1731
HISTORY
-OF-
CUMBERLAND COUNTY
PENNSYLVANIA,
WITH ILLUSTRATIONS
BY
REV. CONWAY P. WING, D. D.,
AND OTHER
PHILADELPHIA:
JAMES D. SCOTT,
439 CHESTNUT STREET.
1879.
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Table of Contents. INTRODUCTION - 5 CHAP. I. DESCRIPTIVE HISTORY - 7-10 II. PRELIMINARY HISTORY - 10-19 III. FIRST SETTLEMENTS - 19-26 IV. UNDER LANCASTER COUNTY - 26-33 V. ORGANIZATION AND BRADDOCK'S EXPEDITION - 33-44 VI. THE INDIAN WAR - 44-59 VII. A BRIEF PEACE - 59-65 VIII. PONTIAC'S WAR - 65-70 IX. INTERNAL AFFAIRS - 70-75 X. STRUGGLE FOR REDRESS OF GRIEVANCES - 75-85 XI. REVOLUTIONARY WAR - 85-103 XII. ORGANIZATION,103-118 VIII. SECOND WAR WITH GREAT BRITAIN - 118-120 XIV. POLITICAL, - 121-126 XV. ECCLESIASTICAL, - 126-132 XVI. MILITARY, - 132-141 XVII. INVASION OF PENNSYLVANIA - 141-147 XVIII. MATTERS CONNECTED WITH THE WAR, - 147-148 EDUCATION, - 149-156 BAR OF CUMBERLAND COUNTY, - 157-181 THE MEDICAL PROFESSION, - 181-200 LOWER ALLEN, - 200-205 SHIREMANSTOWN, - 205 UPPER ALLEN, - 205-208 MECHANICSBURG, - 208-210 SILVERS' SPRING, - 211 NEW KINGSTON, - 212-213 EAST PENNSBOROUGH, - 213-215 SOUTH MIDDLETON, - 215-220 COOKE, - 220 MONROE - 220-222 MIDDLESEX - 222-223 MOUNT HOLLY SPRINGS - 223-225 HAMPDEN - 225-229 CARLISLE - 229-235 MIFFLIN - 235-238 NEWVILLE - 239-241 HOPEWELL - 241-242 SHIPPENSBURG - 241-260 SOUTHAMPTON - 260-262 NEWTON - 262-263 DICKINSON - 263-265 PENN - 266-267 WEST PENNSBOROUGH, - 267-269 FRANKFORD - 269-271 BIOAPHICAL SKETCHES, - 273 ILLUSTRATIONS SHIPPENSBURG STATE NORMAL SCHOOL, Plate 1 FIRST PRESBYTERIAN CHURCH. CARLISLE, opposite page - 148 CUMBERLAND COUNTY COURT HOUSE " " - 157 RESIDENCE OF F. E. BELTZHOOVER " " - 157 VIEW OF BOILING SPRINGS between pages - 180 and 181 RESIDENCE OF GEO. M. RUPP, L. ALLEN, - 200 " OF REUBEN S. ROTH - 200 " OF SAMUEL M. HERTZLER - 201 MILTON FARM OF SAMUEL M. HERTZLER - 201 FARM OF WM R. GORGAS - 202 RESIDENCE OF H. NEIDIG - 202 " OF DANIEL B. MUSSER - 203 " AND MILLS OF ELIAS HAKE - 203 FARM OF HON. GEO. W MUMPER - 204 PLANING MILLS OF SHOOP & SADLER - 204 RESIDENCE AND SHOPS OF JNO. K. TAYLOR - 205 " OF HENRY L. BITNER - 205 " AND FARM OF H. S. MOHLER - 206 FARM AND MILLS OF LEVI LANTZ - 207 EUREKA MILLS, LEVI HERTZLER, UPPER ALLEN - 207 RESIDENCE AND FARM OF H. O. SHELLY, UPPER ALLEN - 207 CARRIAGE WORKS OF GEO. SCHROEDER & SONS - 208 and 209 RESIDENCE OF DR. M. B. MOSSER - 210 " R W. MILLER - 210 FARM AND RESIDENCE OF JOHN C. ECKELS - 211 " " " “ SAMUEL BRICKER - 211 RESIDENCE OF D. EYSTER - 213 " " JAS. M. RALSTON - 213 " " J. ADDISON MOORE - 212 RESIDENCE OF DR J. T. CRISWELL - 212 SOLDIERS' ORPHAN SCHOOL - 215 RESIDENCE AND FARM OF H. M. COCHLIN - 215 " OF CONWAY P. WING, D. D. - 217 " " F. W. CRAIGHEAD - 217 RESIDENCE OF A. UNDERWOOD. MECHANICSBURG - 219 A. UNDERWOOD'S SPRINGDALE FARM AND ORE BANKS - 219 RESIDENCE AND PROPERTY OF JOSEPH STROCK - 221 OF J. N. STROCK AND J. C. REESER - 221 FARM OF JOHN NISLEY - 221 RESIDENCE OF B. F. HERTZLER - 221 FARM OF LADNER BROTHERS NEAR MT. HOLLY - 223 MT. HOLLY PAPER MILLS - 224 W. A. AND A. F. MULLIN - 224 MANSION FARM OF SAMUEL EBERLY - 228 RESIDENCE OF SAMUEL EBERLY - 228 CARRIAGE WORKS OF A. B. SHERK, CARLISLE - 229 LEREW HOUSE, CARLISLE - 229 DOUBLING GAP WHITE SULPHUR SPRINGS - 237 J. W. WHELER'S DISTILLERY - 239 RESIDENCE AND MILLS OF D. FRANK KING - 239 " " FARM OF IRA L, LONG - 245 OF J. CLARK STUART - 260 " " J. D. GREASON - 260 " " DAVID KOSER - 252 " " W. A. P. LINN - 252 FARM AND RESIDENCE OF GEO. W. HEAGY - 252 VIEW OF PLAINFIELD - 267 FARM AND RESIDENCE OF ALF. H. ADDAMS - 268 and 269 PREFACE In the more general histories, it is remarkable that so seldom a reference is made to the county of Cumberland. The distinguished men which it furnished in early times could not indeed be left out of their narrative, but the county itself is not often spoken of, and the prominent part which it then sustained is scarcely noticed. And yet, from its position and the peculiar character of its people, it had to bear a principal share in the heroic sufferings and achievements of the American people of the last half of the last half century. Not only did it form a rampart against cruel enemies, but its sons went forth to the ranks and supplied eminent leaders in every important conflict, in larger numbers in proportion to its population than perhaps any other district of our country. The favorite hero of the Indian.war and the commander of the State militia in the Revolutionary war ; a signer of the Declaration of Independence and one of the first Judges of the Supreme Court of the United States; the head of the commissary