(RETURN TO THE TITLE PAGE) 300 - HISTORY OF CLEVELAND Moose. He attends the Baptist church and is active in the local ranks of the republican party. His home is on Treadwell avenue and Kinsman road, in Newburg, one of the attractive suburbs of Cleveland. HON. WILLIS VICKERY. Willis Vickery, judge of the court of common pleas, for the fourth subdivision of the third judicial district of Ohio, was born at Bellevue, Huron county, Ohio, November 26, 1857. His parents were William Vickery and Sarah Perkins Vickery, who emigrated from the county of Devon, England, in May, 1857, coming directly to Bellevue, where a few months afterward the subject of this sketch was born. Shortly afterward the family, which at that time comprised the parents and three children, moved to the country on a farm, first in Erie county, Ohio, and then to Sandusky county, Ohio, where young Vickery was brought up and where he resided with his parents until he reached manhood. In 1869 the mother died, and the father never afterward remarried, but kept his family together on the home farm between Clyde and Bellevue in Sandusky county. Hard work from early until late on the farm was the lot of all. No school except three months in the winter, and until young Vickery had reached the age of nineteen years he saw nothing but hard work and deprivations. But while he worked with his hands his mind was growing strong and vigorous with his body, so that in the fall of 1877, when he entered Clyde high school in the second year, he was soon able to lead his class, and in 1880, when he graduated, it was as valedictorian of the class. Not having means to go to college and being nearly twenty-two years of age, he determined to study law, and in the fall of 188o he entered the law office of Messrs. Everett and Fowler, at Fremont, Ohio, where he remained for six months, but in January, 1881, being asked to accept the position of principal of the grammar school at Clyde, Ohio, he took the position and taught the balance of the year. In the fall of 1881 he secured a position as teacher of the high school at Castalia, Ohio, where lie taught for one year with success. In the meantime he continued his studies in the law, and in the fall of 1882 he entered the middle year of the law department of Boston University, Boston, Massachusetts, and remained there until he was graduated in 1884, having won a scholarship the first year. Returning to Ohio, Judge Vickery was admitted to the Ohio bar in June, 1885, when, with his brother Jesse, who had graduated from the law department of Michigan University, he formed a law partnership and opened a law office at Bellevue, Ohio, under the firm name of Vickery Brothers. They continued the practice of law with marked success, taking part in much of the important litigations of Erie, Sandusky and Huron counties until in 1896, when the firm was dissolved and Judge Vickery removed to Cleveland, Ohio. For a number of years he practiced alone and then became associated with the Hon. Charles S. Bentley, ex-judge of the circuit court of Ohio, under the firm name of Bentley & Vickery, which firm lasted for three years, It was then dissolved, and Judge Vickery again practiced alone until just before his election to the bench, when he was associated in the firm of Vickery, Fleharty & Corlett, the latter firm being dissolved January 1 1909, when Judge Vickery assumed his duties on the bench. His election to the bench came to him as an honor after having achieved an honorable position at the bar of Cuyahoga county. Coming to the city an entire stranger with no friends or acquaintances in the city, he compelled recognition by sheer force of ability and indefatigable work, so that when he ran for the office of judge of the court of common pleas it was generally conceded that he was well fitted for the high duties, and he was endorsed by all the news- HISTORY OF CLEVELAND - 303 papers and civic societies of the city without regard to politics and was elected by an unusually large majority. In 1897 Judge Vickery was one of the moving spirits with Judge Arthur E. Rowley, of the probate court of Huron county, Ohio, and Ex-Judge Charles S. Bentley, in organizing the Baldwin University Law School, of which school he became the secretary and managing officer. Later when this school was consolidated with the Cleveland Law School, Judge Vickery became the secretary and managing officer of the consolidated school and the real head of the school, which position and duties he has not allowed the more honorable duties of his judicial position to interfere with. He has been the means of making it possible for scores of young men to gain a law education, and many of them to achieve an honorable position at the bar of this and other states. He now lectures in the school on contracts, partnership and constitutional law. As a teacher he as few superiors, as he has a comprehensive grasp of his subjects and the faculty of imparting knowledge in a rare degree. Judge Vickery was elected to the bench in the fall of 1908, and at once became known as a fearless, able and impartial judge. Some of the most important cases fell to his lot to try, notably the lake front litigation and the state of Ohio versus Hayes. The lake front litigation had been in the courts for sixteen years and had been twice decided in favor of the railroad company, defendants, by the United States courts and was sent back to the state courts to be tried there. Judge Vickery took up this case almost as his first work on the bench and spent his nights in studying the case to keep abreast with the many able lawyers who presented it in court. After three weeks' trial and a further week's deliberation, he delivered an opinion sustaining the city in its contention, deciding contrary to the decisions of the two United States courts, he taking a bold and strong stand for the rights of the public as against the encroachments on the public's rights. His position was sustained in a learned opinion by Judge Henry, of the circuit court. By Judge Vickery's