonsand five hundred dollars, value received. URBANA IN 1812. It is difficult to recast a picture of Urbana as it must have appeared from the spring of 1812 to the fall of 1814. While it was a village of not more than three hundred in 1812, at the opening of the war, yet it was .soon to become the military center of the Army of the Northwest and the scene of CHAMPAIGN COUNTY, OHIO - 677 intense activity. The reconstruction of a picture of the village during these two or three years in order to show its military importance is made possible by the existence of an article published several years ago by Judge Patrick. The judge had come to the village in the fall of. 1811, as a lad of eleven, and, being of a historical turn of mind and possessed of a retentive memory, he was able to set forth with wonderful vividness a clear picture of the years 1812-14 in an article which he prepared for publication in later years. His account of the village and the military activities during the War of. 1812, supplemented by official records and other accounts by eye witnesses, furnishes the basis for this picture presented in the following paragraphs of the Urbana of 1812-14. Picture, if you can, a little straggling village, with mud streets, and with Scioto street a regular quagmire every spring; imagine the village of Urbana in the spring of 1812 to be about the size of Cable and not nearly as prosperous looking ; nearly all the houses in town are log—the jail was log and the court house likewise. On the corner where Hatton's drug store now stands, the northwestern corner of Monument Square and Main street, stood the tavern of Doolittle. In this tavern Governor Meigs had his headquarters, where General Hull remained a couple of weeks, where Brigadier-General Tupper stayed, and where orders went forth which brought hundreds of thousands of dollars' worth of military supplies to the little village. NUMBER OF TROOPS IN URBANA. For, be it understood, in the summer of 1812, Urbana was a military camp and saw more military preparedness than it did in the summer of 1917. Few people in the latter year know that Urbana was the most important military center west of the Alleghenies during the War of 1812. Here were established commissary and quartermaster departments, a military hospital, all kinds of blacksmith and wagon shops, harness and saddlery shops, and every conceivable sort of an artificer shop which was demanded by the military system of one hundred years ago. Scores of buildings arose in the summer of 1812 and the hum of industry was heard on every hand. Hull had about fifteen hundred recruits in his three regiments of militia and about six hundred and fifty regulars, a total of two thousand one hundred and fifty troops. These troops received supplies here and were drilled for at least two weeks at the edge of town. In the fall of the same year Tupper had twelve hundred troops here at the north edge of town and a little later Governor Shelby of Kentucky had five thousand mounted men camped in the 678 - CHAMPAIGN COUNTY, OHIO. southern part of town in the vicinity of the fair ground. These three separate detachments represented a total of eight thousand three hundred and fifty men, which, with the artificers and hangers-on, brought the total up to probably ten thousand, all of whom had to be fed and taken care of by the little village of three hundred. It must have been an exciting time in Urbana in the summer and fall of 1812. URBANA AS MILITARY HEADQUARTERS. In order to handle all of these troops it was necessary to provide a number of departments to take charge of affairs. Since it became necessary to handle so many troops and distribute such heavy supplies, the secretary of war divided the military camp into seven different departments, to-wit : William Jordan, quartermaster department ; Alexander Doke, in charge of artificer yard and shops ; Zephaniah Luce, commissary department ; Doctor Gould, physician and surgeon, in charge of the hospital; Jacob Fowler, general agent and government contractor, with authority to purchase food supplies ; Major David Gwynne, paymaster ; Josiah G. Talbott, in charge of recruiting station. As has been stated, the headquarters of the officers in charge were in Doolittle's tavern. Just across the street, on the corner now occupied by the Citizens National Bank, stood a two-story brick house built in the summer of 1811. This building was the storeroom for many years of D. & T. M. Gwynne. This two-story brick house was the headquarters for the commissary department, and it was in this same building that Richard M. Johnson was brought wounded after his personal and deadly encounter with Tecumseh at the battle of the Thames. The shops of the artificers were scattered over the village; the fort which stood on lot 104 was used as an artificer's shop. Alexander Doke owned this lot and being a 'blacksmith with a well-equipped shop, was placed in charge of all of the repair work concerned with metals. His lot embraced all of the ground south of the present Hitt & Fuller store to Market street. The whole lot was used as an artificer yard. Zephaniah Luce owned in-lots 50, 51, 52, 53 and 54, and had a tanyard on the first two, and also what he called a "finishing-shop." It was this shop which was used as the issuing commissary office, Luce having charge of that department. The jail stood on lot 107, and it was frequently used to house the wounded, although the court house which stood on lot 174 on East Court street, was the regular army hospital. In fact, there were so many wounded CHAMPAIGN COUNTY, OHIO - 679 and sick in the hospital that the jail had to be utilized for a court room, leaving all of the upper part of the old log court house to be used for hospital purposes. LOCAL MILITIA COMPANIES. During the progress of the war a number of separate militia companies were enrolled in Champaign county, the best known probably being the company of Joseph Vance, later governor of Ohio. He was a young man of about twenty-five at the time and was elected captain of a volunteer company of riflemen which was composed of the best marksmen selected from the surrounding country for several miles. So skillful were these old sharpshooters that they could drive a nail at a distance of seventy-five yards, and it has even been asserted that if a group of these hunters were to shoot at a running deer that the hand would cover the space where their several bullets hit. The members of the company captained by Joseph Vance were known as Minute-men or Rangers and were called out several times during the progress of the war. William Ward, Jr., was lieutenant and Isaac Myers ensign of Captain Vance's company. Other companies of Champaign county minute-men