MEMORIAL RECORD of CUYAHOGA OF COUNTY GENERAL MOSES CLEAVELAND, the founder of the city of Cleveland, Ohio, was born January 29, 1754, at the town of Canterbury, Windham county, Connecticut, the second son of Colonel Aaron and Thankful (Paine) Cleaveland. Colonel Aaron Cleaveland was the fifth son and tenth child of Josiah Cleaveland, who married Abigail Paine. Colonel Cleaveland was born in Canterbury, Connecticut, November 27, 1727. His father, Josiah Cleaveland, was born in Chelmsford, Massachusetts, October 7, 1690, and was the eldest son and child of Josiah and Mary (Bates) Cleaveland. With his parents he removed to Connecticut when he was a child of four years. He is said to have been a man of great ability, prominent in the affairs of the town of Canterbury, both in a civil and ecclesiastical way, and there died February 9, 1750, leaving a good estate. His father, Josiah Cleave-land, the first, was the fifth son and eighth child of Moses and Ann (Winn) Cleaveland, and was born at Woburn, Massachusetts, February 16, 1667, and, as did his brother, Samuel, he settled in Chelmsford, Massachusetts, and later removed to Canterbury, Connecticut, which remained his home till his death, April 26, 1709. He served in the Indian wars and was a much respected citizen. His father, Moses Cleaveland, who died at Woburn, Massachusetts, January 9, 1701, is said to be the ancestor of all the " Cleavelands," or "Clevelands," in America who are of New England origin. It has been written by an eminent antiquarian that the Clevelands of America have descended from William Cleveland, who removed from York to Hinckley, in Leicestershire, England, where he died and was buried in January of 1630. Thomas Cleveland, his son, became Vicar of Hinckley. William. Cleveland also had a son, Samuel, and it appears that this Samuel Cleveland was the father of Moses Cleaveland, the emigrant to America. in 1635. The name Cleaveland" it appears is of Saxon origin, and was given to a distinguished family in Yorkshire, England, prior to the Norman conquest. The family occupied a large landed estate which was peculiarly marked by open fissures in its rocky soil, styled "clefts " or " cleves " by the Saxons, and by reason of the peculiarity of the estate its occupants were called " Clefflands," which name was accepted by the family. The name was written with every possible variety of orthography, and at last the almost universal spelling of " Cleveland " became established; but General Cleaveland never wrote his name other than ".Cleaveland." Moses Cleveland, the parent tree of the family in America, landed at Boston in the year 1635, where he resided for seven years, and then, with Edwin Winn and others, founded the town of Woburn, in 1640, and there he permanently settled. In 1643 he became what was called a " freeman," the qualifications of which required that one should be of "godly walk and 4 - CUYAHOGA COUNTY. conversation, at least twenty-one years of age,, take an oath of allegiance to the government of Massachusetts Bay Colony, be worth two hundred pounds, and consent to hold office, it elected, or pay a fine of forty shillings, and vote at all elections or pay the same fine." So onerous were these conditions and restrictions that many who were eligible preferred not to become freemen, being more free as they were; but Moses Cleveland, born of noble ancestry, became a freeman, and, thinking that the ancestral blood in his veins was of superior quality, considered it proper that it should be transmitted; so after a brief courtship he wedded, in 1648, Anne Winn, a daughter of his esteemed friend, Edwin Winn. He became the father of eleven children, and from him have descended a race not only numerous but also noted, for great moral worth and excellent traits of character. This worthy progenitor was a man of intelligence and 'great enterprise. He was a housewright, or builder, by trade. Colonel Aaron Cleveland, the father of him whose name forms the caption of this personal memoir, served as a captain in the French and Indian war, and at Fort Edward was with his command in the winter of 1756—'57. He bore a conspicuous part in the struggles of the Revolution as a gallant soldier and efficient officer. 'He witnessed Governor Tryon's assault upon Horse-neck, and the plunge of General Putnam down the steep bluff, as bullets from the baffled dragoons whizzed by him, even piercing his hat. Colonel Cleveland lived to see the successful close of the war, and on the 14th day of April, 1785, died, at his native town. He married, in Canterbury, June 7, 1748 Miss Thankful Paine, a woman of culture, who survived him many years, dying in 1822, at the age of eighty-nine years. They had ten children, of whom Moses was the second son and child. When but a child Moses Cleaveland gave evi dence of a strong mind and excellent traits of character, which fixed the determination of hi; parents to give him a liberal education. Wher he arrived at the proper age they sent him to Yale College, where he graduated in 1777. His tastes and character of mind probably led him into the legal profession. At his native town he began the practice of law and very soon became a successful advocate. He gained prominence, and his abilities soon attracted.. public attention. In 1779 Congress recognized his merits by appointing him captain of a company of sappers and miners in the United States army. Under this commission he served several years, and then resigned to take up again the practice of law. Subsequently he served several terms in the State Legislature, with distinction. Aside from gaining prominence in his profession and as a legislator, he was also a prominent Mason, and was once Grand Marshal of the Grand Lodge of Connecticut. In Canterbury, Connecticut, he married, March 21, 1794, Miss Esther Champion, daughter of Henry Champion, Esq., by whom he had four children, named Mary Esther, Francis Moses, Frances Augusta and Julius Moses. Through the subordinate military grades he was promoted, and in the early part of 1796 he was advanced to the Generalship of the Fifth Brigade of the State militia. As a colony, Connecticut acquired by grant from King Charles II., of England, in 1662, that vast tract of territory lying between the same parallels forming the northern and southern boundaries of the colony and extending from the Atlantic to the Pacific ocean. The geography of the king was bad, for in granting lands to the various colonies he gave conflicting grants, and upon the formation of the Federal government several States set claim to western territory. In 1786 Connecticut relinquished her claim, Congress allowing her to retain only that part of the territory now known as the “Western Reserve," and which embraces the northeastern part of Ohio, covering 3,800,000 acres. During the Revolution there were many citizens who had suffered great losses of property by fire, and in 1792 Connecticut donated to such citizens 500,000 acres of this land, CUYAHOGA COUNTY - 5 afterward known as the "fire lands; " and in 1795 the State authorized the sale of the remaining part of the Western Reserve, and a committee to effect the sale was appointed. The "Connecticut Land Company" became the purchasers, paying the price of $1,200,000, which became a permanent fund for the support of common schools in Connecticut. To look after the interests of this company there was appointed a board of general managers, among whom was Moses Cleaveland, who was a shareholder in the land company. This board of directors, on the 12th of May, 1796, commissioned General Cleaveland to go on to said land as superintendent over the agents and men sent to survey, and make locations on the lands, and to make and enter into friendly relations with the natives on the land, and their neighbors. He was also instructed to secure such friendly intercourse amongst those who had any pretended claim to the lands as would establish peace, quiet and safety in the surveying and settling of such lands also as were not ceded by the natives under the authority of the United States. To accomplish this work he was authorized and empowered to act and transact the business by making contracts and to make such drafts on the treasury as might be necessary. The commission also placed under his directions all agents and men sent out to survey and settle the lands. Thus it is seen that to the skill, judgment and tact of General Cleaveland was completely left the management of the affairs of the company. The Western Reserve was then called "New Connecticut," and into the wilds of this territory General Cleaveland led the first surveying and exploring party. This party numbered fifty persons, of whom there were General Cleaveland, land agent; Augustus Porter, principal surveyor; Seth Pease, astronomer and surveyor; Moses Warren, Amos Spafford, John M. Holley, and Richard M. Stoddard, assistant surveyors; Joshua Stow, commissary; Theodore Shipherd, physician; Joseph Tinker, boatman; Seth Hart, chaplain; thirty-seven employes and a few immigrants. In the party there were but two women, and they were married and came with their husbands. Along with them the party brought to the wilds of the Western Reserve thirteen horses and several head of cattle, of which a few of the party took charge, and started out on their trip from Schenectady, New York, where the whole party had concentrated in June, 1796. Others of the expedition, including General Cleaveland, passed by boats up the Mohawk river to Fort Stannix (now Rome), where they transferred their boats over the portage to Wood creek, down which they passed to Oneida lake, thence over the lake and its outlets to Oswego river and on to Lake Ontario. Passing in their boats along the southern shore of Ontario, they reached the mouth of the Niagara river, up which they passed to Queenstown; they then crossed the seven-mile portage to Chippewa; then, again ascending the Niagara, passed into Lake Erie and on to Buffalo, where they joined those of their party who had gone by land, in charge of the horses and cattle. At Buffalo General Cleaveland was greeted by an opposition from a delegation of Seneca and Mohawk Indians, under Red Jacket and Colonel Brant, who in anticipation of his arrival had awaited him for the purpose of preventing him from progressing on his expedition to the Western Reserve, to which territory they set claim. The Indians, however, consented to hold a conference with General Cleaveland, who was successful in quieting their claims by presenting them with goods valued at about $1,200. Along the southeastern shore of Lake Erie the expedition was continued, and on the 4th of July, 1796, the mouth of Conneaut creek, in the Western Reserve, was reached. Here the party gave evidence of joy and patriotism by giving three deafening cheers and naming the place Port Independence, and the day and event