(RETURN TO THE TITLE PAGE) 150 - HISTORY OF CLEVELAND nature, which keeps one young in spirit. To see him, in the management of his extensive hotel interests one would think that he was wholly engrossed with business cares ; to see him in the engagement of charitable work one might imagine that he had no interests outside of this realm; in politics too he is equally zealous and earnest. The fact remains that he has the ability to concentrate his energies for the moment entirely upon the work at hand and in this lies the secret of his extensive and successful accomplishment. While he deserves much credit for what he has done in business circles and in citizenship, his work in charitable lines has won him the enduring gratitude of many, making his a well balanced character. HARRY J. COLLIER. While engaged in business as a general contractor, Harry J. Collier has gained distinction in the field of railway and bridge building and in other difficult work demanding superior ability and thorough understanding of mechanics and scientific principles. His record has been characterized by an orderly progression that has resulted from the wise and intelligent use of every opportunity. He was born March 4, 1847, in Avoca, Steuben county, New York, and is a son of Joel R. and Keziah (MacWhorter) Collier. The father was in early life a sailor and became captain of a vessel on the Hudson river, but devoted the later years of his life to farming and for some time lived in Illinois. Both he and his wife have now passed away. Harry J. Collier began his education in the schools of New York and was twelve years of age at the time of the removal of the family to Illinois, where he continued his studies. The periods of vacation were devoted to the work of the fields and he was his father's assistant and associate in farming operations until about seventeen years of age when, aroused by the call of the country for military aid, he abandoned the plow and joined the Union Army as a member of Company F, One Hundred and Fortieth Illinois Volunteer Infantry. His youth had precluded his previous enlistment but he joined the army in 1864 and was mustered out in Chicago just prior to the close of the war. When the country no longer needed his aid Mr. Collier returned to the home farm whereon he continued for two years, but feeling that his opportunities were limited in agricultural life he turned his attention to other pursuits. Beginning work at the carpenter's trade, he followed it for a brief period in Illinois and then went to Michigan, spending three• years at carpentering in Benton Harbor and St. Joe. Ere he left that state he began contracting on his own account. Later he worked at carpentering in Missouri until 1889 when he went to Tennessee and also to Kentucky and to different points in the south, being engaged on railroad contract work and bridge construction until 1893. In that year he returned to Indiana, having been awarded the contract for construction of the belt line at Bedford. While thus engaged he made his headquarters at Louisville, Kentucky, until 1895, and then went to the West Indies, where he erected buildings for the Jamaica Railroad. He spent fourteen months in that tropical country, after which he returned to New York city and for two years was engaged on building construction in the eastern metropolis. He afterward spent a year in railroad work in Richmond, Virginia, and subsequently was in Chicago until 1902. He then went to Pittsburg, having been awarded the contract for the building of the Wabash terminal, which included the construction of sixty thousand yards of masonry. Coming to Cleveland he built the masonry of the Newburg & South Shore Railroad and later in Indianapolis constructed the masonry and bridge work in the Indianapolis Southern Railway. At the same time he was engaged on bridge work for the Illinois, Iowa & Minnesota Railroad between Rockford and De Kalb, Illinois, and also on the bridge work between Lorain HISTORY OF CLEVELAND - 153 and Berea, Ohio, on the Lake Erie & Pittsburg Railway Company. Of her evidence of his skill is found in the Cincinnati terminal building, which is constructed of concrete. He erected the Herbivora building at the zoological gardens of that city and did much work for the Big Four Railroad Company on the St. Louis division, erecting the concrete bridge at Marshall, Illinois, containing thirteen thousand yards. In August, 1906, Mr. Collier returned to Cleveland for the execution of a contract for work on the Lake Erie & Pittsburg Railway Company, now a part of the Lake Shore Railway, building thirty-seven thousand yards of masonry. He also did the masonry work on the bridge at Asheville, North Carolina, and is now engaged on bridge work at Spartanburg, South Carolina. He began some large masonry contracts at Winston Salem, North Carolina, in August, 1909, in which twelve thousand yards were involved. He has ever made a specialty of railroad and bridge work and in the execution of important con- tracts has been called to all sections of the country. In 1909 he constructed and completed the largest 'wooden bridge in Cleveland, at East Sixty-fifth and Kingsbury Run, as an evidence of local work. The forgoing record will in- dicate much of the extent of his business and the superior ability which he dis- plays. He has made steady advancement in his chosen field of labor and among the representatives of the field in which he has put forth his efforts he is recognized as a most skilled and efficient contractor. Mr. Collier is secretary, treasurer and director in the Cleveland Material Company, wholesale dealers in builders' and contractors' materials. On the 18th of January, 1872, Mr. Collier was married to Miss Alice Jay, a native of Illinois, and unto them have been born two children: Mrs. Van R. Norred, of Chattanooga, Tennessee ; and H. J. Collier, Jr., who married Myrtle Barber, of Cleveland, and is associated with his father in business. Mr. Collier is a member of the Masonic fraternity and also of the Grand Army of the Republic. His life has been an extremely busy one and knowledge which he has displayed in accomplishing various tasks and the ability with which he has adapted himself to the demands of the situation, constitute salient forces in the success which he has achieved and which places him in a prominent position among Cleveland's leading contractors. JOHN G. BETTCHER. John G. Bettcher was born in the capital city of the German empire, January 24, 1858, and there spent his early boyhood. His parents were Gottlieb and Rosie Bettcher. The father, also a native of Berlin, was born January 16, 1811, and was a carpenter by trade, but like so many of his countrymen believed in the larger opportunity of a newer land and in pursuance of this idea, he severed his old associations and brought his family to America in 1871. They located in Cleveland, where he continued to work at the carpenter's trade. The career of the son has amply justified the father's conclusions over a quarter of a century ago. Having attended the German schools until his change of residence, he spent his first five years in Cleveland in learning the carpenter's trade with his father. Having qualified sufficiently was engaged by the Bourne & Knowles Manufacturing Company as carpenter and patternmaker. That his services were satisfactory is amply attested by the fact that he remained with them for twenty-three years and then only severed his connection with them to organize a manufacturing concern known as Bettcher & Company, which upon its incorporation three years later became known as the Bettcher Manufacturing Company. Mr. Bettcher, however, sold his interest in 1907 and organized the Cleveland Wrought Washer Company, whose specialties are wrought iron and 154 - HISTORY OF CLEVELAND steel washers, tire bolt washers, riveting burrs and kindred commodities. Good fortune has attended the new enterprise which now employs thirty-one men. Mr. Bettcher is a member of Garfield Union. He adheres to the policies of the republican party and in religious conviction is a Protestant. He was married in Cleveland, May 20, 1887 to Miss Augusta Krause. They have four children as follows : Bertha, aged nineteen years, staying at home ; Elsie, aged seventeen years, employed as a stenographer in the office of Benton, Hall & Company, wholesale druggists ; Stella, who is fourteen years old and is attending the Metro- politan Business College ; and Wilbur, aged twenty-two months. The family resi- dence is at 2078 West Fifty-third street. FRANCIS FLEURY PRENTISS. Francis Fleury Prentiss is president of the Cleveland Twist Drill Company and a prominent representative of the industrial interests of the city. His busi- ness career has been characterized by consecutive progress along well defined lines of labor, carrying him into important commercial relations and today he is recog- nized as one of the strong and resourceful business men of the city. A native of Vermont, he was born in Montpelier, August 22, 1858, and began his education in the schools of that city, where he pursued his studies to the age of twelve years, when in 1870 he accompanied his parents on their removal to Winona, Minnesota. There he completed his education in 1876 and at the age of eighteen years entered a bank at Winona as office boy. From the outset he displayed the industry and adaptability which have characterized his entire business career and during the four years of his connection with the bank he worked his way steadily upward through consecutive promotions until he rose to the position of assistant cashier. In 188o he came to Cleveland, where he embarked in business on his own account as junior partner of the firm of Davies & Prentiss, organized for the manufacture of padlocks. Not long afterward the firm of Cox & Prentiss was organized for the manufacture of twist drills, and in 1904 the present company was formed under the style of the Cleveland Twist Drill Company with Mr. Prentiss as its president. This is a well equipped plant, supplied with the latest improved machinery for the conduct of the business and the product is now large, extensive shipments being made to all sections of the country. On the 1st of January, 1900, Mr. Prentiss, was married in Cleveland to Miss Delight Sweetser, a daughter of Jp.mes D. Sweetser, of Marion, Indiana. She died July 14, 1903, and her death was deeply regretted by many friends. Mr. Prentiss attends the Episcopal church and belongs to the Masonic fraternity. Helt is well known in the city where he has now made his home for twenty-nine years and where his course has ever been characterized by qualities of honorable manhood and commendable business activity. There has been no esoteric phase in his commercial career, which on the contrary represents the fit utilization of his opportunities and the result of industry th4t has never flagged. FRANK C. SMITH. Frank C. Smith is one of those citizens whom Cleveland can claim by right of nativity as well as by present residence for it was within her limits that this progressive business man was born, November 9, 1869. His father and mother, Casper and Annie M. (Sauer) Smith, are both by nativity subjects of the kaiser, but they sought the land of the stars and stripes in youth and in Buffalo, New York, were united in marriage. During his active years the father engaged in the cooperage business. Both parents are now deceased. HISTORY OF CLEVELAND - 155 Frank C. Smith is today secretary and treasurer of the Empire Marble Company located at 3159 West Sixty-eight street, and his ascent to his present excellent position in the world of affairs is a record of steady advancement. Educated in the parochial schools and the Edmondston Business College he began his career as a basketmaker. He worked at this trade for some time and then entered the employ of the C. N. E. Lamp Company, his labors being expended in the brass shop. From this concern, which was owned by W. J. Gordon, he went to the Bishop & Babcock Company and after a term of efficient service there severed his association to form a more permanent one with the Cleveland Faucet Company. His connection with this business was of eight years duration and was finally severed to return to Bishop & Babcock. In 1896 he made a somewhat radical change by becoming a traveling salesman for a concern in Buffalo, New York, engaged in the manufacture of bar supplies, but the attraction of Cleveland proved too strong and in a year he returned. It was in July, 1902, that Mr. Smith became connected with the Empire Marble Company. Mr. Smith laid the foundation of a happy home life by his marriage on June 2, 1898, to Miss Dorothy Naegele, a daughter of Jacob Naegele, formerly a partner in the Scranton Avenue Wagon Works. Mr. Smith's lodge affiliations fill an important place in his life and in these fraternal circles he has won no small amount of popularity. He is especially well known from his connection with the Independent Order of Odd Fellows, having held membership for fifteen years in Amazon Lodge, No. 567, and filled all the offices in that body, being past noble grand. He also belongs to Guyer Lodge, No. 728, Knights of Pythias, and is a past chancellor commander in that organization. In politics he is independent, believing in the infallibility neither of men nor of party and casting his vote for whatever issue appeals to him as just. He and his wife attend the German Evangelical church on Jennings avenue, to whose good works they give both interest and support, and in short enjoy that popular esteem which always accrues to right living and altruistic endeavor. WILLIAM P. CHARD. Thirty years' service in the employ of the Lake Shore Railroad stands in incontrovertible evidence of the fidelity and capability of William P. Chard as a representative of railway interests. At the present time he is giving his attention to the real-estate business and is also the treasurer of the Brooklyn Building & Loan Association. He was born at Prince Albert, Canada, October 28, 1846, a son of James J. and Ann (Parry) Chard, who were married in the year 1830. The father was a native of Wales and following his emigration to America in 1827, engaged in farming in Euclid, Ohio. In 1832 he took up his abode in Cleveland and established a general leather business on Superior avenue near Seneca street, being one of the pioneer merchants of the city, for Cleveland at that time was just emerging from villagehood and had as yet but little industrial or commercial importance. About 1836 or 1837 he removed to Canada and was ac- tive in the McKenzie annexation scheme for annexing the minion to the United States—a plan which terminated in disaster. In 1849, attracted by the discovery of gold in California, he started for the Pacific coast but died at Independence, Missouri, while en route, leaving his widow with five small children : James, Sarah, Mary, Ellen and William P. The family home had been established in Cleveland in 1849 and here Mrs. James J. Chard passed away on Huntington street, her last years being made comfortable and happy by the filial love, devotion and care of her son William. William P. Chard was only about three years old when brought to Cleveland. The occasion of his father's death, whereby the family was left in limited financial circumstances, necessitated his beginning work at the early age of twelve years, 156 - HISTORY OF CLEVELAND when he entered the employ of the Lake Shore Railroad Company as caller in the freight department. From that position he was promoted to tallyman, eventually became assistant foreman and later foreman of the freight department. He resigned in 1892 after completing thirty years' service with that company, being regarded as one of its most faithful representatives. It was his purpose on his retirement to give his entire attention to his real-estate investments and he is now busily employed in looking after his property interests, making further purchases as favorable opportunity permits. His holdings are now a source of substantial profit and he is further known in business circles as the treasurer of the Brooklyn Building & Loan Association, which office he has filled for the past fourteen years. In 1892 William P. Chard was united in marriage to Miss Mary Hawkins, whose condition in the days of her girlhood and early womanhood was similar to that of her husband, as upon her devolved the care of a widowed mother and the six children who were left by the death of her sister, the youngest being a babe of a little more than a year old. Mrs. Chard was able to meet her obligations and discharge her duties in this direction by obtaining employment in various offices in the county courthouse and spent twenty-five years in the recorder's office. She became wealthy in her own right through her knowledge and transaction in real estate. In politics Mr. Chard has always been a stalwart republican and his per, sonal popularity is indicated in the fact that he has represented in the city council the old fifth ward, which was the strongest democratic ward in Cleveland at that time. He served one term as alderman when the board was established and was elected to represent the second district in the board and was appointed a member of its fire committee. The next public office to which he was called was that of deputy director of public works, thus serving for four years tinder Robert E. McKisson. While acting as a member of the city council and as alderman he was made a member of numerous important committees, in which connection he did valuable public service. He was also president of the decennial board of equalization in 1891. He belongs to the Tippecanoe and Western Reserve Clubs, two republican organizations, and he is also a member of the Union League Club, of which he is now treasurer. Fraternally he is connected with Tyrian Lodge, No. 370, A. F. & A. M., and is identified with other departments of Masonry. He is entitled to wear the Grand Army button by reason of active service in the Civil war and now holds membership in Memorial Post, G. A. R., and also in the Elks Lodge, No. 18. His is an approachable, genial nature, which has won him warm friendship and many of his most congenial companions are those who have known him from his youth to the present time. NEWTON S. CALHOUN. The industries of Cleveland are immense and they are in the hands of capable, reliable, far-sighted men who understand how to keep up the prestige the city has gained as a commercial center. There are a number of concerns here that give employment to many and supply a wide territory with their products. The men at the head of such enterprises have to possess more than average ability in order to meet the exacting demands of their positions. Such a man is Newton S. Calhoun, president and treasurer of The Johnston & Jennings Company, conducting a foundry, machine shop and chemical plant. Mr. Calhoun was born in Connecticut, February 12, 1855, a son of William F. and Almira (Tracy) Calhoun. The father was born in the same state, October 12. 