were captained by John McCord, Alexander Black, Abner Barret and Captain Kizer. The company of Captain McCord was ordered to Ft. McArthur (on the present site of the city of Kenton) and was stationed there for a month in order to guard against any possible Indian depredations. These four local companies patrolled the whole county, then extending from a mile south of Springfield to the northern boundary of the state, and were always ready to respond to the call of the authorities. It has not been possible td obtain the names of the members of these companies. A MILITIA COMPANY OF 1812. The .Champaign-Logan history of 1872 contains an article by Mrs. Sallie Moore, in which she describes the uniform of one of the militia companies and also other interesting facts of these fighting forefathers of ours. It follows : About the time of the War of 1812 a company of young men was organized in Champaign and Logan counties by Capt. Alexander Black. It was an independent company of home guards, or minute-men, and was called a rifle company, each man being armed with a good trusty rifle gun, shot-pouch, powder-horn, bullet-moulds, gun-flints, etc. Each furnished his own ammunition and was expected to hold himself in readiness at a minute's warning for any emergency, we at that time being the 680 - CHAMPAIGN COUNTY, OHIO. frontier settlement on the north and exposed to danger from the Indians who might be prowling about in the neighborhood. The uniform of the company consisted of a black hunting shirt, trimmed or fringed with white all round the body, made as a loose coat or wrapper reaching a little above the knees, and open in front and fringed; then a large circular cape with collar fastening all together at the neck. It was usually made of home-made linen about one and one-half inches wide, and sewing it on the garment and then raveling it out about half the width. Then a stout leather belt with large buckle in front, or some have a white belt, white pants and stockings. The hat was like one in fashion in the seventies, high crown with narrow rim. Each man had a white plume fastened to the left side of his hat. The feather was made by skillfully adjusting the white feathers of a goose around a ratan or a stick long enough to reach to the top of the hat, carefully and firmly wrapping them with thread, and on the top was a tuft of red feathers, a bit of scarlet cloth or .the scalp of the red-headed woodpecker. The company was called together three or four times a year for muster or company drill, and you may be assured their mothers and sisters, their wives and sweethearts were proud of them when they saw them dressed up in their uniforms and marching under their gallant captain. They were never called out to active service however. But there was a company of men who were called rangers, who were stationed at Manarie's Blockhouse, whose duty it was to range the country as spies. This fort or blockhouse was situated on the land of Col. James McPherson, near where the county house now stands. Vane's Blockhouse was situated on an eminence, a short distance north of Loganville. Some of our young friends may be ready to inquire what sort of a thing is a blockhouse? Well, it was not built of the blocks that fall from the carpenter's bench which our little four-year-olds like to build on mamma's carpet, but it was built with huge logs, but so compactly fitted together as to withstand the shots of an enemy without, with port holes for the inmates to shower the deadly bullets from within. Thus lived the pioneer settlers of our now populous and wealthy country. LOCAL COMPANY TO THE FRONT. The most important movement of the local volunteer companies occurred in the spring of 1813. In May of that year the British were besieging Ft. Meigs on Lake Erie and runners were dispatched from Urbana to all parts of the state urging all male citizens to arm themselves and assemble immediately at Urbana. Great excitement prevailed all over the state and within a short time men from all corners of the state—and at that time Urbana was the farthest town to the north—began to assemble at Urbana. Simon Kenton took a very active part in stirring up the citizens of Champaign county to a sense of their duty, and was ably assisted by Joseph Vance. This motley collection of volunteers elected officers by acclamation and by the first of June were ready to move forward to the relief of the besieged fort. Under command of Col. Duncan McArthur, they marched north along Hull's Trace and had proceeded a considerable distance when they met Col. William Oliver, CHAMPAIGN COUNTY, OHIO - 681 John McAdams and an Indian who had been dubbed "Captain Johnny." They had been sent forward as spies to reconnoiter and report the condition of affairs. They brought the welcome news that the British had lifted the siege and left with their forces, and that there was no need of the valiant little force continuing any farther. They had already been on the march four days. They returned to Urbana at once and were discharged. This seems to have been the last time the local militia companies were called out during the war. As before stated, it is not known how many men from .Champaign county served in the War of 1812. They were not credited to the several counties of the state as they were in the Civil War, and in the absence of official records it never will be known how many from Champaign county enlisted or, of the number enlisted, how many lost their lives. In the Concord cemetery are the graves of the following soldiers of this war : Jacob Barger, Daniel Crim, Joseph Longfellow, James Mitchell, Samuel Neer, Sr.; Robert Russell and William Sims. Probably the last living veteran of the war was Hugh Bay, of Goshen township, who died at Mechanicsburg on November 8, 1878. He is buried in Mechanicsburg. There are many other soldiers who fought in the War of 1812 buried in the cemeteries of the county, but no effort has ever been made to list them. The effect upon Champaign county and Urbana of the war was made manifest in several ways. First of all. it removed all danger of further Indian uprisings, and therefore hastened the settlement of the county. Then, there were scores, and probably, hundreds of people who came to the county as a result of being with the army while it was stationed in or passing through the county seat. It brought artisans of many kinds, business men, professional men, farmers and men in every walk of life. Thus, it may be seen that the war was of incalculable benefit to the county and more especially to Urbana. MEXICAN WAR. The Mexican War of 1846-48 did not seem to attract many volunteers from Champaign county. There is no record to be found of any company recruited in the county