department for the Middle States and the actual savior of the continental army during three of the most trying and critical years of our Revolutionary struggle ; the commander of the State's forces against the most serious rebellion of our constitutional period ; and the most successful literary institution in what was then the second state of our Union in population and social respectability, were all from what is now the county of Cumberland. It is perhaps useless and unmanly to complain of this. There has scarcely been an effort made by her own sons to supply the details of this history. They have not lacked in what has been called " the grand talent for silence." Quick enough to resent injustice when directly assailed, they have had little taste for self-assertion. They have taken but a small part in those historical investigations which have secured a just name for other portions of the State and country. Some valuable materials have been collected, but they have not been made attractive to the ordinary reader. During the late centennial celebrations large additions have been made to these, which need collection and embodiment in more general narratives. The recent custom of preparing and publishing county histories, is attended by some advantages, which their frequent offences to cultivated taste cannot altogether outweigh. In the present instance, the publisher has endeavored to secure as perfect a work as could be obtained under the circumstances of a limited time and a practicable expenditure. A slight delay became indispensable to the acquisition of materials, but an ample compensation will be found in the greater completeness of the history. He is well aware of the deficiencies which a no very sharp-sighted critic will discover in it, but the utmost diligence has been found insufficient to remove them. The failure of earlier arrangements with some writers for the Township Histories left but little time for those who took their places to do justice to their subjects. The latter deserve thanks for what they have accomplished. It is proper also that credit should be given to some who have freely made documentary and oral contributions to the work. Happily these have been so numerous that all of them cannot be mentioned here ; but among those who deserve especial mention are Dr. Robert G. Young and Rev. Moses Miller, of Mechanicsburg ; Dr. Alfred Creigh, of Washington, Pa. ; Samuel Evans, Esq., of Columbia, Pa. ; Dr. W. H. Egle, Rev. William A. West, Rev. B. F. Beck and Hamilton Alricks, Esq., of Harrisburg ; Rev. R. McCachren, of Newville ; Prof. S. D. Hillman of Shippensburg ; J. H. McAuley, Esq., of Chambersburg; George Metzger, Esq., Rev. Dr. J. A. McCauley, John Hartzler, Rev. A. H. Irvine, Amos Miller and David Miller, of Carlisle ; and Robert Gibson, of Falling Springs, Perry county, Pennsylvania. Valuable information was also received from the papers of the Blaine, the Byers, the Alexander, the Miller, the Wilson, the Anderson, the McFeeley, the Peffer, the Craighead, and other families, now in the possession of their descendants, and from papers in the library of the Historical Society of Pennsylvania, in the Court Houses in Lancaster and Carlisle, and in the public offices in the capitol at Harrisburg. These last have been kindly submitted to an examination, and have afforded items never before given to the public. The writer of the General History desires to request that any real errors affecting the truth of history which may be discovered by the readers of the work, or any additional facts likely to contribute to its usefulness and now in the possession of any, might be communicated to him by letter or otherwise, in order that if an edition, of it should hereafter be called for, he might avail himself of them in due season. INTRODUCTION The history of a single county is in some respects different from that of a State or nation. 'I he people have no independent life. They are separated from the surrounding population only by artificial boundaries, and their governing influences are principally from without. Their history must receive its essential form from the main body of which they are a part, and consist largely of annals and statistics. It must have much _to do with individuals and families and localities whose associations and relations derive their interest from ruling influences beyond its sphere. In the following narrative are embodied many details of events connected with the people of the county, but arranged according to an order derived in no small degree from the history of the State or nation. The reader is continually