1813, while the mother was born there in 1817. They spent their lives there, he dying in November, 1881, and she in 1895. The family early settled in HISTORY OF CLEVELAND - 159 Litchfield county, Connecticut, as far back as the seventeenth century, and on the paternal side was from Scotland. Newton S. Calhoun was educated in the Suffield Academy in Connecticut and Brown University, of Providence, Rhode Island, from which he graduated with the degree of M. A. in 1879. On leaving school he taught for avo years in the Providence high school and then studied law while teaching and during his vacations. For a year he was in Judge Tillinghast's office in Providence and left there in the fall of 1882 to come to Cleveland. Here he began the practice of law in January, 1883, in partnership with Alexander C. Caskey, which association continued until the death of the latter in 1904. In 1896 Mr. Calhoun was made treasurer of The Johnston & Jennings Company, of which he is now at the head, and at the time of his partner's death forsook the law to devote all of his time to the business. In 1905 he was made president and has since filled both offices. They have a branch factory in Chicago, and the territory covered by them extends all over the country. They manufacture special machinery for designing and building and have a number of their own patents. Mr. Calhoun is also vice president and treasurer of the Royal Tourist Car Company and is interested in a number of other enterprises. He belongs to the Chamber of Commerce and is one of the representative men of the city. In 1884 he was married to Caroline Jennings, a native of Cleveland and a daughter of John G. and Caroline R. (Conklin) Jennings. Mr. and Mrs. Calhoun have two children : Tracy Jennings, born in 1885, and educated at Cornell University, is now associated with his father as purchasing agent ; and Miss Carol is at home. The Jennings family is an old one in Ohio, Mrs. Calhoun's grandfather, Dr. Jennings, having been one of the oldest settlers of Oberlin. Mr. Calhoun is a member of the Cleveland Athletic Club and is a republican but not active in public matters. In religious faith he is a Congregationalist and attends the Pilgrim church. Whenever a professional man goes into business he brings to his work a trained mind and is capable of discharging his duties systematically. Mr. Calhoun's experience as an attorney has been valuable to him since becoming the head of the immense concern with which he is now connected and he feels that he could not have made the success he has had he not possessed his legal knowledge. MYRON E. BATTLES. Myron E. Battles, who is the treasurer and general manager of the Union Paper & Twine Company, the largest concern of its kind in Cleveland, was born in Cuyahoga county, Ohio, September 7, 1868, a son of John T. and Mary Battles. The parents were both natives of this county and the mother is still living in Cleveland. The father passed away about fifteen years ago. He had been a farmer in his active life and was one of the pioneers of this section of the state. Myron E. Battles was a student at Baldwin University, Berea, and when he left school engaged in the paper business with a local company. Two years later, in 1892, he organized the Union Paper & Twine Company, which, although it still bears the same name, was not incorporated until December, 1898. It is one of the leading business houses of Cleveland and the largest in this line in the city. It employs seventy-five hands and occupies an entire five-story building at 131 St. Clair avenue, Northwest, which the company owns. Mr. Battles has always had the active management of all departments of the business and it is largely due to his efforts, his ability and his keen foresight that it has become such a profitable concern. On Christmas day, 1907, was celebrated the marriage of Mr. Battles and Miss Sadie L. Wisner, of Berea, and they have a pleasant home at 40 Cadwell avenue, Cleveland Heights. Mr. Battles has ever been a stanch champion of republican 160 - HISTORY OF CLEVELAND interests in this city and in 1907 was elected mayor of Cleveland Heights. He belongs to the Euclid Club, the Chamber of Commerce and the Cleveland Athletic Association, all of which organizations have as their aim the promotion of the social, physical or commercial welfare of the citizens of the city. He is a man of broad views and generous sympathies, who has enlarged his outlook on life by study and through extensive travel over a greater part of America. MATTHEW SMITH. This is preeminently the age of centralization, resulting in the establishment and control of mammoth undertakings which are the stronger and more vital from the fact that strength is conserved and labor minimized by the consolidation of interests. At the head of business affairs of great magnitude are men whose vision is as keen and whose generalship is as wide and effective as that manifest by the leaders of military forces and well may such men be termed the captains of industry of our day. To this class belongs Matthew Smith as general manager of the Great Atlantic & Pacific Tea Company of Cleveland, whose position of prominence in connection with commercial interests is such that his history is one of widespread interest and constitutes an important chapter in the records of the business men of Cleveland. He was born in County Tyrone, Ireland, November 9, 1856, and was educated in the national schools of that country. Coming to the United States in 1872, he entered the employ of the Great Atlantic & Pacific Tea Company in a humble capacity, his first task being that of addressing envelopes. Gradually, however, he worked his way upward through successive promotions until in 1880 he was sent to Cleveland to take charge of the business in this city, which at that time comprised but two stores. With his advent here the business took on new life and the spirit of enterprise and determination with which he enthused the concern has resulted in the expansion of trade relations here until the company is operating thirteen stores in the Forest city, with Mr. Smith as general manager of all. He is one of the best known representatives of a great commercial organization, which has today three hundred and twenty-five stores and is today selling more of the highest qualities of groceries to greater number of people than any other firm on earth. Mr. Smith has the interests of the company in Cleveland thoroughly systematized and the business methods which he pursues are those which commend him to the confidence and support of Cleveland's citizens as well as of the general officers of the company. In addition to other interests Mr. Smith is vice president and one of the directors of the Schafer-Suhr Coal Company. In 1887 occurred the marriage of Mr. Smith and Miss Irene M. French, a native of Cleveland. They have become parents of two daughters and two sons.. Emily M., the eldest, after attending the public schools and Miss Middleberger's private school became the wife of N. C. Groach, a mining engineer who is now a member of the firm of Groach & Groach of Cobalt, Canada, where they reside. Matthew, a youth of sixteen, is now a junior in Shaw high school. William McKinley, twelve years of age, is attending the grammar school. Irene L., eight years of age, is a pupil in the East Cleveland public schools. The family are members of Emmanuel Episcopal church, of which Mr. Smith has long been a vestryman. He belongs to Iris Lodge, No. 229, F. & A. M.; is a past high priest of Cleveland Chapter, No. 148, R. A. M.; a member of Cleveland Council, No. 36, R. & S. M.; a past commander of Holyrood Commandery, No. 32, K. T. ; a member of all the Scottish Rite bodies and of Al Koran Temple of the Mystic Shrine. He has attained the thirty-third degree of the northern Masonic jurisdiction of the United States, an honor conferred on few who are affiliated with this great fraternal organization. He is now treasurer of the Masonic Temple Association. He is greatly interested in all that pertains to the craft and HISTORY OF CLEVELAND - 161 the promotion of its interests. Aside from his business and his home it rep- resents his dominant interests and finds in him an honored and exemplary representative. His winter residence is 13082 Euclid avenue, while at Salida Beach, just north of Mentor, Ohio, he has a beautiful summer home. His steady advancement in the business world has enabled him to provide for his family those comforts which wealth can secure and refined tastes suggest, and the members of the household are prominent in the social circles of the city. KENNEDY B. BAILEY. Kennedy B. Bailey, who was always active in the city's interests and by reason of his practical and intelligently directed labor contributed in substantial meas- ure to the welfare and progress of Cleveland, was numbered among Ohio's native sons, his birth having occurred in Cincinnati on the gth of November, 1840. En- tering the public schools at the usual age he passed through consecutive grades until he was graduated from the high school. He was for several years connected with the little Miami Railroad, this time covering the period of the Civil War. He afterward became connected with the Grasselli Works, than a small enterprise. Eventually he became treasurer and had charge of the books of the company. When the business was reorganized and removed to Cleveland he came with it in the capacity of treasurer, a position which he held up to the time of his death. He was with the company for thirty-seven years, and his capable management of its financial affairs contributed in large measure to the success which attended the enterprise. He manifested keen discrimination in controlling any business situation, ever placing a correct value of the opportunities arising, and as the years went by his labors proved a very valuable element in the achievement of the prosperity which came to the house. He was also the vice president of the Wood- land Savings & Trust Company and was also further known in financial circles as a member of the finance committee of the Broadway Savings & Trust Com-pany. He was likewise active in several other Cleveland institutions, all of which benefitted by his sound judgment and careful management. He discriminated with great readiness between the essential and non-essential in business and whatever he undertook won a good measure of success by reason of his capable control. In Cincinnati, in 1876, Mr. Bailey was united in marriage to Miss Maria Newton Gatch, who was born in that city. Their marriage was blessed with two children, Waldo C. and Lucretia G. The son was general manager of the Beaver Falls Chemical Works for a few years, then after the death of his father he was for a short time with the Cleveland office of the Grasse11i Chemical Company and later was transferred to Chicago. He married Miss Anna Stevens, of Olean, New York, and has three children : Kennedy B., William S. and Gean. Lucretia G. was married November 24, tgog, to Mr. Durbin Keaney of Cleveland, where they reside. Mr. Bailey was devoted to his family, finding his greatest pleasure in pro- viding the members of his own household with those things which add to the comfort and convenience of life or promote its real happiness. He was very charitable, responding readily to any call of need or distress, for his heart over-flowed with human sympathy, and not only by his subeantial gifts but also in other ways did he frequently help to lighten the burden of life for others. His kindly word of encouragement was of equal value, for it indicated to the in- dividual that genuine sympathy which is often more needed than the gift of money. He regularly attended the services of the Second Presbyterian church and was much interested in its work. Many movements and measures relative to Cleveland and her progress awakened the attention and support of Mr. Bailey, who was a member of the Chamber of Commerce and eagerly cooperated in all movements intended by that organization for the upbuilding and progress of the 162 - HISTORY OF CLEVELAND city. He died December 27, 1903, at the comparatively early age of fifty-three years, but he left the impress of his individuality upon public and private interests, while the recollection of his many sterling qualities will not be effaced from the minds of those with whom he came in contact while life remains to them. He built his residence at what is now No. 2216 East Fifty-fifth street, in 1886, and it has since been the family home. JOHN HADLOW. Among the men to whom fate has vouchsafed honorable retirement from labor is John Hadlow, who now resides at No. 2952 West Fourteenth street. He is one of the city's native sons, living here at a time when Cleveland was comparatively small and of but little industrial and commercial importance. His birth occurred on St. Clair avenue, his natal day being January 5, 1840. He was one of the children of Henry R. and Sarah (Hudson) Hadlow, both of whom were natives of Dover, England, but spent their last days in Cleveland. John Hadlow pursued his early education in the district schools and afterward attended Humiston's Institute but left that school at the age of eighteen years to concentrate his entire attention upon business affairs. He joined his- father in gardening and in that line of activity continued until his earnings were sufficient to enable him to put aside further business cares and spend his remaining days in the enjoyment of well earned rest. On the 12th of August, 1872, Mr. Hadlow was united in marriage to Miss Hannah M. Raines, who was born in England. They have become parents of three children, Ralph H., Gertrude and Caroline, all of whom are at home. Ralph is now construction engineer, with headquarters in Cleveland. Mr. Hadlow exercises his right of franchise in support of the men and measures of the republican party and he and his family attend the Pilgrim Congregational church on West Fourteenth street. He has a fine home, which he and his family occupy and which is one of the visible evidences of his life of well directed industry and thrift. There have been no spectacular chapters in his life history nor have there been any esoteric phases. He worked on diligently year by year, carefully managing his business affairs, giving full return for all moneys which he received and because of the excellence of the garden products which he marketed and the