for service in the war, nor do the local newspapers of the town throw much light on the part the county took in that struggle. The few Champaign county volunteers were found in companies raised in other counties in the state, and most of them were attached to companies in the Army of the Rio Grande. The following volunteers are known to have served for varying terms 682 - CHAMPAIGN COUNTY, OHIO. at the front during the progress of the war : Gatch Ambrose, Thomas Connerton, Findlay Dunham, Stephen Hagerbaugh, George Hoover, Evan Jenkins, Frank Jenkins, Oliver Jenkins, Thomas Lowe, John Needler, Isaac N. Pierce, Johnson K. Putnam, George Seibert, Leopold Wagner, Robert Wallace and Thomas Wilson. The career of Gatch Ambrose was spectacular. When the war opened he was an engineer on a Mississippi river steamboat, but at once enlisted for service in Mexico. He passed through all of the battles of his regiment unharmed and later became a member of Walker's Nicaraguan expedition in 1852. This expedition, led by "the gray-eyed man of destiny," enlisted many brave young men, practically all of whom paid the penalty of their folly with their lives—and young Ambrose was' one of them. THE CIVIL WAR. The complete history of Champaign county in the Civil War will never be written. It is possible to enumerate all of the men who went to the front, to list all of those who lost their lives and to make a roster of all who returned. It is possible to ascertain to a cent how much money was appropriated by the county commissioners, by the various townships, and by the state for military purposes. The amount of bounty money and the amount of relief money can be figured up; a fair summary can be made of the donations made by the many private organizations of the county. In other words, the matter of men and money can be set down in figures—they are tangible. THE TRAGEDY OF WAR. But who can measure the heartaches, the sleepless nights, the days of longing and nights of waiting ? Who' can describe the anguish suffered by the women who waited for husbands who never returned, or measure the grief of the children who waited in vain for the father who' was left on a Southern battlefield ? There are some things which cannot be measured with a foot-rule or weighed by scale—and these are some of them. If three thousand young men—and most of them were under twenty-five—went out from Champaign county, there must have been at least three thousand hearts left behind to await their return. Day by day, week by week, month by month, and year by year, they waited ; the toll of dead and wounded appeared in the papers of Urbana week by week. Who can describe the fear and trembling with which hundreds of mothers picked up the weekly paper and looked CHAMPAIGN COUNTY, OHIO - 683 to see whether their sons' names were listed among the dead, or the wounded, or the captured? These are some of the things which baffle the pen of the most skillful historian to describe. Therefore, may it again be said, the whole story of Champaign county in the Civil War can never be written. SOURCES OF INFORMATION. It is practically impossible to determine the exact number of volunteers furnished by Champaign county for service during the Civil War. The difficulty in writing an accurate history of the part Champaign county played in the Civil War arises from the fact that the local records are imperfectly kept, and that even the official roster of the state adjutant-general's office is incomplete. Another factor which renders it difficult to get at the exact number the county furnished comes from the fact that there were many regiments which contained only a few men from the county, and so few that no record was .kept of them. In the compilation of this chapter concerning the Civil War the historian had had recourse to the following sources of information : (I) The county commissioners' journal for the years covering the war ; (2) four blank record books kept by the county military committee; (3) "Roster of the Soldiers of the State of Ohio in the War of the Rebellion, 1861-66" ; (4) files of Champaign county newspapers during the sixties (missing from spring of 1861 to spring of 1865) ; (5) "History of Champaign county, 1881; (6) "Centennial Album," 1905; (7.) "Soldiers of Champaign County who Died for the Union," W. A. Brand, 1876; (8) various regimental histories of regiments containing Champaign volunteers; (9) Howe's "Historical Collections ;" (10) Grand Army of the Republic records ; (1 ) records of state pensioners under act of 1900; (12) interviews with old soldiers still living. SOLDIERS FURNISHED BY CHAMPAIGN COUNTY. The census of 1860 returned a total population of 22,698 for the county, and Captain A. C. Deuel, provost marshal, reported 4,112 men of military age on September 1, 1862. On that date the county was credited with 1,493 volunteers and when the draft was ordered on that date, there were 152 ordered from Champaign county. The draft went into operation on October 6, but by that time the county had furnished 212 volunteers, or 6o more than its quota. This brought the total number of volunteers of the county on October 1, 1862, up to 1,705. The enrollment of men of military age for 684 - CHAMPAIGN COUNTY, OHIO 1863 was 3,769, while for 1864 the enrollment was 2,950. The office of the adjutant-general furnished the following data concerning Champaign county in the Civil War : The last call by the President for troops was. dated December 19, 1864, the call being for 300,000 troops. On June 30, 1865, the record of the provost marshal's office shows that Champaign county's quota was 266; recruits furnished, 166; raised by draft, 19; deficiency, 41. This indicates that the county was only 41 short of its quota at the close of the war. Thus it may be safely assumed that the county furnished its full quota under all the calls except the last, and under this call the state was short 2752, which can be accounted for by the tact that the war practically came to an end in April, 1865, when recruiting and enforcement of the draft ceased. The record of the county during the final year of the war shows that it maintained its loyalty to the Union to the last. No doubt the deficiency of forty-one would have been amply covered if there had been any occasion to need the men. Adjt.