100 - HISTORY OF COLUMBIANA COUNTY "Salt boiling" was in the early days an important industry. Salineville, where the industry thrived most largely, received its name from its salt wells. Salt at the beginning of the century was a precious commodity in the west, ranking with the luxuries of the pioneer days. It brought higher prices than even sugar and flour, since it had to be brought over the mountains from the East. Frequently the ruling price was $5 a bushel, and even then the supply was often exhausted for weeks in the little settlements in the sparsely inhabited region. "Packing salt" over the mountains was a business much followed in those days by enterprising traders and until the salt spring of Columbiana County began to give up their yield, was attended with large profits. Stories are still told of the days when early settlers rode many miles .to obtain a supply of salt, and prized it to an extent that in later years seemed ridiculous. Salt springs were early found here and there throughout the southern part of the county, and finally settlers began making explorations, and boring wells for the precious staple. The industry quickly became profitable and was carried on for more than half a century, until the cheapness of the product shipped in from Michigan and New York State put an end to the business. George James, who came to Salineville from Kentucky is said to have bored the first salt well in Columbiana County in 1809. He obtained a strong pressure of water with but little salt, though he drilled two wells, the first 300 feet (from which there was a strong flow of gas), and the second 900 feet. James Sharp sank three wells at about the same time. Several persons put down wells, but failed to find salt in sufficient quantities. In 1818 John Farmer, who had come to Salineville from New Garden, Hanover Township, bought three abandoned wells that had been put down by three brothers named Burson, and went into the salt business on a large scale. Farmer caught the business at its high tide, and, having considerable capital to invest, made money. The industry reached its height in the vicinity of Salineville about 1835, at which time there were 20 producing wells along Little Yellow Creek. At that time Farmer's output was more than 50 barrels a week, and he had meantime been joined by his son, James Farmer, later prominent in the development of the coal interests around Salineville, and in the building of the Cleveland & Pittsburgh Railroad. Farmer continued the business until 1853, when he sold it to Isaac Kirk, who operated the wells with more or less success until 1865, when the business ceased to be profitable about Salineville. HISTORY OF COLUMBIANA COUNTY - 101 The business had decreased rapidly after 1835, however, the State reports for 1841 showing but eight salt wells in operation in the county, with a production of 2,800 barrels of salt yearly. Notwithstanding this apparent decline of the industry, a company formed in 1866, composed of about 30 men, most of them from New Lisbon, abandoned a search for oil in that year and turned their attention to the manufacture of salt. The company had been organized to test the rumored oil deposits along the middle fork of Little Beaver Creek, a short distance northwest of New Lisbon. At about 687 feet depth salt water was struck, and simultaneously a strong vein of gas. The gas and salt water shot up 100 feet above the surface, the gushing process continuing for several days. The search for oil was abandoned, and the manufacture of salt was continued for many years successfully. While the well continued to flow, for about two years, the yield of salt was 15 barrels a day. Then for several years the gas was used for fuel under the boiler, and by the pumping process the yield of salt was increased to 30 barrels a day. The company dissolved in a few years, but R. G. Eells continued to operate the plant with good success until almost 1880, that being the last production of salt in Columbiana County. Peter Young was president of the company; John A. Myers, secretary and Baltzer Brown, James Starr, R. G. Eells and J. A. Morron among the stockholders. Several salt wells were bored during the 40's and 50's between East Liverpool and Wellsville, but the industry never proved successful. In 1880 the county was accredited with nine producing wells, and the production was given at 43,800 bushels. In the following year, 1881, only one well was in operation. Wayne Township, five miles square, has twenty-five sections and adjoins Centre Township. Through it flows the west fork of Beaver Creek and is much cut up by the numerous streams flowing into it. The surface is rough. Originally of 36 sections it lost five to Washington and six to Franklin townships when Carroll County was organized. It was organized in 1806. The township was settled in 1802 when Adam Poe, father of the fighting Poe brothers, Aaron Hull, James Hoge, Patrick McKaig, the Sheehans, Armstrongs and Hutchinsons arrived in it. Aaron Hull is believed to have arrived in the locality a few months ahead of the others. William Crafton is said to have owned the first grain cradle in the 102 - HISTORY OF COLUMBIANA COUNTY township and John McLeest the initial cart and wagon 'within its confines. John T. Parker was the first justice of the peace within its borders with Patrick McKaig and Thomas Roseburg following. Prior to the rural free delivery Gavers and West Beaver were post-office points. Jean Meister and Gottlob Northdurft, two early French settlers, enjoyed the distinction of having served in European wars under Napoleon Bonaparte. Daniel Lindesmith was greatly noted as a hunter and expert rifle shot. The Bethel Presbyterian Church was in existence in 1818 under the ministry of Rev. Mr. Robertson. In 1823 it was formally organized. Lebanon U. P. Church was formed in 1831 with the Rev. James Brown as the first pastor. Robert Fleming was the first postmaster at Gavers and William Phillips at West Beaver. West Township, possessing a rolling and hilly surface, is drained by the Mahoning River on the north and the Big Sandy on the south and the tributaries of the Tuscarawas on the south and west. It had 36 sections and was organized in 1816. Michael Sanor, a soldier who served under Washington in the Revolution, was the first settler in 1804. He had eleven children and John Ruff closely followed him with thirteen. Other early settlers included Henry King, David Smith, John Hahn, and Isaac Davis. The families of William Harrison, John Freed and John Hahn, Jr., came to Section 13 in 1807. The oldest hamlet in the township is New Alexander. It was platted in 1812 by about 20 acres of land owned by David Smith. It was on the old stage line for years. John Ritz operated a hotel in 1818 in the place which he called the Black Bear. Chamberburg was laid out on Dec. 20, 1828. The proprietors were David Myers, George Ball, and William McMillan. It, too, was on the old stage line, three miles west of New Alexander. Until it was destroyed by fire in 1830 Samuel Miller kept a hotel in the place. J. D. Koffel then built and maintained a hotel in the hamlet. East Rochester was platted in December of 1834 by J. G. Williard, under the proprietorship of Thomas Emmons and Isaac Davis. Previously on the site a postoffice known as Emmons Corners had been maintained. Additions to the place were made by George Sloan in 1854 and 1862. HISTORY OF COLUMBIANA COUNTY - 103 The town became a depot point of importance with the building of the Cleveland & Pittsburg Railway through the village in 1852. Joseph Coulson, postmaster, became the first station agent. The town has steadily progressed with the years. In 1925 Ralph W. Emmons, a descendant of the original owner, became state representative to the Ohio Legislature from Columbiana County and as such made possible the installation of the municipal court in East Liverpool. Lynchburg was laid out on Dec. 4, 1834, the original landowners being Eli Wickersham and Amos Preston. An addition was added the same year by Amos Preston, William Hall and Phillip Wickersham. It was named after Lynchburg, Va. It was platted by reason of the building of the Big Sandy and Beaver Canal and did not thrive longer than that venture. Moultrie was platted on Feb. 7, 1853. The survey was made by J. G. Williare. John Foulks owned the land. Hon. Daniel W. Crist, music publisher, caused a great business in its postoffice for a number of years. Bayard was laid out in April, 1852, under the direction of James Farmer and Cyrus Prentiss, owners of the land. It became the junction point of the Cleveland and Pittsburg division and the Tuscarawas branch of the Pennsylvania Lines. Religious activity began as early as 1810 when worship was had in log structures. The Society of the Friends and Plains Disciples Church blazed the trail and were followed by the Presbyterians, Methodists and Lutherans. The Mennonites flourished for a period after 1840. About the same time Bible Christians had a society in the township. Later they changed their name to "Christians." In 1870 they built a church at New Alexander. In turn the various churches have grown with the neighborhoods. The schools have also kept pace with other developments. Saw and grist mills were early industries. Farming has been continuously good throughout the township. Yellow Creek Township joins Liverpool on the Ohio River, is of irregular shape and contains 23 sections. Because the Big and Little Yellow creeks cross its borders it was given the same name. Coal, stone and fire clay abound. The township was formed in 1805. Part of it was given to Jefferson County when Carroll County was formed. The territory comprising it was originally owned by a surveyor named Robert Johnson as a liquida- 104 - HISTORY OF COLUMBIANA COUNTY tion of a debt owed him by the United States Government. He sold 350 acres to James Clark of Pennsylvania who transferred the major part of his purchase to his son-in-law, William Wells, who located on it in 1797 or 1798. Mr. Clark later removed to the remainder of his land prior to 1800 and became a member of the Ohio Legislature in 1809 and lived on his farm until he was 104 years of age. Part of the "Scotch Settlement" is in Yellow Creek Township. Wellsville is the chief place in the township. Perry Township, composed of sixteen sections. is the center one in the northern tier. Its surface is gently rolling. It has few and small streams. It was named for Commodore Oliver Hazard Perry, hero of the Battle of Lake Erie. In 1806 Samuel Davis, of Pennsylvania, settled in what is now Salem. He cleared up a fine farm and devoted a portion of it to the Society of Friends, he being an ardent devotee of temperance. The township was organized in 1832. Its history is practically that of Salem, which was an incorporated village before the township had been erected. Liverpool Township borders the Ohio River just across from West Virginia. Its history is virtually that of East Liverpool. CHAPTER V. LISBON. COUNTY SEAT-LOCATION-FIRST SETTLER-FIRST LOG COURT HOUSE AND JAIL-POWDER MILL-EARLY SETTLERS-OFFICERS-FIRST TANNERY-PIONEER MERCHANTS-MANUFACTURERS-FIRST SCHOOL-FIRST POSTOFFICE- NEWSPAPERS- BAND-CHURCHES-SANDY AND BEAVER CANAL-PANIC OF 1837- REVIVAL OE INDUSTRIES-RAILWAY CONSTRUCTION-NEW LISBON CHANGED TO LISBON-NOTABLE MEN. Lisbon, the county seat of Columbiana County, is located in Center Township, ten miles south of Salem, eighteen miles north of East Liverpool and sixteen miles north of Wellsville. It lies in a beautiful valley, surrounded by partially wooded hills and is drained by the middle fork of Beaver Creek. The town was originally settled by Lewis Kinney early in the nineteenth century. He built a cabin where the Arter tannery was afterwards erected and proceeded to found the village which he named New Lisbon on Feb. 16, 1803. In the fall of that year he donated lots for county buildings, erected a log court house and jail for which he received the sum of $150. In 1805 he sold the plot on which he had first settled to John Arter. The latter became major of the First Battalion of Columbiana County Militia, which was first mustered in 1806, and served in the State Senate from 1808 to 1813. He later removed to Missouri. The log court house was used until 1816 when a brick edifice replaced it. In 1871 the present brick and stone structure was built and used for some time before the second one utilized was razed. In 1808 William Slater, who lived east of New Lisbon and operated a powder mill, purchased a part of the Kinney tract and proceeded to - 105 - 106 - HISTORY OF COLUMBIANA COUNTY lay out an addition of out-lots on the west of the town's original plat. Thus its growth was slow, but steady. In 1809 the place contained more than 60 houses, a number being of brick and stone. The population consisted of thrifty, law-abiding citizens who emanated from Virginia, Maryland and Pennsylvania. Among the early settlers were General Rezin Beall, William and Daniel Harbaugh, John Arter, Jacob Shawke, Dr. Horace Potter, Fisher A. Blockson, Jacob Hostetter, John Watson, the Smalls, Thompsons, Indleys, Springers, Holland Green, George Crowl, Martin Helman, Rev. Clement Vallandingham, the Richardsons, Briggses and others whose descendants are or have been residents of the city. General Reasin Beall became recorder or clerk and treasurer on July 26, 1803 and clerk of courts in 1810. He commanded the Second Brigade of the Ohio Militia. In 1815 he removed to Wooster, Ohio, where he represented the district in the 13th Congress of the United States. Daniel Harbaugh established the first tannery in the village in 1804 with John Arter buying the same in 1805 ; Jacob Shawke was the first village blacksmith within its confines ; Dr. Horace Patter qualified as the initial physician in the new town and Fisher A. Blocksom was the original lawyer to practice in it. He came to Lisbon on horseback through the forest, served for several years as prosecuting attorney, was representative to the General Assembly from 1826 to 1828 inclusive and again from 1831 to 1833. He was State Senator from 1847 to 1851 and practiced his profession until 1852. He remained a resident of the town until Dec. 14, 1876 when he passed away at more than ninety-five years of age. Jacob Hostetter, of Switzerland, engaged first in clock and watch making in 1805. David