were likewise appropriately celebrated. The American flag fanned the breezes, a bountiful dinner of baked pork and beans and other luxuries was spread, their muskets were fired in 6 - CUYAHOGA COUNTY. salute, and speeches were made. The shades of night closed a day of celebration, the first of it kind to occur on the Western Reserve. The next day these pioneers built a log cabin or so for the. immediate accommodation of the party and their supplies. This occasioned inquisitiveness on the part of the Indians in the vicinity, who sought to know why white men had encroached upon their domains. A council was provided for and General Cleaveland as the " Great White Chief " was the " chairman; " and the work of the council began with smoking the "pipe of peace." An address to the "Great White -Chief" was delivered by Cato, the son of the old Indian chief, Piqua. The Indians were conciliated by gifts of a few glass beads and ,a keg of whiskey, and the work of the surveyors was begun, each detachment of surveyors being assigned special work and instructed where to begin their survey by General Cleaveland. During the next few weeks General Cleave-land, with a select few. of his staff in boats, passed along the shore of Lake Erie to what he supposed was the mouth of the Cuyahoga river, but in an attempt to ascend the river found obstructions in the way of sandbars and fallen trees, and the water being shallow he became convinced that it was not the Cuyahoga river; and such was his chagrin that the name " Chagrin .was given to the stream, by which it has since been known. July 22d of the same year (1796) he reached the Cuyahoga river and landed on the eastern bank near its mouth. He and his staff ascended the steep bank, and for the first time they beheld a beautiful and elevated plain extending to the east, west and south, and covered with a dense forest of graceful trees. This beautiful plain, touched by the Cuyahoga river on the west and Lake Erie on the north, impressed him as being a favorable site for a city, no doubt to become of great commercial impor tance. An area of one square, mile was surveyed and laid -off in city lots. In October, 1796, the surveys were completed by the surveyors, who gave to the prospective city the name 44 Cleaveland," in honor of their chief, who accepted the compliment with characteristic modesty. Three log cabins for the accommodation of the surveyors were erected on the hillside near the river and a spring pouring forth an abundant supply of water. In 1796 four souls constituted the resident population of Cleveland ; in 1797 the population increased to fifteen, and in 1800 it was reduced to seven by removals elsewhere. In 1820 one hundred and fifty people lived in Cleveland, and in 1830 the first census taken by the United States showed it to have a population of 1,075. The completion of the Ohio canal, with its northern terminus at Cleveland, gave better commercial advantages to the place, and, giving confidence also, assured the city's future prosperity. In 1830 the first newspaper was established in Cleveland, and was known as the Cleaveland Advertiser; but so small was the sheet that in order to give room for the " heading," which was too long for the "form," the letter 64 a " in the first syllable of the word " Cleaveland " was dropped and thus the adoption of the spelling " Cleveland," which the public at once accepted. Within less than a century the city of Cleveland has grown to such gigantic proportions as to now possess a population of 300,000, and this beautiful city that inherits the name of its founder cherishes his memory with a pride that approaches reverence. In honor of him and in appreciation of his character and public services the city has erected on its beautiful public square a statue to his memory. The accompanying portrait of General Moses Cleaveland is from a likeness said to be an excellent one of him. In his bearing General Cleaveland was manly and dignified. He wore such a sedate look that strangers often took him for a clergyman. He had a somewhat swarthy complexion, which induced the Indians to believe him akin to their CUYAHOGA COUNTY - 7 own race. He had black hair, quick and penetrating eyes. He was of medium height, erect, thick-set and portly, and was of muscular limbs and his step was of a military air, all of which indicated that he was born to be a leader of men. He was a man of few words and of prompt action. The rigid, pure morality of his puritan fathers characterized this good man. He did not only achieve a great work in the founding of a great city, but many were his achievements and an honorable and useful life he lived. In life he had a'.purpose and lived for a purpose. He was of a decisive character, positive and firm, yet socially he was both pleasant and agreeable, and was everybody's friend, and everybody seemed to be his friend. He was of strong courage and amid threatening dangers he was as calm as he was shrewd in his tactics and management. He died at Canterbury, Connecticut, November 16, 1806, at the age of fifty-three years. He was born to lead a career of unusual interest, and his commission was to transform a wilderness into a civilized land. WILLIAM H. HUMISTON, M. D.—One of the most exacting of all the higher lines of occupation to which a man may lend his energies is that of a physician. A most scrupulous preliminary training is demanded and a nicety of judgment little understood by the laity. Then again the profession brings one of its devotees into almost constant association with the sadder side of life—that of pain and suffering—so that a mind capable of great self-control and a heart responsive and sympathetic are essential attributes of him who would essay the practice of the healing art. Thus when professional success is attained in any instance it may be taken as certain that such measure of success has been thoroughly merited. The subject of this resume, who ranks with the eminent and successful practitioners of Cleveland, was born in Wellington, Lorain county, Ohio, July 27, 1855, the son of Henry I). and Miranda L. (Davison) Humiston, who are now residents of New Haven, Connecticut, and from prominent New England ancestry. The family is of Scotch, Irish and English extraction and Great Barrington, Berkshire county, Massachusetts, was the abiding place of the lineal descendants for many generations. Our subject grew to maturity and received his preliminary educational training in Lorain and Wayne counties, Ohio. His supplementary literary education was secured in Wayne county and at Worthington, Minnesota. From Worthington he went to the University of Michigan, where he passed two years as assistant to Corydon L. Ford, professor of anatomy. He then went with Professor Ford to the Long Island College Hospital, New York, where he secured the highest honors with the graduating class of 1879, and was soon thereafter tendered the position of house surgeon, simply upon merit. The Doctor began the practice of his profession in the city of Cleveland in the fall of 1879, and his enterprise and marked ability soon secured recognition in the way of bringing to him a large and representative clientele. In the spring subsequent to his location here he was elected a member of the Board of Health, being the youngest representative in that important body. In this capacity he served for six years, when his health became impaired. He went abroad for a season of recuperation and for the purpose of further prosecuting his studies and especially pressing forward his investigations in the line of gynecology. He was absent two years, which time was passed in London, Paris) Berlin, Vienna and Dublin. In 1887 he was made a fellow of the British Gynecological Society, and also of the British Medical Association. After his return to his home he opened a private hospital for the treatment of the diseases of women, with especial attention to those disorders which demand the intervention of surgery. He is still conducting this hospital, which is located at No. 874 Scranton avenue. 8 - CUYAHOGA COUNTY. Dr. Humiston is president of the Cleveland Medical Society, a member of the American Medical Association, of the Ohio State Medical Society, of. the Cleveland Society of Medical Sciences and the Northeastern Ohio Medical Association, consulting gynecologist to the City Hospital and vice-president of the Hospital Staff. In social and fraternal affiliations the Doctor is identified with I. 0. 0. F., with that notable organization, the First Cleveland Troops, and with the Union Club. He is vice-president of the Pearl Street Loan and Savings Company. He was married at Circleville, Ohio, in 1884, when he wedded Miss Harriet Miller, the ac•complished daughter of Adam Miller, a prominent resident of that place. Dr. and Mrs. Humistoti have two children: Florence L. and William T. The attractive family home is located at 1047 East Madison avenue, and .the Doctor also has a very delightful summer cottage at Dover Bay Park. REV. F. WESTERHOLT, who is pastor of the St. Peter's (German) Catholic Church of Cleveland, was born in Westplalia, Germany, May 31, 1827, and has been Rector of the above church for twenty-six years, having become its pastor in 1867. Rev. Westerholt is the son of Hermann H. and Gertrude (Panning) Westerholt. His father died in 1829, at the age of forty-nine years, and his mother died at the age of fifty-seven years. Having lost his mother when a child, he was subsequently induced to come to Cleveland, by an uncle, a brother of his mother, and here he lived from 1851 to 1855. He became a priest in Defiance in that year, and remained there for three years, and during this time he had nine missions. In 1858 he went to Delphos, Allen county, Ohio, where he remained nine and a half years, and had one large congregation of over 300 families, besides several missions. Before coming to America Rev. Westerholt had received a fair education in Germany, but on coming to this country lie completed his ecclesiastical education at St. Mary's Theological Seminary. For a time he lived with his uncle, G. H. Panning, in Mercer county, Ohio, during which time he taught one term in the Catholic schools of that county. He was ordained priest, July 8, 1855, and from Delphos, Ohio, he returned to Cleveland to become pastor of St. Peter's Church and Vicar General. He was installed in this position January 16, 1868, the successor of Rev. J. H. Luhr, the first pastor, and has retained the rectorship of this church from that date to this. In 1869 Rev. Westerholt accompanied Right Rev. Bishop Rappe to Rome, Italy, to assist in the Vatican Council, as companion of Bishop Rappe. Before returning to America a visit was paid Egypt and the Holy Land, many places of historic importance being visited. In June, 1870, they returned to America and at once Rev. Westerholt resumed his duties