-Gen. A. B. Critchfield, who furnished the above data to Capt. J. T. Woodward, of Urbana, concluded his statement regarding the contribution of the county to the Civil War with this statement : "Assuming that the county furnished her full quota under all calls, which assumption, we think, is justified by the records, the number furnished by the county was about three thousand. The record shows that two hundred and three Champaign county soldiers re-enlisted under the call of the war department for veteran volunteer soldiers." REGIMENTS REPRESENTED IN COUNTY. The largest body of men from the county in one organization was enrolled in the one hundred and thirty-fourth Regiment which was mustered in May 6, 1864, for the hundred-day service, the county furnishing about seven hundred and fifty men for this one regiment. The other regiments of the county which included large bodies of Champaign volunteers were the Second, Thirteenth, Twenty-sixth, Thirty-second, Forty-second, Forty-fifth, Sixty-sixth, Ninety-fifth and One Hundred and Thirteenth. In 1864, after the -county had furnished several companies for the One Hundred and Thirty-fourth Regiment, the military committee reported that the county had furnished two thousand nine hundred and fifty volunteers. Many men and women are living in Champaign county in 1917 who can vividly recall the days of Civil War. The present year can bear n6 comparison to the cloud which hung over the nation during the trying days of the sixties, a cloud which at times seemed to cover the nation like a pall. CHAMPAIGN COUNTY, OHIO - 685 Politics must answer for many things, and among these history will undoubtedly asseverate that this something which we Americans call politics \vas responsible for a needless amount of suffering during the Civil War. KNIGHTS OF THE GOLDEN CIRCLE. In 1863 there was a peculiar situation in the United' States in the Northern states, in Ohio, and in Champaign county. No man has ever satisfactorily explained why there were men during those trying days of 1863, who, because their fathers happened to be Democrats, .felt that the North was in the wrong and that the war was an unjust war. No one has ever explained why thousands and tens of thousands of good men in the Northern states, in Ohio and even in Champaign county, felt that they were doing the right thing when they joined the Knights of the Golden Circle. History does not record a Republican who joined this organization, and there is not a Democrat in 1917 who condones the work which was done by this sinister organization. No one will ever know how many men in Champaign county belonged to the Knights of the Golden Circle, and it is just as well that the fact remains a secret forever. No doubt there are men living in the county today who belonged to it, but it is equally true that they did not realize the kind of an organization to which they were giving their support when they joined it. The local newspapers and the county commissioners' records bear ample witness to the fact that the western part of the county was not as loyal to the Union as it might have been. On more than one occasion the Home Guards were called out to suppress incipient riots stirred up by Southern sympathizers. Practically all of the deserters in the county were to be found in the western townships, and it was there that the draft had to be resorted to in order to meet the county's quota. But this phase of the county's record should be considered as a curious result, lamentable though it was, of our blind adherence to a political party. It happened that the Democratic party was dominant in the South at the opening of the Civil War; the result might have been just the same if it had been the Republican party that had been the strongest ; then the Knights of the, Golden Circle might have been formed among the. Republicans of the North. But Champaign county had probably as little of the Southern sentiment as any of the counties of the central and southern part of the state. To offset any tendency in this direction, there were hundreds of loyal "War Democrats" in the county who stood unswervingly by the Union and did 686 - CHAMPAIGN COUNTY, OHIO. everything in their power to assist in putting down the Rebellion. In the enlistments from the different townships, especially from the central and eastern portions of the county, the Democrats vied with the Republicans in volunteering. Certainly, the Democrats, as a party, were loyal in Champaign county, if one may judge from the views expressed by their party organ. ANTI-WAR SPIRIT IN THE COUNTRY. Although the Civil War did not open until April, 1861, Champaign county had begun to evidence its faith in the Union as early as January of that year. When South Carolina seceded in December, 186o, the people of the United States, both North and South, intuitively felt that the impending crisis was at last about to, come to a climax. As state after state seceded, as fort after fort fell into the hands of those opposed to the Union, the feeling grew apace that bloodshed must ensue. This story is only, however, of the part Champaign county played in this great struggle. The local papers tell us that on the evening of January 17, 1861, a public meeting was called by the mayor of Urbana to discuss the condition of the nation's affairs. Mayor William Patrick, one of the county's most distinguished citizens, called the meeting to order in the court house and appointed a committee to present resolutions for the consideration of the citizens of the county. A crowded court room greeted the mayor as he called John. Russell to the front to act as secretary. The mayor briefly stated that the meeting was for the single purpose of considering the question of a united nation, and the steps which should be taken to bring the Southern states back into the Union. Prominent in the meeting were such men as John H. Young, Joshua Saxton, Christopher Ryan, A. M. Pence, A. F. Vance, F. M. Wright, Levi Geiger and John D. Burnette. Here were Republicans, Democrats of both stripes, Whigs of former years, and men of other political faiths—but all for the Union. Vance was a Bell-Everett man; John H. Young was a Douglas Democrat; John D. Burnette was a Breckenridge Democrat; Levi Geiger was a Lincoln Republican; F. M. Wright was a follower of Chase. And yet these men of such diverse political views were united on one thing —and that was the preservation of the union. CHAMPAIGN COUNTY, OHIO - 687 RESOLUTION PRECIPITATES DEBATE. There were four resolutions prepared by this committee representing four shades of political belief and the first three were adopted with little opposition. The fourth resolution was divided into six parts : (I) That we recommend the repeal of all personal liberty bills; (2) that the fugitive slave law be amended for the prevention of kidnaping; (3) that the Constitution be amended to prohibit interference with slavery in any of the states where it now exists ; (4) that Congress shall not interfere with the interstate slave trade; (5) that there. shall be a perpetual prohibition of the African slave trade; (6) that the line of thirty-six degrees thirty