honesty of his business methods he built up a trade which in the course of years brought him the substantial success that he now enjoys. JOHN A. SANDERS. John A. Sanders, the well known and popular proprietor of the Sanders Stag Hotel of Cleveland, was born in New Jersey on the 17th of December, 1864, his parents being John H. and Helen (Farley) Sanders. The father, whose birth occurred in Newark, liew Jersey, in 1843, was a moulder by trade and successfully followed that occupation until the time of his retirement from active life. His demise occurred in 1896. In 1863 he had wedded Miss Helen Farley, who was born in the year 1841. She was called to her final rest in June, 1908. John A. Sanders obtained his education in the public schools of Detroit, where the family home was established in 1873, while three years later he came to Cleveland, Ohio. After leaving school he secured a position in a grocery store of Detroit and later worked in a store at Cleveland for a time. Subsequently he engaged in the conduct of a grocery establishment but after about three years severed his connection with mercantile interests and began HISTORY OF CLEVELAND - 165 learning the moulder's trade, with which he was actively identified for twelve years. For the past twenty years, however, he has been actively engaged in business as a hotel proprietor and for the past sixteen years has managed the Sanders Stag Hotel at No. 86 Public Square, also conducting a cafe and restaurant. In 1909 he secured a ninety-nine year lease on his present location the Bank Cafe. In addition to his interests in this connection he is likewise one of the directors of the Standard Brewing Company, the Lake City Ice Company, the Southern Gold Mining Company and the Cooperative Liquor Company. In 1895 Mr. Sanders was united in marriage to Miss Anna Dowd, a native of Avon, New York. They now have two children, Marian and John. Their city home is at 2196 East Forty-sixth street and they also have a beautiful country home at Noble Beach, where Mr. Sanders owns a splendidly improved estate of sixteen acres. He delights in motoring, shooting and fishing and is a member of the Cleveland Automobile Club. Fraternally he is identified with the Benevolent and Protective Order of Elks, the Knights of Pythias and the Eagles. From the beginning of his hotel experiences he has made it his object to maintain the highest standards in hotel life until his name has become a synonym for the best possible service obtainable in public entertainment of this character. FRANK HIGLEY. Frank Higley, whose name is on the roll of able representatives of the Cleveland bar, was born near St. Paul, Minnesota, March 16, 1861. His father was Aaron Higley, who was born in 1826, at Windsor, Ohio, and was a son of Jonathan Higley, who was a native of Connecticut and a farmer by occupation. At an early period in the development of this state Jonathan Higley made his way westward and cast his lot with the pioneer residents of Windsor. A strong opponent of the system of slavery, he served as one of the conductors on the underground railway in antebellum days. He also took an active part in affairs of public prominence and importance and for several years represented his district in the general assembly. There were only four or five families in the Western Reserve at the time of his arrival and he aided in shaping the policy of the state during its formative period. His son, Aaron Higley, removed to Minnesota about 1856 and in 1867 came to Cleveland. He was an inventor and manufacturer and invented a number of devices pertaining to street cars. He manufactured the Higley street car journal and other different street car bearings under the name of the Higley Car Journal Company, of which he remained president until his demise, which occurred May 10, 1886. He was also a heavy real-estate owner, having extensive investments in city property. His wife, who bore the maiden name of Charlotte Finney, was born in Groton, New York, in 1836, and is now living in Cleveland. Her father, Ezra Finney, was a farmer by occupation and one of the early settlers of Trumbull county, Ohio, establishing his home in Bristolville. Brought to Cleveland in his early boyhood, Frank Higley pursued his education in the public schools until graduating from the Central high school with the class of 1877. He afterward matriculated in the law school of the University of Michigan, where he completed the course in 1884, the Bachelor of Laws degree being then conferred upon him. Ere entering the university he had studied law under private instruction to some extent and had also occupied a business position. For two years after his graduation he acted as deputy clerk of the supreme court of Ohio and in 1885 began practicing in Cleveland, his active Connection with the bar now covering a quarter of a century. Throughout the entire time he has continued in general practice and is recognized as a man of well balanced intel- 166 - HISTORY OF CLEVELAND lect, thoroughly familiar with the law and precedent and possessed as well of comprehensive general information and an analytical mind. He comprehends the details of a situation quickly and fortifies for every point of attack. He is remarkable among lawyers for the wide research and provident care with which he prepares his cases and his practice is now extensive and of an important character. Mr. Higley votes with the republican party and has been a delegate to county, state and congressional conventions, yet does not seek to become a party leader or officeholder. He belongs to the Tippecanoe Club, a republican organization ; holds membership in the Masonic fraternity and with the Tribe of Ben Hur ; and attends the Euclid Avenue Congregational church. Pleasantly situated in his home life, Mr. Higley was married in 1891 to Miss Carrie M. Maltby, a daughter of Benjamin F. Maltby, and they have three children : Raymond F., who is now a junior in the Central high school ; Albert M.; and Charles S. WILLARD GRANT ABORN. Williard Grant Aborn, whose continuous progress in the business world, from that time when he met, at least partially, the expenses of his college course through his own labor, has brought him to a position of prominent connection with manufacturing and commercial interests in Cleveland and also in the east, was born September 23, 187o, in Wakefield, Massachusetts, a son of George W. and Mary Frances (Pennell) Aborn. Ancestral records mention Samuel Aborn as the first representative of the family in America. He settled on a plantation at Salem, Massachusetts, sometime prior to 1633, as his name appears on the Salem records of that date. His son Moses and the latter's son, Ebenezer Aborn, were very influential and prominent members of the Salem community during colonial days, when the colonists were facing the hardships of pioneer life and the dangers of Indian warfare. John Aborn, son of Ebenezer Aborn, became a distinguished physician of Lynn township, Essex county. His son, Samuel Aborn, was born in 1764 and wedded Mary Flint, a daughter of Captain John Flint, who served in the battle of Lexington. Dr. John Aborn died in 1768. John Aborn, son of Samuel Aborn, was the father of George W. Aborn. State and local political honors were offered and in some cases accepted by these different members of the family. Mrs. John Aborn was a Gould of the old Salem and later of the Top- field Gould family, well known in history. The Pennells are of equally old New England stock, coming from Maine. Willard Grant Aborn pursued his education in the Wakefield high school, the academy at Monson, Massachusetts, and in. Dartmouth College, from which he was graduated with the Bachelor of Arts degree in 1893, while in 1896 his alma mater conferred upon him the Master of Arts degree. His youthful experiences were those of any New England boy and he was much interested in sports, finding delight in the summer camping trips in the woods of Maine or in roaming on the Maine seacoast. At Monson Academy he was a member of the athletic teams, was president of the class and of the debating society and was a member of the Glee Club and church choir, so that in many lines he was having the varied experiences which constituted a broadening factor as well as his intellectual training. While in college he spent his vacations engaged on waterwork construction as an engineer and the necessity of providing for his own support led him to continue in that field of labor for two years thereafter. Now being equipped by education for engineering, Mr. Aborn sought a business opportunity and entered the employ of the Spaulding-Pepper Tire Company of Chicopee Falls, Massachusetts, being thus employed during the summer of 1895. In February, 1896, he made a change, believing that he might have a better opportunity for a broader field, and thus became secretary of J. C. Pear- HISTORY OF CLEVELAND - 167 son of Boston, whose principal interest was that of president of the J. C. Pearson Company, manufacturers of cement coated nails. During the late summer of 1896 Mr. Pearson induced ,Mr. Aborn, because of the former's dissatisfaction with his then existing arrangement at the mill, to become supervisor of the manufactory. Two years later he made a proposition on the tonnage basis, which Mr. Aborn accepted, and in this connection he is active in the business, his position being one of large responsibility and of gratifying financial return as well. In connection with this work he has become interested in the sales end of the business and has also established mill supply houses at points where the company have considered the selling arrangements unsatisfactory. He has thus been a forceful factor in the development and expansion of the business and at the same time he has become actively and financially interested in other enterprises, being now president of the Lake Erie Nail & Supply Company of Cleveland, the Grant Nail & Supply Company of Boston and the United States Timber Company of Cleveland. On the 23d of September, 1896, in Chicago, Mr. Aborn was married to Miss Florence Louise Higgins, a representative of the old colonial Higgins family of Wellfleet, Massachusetts. Her mother was a Litchfield of the Litchfields of Cohasset, Massachusetts. Their children, Mary Louise and John Russell, are both attending the Hathaway-Brown school. Mr. Aborn is deeply interested in various projects and organizations having to do with the social, municipal, material, educational and fraternal interests of Cleveland. He is a member of the Chamber of Commerce and the Builders Exchange. In Masonry he has taken the degrees of Salem Commandery, K. T., and of Al Koran Temple of the Mystic Shrine. He belongs to the Hermit, Euclid and Cleveland Athletic Clubs, the University Club of Boston, is vice president of the Dartmouth Club of northern Ohio, a trustee of the Tucker Fund of Dart- mouth College and a member of the National Geographic Society. These varied interests bring him into close touch with questions that are engaging the attention of the best thinking men of the age and, while he has won recognition as a resourceful and alert business man, he is also recognized as one of wider interests, meeting the obligations as well as enjoying the privileges of citizenship and taking his stand with those men who throw the weight of their influence on the side of general progress and improvement. VICTOR J. CONRAD. Victor J. Conrad, one of the younger members of the bar of pe Forest city, whose comparative youth, however, seems no detriment to his progress in his chosen vocation, was born in Cleveland, December 23, 1886. His father, Joseph Conrad, was born in Germany, March 19, 1840, and was a son of Jacob Conrad, who came to the United States about thirty-five years ago, living retired in this country. His ancestors were active in the wars of the old country, the grandfather having been a brigadier general in the Polish army, serving with the revolutionists who fought for freedom. His military spirit was ever a dominant quality with him and throughout his life he showed the effect of his military training. His son, Joseph Conrad, came to the United States forty years ago and made his way direct to Cleveland, where he engaged in the cooperage business in connection with the Standard Oil Company, In his later years, however, he turned his attention to real-estate dealing and as a representative of that business became widely known. He was the owner and publisher of the Morning Star, the lead- ing Polish newspaper of Cleveland. He founded that journal, which is still in ex- istence, although he sold out before his death, which occurred November 29, 1908. He was active in politics and exerted a wide-felt influence among his fellow 168 - HISTORY OF CLEVELAND countrymen. His wife, who bore the maiden name of Josephine Lewitsky, was born in Germany in 1848 and died June 9, 1892. In the public schools of Cleveland Victor J. Conrad began his education, and for a year was a pupil in the Central high school, but was graduated from the East high school. He is also a graduate of the Central Manual Training School of the class of 1904 and of the Western Reserve University Law School, which he attended for three years. In 1908 he was admitted to the bar and began practice, making a specialty of criminal law, for which his keen analytical mind, his ready understanding of the relation of cause and effect and his superior gift of oratory well qualify him. His pleas are characterized by a terse, decisive logic and in argument he employs the gifts of oratory to elicit his points, which, however, are always based upon a thorough understanding of the law. On the 28th of January, 1909, Mr. Conrad was married to Miss Nora B. Swearingen, a daughter of Robert and Martha (Brock) Swearingen, of Midvale, Ohio. Mrs. Conrad is a graduate of the Western Reserve University of the class of 1908, winning there the Bachelor of Arts degree. Mr. Conrad belongs to the Knights of the Modern Maccabees. Politically he is an unfaltering republican and in 1909 was the candidate of the twenty- fourth ward for the city council. This seems to be preeminently the age of young men, for it is those whose years of manhood are comparatively few who seem to be shaping the destinies of city, state and country in matters commercial and political. While he has but passed the twenty-third milestone on life's journey Mr. Conrad has already wielded considerable local influence in public affairs and if he continues his activity in political lines will undoubtedly become a strong factor in political circles of Cleveland. STEPHEN S. CREADON. Stephen S. Creadon, president and manager of the Standard Brewing Company and also of the Lake City Ice Company, is a splendid example of the progressive and successful business man of the present, who, when he believes in the possibility of success for a project or undertaking, never hesitates to give to it the assistance of his energy, effort and careful management. A native of Cleveland, Mr. Creadon was born in 1865 and when a lad began sailing on the Great Lakes, devoting about eight years to that department of labor. The opportunity for advancement, however, was not sufficient to render such work attractive to one of his ambitious nature and, turning his attention to other lines, he was, for about four years, in the employ of a gasoline stove manufacturing concern. While his work in that connection was that of a skilled mechanic in the ornamental department, the financial return was not in keeping with what he felt he was able to earn. Therefore with the capital that he could command at that time he entered upon his first business venture, turning his attention to mercantile lines. This was in 1893, and the succeeding six years, during which he conducted a retail business at the corner of Detroit and West business capacity and foresight, enabling him to detect opportunity for industrial Twenty-fifth streets, not only added to his financial resources but developed his development. In 1904 Mr. Creadon promoted the Standard Brewing Company, of which he became president and manager, a relation that he has borne to the company ever since. The success• of this enterprise has been such as to place it in a foremost position among the leading breweries of the city. Entering the field against formidable competition, the growth of his undertaking has been remarkable. With a most modern equipment and a product noted for its purity and excellence, and with management that is able and competent, the success has been well merited. The bottling department of this plant is one of its special HISTORY OF CLEVELAND - 171 features and contains all of the apparatus necessary for the conduct of that branch of the