as pastor at Cleveland. On taking charge of the parish in 1868 the congregation was small and the house of worship was inferior; now the congregation is one of the largest, and the church building is one of the best in the State of Ohio. At first the congregation consisted of about 200 families; now there are over 600 families. Rev. Westerholt was the originator of the St. Francis (German) Catholic Church on Superior street near Becker avenue, and has done much efiectual work in the upbuilding of the Catholic Church in Cleveland. When he first came to Cleveland there were but two little frame church buildings of their church in the city; now there are twenty-nine flourishing congregations, all having good church buildings. He was the one to introduce in Cleveland the Sisters of Notre Dame, who have an academy here. It is remembered that their work was highly praised and admired at the World's Fair at Chicago. In the success of introducing the Sisters of Notre Dame in Cleveland Father Westerholt can take just pride, for they have done much good for education in the city. Since 1870 he has had an assistant. CUYAHOGA COUNTY - 9 Father Westerholt is one of the oldest and most worthy fathers in the Catholic Church of Cleveland. He has noted remarkable changes and a marvelous growth in his church, indicative of hard work and successful laborers, in which he has always taken just pride. He has served his church longer, in point of time, than any father now in the city. He is a man of worth and is highly esteemed for many sterling qualities of head and heart. JOHN WALKER. —Longfellow wrote: "We judge ourselves by what we feel capable of doing, while others judge us by what we have already done." If this golden sentence of the New England poet were universally applied, many a man who is now looking out of himself with haughty stare down upon the noble toilers on land and sea, sneering at the omission of the aspirate, the cut of his neighbor's coat, or the humbleness of his dwelling, would be voluntarily doing penance in sackcloth and ashes, at the end of which he would handle a spade, or, with pen in hand, burn the midnight oil in his study, in the endeavor to make two blades of grass grow where only one grew before, or to widen the bounds of liberty, or to accelerate the material and spiritual progress of his race. A bright example of one of the world's workers, is the man whose name introduces this biographical sketch. Mr. Walker was born in old England, in the broad-acred county of Yorkshire, noted for its hospitality. The date of his birth was August 3, 1847, and the town Middlesborough-on-Tees: His father, James Walker, was a son of a blacksmith and was born August, 1824, in the factory town of Keighley, Yorkshire. He was one of six brothers, all mechanics. James Walker was a plain iron founder, who could sleek a mold, fix a core, pour a casting, or make a contract as well as any man in the iron districts of England. He died at Middlesborough, January 6, 1877. His mother, Jane Walker, was born September 25, 1828, near Newcastle-on-Tyne, but the family-left their old homestead, about the year 1832 for the new town of Middlesborough, which Gladstone about that time described as " the youngest child of England's enterprise," -and which to-day is known throughout the world as the Ironopolis of England. Her father was a potter by trade, and an enthusiastic musician and prominent Oddfellow, until the time of his death, November 27, 1850. Her mother died sixteen years later. Jane Walker was a true and devoted wife, and has proved an affectionate mother and friend. James and Jane Walker were married December 31, 1846, at St. Hilda's Church, Middlesborough-on-Tees, Yorkshire, England. Mr. Walker is the only child of these estimable parents. The son was educated first in a common school and after a course of study in the private academy of Thomas Ainsworth, a teacher of the old regime, he served seven years and a half apprenticeship in the workshops of Bolckow, Vaughan & Company, the largest iron concern in the world, with a capital of $15,500,000. Although twenty-four winters have come and gone since Mr. Walker crossed the Atlantic to seek his fortune under the " 6 Stars and Stripes," the happy customs of his native land have not forsaken him, for his present residence and grounds, near the southern shore of Lake Erie, is the scene every Fourth of July of a great gathering of English folk from all sections of northern Ohio, and Sons of St. George from all parts of the State ever find a hearty welcome in his hospitable home. Esteemed for qualities of heart and mind alike, Mr. Walker is to-day one of the most popular Americans of English stock in this country. Upon coming to the United States he settled in Philadelphia, and for a time was in the employ of William Sellers & Company, where he invented his famous Gear Scale, for setting out graphically the form of teeth for gear wheels. Subsequently Mr. Walker was connected with William Wright & Company, of Newburg, New 10 - CUYAHOGA COUNTY. York; then with Pool & Hunt of Baltimore, and later with Nordyke & Marmon of Indianapolis. In the year 1882 it became his purpose to organize a company for the manufacture of specialties under his own patent rights. He was successful in interesting the following gentlemen: J. B. Perkins; Gen. M. D. Leggett, now a prominent attorney of Cleveland, who was Commissioner of Patents under General Grant; Hon. George W. Gardner, ex-mayor of Cleveland; Mr. H. T. Taylor, Mr. T. Kilpatrick, and others. A company was formed September 20, 1882, and to-day that company has a world-wide reputation as " The Walker Manufacturing Company " of the city of Cleveland. Mr. Walker has quite a genius for mechanics, combined with remarkable executive ability. It was five years after the organization of the above pained company that he brought out the great invention with which his name has been identified, and for which the Walker Manufacturing Company is specially renowned. This invention was conceived by Mr. Walker as the result of his observations in the Cable Power House in Kansas City, Missouri, where he was watching the sparks flying from the winding drums, due to the friction of the cables. To him the question arose how this disastrous weal and tear could be prevented. He at once conceived the idea of a drum with differential rings and straightway proceeded to his room in the Coates Hotel, where he made a drawing of this conception, a photograph of which may be seen at the works of the Walker Manufacturing Company. This company are makers of cable railway machinery, machine molded gears and pulleys, Walker's patent cranes, and genera power-transmitting machinery, etc. J. B. Per. kips is president of the company; John Walker vice-president and general manager; Z. M Hubbell, secretary and treasurer; and W. H Bone, works manager. The company was incorporated in 1882, with a capital of $125,000 The works were at once established, and entered upon a career of unusual prosperity. It was soon found that, in order to meet the rapidly growing demands upon their resources, the establishment must be enlarged. In accordance with this need, the company purchased, in 1886, the entire plant of the Whipple Manufacturing Company, adjoining their original works. They rebuilt, repaired and refitted the shops, thus nearly doubling their manufacturing capacity. Since then, an immense machine shop and foundry have been built and equipped with massive machinery for finishing heavy work. Over 600 hands are employed in all departments, and their productions are sold throughout the "United States and in all parts of the civilized world. This company has built and put in operation cable machinery for the Metropolitan Street Railway Company, Kansas City, Missouri; St. Louis Cable & Western Railway, St. Louis, same State; Washington & Georgetown Railroad Co., Washington, D. C.; People's Railway Company, St. Louis, Missouri; Baltimore City Passenger Railway Company, Baltimore, Maryland; Catskill Mountain Cable Railway Company, Catskill, New York; Cleveland City Cable Railway Company, Cleveland, Ohio, and others, making twenty complete cable plants in all. Besides this special work, they manufactured a full line of hydraulic machinery, traveling cranes, foundry equipment, etc., and make a specialty of shafting, pulleys, hangers, and machine molded gears; mostly produced under Mr. Walker's patents, which up to date (1893) number sixty-two, and to whose skill the phenomenal success of this concern is mainly due. Mr. Walker is the inventor of the patent molding machine used by the company, by means of which are produced large quantities of light and heavy gears, of improved design and accurate pitch, and much more rapidly than by any other process. Prior to the year 1888 Mr. Walker's time and genius had been almost exclusively devoted to the building up of an engineering business, CUYAHOGA COUNTY - 11 the interesting story of which is told above, and which will be welcome to all who can appreciate hard work and that indomitable perseverance which have practically made the English race the masters of the world. So far as Mr. Walker's business career is concerned, we have indicated enough to give a clear conception of his well earned success. _There are other features, however, of his career in life to which we proudly call attention. In 1887 transpired the world-wide celebration of the Queen's jubilee. The British-American citizens of Cleveland, and the joint committee of the English, Scotch, Welsh and Manx societies, looking around for a worthy representative of old England, selected John Walker, the rising manufacturer, as chairman. His fine presence, honest English face, hearty manner, unblemished record and growing popularity, eminently fitted him for this position, and the souvenir and newspaper records of that time indicate the wisdom of the choice, for a more brilliant celebration was not held outside the British isles, English and American alike, vying with each other in doing honor to the noble queen of England. Mr. Walker retains with pride the following telegram: " WINDSOR, ENGLAND, June 27, 1887. "MR. JOHN WALKER, Cleveland, Ohio:—The Queen thanks the British and American residents of Cleveland for their kind telegram." From that royal time Mr. Walker has been regarded as the foremost representative of the English community in Cleveland, with its 300,000 inhabitants. When Past Grand President Harry Phipps requested Mr. Walker to join the Order Sons of St. George he unhesitatingly consented, and was initiated into Albion Lodge, No. 44, February 6, 1888. November 4, 1889, he was publicly presented by the members of the Albion Lodge, No. 44, with an illuminated certificate of the order, elegantly framed, as a token of respect and esteem; and, although the responsibilities of the immense industry