Hostetter the following year opened the first tavern in the town. John Small, in 1806, was the first gun-maker. The first county sheriff was Jacob Watson, Jr., son of Jacob Watson, Sr. Michael Stock pioneered in wagon making and Rev. Clement Vallandingham became the first minister in the corporate limits, he settling in the town immediately after his marriage in May of 1807 and being ordained and installed as pastor of the Presbyterian Church on June 24 of that year which position he held until his demise on October 21, 1839. In 1808 William D. Lepper settled in the town and established the first newspaper in the county, The Ohio Patriot. Gideon Hughes, arriving the same year, erected an iron furnace, northwest of the town which HISTORY OF COLUMBIANA COUNTY - 107 was the first in the state and pioneered an industry which has given employment to thousands and caused an investment of millions of dollars. The ruins of this plant are still visible. In 1810 William Clapsaddle became the town's first tinner which ultimately paved the way for the mammoth tin mill later operated in the community. The first dry goods merchants in the town were Joseph Stibbs, David Graham and Thomas Cox, who transacted business at near what is now the corner of Washington and Jefferson streets. In early days Indians blockaded the section near these early store houses. Other early merchants were Martin and William Helman, George Endley, Holland Green, Benjamin Hanna, John Briggs, Joseph Richardson and others. The town being on the state road running west and those leading to Salem, Steubenville, East Liverpool and Canfield to the north and south, it became an important busy center during the old wagoning days. The town's first school house was of logs with clapboard roof and erected on the North Market Street hill, then a beautiful grove of white-oak saplings. David Wilson was the first teacher. He died of fever in 1808. Reuben P. McNamee succeeded him. He later became County Commissioner. Rev. Thomas Rigdon, a Baptist preacher, and later county representative, also taught the school which later was supplanted by a hewed-log school building. In this structure John Whitacre, DeLorma Brooks, Thomas Morrel and David McKinley, grandfather of President McKinley also taught. Robert Whitacre and John G. Williard, both later county officials, were numbered among the teachers. The last teacher in the old building was David Anderson who for 37 years served Lisbon residents as an instructor of their youths. In September, 1840, the hewed-log room was abandoned and a building on West Walnut Street rented for school purposes. Among other eminent teachers and superintendents of the Lisbon schools were: William Travis, Reuben McMillan, Henry C. McCook, T. M. T. McCoy, I. P. Hole and R. W. Taylor. In 1814 John Weistling, a German, established the first drug store in the town ; the first grocery establishment was conducted by George Graham at an early date. The first bank was the Columbiana bank, its directors being elected on March 7, 1814. Martin Holman was appointed president ; Elderkin Potter, cashier and Fisher A. Blocksom, attorney. 108 - HISTORY OF COLUMBIANA COUNTY The New Lisbon postoffice was established in 1809 with William Harbaugh as postmaster. He maintained it in his saddler shop. He was succeeded by his partner, Capt. Thomas Rowland, who gave way in 1812, when he joined the army, to Fisher A. Blocksom. George Endley became postmaster in 1815 and was followed by David Begges. Published first in 1808 as a German newspaper by William D. Lepper, a native of Hanover, Germany, The Ohio Patriot appeared as an English periodical in 1809. Mr. Lepper continued its issue until 1833. But a four-column sheet at the outset it was increased to five by the time it was sold to Joseph Cabell, who further enlarged it. Messers Hertzell and Gregg owned and issued it from 1835 to 1839. Then it was purchased by William D. Morgan, who was its editor and publisher until 1852 when William H. Gill attained it and added to its size. Matthew Johnson became the owner in 1857 and was succeeded the following year by Thomas S. Woods, who conducted it until his death in 1867 when his brother, Robert G. Woods continued its publication until his own passing in 1873. For a year or two George H. Vallandingham and others had it in charge when it became the property of William S. Potts. In later years it was published by Paul Crawford and others. On or about Sept. 1, 1923 the plant was sold to a stock company of Columbiana County citizens and the paper made over into a daily with James White, of Pittsburg, Pa., but originally of East Liverpool, as editor and manager. The departure was unsuccessful, however, and the paper, one of the oldest in Ohio, was discontinued in the summer of 1924. By 1926 Lisbon had but two papers : The semi-weekly Buckeye State with D. H. Frew as editor and general manager and the Evening Journal which for several years was published as a daily under the same management. The New Lisbon Gazette was Lisbon's second paper. It was first issued in 1826 by Robert Fee. It existed but six months. The Columbiana County American and New Lisbon Free Press was the third paper brought out in the county seat. Its initial issue was in June, 1827. It was owned by William Campbell. In 1827 Daniel Harbaugh became the owner with John Watt as editor. The paper's name was changed to The Western Palladium. In 1835 Nathaniel Mitchell purchased the paper. In 1839 G. W. Harper and S. Corbett became its owners. In 1842 they disposed of it to Joseph Wilkinson who issued it until 1854 when it was absorbed by The Buckeye State. HISTORY OF COLUMBIANA COUNTY - 109 In 1848 The Ocean Wave, a temperance paper, was published for six months by H. C. Trunick. In March, 1832, The Aurora an anti-slavery and temperance paper, was presented by John Frost, but it was discontinued in 1856. In 1852 a young lawyer, R. D. Hartshorn, began the publication of The Buckeye State. Two years later he purchased The Western Palladium and merged it with The Buckeye State. He sold it in 1856 to Robert C. Wilson. After his death in 1863 his son, James Wilson, carried on until he also died in 1866. G. I. Young then became the owner until his passing while a member of the State Legislature in 1871. His widow was the publisher for the ensuing few years when she disposed of it to Ed. F. Moore and P. C. Young. The former took over the latter's interests in 1875 and continued its publication until The Buckeye Publishing Company purchased it in 1901. In 1865 J. D. Briggs founded The Merchants' Journal, but it soon suspended. James K. Frew launched the New Lisbon Journal in April, 1867, and successfully conducted for many years.. He was finally succeeded by his son, D. Howard Frew, who afterwards sold it to Messers. Hinchliffe and Moffatt. Moffatt soon purchased Hinchcliffe's interest and in turn sold back to D. H. Frew. The Journal was finally consolidated with The Buckeye State. In 1898 The Republican Leader was discontinued by George Redway, who purchased it from John Kirk and others who established it in 1892. Edmund Hays operated the town's first grist mill. It was destroyed by fire in 1845 while owned by Daniel Harbaugh. The town had a band in 1813 which was composed of the following musicians: William Hellman and John Clapsaddle, violinists ; John Crafts, flutist while William D. Lepper played the piccola and Dr. John D. Gloss the triangle. The second band was formed in 1832 with Joseph Way, clarinet and leader ; David Schultz, C. F. Helman, A. J. Begges, William Collier, John Beaumont and Hiram Medill, clarinets ; Ed. F. Lepper and Frank Richardson, bugles ; Robert Hanna, Jacob Ewing, Adam Endley and Edward Collier, flutes ; James McElroy and J. Casper, bassoons ; William A. Hoover and Matthias Nace, violins ; Thomas Small and Thomas Beaumont, French horns ; William Trill, trombone ; Samuel J. Hoover, ophicleide and Patrick Murphy, bass lrum. 110 - HISTORY OF COLUMBIANA COUNTY The first elephant that was ever seen in the town arrived during 1820. The early settlers were principally Presbyterians and German Lutherans. In the former faith the first baptism was noted, that of James, son of Davidson and Agnes Filson. The first Presbyterian Church was erected in 1814, just west of the present jail. In 1841 a new edifice was erected on the site of the present church which was built as the result of a fire damaging the second structure. Not until 1833 did the German Lutherans erect a house of worship. Before that they attended worship in the old courthouse. Then a brick structure was erected on Washington Street. After three years of worship in various homes the Society of Friends built a small meeting house on Jefferson Street. They became inactive years ago, however. In 1812 the Cavanistic Baptist Church was formed and a frame meeting house was built at High and Jefferson streets in 1815. The Baptist Society ceased to exist in 1827 and the members merged with the Deciples. Another church was built by the latter in 1841. The Methodist Episcopal Church was organized in Lisbon in 1822 it was recognized by the Beaver circuit three years previously. The place of meeting was a small frame house west of the Arter's tannery. In 1826 a brick building was erected on the hill east of Market Street which was replaced by a building on the southwest corner of the square. Then was erected in later years the present church building used by the denomination. In an old log house five United Presbyterians worshipped in 1829. On April 28, 1839 the brick Methodist Church on High Street was purchased by the organization. On Jan. 1, 1860 the Walnut Street Church was built. The congregation has steadily grown with the years and been a strong factor in the religious life of the city. The Methodist Protestant Church began activities in the village in 1831. A Chestnut street house was first used. The White Church on the square was built in 1837, but in 1848 the organization became extinct as did the Wesleyan Methodists in 1842 after a brief period of activity. Though services were held intermittently from 1847 on, no organization was affected by the Protestant Episcopal Church until 1863. The meetings were first held in the German Church and then in the courthouse until 1876. Then a neat chapel was erected on Walnut Street. HISTORY OF COLUMBIANA COUNTY - 111 The Roman Catholics erected a building for worship on West Chestnut Street though there were a few members of the denomination in the city for a long time previously. Among the noted divines who have preached in New Lisbon was the eminent but eccentric Lorenzo Dow, who, in 1817, held forth eloquently to vast audiences in a beautiful grove of sugar trees at the foot of Market Street. Religious life in Lisbon has steadily developed in later years until its churches, members and ministers in all denominations have a firm and compelling stand as outstanding and useful parts of the various denominations in which they are numbered. The Sandy and Beaven Canal Company was incorporated on Jan. 11, 1826 and amended on March 9, 1830. Work on the project which was to have connected the mouth of Little Beaver, on the Ohio River with Bolivar on the Ohio canal, thus making a connection with Portsmouth and intervening points on the south and Cleveland and intermediate sections on the north was begun on Nov. 24, 1834 when Attorney Elderkin Potter turned over with his own hands the initial earth and later delivered an address in which he pictured the potentialities of the departure of the waterway of sixty miles that would link points 45 miles apart on a straight line. The panic of 1837 caused a cessation of the labor thus initiated and the completion was not reached until 1846, twenty years after the incorporation was made. On Oct. 24 of that year the first boat was run over it and reached New Lisbon under the command of Captain Dunn. Great rejoicing followed. Its early failure was a disastrous blow to the town, particularly since it had refused connection with the later C. & P. railway which, after touching Wellsville, was afterwards continued through East Liverpool to Pittsburg. Retarded progress and lethargy marked the town until after the Civil War when the Niles and New Lisbon railway was constructed. It was opened in 1866. Then began the operation of factories in which the native clays were utilized. A cement plant was built, extensive stone quarry operations begun and the opening of many small coal mines started. Later was built the Pittsburg, Marion and Chicago, afterwards known as the Pittsburg, Lisbon and Western railroad which became a part of the Wabash system. It stimulated industrial activities in all 112 - HISTORY OF COLUMBIANA COUNTY lines and the town grew and prospered. In 1894 a bonus of $.50,000 was raised among the citizens which brought to the community a large tin mill. Then followed the erection of a pottery, the Thomas Knob Works, manufacturers of porcelain, and gradually the town took on with constant business additions its present commercial dimensions. On Jan. 17, 1895 the citizens agreed to file an application with the Common Pleas court for a change in the name of the city to Lisbon which was done, the prefix "New" being dropped after a century's use. Lisbon has turned out more than its share of men who have become prominent nationally for their capabilities in various lines. Though his parents lived in the town President William McKinley was born just without the county in Niles, Ohio. Opposite the grandstand of the old baseball park on East Walnut Street was the home of his mother. Nancy Allison. It was built of logs in 1808, but later was covered with weather boarding. The home of his parents and the iron furnace which his father operated were situated on the Little Beaver Creek and along the Sandy and Beaver Canal. Marcus Alonzo Hanna was born in New Lisbon on Sept. 24, 1837. He attended its public schools until the age of 15 when he accompanied his father, Dr. Leonard Hanna to Cleveland where he soon began the industrial and political activity that made his name a household word throughout the country until his passing away in 1904. Justice John H. Clark, who succeeded Charles Evans Hughes on the Supreme Court bench when the latter was nominated for the presidency in 1916 was born in New Lisbon in 1857 and with the late