reminded of persons and incidents which belong to larger histories, because the smaller is intelligible only by a reference to the larger. The general periods which are kept constantly before the writer's eye, even when he makes no formal reference to them, are mainly drawn from the great periods of the national life. The first will be devoted to a description of the Valley in which the county is located, as it was before its settlement by white men, its mountains, streams, face of the country, natural productions, soil, minerals, and geological character. The second will refer to the period at which settlements were commenced, the causes of the immigration at that period, the Indians who held possession of the land, the tenure by which lands were obtained by the settlers, the kind of people by whom settlements were made, the mode in which the settlers lived, and the names and locations of the settlers themselves, as far as these can be ascertained ; extending from 1730 to 1750. The third period was that of the French and Indian wars, and exhibits the sufferings of the people and the methods taken for their relief until peace was secured ; extending from 1750 to 1774. The fourth was the period of conflict with the mother country, both for colonial rights and for national independence ; extending from 1774 to 1783. The fifth was the period in which the National and State constitutions were formed and adopted, in which an insurrection was quelled, religious and literary institutions were organized, and when the whole social fabric of the people attained a permanent and specific form ; extending from 1783 to 1810. The sixth period had its principal characteristic from the second war with Great Britain, and extended from 1810 to 1820. The seventh was a period of general growth and improvement during the peaceful times, from 1820 to 1860. The eighth and last period was that which included the rise, progress and results of the civil war, and extended from 1860 to the present time. On this path the writer has had no real predecessor. He knows of no one who has attempted to gather up the entire details of the history of the county of Cumberland, and confined himself to this single narrative. The nearest approach to it was " The History and Topography of Dauphin, Cumberland, Franklin, Bedford, Adams and Perry Counties," by I. D. Rupp, in 1846, and the merit of that work as a collection of materials is gratefully acknowledged. The amount of labor which the author performed can be appreciated only by one who has attempted a similar task. But the volume which he produced is by no means confined to a history of this county, and the part devoted to such a purpose might now be much enlarged by the same writer, could he have access to the several series of State Documents which have since been arranged and published by the Legislature, and the historical discourses and treatises which have been drawn forth by the recent Centennial celebration. The writer of the present history has made no small effort to collect these and other published accounts which seemed likely to afford assistance in his work His collections have been as extensive as he was able to make them, regardless of labor or expense; and yet he is aware that what he here presents will seem inconsiderable when compared with the amount of his labor. Often much inquiry may be given for a date or fact which must be presented in a word or a line, and many details which form the gossip or the favorite anecdote of a family or neighborhood may be improper for a general history. He has heard many a tale which would have been precious to an Irving or a Hawthorne. The interior of Pennsylvania contains treasures of legendary lore which will yet find loving appreciation. Under the surface of this quiet country life there lie traditions of wild hunters, mountain rangers, and terrible crime and suffering, which await the recognition of a congenial spirit. The first settlers in this region were of the same blood with those strange people whom Scott and Wilson have made so interesting, and they brought to this country the same essential character. The sky, but not the character of the actors, was changed. They had left the hills and glens of " the land of mist" to sojourn for a few generations in the Emerald Isle, and they had ceased to battle for conscience and for faith, but they had ample occasion for the exhibition of the same general spirit. Each hill and stream and wood of their new home is gradually becoming haunted by similar associations. With them have been connected and amalgamated, at a later period, the