business. The well known brands, Erin Brew and Ehren Brau, originated here and, while the most popular brands in the city, are suggestive of the nationality of the stockholders of the company. The prominent part that Mr. Creadon has taken in the success of this industry reflects no small amount of credit upon him. He organized the Lake City Ice Company in 1996 and has been its president ever since. He has shown himself to be a man of unusual business capacity and adaptation, for whatever he has undertaken he has carried to success. In 1894 Mr. Creadon was married to Miss Catherine A. McLaughlin, of this city, and they have one son, George E., born May 2, 1895, who is a student in St. Ignatius College. The family are identified with St. Patrick's church. Mr. Creadon holds a life membership in Cleveland Aerie, No. 135, F. O. E., and is also a member of the Auto Club. JOHN GEORGE SPENZER, M. D,, PH.D., F. C. S. Dr. John George Spenzer, a distinguished chemist and physician of Cleveland, whose contributions to chemical and medical literature have also brought him wide reputation and high professional honors, was born on Webster avenue, in Cleveland, September 6, 1864, the second son of Dr. Peter I. and Mary T. (Molloy) Spenzer. He attended the Brownell street and Central high schools in the ac- quirement of his preliminary education, and also received thorough private instruction. On the 15th of September, 188o, he matriculated in the medical department of the Western Reserve University, from which he was graduated with the M. D. degree, but according to the state laws could not be granted a diploma until he attained his majority. From 1880 until 1884 he acted as lecturer and laboratory assistant to Professor Edward W. Morley at the medical school. From 1884 until 1887 he was post-graduate lecturer and laboratory assistant in chemis- try and mineralogy for the same at Adelbert College of the Western Reserve Uni- versity, and during the summer course of 1886 he lectured on chemistry at the medical school. From 1887 until 1888 he busied himself with private research chemical work in his own laboratory on Central avenue, and from 1888 until 1891, owing to financial reverses, he filled a position as chief prescription clerk in the pharmacy of Fred \V. Schneller at Rich and High streets in Columbus. On the 4th of November, 1891, Dr. Spenzer matriculated as candidate in chemistry at the natural science faculty of the Imperial University at Strassburg, Alsace, Germany, and was graduated therefrom on the 24th of October, 1893, with the degree of Doctor of Philosophy, completing the course in a shorter time than any student of chemistry in that institution. From October, 1893, until March, 1894, he did research work in pharmacology and physiologic chemistry in the medical department of the same, and from the latter date until July, 1894, he was a student at the University of Paris in the following schools : "EcOle pratique Faculte de Medecine;" "Musee l'Histoire Naturelles ;" the "Sorbonne ;" and "EcOle des Mines." In September, 1894, upon his return to Cleveland, Dr. Spenzer was elected instructor in experimental therapeutics and pharmacology at the medical department of the Western Reserve University, where he remained until May, 1896. In 1895 he was also elected professor of chemistry in the dental school of the same university but refused to serve, although his name was kept on the faculty for two years. From May until September, 1895, he did research medical chemistry at the Medical-Chemical Institute, University of Bern, Switzerland. Dr. Spenzer is widely known as one of the leading medical educators of the country. From 1896 to the present time he has been professor of general and medical chemistry and pharmacology in the Cleveland College of Physicians and 172 - HISTORY OF CLEVELAND Surgeons, the medical department of Ohio Wesleyan University. Very early he was regarded as a great toxicologist, and is considered in this country an authority on legal chemistry in criminal courts. Besides the degrees of Doctor of Medicine and Philosophy, he is a member of the Philomatic Society of Alsace-Lorraine, Germany, (Strassburg, 1892) ; German Chemical Society (Berlin, 1893) ; Fellow of the English Chemical Society (London, 1894) ; member of the American Association for the Advancement of Science (Cleveland, 1888) ; Fellow (Springfield, Massachusetts, 1895) ; member Ohio Pharmaceutical Association (Columbus, 1888, honorary, Cleveland, 1897) ; Cleveland Pharmaceutical Association, honorary (1894) ; Cleveland Chemical Society (1894) ; Cleveland Medical Society (1895) ; Ohio State Medical Society (1896) ; American Medical Association (1898). Being the son of an apothecary and later a physician, he was early initiated into the rigid discipline of the pharmacy of the period of his youth, and took a deep interest in its various departments in a practical way until he left it permanently in 1891. His first laboratory instruction in chemistry was received at the old Wooster Medical College in the summer of 1878, later at the Central high school under H. C. Foote, probably the best teacher of chemistry which Cleveland ever had, then for seven years he was student and assistant under Edward W. Morley. Besides the foregoing Dr. Spenzer has benefited by the instruction of Buecking, Chantemesse, Drechsel, Fittig, Fournier, Friedel, Goltz, Hoppe-Seyler, Kohlrausch, Parker, Schmiedeberg, Scott, Solms-Laubach, Weber and Widal. Of his experimental researches the following are especially noteworthy, having attracted universal attention and are widely accepted as authority by the profession: 1881-1882. Crystalline glycerine, noticed for the first time in America and the second case described (Proceedings Ohio State Pharmaceutical Association, 1882). 1887. Ethyl nitrite, color, boiling point and specific gravity (Proc. 0. S. P. A.). 1891. Phenol—delicacy of tests for (Proc. A. S. P. A. and American Association for the Advance of Science). 1891-1893. On the behavior of allylmalonic, allylacetic and ethylidene propionic acids when boiled with caustic soda solutions ; contributions to the knowledge of propylidene acetic acid (Dissertation, Strassburg, Germany). Published in Liebig's Annalen, Transaction of the German Chemical Society, (Journal American Chemical Society, etc., etc.). Theoretically, at least, a research of great value in explanation of the shifting of the double bond in unsaturated organic acids, Pioneer in character and repeatedly corroborated as regards the assertions and explanatory evidence therein contained. 1892. Crystallography of oxethyl dibrom methyl ketone naphthalin (Strassburg, Groth's Zeitschr. F. Mineralogie.) 1893. Crystallographic study of B-Bromvalerianic acid (Strassburg) (in American Journal of Science, February, 1895) (Groth's Zeitschr, fuer Mineralogie, 1893). 1894. The grade of ethernarcosis in relation to the amount of inhaled ether vapor. (Strassburg; Archiv. Experimentelle Pathologie and Pharmakologie Vol. 23, 1894 and Proc. A. A. S., 1894.) 1895. On antidotes for hydrocyanic acid. 1898. On the production of a carbohydrate from egg albumen ; being a re' search work in opposition to the theories of Dr. F. W. Pavy of England, 1895. Besides these Dr. Spenzer has published some fifty papers of a scientific character on chemistry, hygiene, pharmacy, pharmacology and toxicology and is the author of "The Principles of Pharmacology," 1899, A. 7. On the 15th of June, 1898, Dr. Spenzer was married at Cuyahoga Falls, Ohio, to Miss Minnie Elizabeth Kittelberger, a daughter of Christian Kittelberger, now deceased, who was owner of a tannery at Cuyahoga Falls. They reside at No. 1825 East Ninety-third street. Dr. Spenzer is always busily employed with the HISTORY OF CLEVELAND - 173 duties of his profession as a practitioner, as a lecturer and with his scientific researches and investigations, together with the preparation of articles for the press and for various medical societies. He has wisely used the powers and talents with which nature has endowed him and which have carried him into important professional relations, winning him distinguished honors and successes. PETER IGNATIUS SPENZER, M. D. Dr. Peter Ignatius Spenzer, to whose efforts was largely attributable the founding of the School of Pharmacy at Cleveland and who for many years continued in the active practice of medicine and surgery in this city, was born on the 6th of August, 1837, in the little hamlet of Aschhausen, romantically located in the valley of the Jagst, and nestled in among the foothills of the Black Forest mountains, in the kingdom of Wurtemberg, Germany. He was left an orphan when quite young and when sixteen years of age his independent character rebelled against an unjust and severe guardian, who insisted that he become a cobbler. He was the son of a shepherd but he had ambitions higher than cobbling and because of the insistence of his guardian he departed friendless and almost penniless for America when but sixteen years of age. Making his way to Hull, England, he sailed directly for the western world and located first in New Jersey, where he remained for one year, working on a farm and also putting forth every possible effort to acquire a knowledge of the English language. The following year he went to Pittsburg, Pennsylvania, and took up the study of pharmacy with the firm of Fleming Brothers. Arriving in Cleveland, Ohio, in 1856, he served in succession in the pharmacies of Parker & Butler, Benton & Dunham, Dr. C. O. Benton and Hugo Hensch, acting as manager of the last named. Following the outbreak of the Civil war Dr. Spenzer joined the Union army as a member of the First Ohio Light Artillery, but was soon detached and appointed hospital steward at Louisville, Kentucky, by Colonel, now General Barnett. This position he filled for a year and was then honorably discharged because of failing health. On his return to Cleveland he entered into partnership with Louis Smithnight, under the firm name of Smithnight & Spenzer, which was dissolved in 1869, when he opened the first pharmacy in Central avenue, then Garden street. Dr. Spenzer took up the study of medicine in 1870 and was graduated in 1873 from the medical department of the University of Wooster at Cleveland. He at once entered upon the active practice of his profession and so continued until his death, which occurred in 1896, at the age of fifty-nine years. He enjoyed a large and lucrative practice and was the house physician to the Little Sisters of the Poor for twenty-five years. To his efforts may largely be attributed the founding of the School of Pharmacy, of which he became one of the incorporators. He was also a member of the local, state and national medical and pharmaceutical societies, in which he ever took a deep interest. He became a member of the American Pharmaceutical Association in 1871 and joined the Ohio State Pharmaceutical Association on its organization. He was also a chief factor in the formation of the Cleveland Pharmaceutical Association'. He was also very active in numerous fraternal orders, and especially in the Independent Order of Foresters, in which he held high official rank. Dr. Spenzer was united in marriage to Miss Mary T. Molloy, a native of Ire- land and a daughter of a landowner of County Dublin. Brought to America when twelve years of age, she acquired her education in the Rockwell school of Cleveland and is still living in this city at the age of seventy-two years. Dr. and Mrs. Spenzer became the parents of nine children, six of whom are now living and who were provided with excellent literary and scientific educations. These are: Dr. John G. Spenzer, Mary H., Dr. Eugene A., Mrs. J. I. Peckham, Ida and Maude. The life record of Dr. Spenzer stands as a splendid example of the combination of 174 - HISTORY OF CLEVELAND individual ambition and ability with American opportunities. Arriving in a country where he had no friends and was without knowledge of the language of the people, the force of his character, his firm determination and his high ideals carried him continuously forward, while his study and research brought him promi nence in the field of labor which he chose as a life work. His entire life was a manifestation of the intelligent appreciation and utilization of opportunities. He knew that the riches of learning may be secured by any who have persistency of purpose to seek them, and soon overcoming the lack of advantages of his earlier years, he climbed continuously to heights far beyond those which the majority of mankind gains. CHARLES L. F. WIEBER. Charles L. F. Wieber, vice president and general manager of the Rauch & Lang Carriage Company, manufacturers of electric pleasure cars, having one of the most extensive plants and manufacturing the finest electric vehicles in the world, has come to be widely recognized as one of the successful business men of Cleveland. A native of this city, he was born February 15, 1861. He is the son of Jacob B. and Salome Wieber. The father was a native of Baden, Germany, and came to America at the age of nineteen years, locating in Cleveland, where he engaged in the tailoring business until his death, which occurred here in 1870 at the age of thirty-six. On arriving in Cleveland, he entered the employ of Mr. Moley, a tailor occupying a shop at the corner of Detroit and Pearl streets, and after two years he bought out his employer. Several years later he erected one of the first business blocks on Detroit street, near that corner, remaining there until the present Detroit block was built, to which he removed. Jacob Wieber continued to conduct a high class tailoring establishment until his death, after which his wife carried on the business until their son Charles was old enough to take active charge. Mrs. Jacob Wieber, who was Miss Salome Zipf, was also a native of Baden Baden and still survives her husband. Charles L. F. Wieber is the only surviving son in a family of five children, three of whom are living. He was the third in order of birth and was educated in private schools until the age of thirteen years, when he pursued a course in the Spencerian Business College. Educated for a business rather than a professional career, after leaving school he became associated with his mother in the conduct of the business which the husband and father had established. Shortly afterward he assumed active charge. Mr. Wieber early in life began to learn the practical side of business affairs and displayed from the beginning unusual ability for his years. That he was fully competent to assume the responsibilities incident to the general management of the business, was shown by its subsequent success and development. Conducted in keeping with the most progressive spirit, it soon outdistanced all competitors not only in volume of trade but also in the personnel of its patrons. This growth necessitated a more central location. In 1902 the business was incorporated. as the Wieber Company, merchant tailors, with Charles L. F. Wieber as president and treasurer, and for the succeeding years until 1910, the business was carried on in the Lennox building at No. 919 Euclid avenue. As the practical head of the company, Mr. Wieber shaped its policies and originated its methods. Through his exceptional management, the business became the largest and most exclusive men's tailoring establishment west of New York. This house set the standard for workmanship and style in Cleveland and had the patronage of the best clientele of the city. As the years passed and success attended his efforts, Mr. Wieber branched out into other fields. His sound business judgment and active cooperation HISTORY OF CLEVELAND - 177 soon became valuable factors in the successful and profitable control of dif- ferent undertakings. As a result of the magnitude and importance of such enterprises, Mr. Wieber on February 1, 191o, disposed of his interests in the Wieber Company, thus severing his connection with a business that had been conducted by the family for a half century. At that time the Cleveland Leader, in mentioning Mr. Wieber's change in business, said in part : "On February 1st, Charles L. F. Wieber, who has been identified as the head of the Wieber Company for many years and due to whose exceptional management the business has become one of the greatest west of New York, will retire from that firm. Much of the success that he has enjoyed in the business was due to the men with whom he surrounded himself. To these men he has given over his interests. They will in the future try to emulate the policy which has made the Wieber Company one of the best known in the United States. This move was deemed wise, in fact was made necessary, through the remarkable growth of the Rauch & Lang Carriage Company, of which he is vice president and general manager. Three years ago Mr. Wieber joined the force of the Rauch & Lang Company and since that time he has given more or less time to the management. This growth of the business since he entered the firm has, however, made the devoting of his entire time and energies necessary. Mr. Wieber's business career has been most successful but of all the enterprises in which he has an interest, none have grown with such rapidity as has the electric vehicle business of the Rauch & Lang Company. Much of the success of that concern is due to his business acumen, shrewdness and activity. The methods which made the Wieber Company so remarkably successful have been applied the past three years by Mr. Wieber in the Rauch & Lang Carriage Company. The fruits of his labors have proved so remarkable that his entire time and energy is demanded, which he will begin to devote to the further promoting and developing of the Rauch & Lang Carriage Company. A big increase of business is expected to be the result of this change in which Mr. Wieber will become actively the financial and managerial head of the Rauch & Lang Company." Mr. Wieber is also president of the Lakewood Realty Company, president of the Qetroit Street Investment Company, a director and member of the finance board Of the Forest City Savings & Trust Company, a director of the George P. Faerber Company, a director in the Workingmen's Collateral Loan Company, and interested in various other financial and industrial enterprises. All of these connections are but tangible proof of the marked business ability of Mr. Wieber, who has wrought along well defined lines of labor and has made most judicious investments. In all of his business activities he has followed where keen discrimination and rare judgment have led the way and there are few, if any, points in his business career where he could have accomplished larger things at that given point. Mr. Wieber's greatest success lies in his ability to master details. He has always believed in the old adage : "Take care of the little, things and the large ones will take care of themselves." The spirit of this saying has characterized his every move and especially since entering the Rauch & Lang Company, the success of which depends upon a constant and careful supervision of details. In a concern of this size such a task is no sinecure, especially when it is taken into consideration that the business is now capitalized at one million dollars. Twice since Mr. Wieber has joined the company the capital has been increased—a fact which to the thinking man proves conclusively that the course Mr. Wieber has pursued is not only logical but demonstrates also the soundness of his deductions. On the 8th of January, 1889, Mr. Wieber was married to Miss Martha E. Dietz, a daughter of George Dietz, one of the prominent and pioneer German residents of Cleveland. Their four children are : Charles L. F., Jr., Alvina E., Martha and Walter D. Mr. Wieber is a republican, supporting the party at the polls, yet not active in its ranks. He is well known in different f rater- 178 - HISTORY OF CLEVELAND nal and social relations, having attained the Knight Templar degree in Forest City Commandery, while he has also crossed the sands of the desert with the nobles of Al Koran Temple of the Mystic Shrine. He is likewise a member and director of Clifton Club and a member of the Cleveland Athletic Club. His religious faith is indicated through his church relations with the Presbyterian denomination. He has a fine home on Lake avenue with five acres on the lake front, erecting there a handsome residence about two years ago. He is a man of athletic build and fine personal appearance and of dignified manner, impressing one at once with the force of character that has enabled him to reach the enviable position which he today occupies in the business circles of the city. HENRY JACKSON SHERWOOD. Henry Jackson Sherwood, one of Cleveland's pharmacists, was born in this city May 5, 1863. His father, Henry Jackson Sherwood, a native of New York city, came to Cleveland in 1859 and was engaged in the real estate business to the time of his death, which occurred in 1891. His widow, Mrs. Mary (Glass) Sherwood, survived until 1904. In the public schools Henry Jackson Sherwood pursued his studies through successive grades until he entered the high school, in which he spent two years, not finishing the course. He was seventeen years of age when he made his initial step in the business world as a clerk in the drug store of W. H. Flood, with whom he continued for six years, during which time he gained a comprehensive knowledge of the methods in vogue in the commercial world and also of the compounding and medicinal properties of drugs. He was well qualified by long and varied experience when he entered business on his own account, opening a drug store at the corner of Fifty-fifth street and Woodland avenue, in January, 1886. He has remained at this location continuously since and carries a large line of physicians' supplies, while he sends upon the road traveling salesmen who cover the entire northwestern section of the state. This is one of the largest retail pharmacies of the city and the company are wholesale agents for numerous pharmaceutical manufactures. From a comparatively small beginning Mr. Sherwood has developed a business of extensive and profitable proportions and the well kept and attractive appearance of the store is one of the salient features in the growth of the trade. Mr. Sherwood is well known among the druggists of Cleveland and was one of the organizers of the Mutual Drug Company of this city, an organization whose membership includes about three hundred retail druggists. The company conducts a large wholesale trade and from the beginning Mr. Sherwood has been at its head as the president. That he is interested in municipal affairs and public progress is indicated in his long continued membership in the Chamber of Commerce. He cooperates in many movements for the general good and his labors have been a resultant factor along lines of public benefit. He resides at No. 7413 Carnegie avenue. FRANK T. MITCHELL. Frank T. Mitchell was born December 26, 1881, in Detroit, Michigan, and is the youngest of a family of two sons and two daughters whose parents were James I. and Henrietta Mitchell. The father, who died January 22, 1888, was at one time engaged in the grocery business in Detroit, where he was also somewhat prominent in political circles, serving as register of deeds and as city alderman for two terms. His widow still survives. HISTORY OF CLEVELAND - 179 Frank T. Mitchell was a public school pupil in Detroit to the time of his com- pletion of the course by graduation in June, 1895. He entered business life as a clerk in a cigar store of that city, where he remained for a year, after which he was employed for another year in Detroit as assistant bookkeeper for John T. Woodhouse, wholesale dealer in cigars and tobacco. He left his native city to become cashier in the English Woolen Mills Company of Cleveland, August 15, 1897. He was then sixteen years of age and received a salary of eight dollars per week. Merit gradually won him promotion, however, to the successive positions of salesman, assistant manager, manager and vice president, being called to the latter position in February, 1903. He worked in Cleveland from August 15, 1897, until March, 1902, when the English Woolen Mills Company opened a store in Detroit and he was sent there as assistant manager, while later he was advanced to the position of manager and remained in that capacity until September 15, 1903, when the company opened their Cincinnati (Ohio) store and through the suc- ceeding year Mr. Mitchell was the manager at that point. In September, 1904, he returned to Cleveland, which is the headquarters for the five stores of the company, and has remained as manager at this point to the present time or for about six years. In his political views Mr. Mitchell is a republican but aside from exercising his right of franchise in support of the men and measures of the party is not an active politician. He belongs to Tyrian Lodge, No. 370, F. & A. M., which he joined in the year 1906 and soon after became a member of Cleveland Chapter, No. 148, R. A. M. He was formerly a member of the Colonial Club and is a mem- ber of the Presbyterian church. He is unmarried. Realizing at the outset of his career that merit wins and that advancement is secured through capability and fidelity, he has made those qualities the keynote of his success. Gradually he has risen in the commercial world to a remunerative position and one of large responsibility. JOHN MARVIN INGERSOLL, M. D. The tendency of the age is toward specialization. In all professional lines knowledge has been so broadened through investigation and research and has become so complex as a result of existing conditions that it would be impossible for any individual to thoroughly master every branch of any profession. With comprehensive knowledge of the basic principles of the practice of medicine and surgery, Dr. Ingersoll, in accordance with the tendency of the times, has made a specialty of otology, rhinology and laryngology, in which connections he has become widely and prominently known both as an educator and practitioner. He was born in Youngstown, Ohio, March ii, 1869. His father, Rev, W. M. In- gersoll, a native of the state of New,York, located in Youngstown in the '6os. He was a minister of the Baptist church and followed that holy calif!** until his retirement a number of years ago, much of his labor in behalf of the church being done in Youngstown, Ohio, and in Washington, D. C. He is now living in Cleveland at the age of eighty-two years. His wife bore the maiden- name of Rose C. Stone and was a representative of an old Connecticut family, her parents, however, coming to the Western Reserve in pioneer times. Dr. Ingersoll, in pursuing his education, attended successively the Columbian College Preparatory School at Washington, D. C., Brooks Military Academy of Cleveland and Adelbert College of the Western Reserve University, from which he was graduated with the Bachelor of Arts degree in 1891. Subsequently his alma mater conferred upon him the Master of Arts degree. His literary course completed, he next entered the medical department of the Western Re- serve University and was graduated on completion of the regular course in 1893. His first practical experience in the line of his profession came to him through more than a year's service in the City Hospital, where his labors were varied 180 - HISTORY OF CLEVELAND and of an important nature, bringing him broad and comprehensive knowledge. Subsequently he traveled in Europe, studying in Vienna, Berlin and London, two and a half years being devoted to research and investigation there, especially in the treatment of the diseases of the nose, throat and ear. Following his return to his native land he located in Cleveland and was appointed assistant in the nose, throat and ear department of the Western Reserve University dispensary. He was also made lecturer on otology, rhinology and laryngology in the medical department of that school from 1895 until 1903 and since the latter year he has been assistant professor of those branches. He has also been surgeon in charge of the nose, throat and ear department at the Lakeside Hospital since its establishment and he is likewise laryngologist of the City Hospital. His extensive and thorough investigation along the lines of his specialty has made him one of the foremost representatives of that department of professional service in Cleveland. Dr. Ingersoll is moreover a member of the council of the Cleveland Medical Library Association, also a member of the Cleveland Academy of Medicine and a member of the American Laryngological Association, the American Laryngological, Rhinological and Otological Society, the American Medical Association, the Ohio State Medical Society and the American Association for the Advancement of Science. For a number of years he has been doing original work in the comparative anatomy and development of the nose and -throat and has written many valuable papers relative thereto for publication in various professional journals. In October, 1900, Dr. Ingersoll was married in Franklin, Pennsylvania, to Miss Catharine L. Garvin. Although his professional services make constant demands upon his time, Dr. Ingersoll is a member of the Union, University and Country Clubs. THOMAS JOPLING. On the honor roll of Cleveland appears the name of Thomas Jopling. In his life splendid business ability and broad humanitarianism were well balanced features. He was one of those whose activity and enterprise were elements in pushing forward the wheels of progress but never were his attention and activities so self-centered that participation in movements for the public good found no place in his life. On the contrary organized charity received his ready assistance and his generous aid was given in hundreds of individual cases. His sympathy was quick and his heart and hand made ready response, nor was he lacking in that strength of purpose and firm resolve which are so essential in the business life. He was born in Northumberland county, England; January 10, 1841. The death of his father, occasioned by an accident, left a family of seven young children without provision for their support but they were adopted by relatives and Thomas Jopling became a member of the family of his mother's brother, Thomas Halliday, a man of unusually fine character, who conducted an extensive and profitable business in connection with the coal and iron industries. He provided Thomas Jopling with opportunities for acquiring a good practical English education and then took him into his own office that he might receive there the business training necessary for the active affairs of life. After two years Mr. Halliday obtained for his nephew another position where he would have opportunities for acquiring a broad and varied experience and he entered the Sheepbridge Iron Works, then managed by the late William Fowler, M. P., a brother of Sir John Fowler, an eminent English civil engineer, who built the London underground railway. For four years Mr. Jopling continued in the HISTORY OF CLEVELAND - 183 office of the Sheepbridge Iron Works and his training and experience there constituted a splendid foundation upon which to build future success. In the meantime he was looking over the business world and, believing that the United States offered excellent advantages, he resolved to come to the new world and sailed for this land in 1864. Interested in agricultural pursuits, he purchased a small farm near Enon Valley in Pennsylvania, but as he had no practical knowledge concerning the work of tilling the fields it required but a brief experience for him to become convinced that farming was not his vocation. It was well that he early came to a realization of this fact else Cleveland might have been denied the assistance and stimulus which he gave to her business circles. The future held in store for him larger opportunities than were offered in agricultural lines and his intelligent appreciation of advantages and chances was one of his strong and salient characteristics. On leaving the farm he secured a situation in the office of Freeman Butts, a coal operator in Pennsylvania, who was once a resident of Cleveland. In this connection Mr. Jopling bent every energy toward the mastery of the duties that devolved upon him and to the acquirement of knowledge that would serve him well in business circles. With a nature that could not be content with mediocrity and with laud- able ambition which awakened in him the desire to one day engage in business on his own account, he put forth every effort to obtain the capital necessary to this end. As the result of his industry and careful expenditure he was at length enabled to join William A. Robinson of Cleveland in a partnership and they opened a coal mine near Palestine, Ohio. While thus engaged Mr. Joplin formed the acquaintance of C. A. Otis, founder and proprietor of the Otis Iron Works of Cleveland. Mr. Otis, notable as a judge of men, quickly recognized Mr. Jopling's fine business talents and capabilities and made him a proposition to come to Cleveland and take charge of his office. The offer was accepted and Cleveland gained a citizen whose worth was widely acknowledged, his abilities carrying him into business relations, while his unswerving integrity and genial kindliness gained him the honor, respect and sincere affection of those with whom he came in contact. Entering upon his duties in