C. S. Speaker, who also made a notable record -as lawyer within the county, shared the distinction of being bachelors. Justice Clark, though he has resigned from the bench, is still active in his labors for world peace in the interest of which he recently began a tour around the world. Judge Robert W. Taylor, though he was born in Youngstown, lived the greater portion of his life in Lisbon. As a resident he was for years representative of his district in Congress, making a record there that was in keeping with the high standard which his eminent predecessor had made before becoming governor of Ohio and president of the United States. During the Civil War the name of Clement Laird Vallandingham was known throughout the north and the south. In the former it was exe- HISTORY OF COLUMBIANA COUNTY - 113 crated as that of a traitor and in the latter extolled as a friend of constitutional liberty as represented in the doctrine of states' rights. He was born in New Lisbon, July 29, 1820. He had been educated in Jefferson College, Canonsburg, Pa., and, in 1845, was the youngest member of the Ohio legislature, a boy of 25. He easily became the Democratic leader of the body. In 1847 he removed to Dayton and became part owner and editor of the Western Empire while also practising law he served from 1858 to 1863 in Congress. He returned to Ohio and following bold utterances against the actions of the government was deported to the south. He later found safety in Canada from where he consented, in the fall of 1863 to run for governor of Ohio against John Brough who defeated him decisively. The war over he returned to the practice of law and was accidently, but fatally, wounded in the court room at Lebanon, Ohio, in 1871 as he was demonstrating during a trial the use of the gun that had been used in the murder that was being considered. No less prominent than his son was Mr. Vallandingham's father, the Rev. Clement Vallandingham, who settled in New Lisbon in 1808. He immediately took charge of the Presbyterian activities in the town and vicinity. For years he and the Rev. Mr. Hughes had charge of the church at Calcutta also. The former was said to be a minister for saints and the latter for the sinners. Later, Rev. Vallandingham founded the Presbyterian Church in Salem. He was ever given to punctuality in his labors and frequently swam his horse through streams in order to make his appointments on time. Gen. Anson G. McCook, member of the The Fighting McCooks who later removed to New York City, sereved several years in Congress as a representative from one of its districts and was also for a time secretary of the United States Senate. The McCook family were on intimate terms with Secretary of War, Edwin Stanton, of Steubenville. Another of the Dr. John McCook branch of this notable family was Maj.-Gen. Edward Moody McCook. He was born in New Lisbon on June 15, 1833. He went to the Pike's Peak region to practice law, was in the Kansas legislature before the division of the territory. He resigned from the army to become minister from the United States to the Sandwich Islands. He was subsequently twice appointed governor of Colorado territory by President Grant. (S)V1 114 - HISTORY OF COLUMBIANA COUNTY Another son, Rev. Henry C. McCook was born in New Lisbon on July 3, 1837, became a private soldier and chaplain, but finally returned to his church in Clinton, Ill. He subsequently became a great naturalist, being an authority on ants and spiders which gave him European standing and acclaim. He was also the author of "The Latimers," a book based on pioneer life in Western Pennsylvania during the period of "The Whiskey Rebellion." Commander Roderick Sheldon McCook, U. S. N., was born in New Lisbon, March 10, 1839. He graduated from the Naval Academy in Annapolis in 1859. He brought home a prize slaver that had been captured and performed meritorious service during the Civil War. John James McCook, born in New Lisbon on February 4, 1843, served as a lieutenant in the First Virginia Regiment during the Civil War. Though educated as a physician he became an Episcopal minister and as such was long professor of modern languages in Trinity College of Hartford, Conn. Of the Major Daniel McCook branch of this illustrious family he himself did yeoman service in enlisting men for the Civil War and subsequently lost his life in the Battle of Buffington Island when an attempt was made to stop the rebel raider, Gen. John Morgan. Of his several sons, Gen. Robert Latimer McCook was born in New Lisbon, Dec. 28, 1827. After a notable service he was slain by guerillas while he was in a hospital van suffering from a wound. His assassination aroused the North greatly. Maj.-Gen. Alex Dowell McCook was born on a farm near New Lisbon, April 22, 1831. He commanded the Twentieth Army Corps and the right wing of the Army of the Cumberland. He later served in the regular army and was stationed at Denver, Col. Other members of this family were born in Carrollton, Ohio. Major J. H. Wallace, a notable lawyer of the city, was declared the winner over Major William McKinley for Congress in 1882. The Garret-son family were also leading residents of the city. Hiram Garretson, following his removal to Cleveland, became the American representative to the Vienna Exposition when he accompanied the crowned heads of Europe in a special inspection thereof. The London Times, in describing this pageant declared that "The American Commissioner was the most kingly looking man in the procession." His son, Gen. George Garretson, HISTORY OF COLUMBIANA COUNTY - 115 served with distinction in the Spanish-American War and had a fine record as a business man. John J. Morgan, who practised law in Lisbon for a period following 1840, later represented this country in Brazil after nine years of legal activity in the town, 1830 to 1839, E. T. Merrick removed to Louisiana where he served with distinction on the supreme court bench of that state. Andrew W. Loomis practiced law in the town from 1825 for several years when he removed to Pittsburg and became one of the Smoky City's leading lawyers. As such he was chosen to deliver the oration on the one hundredth anniversary of Braddock's defeat on Nov. 25, 1858. Previous to his removal he served the district in Congress. Charles D. Coffin filled the unexpired term of Loomis when the latter resigned. He subsequently removed to Cincinnati where he was elevated to the bench. In the pioneer days, George Graham located in New Lisbon in 1807, he coming from New York. One of his sons was prominently connected in later years with the American Bible Society. In the third generation, William T. Graham became head of the American Tin Plate Company and Rev. Joseph P. Graham, a missionary to India. Lisbon's population in 1920 was 3,113. CHAPTER VI. SALEM. (By Ralph W. Hawley.) FOUNDED IN 1800—A C1TY OF HOME OWNERS—A FAVORABLE LOCATION—FIRST SETTLERS—VILLAGE LAID OUT IN 1807—FRIENDS MEETING HOUSE—FIRST HOUSES—TOWN INCORPORATED—ANTI-SLAVERY SOCIETY—ANTI-SLAVERY MOVEMENT—EDWIN COPPOCK—FRIENDS CHURCH—PRESBYTERIANS— BAPTISTS—EPISCOPALIANS—CHRISTIANS—CATHOLICS — EVANGELICAL CH U. RC H—CHURCH OF CHRIST, SCIENTIST—A. M. E. ZION—ENGLISH LUTHERAN. Founded 125 years ago, and laid out as a village 120 years ago, Salem has builded well, and through her conservative career has kept pace with the progress of time until in 1926 she can look back over a long line of achievements without apology. Second only to East Liverpool as Columbiana County's largest city, Salem with its 12,000 population has grown steadily as a city of diversified industries, knowing no boom times and no periods of serious deflation. A city of home-owners, its beautifully-shaded streets and well-kept lawns bespeaking its civic pride stand as an enduring monument to the peace-loving Quakers or Friends who were its early settlers and whose influence predominated for so many years and even today is still a potent factor in this thriving little city. Situated in Perry Township, the northern-most township in the county and bordering on Mahoning County, Salem is an industrial center and likewise a market for the rich agricultural lands which surround it, mid-way between Cleveland and Pittsburg. It is on the east and west and north and south state market routes and likewise the national highway extending from east to west. Having in the early days been an important stage-coach station, it finds itself today not only the terminus of two interurban electric lines—the Youngstown & Ohio River Railway - 116 - HISTORY OF COLUMBIANA COUNTY - 117 Co. and the Stark Electric Railway Co.—as well as an important station on the Ft. Wayne division of the Pennsylvania railroad, with connections to the Erie railroad, but also a busy center of motor bus traffic on several interurban lines, extending east and west and north and south. The first settler of whom there is any record was Elisha Schooley, who came from Virginia in 1801 and settled on section 32, which later became the southwest corner of the village of Salem, Jacob Painter, also of Virginia, came in 1802 and in 1803 Samuel Smith, Samuel Davis, Jonas Cattell, Elisha Hunt and John Webb located here. Levi Jennings, Abram Warrington, Job Cook, John Strawn, Zadok Street, Joel Sharp, Michael Stratton, Jonathan Stanley, Jonathan Evans, Isreal Gaskill, Thomas Stanley and James Tolerton, some of these men accompanied by their families, arrived within the next four or five years. In about 1806 Zadok Street's son, John, bought an acre of land from John Strawn, at what is now the corner of Roosevelt Avenue and Depot Street, and upon this plot he built a log dwelling and storeroom and opened, according to George D. Hunt, historian of earlier years, the first store in the village. The first settlers brought with them the social and domestic customs of their native places. From Pennsylvania came the Barbers, Blackburns, Boones, Burns, Cattells, Cooks, Davises, Englands, Evans, Heacocks, Hunts. Jennings, Straughans (Strawns) Thomases and many others, more than from any other state. From New Jersey came the Balls, Frenches, Streets, Gaskills, Hilliards, Tests and Warringtons. From Virginia came the Fawcetts, Holloways, Painters, Stranleys, Schooleys and the Wrights. From Maryland came the Bentleys, Silvers, Webbs and Zimmermans. After the settlement was started others came from other states and some from foreign lands—England, Scotland and Ireland. These hardy pioneers found a vast wilderness, inhabited by Indians and plenty of wild animals. There were lots of deer, wild turkeys, bears, wolves, etc. The Indians were good to them, and there ever were peaceful relations between the settlers and the Red Men. The village of Salem was laid out in 1806, the original plat being recorded on May 6 of that year. The plat was made and the first town lots sold by John Straughan and Zadok Street. The village was named after Salem, New Jersey, from which place the Street family had migrated. Other plats were made soon after, lots sold readily and houses were built in, for those early days, quick succession. 118 - HISTORY OF COLUMBIANA COUNTY In 1807 the first Friends meeting house was built. It was a log structure. But in 1808 Samuel Davis donated two acres on the north side of Main Street and Israel Gaskill the same amount on the south side, for sites for a meeting house and a graveyard. In 1808 and '09 a new Friends meeting house was built on the allotment on the south side of Main Street. Mack's History says of Salem in 1809: "Coming from the south the first house was Israel Gaskill's, situated where Zadok Street's now stands on Lisbon Street (now Lincoln Avenue). The log cabin of Samuel Davis could be seen to the northwest. Turning into Main Street the first building was Price Blake's log cabin, used as an inn. Adjoining it was the Friends meeting house of brick further west lived Zadok Street in a log cabin in which he kept a store. Robert French lived on the north side of Main Street and James and Barzilli French lived northward about a mile. John Straughan's home was on the south side of Main Street. Johnathan Evans lived just east of Gaskill's." The town of Salem was incorporated by act of assembly, passed January 8, 1830. In 1842 it contained a population of 1,000. The town government then consisted of a president, a recorder and five trustees. John Campbell was the first president. Back in the 30's, 40's and 50's Salem was known as headquarters of the Western Anti-Slavery Society, and, what was not a matter of general publicity then, but sub rosa, a station on the "underground railroad." The Anti-Slavery Bugle, published here for many years, was, during its existence, known as the organ of the society. The walls of the old Town Hall—which is still standing on Main Street and serving its purpose as it has done for more than 75 years as the municipal building—have many times resounded to the voices of such advocates of universal freedom as William Lloyd Garrison, Wendell Phillips, Fred Douglass, Cassius M. Clay, Abby Kelly, Parker Pillsbury, John Pierpont, and many lesser lights which shone during the troublous times prior to the Civil War of 1861-65. The old Hicksite Friends Church, which still stands at the corner of Ellsworth Avenue and Green Street, and "Liberty Hall," also on Ellsworth Avenue, near the old church, which was years ago remodeled and partially rebuilt for a residence, also were rendered historic by their having furnished meeting places for the anti-slavery agitators of those days, HISTORY OF COLUMBIANA COUNTY - 119 or "Abolitionists" as they were more commonly called. The remodeled "Liberty Hall" was for many years the residence of the late Dr. J. M. Hole, in his day a prominent anti-slavery worker. The dust of Edwin Coppock, one of the famous John Brown raiders, who had been a resident of the vicinity of Salem, and who came of Quaker stock, rests in Hope Cemetery, and helps to render that old, but now improved and handsome burying ground, historic. The rescue from a life of bondage, and escape usually across the border to Canada, of many a fugitive slave, was aided and abetted by the townspeople of Salem during the days when the town was known as a station on the "underground railroad." Such incidents are remembered by some of Salem's older residents even yet. On one occasion, some time before the war, when the anti-slavery feeling