thoughtful but hardly less imaginative Germans, and the result is likely to be a race of no less peculiar characteristics. Never before were there such exclusively grave elements brought together to constitute a single people. The " chief fact" in their coming together was their religion, and in each case hostile influences had made their religion especially prominent and especially earnest and grave. Everywhere and always both have been distinguished by an extreme tenacity for their religious faith, even in its minor details, for their law-abiding and orderly habits of life consistent with a sturdy maintenance of personal rights, and a hearty sympathy with the oppressed and suffering of every complexion and nationality. It is not easy to make these peculiarities stand out very distinctly in a general narrative like ours, and yet thoughtful observers will perceive they have made themselves, prominent in the life of the people. General Index |
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Adair, S. D. - 175, 241 Ager, Joe - 237 Agnew, John - 82, 89, 102 Ahl, Dr. Alex. - 195 Colonel Daniel V. - 196 Dr. David - 176 Dr. John - 196 Aix la Chapelle, Peace of - 37, 39 Alexander, Colonel John - 116 General Samuel - 165-6 Samuel - 25 Alexander's Run, - 8 Allen, William - 60 Allison, John - 77, 87, 103 Almshouse, - 121 Alricks, Hermanus - 35, 60, 90 Alter, Jacob - 269 America, Divison of - 11 Amusements. - 27 Anderson Cavalry, - 136 Troops, - 136 Andre, Major John - 93 Animals, - 10 Antrim, - 30 Arms and Ammunition, - 79, 95 Armstrong, Edward - 52 George - 71 Dr. James - 185-6 Dr. John - 186 General John 43, 45-9, 53-5,57, 58, 66, 67, 69, 73, 91, 93, 102, 109 General John Jr. - 98-9, 151 Joseph 44, 53, 60, 87 William - 60 Armstrong's Fort - 50 Settlemen - 28 Assassination of Lincoln, - 148 Assembly, General - 18, 41, 48, 57, 78 Associate Presbyterian churches - 114, 126 Associations - 32, 46, 75, 78-9, 86 Atwater, Dr. T. - 106, 150, 198 Awl, Colonel A. Asbury - 254 B Back Run, - 8 Bar, - 161, 168, 169, 234 Barr, Dr. J. G. - 197 Barracks Burnt, - 143 Barrens, - 23, 243 Barton, Rev. Thomas - 51, 250 Beatty, Captain E. - 134-5 Baughman, Dr. Jacob - 189 Beaver Pond - 20 Bedford, - 65 Bell, Robert - 24 Samuel - 52 Bellman, H. W. - 179 Mrs. M. J. - 225 Benevolent Society of Carlisle - 233 Bennett, Rev. J. - 224 Betz, Dr. J. - 197 Biddle, Wm. M. - 170-1 Big Run, - 8 Big Spring, - 8, 28, 239 Rig Spring, A damantine Guards - 136 Big Spring Run, - 8 Big Will, - 244 Bigler, Wm, - 215 Bills of Credit - 97 Bingham, Wm. - 104 Black Oath, - 16 Black Run, - 8 Blaeser, Peter - 227 Blaine, Colonel Ephraim - 73, 77, 87, 96-7, 111 Dr. Ephraim M. - 186 James - 117 Lieutenant - 591 67 Blair, Rev. John - 243 Rev. Samuel - 80 Dr. Thomas - 181 Bloserville, - 271 Blunston's Licenses, - 23 Blytbe, Benj - 84, 250, 260 Boggs, John - 71, 87, 89, 102 Boiling Springs, - 8, 24, 215-16 Bonham, J. E. - 175 Boston Massacre, - 75 Boulter - 16 Bouquet, Colonel - 58, 67, 69-70, 232 Bowie, Ralph - 161 Boyd, Captain - 142, 144 Dr. Wm. H. - 189 Brackenridge, H. H, - 165 Brady, Jasper E. - 123 Samuel - 58, 89, 237, 249-50 Braddock, General - 41, 44 Brandt, Dr. E. B. - 194 Brandy Run, - 8, 235 Brandywine, Battle - 93 Brehm, Dr. S. H. - 197 Bridgeport, - 214 Bridges, - 237 Broadhead, General D. - 81 Brock, J. C. - 140 Brown, George - 71 William - 103, 107-8 Bruckart, Dr. W. S. - 198 Bryson, Major T. B. - 138, 140, 229 Buchanan, - 24, 43 William - 43 Bucher, Rev. Conrad - 59 Bug, Colonel - 118 Burd, James - 43, 44, 49, 51 Burd's Run, - 8 Burial Grounds, - 117, 268 Bushy Run Battle - 67 Butler, Colonel - 101-2 John - 265 Byers, John - 25, 44, 58-9, 71, 73, 82, 97, 99, 102 C Calhoun, Andrew - 73 Dr John - 77, 257 Callapascink Creek - 8, 203 Callender, Robert - 70, 71, 77, 88 Camp Hill, - 215 Campble, Francis - 39, 52, 246-7, 250, 256 Captives Restored, - 232 Carlisle, Borough - 35, 39, 59, 71, 229-35 Conference at - 50 Presbyterian Churches at - 126 Guards, - 129, 133 Iron Works, - 215-16 Light Infantry, - 133 Springs, - 223 Carothers, Andrew - 162-3 Carothers, John - 24, 101, 103, 115 Family, - 115 Carriages, - 72 Carson, Mr. - 79 Casey, John - 241 Caves, - 10 Cedar Run, - 8 Cemeteries, - 117, 124 Censors, - 84, 102 Centerville, - 116, 266 Church,. - 267 Cesna, John - 251, 260 Chambers Family, - 23 Benjamin - 23, 57 General James - 110, 113, 250 Randle - 23 Rowland - 25 Stephen - 160 Dr. Wm C. - 186-7,217 Chambersburg Burnt, 145 Charter of Pa., - 11, 21 Chartier, Peter - 20, 32, 33, 200, 213 Chew, Benj. - 93 Children Murdered, - 69 Chloe, - 101, 116 Christ,s Church, - 66 Church of God, - 130, 