bearing his name have prevented regular attendance at the lodge meetings, his means and influence are always at the service of the seven lodges in Cleveland; in fact, his name is a household word in the English-American homes of the city, for many a forlorn countryman in need of help has found John Walker a true Samaritan. The story of General Walker's career in the Army of Uniformed Sir Knights has been told with such minutiae in the columns of newspapers and journals that it is needless to recapitulate them in detail in this brief mention of his honorable life. His appointment to the command of the Ohio Division in February, 1892, his unanimous election to the post of Lieutenant-General, commanding the Army, on October 18, 1892, at the Detroit General Military Council; his great triumph at Chicago in 1893 in bringing about the unification of the divided forces of the army, are all as a pleasant tale. If he has achieved nothing more than the unity of the brotherhood in the bonds of peace, he has done a work that will redound to his honor and renown in the history of this organization. It must be admitted that General Walker is a leader of ability and great executive power. He has a magnetic power of drawing to his standard men of real worth and ability, a fact which is a powerful testimony to his sterling character, and when to this is added the splendid record of self-sacrificing work done by Mr. Walker, it is fitting not only that he has been elevated to the important post of Lieutenant-General, commanding the Army of the Uniformed Sir Knights, Order Sons of St. George, but that he has been elevated in the highest esteem, confidence and deference of his fellow citizens. Mr. Walker married Rose Hannah Calvert, of Further Gate, Blackburn, Lancashire, England, on September 21, 1867. Mrs. Walker was born September, 1845. Her father, Benjamin Calvert, was a cotton power-loom weaver. In 1891 Mr. Walker and his family made a three-months tour in Europe, visiting London, Paris, 12 - CUYAHOGA COUNTY. and other famous continental cities. The pleasant feature of the tour was the joy with which they were greeted and the public receptions given in their honor in the towns of Blackburn, Lancashire and Middlesborough, where Mr. Walker spent his happy youthful days, all evidencing that he came here with a clean record. While in Blackburn, England, he laid a memorial stone for a new Methodist school, an extension of the one he attended twenty-four years previously. A mallet with a suitable inscription on a silver plate was presented as a souvenir of the occasion. Mr. and Mrs. Walker are members of the Methodist Episcopal Church of Cleveland, and contribute largely of their means and influence to the cause of church, as well as of education. We offer the above as a brief review of the achievements of General Walker as an American citizen, as a Son of St. George and Uniformed Sir Knight, to which is added his achievements - as a mechanical engineer, and all is a heritage which any man can hand down to his children with pardonable pride. ORESTES C. PINNEY, one of the most prominent attorneys of the Forest City, is also one of the most prominent citizens of northern Ohio. To pursue a chronological order in giving our brief sketch of him, we will first state that his father was a native of New England, born in West Farmington, Connecticut, in 1805. In 1834, with his wife and two children, he emigrated to Ohio, coining with an ox team. In 1840 he located on 100 acres of land in Hart's Grove, Ashtabula county, which place was at the time a dense forest excepting that one acre had been partially cleared; and this point was his home until his death, when he was seventy-four years of age. His father, the grandfather of Orestes, was a Captain in the Revolutionary war, whose brother was a Lieutenant in the same contest. Mr. Orestes C. Pinney, the youngest of his parents' nine children, was born April 27, 1851, reared on the farm and attended the Geneva (Ohio) Normal School. Leaving the farm in Hart's Grove in the autumn of 1867, he was employed a few days in the erection of a milldam at Windsor Mills in Ashtabula county, and spent the remainder of that fall digging potatoes in Harpersfield and Madison, and earned besides his board $47.90. The ensuing winter he taught the Wheeler Creek public school in Geneva, four months, earning besides his hoard $100. From this start he continued his education, taking up the study of the higher branches, without a teacher, and also studying law, till he was admitted to practice at the bar, in September, 1873. He immediately opened an office at Geneva, where he practiced his chosen profession until February, 1890, when he accepted an offer to become the First Deputy in the United States Customs office at Cleveland, which position he held for a year and ten months, resigning to resume the practice of law in this city. Soon he entered the law office of Harvey D. Goulder, where he remained fifteen months, and then opened an office independently in the Perry-Payne building, where he is now practicing his profession, with success. In 1876 he was united in marriage with Miss Grace P. Cowdery, of Perry county, Ohio, and they have three sons, their pride and their joy. RUFUS WAY SMITH, landscape, marine and animal painter, was born in Bedford, Cuyahoga county, Ohio, May 26, 1840. His father, Dr. Alvah Smith, married Mary Hamblin Way, from whom the subject of this sketch takes his middle name. On the father's side his ancestry were of Revolutionary stock, his grandfather having served honorably through the entire war for independence,—entering the service at the age of sixteen, pass- CUYAHOGA COUNTY - 13 ing through the terrible winter at Valley Forge, and being present at the surrender at Yorktown, Virginia. Another ancestor on the father's side left England in 1643, because of his adherence to liberal principles in regard to church and State, settling in the colony of Massachusetts. His father's mother, whose maiden name was Chloe Van Huysen, was from Holland, a member of her family having been an artist of eminence; and through her it is probable that Mr. Smith inherits his artistic talent. She was a woman of refinement and rare culture for those days, as is shown by evidences in the possession of the family, speaking and writing both her own and other languages with ability. On both sides Mr. Smith's parents were from New England, his mother having settled in the Connecticut Western Reserve in 1814, and his father in 1828. They removed to Cleveland in 1850, and the son entered the studio of the late Jarvis F. Hanks, an artist of considerable local repute at that time, and personally standing very high among his fellows. Here were passed many pleasant, happy days, drawing from the flat and from the antique, varied now and then by paint-grinding, brush-washing and other drudgery incidental to "life in an artist's attic." But the death of his teacher and kind friend prevented at that time his further study of art; and the removal of his parents to Cincinnati, where educational advantages were supposed to be superior, and the determination of his father that his son must begin life with a good education, placed many years between the boy's first efforts toward art and his subsequent renewal of those studies. After leaving Cincinnati the family settled in Bedford once more, and at the age of fourteen Rufus entered Twinsburg Institute. After a year there he went to Hiram College, in which the late President James A. Garfield was a professor, whom to know was to love and revere. Here the grand manhood of Garfield served as an inspiration, and to his brave and cheering words, his forceful, clear and logical teaching, Mr. Smith ascribes very much that has been most truly serviceable to him in the battle of life. While at college he began writing for publication, contributing a number of articles to the Cleveland Plaindealer, then edited by J. W. Gray, and upon which Charles F. Browne ("Artemus Ward") was an editorial writer, and later to the Cleveland Herald, before its consolidation with the Leader. When nineteen years old Mr. Smith went to Illinois and taught school; was offered the position of head master in the seminary then flourishing at Lake Zurich, which be declined, fearing that it would interfere with the line of study he had marked out for himself, and possibly induce him to continue life on a pathway entirely different from that which he wished to walk. Somewhat subsequent to this, while still in Lake county, he was offered the nomination for School Commissioner, which also he declined, on the score of youth. During his last year at school, and while teaching, he had procured law-books and read them as chance offered, having been led to this field by the advice of friends who believed him possessed of very marked ability in that direction. December 13, 1860, he married Miss Martha A. White, of Bedford; and now the urgency of new duties hindered to some extent his legal studies; but after a time he entered his name as a student in the office of the Hon. William Slade, Jr., and Hon. N. B. Sherwin, and also in the Ohio State and Union Law College, then under the presidency of the late General John Crowell. Mr. Slade's absence in Europe as consul to Nice, and the taking of office by Mr. Sherwin, made it necessary to seek another opening, and he entered the office of the late Albert T. Slade, one of the finest men and among the first lawyers then at the bar. Here again the "exigencies of war" interfered with study; but on the 28th of June, 1864, after a most thorough examination by a committee appointed by the District Court then sitting at Newark, he was admitted to the bar of Ohio; 14 - CUYAHOGA COUNT Y. and Mr. Smith feels a justifiable pride in the fact that one of that committee was the Hon. Allen G. Thurman. After acting as Deputy Clerk of the Court of Common Pleas of Cuyahoga county for a year or more, he "hung out his shingle" as an attorney, and so continued until his love for art became a force too potent- to be resisted, and against the warmest remonstrances of his friends he abandoned the law,—" not that he loved Caesar less, but that he loved Rome more." During his legal studies and practice he had written occasionally for the Cleveland Herald, the Rural New Yorker, and the Nation during its first year; but his first and true love was art, and under its influence he relinquished a career already quite assured for one that was new and untried, and in which failure would be disgrace, —this, too, at a time in life when many a man would have faltered, and perhaps looked longingly back to the known and certain; but, having made the decision and started, there has been no moment in which he has hesitated or felt tempted to return. With the exception of two years' study in Philadelphia and New York, Mr. Smith