was running high here and in other parts of the north, information came from a member of the anti-slavery society or a sympathizer in its work, then in a northern city, that a young slave girl was being taken through by her master and mistress on their way south, and that the train which bore the party would be due in Salem at a certain hour on that day. There was an Ohio law at that time prohibiting the carrying of slaves into bondage over Ohio railroads, but no such prohibition existed in Pennsylvania and some other states. Forthwith a force of about 30 men was raised in Salem and marched to the Ft. Wayne station to rescue the young slave. A detail was made from the company to board the train on its arrival, and another to uncouple the car containing the party and to stand guard outside. The train arriving on time, the squad of men designated for the duty, sprang aboard, and obtained possession of the girl without any resistance on the part of her reputed owners. The latter simply offered a formal protest. It was said, however, that a secret agent afterwards visited Salem and endeavored to obtain a clue to the "fugitive" but failed. She was kept in the family of Mr. and Mrs. Joel MacMillan, and in other Salem homes for a number of years. The girl, who was about 14 years old when rescued, was given the name of Abby Kelly Salem, and lived for many years in the city to which she owed her freedom, and whose name she bore. A carpenter shop, about 18 by 48 feet in size, was built by Samuel Reynolds, about the year 1840, the upper room of which was used as a general meeting place of the people of the town for the discussion of all 120 - HISTORY OF COLUMBIANA COUNTY manner of subjects. When the anti-slavery question came to be so warmly discussed in the churches that difficulties arose, and the churches and schoolhouses were closed to the defenders of "universal brotherhood," they went to the room over the carpenter shop. This building was christened "Liberty Hall" and was the cradle of the society which was evolved from that whirlpool of opinion caused by the counter currents of thought respecting the slavery question. For many years it was kept as a place for discussions and caucus meetings and within it a course of lectures was planned in which some of the best talent of the country was engaged. In June, 1845, the largest church in Salem was closed against Abby Kelly, the abolitionist lecturer. The trustees of the church gave as the reason for their refusal: "We think the principles of the lecturer are dangerous to our common country." A number of fugitives from the south, after obtaining their freedom through the interposition of Salem people, became lifelong residents of this place. The home of Joel S. Bonsall was one of many which were made a place for refuge and safety for slaves fleeing from bondage to the liberty which they deemed was their God-given right. They would be sheltered and hidden during the day, and then during the following night helped on to another place of refuge, or sub-station on the "underground." Joel MacMillan, James Bonaty, Charles Grisell, James Barnaby, Dr. Stanton, Dr. Carey, Dr. John Whinnery, Allen Boyle, William Silver, Benjamin Hawley and many others, most of them members of the Society of Friends, participated in this humane movement. One of the leading spirits in the anti-slavery movement in Salem—and he won a national reputation for his work in the cause was Marius R. Robinson. Having been a student at Oberlin College, and imbibed the spirit of abolitionism, he became a resident of Salem and was for a number of years editor of the Anti-Slavery Bugle. M. R. Robinson Council No. 350, Royal Arcanum, of Salem was organized in 1879. It was named for him. Oliver Johnson, also a well-known worker in the anti-slavery cause, who edited the Bugle, for several years while a resident of Salem, was also author of the book, "Garrison and His Times." Salem and its immediate vicinity furnished more than one person who proved himself willing to suffer martyrdom, if need be, to the cause of human freedom. Edwin and Barcley Coppock were born near Salem, HISTORY OF COLUMBIANA COUNTY - 121 of Quaker parentage, and early imbibed the doctrine of universal liberty. Edwin, the elder of the brothers, suffered the death penalty with John Brown, with whom he was taken as the arsenal in Harper's Ferry, on the charge of insurrection against the state of Virginia. Barclay, too, was one of the band of "Osawatomie," as he was called when they made their famous raid into the Old Dominion for the express purpose of freeing the slaves of the state. But he with some others escaped capture. Sometime after the execution of Edwin Coppock his body was brought to Salem and buried in Hope Cemetery. Joshua Coppock, uncle of the young man, brought the body home. The day after its arrival at Mr. Coppock's house, in Butler Township, there were over 2,000 visitors to the little farm house ; and such a funeral had never been seen in Columbiana County as was given to this young man who had fallen a victim in the defense of what he deemed a sacred principle. At the edge of one of the main drives in Hope Cemetery stands a plain sandstone shaft, about eight feet in height, bearing the simple inscription: "EDWIN COPPOCK." As the organ of the "Ohio American Anti-Slavery Society," afterwards the "Western Anti-Slavery Society," the Anti-Slavery Bugle was started in June, 1845, in New Lisbon, where the first half dozen numbers were printed, after which it was removed to Salem, and this was thenceforth its permanent home. It continued to be issued regularly until 1863, when, according to its announcement, the purpose for which it had been established, the emancipation of the slaves, having been accomplished, it suspended. The first regularly employed editor was Benjamin S. Jones, with J. Elizabeth Hitchcock—who later became Mrs. Benjamin S. Jones—as associate editor. Marius R. Robinson, as stated elsewhere, was also for many years its editor, and its publisher, or "publisher's agent" during almost the entire 18 years of its existence, was James Barnaby, the father of Mrs. Ida M. Cooper. The agents of the Anti-Slavery Bugle in Columbiana County and vicinity in 1850 were given as follows : David L. Galbreath and L. Johnson, Newgarden ; Lott Holmes, Columbiana ; David L. Barnes, Berlin ; Ruth Cope, Georgetown ; Simon Sheets, East Palestine ; A. G. Richardson, Achor ; Joseph Barnaby, Mont Union. For a number of years during the anti-slavery excitement in Salem, the women interested in the furtherance of the work—and the women 122 - HISTORY OF COLUMBIANA COUNTY were as actively interested in the work as the men—held at intervals fairs, usually in Town Hall, at which fancy and general household articles were displayed and offered for sale in booths, the proceeds being applied to helping fugitives along over the underground railroad, and for other expenses incident to the work of the Anti-Slavery Society. The efficient work of the women along these lines in those days was a very potent factor towards the success of the humane work in which so many of Salem's good people were employed. For 15 years or more after the first settlement of what was to be Salem and Perry Townships, the early settlers being chiefly members of the Society of Friends, there was no other form of public worship than theirs. The first Friends meeting house, a log building, was erected in 1807. A Quarterly Meeting then was formed and made a branch of the Baltimore Yearly Meeting. In 1808 the first brick meeting house was built. In 1828 the Society of Friends became divided into two factions. The "orthodox" party held the meeting house and property on Main Street. The "Hicksites," the other faction, held the less valuable property, with a small house on Green Street. In 1845 the large frame house on Ellsworth Avenue, which the Hicksite Friends used until about 1915, was built and in that year the yearly meeting was first held here. "In 1845," says Hunt's history of Salem, "another division occurred in the Society of Friends. Some years before, Joseph John Gurney, an English Friend, came over and went through most of the American meetings and preached in a manner that set the people thinking. Many believed that he preached the truth, and there were many who regarded him as getting away from the Friends standard. One John Wilbur, an American Friend, opposed him. This led to a division; and for a distinction the parties got the names of "Gurneyites" and "Wilburites." But they both ignore the names as applied to their respective party. By a compromise, during about 18 years, both parties held their meetings at different hours on Sabbath days, and mid-week meetings on different days, in the Dry St. house. Then the Wilbur Friends built a commodious meeting house on East Sixth Street in 1872. During many years the Friends had more influence in Salem than all the other denominations combined. During late years other denominations have increased in numbers and gained influence. The Friends diminished, and much of their former influence is gone from them. Lately the Gurney party have taken to them the name HISTORY OF COLUMBIANA COUNTY - 123 of the First Friends "Church." This body here has done much to sustain service and gain converts. "In this capacity Willis Hotchkiss, Joseph Peele, Edgar Ellyson and Fred J. Cope have labored with manifest results." In 1905 Mrs. Elizabeth Ward was pastor of the Dry Street Church, or as they are sometimes yet styled, the Gurney branch. Neither the Ellsworth Avenue (The Hicksite) nor the East Sixth St. (Wilbur) meetings ever had local pastors. The Wilburites still use their meeting house for quarterly meetings and occasionally other gatherings. Rev. C. E. Haworth is pastor of the First Friends Church. In 1821 a class of nine persons formed the Methodist Episcopal Church of Salem. They consisted of Thomas Kelly and wife, John Flit-craft, Edward Rynear and wife, Thomas Webb and wife, David Hum and James W. Leach. The services were held mostly at the house of Thomas Kelly, who was leader. In 1821 Samuel Brockonier of the Beaver circuit preached at Salem. The circuit afterward was changed to New Lisbon, then to Hanover, Lima and Salem respectively. In 1852 petition was made to the conference, Salem was made a separate station, with Rev. J. W. Nessley as first pastor. In 1823 they built their first log house of worship, which was succeeded by a larger one in 1837, which they used until 1859, when they disposed of this to the Disciples, and built a brick edifice on Broadway. About 18 years ago a new brick edifice was erected on the same site. Some of the early pastors were: Revs. Samuel Crouse, Aaron Thomas, J. A. Swaney, William Cox, Hiram Miller, and J. M. Bray. Since 1870 the pastors of the church have been: Revs. William Lynch, Thomas N. Boyle, John Grant, W. A. Davidson, J. C. Sullivan, J. M. Carr, J. Brown, Ezra Hingeley, G. A. Simon, W. H. Haskell, J. B. Youmans, C. B. Henthorn, H. W. Dewey, Morris Floyd, C. L. Smith, I. E. Miller, R. F. Mayer, C. H. Hauger and E. S. Collier. The Presbyterian Church of Salem was organized in 1832. Rev. Clement Valandingham and other members of the Presbytery of New Lisbon had preached in Salem at long intervals for a number of years previous. On November 3, 1832, Rev. Mr. Valandingham, by appointment of the Presbytery, presided at a meeting designated for organization. Twenty persons then were received on certificate as follows: Hugh Stewart, Ruel Wright, George Ehrich, N. McCracken, John Martin, James 124 - HISTORY OF COLUMBIANA COUNTY Wilson, Terah Jones, John Wilson, William Martin, Hugh Martin, Agnes Stewart, Agnes Wilson, Mary Ehrich, Elizabeth McCracken, Martha Martin, Rebecca. P. Campbell, Martha Wilson, Jane Martin, Elizabeth Wright. James Wilson, Nathaniel McCracken and Hugh Stewart were chosen elders. The society first worshipped in a wagon shop on Main Street. The first house of worship was built in 1842, which 18 years later, was sold, and removed to Race Street, where it was used for many years as a dwelling house. The first year after this house was built it was unplastered and plank and slab seats were used. In 1860-61 the house on East Green Street, still used by the congregation, was built at a cost of about $10,000. Rev. Clement Vallandingham was pastor until the year of his death, 1839. He was succeeded by Rev. William McCombs, who remained until 1852. Other pastors of the church in their order have been : Revs. J. S. Grimes, A. B. Maxwell, H. B. Fry, W. D. Sexton, DeCosta Pomerene, B. F. Boyle, W. F. McCauley, W. L. Swan, G. W. Whitenack and Percy H. Gordon, the latter being pastor in 1926. The beginning from which ensued the organization of a Baptist Church in Salem was the recording of a deed from John Straughan and his wife, Mary, dated Nov. 10, 1809, conveying lots 55 and 56 on the corner of what were afterwards Depot and Race streets, in Salem, for the sum of $14, to David Gaskill, Sr., John Willets, and Joseph White as trustees of the regular Baptist Church. As nearly as can be ascertained the early members were: David Gaskill, Sr. and wife, Jacob Gaskill, Mr. Ogle, Joseph Wright and wife, John Spencer and wife, Clarissa McConner and Mary Straughan. A small log church was built on the property. In 1820 a small brick house was built on the same lot. On Nov. 23, 1820, an organization was affected with 40 members, and Nov. 6th, 1824, a church constitution was adopted. Thomas Miller was the first regular pastor, and was succeeded by Revs. Jehu Brown, David Rigdon, Rogers, Freeman, Williams, Blake, Mathias, Suman, Phillips, Stone, Morris, Green, Justus, Ask, Thomas P. Childs, B. F. Bowen, T. J. Lamb, John Hawker, P. J. Ward, A. S. Moore, C. H. Pendleton, G. W. Rigler, R. C. Eccles, C. W. Fletcher, A. B. Whitney, Ross Matthews, Herman Lang, Leon Latimer, L. R. Williamson, Lee W. Ames, Charles L. Seasholes, H. L. Kempton and G. A. Beers. The Second Baptist Church of Salem was constituted Nov. 8, 1840, as HISTORY OF COLUMBIANA COUNTY - 125 a result of dissensions in First Church over the questions of slavery and temperance. The church disbanded in 1867, in order to unite with the members of the First Church in forming the "Baptist Church of Salem." Forty-two members from the First and 17 from the second joined in this reunion movement. In 1869 the large and