257 Churches, - 28, 114, 255, 261, 266-7 Clark, Sarah - 115-16 Wm. - 160 Cloudy, Dr J. C. - 196 Clerk of Or. Court, - 121-2 Clerk of Q. Sess, - 121-2 Cleversburg, - 200 Climate, - 7-8 Cloud Burst, - 114-5-271 Coaches, - 140, 144 Co, rain's Spring, - 9. Cochran, Colonel - 174 Colony of Pa , - 12 Colored Churches, - 131 Troops, - 140 Colwell, Captain - 135 Commissioners of Co., - 18 Commissary Department, - 96 Committee on Fort Estates, - 90, 92 of Observation, - 77, 89, 92, 96 Safety, - 79, 83 Confederation, - 77 Conference, Provincial - 83-4 Congress of Deputies, - 77-8 Continental, - 77 Representatives in - 123 Conestoga Indians, - 68 Connelly, - 227, 237 Constitution of Pa., - 108, 120 Pres. Church, - 108 U. S., - 106-7 Constitutionalists, - 106-7 Continental Money, - 97-8 Convention, Military, - 86 School Joint - 153 Cooke, Dr. Wm. H, - 189 Township, - 220 Cookson, Thomas - 34, 230, 247 Cooper, Dr. Charles R. - 189 John - 242 Rev, Robert - 242 Coover, Dr. D. - 198 (i) ii - GENERAL INDEX. Coulter, Richard - 25 Council of Safety - 86 Counties Formed - 34 County Buildings, - 117, 120 Commissioners, - 122 Seat, - 34, 36, 247 Court House, - 102, 120-1 Courts, - 35, 158, 231, 247 Expense of - 148 Coves, - 7 Craighead, John - 21, 218 Rev. John - 218 Thomas - 218 Station, - 215 Crain, Dr. Joseph - 193 Crawford, Colonel - 102 Creeks - 8 Creigh, John - 91, 93 Dr. John - 187 Thomas - 159 Criminal cases - 115 Croghan, George - 24, 43, 49, 92 Crooked Billet - 87 Culbertson, Alexander - 451 50-11 250 John - 250 Samuel - 87, 103 Cumberland county formed - 34 meeting - 76 Valley - 7 Institute - 152 Railroad - 125 Cummins, Dr. Charles - 267 Cumminstown - 266 Cutlery - 255 D Davidson, Dr. R. - 104-6, 8, 111 117 Mrs. Dr. R. - 177 Davis, Fort Philip - 50 Davis, John - 73 Davison, James - 25 Day of prayer - 43 80 Day, Dr. Ira - 193-4 Dean, Mr. - 251 Declaration of war - 50 Independence - 84-5 Deeds - 251 Delaware - 12 Indians - 13, 31, 40 Denning, William - 96 Deserters from rebels - 143 Despard, Colonel - 93 Dickey, Fort - 50 Dickinson Church - 126, 267 College - 103, 150-1, 232 John - 75, 85, 104, 1o6 Township - 263-5 Dillsburg Railroad - 125 Disciples of Christ - 267, 269 Distilleries - 109, 268 District Attorneys - 122 Divisions in churches - 32 Donelly, Edward - 116 Dorsheimer, Captain J. - 138 Doubling Gap - 8-9, 237 Douglass, William - 24 Draft - 145-6 Dress - 27, 72, 243 Dry Run - 8 Duel - 117, 161 Duffreld, Rev. George - 71 jun. - 127 Henry - 151 William - 70, 91 Dunbar, Colonel - 45 Duncan, Daniel - 246 Dr J. N. - 198 John - 117 Stephen - 71, 102-3, 246 Thomas - 107, 158, 163 Dunlap, Colonel J. - 87 Dunning, Ezek. - 59, 71 Du Quesne - 45, 58 Durbin, Rev. Dr. - 125, 15 Dwynn, Captain T. P. - 133-4 Dykeman's Trout Ponds - 259 E Eagle Wing - 16 Ealy, Dr. E. - 197 Earley, General Tubal - 145 East Pennsborough - 213 Eberly's Mills - 201 Education - 148, 156, 271 of the poor - 113, 149 Ege, Michael - 217 Peter - 217 Elder, Rev. John - 69 Electors - 18 Elliott, Colonel W. L. - 140 Dr. John - 188 Emergency men - 140 Enlistments - 94 Epidemic - 116 Episcopal Church of Carlisle - 59, 114, 127 Evangelical Association - 131 Ewell, General - 142, 143 Ewing, General - 97 Excise - 109 F Fahnestock, Samuel - 184 Dr. Peter - 197 Families of soldiers - 96 Farmer's Letters - 75 Federalists - 107 Fencibles, Carlisle - 134 Ferguson's Fort - 50 Findley, Dr. W. A. - 197 Finley, Dr. Clement - 241 Samuel - 240 Finances - 97 First corners - 23 Fish - 10, 27. 243, Flat Rock - 237, 270 Flouring Mills - 243 Flying camp - 83 Food - 27 Forbes, General - 58 Fort, Old - 268 Forts - 46, 48, 236 237 Fort Franklin - 49, 246, 247 Lowther - 46, 49 Morris - 46 Foster, Dr. Alfred 187 murderer - 187 Foulk, Dr. G. D. - 184-5 Dr. G. W. - 185 Dr. Lewis W. - 185 Willis D. - 119 Frame of Government 17-18 Frankenfield, Rev. - 59 Frankford - 270 Franklin, Benjamin - 33, 42-3, 46,68 Fort - 49, 246, 247 Freemen - 12 French - 11 aggressions of - 40 Freshet or Torrent - 114 Friedenskirche - 59, 114, 227, 8 Friends - 13, 15, 55, 57 Furnaces - 216, 261 G Galbraith, James - 73 Games - 10 Gaullaher, H. - 169-70 Geddes, Dr. John - 195, 240 General Assembly - 12 George Second - 20 Geology - 9 German Baptists - 114, 129, 267 German Reformed Church - 59, 127-8 German churches - 114 Germans - 5, 17, 22, 71, 236 Germantown battle - 93-4 Gettysburg battle - 145 Gibson, Andrew - 259 Dr. Charles B. - 191 James - 68 John B. - 162,17t Given, Dr. J. S. - 187-8 Glebe - 25 Good Hope - 228 Gorgas, William R. - 200 Grain - 96 Grammar School in Carlisle - 103 Grand Inquest - 102 Grant, Major - 58, 71 Granville, Fort - 49, 52 