is entirely self-taught, as are many of the best American artists. Nature has been his inspiration. It might be interesting if we could recite the story of the sadness of these days of struggle, —the fatigues and failures, the heartaches, and his determination to win against it all, and the final "coming out of bondage;" but Mr. Smith reserves these episodes, feeling that, if through them all there runs a thread of pathos, it is no more, perhaps, than is common to many lives, nor more pathetic than the events "incident to the venture" usually are when one "swaps horses while leaping with them over a stream." Viewed from his present position, however, there is much sunshine and gladness: there certainly are no regrets, even though so many days were dark. Among the first works of this artist which attracted the favorable notice of the critics while on exhibition in Philadelphia, was "The Old Mill," illustrating a verse or two from the ballad of Ben Bolt, one notice of which closed as follows: "This picture, painted by Mr. Rufus Way Smith, is one of the most perfect idealizations of landscape that can be found,—at least such is the opinion of connoisseurs and art critics of note. Indeed, for graceful drawing, strong but fine grouping and a wonderful vividness of color that is yet without a glaring element, it cannot be excelled." After returning to Cleveland Mr. Smith devoted himself almost exclusively to landscapes for some years, but finally turned his attention to animals, more especially sheep, and with such decided success that lie is now best known in that line. Many of his pictures are owned in New York, Boston, Philadelphia, Washington, Rochester, Toledo, St. Louis, Chicago and other cities, but chiefly in the city of his residence, where their possessors are among the most refined and wealthy people, such as Mrs. President Garfield, Hon. R. C. Parsons, Hon. Charles A. Otis, Hon. C. C. Baldwin, Hon. William E. Sherwood, Hon. B. D. Babcock, George Hoyt, W. P. Southworth, Hon. W. S. Streator, H. C. Ranney, Hon. Rufus P. Ranney, Dudley Baldwin, Colonel Myron T. Herrick, Hon. John C Covert, James B. Morrow, Samuel B. Mather, Levi T. Schofield, Richard Bacon, Hon. James D. Cleveland, E. I. Baldwin, John D. Rockefeller, Professor Cady Staley, Professor Potwin, Professor C. F. Olney, William Bowler, Hon. John Huntington and scores of others. Mr. Smith was also connected for one year with the Western Reserve School of Design for Women, as teacher of landscape painting, and delivered a series of lectures before the school upon the more practical methods in art. In 1884 he was appointed by President Arthur as one of the Art Commissioners of Ohio for the New Orleans World's Fair and Cotton Centennial. His work has been exhibited at the galleries of the American, Art Association, the New York Water-Color Club, Pennsylvania Academy of Fine Arts, and at the various expositions CUYAHOGA COUNTY - 15 about the country whenever the demands of his patronage would permit. For a year or more he was the art editor for "Town Topics," his articles gaining for him flattering recognition as a critic, showing discriminating and analytical powers of a high order. During his summer trips to the coast of Maine, the island of Nantucket, and along the shores of New England, in search of motifs for his more important works, he has found time for a pleasurable indulgence in literature, contributing a poem now and then to the Ladies' Home Journal of Philadelphia, and as an honored special correspondent of the Cleveland Leader, to the columns of which he has always found a generous welcome. In speaking of Mr. Smith's work in art we could hardly do better than to quote the words of a recent critique upon them: "His last, however, upon which unusual thought and care have been expended, will be recognized as a great study by those who appreciate the quiet sentiment and poetry of nature. His pictures are not noticeable for size, strange, far-fetched scenes, or for unusual and odd methods of treatment; but they are noticeable and wonderful for their simplicity, sincerity and beauty; and in these days of temptation, noise, hurry and want of study in art a man is remarkable who resolutely sets himself through years of patient waiting and labor to express any good purpose. To this object Mr. Smith has devoted himself; and, since deciding to make a specialty of expressing the subtle and mysterious sentiment of out-door nature, the approval that has met his efforts speaks volumes for his present and for his future." Mr. Smith possesses a "scrap-book" filled with favorable notices of his work, clipped from the Philadelphia Press, the New York Graphic, the New York Sun and other journals, which he prizes very highly. In personal appearance Mr. Smith is of medium height,1 with broad shoulders, a well-shaped head, with extra depth' from the high forehead to the base of the brain, dark-hazel eyes which light magically when in the presence of congenial friends or when inspired by some theme of interest, brown hair and moustache tinged with gray, mobile lips moderately full but expressive, and a chin which shows a firm will and unlimited perseverance. Among his personal characteristics are: Sincerity, appearing to be almost an assumption of brusqueness to those who do not know him well; an intense hatred of all shams, social or otherwise; a detestation of cant and bigotry; an absolute devotion to those friends who are worthy; and a decided tendency to liberalism in thought, believing that others may hold opinions in opposition to his own and yet be sincere. He does not " wear his heart upon his sleeve," and therefore has never made—has never cared to make—a multitude of summer friends; but those he has made are among the chosen few who know him as he is; and these friendships have been beatitudes: they are firm and eternal. JOHN WALWORTH AND ASHBEL W. WALWORTH.—The student of Western Reserve history finds frequent mention of the Walworths, father and son, and always with some honorable and useful connection. The former, Judge John Walworth, was one of the strong and venturesome men who came to the wilderness of Ohio in the early days of the present century and gave the moral, independent and cultured bias that has been the predominant feature of this section of the State. New England education and practical sagacity were the weapons with which such men worked, and the results have been seen in the rapid growth and commanding influence ever held by the Reserve in State and national affairs. The son, Ashbel W. Walworth, was a worthy successor of a noble sire and added new honor to a good name. In this record of the strong men who laid such good foundations and built so well thereon, the lives of father and son fit 16 - CUYAHOGA COUNTY. in so well together that the story of the two can best be told as one. The family is of English descent and can trace its line of ancestry back to Sir William Walworth, Lord Mayor of London in 1381, who was knighted by Richard [I. for striking down the rebel Wat Tyler. The first named of the family mentioned in America was William Walworth, a descendant of the above, who came from London to this country at the close of the seventeenth century and settled on Fisher's island as a tenant of Governor Winthrop. The numerous incursions of Captain Kidd, the pirate, upon the unprotected islands and coasts made his residence unsafe and he removed to Connecticut. John Walworth, one of his direct descendants, was of Connecticut birth and was born on June 10, 1765. He was married to Julianna Morgan, of New London, and in 1800 came to Ohio, where he had previously located and purchased a farm at the mouth of the Grand river, now known as Fairport, four miles north of Painesville. That point then promised to be a better place of investment than Cleveland, the excellence of the harbor leading to the expectation that it would be of more signal growth and might become the foundatiot. of a great city. The early settlers were so near the stirring scenes of '76 that they never forgot their patriotism, and the anniversary of the Declaration of American Independence was celebrated with more fervor in the early days of the century than is displayed in these later times. In 1801 the first Fourth of July outburst ever noted in Painesville occurred at the residence of John Walworth. He had purchased a tract of land embracing near 1,000 acres, and out of this had selected about 300 acres as a farm for his own use, where he erected a log cabin on the high bank immediately overlooking Grand River. It was in this cabin that the people of all the neighboring country decided to hold their patriotic celebration. A. W. Walworth was born in Stonington, Connecticut, on December 6, 1790, and was consequently ten years of age when the long western trip was made to Ohio. He remembered it distinctly and took great pleasure in after years in narrating incidents connected therewith. He was naturally apt and ready, and began at an early age to be of help to his father in the many public trusts that devolved upon him, gaining in this way an experience that was of the utmost value to him when compelled to carry public responsibilities of his own in later years. The year of John Walworth's arrival in Ohio, 1800, was one of no small importance, as it saw the settlement in this section of a number of men of commanding strength and influence and the forward movement along a number of lines of progress. Mr. Walworth settled at Fairport, Edward Paine located at Painesville, Benjamin Tappan at Unionville and Ephraim Quinby at Warren. Being a man of good education, sound judgment and good address, Mr. Walworth soon found himself one of the leading spirits of the community, and his physical strength was not such as would permit him to undergo the severe labors of a farm in a new country at a time when labor-saving machinery had not been heard of. He therefore naturally drifted into public life. He filled many positions of trust with signal fidelity and in such a manner as to gain for him the unquestioned praise and respect of the community. A number of .the commissions issued to him have been preserved by his descendants and are historic relics of great interest. The following dates have been taken from these commissions: On July 4, 1802, he was made Justice of the Peace for Trumbull county; on April 14, 1803, he was appointed by Governor Edward Tiffin to the position of Associate Judge of the Court of Common Pleas for the County of Trumbull, for the period of seven years. As a judge the appointee showed excellent judgment and was highly spoken of by contemporary opinion. On November 14, 1804, Judge Walworth was appointed Postmaster at Painesville. His commission was made by Gideon Granger, then Postmaster General of the United States, and CUYAHOGA COUNTY - 17 the office was held until the