minutes north latitude, shall be run through all the existing territory of the United States and that north of that line slavery shall be prohibited, and that south of that line neither Congress nor the territorial Legislature shall hereafter pass any law abolishing, prohibiting, or in any manner interfering with African slavery, and that when any territory containing a sufficient population for one member of Congress in any area of sixty thousand square miles shall apply for admission as a state, it shall be admitted with or without slavery as its Constitution may determine. This fourth resolution, with its various sections, precipitated acrimonious debate, and brought forth impassioned oratory from several speakers. Finally, when it was seen that something had to be done, Henry T. Niles arose and offered as a substitute the following resolution : "That we as citizens of Urbana are in favor of the Union, the Constitution and the enforcement of the laws." No one seconded the resolution and the debate was again directed to the original resolution. A. F. Vance, L. H. Long, R. C. Fulton, John S. Leedom and Ichabod Corwin favored the adoption of the fourth resolution, while Levi Geiger, George B. Way, A. C. Deuel, Joseph C. Brand and John A. Corwin opposed its adoption. In order to stop the debate which was getting to the place where it was likely to result disastrously for the meeting, Levi Geiger moved to table the resolution, and his motion carried. The meeting closed after the following was offered and unanimously adopted: "We, the people of the town of Urbana, are unalterably and forever attached to, and in favor of, the supremacy of the Constitution, and of all laws passed in pursuance of it, and of the. union of these states; and for the maintenance thereof against all attacks from all quarters, we pledge to each our lives, our fortunes, and our sacred honor." 688 - CHAMPAIGN COUNTY, OHIO. THE FALL OF FT. SUMTER. And it was this feeling, so fittingly expressed, that animated the people of Urbana during the progress of the war. When the South opened fire on Ft. Sumter on the morning of April 12, 1861, it was not realized that the nation was going to be thrown into a maelstrom of carnage and bloodshed which was to last four years. When Captain Anderson surrendered his little band of defenders three days later and the news was telegraphed to all corners of the United States, there was a feeling of intense patriotism throughout the Northern states. The long-expected date arrived; war had finally come upon us. The surrender of Ft. Sumter was followed immediately by a proclamation of President Lincoln calling for seventy-five thousand volunteers. The fact that they were asked to serve only three months shows that neither the President nor his advisers realized the situation. Ohio responded with an amazing quickness to the call for volunteers, and two days after the call was made Champaign county had a company ready to go to the front. Unfortunately the issues of the local papers for the four years of the war are missing, but there are many still living in 1917 who can recall the enthusiasm which followed the call for troops in Champaign county. GENERAL STATEMENT. Ohio furnished 310,654 men for service during the Civil War and Champaign county furnished approximately 3,000 of this number. At least four regiments mustered in for the three-months service in 1861 contained volunteers from Champaign county. These regiments were the First, Second, Third and Thirteenth. The Eighty-sixth Regiment, also a three-months regiment, was called into the service in June, 1862. During the summer of 1864 the state was called upon to furnish over 100,000 men, most of them for the hundred-days service, or approximately three months. Practically all of the volunteers of 1864 were for the hundred-days service and most of them from this county were in the One Hundred and Thirty-fourth Regiment. The first considerable body of men from Champaign county to enlist for the three-year service were in the Twenty-sixth Regiment, which was organized in June and July, 1861. Edward P. Fyffe, of Urbana, was the colonel of this regiment and it included probably fifty men from the county. CHAMPAIGN COUNTY, OHIO - 689 The next regiment of three-year volunteers to draw men from the county was the Thirty-second, which was recruited in August and September, 1861. The county furnished most of the volunteers for Company B. The Forty-second Regiment was the next to draw heavily from the county, Company I recruiting about a third of its numbers from the vicinity of St. Paris. Jason P. Kite of St. Paris is one. of the few members of the Forty-second Regiment still living in the county. The Sixty-sixth Regiment which was organized in the fall of 1861 contained more three-year enlistments from Champaign county than any other regiment. It was the only regiment which was organized with its headquarters at Urbana. It contained approximately seven hundred men of Champaign county. Three other regiments drew substantial additions from Champaign county for the three-year service : Forty-fifth, Ninety-fifth and One Hundred and Thirteenth. The Forty-fifth Regiment contained between seventy-five and one hundred volunteers from the county, most of them being in Company H, a few being in Companies. E, C and I. The Ninety-fifth contained nearly two full companies in the county, E and G. The One Hundred and Thirteenth had between eighty-five and one hundred volunteers from the county in Company E, most of the enlistments being from the western part of the county. All of the regiments enumerated above were composed of infantry troops. But the county contributed a respectable quota to the volunteer cavalry regiments of the state. The Third Ohio Cavalry enlisted thirty-one men in the county in fall of 1861. The Twelfth Cavalry was organized in the fall of 1863 from the state at large and drew at least as many volunteers from the county as the Third Cavalry. An organization known as "Burden's Sharpshooters" was organized in the fall of 1862 and enrolled at least seven. men in Champaign county. Their names are recorded in the local records as receiving a bounty for enlistment in this particular organization It is not generally known that a number of colored men from. Champaign county enlisted during the war. The state recruited .five thousand colored troops during the war and Champaign county furnished a few of this number. Unfortunately there is no way of telling who they were, the local records making no distinction between bounties paid white and colored troops. No company of colored men was raised in the county, the local colored men either joining volunteer companies raised in Columbus or else joined