Great Cove destroyed - 52, 66 Gregory, Walter - 71 Green Spring - 9 Greene, General - 96 Greer, Dr. T. - 198 Grove, Dr. E. A. - 190 Guard, State - 140 Gustine, James - 182 Dr. Lemuel - 182 Samuel - 182 Sarah - 192 H Halbert, Captain J. - 120 Haldeman, J. M. - 203 Mrs. - 203 Hale, Captain M. G. - 139 Hailer, John - 162 Hamilton, Captain Hans - 49, 51, 58, 250 James - 156, 158, 162 James Jr. - 165 Hampden Township, - 226 Hand, General - 80, 81 Hanna, General - 123, 161 Hannon, Dr. Jos. - 196 Harris, John - 20, 91, 102, 103, 214 of Carlisle, - 77 Harrisburg & Potomac R. R. - 218 264 Hartley. Colonel - 88, 160 Hays, Dr. Adam - 186 Hematite - 9 Hemminger, Dr. Geo. - 191 Hendall, Geo. - 118 Henderson, Captain M. - 252 General R M. - 134-5 Hendricks, Tobias - 56, 215 Henry, John Jos. - 161 Herald of Carlisle, - 115 Herman, Dr. Alfred J. - 182 Herring, Dr Asa - 191 Dr. J. B. - 193 Hessians, - 93, 267 Hoffer, Dr. A. H. - 191 Hoge, John - 24 Jonathan - 73, 77, 102, 108 Hoge's Run, - 8 Hogg, Lieutenant James - 64 Holmes, Andrew - 118 John - 74 Holtz's Run, - 8, 214 Hoops, Adam - 43 51 Hopewell, - 28, 30, 241-2 Hopewell Academy, - 152 Horse Thieves, - 60 Housler, Captain Merrick - 138 Houses, - 26, 243 How, Dr. Sam. B. - 151 Howe, General - 85. 86 Humrich, Captain C. P. - 139 Huntsville, - 216 I Immigration, - 20 Indebtedness of County - 143 Independence Favored - 85 Indian Conferences - 39, 55 Depredations - 56, 236, 247, 250-1 Hostilities - 40, 236, 251 GENERAL INDEX - iii Indian Murders, - 51, 250 Summer, - 8 Towns, - 20, 200 Treaties, - 14 231 War, - 101 Warfare, - 47 Indians Aboriginal, - 13, 30-1 Preparations Against - 101 Inhoff, E. B. - 136 Institutes, Teachers' - 155 Intruders on Lands, - 38 Invasion of Pa., - 142, 145 Iron Cutter, - 12 Iron Ore, - 9 Iron Works, - 216 Iroquois, - 13 Irvine, General Wm. - 76-7, 82-3, 87, 102, 109 Wm. N. - 162 Dr. Wm. - 189 Irving Female College, - 152 J Jack, Captain - 58, 89 Jacobs, Captain - 52, 54, 250 Jail - 121 Jait, Professor - 105 Jamison, Dr. - 250 Jenkins, General - 142 Joel, Captain - 58 John, Doctor - 64 Johnson, Dr. J. - 188 Prof. Rob - 105 Samuel - 158 Johnston, J. - 103 Judges - 157, 122-3, 157 Junkin, Joseph - 24 Juries - 18 59 Justices - 18 35 73 74, 84 90 Resignation of - 56-7 Kauffman, Rev. A. - 220 Daniel - 218 David S. - 219-20 Kearsley, Dr. J. - 71 Kelso, Captain W. R. - 137, 254 Kennedy, Rev. Dr. J. F. - 267 John - 173-4 Kersville - 269 Kimmel, Captain D. H. - 136 Kieffer, Dr. S. B. - 189 King, Rev. Dr. John - 106 108 Kittanning, Expedition to - 53 Kittatinny Mountains - 7 Kline's Gazette - 114 Knipe, General - 140 142 Kuhns, Captain C. - 132, 138 Laird, Samuel - 90, 91 Lamb, Samuel - 24 Lamberton, General J. - 114 Colonel R. A. - 138 Landis, Captain J. B. - 139 Lands in County - 71 Soldiers' - 99 Latrobe, Surveyor - 105 Laughlin, Captain W. - 137 Lawyers in Carlisle - 137 Leather manufacture - 254 Lee, Captain Charles - 139 General F. - 144 Captain John - 137 General R. E. - 142, 259 Leeper, - 246 Leeper's Mill - 246 Leesburg - 260 Legislative Council - 18 Leidigh's Station - 221-2 Lamer, Dr. L. - 193 Lenni, Lenape - 14 Letort, James. - 20 Letort's Run - 8 Letters, conveyance of - 57 Lewis, David - 227, 237 Lexington, Battle of - 78 Lick Run - 8 Lieutenants - 20, 101 Light Infantry of Carlisle - 118, 133 Ligonier - 69, 63, 67 Limestone - 9, 23 Lincoln's Assassination - 148 Lino, Rev. William - 81-2, 238 Lisburn - 200-1 Littleton, Fort - 49 Loan office - 19, 23 Locations - 23, 261, 270 Logan, Indian - 21 Long, Dr. P. H. - 194 Lots in Shippensburg - 251-2 Lotteries - 33 Loudon, Matthew - 71 James - 71 Louis Philippe - 232-3 Lower Allen township - 200 Churches - 201 Lower Counties - 12 Lowery, Alexander - 58 Lowther, Fort - 49 52, 57, 231 Manor - 29, 59, 11, 213, 2l6 Loyalists - 92 Lutheran Churches - 114, 128 Lutztown - 221 Lyon, Samuel - 87 William - 68, 71, 84, 86, 102 M McAllister, Archibald - 25 David - 243 Fort - 20, 50 Run - 268 McCall, Dr. R. - 197 McCalment, Colonel James - 86 McCausland, General - 145 McClay, Captain, Charles - 87 McClintock riots - 177-8, 218 McComb's Fort - 50 McCommon, Dr. W. - 198 McConnell's Fort - 50 McCord's Fort - 50 McCoskry, Dr. S. A. - 103, 113, 181-2 William - 172 McCullough, Captain H. W. - 136 McDowell's Fort - 50 McFeely, Colonel George - 119 McGaw, Colonel Robert - 76, 78, 86, 103, 158-9 McLaughlin, C. E. - 179-80 McGosreck, Dr. W. - 198, 257 McGraw, James, Letter of - 244 McInnis, Robert - 244 McKean, C. Justice - 109 McKnight, John - 58, 59 Rev. John - 108 McLanahan, J. X. - 123 McLane, Jams - 84, 91, 102 McLaan. Rev. O. - 267 McNally, Dr. J. - 189 McSweney, Hugh - 52 Manufactures - 254, 266 Magnetic iron ore - 9 Mahon, Dr. D. N. - 188 John D. - 167-8 Mail - 57, 115 Mains' Run - 8 Maish, Colonel L. - 137 Market house - 121 Marking claims - 22 Mary Institute - 152 Maryland claims - 21 Mason, Dr, J. M. - 150 murderer - 65 Mason & Dixon - 22 May, Daniel - 189 David G. - 136 Means' Run - 8. 