Cleveland, Mr. Jopling had charge of the office of the Otis Iron Works until they were sold, when he entered into partnership with Mr. Otis in the building of the Otis Steel & Iron Works, which were put into operation about 1874 with Mr. Jopling as financial manager. Later he was influential in successfully negotiating and completing the sale of this large concern to an English syndicate. He retained an interest in the works, however, and was one of the managing directors of the new company—a position which he held at the time of his death. A man of resourceful ability, quickly recognizing opportunities and coordinating forces into a harmonious whole, his worth and work made him a valued factor in the industrial development of Cleveland, upon which the prosperity of the city has so largely rested. He became one of the founders and the president of the American Wire Works, also one of the city's mammoth and important manufacturing enterprises. He was likewise the vice president of the East End Savings Bank and a director in the Citizens Savings & Loan Association, now the Citizens Savings & Trust Company. He was also largely interested in the Mutual and Orient lines of lake boats, like- wise in the Cleveland street railways and various other enterprises in this and other cities. His wonderfully clear and direct business insight, his sound and experienced judgment as well as his well known disposition to render aid and lend his influence to all worthy purposes, caused him to be frequently called upon for advice and assistance and also became the means by which he acquired various interests in many corporations and companies. In 1864 Mr. Jopling was united in marriage to Miss Mary Clayton, a daughter of John Clayton, one of the prominent coal operators and highly re- spected citizens of the ancient .town of Chesterfield, England. Mrs. Jopling was born at Stone Middleton, which place is known as the Switzerland of Eng- 184 - HISTORY OF CLEVELAND land because of its beautiful scenery. Three children were born unto Mr. and Mrs. Jopling, two sons and a daughter. Reginald F., the eldest, born October 27, 1866, was graduated from the Central high school of Cleveland with the class of 1885. He then entered the Columbia School of Mines in New York and was graduated with the class of 1889 with the degree of E. M. He afterward became identified with the Otis Steel Company and the American Wire Company— with the former as a chemist and the latter as president and general manager until the corporations were sold to the United States Steel Company. Since that time Mr. Jopling has been engaged as a consulting engineer. He is one of the organizers and a director and secretary of the Meridian Publishing Company, which publishes the Cleveland News. He is one of the organizers and the president of the Ingersoll Amusement Company, owning Luna Park, and an organizer and director of the Tavistock Building Company. He belongs to the Union and University Clubs and is a member of St. Paul's Episcopal church. He married Anna Mitchell, of Cleveland, and they have three children: Catharine Heller, Thomas and Anita. Thomas Halliday, the second son, a man of excellent ability, has on account of ill health been compelled to relinquish business connections. He married Florence M. Dixon and with their son, Thomas Reginald, they reside at Willoughby. Florence M., the daughter, is the wife of Francisco Escobar, a Spanish South American, and they reside in New York. They have three children: Mary Mercides, Francisco Ennis and Florence Leonora. For some years prior to his death, Mr. Jopling had in mind the development of an estate patterned after the English country homes and with that idea in view he purchased several hundred acres of land at Willoughby but death claimed him before he had opportunity to begin the work of development there. The family carried out his plans, however, and Willoughby Hall is now one of the most beautiful places in this section of the state and is the family homestead. The death of Mr. Jopling occurred February 18, 1894, his remains being interred in Lakeview cemetery. While he was a very successful man in his business ventures and established and promoted enterprises which grew to large proportions and became among the most important sources of revenue for Cleveland—in that the prosperity of every city depends upon its business interests—it was not alone what he accomplished by reason of his initiative and executive ability that gained him a high place in the regard of his fellowmen. Many other traits of his character were equally pronounced and of equal value. He possessed a broad spirit of humanitarianism and no man ever more fully realized the obligations and responsibilities of wealth. He gave generous and ready assistance to all movements looking toward the upbuilding of the city and the enlargement of her industrial and commercial importance, his patriotic devotion to her welfare being manifest in many tangible ways but above and beyond this he possessed an eminently sympathetic and charitable nature, • responding readily to every appeal that was made to him for the aid of the poor and needy and the discouraged and distressed. His benef actions were many and he made no distinctions in creeds or beliefs in his charity. He gave freely not from any sense of duty but from sincere interest in his fellowmen, and his charity was of a most quiet and unostentatious nature, many of his acts of kindness being known not even to the members of his family until after his death. While he did not formally unite with any religious organization after coming to America he followed the teachings of his youth and the spirit of Christianity found embodiment in much that he did. In manner he was most genial, courteous and kindly, enjoying life and its opportunities, his friends and their companionship. He was a valued member of the Union, Roadside and Country Clubs and delighted in meeting the members of those organizations in social converse, but his greatest interest centered in his home. He never regarded it as beneath his dignity to join his children in any game of childhood and he stood as a high type of the devoted husband and loving father. He also HISTORY OF CLEVELAND - 185 held friendship inviolable and his loyalty to a friend was never questioned. He found his chief recreation in travel, usually spending his vacations with his family in Europe, where he did not follow the paths usually taken by the tourist but wandered from place to place as fancy and inclination dictated. He was a man of broad, general culture, of marked strength in business connections, of high purposes and lofty ideals, and the influence which he exerted upon the world's work was no inconsiderable one. GEORGE D. COWLEY. George D. Cowley, who has been connected with the commercial tile interests of Cleveland for a long period of years and has been a conspicuous figure in some of the more popular clubs here, is now the treasurer of the Hill Clutch Company, with offices at the foot of West Fifty-eighth street. He was born in Galion, Ohio, July 23, 1863, a son of John R. and Cicalia P. (Deming) Cowley. The former was a building contractor and died in this city February 3, 1906. The mother has also passed away, her death having occurred July 6, 1892. They were numbered among the older settlers of this section of Ohio, having come here from New York state. George D. Cowley was five years old when he came with his parents to take up his residence in Cleveland. At the usual age he became a pupil in the public school, and having passed through the successive grades entered the high school, in which he completed his practical preparation for life. When he embarked upon his business career, he secured a position with J. C. Batchelor & Company dealers in coal, remaining with them eight years. Later he entered the Union National Bank and was connected with that institution for the next twenty years. From October 1 1907, he has been identified with the Hill Clutch Company, as treasurer. The Hill Clutch Company was organized as a partnership in 1884 and incorporated in 1888. They manufacture transmission machinery, their clutches being the best on the market, and where severe service is required they are gen- erally specified. The United States government specified their clutches for use in the Panama Canal work and their product is sold all over the world. Theirs is a splendidly equipped plant and employment is furnished to between four and five hundred people. Mr. Cowley has the satisfaction of knowing that he has contributed materially to the advancement of the concern, in this way promoting the development of Cleveland enterprises as well. When the American Institute of Bank Clerks was organized in Cleveland some years ago, Mr. Cowley was elected its first president. His executive abilities again found exercise during the term he acceptably occupied the president's chair of the Tippecanoe Club. He still is a member of that organization and of stalwart defendant of their principles, but never one who aspired to official pre the Euclid Club as well. Politically the republicans have always found him a ferment as a reward for party fealty. C. J. MANIX. C. J. Manix, deceased, who at one time was general manager of the Planet Oil Company and a member of the Ohio legislature during Governor Herrick's administration, died on the 3d of February, 1908. He had lived in Cleveland during the greater part of his life, coming to this city in 1852 from La Fayette, Indiana. He was born in the Hoosier state in 1851 but the following year his parents removed to Cleveland, where he acquired a portion of his education, also pursuing his studies for a time in Chicago. On entering business life he was 186 - HISTORY OF CLEVELAND first engaged as bookkeeper in the office of an oil company but gradually working his way upward as his ability, fidelity and trustworthiness won recognition, he eventually reached the responsible position of general manager of the Planet Oil Company. His father died when he was only a year old and from an early age he was dependent upon his own resources and could well be termed a self- made man. Although he met with difficulties and obstacles at the outset of his career, he steadily worked his way upward in the face of opposition that always constitutes a feature of business life, and became known as a leading representative of commercial interests in Cleveland. He never made engagements that he did not keep nor incurred obligations that he did not meet; and among his business contemporaries and associates he was regarded as the soul of commercial honor. Mr. Manix was united in marriage in Circleville, Ohio, to Miss Mary F. Moss, whose father, John Moss, was one of the early settlers of Ohio. He became a large cattle man, dealing extensively in live stock at the Chicago Stock Yards. He was also the organizer of the stock yards at Omaha, Nebraska, and in his business connections became known from coast to coast. To Mr. and Mrs. Manix were born four children, namely : Helen, Elizabeth, Mary and John, all living. Since 1906 the family residence has been at what is now No. 49 Brightwood street. Mr. Manix was well known in Cleveland as a prominent representative of political activity, being an earnest republican. He held membership with the Tippecanoe and Western Reserve Clubs and was interested in many progressive public measures which his judgment endorsed as beneficial to the city at large. He belonged to St. Edward's church and was very active in all of the affairs pertaining to the interest of the parish in which he lived. That he was a generous man of benevolent spirit was frequently indicated in the aid which he gave to the poor and also by reason of his membership in the Associated Charities, with which he became connected soon after its organization. He measured fully up to the standard of honorable manhood, displayed discriminating judgment concerning life's contacts and its experiences and so utilized his time and his talents that Cleveland accorded him recognition as one of her most honored and esteemed gentlemen. ROBERT ERASTUS McKISSON. Robert Erastus McKisson, whose name is written large on the pages of Cleveland's history through the practical reforms and needed improvements which he instituted while serving as mayor, is now giving his time and attention strictly to the practice of the law and is regarded as one of the eminent representatives of the bar of this city. His birth occurred January 30, 1863, in Northfield, Summit county, Ohio, his parents being Martin Van Buren and Finette Adeline (Eldridge) McKisson. The father was a farmer in early life and was afterward identified with the commission business in Cleveland, in which place his death occurred October 8, 1891. Robert Erastus McKisson acquired his early education in the public schools of Cleveland and later removed with the family to Lagrange, Ohio, where he attended the high school. He afterward became a student in Oberlin College, and all of the expenses connected with his collegiate course were paid by himself, as during his boyhood and youth he continuously provided for his own support in various lines of labor, meeting with success in everything he undertook. His first occupation was that of messenger boy in Cleveland and later he became assistant in the law office of Webster & Angell, where he received originally a salary of but five dollars per week, which sum was increased, however, as he demonstrated the value of his services. At the age of nineteen years he engaged in teaching, following that profession in several places in Ohio through HISTORY OF CLEVELAND - 189 the winter seasons, while in the summer months he was employed in various capacities. On the 1st of April, 1887, when he was twenty-four years of age, he returned to Cleveland and, practically unknown, entered the business circles of this city, securing employment in the office of Theodore E. Burton, now senator. It was after this that he was assistant in the law office of Webster & Angell. While thus engaged he devoted every leisure moment to the study of the law and in 1889 was admitted to practice in the state and in 1891 to the federal courts. He practiced alone for a brief period but in October of that year was admitted to partnership relations by his former preceptors, the firm of Webster, Angell & McKisson being then organized. This was unmistakable proof of the recognition of his ability on the part of those who had previously directed his reading. The partnership continued until May I, 1895, In the meantime Mr. McKisson has been called to public office. On the 3d of April, 1894, he was elected a member of the city council and on the sth of April, 1895, he was chosen mayor of Cleveland, his administration of the affairs of the office being of such a practical and progressive nature that he was recalled for a second term. His reelection was of a most complimentary charac- ter inasmuch as he is the only republican mayor who has served for two consecu- tive terms. Thus it will be seen that although he came to Cleveland practically penniless and unknown in 1887 eight years served to bring him into the most prominent position within the gift of his fellow citizens. He had come to be recognized as a leader and one worthy of a large following. His views in the policy which he enunciated were clearly defined and that he held to his election promises during his first term is proven in the fact that he was again chosen for the mayoralty. He sought for retrenchment in needless expenditure, yet did not favor a conservative policy that would hamper progressiveness. During his administration he was instrumental in securing the adoption of various measures for the good of the city and in preventing the issuance of franchises of doubtful value, like those which the street railway companies attempted to secure. He also established and constructed the new water tunnel system and the greater part of the intercepting sewer system. He increased the park area from one hundred and twenty-three acres to fourteen hundred acres and also appointed the present commission for the building of the new city hall, for which he left in gas funds over six hundred thousand dollars. He Was the first mayor in the United States to flush the city streets and in many other ways promoted the city's benefit, improvement and adornment. Of the many tangible evidences given of his devotion to the public welfare none are more worthy of comment than the fact that it was Mr. McKisson who made all the river and harbor improvements at Cleveland and also made all the contracts for the making of the new land which the railroad company claimed but which now belongs to the city and is valued at