the United States Regular Army. A few colored men who lost their lives in the service have been traced and their names are herewith presented : Jerry (44) 690 - CHAMPAIGN COUNTY, OHIO. Brown, Anderson Smith and John Barrett, of Company A, Twenty-seventh United States Colored Troops, were killed in an assault on Petersburg, Virginia, July 30, 1864. Isaiah Gales, of Urbana, a member of the same company and regiment of colored troops, died in Philadelphia, September 26, 1864. Charles Holmes, another colored boy of Urbana, was a member of Company C, Thirty-third United States Colored Troops, and was killed in South Carolina on September 23, 1863. Among other colored soldiers from the county, most of them from Urbana, were the following, all of whom are deceased : William Spain, Isaiah Buckner, Nathaniel Stevens, Henry Clark, David Barret, David Boyd, Harry Washington, Samuel Hunter, Frank Boyd (enlisted under name of Frank Adams) and Samuel Hill (enlisted under ,name of Samuel Wright). The following colored veterans of the Civil War are now living in the county : James Taylor, Dorsey Fletcher, Louis Dickerson, Jerry Wornel, Calvin Gales and William Roberts. THE THREE-MONTHS REGIMENT OF 1861. Ohio furnished twenty-three infantry regiments for the three-months service in 1861, and Champaign county furnished a number of men for the First, Second and of Regiments. These men volunteered without any bounty and most of them later re-enlisted in other regiments, a large number of them joining the Sixty-sixth Regiment which was organized at Urbana in the fall and winter of 1861-62. Capt. B. Frank Ganson has the honor of having been the first volunteer from Champaign county for service in the Civil War. At a rousing meeting held in the court house on April 16, a call was made for volunteers and Ganson at once leaped to his feet and rushed to the front of the room to offer his services. The example set by this patriotic youth was quickly followed by a number of others and before the meeting was over there was a sufficient number of volunteers to organize a company. The company was ordered to Camp Dennison, assigned to the Second Regiment, Ohio Volunteer Infantry, and was mustered into the United States service on April 17, 1861. There are no local records to indicate who the volunteers for the three-months service were, the military authorities being offered so many men that no effort was made to proportion them to the various counties of the state. CHAMPAIGN COUNTY, OHIO - 691 FIRST REGIMENT (THREE MONTHS). Champaign county furnished a few men for the First and Second Ohio Volunteer Infantry Regiments for the three months service. These regiments were organized at Columbus, April 18, 1861, left Columbus on the morning of April 19, and were mustered into the service at Lancaster, Pennsylvania, April 29. They arrived in Washington the following week and were assigned to General Schenck's Brigade, of General Tyler's Division. The First Regiment was in the battle of Vienna, Virginia, June 17, with a loss of nine killed and two wounded. Both regiments were at the battle of Bull Run July 21, 1861, and the First had three killed, two wounded and two missing, and the Second lost two killed, eight captured and one missing. The First Regiment was mustered out between August I and August 16, 1861, and the Second on July 31, 1861. SECOND REGIMENT (THREE-MONTHS SERVICE). The Second Regiment contained more volunteers from the county than the First. It is probable that Company K had more than any other company, its captain, William Baldwin, and first lieutenant, Thomas F. Brand, both being Urbana men. The little village of Woodstock furnished no fewer than eight men for this company, namely : George W. Stoddard. (corporal), Charles Cushman, John J. Hoisington, Melvin Kenfield, Alvaro Smith, Willard C. Smith and Henry Harrison Hess. Hess was the only one of the number who was not mustered out with the company. He was captured at Bull Run on July 21, 1861, and was a prisoner at Richmond, Virginia; Salisbury, North Carolina, and New Orleans, Louisiana.. He was paroled at Richmond, Virginia, in 1862, and was sent to his home at Woodstock where he died on June 19, 1862. Other volunteers in Company K were Thomas F. Brand (first lieutenant), J. P. Dolbow, Michael Durkin, Monroe Elliott, W. A. McComsey, Thomas M. Owen, Samuel B. Price, and Cyrus F. Ward. SECOND REGIMENT (THREE-YEARS SERVICE). The Second Regiment, Volunteer Infantry, for the three-years service was organized at Camp Dennison from July 17, td September 20, 1861. The original members of the Regiment, excepting the veterans, were mustered out on October. 1o, 1864, the limit of the term for which they were 692 - CHAMPAIGN COUNTY, OHIO. enlisted. The veterans and recruits were then transferred to the Eighteenth Veteran Infantry Regiment, October 31, 1864. Among a long list of battles in which this regiment was engaged the following may be enumerated : West Liberty, Kentucky, October 23, 1861; Pike Town, Kentucky, November 9, 1861; Bridgeport, Alabama, April 29, 1862; Perryville, Kentucky, October 8, 1862; Stone's River, Tennessee, December 31, 1862 ; Rosecrans' Campaign, June 23 (from Murfreesboro to Tullahoma, Tennessee) ; 'Chickamauga, Georgia, September 19-2o, 1863; Lookout Mountain, Tennessee, September 24, 1863 ; Missionary Ridge, November 25, 1863, Ringgold, Georgia, November 27, 1863; Buzzard Roost, Tunnel Hill and Rocky-Face Ridge, Georgia, February 25-27, 1864 ; Resaca, Georgia, May 13-16, 1864 ; Peach Tree Creek, July 20, 1864. This regiment is one of the number which has left no local records concerning its members from Champaign county. Among the field and staff officers it is known that Cyprian H. Winget and. Rosaloo Smith were musicians, both from Rush township. In Company A were a number of Champaign county volunteers, the company being captained by Alexander S. Berryhill, of this county. Rush township alone furnished the following: George W. Stoddard (first lieutenant), Calvin Winget, Dexter P. Smith and John Hoisington (corporals), Christopher Cranston, Julius Cushman, Melvin Kenfield, David Moore, Minard Sessions, Miles Standish, Eliphas Meacham, William Willis and Wilson Young—a total of fifteen from the Woodstock community. Other volunteers in Company A were E. Harrison Hovey, Isaiah Cline, John W. Green, Norville W. Anderson, Samuel T. McMorran, James H. Gowdy, Stephen Cundiff, James Allman, Jasper Carter, Michael Fritz, Moses Cline, W. P. Long, H. W. Long, Levi Borem, E. B. Cundiff, M. P. Downey; J. M. Fitzpatrick, D. D. Moore, Theodore Sutphen, William West, Daniel C. Hitt, George B. Hunter, T. C. Runyan and John Roberts. Company D included George W. Briggs, Michael Costigan, John McCune, Joseph