243 Mechanicsburg - 208-14 Medical Profession - 181-99 Meeting about grievances - 76 Meeting House Springs - 8 Mennonites - 129-30 Mercer, Dr. Hugh - 49, 53-4, 58 Messenger of U. Knowledge - 115 Methodist churches - 114, 128-9, 256-7 Metzger, George - 162 Middle Spring Church - 29, 256, 260-1 Run - 8 Village - 260 Middlesex - 222-3 Middleton - 37. 108 Mifflin, Governor - 110, 112 Mifflin township - 235-8 33,46-7, 49, 79, 80, 91, 94, 102, 138 Miller, Robert - 71, 73, 77 82, 103 Captain W. E. - 136, 254 William H. - 176 Milroy, General - 142 Mills - 27, 201, 237, 266, 268 Milltown - 201 Molly Pitcher - 95 Monmouth battle - 95 Money, John - 74 Monroe township - 221 Montgomery, John - 71; 76, 79, 86-7, 88, 91,103 107 General Richard - 81 Samuel - 248 Morris, Governor - 45 Fort - 49, 248-9 Mosser, Dr. John - 195 M. B. - 194-5 Moody, Rev. J. - 261 Moody, Dr. J. C. - 196, 257 Mountain creek - 8 Mount Holly Springs - 223-5 Mount Rock - 270 Run and Spring - 8, 9, 268 Murders, Indian - 51 Musgrave, Dr. J. S. - 191 Musselman - 74 Mutiny in the army - 98, 99 Myers, Emanuel - 265 Dr. Theodore - 188 N Nassau Hall - 103 Neill, Dr. William - 150 Neville, General - 109 Newburg - 241 Female Seminary - 152, 242 Run - 8 Newburgh Letters - 98 New and Old style - 36 New Cumberland - 202 New Kingston - 212 Newspapers - 72, 115, 235, 257 New Side Presbyterian Church - 59 Newville - 238-41 Nine months' men - 187 Nisbet, Dr. Charles - 104-5, 113 Normal schools - 155-6 Nugent, Thomas - 60 O Occupation of Carlisle - 142 Old Fort - 268 Oliver, Dr. J. G. - 191 One year's men - 139 Organization, period of - 103 of townships - 108 Orr, William - 24 P Pack horses - 72 Palmstown - 269 Paper money - 26, 92, 97 Paper mills - 224, 262 Parker's Run - 8 Parnell's Knob - 7 Patriotic Blues - 119 iv - GENERAL INDEX. Patterson, Colonel James - 49 Paxton Boys - 68 Dr. Jacob - 188 Peebles, Captain William - 88 Peebles' Run - 8 Peixtan - 20 Penn family - 13, 20, 77 Hannah - 13 John - 69, 93 William - 11, 12, 20. 77 township - 266-7 Penrose, C. B. - 169 William M. - 177 Pennsborough Church - 28 township - 29, 213 Pennsylvania boundaries - 11 troops - 86 Periods of history - 5 Petitions from C. county - 40-1, 53 Philadelphia - 20 occupation of - 86 Physicians - 181, 199, 240. 257 Pine Grove - 9, 220-1 Pine Ran - 8 Pipe, The - 52 Piper, Colonel Alexander - 141 Lieutenant James W. - 141 Pippin's Tract - 24 Pitt, William - 58 Fort - 58, 65, 67 Plainfield - 269-70 Academy - 270 Politics of Cumberland county - 121 Pollock, James - 24 Pomfret Castle, Fort - 99 Pontiac's War - 65 Poor House - 121, 148 Population of county - 124 townships - 124 Post Frederick - 58 masters - 124, 240 offices - 57, 124, 239, 258 Postlethwaite, Samuel - 87, 162, 103 117 Potash - 255 Potter, John - 35, 45, 51 53, 59 Powder mills - 261 Prentice, Dr. - 181, 250 Presbyterian churches - 114 Presque Isle - 65 Prices of land - 26 Pringle, Rev. Francis - 126 Printing at Carlisle - 115 Prisoners, English - 93 Proprietaries' lands - 19, 64, 71, 99-100 taxes - 64 Prothonotaries - 121 Provincial committee - 83 convention - 77 Q Quebec - 80 Quit rents - 26, 269 R Railroads, - 125, 218, 264 " " Underground - 218 Rain Fall, - 8 Ramsey, William - 165 " " S. - 123, 174-5 Rangers, - 58 Rankin, Dr. Wm. - 197-8 Dr. N. - 198 Rannells, John - 102, 158 Rebellion - 132 Recorder - 122 Recruiting - 91 Redemptioners - 17, 91 Reed, John - 125, 169 Register General - 18 Registers - 121 Regular Army - 141 Religious Dissensions - 31 " Miscellany - 115 Representation, - 36, 00 Representatives, - 60 Rescue of Murderers, - 72 Reserves - 133 Resolutions of C. County, - 76 Revenues, - 19, 23 Revolutionary War, - 85, 252 Rewards for Scalps, - 50 Reynolds, John - 246, 250, 260 Rich wine's Spring - 9 Riddle, Samuel - 159, 161 Riots, Constitutional - 107 Riopey, Capt. Wm. - 83, 87, 102, 252-3 Retner, Ex-Gov. - 155-6,269 Road Military, - 43 Roads, - 20, 29, 41, 117. 214 Roberts, Col. B. - 133-4 Robinson, Jonathan - 87 " Dr. M. F. - 197 Roman Catholic Church, - 114, 127 Ross, George - 59, 158 " Gen. - 119 James - 104 Round Knob, - 237 Runs, - 8 Rupp, I. D. - 5 Rusb, Dr. B. - 104 Rutger, Dr. Wm. S. - 195-6 S Saint Peter's Church, - 66 Salem Church, - 227 Sandstone, - 9 Sassooan, - 31 Salt, - 96 Saltpetre Manufacture, - 95 Sawyer, Dr. J. - 181 Schism, - 32, 127 Schools, - 27, 149, 151, 153, 259, 264, 266 School Houses, - 149, 150, 159 School law, - 149 " Murdered, - 69 Scotch-Irish, - 15, 22, 77 Scott, David - 66 " Capt. Matthew - 252 " Gen. Winfield, - 120 Scouller, John - 235 Seasons, - 8. 