three millions. He was also instrumental in having the first five miles of the river straightened and deepened so as to improve the steamer traffic and thereby augmenting the trade of the city. He was the most progressive mayor Cleveland has ever had and made more improvements in every way than any other executive officer before him. Mr. McKisson was at one time active in the Tippecanoe Club, drew up its charter and served as its vice president. He has now, however, resigned from all clubs and political organizations and devotes his entire time to his law practice and other private interests. After his return to the private practice of law he was for a time associated with J. P. Dowley and W. H. Boyd, but was after- ward again alone. In January, 1905, he entered into his present partnership relations as a member of the firm of McKisson & Minshall. They have a large law practice, connecting them with much important litigation, and Mr. McKisson is widely regarded as a learned and able lawyer. On the 16th of January, 1901, Mr. McKisson was married to Miss Mamie Marie Langenau, a daughter of William C. Langenau, a prominent business man 190 - HISTORY OF CLEVELAND of Cleveland. He is a Scottish Rite Mason of the thirty-second degree and also a member of the Mystic. Shrine. He likewise belongs to the Knight Templar fraternity and is a member of the Chamber of Commerce. Vitally alive to the interests and questions of the day, he feels that he hats given to this city that service which is his duty as a public-spirited citizen but now is confining his attention to private interests along professional lines for which natural talents and acquired ability have so well fitted him. RUDOLPH HEGE LEICK. Rudolph Hege Leick, a man of modest tastes and habits yet of genuine personal worth, whose relation to the public life of Cleveland was that of a successful druggist, was born in Rockport, Ohio, August 8, 1853, and died on the 16th of July, 1885. His parents were Fred and Elizabeth Leick, nee Hege. The father was a real estate appraiser and both were natives of Germany. Rudolph H. Leick pursued his more specifically literary course in the public schools of Cleveland and afterward attended the Cleveland School of Pharmacy. He likewise devoted some time to the study of medicine under the supervision and direction of Drs. Joseph E. and Henry W. Lammersman, uncles of Mrs. Leick and both leading physicians of their day. The study of medicine was always to him a pleasure and his knowledge thereof proved of valuable worth in the conduct of his commercial interests. He was also particularly fond of nature from his early boyhood throughout the period of his entire life. The growth and peculiarities of plants was a subject of never ending delight to him and later he was keenly interested in all those which especially related to his studies. His early years were spent in the service of Mr. Lohman, a druggist of this city, but, ambitious to engage in business on his own account, in the fall of 1881 he opened a store at the corner of Lorain avenue and Sixty-fifth street, in what was then known as Beggar Woman's block. After remaining there for about two years he removed to the present site of the Leick drug store. He had conducted the business there for two and a half years when he was called to his final rest, and the work of carrying on the store devolved upon Mrs. Leick, who bravely took up the task and in the conduct of the enterprise has displayed notable business ability and keen insight. She continued in the business for.twenty-two years, after which she sold out in 1907 to Joseph Miller, who still conducts the business on Lorain avenue under the name of the Leick Pharmacy. It was on the loth of January, 1881, in Cleveland, that Mr. Leick was married to Miss Sophia Langezaal, a daughter of Henry J. and Josephine (Lammersman) Langezaal, who came from Holland to Cleveland in 1856. Her father was a contractor both in his native country and in America. Unto Mr. and Mrs. Leick were born three daughters: Sylvia, now the wife of Joseph Hauck, a salesman of this city, by whom she has two children, Ruth and Lloyd; Ruth, second daughter of our subject, formerly a teacher in the Cleveland public schools and now the wife of Edward Ebel, a business man of Cleveland; and Elsie, deceased. Mr. Leick was well known in local political circles. He served as councilman from the thirty-second ward notwithstanding the fact that it was always regarded as a republican stronghold and he was a democrat. He was elected by a very large majority and during his term in office he stood for progress and improvement, many needed reforms being introduced, while during his incumbency gas was substituted for the old kerosene lamps used in this section of the city. He was liberal in religious belief, holding to no creed or formal doctrine but living an upright life, characterized by thoughtful regard at all times for the rights of others. He held membership in the German Turn Verein and was popular with a large circle of friends and acquaintances. Following the death HISTORY OF CLEVELAND - 191 of her husband Mrs. Leick, with only the assistance of her sister, conducted the drug store and in the face of many hardships and difficulties successfully carried on the business. Without any preparation for commercial life she took up the tasks which her husband laid down and her intuition, sound judgment, keen discernment and ready adaptability enabled her to know and to do that which was the right thing in the conduct of every phase of the business. As the years passed on splendid success rewarded her efforts and at length she disposed of the drug store at a handsome profit. From its earnings and its sale she was able to purchase each of her daughters a home and is herself the owner of other valuable and desirable real estate. She certainly deserves much credit for what she has accomplished. She has the spirit of heroism that prompts a woman to take up such tasks to which she is unaccustomed and with brave and loyal spirit meet the difficulties that are to be continuously confronted in business life. Mrs. Leick accomplished all this and as the result of her labors is now in comfortable financial circumstances. JACOB STRIEBINGER. Upon Cleveland's roll of honor in connection with the German-American citizens appears the name of Jacob Striebinger, who was born December 20, 1845, and died October 11, 1909. He was a native of Rheingosheim, Germany, and a son of Jacob Phillip and Christina (Bauman) Striebinger, who came to America in 1849. Their family numbered five children, Michael, Martin, Phillip, Jacob and Caroline, the last named now the wife of John Ferbert. The mother died when the son Jacob was but six years of age. The father engaged in business in Cleveland and became a prominent real-estate operator and was, moreover, recognized as a leader in German social circles. He lived to see all of his sons well established in business, attaining a measure of success which reflected credit upon the training which they had received. Jacob Striebinger attended the public schools until seventeen years of age, when he joined his brothers in the wholesale grocery business under the firm name of Striebinger Brothers. He remained active in the conduct of that enterprise until 1872, when the Striebinger Hotel was erected and he became its manager, remaining as such for seven years, during which time he entertained many of the eminent men of the time, particularly men prominent in the political and financial world. He was for a number of years a member of the firm of Sherwood, Striebinger & Company, contractors, and during this period he constructed the Cleveland breakwater system for the United States government. He was for a number of years a member of the Sturtevant Lumber Company but several years prior to his death he retired from active business, devoting his time to the man- agement of his many private interests, which represented large financial invest- ments. Mr. Striebinger served with distinction on the city council from 1874 until 1876, and on account of his energy and integrity in furthering the best interests of this city he retired with the fullest confidence of his constituents. He was a lifelong republican, finding in the platform of that party the best expression of his views concerning the best form of government. On the 7th of June, 1877, Mr. Striebinger was married to Miss Catherine Weckerling, a daughter of George Robert and Catherine Weckerling, the former one of Cleveland's most prominent German pioneer settlers and business men. Mrs. Striebinger still survives and resides at No. 1451 East boulevard. By her marriage she became the mother of two sons. George Robert, educated in the public and University schools and in Purdue University of Indiana, served for a time as superintendent of the Wuest-Bauman-Hunt Company, while in 1902 he took the management of the Philip Trottner Company. He is a republican 192 - HISTORY OF CLEVELAND in his political views and an Elk in his fraternal relations. He was married December 27, 1906, to Helen Rowland, of Lenawee, Michigan, and they reside at No. 4806 Euclid avenue. The second son, Walter J., was for a number of years associated with the Cleveland Trust Company but was compelled by ill health to retire from active business. He married Tillie Wilker. Mr. Striebinger was widely known as a high degree Mason, belonging to Holyrood Commandery, K. T., and to the Cleveland Consistory. He was also identified with the Benevolent and Protective Order of Elks. He belonged to the German Presbyterian church and was liberal in his contributions to church and charitable work, finding in the former the expression for that larger life of the spirit and in the latter expression of his sincere and kindly interest in his fellowmen, especially those to whom fate seemed to vouchsafe few of the privileges and blessings of life. JUDGE FREDERICK AUGUSTUS HENRY. Judge Frederick Augustus Henry, circuit judge of the eighth judicial circuit, which comprises Cuyahoga, Lorain, Medina and Summit counties, was born in Bainbridge, Geaugu county, Ohio, June 16, 1867. The ancestry of the family can be traced back to William Henry, of Stow, Massachusetts. Later he resided in Lunenburg, Massachusetts. He was no doubt one of the Scotch- Irish immigrants to Massachusetts in 1718. The family had been represented in Ireland for about a century, members thereof removing from Scotland to the Emerald isle in 1620. He was a farmer by occupation and on crossing the Atlantic took up his abode at Stow, Massachusetts. His son, Robert Henry, was born in Ireland and died in Shirley, Massachusetts, in 1759, leaving a widow and seven children, some of whom subsequently removed to Lebanon, New London county, Connecticut. Their mother, Eleanor Henry, was still residing with her eldest son John at the time of her death in Enfield, Hartford county, Connecticut, November 23, 1807, when she was eighty-four years of age. John Henry, son of Robert and Eleanor Henry, was born in Stow, Middlesex county, Massachusetts, January 8, 1742-3. From that place the family removed to the neighboring town of Groton. On the petition of Robert Henry and others the southwest corner of Groton was organized January 5, 1753, as the town of Shirley and a hill there, through which the Fitchburg Railroad makes a deep cut, is still called Mount Henry. John Henry wedded Mary Gager, daughter of the Rev. William and Mary (Allen) Gager. Her father was a graduate of Yale College, pastor of the second church at Lebanon and a great- grandson of William Gager, a surgeon who came to America with Governor Winthrop in 1630. John Henry had a brief record of service from the town of Lebanon in the Revolutionary war. He resided successively in Lebanon, Lebanon Crank, Bolton and Enfield, Connecticut, and finally died in Enfield, January 9, 1819, aged seventy-six years. He was a mason by trade and is said to have built many a stack of chimneys in the factory and mill towns of the Connecticut valley. Mary, his wife, died in Enfield, May 31, 1812, aged sixty- seven years. Their children were: Simon; Gager ; William ; Samuel; Lois, who became the wife of Daniel Pease ; Eleanor, the wife of Augustus Prior ; Mary, the wife of Elijah Holkins; Cynthia, the wife of Simon Bush ; and Sarah, or Sally, the wife of Abel Merrill. Samuel Henry at one time bought land in Bainbridge but never lived there. Some of the Bush family, however, afterward removed to Bainbridge. Simon Henry, son of John and Mary Henry, was born in Lebanon Crank,, now Columbia, Toland county, Connecticut, November 27, 1766, being the eldest of the nine children. In 1792 at Enfield, Connecticut, he married Rhoda Parsons, HISTORY OF CLEVELAND - 195 a daughter of John Parsons, a soldier of the Revolutionary war, who was the, great-great-grandson of Benjamin Parsons, of Springfield, Massachusetts, and a representative of a family of high repute. Soon after the birth of their eldest son, Mr. and Mrs. Simon Henry removed to Middlefield, Hampshire county, Massachusetts. where their second son was born, and then a year or two later they crossed the county line into Berkshire county, where eight more children were added to the family. The western part of Massachusetts was then, as now, a region of wild and beautiful woods and mountain scenery but of thin and unfruitful soil. Here, however, they remained for about twenty-five years, cultivating land which they had purchased. Among the substantial citizens of Washington none was more respected and honored than Simon Henry, for the town records show that he was repeatedly chosen moderator of their annual town meeting and chairman of the board of selectmen, besides discharging many other public functions down to the very date of his removal to Ohio. In 1842-13 he represented the town in the general court at Boston, and about the same time one or more of his sons served their country in the second war with Great Britain, the number including John Henry, the grandfather of our subject. Notwithstanding this apparent prosperity among the Berkshire hills, New Connecticut, as the Western Reserve was then called, offered many attractions, especially to a farmer with a large family of sons. Fully one quarter of the people of Washington emigrated to the west between 1815 and 1820, and Simon Henry, anxious to give each of his sons a farm, sold his land in Massachusetts and bought a large tract in Bainbridge, Ohio, from Simon Perkins, of Warren. To Ohio, therefore, with wife and eight children, two older ones, Orrin and John, having gone ahead the year before, he removed in 1817. The diary of his journey, still preserved by N. C. Henry, is terse and almost void of inci- dent but there is pathetic interest in the brief chronicle which begins : "We started from home September 18, on Thurstlay in the afternoon," and on November 1 after forty-five days of weary travel, the last entry is "Saturday night, home." Truly home is where the heart is. The children of Simon and Rhoda Henry were as follows : Orrin, the eldest, born at Enfield, Connecticut, October 17, 1792, was married March 16, 1827 to Dencey Thompson, had a large family and removed to Illinois. William, born in Middlefield, Massachusetts, November 3, 1794, married Rachel Mc- Conoughey and had seven children. John was the grandfather of Judge Henry. Rhoda, born in Washington, June 30, 1798, became the wife of Robert Root and had five children. Anne Osborn, born March 26, 1800, married Jasper Lacey and had ten children. Mary, born January 9, 1802, became the wife of Elijah French. Simon Nelson was born in Washington, Massachusetts, July 27, 1803. Calvin Parsons, born March 24, 1807, was married September 4, 1832, to Lorette Jackson and had four children. Milo, born March 9, 1810, was married February 24, 1833, to Chloe Ann B. Osborn and had two children. Newton, born March 27, 1813, served in the Seminole war, was afterward mate of a whaling vessel and died at sea. The death of Simon Henry, the father of this family, occurred June 26, 1854, in Bainbridge, Ohio, at the age of eighty-seven years. He was for many years a justice of the peace of that place and a prominent and influential citizen there. His wife, who was born in Enfield, Connecticut, March 13, 1774, died in Bainbridge, June 15, 1847, at the age of seventy-three years. Both were laid to rest in the old southeast burying ground in Bainbridge. John Henry, the grandfather of Judge Henry, was born in Washington, Massachusetts, September 29, 1796. He served as a soldier in the war of 1812 and soon afterward came to Ohio, arriving in this state before his parents and others of the family. He was a farmer and surveyor and was prominent in the public affairs