well appointed edifice at the corner of Main Street and Lincoln Avenue was built at a cost of about $10,000. In 1900 the Bethany Baptist Church of Salem was organized by a faction of the membership, which had withdrawn from the regular Baptist Church. Services were held in the Gurney block for almost three years, when a frame building on Ohio Avenue was bought and transformed into a house of worship. Rev. James Lister was pastor. Later this branch was disbanded. The first Episcopal Church service held in Salem was on April 19, 1817, in a log school house, which stood on Main Street near the site of the City Hall. It was conducted by Rev. Philander Chase. Transient services were held at long intervals until 1859, when on March 14 of that year, the Church of Our Saviour was organized. A vestry was elected, consisting of Thomas Read, S. W. Whitney, S. D. Hawley, Allen Boyle, E. Smith, and Robert and E. Turner. Rev. Mr. Hollis was the first rector; his successors have been : Revs. H. H. Morrell, A. T. McMurphy, Ephraim Watt, C. L. Pinder, F. E. McManus, E. L. Wells, Guthrey Pitblado, O. A. Simpson, Frank Albus, L. C. Difford, F. S. Eastman and Christian A. Roth. A school building and then rooms in a business block were occupied by the congregation until 1889, when the handsome stone edifice on McKinley Avenue was completed. The Christian or Disciple. Church of Salem was organized March 15, 1859. Prior to that time occasional services were held here. The building which occupied a site in the rear of a church edifice afterwards built on Ellsworth Avenue and owned by the Methodist Episcopal congregation, was purchased from the Methodists and occupied until the new church was built and dedicated in 1881. The pastors since 1859 have been: Revs. Theobald Miller, Sterling McBride, S. B. Teegarden, J. W. Lampher, E. B. Cake, J. H. Jones, W. H. Spindler, H. Cogswell, T. J. Lyle, J. L. Darsie, J. A. Hopkins, T. E. Cramblett, M. J. Grable, R. C. Sargent, Walter B. Mansell, M. J. Grable, H. L. Miller. About 1855 a Catholic mission was established in Salem, and occasional services held until 1868, when Rev. E. W. J. Lindesmith, who then 126 - HISTORY OF COLUMBIANA COUNTY had charge of the churches of that denomination at Alliance and Leetonia, took pastoral charge here also. He held services once a month in the houses of the parishioners and four times a year in the town hall. This arrangement continued until 1880. Rev. C. Trieber became resident pastor that year and Nov. 28, 1886, the church on McKinley Avenue was dedicated. Father Trieber was succeeded by Fev. S. Finican and he by Revs. F. Senner, G. C. Schoeneman, Colon and John T. Moran, T. A. Hanrahan, A. J. Manning. In 1901 a parsonage was built adjoining the church and in 1904 a fine parochial school building, costing $12,000, adjoining the parsonage on the west. The first Evangelical Church in Salem was organized Jan. 6, 1878, with 40 members. Rev. William B. Roller was the first pastor. The organization held together for some years, but did not prove permanent. The Emanuel Evangelical Lutheran Church was organized in 1895, and in 1897 the church building on South Lundy Street was erected, and dedicated January 16, 1898. Rev. B. E. Rutzky in 1926 had been pastor for several years. Unity Church of Salem was organized in the autumn of 1900 by Charles E. St. John, secretary of the American Unitarian Association, and Rev. George N. Young of Massachusetts, who was pastor of the church for a short time. Rev. C. F. S. Duton became pastor of the church, February 1, 1902. The services were held in the Pioneer Block until the congregation disbanded a few years later. The Church of Christ (Scientist) of Salem was organized February 3, 1902. The first services of the society had been held July 1, 1899, at the home of Mrs. Ellen B. Meyerhoefer on Lincoln Ave. In October, 1899, rooms were secured in the Pioneer Block, later on Chestnut Street and about 1922 the society purchased a frame dwelling house at the corner of Garfield Avenue and East Green Street which was converted into a house of worship. Mrs. Ellen B. Meyerhoefer was the first reader. A small congregation of the Church of God denomination organized and erected a house of worship in 1888 on West Main Street near the city limits. For several years the congregation had services with an approach to regularity. Rev. Mr. Tomlinson was pastor until his death and in 1926 the church had no regular pastor but continued to hold services regularly. HISTORY OF COLUMBIANA COUNTY - 127 The A. M. E. Zion congregation, organized in the sixties and in 1870 built a comfortable house of worship at the corner of Howard and West High streets. In a few years a separation occurred and the Bethel A. M. E. Church was built farther east on High Street. Later, in about 1924, a Second Baptist Church (Colored) was organized, then the Colored M. E. Church. In 1925 this latter congregation purchased the Emanuel Lutheran Church building on South Lundy Street, the Lutherans moving to their parish house on Broadway until a new church edifice could be constructed. The Holy Trinity English Lutheran Church was organized in Salem about 1916 and later a frame dwelling house at the corner of McKinley and Woodland Avenues was purchased, Rev. J. P. Harman serving as pastor until 1924, when Rev. W. H. Baker succeeded him. CHAPTER VII. SALEM, CONTINUED. (By Ralph W. Hawley.) PIONEER SCHOOL—HIGH SCHOOL— CARNEGIE LIBRARY—FIRST BURYING GROUND —HOME FOR AGED WOMEN—FIRST PRINTING—NEWSPAPERS—EARLY MANUFACTURING—MODERN FACTORIES—SALEM AN INDUSTRIAL CITY— FINANCIAL INSTITUTIONS—CITY'S GROWTH—HOSPITALS— THE WORLD WAR MEMORlAL POLITICAL—CIVIC ORGANIZATIONS. The first school in Salem was opened about 1804. The teachers from that date to 1810 were Hannah Fisher, and Judith Townsend. A log school house was built in 1810, where Joseph Shreve and James Tolerton taught from 1810 to 1816. Shreve taught again from 1822 to 1833. The Friends erected a brick school house at the corner of Broadway and Dry streets in 1828, which for those days, secured a large patronage. Provision was made for the early schools by the parents and guardians subscribing to an article of agreement by which each subscriber agreed to send and pay for the tuition of one or more pupils. Back in the '40s Reuben McMillan, Jesse Markham and Lewis T. Park were successful teachers. In 1854 Alfred Holbrook was made the first superintendent. In 1861 H. H. Barnaby succeeded to the position. In 1863 William D. Henkle began a period of service which lasted for 11 years, except two years of a lapse during his term as state school commissioner. The superintendents succeeding Prof. Henkle have been William S. Wood, Myron E. Hard, W. P. Burris, Jesse S. Johnson and John S. Alan, who in 1926 had been superintendent for 13 years. The high school of Salem was organized immediately after the adoption of the graded system in 1853. The first high school building on Fourth Street was razed for a new building, the finest in the state at that time, which was dedicated in 1897. Besides this there are three - 128 - HISTORY OF COLUMBIANA COUNTY - 129 other buildings, used as grade schools, namely, McKinley Avenue, Columbia Street and Prospect Street, all brick structures. In 1916 all these buildings were so greatly congested by the increase in enrollment that a fine brick building was erected on Garfield Avenue, at the site of the old Hawley spring, which is being used exclusively for a high school. The Fourth Street building is now used as a. junior high school and for grade school rooms. An institution in which Salem may justly take pride is the Carnegie Library on McKinley Avenue. The idea for a library originated back in 1895 when 40 men and women met statedly as the "Monday Night Club" for self-improvement. The need for books of reference was felt, and a movement started to secure the nucleus of a library. A stock company was organized and a charter secured. At the outset about 1200 volumes were bought and a room secured in the Gurney Block. In a year or two this room became too small and a larger one in the same building was rented. Then in 1899 the library was removed to rooms in the Pioneer Block, which were occupied until the removal into its permanent home in August, 1905. In 1898 it was made a free public library. The personnel of the original board of directors was : Walter F. Deming, president ; Mrs. A. Carey, vice president ; Elizabeth Brooks, secretary ; Alice MacMillan, treasurer ; Prof. G. C. S. Southworth, Josephine Taylor and F. J. Mullins. In February, 1903, application was made to Andrew Carnegie for a library building. He readily responded with a tender of $17,500, which later was increased to $20,000. The site on McKinley Avenue was purchased, the deed being dated June 19, 1903. On August 31, the library was dedicated. For many years Mrs. Ashbel Carey was librarian, she being succeeded in 1922 by Miss Margaret Vinton and under her direction greater interest on the part of the public was aroused and a great many new books were placed in circulation. The first burying ground established by the Friends about 1805 was abandoned in 1817 or 1818. About 1818 a lot of about two acres on Depot Street was bought, which property was used as a burial place for 60 or 70 years. The Baptist Church also purchased property on Depot Street in 1809 which was used for a burial plot for many years. The Methodists used a plat of ground on Howard Street for a burying ground from 1830 to 1860. Hope Cemetery, on Garfield Avenue, was the result of a consolidation of what had originally been the Presbyterian Cemetery, (9) V1 130 - HISTORY OF COLUMBIANA COUNTY Salem Cemetery and a five-acre addition made in 1864 by Jacob Heaton, in all amounting to nearly nine acres. In 1900 the Salem Cemetery Association was organized. The old Beeson farm on Franklin Avenue was purchased and Grand View Cemetery was laid off and opened in 1901. The Home for Aged Women is one of Salem's very worthy institutions. The inception of the movement was largely due to the active interest of Mrs. Joseph Koll. A movement was set on foot in 1886 which resulted in 1887 in the purchase of the Evans homestead on McKinley Avenue. Mrs. Eliza Jennings made the first donation. The home was opened in October, 1888, and has since furnished a comfortable abode for an average of from 10 to 12 inmates. In 1900 the building was enlarged to the extent of four rooms. The first matron was Phoebe Gruell. Printing in Salem was first done in a log house that stood on or near the place where A. M. Carr's storeroom was built on Main Street, now the C. S. Carr hardware store. Joseph Shreve was then the teacher of the Friends school and his brother Thomas was studying medicine under Dr. Stanton. They came from Pennsylvania and had some knowledge of Robert Fee who in Brownsville had published The Western Reporter. In this he appears to have made a failure and was then induced by the Shreve brothers to come to Salem and start a paper. In the latter part of March, 1825, he issued the first number of the Salem Gazette and Public Advertiser. The Gazette came to an untimely end in July, 1826. Some time in 1835 William F. Stewart came and issued his prospectus for the Salem Visitor. In the spring of the next year, P. F. Boylan bought The Visitor and changed the name to The Ohio Mercury. Then followed irregular issues until the publisher left the town suddenly. Early in 1842 Benjamin Hawley (ancestor of R. W. Hawley, present editor of The News) James Eggman, John Campbell and John Harris associated themselves as an editorial committee with Benjamin B. Davis and Joshua Hart as publishers. A press and other printing materials were procured and on April 12, 1842, the first number of The Village Register was issued. The well known character of the editorial staff helped it much. After the paper had been fairly started B. B. Davis became editor. In 1844 Joseph Painter rented the office and continued the paper. He retired in about two years and Mr. Davis again took charge of the paper. He took Aaron Hinchman into partnership in 1846 and in a short time HISTORY OF COLUMBIANA COUNTY - 131 Hinchman became sole editor and proprietor. He changed the name to The Homestead Journal. In 1854 J. K. Rukenbrod and Jesse Hutton purchased The Journal, Mr. Rukenbrod shortly becoming sole proprietor. In 1857 the paper having become identified with the Republican party, its name was changed to The Salem Republican. In 1889 Mr. Rukenbrod sold the paper to The Salem Publishing Co. In 1873 Dr. J. M. Hole began the publication of the Salem Era, a weekly newspaper. In the following year he sold a half interest in the paper to Ed F. Rukenbrod and a little later transferred the other half interest to J. B. Park. Later still Mr. Park sold out to his partner, then J. D. Fountain acquired a half interest, within a year selling to Mr. Rukenbrod and the latter in turn in 1889, sold to Stanley & Co., who afterward aided in the organization of the Salem Publishing Co. This company then consolidated the Republican and the Era and for several years the paper was published weekly, then semiweekly as the Republican-Era. Meanwhile, in 1889 J. W. Northrop had established The Salem Daily News and it also was taken over by The Salem Publishing Co. and became part of the consolidation. November 24, 1894, Louis H. Brush bought a controlling interest in The Salem Publishing Co. and has continued until the present day to publish The News. April 9, 1890, D. D. Kirby issued the first number of The Salem Democratic Bulletin. From July, 1890, to July, 1894, H. W. McCurdy was a partner ; but during the greater part of the time Mr. and Mrs. D. D. Kirby were sole proprietors of the publication issued from what was for years known as The Salem Herald office. The Daily Herald was established May 12, 1891, and in 1896 the name of the weekly edition was changed to The Weekly Bulletin. The political complexion was Democratic. George H. Gee was editor of The Herald for a number of years and later Walter W. Beck acquired an interest in the company. In 1918, The Herald was purchased by The Salem Publishing Co., which consolidated the two publications, continuing the publication of The News as a daily paper. For some time Frederick W. Douglass was editor of The News. He was followed by William