39 Servants' Enlistments, - 32, 48, 91 Settlements, Eastern - 19 Settlers, First - 24, 200, 260-1, 270 Sharp, Dr. A. E. - 195 " Dr, W. M. - 195 Shawanese, - 14, 20, 21, 31 40 Shelley, Daniel, - 92, 229 Sheriffs, - 18, 122 Soingas, - 45, 51, 52-54, 66 Shippen, Edward - 160, 245 " Purchase, - 245 Shippensburg, - 26, 242-5, 260 " Coll. Inst. - 152 Shiremanstown, - 205 Shoeppe, Dr. Paul - 180 Shirley, Fort - 49 Shriver, Dr. J. W. - 198 Sibbet, Dr. R. L - 266 Sidling Hill Battle, - 250 Silvers', James - 24 Silvers' Spring, - 8, 211 " " Church, - 28 Simpson, Dr. John - 197 Sink Holes, - 9 Six Nations, - 13 Slate, - 9 Slavery Abolished - 100-1 Slaves - 72, 218-19, 286, 265 Smead, Capt. J. R. - 141 Smith, Abraham - 88, 101 " Charles - 168-9 " Dr. David - 195 " James - 45, 58, 70-1, 73, 88-9 " " 158-9 " Capt. John - 13 " Matthew - 68 Smith, Samuel - 59, 247 " Thomas - 109, 159, l01 " William - 44, 59. 71 " Gen. W. F. - 144, 215 Snowden, Dr. J. W. - 191 Soldiers' Aid Societies, - 147 " Monument, - 147 " Orphan Children, - 147 Sons of Liberty - 75 Sour, Christopher - 17 Southampton, - 260-2 South Middleton, - 215 South Mountain, - 7, 9, 264 " " R. R., - 125 Spencer, Rev. Joseph - 151 Sporting Hill, - 227 Springfield, - 269 Springs, - 8 Squier, Rev. J. - 119 Stages, - 116 Stamp Act, - 75 Stanwix, Col. - 56, 58 State Government Erected, - 83 " Guard, - 146 " Run, - 8 " Representatives, - 123 Senators, - 123 Steel, Ephraim - 89, 103 " Rev. John - 46, 51, 53, 58, 71, 86, 87 " John - 158, 159 Steenson, Joseph - 56, 25! Steigleman, Dr. W. A. - 194 Stevenson, Geo. - 89, 112, 158, 152. 160 " Dr Geo. - 151, 182-3 Stewart, Dr. A. - 197 " Lazarus, - 68 Steyning, - 227 Stine's Run, - 8 Stoney Ridge, - 9 Stores, - 72 Streams, - 8 Stump, Rescue of - 72 Sturgis, Gen. Samuel - 141 Substitutes, - 91 Sulphur Spring, - 237 " Run, - 8 Sumner Rifles, - 132 Sunny Side School, - 152 Superintendants of Schools, - 154 Surface, - 8 Susquehanna, - 8 " Indians, - 13 Swartz, Capt J. A. - 140 " George - 155-6 Switzer's Run, - 8 Synod of N Y. and Phila., - 80 T Talbott, J. - 87 Tanneries, - 255, 268 Taverns, - 268 Taxables, - 36-8, 60-4, 248 Taxation of the Colonies, - 75 Taxes, - 30, 38, 64, 148 Tea, Duties on - 75 " Destruction of - 76 Teachers' Institutes, - 155 Teedyuscung, - 55 Temperance Societies, - 125 Temperature, - 8 Tenure of Lands, - 18, 21 Thatcher, - 80 Theological Seminary, - 128 Thompson, Ross - 161 " Gen, W. - 77, 80, 86 " Rev. Wm. - 59,66,71 Three Months' Men, - 132 Three Years' Men, - 138 Three Square Hollow Run, - 8, 235 Time Reckoning, - 36 Todd, Gen. Lemuel - 133, 146 Tories, - 77 Totten, Capt. Joseph - 134 Townships Organized, - 29-30, 124 GENERAL INDEX - v Traders, - 31, 70-1 Treasuers of County, - 122 Treaties, - 79, 21, 32, 39, 231, 245 Trees, - 10 Trespassers on Lands, - 38, 59 Trials, Slave - 265 Trimmer, Dr. J. W. - 193 Trindle Spring Run, - 8 Tuteloes, - 21 United Brethren, - 131, 267 Upper Allen, - 205-8 " Pennsborough, - 28, 32 University of Pa., - 104 V Vale, Lieut. J. G. - 136 Valley Forge, - 95 Van Camp, Dr. J. E. - 197 Van Hoff, Dr. A. H. - 194 Venango, - 65 Vethake, Prof. - 123 Volunteer, Carlisle - 115 W Wagon Masters, - 91 Wagons, - 72, 255 Walker, Rev. J. - 239, 256 Walnut Bottom Road, - 266 War With Britain, - 118 '' Delawares, - 50 " French, - 61 " North western, - 112 " Revolutionary - 85, 252 " Seven Years, - 59 Ward, Capt. Edward - 52, 53 Warner, - 74 Washington, Geo. - 109, 110-11, 232, 253 " Fort - 82 Watts, David - 159, 164 " Frederick - 86-7, 102, 707 Wayne, Gen. A. - 81, 98, 112 Weaver, Dr. J. - 191 Weekly Gazette, - 115 West, Francis - 59, 64-5, 66, 92 West Fairview, - 214 West Hitt, - 270 West Pennsborongh, - 267-70 Wheat, - 27 Whigs and Tories, - 78 Whiskey Run, - 8, 235 White Hall Academy, - 148, 152 Whitehill Robert, - 26, 71, 84, 91, 103, 107, 123 " Village, - 214 Wickersham, Col. J. P. - 140 Williams, Daniel, - 25 Willing, Thomas - 77, 85 Wilson, Rev. H. R. - 127, 256 " James - 76, 77, 85, 88, 90, 106, 108, 158 " James A. - 83, 158-9 " Rev. S. - 239 " Thomas - 25, 66 Winds, - 8 Woodburn, Capt. A. S. - 136, 254 Woolcomber, - 52 Wormley, John - 215 Worley town, - 222 Wormleysburg, - 214 Wyalusing Indians, - 68 Y Yates, Jasper - 158-9 Yellow Breeches Creek, - 8, 266 Young, Capt. James - 52 " Dr. R. G. - 24, 194 Z Zinn, Capt. H. I. - 137 Zollinger Church, - 222 " Dr. John - 222 |