Meade, J. S. McAfee, James McNally, Michael Touey, James Peese, John E. Weaver. Company H enrolled Daniel Bannen, John W. Kennedy, Levi Jennings, James L. Shell and Henry Summerling. THIRTEENTH REGIMENT (THREE MONTHS). The Thirteenth Volunteer Infantry was enrolled from the 20th to the 27th of April, 1861, and mustered into the United States service from April 24 to May 4, .1861, at Camp Jackson, Columbus, Ohio. The regiment CHAMPAIGN COUNTY, OHIO - 693 was reorganized for three years, between May 29 and June 20, 1861, the enrolling taking place between these two dates. Those who did not re-enlist were mustered out with their companies from August 14 to 25, 1861, at Columbus, Ohio. Champaign county had a number of men in this regiment, but the local records do not indicate who they were. Company D, captained by Benjamin P. Runkle, contained a number of recruits from the county, among them being Burdette Shyrigh, Solomon Brecount, John M. Cundiff, Jacob Idle, Charles McDargh and Frank Chance (corporal). It was mustered out on August 22, 1861. Company K, John A. Corwin, captain, also had a number of Champaign county volunteers, among them being Moses B. Wright, John F. Hefflebower, John Conrad, Ichabod Corwin, David Downey, John R. Frankberger; John Hewitt, William B. Johnson, Samuel Lafferty, Harrison Landsdown, Thomas McClellan, Samuel Moore, Abraham Reams, Jonathan Reams, John Stoafstall, John Thackery, David Toomire, Joseph Toomire and Joseph Wren. TWENTY-SIXTH REGIMENT (THREE YEARS). The Twenty-sixth Volunteer Infantry was organized at Camp Chase, Columbus, from June 8 to July 24, 1861, to serve three years. On the expiration of its three-year service, all its original members except the veterans were mustered out. The members of the Ninety-seventh Regiment of Ohio Infantry, whose term of service had not expired at the date of muster-out of that regiment were transferred to this regiment on June 10, 1865. Then the organization, composed of veterans and recruits, was retained in the service until October 21, 1865, when it was mustered out in accordance with orders from the war department. The Twenty-sixth Regiment was engaged, in several of the hardest-fought battles of the Civil War, the most important of these being the following: Shiloh, Tennessee, April 6-7, 1862 ; Corinth, Mississippi, May 3o, 1862; Perryville, Kentucky, October 8, 1862 ; Stone's River, Tennessee, December 31, 1862-January 1-2, 1863 ; Chickamauga, September 19-20, 1863 ; Missionary Ridge, November 25, 1863 ; Rocky-Face Ridge, Georgia, May 5-9, 1864 ; Resaca, Georgia, May 13-16, 1864 ; Adairsville, Georgia, May 17-18, 1864 ; Dallas, Georgia, May 25-June 4, 1864 ; Kenesaw Mountain, Georgia, June 9-30, 1864 ; Peach Tree Creek, Georgia, July 20, 1864 ; Atlanta, Georgia, July 22, 1864; Jonesboro, Georgia, August 31-September 1, 1864 ; 694 - CHAMPAIGN COUNTY, OHIO. Spring Hill, Tennessee, November 29, 1864; Franklin, Tennessee, November 30, 1864; Nashville, Tennessee, December 15-16, 1864. The regiment enrolled a number of volunteers in Champaign county, most of them being found in Company H. Edward P. Fyffe, then fifty-one years of age, was appointed colonel of the regiment on June 10, 1861, and was discharged on December 18, 1863. John H. James, then twenty-seven years of age, was appointed adjutant on June 29, 1861, and was promoted to the captaincy of Company A on December 12, 1861, resigned from the latter position on February 12, 1863. Another Urbana officer of the regiment was Leander H. Long, then thirty-seven years of age, who was appointed chaplain of the regiment on July 5, 1861, resigned from the service on March 4, 1862: Long was mayor of Urbana at one time and a prominent minister of one of the local churches. Among the members of Company H were the following from Champaign county : S. H. Hamilton, John D. Shoafstall, Thomas J. McArthur, William G. McClintock, William B. Johnson, David Blue, Thomas Coleman, Patrick Connell, William Corwin, Mathew Castle, Shepherd Grove,. 'William S. Gowey, George Huffman, John W. Henry, William Cameron, James Miller, William H. Miller, Thomas K. Mouser, Mathew Newland, Ralph Osborn, Leonard Roberts, Samuel Richeson, Frederick Singer, Daniel D. Smith, Adolphus Stump, John M. Williams, George Brewster, Charles Bartholomew and Miles C. Baker. THIRTY-SECOND REGIMENT (THREE YEARS). The Thirty-second Regiment was organized near Mansfield, Ohio, between August 20 and September 7, 1861, to serve three years. Company F was detached on December 22, 1863, and was organized as the Twenty-sixth Independent Battery, Ohio Light Artillery, and a new Company, F, was organized in February and March, 1864. On the expiration of the term of the Thirty-second Regiment the original members with the exception of the veterans, were mustered out and the organization, composed of veterans and recruits, was retained in the service until July 20, 1845, when it Was mustered out. The Thirty-second regiment had a long and honorable career at the front and bore as conspicuous a part in the war as any regiment from this county. In 1861 the regiment was at Greenbrier and Camp Alleghany, West Virginia, where they fought engagements on October 3 and on December 13. In 1862 they were. in Virginia and, beginning in May with a battle CHAMPAIGN COUNTY, OHIO - 695 at McDowell, they fought at Cross Keys, Port Republic and Harpers Ferry, the last engagement extending from September 12 to September 15. In 1863 the regiment was in Mississippi and participated in the siege of Vicksburg, being present at the battle of Champion's Hill on May 16, a battle that history concedes to be the bloodiest fought during the whole war. In 1864 the regiment opened the year in February at Bakers Creek, Mississippi, and later started in with Sherman in the northeastern part of Georgia and followed him through to the sea, participating in all the battles of the famous Atlanta campaign. From Savannah the regiment was with Sherman northward through the Carolinas and Virginia to Washington, D. C., where they participated in the Grand Review. Champaign county furnished- practically all the volunteers for Company B, most of them being from the eastern part of the county, Mechanicsburg and Goshen township contributing more than a score. Horatio G. Johnson, of Mechanicsburg, was a first lieutenant of the company. A few volunteers from the county joined Company H, among them being William M. Whitaker, a resident of Urbana in 1917. Whitaker was mustered in on August 29, 1862; appointed corporal, November 1, 1862 ; appointed sergeant March 27, 1865; mustered out with his company, July 20, 1865. A summary of the Thirty-second Regiment is given in a volume entitled "Ohio at Vicksburg" (1906), pp. 