removal of the appointee to Cleveland in 1806. In 1805 the Government decided that this coast should no longer be left open to free trade with Canada. A collection district was established for the south shore of the lake, called the District of Erie, and Judge Walworth appointed Collector. His commission was signed by Thomas Jefferson, President, and countersigned by James Madison, Secretary of State. Judge Walworth had for some time contemplated a removal to Cleveland, and on this appointment decided on a change. He disposed of his interests on the Grand river, and soon after made a purchase of a farm of 300 acres, almost literally bounded and defined by the limits of the First ward of Cleveland under the recent redistricting—Huron, Erie and Cross streets, and the Cuyahoga river. He brought his family here in 1806, and made this place his home for the remainder of his life. One of his daughters, Julianna, afterward the wife of Dr. David Long, and mother of Mrs. Mary H. Severance, has left a record of that trip in which she says: "My father, John Walworth, moved to Cleveland from Painesville in April, 1806. We came up in an open boat, which was wrecked, and my father came near being drowned. He was so weak when he came out of the water that he could barely crawl on his hands and knees." He was known by everybody and was soon as busy and useful in the new home as he had been in the old. He was made Postmaster of Cleveland before actually settling here. On October 22, 1805, the commission was issued and Judge Walworth became Postmaster of Cleveland. January 17, 1806, saw him commissioned " Inspector of the Revenue for the Port of Cuyahoga," over Thomas Jefferson's hand, and under the countersign of James Madison, Secretary of State. His appointment as "Collector for the District of Erie " bears the same date, and comes from the same source of power. On January 23, 1806, Governor Tiffin appointed him Associate Judge of the Court of Common Pleas for Geauga County, to hold for seven years "if he shall so ong behave well." .Cuyahoga County was at that time attached to Geauga, for judicial purposes. Judge Walworth was public-spirited in many ways, and was engaged in any measure that had in view the advancement of the interests of this section. When the scheme was originated in 1807 for the improvement of the Cuyahoga and Tuscarawas rivers, so as to give better connection between Lake Erie and the Ohio river, he was one of the leaders therein, and made agent and a member of the board of commissioners that had it in charge. Although he held several offices, the amount of business in each was so small that he was not compelled to neglect any of them. His report to the Government for the season running from April to October, 1809, shows that the total amount of goods, wares and merchandise exported from this country to Canada was but $50. In 1810, on the organization of Cuyahoga county as such, Judge Walworth was made Clerk of the Court and also Recorder. This laid one more responsibility upon him, but nothing suffered in his hands. He found time for Labor or recreation in other fields. He was one of the founders of the first Masonic lodge in northern Ohio, organized in Warren in 1803, and was one of its officers. He was a friend to education, and one of the founders of the institution out of which Western Reserve College afterward grew. In 1801, when the entire population of the Western Reserve was not over 1,500, the Rev. Joseph Badger. the famous missionary preacher, presented a petition to the Territorial legislature, asking for a charter for the establishment of an academy or college. The request was not granted. In 1802 Ohio was admitted to the Union as a State, and in 1803 an act was passed incorporating the Erie Literary Society. John Walworth was one of the incorporators, among his associates being Rev. Mr. Badger, John S. Edwards, Turhand Kirtland and other men of character. They received parcels of land from various persons, 18 - CUYAHOGA COUNTY. from the proceeds of which, in 1805, they erected an academy in Burton, Geauga county. This was the first school of the kind in northern Ohio, and was the germ of Hudson College. In fact, the name of Judge Walworth is met on almost every page of the early records of the section. In regard to him Colonel Whittlesey's history says: "John Walworth, though not among the earliest, was one of the most prominent, settlers of the Western Reserve. . . Like most young men who live near salt water he spent several years at sea, and visited the South American States. He came to settle at Aurora, Cayuga Lake, New York, in 1792. They reached their new home at Painesville on the 8th of April, 1800. He was small in stature, of very active habits, and had a pleasing countenance. Mr. Walworth could not have been selected to fill so many offices in the organizition of the new government if he had not been worthy of them. In those days professional office hunters seldom became the successful candidates. . . . It was no small part of Mr. Walworth's good fortune that he had a wife well suited to the circumstances by which they were surrounded. Mrs. Walworth is remembered as a kind, noble, dignified, judicious woman, spoken of with respect and kindness by all who shared her society or her hospitality. When the stampede occurred at Cleveland on the occasion of Hull's surrender, she was one of three ladies who refused to leave the place. (Her husband was lying sick at the time.) She rode a horse not merely as a graceful exercise, but took long journeys in company with her husband. In 1810 she crossed the mountains in this manner, by way of Pittsburg and Philadelphia, to her old home in the Eastern States. With such training, a vigorous physique and a cheerful disposition, it is not strange that she survived three generations—long enough to witness the results of her husband's expectations. She died at Cleveland March 2, 1853." Three sons and two daughters "were born in the family of this worthy couple,--Ashbel W., Horace F. and John P., and Mrs. Dr. Long and Mrs. Dr. Strickland. Judge Walworth did not live to see anything like a full realization of the dreams lie had always held of the greatness of the country, but died on September 10, 1812, in the very darkest days of the war. He was followed to his grave by the united and sincere sorrow and respect of the community, and great sympathy was extended to his mourning wife and children. Judge Walworth's life had been lived in the sight of men, and his character stood each test that was applied to it. He was one of the most useful as he was one of the most honored of Ohio's pioneers. Ashbel W. Walworth was but sixteen years of age when his father removed to Cleveland, but the maturity of his mind was such that even at that age he was of great assistance to his father in the conduct of the many trusts reposed in the hands of the latter. When the father was away, the son would take his place, and so able was the discharge of those duties that on the death of his father he was appointed to several of the offices the other had held. He had been,made Deputy Postmaster on September 9, 1809, and on the death of his father in 1812 was made Postmaster, holding the office until 1816, when he resigned, and was succeeded by Daniel Kelley. He was also made Collector of the Port of Cleveland, holding the office from 1812 to 1829, when he was succeeded by Judge Samuel Starkweather. He was in demand in all quarters where public trust needed the ex= perience and faithful care he was so able to give. In 1815 he was elected Township Clerk of Cleveland, being re-elected in 1816 and again in 1817. In 1821 he was made Township Treasurer, and again in 1822; became a Justice of the Peace in 1823, and again held that office in 1826; and continuously held the office of Treasurer of Cleveland village from 1817 to 1829. In 1840 he represented the First ward in the Cleveland City Council. He was foremost in any good work. In 1827, on the organization of the Cuyahoga coloniza- CUYAHOGA COUNTY - 19 tion society, a branch of the national society, he filled the important position of Treasurer. The purpose of this organization was to provide homes for colored people in Africa as rapidly as they could be freed and sent over there. One public seryice in which Mr. Walworth was for some time engaged, while Collector of this Port, was of great moment to the shipping interests of Cleveland and Lake Erie. The difficulty of entrance to the mouth of the Cuyahoga by way of the old river bed was of the most serious character, and an insurmountable barrier to the growth and development of Cleveland. The attention of the general Government was called to the matter, and in the winter of 1824—'25, Congress passed an act appropriating $5,000 for the construction of such a breakwater at the mouth of the Cuyahoga as to enable vessels to enter this port in safety.. This matter was confided, without instructions, to the hands of Mr. Walworth, who expended the money under scientific advice, in the construction of a pier running out from the river mouth. Little benefit was obtained, and, at a mass meeting of citizens in the fall of 1825, it was decided to send Mr. Walworth to Washington to secure another appropriation for the work. He met with much opposition, but finally, in 1826, $10,000 were voted to the scheme, and the present new river mouth was opened and the problem solved. In 1816 Mr. Walworth was one of a party of leading Cleveland gentlemen who associated themselves under the name of the Cleveland Pier Company, for the purpose of erecting a pier in Lake Erie at this harbor, for the accommodation of vessels too large to come near the shore. A pier was actually started, but the treacherous bed of the lake and the fierce storms for which Erie was always noted, brought the scheme to naught. He was for some time associated with Thomas M. Kelley, under the firm name of Kelley & Walworth. They were engaged in the forwarding and commission business on River street, and quite extensively en-. gaged in shipping. 2 Mr. Walworth's family residence stood on Superior street, where the Leader building now stands. A small office at one side was used for the transaction of his business. He was married, on August 24, 1820, to Mary Anne Dunlap, .. of Schenectady, New York, who survived him nearly a quarter of a century, dying September 17, 1870. They had six children, of whom four are now living, to wit: John Walworth, Anne Walworth, Sarah Walvvorth, and Mary W., now Mrs.