B. McCord, R. B. Thompson, R. W. Hawley, D. S. Kintner, Rev. C. L. Smith. In 1921 R. W. Hawley, who for eight years had been associated with papers in other cities, returned to Salem, purchased an interest in The Salem Publishing 132 - HISTORY OF COLUMBIANA COUNTY Co. and, again associating himself with L. H. Brush, became editor of the paper. In 1915 R. B. Thompson and associates purchased The Lyle Printing Co. and began the publication of Farm & Dairy, a weekly farm publication which Mr. Thompson continues to edit. This company also publishes the Ohio State Grange Monthly, of which Mr. Thompson is managing editor. In earlier days Salem publications covered a wide field, including the following: The Anti-Slavery Bugle, established by the American Anti-Slavery society in 1845, Milo Townsend being the first editor ; The Salem Journal, established by John Hudson, the first number being printed Feb. 17, 1865 ; it passed through many hands and finally was sold by J. R. Vernon to Major R. W. Snyder and shortly afterwards discontinued ; The Ohio Educational Monthly, a Columbus publication, was purchased in 1870 by William D. Henkle and removed to Salem ; The National Greenback, a radical weekly newspaper, started in 1878 by a stock company, G. W. Cowgill's name appearing as publisher and editor ; The Buckeye Vidette removed from Bryan, Ohio, to Salem by J. W. Northrop in 1883 ; The Salem Weekly Democrat started by Asa H. Battin and Thomas Dillon in 1854 and continued just one year ; in the latter '80s. J. D. Fountain started the Salem Tribune, a weekly Republican newspaper ; earlier in the century The Dollar Age, a weekly started by Alfred Sipe, survived but a few months ; J. R. Murphy and J. C. Kling bought the outfit and started The Salem Times which lasted but a short time ; Dr. Hardman issued at intervals a nondescript publication which he called The Clipper ; in January, 1896, Willis Whinnery started publication of a paper entitled The Swine Advocate, in the interest of the business in which he was engaged; The Daily Holiday News, established in the '70s by J. S. Rentz, was issued intermittently for many years daily for the week in each year preceding Christmas ; in 1902 Charles Bonsall and J. S. Rentz began the publication of The American Worker and it was discontinued in 1903. As early as 1814 an attempt was made to form a company for manufacturing purposes. In that year a stock company was formed to be called The Manufacturing Company of Salem. The purpose was to manufacture cotton, wool, ironware and for merchandising. John Street, Nathan Hunt, Jacob Gaunt, Samuel Davis, David Gaskill, Israel Gaskill and Richard Fawcett were elected as the board of directors. A brick building was erected in which to house the enterprise, and preparations HISTORY OF COLUMBIANA COUNTY - 133 made to begin operations in June, 1815, but for some reason the scheme fell through. John Stanley erected and set in operation a woolen factory which was destroyed by fire in 1827. Stanley rebuilt the factory on the present site of the Baptist Church. Robert Campbell bought this concern in 1830 and followed the business of carding and spinning and weaving woolen fabrics. In 1838 Campbell sold to Zadok Street who having engaged Thomas Pinkham for manager, continued the business until 1849. In 1839 a woolen factory was built by George Allison in the western part of town between West Main and West Green streets, which was purchased that same year by James Brown, who continued to operate it until 1849. About 1825 Amos Kimberly started a carding machine on what is now Ellsworth Avenue, the motive power for which was furnished by a large treadmill worked by oxen. Mordecai Morlan bought this mill in 1832 and operated it until 1839. John Street operated an extensive tannery on the square now bounded by Depot, West Main, Howard and Dry streets. Four brothers, sons of Joel Sharp, Sr., who located very early in the century at Salem, laid the foundation for the largest single industry which the city possessed for many years, that of engine building and for which it acquired a world-wide reputation. All the brothers, Thomas, Simeon, Clayton and Joel, were natural mechanics. In 1842 Thomas Sharp opened a shop for the building of steam engines and that same year turned out his first steam engine. In a year or two Thomas was joined by his brothers, Simeon and Clayton, and in 1848 the fourth brother, Joel, returned from Cleveland and entered the firm. Between 1848 and 1850 they took from the Ohio and Pennsylvania railroad projectors the contract for furnishing ties and stringers for eleven miles of the railroad which was then being built between Alliance and Pittsburg. In 1851 Thomas Sharp withdrew from the firm and started a shop on West Main Street, which continued to turn out work until, in 1894, it was destroyed by fire. On Thomas Sharp's withdrawal from the original partnership in 1851, two of the remaining brothers went into a new organization styled Sharp, Davis & Bonsall, the members of the concern being Simeon and Joel Sharp, Milton Davis and Joel S. Bonsall. The concern became known as the Buckeye Engine Works. The new firm 134 - HISTORY OF COLUMBIANA COUNTY quickly achieved fame through the improvements introduced on the early steam engines. April 27, 1865, the works burned to the ground and the next year was rebuilt. Milton Davis and Simeon Sharp retired from business in 1892 and D. W. Davis became vice president of the company. Joel Sharp died in 1898 and Joel S. Bonsall succeeded him as president, C. S. Bonsall becoming superintendent. Joel S. Bonsai! died in 1902 and was succeeded as president by H. H. Sharp. A new model gas engine was produced in 1905 and several years later, the steam engine business having declined, the plant was sold to Edwin S. Griffiths of Cleveland who later sold it to The Bliss Co., with headquarters in Brooklyn, N. Y. This company operated the plant as a machine shop during the period of the World War, later dismantling it. It resumed operations early in 1926. Some time in the early '30s Nicholas Johnson started a foundry and in 1834 or '35 Zadok Street bought the little plant which was located on Dry Street and gave to that locality the name of Foundry Hill, which it still bears. In 1847 the foundry was purchased by Snyder & Woodruff, who began the work of casting stoves. The establishment was burned in 1856 and the firm bought a site on lower Depot Street, rebuilt and continued the business of stove founding. In 1871 the Snyders retired from partnership and the firm became J. Woodruff & Sons. The business was continued for many years, being discontinued about 1910. In 1854 Levi A. Dole invented a hub boxing machine. A. R. Silver, who was then foreman of the Woodruff Carriage shop, became interested in the invention and the two men in the fall of that same year rented a part of a little shop on High Street in which a lathe and a blacksmith's forge were placed; and then and there was born what later became the Silver & Deming Manufacturing Co. In 1865 John Deming bought a third interest and Dole died in 1866. In that year the firm became Silver & Deming. Early in 1890 A. R. Silver and his sons retired and organized a new enterprise, and the Demings reorganized as The Deming Co. In 1880 the Silver & Deming Company had started the manufacture of hand and power pumps and after the reorganization the Deming Co. continued along the same lines. It branched out into the manufacture of other pumps and at present, in 1926, is one of the largest pump manufacturers in the country, producing several hundred different kinds of pumps. In 1890 the Silver Manufacturing Co. was organized and located HISTORY OF COLUMBIANA COUNTY - 135 at the foot of Broadway. For many years they produced specialties such as carriage makers and blacksmiths tools, band saws, butchers tools, "Ohio" hand-power fed cutters, ensilage cutters and blowers, metal bucket chain elevators, feed mills, root cutters, etc. In 1905 a new machine shop was built and new lines of manufacture were added. In 1868 a stove foundry was established on Depot Street by Henry King, Furman Gee and Henry Schaffer, under the firm name of King, Gee & Co. In 1869 the company incorporated as The Victor Stove Co. The smaller interests were soon taken over by Daniel Koll and Furman Gee, who continued the business until 1879, when it passed into the hands of Daniel Kol and Sons. This company is still producing coal and gas stoves and furnaces on a large scale. In 1867 a third company under the name of Baxter, Boyle & Co., built the Perry Stove Works and in 1881 the plant was removed to Mansfield. As early as 1872 decorative cornices, vases, busts and metal statuary were made in Salem by Kittredge, Clark & Co., which firm laid the foundation for the large business in later years of the W. H. Mullins Co. The business was carried on until 1882 and at that time W. H. Mullins of Salem, purchased an interest and the firm name became Bakewell & Mullins. Mr. Mullins bought out his partner in 1890 and continued the business in his own name, entering almost exclusively into the manufacture of statuary. Later the lines of manufacture were extended to include sheet metal architectural ornaments, boats and launches. In 1905 the company was incorporated as The W. H. Mullins Co. Later the motor boat and canoe business became a small part of this company's output as it entered into the steel stamping business on a larger scale, producing automobile bodies, fenders and other parts. The name of the company was changed to the Mullins Body Corporation in 1922 and W. H. Mullins retired as active head, becoming chairman of the board of directors as C. C. Gibson, long secretary of the company, succeeded him as president. In 1926 this company had the largest manufacturing plant in Salem, employing 1,200 men in the manufacture of bodies and parts for about 16 automobiles. "The Industrial Works" were established in 1872 by Edwards & Morlan. In 1875 M. L. Edwards became sole proprietor. Among the products were meat choppers, lard and tallow presses, and blacksmith's tools. 136 - HISTORY OF COLUMBIANA COUNTY In 1875 William J. Clark & Co., established a factory for making novelty oil tanks, shipping tanks, elevator buckets, hose couplings and general plate and sheet metal work. In 1885 other specialties in the lines of hardware and woodware, including door and window screens were added. This company continued in business until a few years ago, when it was purchased by the Mullins Body Corporation. In the early '80s Carl Barckhoff established a church organ factory. In 1896 he retired. The Wirsching Church Organ Co. was established in 1887. After the company had operated for about ten years, Phillip Wirsching took over the business and continued it in his own name until 1904 when the factory was destroyed by fire. After this a stock company was organized, which was incorporated in 1905 with William Deming as president. The Salem China Co. was organized in 1898 by six practical potters of East Liverpool, E. J. Smith, William Smith, Patrick McNicol, T. A. McNicol, Cornelius Cronin and Daniel P. Cronin. T. A. McNicol was president. That year the company built a six-kiln pottery in Salem and a very successful business in the manufacture of white ware has since been conducted. A few years ago Frank A. Sebring of Sebring purchased the plant and his son, Frank H. Sebring, became president, filling that position to the present day. Among the later manufacturing plants to locate upon "The Flats" are: The Salem Tool Co. and the Pittsburgh Foundry & Machine Co. The Salem Tool Co. was established in 1900 and manufactures miners' tools. Henry Wilson is president and his son, James H. Wilson is secretary-treasurer. In 1902 The Pittsburg Foundry & Machine Co. was established here. Its home office is in Pittsburg. A general line of job castings is made here. J. B. McNab in 1875 embarked in the fruit canning business and in 1891 added the manufacture of artificial ice. He also was interested in the mining of coal, operating the McNab mine east of the city. Following his death a few years ago Miss Hallie Roessler, who had been his secretary, organized the Salem Builders Supply Co., which occupies the old McNab factory. She is the only woman in the industrial field in Salem. She has built up a thriving business. H. A. Tolerton and sons in the fall of 1905 built a large artificial ice plant. Later Mr. Tolerton retired and today his sons, W. W. and C. E. HISTORY OF COLUMBIANA COUNTY - 137 Tolerton, operate the plant, also dealing in coal, under the name of The Citizens Ice and Coal Co. Among the permanent and stable manufacturing improvements of Salem is that which was organized as the Salem Wire Nail Mill Company which was incorporated in 1885. The original company was headed by Joel Sharp. In 1889 the company absorbed a plant of the same capacity at Findlay. Ohio. The Salem mill was one of the first taken into the original wire combine—The American Steel & Wire Co.