60-71. This summary states that "Company B was recruited chiefly from Union and Champaign counties, and was mustered into the service August 20, 1861, at Camp Dennison, Ohio, from where it was sent to .Camp Bartley. Recruiting for the veteran service began on December 7, 1863, and by January 18, 1864, about seventy-five per cent. had re-enlisted and the Thirty-second was mustered in as a veteran regiment. That the regiment was in some of the hardest-fought battles of the war may be. seen when it is stated that it went "to the front September 15, 1861, 950 strong, recruited 1,650 men, making a total mustered during its service of 2,610. Of that large number, three fairly good-sized regiments, but 565 remained at muster out." If further proof of the valiant service of this regiment is demanded the reader is directed to a statement in Reid's "Ohio in the War," p. 216: "It is believed that the regiment (Thirty-second Ohio) lost and recruited more men than any other from Ohio." A handsome monument is dedicated to the Thirty-second Regiment on the battlefield at Vicksburg. It bears the inscription "THIRTY SECOND INFANTRY, COLONEL BENJAMIN F. POTTS, 3d BRIG., 3d DIV., 17th CORPS, OHIO." A picture of the monument may be seen in the volume "Ohio at Vicksburg," p. 70. 696 - CHAMPAIGN COUNTY, OHIO. FORTY-SECOND REGIMENT (THREE YEARS). The Forty-second Regiment was organized at Camp Chase between September and November, 1861, for the three-years service. With the exception of the veterans the original members were mustered out at different dates from September 30 to December 30, 1864. The veterans and recruits were then transferred to the Ninety-sixth Battalion, Ohio Volunteer Infantry. Most of the fighting of this regiment, which will always be known as Colonel Garfield's regiment, was in the Southwest, in Arkansas, Louisiana and Mississippi. The first engagement of the regiment occurred on January 10, 1862, at Middle Creek, Kentucky. The next engagement did not take place until December 28-29, 1862, and was at Chickasaw Bayou, Mississippi. The succeeding engagements of the regiment were as follows : Arkansas Post, Arkansas (Ft. Hindman), January 11, 1863 ; Thompson's Hill, Mississippi (Ft. Gibson), May 1, 1863 ; Raymond, Mississippi, May 12, 1863 ; Champion's Hill, Mississippi, May 16, 1863 ; Big Black River, Mississippi, May 17, 1863 ; Siege of Vicksburg, May 18-July 4, 1863; Siege of Jackson, Mississippi, July 9-16, 1863 ; Opelousas, Louisiana, October 21, 1863. Most of this regiment was enrolled in the eastern part of the state, only Companies I and K being from the western part of the state, the former being recruited at St. Paris and the latter at Bellefontaine. About one-third of Company I came from Champaign county and the remainder of the company from Miami and Shelby counties. Company I was captained by Roland B. Lynch, not a Champaign county man. The following Champaign county volunteers were commissioned and non-commissioned officers of Company I: David N. Prince, appointed captain January 1, 1864, having been mustered in as first sergeant ; David Scott, first lieutenant ; William L. Stewart, second lieutenant ; Sylvester F. Count and Ira B. Grandy, sergeants ; Joseph H. Loudenback, John Shanley, William Gray, John W. Anderson, William H. Byers, Robert R. Earsom and Robert McIntosh, corporals ; William H. Dodson and William H. Moore, musicians. Among the privates of Company I from Champaign county—the list is impossible to complete—were the following: David J. Comer, Darius Corner, Jacob Couchman, -George R. Crawford, John B. Deweese, William G. Gray, Ephriam Heath, William Jones, Jason P. Kite,• Oliver P. Longfellow, George H. Lippincott, Chauncey N. McIntosh. Joseph Kitchen, Eli Lemen, James W. Lyon and John H. Tritt. Of the volunteers in Company I from Champaign county, Jason P. CHAMPAIGN COUNTY, OHIO - 697 Kite is one of the very few left—and the only one from Johnson township—most of the members having answered the last roll call. Mr. Kite has attended every reunion of the Forty-second since 1876 and for thirty-eight years was the secretary of the regiment, relinquishing this post on account of failing eyesight. Mr. Kite entered the service on November 16, 1861, at the age of eighteen and was mustered out with his company on December 2, 1864. A brief sketch of the Forty-second Ohio is given in the volume "Ohio at Vicksburg," pp. 82-88. The regiment is traced from its organization in September, 1861, through the siege of Vicksburg, until it was mustered out in November and December, 1864. The regiment lost one officer and twenty men killed, and eighteen officers and three hundred and twenty-five men wounded. The monument to the Forty-second in Vicksburg Military Park contains the following inscription : "FORTY SECOND INFANTRY, LIEUT. COL. DON A. PARDEE, MAJ. WILLIAM H. WILLIAMS, COL. LIONEL A. SHELDON, 2D BRIG., 9TH DIV., 13TH CORPS." A picture of the monument may be seen on page 88 of "Ohio at Vicksburg."  FORTY-FIFTH REGIMENT (THREE YEARS). The Forty-fifth Regiment was organized at Camp Chase, August 19, 1862, to serve for three years and was mustered out of the service on June 12, 1865. Its actual service in the field included the following battles : Dutton's Hill, Kentucky, (Somerset), March 3o, 1863 ; Monticello, Kentucky, May I, 1863 ; Monticello and Rocky Gap, Kentucky, June 9, 1862; Columbia, Kentucky, July 3, 1863 ; Morgan's raid through Indiana and Ohio, July 3-20, 1863 ; Buffington Island, Ohio, July 19, 1863 ; Philadelphia, Tennessee, October 20-22, 1863 Rockford, Tennessee, November 14, 1863 ; Holston River, Tennessee, November 15, 1863 ; Siege of Knoxville, November 17-December 4, 1863 ; Bean's Station, Tennessee, December 14, 1862. Beginning in the spring of 1864, the regiment was with. Sherman until after the Siege of Atlanta in September, and then returned- to Tennessee, where it fought the battles of -Columbia, Franklin and Nashville, the latter on December 15 and 16, 1864. It is possible to determine with accuracy the number of recruits Champaign county furnished for the Forty-fifth Regiment. A complete list of the eighty-five recruits for this regiment, together with the township to which they were credited, as well as the amount of their bounty and the person receiving it, is preserved in an old record which may be seen in the auditor's office. By comparing this record with the official record of the 698 - CHAMPAIGN COUNTY, OHIO. state adjutant-general it is possible to determine the company of each recruit, this not being indicated in the local record. Practically all of the recruits were in Company H although a few were in Companies E, C and I. The complete roster of the county in this regiment follows :