-S. A. Bradbury. The second son, William, and youngest daughter, Jane, are deceased. Mr. Walworth was suddenly called out of the useful labors in which he was engaged and the happy home he loved so well, on August 24, 1844. He had been a professing Christian for a number of years, showing his faith in his works, and meekly following the lead of the Master. He was a member of the First Presbyterian Church, and gave its interests his best thought and most loyal service. He was a man of great industry, strict habits of life and of the utmost honor and honesty in all the relations of life. He was of a very Social disposition, and made friends wherever he went. He had the hospitable habits of the old settlers, and his home was always open and made welcome to whomsoever might come. His heart was kind, his sympathies broad, and his manners genial. When'he was called to the rest of the other life, the feeling of the entire community was that a good and noble man had gone to his reward. JAMES ABRAM GARFIELD, twentieth President, of the United States, was born November 11, 1831, in the wilds of Orange township, Cuyahoga county, Ohio. Paternally, he descended from a Puritan family, his ancestors coming from Chester, England, to the colony of Massachusetts Bay as early as 1630. Maternally he was, from a French Huguenot family. His parents were Abram and Eliza (Ballou) Garfield, who were married in 1820, he aged twenty, she eighteen years. The father 20 - CUYAHOGA COUNTY. was a native of Worcester, Otsego county, Yew York, and the mother of New Hampshire, and a relative of Hosea Ballou, the celebrated preacher and author. Abram and Eliza Garfield' had four children: Mehetable, Thomas, Mary and James A. In May, 1833, the father died, and upon his death-bed he said to his wife, "Eliza, I have planted four saplings in these woods: I leave them to your care." James was less than two years old when his father died, and a low point of human need seemed to have been reached by his family; but, displaying a vigor and endurance of which they themselves had hitherto been ignorant, with all their industry and toil, his mother worked on the farm and at the spinning-wheel, while Thomas, the eldest son, although but a youth, entered at once upon the responsibilities and hard labor of manhood. Amos Boynton, a half-brother of Abram Garfield, lived near by, and, though of limited means himself, cheerfully aided them as much as he could, while the hardy settlers in the neighborhood were generous and sympathetic toward the unfortunate From the outset the life of James was one of toil. Born and fostered in a log cabin, his childhood was as, humble and rude as backwoods life could make it. The opening of his life, was most unpromising, and adds another example to the thousands in the lives of the great men of America, showing that poverty and want in childhood need not prevent growth in goodness, ."or achievements in greatness. By force of circumstances he was compelled to work in early childhood and youth, and thus was developed that habit of industry and that physical strength which made his after success possible. During his youthful days he was not distinguished above other boys, either for his genius as a farmer, woodsman or herdsman, or for his accomplishments as a debater in the country lyceum, or as a scholar in the schools. He was regarded as being neither precocious nor dull as a boy, but as having good common sense and doing his work well. Until he was about sixteen years of age he had an intense longing to lead the life of a sailor, but, failing to secure a position giving him opportunity to gratify this longing, he became a driver on the Ohio & Pennsylvania canal, as an employee of his cousin, Amos Letcher. For a short time only, however, he held this position, for having sickened of fever he returned home. About this time his attention appears to have been turned toward literary attainments and the higher ambitions of life. Hitherto he had given little attention to books, and now he firmly and irrevocably resolved that, at whatever sacrifice, he would obtain a collegiate education. By day he worked upon the farm or at the carpenter's trade, and at night studied his books. By this means he was soon enabled to enter the seminary at the adjoining town of Chester. With the earnings of his vacations, together with the heroic self-sacrifice of his mother and elder brother, he was enabled to secure the advantages of several terms at that seminary. From Chester he went to Hiram College, an institution established in 1850 by the Disciples of Christ, to which church, he, as well as nearly all of the Garfield family, belonged. In order to pay his way at. Hiram he assumed the duties of janitor, and at times taught school. At Hiram he continued his studies till sufficiently advanced in the classics and mathematics to be qualified to enter Williams College, Massachusetts, two years in advance. September, 1854, he entered that college, and graduated with honors in 1856. Returning to Ohio he became a teacher at Hiram, where he was also pressed into the additional work of preaching the gospel. He soon became popular both as a teacher and preacher, and within less than one year he was promoted to the presidency of Hiram College, where he was the loved and honored friend of rich and poor, great and small. While a student at Hiram he met in one of its classes Lucretia Rudolph, and in the autumn of 1858 married her, in her father's house at Hiram, and began a home life of his own. She CUYAHOGA COUNTY - 21 ever afterward proved a worthy consort in all the stages of her husband's career. They had seven children, five of whom are still living. After his marriage he began the study of law, and giving to it his extra hours he was able in 1860 to pass the necessary examination and was admitted to the bar. He was a man of strong moral and religious convictions, and as soon as he began to look into politics he saw innumerable points that could be improved. He was attracted to legal studies by his active and patriotic interest in public affairs. He was an Abolitionist, Free-soiler and Republican, and always open and bold in the declaration of his political principles, whether in college, church or caucus. In 1859 he made his first political speeches, and in the fall of that year he was elected to the Ohio State Senate by a sweeping majority, and when he took his seat, in January, 1860, he was the youngest member of that body, being but twenty-eight years of age. During the trying years of 1860 and 1861 he was a very useful and eloquent member of the State Senate, and on the breaking out of the Civil war in 1861 Mr. Garfield resolved to fight as he had talked. He was appointed a member of Governor Dennison's staff to assist in organizing troops for the war. August 14, 1861, he was commissioned as Lieutenant-ColoneI of the Forty-second Regiment of Ohio Volunteer Infantry, composed largely of his classmates and students at Hiram College. Colonel Garfield's regiment was immediately thrown into active service, and before he had ever seen a gun fired in action he was placed in command of four regiments of infantry and eight companies of cavalry, charged with the work of driving the Confederates, headed by Humphrey Marshall, from his native State, Kentucky. This task was speedily accomplished, although against great odds. On account of his success, President Lincoln commissioned him Brigadier-General, January 11, 1862, and, as he had been the youngest man in the Ohio Senate two years before, so now he was the youngest general in the army. He was with General Buell's army at Shiloh, also in its operations around Corinth and its march through Alabama. June 15, 1862, General Garfield was detailed to sit in a trial by court-martial of a lieutenant of the Fifty-eighth Indiana Volunteers. In this case his skill, combined with his memory of judicial decisions, elicited from officers sitting with him in the court commendation of his signal ability in such matters. On account of fever and ague he obtained a leave of absence July 30, and during the summer months he was at Hiram. Recovering his health he reported to the War Department at Washington, according to order from the Secretary of War. This was about September 25, 1862. He was ordered to sit in the court of inquiry in the case of General McDowell, and November 25, 1862, he was made a member of the court in the celebrated trial of General Fitz John Porter for the failure to cooperate with General Pope at the battle of Bull Run. In January, 1863, he was ordered into the field, being directed to report to General Rosecrans at Murfreesborough. He became chief of staff to General Rosecrans, then commanding the Army of the Cumberland. His military history closed with his brilliant services at Chickamauga, where he won the stars of Major-General. In the fall of 1862, without any effort on his part, he was elected as a Representative in Congress from the Nineteenth Congressional district of Ohio, which had been represented for sixty years mainly by two men,--Elisha Whittlesey and the renowned anti-slavery champion, Joshua R. Giddings. He resigned his commission on the 5th of December, 1863, having served in the army more than a year after his election to Congress, and took his seat on the same day in the House of Representatives, where he served until elected to the United States Senate in 1880, just before his nomination to the presidency. His election to the Senate by the Ohio Legislature was a just and 22 - CUYAHOGA COUNTY. reasonable compliment to him for his eminent services through sixteen years of a most active legislative life. During his life in Congress he compiled, and published by his speeches there and elsewhere, more information on the issues of the day, especially on one side, than any other member. Upon entering Congress he was the youngest member, but for this work he was well endowed by nature and education. He was a ready speaker,—apt, eloquent, pointed, vehement. He was possessed of all the physical characteristics of dignity,—strength, countenance and voice, which are so useful in the public forum. Thus he was well equipped for a place in a deliberative assembly. General Garfield was appointed on many important special as well as other committees by Congress. He was sent by the President to Louisiana to report upon the political condition of the people with reference to reconstruction, and was chosen one of the High Commission to which was referred the contested presidential election in 1876, and which gave Rutherford B. Hayes the seat. In June, 1880, at the National Republican= Convention held in Chicago, General Garfield was nominated for the Presidency, both to the surprise of himself and the country. He was a delegate to the convention and was an open advocate of the nomination of Hon. John Sherman, of Ohio. The party was in danger of a most serious division, in which the adherents of General U. S. Grant and of Hon. James G. Blaine were the contestants. The only safe measure to adopt was found in the nomination of an unobjectionable man who was allied,with neither faction, and hence with great enthusiasm they turned to General Garfield; and, although many of the