—upon its formation in 1898 ; and on the absorption of the wire combine by the United States Steel corporation in 1901 the Salem plant became a part of the larger concern. The Salem plant has been operated continuously since that time as one of the best in the steel corporation. Robert C. Garrison is superintendent. The Grove Company, manufacturers of chewing gum, organized in 1890 and built a three-story building on lower Broadway. This was operated by S. Grove, Jr., but a few years ago it suspended. The building is now occupied by the George H. Bowman Co. of Cleveland as a glass cutting factory. In later years other stable industries were added to the city. These include the National Sanitary Manufacturing Co., who operate a flourishing business in the manufacture of bath tubs and lavatory fixtures; The Salem Rubber Company, manufacturers of automobile tires and tubes; The S. C. Jessup Pattern works; Andalusia Dairy Co., producers of ice cream and dairy products; The Justice Manufacturing Co., manufacturers of washing machines ; The Electric Furnace Co., operating in the plant built by and formerly occupied by the American Cash Register Co.; Peoples Lumber Co. ; George S. Foltz, operating the City Flour Mills; C. B. Hunt & Son, manufacturers of hose couplings ; Salem Furniture Co., over-stuffed furniture; Cadwallader Manufacturing Co., operated by L. B. Carson. successor to Thomas Cadwallader, the founder, in the manufacture of poultry markers and serial numbers for auto tires; Church Budget Envelope Co., established by J. A. Pidgeon in 1915, printed envelopes for church budgets ; L. F. Schilling Co., auto camp and touring equipment ; L. B. Silver Co., originators and breeders of O. I. C. swine. As Salem has been prosperous industrially, so her financial institutions have been characterized by stability. The oldest of these institutions in the city is the Farmers National Bank, organized in 1846. Simeon 138 - HISTORY OF COLUMBIANA COUNTY Jennings was the first president who was succeeded by J. J. Brooks and the latter by his son, J. Twing Brooks. In 1865 the Farmers Bank was reorganized as a national bank. On the death of Mr. Brooks, Robert V. Hampson became president and upon the latter's death William B. Carey became president and today he holds that position. B. L. Flick is cashier. The First National Bank of Salem had its original organization in 1862. The first president was Alexander Pow. At Mr. Pow's death in 1879 Furman Gee was chosen president and served until his death in 1901, when Richard Pow succeeded him. A few years later Fred R. Pow became president upon his father's death and continues in that position today. W. F. Church is cashier. Thomas & Greiner started a private banking business in 1853. They were succeeded in 1864 by Hiram Greiner. In 1866 the firm was Greiner & Boone and in 1871 H. Greiner & Son. In 1903 the last named firm wound up its business. The same year the Citizens Savings Bank & Trust Co. was organized, becoming a state bank. Joseph O. Greiner is president and Karl L. Webster is cashier. The Salem Savings & Loan Association was organized in 1891, with L. H. Kirkbride as president. Later this company was reorganized into the Salem Building & Loan Association with Edgar Satterthwaite as president. In 1924 The Home Savings & Loan Association of Youngstown purchased this business and continues to operate it in Salem. The Mutual Savings & Loan association was formed in 1924 and now is operated under the management of S. E. Mackintosh. Salem was incorporated as a town by an act of the general assembly of Ohio passed Jan. 8, 1830. In 1842 the village contained a population of 1,000. The village government then consisted of a president, a recorder and five trustees. John Campbell was the first president in 1830, and Alfred Wright, the first mayor, in 1852, when the town became an incorporated village. From this small beginning Salem has grown into a city of about 12,000 souls, with well-paved streets, modern mercantile establishments, municipal waterworks and sewage disposal plants, two volunteer fire departments and paid fire and police departments, with T. W. Thompson as chief of police and Vincent Malloy as fire chief. For many years Street cars were operated from the Pennsylvania Railroad passenger sta- HISTORY OF COLUMBIANA COUNTY - 139 tion up Depot Street and out Main Street, with a branch line out Garfield Avenue to Hope Cemetery. For nearly 18 years this line has not been operated and the rails have been removed from the streets. Salem's institutions include a large and beautiful City Hospital, erected by the people of Salem on McKinley Ave., near the city limits, in 1912, the former C. S. Bonsall home across the street having been donated by W. H. Mullins as a nurses home ; a private hospital started in 1921 on Chestnut St. by Dr. H. K. Yaggi and known as the Central Clinic Hospital ; a World War memorial building on McKinley Ave. just west of the Public Library, erected in 1924 with funds donated to the citizens of Salem by W. H. Mullins and used as a community center and recreational building ; a beautiful Masonic Temple opposite the Memorial Building, and many other lodge homes. Although Salem has been strongly Republican in politics, it elected Al Carlile, a prominent Democrat, as mayor for several years and after his retirement elected J. S. McKay, a Socialist, for one term. Since then it has returned to the Republican ranks. George E. Russell is mayor ; D. L. Augustine, president of council ; John S. McNutt, auditor ; E. S. Walker, treasurer ; Cecil K. Scott, city solicitor ; F. A. Rinehart, service director ; Ernest Schmid, safety director. There are four wards and city council is composed of seven members, three at large and one representing each ward. For the first time in its history, the city elected two women to office in 1925—Mrs. Stanton Heck, representing the Fourth Ward, and Mrs. Joseph R. Stratton, the second ward in city council, which took office January 1, 1926. The city's civic organizations include a Chamber of Commerce, of which E. M. Peters is president and George H. Mounts secretary ; a Rotary Club, of which R. W. Hawley is president ; a Kiwanis Club, of which C. E. Sweney is president ; a Quota Club, of which Miss Martha Wire is president ; a Country Club, with a lake and beautiful grounds just west of the city, W. S. Atchison being president ; a Salem. Golf Club, W. H. Dunn president, with a nine-hole course two miles south of the city on the Lisbon Road ; a Community Service Association, C. C. Gibson, president ; Boy and Girl Scout organizations, Red Cross Chapter, Salvation Army, and various patriotic and fraternal organizations. CHAPTER VIII. WELLSVILLE (By Frank L. Wells.) BEAUTY OF LOCATION—GENE CAL WASHINGTON VISITS THIS LOCALITY— EARLY SURVEY—SITE OF WELLSVILLE PURCHASED BY WILLIAM WELLS, FOUNDER OF THE TOWN—SETTLEMENT—METHODIST CHURCH ORGANIZED— INTEREST IN CHURCHES—TURNPIKE BUILT— VILLAGE INCORPORATED— FAVORABLE LOCATION—EARLY ACTIVITY—BUILDING OF RAILROAD—FIRST INDUSTRIES—INDUSTRIAL WELLSVILLE—SCHOOLS AND EDUCATORS—CHIEF LOGAN—MILITARY AFFAIRS—PRESIDENT LINCOLN—LITERARY ACTIVITY—LODGES—HOME OWNERS. The first Ohio soil washed by the Ohio River is that of Columbiana County. From Columbiana on the east to Hamilton County on the west, along the entire southern border of the state, the Ohio River unfolds a panorma of beauty, which led the admiring Indians to name it the Beautiful River, in the Indian language, the "Ohio." Located on its northerly bank, in the heart of the finest scenery of the "Beautiful River," Wellsville is favored for situation. At this point nature constructed a large level tract of land nearly all of which is safely above the highest river floods. From the east the river approaches the location with a curve of great beauty, and after flowing past the site in a comparatively straight, deep channel, leaves the place with another charming curve. At the western side of the city a group of islands in the river enhances the beauty of the scene. On both the Ohio and West Virginia sides of the river, splendid wooded hills surround the place contributing both beauty and shelter to the site. The Ohio hills abound in springs and brooks affording Wellsville an abundant supply of pure, soft water with an operating cost that - 140 - HISTORY OF COLUMBIANA COUNTY - 141 is practically nil and giving Wellsville the distinction of having the only "Gravity System" of water supply in the State of Ohio. In the year 1770, George Washington made a canoe trip down the Ohio River in company with his personal friend, Colonel Crawford, for the purpose of selecting lands for purchase. On October 21st his Journal contains this entry : "At present the unsettled state of the country renders any purchase dangerous." On October 22nd he traveled from the mouth of Little Beaver Creek to Big Yellow Creek and referring to the present site of Wellsville entered in his Journal: "There is another pretty large body of very good land two or three miles above Yellow Creek." Shortly previous to 1788 the government caused a survey of this part of the Ohio to be made by surveyor, Robert Johnson, and at a sale in New York City of Ohio lands in the year 1788, Johnson bought thirty townships at the rate of one hundred acres of land for $6. In 1795 James Clark of Washington County, Pennsylvania, bought from Johnson three hundred and four acres, the site of Wellsville at $6 per acre. In 1796 Clark sold his holdings to his son-in-law, William Wells, who moved from Pennsylvania with his family in the year 1797 and became the founder of Wellsville. Mr. Wells cultivated the land here with his eldest son as an armed guard for protection from the Indians and wild beasts, and at night the family took shelter in the Government Block House on the Virginia side of the river located where the Arbuckles, of coffee fame, years after, erected a mansion which still stands. The site of Wellsville proved to be attractive and a settlement soon developed. In 1805 the township of Yellow Creek was organized in which year the total tax levy for the township amounted to $57.60. The territory originally set off to the township embraced besides the tract now within the township limits, a row of sections on the west which in 1832 were apportioned to Jefferson County. Among the early settlers of the township there was a large percentage of Scotch people, and the district immediately north of Wellsville became known as the Scotch Settlement. In the year 1800 the present First Methodist Episcopal Church was organized by Rev. John Callahan in the house of William Wells. This is supposed to be the first Methodist Episcopal Church organized in the State of Ohio. In the same year the Rev. George Scott, a Presbyterian 142 - HISTORY OF COLUMBIANA COUNTY minister, preached in the house of George Wilhelm on the Virginia side of the river opposite Wellsville, and at a later date Rev. Scott and a Rev. Thomas E. Hughes, and other supply preachers, held Presbyterian services in the woods and tents at Wellsville during the summer season, and in the winter held services in the school house. On July 4, 1833, William Wells donated to the Methodists a lot on Main Street, and they erected an edifice, being the same site where their present church stands. In the same year the First Presbyterian Society built a brick house of worship on the river bank just below what is now Ninth Street, which they occupied until they built a new brick church in 1852 on the site of their present church building. The interest in churches from these early beginnings has continued and today there are fourteen church congregations in Wellsville, all owning their own buildings, valued, churches and parsonages, at $425,000 with a membership of approximately 4,500. In 1814 a turnpike road was built to Lisbon and in 1816 a postoffice was established at Wellsville with John J. Feehan as postmaster. In 1823 the first plat of lots in Wellsville was recorded in Lisbon and on February 6, 1833, the Village of Wellsville was duly incorporated The shortest line from the Great Lakes to the Ohio River was found to be from Cleveland on Lake Erie to Wellsville on the river. This fact, with the additional circumstances that at this point there was an exceptionally good river harbor and landing, and that 'Wellsville was geographically midway between the important points of Pittsburg in Pennsylvania and Wheeling in Virginia, made Wellsville a terminal for a daily stage coach line from Cleveland, and also one from Fairport on Lake Erie. Two packets named "New Lisbon" and "Wellsville" were operated on the river from Wellsville to Pittsburg. A stage line was operated from Ashtabula on the Lake to Wheeling, Virginia, via Wellsville and Steubenville. Wellsville in the forties was a busy, bustling, shipping point controlling the river business of fifteen Ohio counties, including the entire Western Reserve; and frequently hundreds of loaded wagons would be seen here waiting their turn to discharge freight for the river and to reload with merchandise for the interior. This shipping activity continued from 1832 until 1852, when with the advent of the railroad important changes were wrought. In 1844 Wellsville citizens initiated plans for the building of a rail- HISTORY OF COLUMBIANA COUNTY - 143 road from Wellsville on the river to Fairport on the lake. Cleveland capital became interested and the terminal points were made Cleveland and Wellsville. The Cleveland and Pittsburg Railroad was built largely by Wellsvile citizens. The road was competed to Cleveland in 1852 and on St. Valentine's Day of that year the first steam locomotive ever in Wellsville arrived with a train of flat cars. A great celebration was staged and a number of citizens met the train at Yellow Creek and rode in on the flat cars. The railroad tract in that time ran through the middle of the town instead of on the river front as it now is. The station then was at the corner of Broadway and Sixth streets designated on the plat of the town as Depot Lot, being the property now known as the Holland Home. In those days the locomotives were named instead of numbered and the engine which drew the first train was named "Summit." As a part of the program for the occasion, William Wells, the founder of the town, drove the last spike at the Wellsville end of the line, signifying the completion of the road. The railroad service from Wellsville to Pittsburg was inaugurated in 1856. The railroad completely changed the character of Wellsville's business, and soon eliminated the stage coach and the teaming trade. But Wellsville was not the loser, and the forward looking Wellsville citizens of 1844 have been fully vindicated in their judgment in securing the railroad.. Extensive railroad shops were at once erected hree and the railroad interests have been continually enlarged until today the Pennsylvania Railroad Company employs at this point nine hundred men, having here property on the tax duplicate at approximately a million of dollars and paying one-eighth of all the taxes paid in Wellsville. Their wage payroll here amounts to one and a half million dollars annaually. The first potting industry in the Ohio Valley was begun in Wellsville in 1826 by Joseph Wells (the son of the founder of the town) who made red and stone ware in a shop on Broadway and continued the business for thirty years. In 1836 the firm of Bottenberg and Geisse started a foundry which was the beginning of the industry now known as The Stevenson Company. In the beginning six men were employed and in time P. F. Geisse acquired the full ownership. The plant was known as the Fulton Foundry, and built boats and steamboat machinery for the river trade. In 1870 the plant was sold