of the community. He served as postmaster and also as justice of the peace at Bainbridge and was a very prominent and honored citi- 196 - HISTORY OF CLEVELAND zen of the locality. He wedded Polly Jaqua, and unto them were born nine children. His death occurred January 10, 1869, when he had reached the age of seventy-two years. Captain Charles Eugene Henry, the second of the nine children of John and Polly (Jaqua) Henry, was born in Bainbridge, Geauga county, Ohio, November 29, 1835, on the farm where he spent his entire life save for brief intervals. His parents were both teachers and were lovers of books and the father not only filled various public offices but was also a Methodist class- leader. The log house in which Captain Henry spent his youthful days was far from being one of ignorance or squalor, and its atmosphere was one of intellectual culture and refinement. He pursued his studies in the old red schoolhouse, where he mastered the various branches of learning therein taught. In his youthful clays he worked for neighboring farmers and before he was twenty-one had joined his brother-in-law, Henry Brewster, in the establishment and conduct of a sawmill and cheese box factory in that part of the neighboring town of Auburn locally known as Bridge Creek. In the meantime he taught several terms of district school, interspersed with periods of study at the old Eclectic Institute in Hiram. There he came into intimate fellowship with that immortal coterie of kindred Hiram spirits, which included among others, those familiarly known as Harry Rhodes, Augustus Williams, Burke Hinsdale, Henry White, Charley Dudley, Hiram Chamberlain and, last and chief est, him in whose inspiring leadership they all exulted, James A. Garfield. Young Henry had met him years before at the Boynton's in Orange, just returned from the canal, and, again when, on Garfield's first trip to Hiram to enter school there, he stayed over night in the Henry household that he might the next morning go to see and bear the piano for which that neighborhood was then distinguished. At Hiram when the war broke out, Henry, man-grown and with the home ties readjusted to his independence, was free to follow the bent of his hero worship and the spirit of patriotic sacrifice rife in the Eclectic, and "therefore at Gar- field's invitation and his country's call he enlisted September 20, 1861, as a private of Company A, Forty-second Ohio Volunteer Infantry, a Hiram company of young men nearly all of whom were by education fitted to command but who were all content to follow when Garfield led. He was promoted to sergeant on the day of his enlistment and on the 25th of July, 1862, became second lieutenant. He served three years through Middle Greek, Pound Gap, Cumberland Gap, Big Spring, Chickasaw Bayou and 'Bluffs, Port Hindman, Milliken's Bend, Thompson's Hill (Port Gibson), where he was wounded May 1 1863, Champion Hills, Big Black River and the assault on Vicksburg, wherein he was again wounded, severely, May 22, 1863. On the former date, May 1 1863, he was commissioned first lieutenant. When partially recovered from his wound, he was assigned, October 17, 1863, to the provost marshal's department under Colonel (now United States circuit judge) Don A. Pardee. and served as. provost judge at Baton Rouge, Louisiana, until October, 1864, in the meantime having been promoted to the office of regimental adjutant August 22, 1864. Some three months, later he was honorably discharged at the expiration of his term of service, and November to, 1864, he married at Ravenna, a Hiram schoolmate, Sophia Williams, sister to his friend and comrade, Major Augustus Williams and daughter of Frederick Williams, a pioneer of the Disciples, one of the first and succeeding boards of trustees of the Eclectic Institute, and a descendant in the seventh generation of Robert Williams, of Roxbury, Massachusetts. They lived for a short time at Baton Rouge, where Captain Henry practiced law under' the military regime and then returned to Ohio, to his ancestral farm, which, with the acres added in the course of years, remained his real home and chief delight throughout his life. From that refuge, however, he emerged from time to time into public and semi-public service, first in the postoffice department as postmaster, succeeding his father, at Pond, now Geauga Lake, from October 29, 1867; as route agent from October, 1869; HISTORY OF CLEVELAND - 197 as a special agent from 1872 ; and as inspector from 1880. He was appointed marshal of the District of Columbia, under President Garfield, May 16, 1881, and served until after the trial and execution of the President's assassin. In 1885 he was designated special master commissioner of the United States circuit court at New Orleans to investigate the great railway strike on the Gould roads in the southwest, then in the custody of that court. He remained there in the service of the receivers of the Texas & Pacific Railway and their successors until 1891. In Dallas, Texas, he was meanwhile elected commander of the large Grand Army Post there. In 1892 he was by his old-time friend, Secretary of Treasury Charles Foster, appointed inspector of public buildings. During the following winter and spring he went on a successful extradition mission into the interior of Brazil. A year later another like mission took him to Central America for the American Surety Company, in whose service he continued until 1902, when failing health; super induced by malarial fever contracted in Costa Rica, compelled him to desist. He died in Cleveland on the 3d of November, 1906. He was for more than thirty years a member of the Christian church and also one of the board of trustees of Hiram College, being for a considerable period president of the board. He was also a Companion in the Loyal Legion, a Royal Arch Mason and Knight Templar, the permanent sec- retary of his Regimental Society, and often served officially on his home school board and in the local agricultural and early settlers societies of Geauga county. He wrote much for the Ohio Farmer, Cleveland Leader and other papers. He is survived by his widow and the three eldest of their five children: Frederick A. Henry, whose name introduces this record ; Marcia Henry, formerly lady principal at Hiram and now teacher of English in the Cleveland Central high school; and Mary A., the wife of A. G. Webb. Don Pardee died in infancy, while James Garfield, who graduated from Hiram College, is also deceased. In the maternal line Judge Henry is also a representative of one of the oldest families of Massachusetts. His mother was the eighth in descent from Robert Williams, of Roxbury, Massachusetts, 1637, the line being Robert, Deacon Samuel, Samuel, John, Joseph, Ebenezer, Frederick and Sophia. Of these Ebenezer Williams was a member of the Massachusetts legislature, to which he was called by the republican party, of which Thomas Jefferson was the leader, while Simon Henry, the great-grandfather in the paternal line was sent as a whig representative to the general assembly of Massachusetts. Mrs. Sophia (Williams) Henry was born in Shalersville, Portage county, Ohio, November 9, 1840, and now makes her home in Cleveland during the winter months, while she spends the summer seasons at Geauga Lake, Ohio. Her grandfather, Ebenezer Williams, was born in Roxbury, Massachusetts, February 11, 1759, and was married in Warwick, Massachusetts, in January, 1782, to Sarah Chadwick, a daughter of John, Jr., and Sarah (Johnson) Chadwick, of Worcester, Mas- sachusetts. He represented Warwick in the general court at Boston in 18o8, as an anti-federalist, or republican. He removed to Ravenna, Portage county, Ohio, in 1815, where he died in September, T816, and his wife in September, 1817. Frederick Williams, the father of Mrs. Sophia Henry, was born- in Warwick, Massachusetts, March 2, 1799, and removed with his parents to Ravenna, Ohio, in 1815. From 1832 until 1840 he was county treasurer of Portage county and he also served for sixteen years as infirmary director. In politics, originally a democrat, the slavery issue made him a republican. A Universalist in his religious views, he was converted to the faith of the Disciples of Christ, and occa- sionally preached in their pulpits. He was one of the incorporators and a mem-. ber of the first and subsequent boards of trustees of The Western Reserve Eclectic institute, which afterward, on a resolution introduced by him, became Hiram College. While thus serving he was in the board meeting to which President Garfield as a youth applied for the place of school janitor to earn his tuition, and through all his life the future president was often a welcome guest 198 - HISTORY OF CLEVELAND in his home. Frederick Williams was married September 17, 1828, to Miss Martia Underwood, a daughter of Alpheus and Mary (Wallbridge) Underwood, who was born in Monson, Massachusetts, April 24, 1805, and died in Ravenna, Ohio, August 18, 1882. Frederick William also died in Ravenna on the 18th of January, 1888. Both the father and mother of Judge Henry were under President Garfield's tutelage at Hiram College, and the mother is mentioned by him in his address on Almeda A. Booth (Garfield's Works, Vol. II, p. 306) as having taken part in a commencement play in 1859. The father was a personal friend of President Garfield, and the latter gave him the credit of having done more than any other man to bring about his election as United States senator from Ohio in 1880, a few months before his nomination for the presidency. Judge Henry acquired his early, education in the district schools of Bainbridge township and afterward spent five years in the Cleveland public schools, including a half year in the Central high school. Later he attended Hiram College, where he pursued a preparatory course and then entered upon the regular collegiate course, being graduated from Hiram College in 1888 with the Bachelor of Arts degree. During that period he taught school for about a year. He afterward went to Dallas, Texas, and was employed in the stock claim department of the Texas & Pacific Railway Company. On his return to the north he took up the study of law in the University of Michigan and after two years was graduated therefrom in 1891 with the A. M. and LL. B. degrees. He was president of the law class in his junior year, was poet in the senior year and was chairman of the football committee of the university. On the 5th of March, 1891, Judge Henry was admitted to the Ohio bar and at once entered upon active practice. In the fall of that year he accepted a clerical position in the law office of Webster & Angell, with whom he continued for a year and a half, after which he was with Lamprecht Brothers & Company, conducting a banking and investment security business. He acted as office attorney for the firm for a year and a half and at the same time engaged in general practice. In 1894 he was examiner of claims for the Fidelity & Casualty Company of New York and also engaged in general practice. In 1897 he formed a partnership with Louis H. Winch, now of the circuit bench, and John A. Thompson, under the firm style of Winch, Henry & Thompson, this relation being maintained until 1898, when he became a partner in the firm of Ford, Henry, Baldwin & McGraw. Changes in partnership occurred from time to time, leading to the adoption of the firm style of Ford, Snyder, Henry & McGraw, while later Mr. McGraw withdrew and in November, 1904, Judge Henry was elected to the circuit bench, taking his seat on the 9th of February, 1905. In 1902 he was nominated by the republican party for the common pleas bench but declined to become a candidate. His present term of office covers six years. He has great respect for the dignity of judicial procedure and no man ever presided in a court with more respect for decorum than has Judge Henry. As a result of that personal characteristic the proceedings were always orderly upon the part of every one—audience, court and the officers from the highest to the lowest. His opinions are fine specimens of judicial thought, always clear, logical and as brief as the character of the case will permit. He never enlarges beyond the necessities of the legal thought in order to indulge in the draperies of literature. His mind during the entire period of his course at the bar and on the bench has been directed in the lines of his profession and his duty. He has been professor of law in the Western Reserve University Law School. Ever deeply interested in the cause of education he is now president of the board of trustees of Hiram College, which position his father previously occupied, while his maternal grandfather was one of the founders of the school at which James A. Garfield applied for a position as janitor in order to pay his tuition and was given the place—a fact which has been immortalized in poetic HISTORY OF CLEVELAND - 199 form in a poem entitled "Garfield Rang The Bells of Hiram." Judge Henry has had much to do with the upbuilding of Hiram College, taking conspicuous part in furthering its interests. Shortly after his graduation from the Michigat University he was offered the position of instructor in economics in that institution but refused to accept. He would have served under Henry Carter Adams, now statistician of the Inter State Commerce Commission. He was also offered a professorship in law in the University of Michigan but he preferred to continue in the life work for which he had prepared and in which he has since attained to high and honorable position. On the 25th of January, 1893, Judge Henry was married to Miss Louise Adams, a daughter of Levi T. and Charlotte D. (Clair) Adams, of East Smithfield, Bradford county, Pennsylvania, where she was born October 23, 1868. She was graduated with the Bachelor of Philosophy degree in 1890 from Hiram College, where she became acquainted with her future husband. She is the eighth in descent from George Adams, of Watertown, Massachusetts, 1645, the line being George, George, John, Ahijah, Ahijah, Caleb, Levi T. and Louise. The family was established in New England at a pioneer epoch in colonial days. Unto Judge and Mrs. Henry have been born four children, Marcia Louise, Charles Adams, Charlotte Sophia and Margaret Rhoda, the first named being now in the second year in the Central high school. Judge Henry is a member of the Phi Delta Phi, a legal fraternity of the University of Michigan. He also belongs to the University Club, of which he has been a trustee, the Union Club, the New England Society and the New England Historic & Genealogical Society. He is also connected with The Old Northwest Genealogical Society and belongs to the Tippecanoe and Western Reserve Clubs, both republican organizations. FIe has always been a stalwart republican in his political belief and was active in the work of the party before going on the bench. Never neglectful of the higher, holier duties of life, he holds membership in the Euclid Avenue Christian church, of which he is one of the elders and for several terms chairman of the official board. He takes an active and helpful part in the church work and is also one of the trustees of the Young Men's Christian Association. Judge Henry is a man of scholarly attainments, whose thoughtful consideration of vital questions has enabled him to place correct valuation on life's contacts and purposes. He has always stood for that which is best in citizenship and in manhood and is today one of the most honored representatives of the Cleveland bar. HARRY JAMES CRAWFORD. Harry James Crawford, an attorney with the firm of Squire, Sanders & Dempsey, was born in Jefferson county, Ohio, December 3, 1871. His father, Abel J. Crawford, was a native of the same county, born May 3, 1831, and his lif,e was devoted to agricultural pursuits, making stock raising a specialty. He was a son of James Crawford, whose birth occurred in Jefferson county in 18ot. His energies were devoted to farming, stock raising and milling. It was his father, James Crawford, Sr., who was the founder of the family in Ohio. He was a native of Maryland and came to Ohio in 1800, settling in Jefferson county as one of the first to locate within its borders. The state had not yet been admitted to the Union and it was largely a wild and uninhabited district, in which Indians were far more numerous than the white settlers. The Crawford family is of Welsh lineage and was founded in America in early colonial days. In the maternal line Harry James Crawford comes of English ancestry. His mother was Mary (Hammond) Crawford, who was born in Jefferson county, Ohio, July 18, 1838, and died February 14, 1892. She was a daughter of George Hammond and a granddaughter of Harry Hammond. The ancestry of the fam-