Republican party felt sore over the failure of their respective heroes to obtain the nomination, General Garfield was elected by a strong majority both of the people and of the Electoral College, and was inaugurated at Washington, March 4, 1881, amid great rejoicing. Even as the office was higher than any other which he had held, and as the honor was the greatest the world could bestow, so the annoyances which accompanied him into office were more discouraging than he had ever experienced, and most appalling dangers surrounded him. Even before his inauguration he was besieged by office-seekers at Mentor, his home in Lake county, Ohio. On every hand and in every way did seekers after national honors and pay intrude recklessly and remorselessly upon his time and attention. Among these thousands of office-seekers was one Charles J. Guiteau, a native of Illinois, but who at the time claimed to be a resident of New York. Guiteau had unsuccessfully practiced law at Chicago and New York. His had been an erratic life, and his ambition most unbounded. He had professed many kinds of religious beliefs and had attempted to lecture on religious and social themes. He had the appearance of a gentleman, and in the political campaign of 1880 he ingratiated himself into the good will of some members of the Republican committee of New York, and made a few unsuccessful speeches. On the fact that he had taken part in the contest he based his claims for a consulship at Marseilles, France, and importuned President Garfield for the appointment. The appointment was refused, and then Guiteau boldly threatened vengeance and was forcibly ejected from the White House. He then firmly resolved to assassinate the President at the first opportunity. Soon after there arose a political difference between the President and Senator Conkling, of New York, concerning the appointment of a collector for the port of New York. This dispute was merely an outburst of the smothered feeling lingering after the defeat of a favorite candidate in the Republican convention, and may have been less remotely connected with the fact that the President had placed in his cabinet with William Windom, Wayne MacVeagh, Robert T. Lincoln, William H. Hunt, Samuel J. Kirkwood and Thomas L. James, Senator James G. Blaine, who had been one of the candidates opposed in that convention by Senator Conkling. Both senators from CUYAHOGA COUNTY - 23 New York failed in their efforts to prevent the Senate from confirming certain appointments of the President, and after the President had threateningly, though temporarily, withdrawn the unconfirmed nominations from before the Senate of some of Senator Conkling's friends, both of the New York senators resigned and went back to their State Legislature, expecting a triumphant re-election as a rebuke to the President. They failed of election, and in their stead men favoring the President were chosen. This contest occasioned great excitement and aroused much bitter feeling in the nation. Guiteau, blinded by his desire to kill the President, drew much encouragement from the quar rel, and expected that in his deed he would find support and defense from the defeated party. However, he did not consult any of them, or apprise any man of his intentions. On the morning of July 2, 1881, while the President was in the Baltimore Railway station at Washington, accompanied by Secretary Blaine, Guiteau embraced his first opportunity to assassinate the President. Guiteau, stepping behind his victim, fired two shots into the President's back, one shot taking fatal effect. For the awful crime Guiteau was hanged. On Monday night, September 19, after eighty days of suffering, the martyred President peacefully drew his last breath. Midnight bells all over the land tolled in gloomy concert, and the grief-stricken people sprinkled their pillows with tears, saying "Our President is dead!" The next day messages of condolence, sympathy and grief came to the heart-broken widow from all parts of the world. He died at Long Branch, whence his remains were removed to Washington. Thee body was placed in the center of the hall of the Capitol at Washington, under the great central dome, and there for three days lay in state. Once during those sad days the multitude was shut out, and for an hour the stricken widow was left alone with her dead,—one of the saddest, sweetest pictures in our nation's history. The funeral services at the Capitol were very brief and unceremonious, in accordance with the usual customs of the Disciples' Church, of which the President had been a member. The remains were borne to Cleveland, and, there, on the 26th of. September, the last funeral rites were held in the open air of the public square, and then the remains were reposed in a tomb in the beautiful Lake View Cemetery of Cleveland, where to his memory was subsequently erected one of the handsomest, largest and most fitting monuments of the nation. President Garfield passed all the conditions of virtuous life between the log cabin in Cuyahoga and the White House in Washington, and in that wonderful, rich and varied experience, still moving up from higher to higher, he touched every heart of the nation at some point or other, and became the representative of all hearts and lives in the land, and was not only the teacher but the interpretor of all virtues. THOUGHTS UPON THE TRAGIC DEATH AND PUBLIC LIFE OF PRESIDENT JAMES A. GARFIELD. BY A. TEACHOUT. Listen all ye, my friends! what do we hear ? Is Garfield dead, and our friend no more ? Surprise and horror check the burning tear: He is gone like the sand washed from the shore. No more we hail the morning's golden gleam; No more the wonders of the view we sing; Friendship requires a melancholy theme; At her command the awful news I bring. Garfield, the great master of the boundless space, Thee would my soul-racked muse attempt to paint; Give me a double portion of thy grace Or all the powers of language are too faint. Weep on, my countrymen! give your general tear For the friend of all mankind, even the liberated slave. An honest pang should wait on Garfield's bier And patriot anguish mark the patriot's grave. When from the schoolroom at Hiram he had retired 'Twas you, my friends, surrounded by unnumbered foes, That called him forth, his services required And took from him the blessing of repose. With soul inspired by virtue's sacred flame To stem the torrent of corruption's tide, Be came, with all his love for liberty he came, And nobly in his country's service died. 24 - CUYAHOGA COUNTY In the last awful moment, the departing hour, When life's poor lamp more faint and fainter grew As memory feebly exercised her power, He only felt for liberty and you. He viewed death's arrow with a Christian's eye, With firmness only to a Christian known, And nobly gave your miseries that sigh With which he never gratified his own. Let all who love our country elevate his fame And give his laurel everlasting bloom,— Record his worth while gratitude has name And teach succeeding ages from his tomb. The sword of justice cautiously he swayed; His hand forever held the balance right; Each human fault with pity he surveyed, But treachery found no mercy in his sight. He knew when enemies besiege a throne Truth seldom reached a monarch's ears; Knew if oppressed a loyal people groan, And it was their cry he should hear. Hence, honest to his people, his manly tongue The public wrongs and loyalty conveyed, While titled tremblers, every nerve unstrung, Looked all around confounded and dismayed ;— Looked all around astonished to behold, Trained up to flattery from their early youth, An artless, fearless citizen unfold To royal ears a mortifying truth. Titles to him no pleasures could impart; No bribes his sense of right would entertain; The star could never gain upon his heart, Nor turn the tide of honor from his name. For this his name our liberty shall adorn, Shall soar on fame's wide pinions all sublime Till heaven's own bright and never-dying morn Absorbs our little particle of time. Far other fate his enemies shall find, Who sigh for place or languish after fame, And sell their native probity of mind For bribes of statesmen who would thus disgrace their name. And here a long inglorious list of names On my disturbed imaginations crowd. "Oh! let them perish," loud the muse exclaims, " Consigned forever to oblivion's cloud." Clean be the page that celebrates his fame, Nor let one mark of infamy appear; Let not the vicious mingle with his name; Let indignation stop the swelling tear. The swelling tear should plenteous descend; The deluged eye should give the heart relief; Humanity should melt for nature's friend In all the richest luxury of grief. He, as a planet with unceasing ray, Is seen in one unvaried course to move, Through life pursued but one illustrious way, And a his orbit was his country's love. Immortal shadow of my much loved friend, Clothe in thy native virtue, meet my soul When on the fatal bed my passions bend And curb the floods of anguish as they roll. In thee each virtue found a pleasing cell; Thy mind was honor and thy soul divine; With thee did every God of genius dwell; Thou most the hero of all the nine. Now, as the mantle of the evening swells Upon my mind, I feel a thickening gloom; Ah! could I charm by necromantic spells The soul of Garfield from the deathly tomb. Then would we wander through this darkened vale In converse such as heavenly spirits use, And born upon the pinions of the gale Hymn the Creator and exert the muse. But, honor to reflection! now no more Will Garfield sing the wonders of the plain When, doubting whether they might not adore, Admiring mortals heard his nervous strain. But he is gone, and now, alas! no more His generous hand neglected worth redeemed; No more around his mansion shall the poor Bask in his warm, his charitable beams. No more his grateful countrymen shall hear His manly voice in martyred freedom's cause; No more the reckless outlaw will fear His were lash for violated laws. Yet say, stern virtue, who would not wish to die Thus greatly struggling a whole land to save? Who would not wish, with ardor wish, to lie With Garfield's honor in a Garfield's grave ? Not honor such as princes can bestow, Whose tyrant hand to a lord can raise, But fo he brightest honor here below A grateful nation's unabating praise. But see! wherever liberty on yonder strand, Where the cliff rises and the billows roar, Already takes her melancholy stand To wing her passage to some happier shore. Stay, our Heavenly Father, stay; nor leave this blessed land So many any ages thou hast exercised thy peculiar care; O stay and ever cheer with thy Almighty hand, Lest quick we sink in terrible despair! Let my sons, the laws your fathers bought With such rich oceans of undaunted blood By traitors thus be set at naught, While at yours you feel the purple flood.