out to Samuel and Thomas B. Stevenson, and in a short 144 - HISTORY OF COLUMBIANA COUNTY time they were joined by Alexander Denham; afterward the full control passed to Samuel Stevenson, who organized The Stevenson Company, engaged chiefly in the manufacture of brick-making machinery, and the concern is one of our best industries, having customers all over the United States and Canada, with orders at times so far away as China. In 1874, Wellsville citizens, by liberal contributions to the capital, induced a company of Pittsburg mechanics to organize The American Tin Plate Company and erect a plant in Wellsville where the first tin plate in the United States was produced. In less than a year the concern failed because of a different construction being put upon the protective tariff law than that which was understood when the plant was erected, and the plant which cost $80,000 was sold in 1877 at sheriff's sale for $10,000 and started only to fail again. After a long time shut down, the plant was acquired by the Woods of Pittsburg, under whose management and that of their successors, the United States Steel Corporation, manufacturing high-grade sheet steel and employing eight hundred and fifty men with an annual payroll of $1,000,000 to S1,500,000. has become probably our best industry. Among other industries now operating in Wellsville are four large white ware potteries, two brick-making plants, a paint works, an ice plant, a boiler works, a stilt works, and a plant for the manufacture of hot water heaters. Reports from eleven of our industries show that those operating have 2,440 employes to whom they pay annually wages amounting to $3,228,000. In addition to those reporting to the writer there are a number of small industries, which with careful estimates as to miscellaneous employment shows an aggregate of 3,000 wage earners in Wellsville receiving annually wages approximately $4,000,000. From the earliest days Wellsville has afforded its children and young people the best educational facilities. Long before the days of high schools Wellsville supplemented the best available grade schools with academies, at least three of which flourished at different periods. In the latter forties and the early fifties Rev. Jonathan Hamnett. a Methodist minister, conducted an academy located near the present site of the Third Street Pennsylvania Railroad Station. Rev. Hamnett afterwards became a member of the faculty and vice president of Allegheny College at Meadville, Pennsylvania. Another academy was conducted by a Presbyterian minister, Rev. W. H. Lafferty. This academy was located in HISTORY OF COLUMBIANA COUNTY - 145 what is now the C. W. Arnold residence on Riverside Avenue, the building in those days having three stories. Another academy was located in a three story building constructed for the purpose on Main Street where Dr. J. M. King's residence is now located, and was headed by Rev. Campbell, a United Presbyterian minister. The older residents of Wellsville aver that these educators were all gifted men and each of them left an indelible impression upon the life of the community. In the course of time these academies were superceded by our most excellent high school. Today the Wellsville schools employ fifty-four teachers and have four substantial modern grade buildings with a new and finely equipped high school building. In the annals of the school history of Wellsville the name of Prof. James L. MacDonald looms large. Prof. MacDonald was superintendent of the schools here for thirty-nine years and taught three generations of our citizens. It is related that prior to the election of Prof. MacDonald to be superintendent of the schools here, one George W. Luckey, was an applicant for the position, but was rejected by our board as not up to the standard required. Prof. Luckey was afterwards employed as superintendent of the Pittsburg schools, where he served for many years. Any record of Wellsville events should make mention of certain historical incidents. For instance the massacre of a company of Indians by white men, which occurred in this vicinity near the mouth of Big Yellow Creek, and which brought on long years of Indian warfare led by the Indian Chief, Logan, whose famous oration touching this brutal massacre was printed in McGuffy's Reader and declaimed by every school boy of the former generation. In 1782 the famous Indian fighter, Adam Poe, had his memorable contest opposite the mouth of Little Yellow Creek. In 1844 a crack militia company known as the Wellsville Light Artillery was organized by Capt. Henry Cope. The company numbered fifty-one men, carried a twelve-pound gun, and paraded in a showy uniform consisting of red coat, white pants, and a stiff hat with a brilliant plume. They are said to have made a very imposing appearance when on parade, and during the company's eight years existence their red coats and white pants glistened at all general musters, 4th of July celebrations, and other occasions. The company received orders to take the field in the Mexican War and arrangements were made for a departure to Mexico but just then peace was declared and the company lost a chance to win real glory. (10)V1 146 - HISTORY OF COLUMBIANA COUNTY Judge Joshua A. Riddle at one time commanded a cavalry company attached to the state militia with headquarters at Wellsville. In 1858 Captain Henry Cope organized the Wellsville Guards with Asa H. Battin as first lieutenant, and upon the breaking out of the War of the Rebelion in 1861 the entire company enlisted in the service in Company K, 3rd Ohio Volunteers. With Asa H. Battin as Captain and James M. Imbrie as First Lieutenant, afterwards promoted to captain. This company saw hard service with many casualties and part of their number were held as prisoners in Libby Prison. Company F of the 104th Ohio Volunteer Infantry, was recruited at Wellsville with James W. Reilly as colonel of the regiment and J. F. Riddle as captain of the Wellsville Company. Colonel Reily was promoted to the position of brigadier-general and Captain Riddle became major of the regiment. This Wellsville company suffered twenty-two casualties in the service. In the early days of the Civil War word reached Wellsville that the Confederates had managed to purchase a boat load of war supplies from Pittsburg and that they were being brought down the Ohio River. Under the leadership of William G. Wells, the youthful mayor of Wellsville, a cannon was planted on the river bank between Third and Fourth streets, and when the boat came within range it was ordered to put to shore. The order was complied with and the goods captured and turned over to the Federal authorities. In July of 1863, the farthest north of the War of the Rebellion reached the Crubaugh farm eight miles north of Wellsville. There the Rebel raider, General John H. Morgan, was captured and brought to Wellsville and held as a prisoner here until taken to the penitentiary at Columbus. While here he was under guard in the Whitacre Hotel, where The Peoples National Bank now stands. In the last days of February, 1861, when President Lincoln made his memorable trip from his home in Springfield, Illinois, to the capitol at Washington, to be inaugurated president, he passed through Wellsville and made a speech here from the rear platform of his train. On this occasion a very interesting Lincolnian incident occurred. While Lincoln was speaking a tipsy Irishman named Johnnie Brice made a very rude interruption and shouted out, "I didn't vote for you, I voted for a dom sight better man." Most men in Lincoln's position would have resented the insult and the meeting would have been irrevocably ruined, but not so with Lincoln. Mr. Lincoln said, "I want to meet that man, HISTORY OF COLUMBIANA COUNTY - 147 bring him to me." The crowd seized the recalcitrant Brice and carried him to Mr. Lincoln, who reached down and took him by the hand saying: "My friend, you didn't vote for me but I have been elected and I am your president. I am going down to Washington to tackle a very hard job and need your help. Will you help me?" Quick as a flash the Irishman made reply, "Sure I will Mr. Lincoln, sure I will." Lincoln's tact had won a friend, saved the situation, and converted a very unseemly incident into an occasion which delighted every one present. When America entered the World War the government draft board headquarters for Columbiana County were located at Wellsville with D. S. Brookman as chairman of the board and Wellsville was made the chief entraining point for this county. One of the most exciting days in the history of Wellsville was in the presidential campaign of 1912 when William Howard Taft, President of the United States, and Ex-President Theodore Roosevelt, both made speeches here, and on the same day Ringling Brothers showed, and the tradition is that the circus drew the largest crowd. The saddest day in the chronicles of Wellsville was on July 4, 1882, when the steamboat Sciota sank in the Ohio River with fifty-two Wellsville people aboard and twenty-eight were drowned. The richest man that Wellsville ever produced was William Chapman Ralston. His father was Robert Ralston, a steamboat builder at Wellsville. "Chap Ralston" went to California in the gold days and became a many times millionaire, in- fact, the wealthiest man of his day and engaged in banking and many other enterprises in and about San Francisco. His tragic end was one of the sensations of the day. The famous actor, Burr McIntosh, was born in Wellsville and spent his early boyhood days here. He was a son of William S. McIntosh, a Wellsville banker. The first newspaper published in Wellsville was the Wellsville Commercial Advertiser, issued in October, 1835, by Lewis Caton who came here from Maryland. The name of the paper was changed to The American Patriot in 1841 and in 1842 William L. Clark, familiarly known as "Uncle Billy," who had come from Maryland with Mr. Caton, acquired the ownership of the paper and changed its name to the Wellsville Patriot. When the Civil War came on Clark, who was a strong Democrat, took a 148 - HISTORY OF COLUMBIANA COUNTY violent stand against President Lincoln and his conduct of the war, and while the war was in progress William G. Foster came to Wellsville from Steubenville and started the Wellsville Union with William G. Wells as its first editor. The new paper actively supported Lincoln and the Union cause and in 1866 Clark's paper was discontinued. The Wellsville Union has survived and is now being published by C. J. Berg. Wellsville people have always taken an active interest in literary matters. For many years the Redpath Chautauqua Bureau have declared that Wellsville is one of their best cities. More than twenty-eight years ago a number of Wellsville ladies, effected a literary organization known as the Twentieth Century Club. This organization became the first Federated Woman's Club in the Ohio Valley. In addition to the Twentieth Century Club, the ladies of this city have a Bible Club, a Delphian Club, and numerous other social and literary organizations. Wellsville maintains a Carnegie Library, two public play grounds for children, two gymnasiums, two emergency hospitals, a civic music association, six pipe organs, a cornet band, and several orchestras. There is here a very live and successful Kiwanis Club, and the Masons, Odd Fellows, Elks, and Knights of Columbus own their own homes worth in the aggregate more than $100,000. Wellsville has twelve miles of street paving, electric light, natural gas, and high tension electric power for its factories. In addition to river transportation eleven passenger trains of The Pennsylvania System arrive and depart from two stations in Wellsville daily, and every hour interurban trolley cars run easterly to Beaver, Pennsylvania and Westerly to Steubenville, and a fifteen minute local street car service connects Wellsville and East Liverpool. In 1869 William Blakely and William G. Wells started The Wellsville Building Company for the purpose of encouraging home ownership among the people of the town. From that day to this there have continuously been strong and successful organizations here affording opportunity to wage earners of the place to acquire their own homes, with the result that a very heavy percentage of the people of Wellsville live in their own homes. This fact has unquestionably given Wellsville a very desirable class of citizens, and in part explains why the last Federal census shows that in the preceding decade Wellsville's percentage of increase in population exceeds that of East Liverpool, Salem, Lisbon, Columbiana, Salineville or Leetonia, other cities and villages in Columbiana County. CHAPTER IX. EAST PALESTINE. LOCATION-TRANSPORTATION FACILITIES - A MANUFACTURING CENTER - NATURAL RESOURCES SURROUNDING-PUBLIC UTILITIES-SCHOOLS-CHURCHES - UNITED PRESBYTERIAN - LUTHERAN - METHODIST - NAZARENE - FIRST PRESBYTERIAN-FIRST CHRISTIAN CHURCH-CATHOLIC. The City of East Palestine is situated on the main line of the Pittsburg, Fort Wayne and Chicago Railroad, fifty miles west of Pittsburg, eighteen miles southeast of Youngstown, eighty-nine miles east of Cleveland and within a night's ride of Chicago and New York, in one of the most fertile agricultural sections of Ohio. The present railroad facilities of the city consist of the four-track Pennsylvania system. Switches extend from the Pittsburgh, Lisbon and Western Railway within one mile of the city corporation limits, connecting with such lines as the Lake Erie and New York Central. Five bus lines are now serving the city's traveling public, two extending between East Palestine, Ohio, and Beaver Falls, Pa., via Darlington ; one line operating between East Palestine and Salem, Ohio, via Unity, Columbiana and Washingtonville and two lines operating between East Palestine and Youngstown, via Unity, Columbiana and North Lima and from East Palestine to Youngstown via Unity, Petersburg, New Middleton and Poland, giving East Palestine and surrounding cities within a radius of forty miles a network of splendid bus lines, accommodating all outlying territories within the region and making East Palestine the center of their activities. East Palestine has become the center of a great system of highly improved highways covering all the east, north, west and southern sections surrounding the city. - 149 -