decision the city of Cleveland is likely to recover land on the lake front worth thirty million dollars. The state of Ohio, or Hayes case, was the most technical criminal case tried in Cuyahoga county courts for years. It involved the embezzlement of one hundred and ninety-eight bonds of one thousand dollars each and covered a commercial transaction of a long period of time. The trial took three weeks and there were numerous able lawyers on each side. Judge Vickery's position was upheld by the circuit court, and he was complimented by a member of the circuit court for the able manner in which he presided over the trial. Judge Vickery has a well stored mind, and that, together with his long training at the bar, has enabled him to dispatch business in such a manner that it has brought forth much praise. The Cleveland Leader editorial says : "Judge Vickery, of the common pleas court, is undoubtedly right in his contention that with the present legal machinery in Ohio and other states, it is possible to turn the wheels much faster and keep the business of the courts more nearly down to date. He has proven his case by his own work. It has been demonstrated that a judge with ability and determination, and plenty of industry to boot, can wade through a mass of hampering technicalities with surpassing ease. Judge Vickery has simply refused to be bound and clogged by common usage in American courts where nothing essential was involved." Again the Leader says, editorially : "Judge Vickery has won golden opinion by his work on the bench, which he has adorned less than a year. His popularity has increased greatly, and he has earned all the credit which the public has given him. He has been active, earnest, businesslike and efficient. His courtroom has been the scene of many stinging rebukes to unworthy members of the bar. Petty chicanery has often been swept away there to make way for quick justice." 304 - HISTORY OF CLEVELAND While Judge Vickery is a republican in politics, he is not a partisan and believes in the elimination of politics from the courts, and the court from politics. Besides being an able lawyer, a teacher and jurist, Judge Vickery is a scholar in rather a marked sense. He is a bibliophile of bibliophiles and has one of the best libraries in the city of Cleveland. He is a close student of Shakespeare, and the Elizabethian and restoration drama, and has probably the best private library on Shakespeare and Shakespearana in America. He is known all over the United States as a Shakespearean student, being president of the New York Shakespeare Society, the largest organization of that kind in America. He is a member of the Rowfant Club, of Cleveland, and has been its president ; also a member of the Bibliophile Society of Boston, Massachusetts; and of the Carteret Book Club, of Newark, New Jersey. He is president of the Rowfant Bindery Company, which company binds books as artistically and beautifully as anywhere in the world. Judge Vickery loves books and has a fireproof library where he keeps his many rare treasures. He loves beautiful books beautifully bound, and he has many rare examples of finely bound books both ancient and modern. He is constantly called upon to lecture upon his favorite themes, and his lectures have the rare charm of coming from one full of the subject which he loves. Judge Vickery has written and published several books, notably "Caliban," translated from the French by the late Mrs. Vickery, with introduction written by him; "A Search After a First Folio," published by the Rowfant Club ; "Oscar Wilde, a Sketch," besides having written the introduction to the Bankside Restoration Series, issued by the New York Shakespeare Society, of which series he was one of the joint editors with Dr. Appleton Morgan, of New York. Judge Vickery has perhaps the best collection of books and works of Oscar Wilde of any one in the world and has made a close study of that erratic genius. Judge Vickery is a Mason, a Knight of Pythias, a member of the Tippecanoe Club and of the Chamber of Commerce Club. He has been three times married and has three children by his first wife : Lucile H., a graduate of the Women's College of Western Reserve University, now a teacher in the Cleveland schools ; Melville, a junior in Case School of Applied Science ; and Howard L., who is at Annapolis preparing to enter Annapolis Naval Academy. Their mother ; Anna L. Snyder, who had been a high school teacher, died when Howard was a babe. Later Judge Vickery married Eleanor R. Grant, of Boston, Massachusetts, a lady of rare literary talent and much culture, who died in 1902. In 1904 he married Mrs. Rosalie Griggs Mayberry, of Cleveland, and they now live in a modest quiet home at 1640 East Eighty-fourth street, where Judge Vickery can usually be found, surrounded by his books and works of art, a hard working, painstaking, able judge, giving thoughtful attention to his judicial duties. EMMETT ELLSWORTH HART. The technical training and practical experience demanded for an important service in connection with the operation of railway interests constitute features in the life of Emmett Ellsworth Hart, who is now chief engineer of the New York, Chicago & St. Louis Railroad, with headquarters at Cleveland. He was born in Little Valley, New York, September 18, 1861, and comes of New England ancestry, the early representatives of the name in America—people of English birth—having settled in New England soon after the work of colonization was begun there. His grandfather, Amasa Hart, was a native of Vermont and the father, Austin Hart, was born in the Green Mountain state on the 11th of April, 1828. When ten years of age he accompanied his parents on their removal to the state of New York and was there reared to manhood on his father's farm. He married Dorleski Manley, ,a daughter of John and Abigail (Wilson) Manley. HISTORY OF CLEVELAND - 305 In his youthful days E. E. Hart pursued a public school education and also attended the preparatory school at Franklinville, New York. Later he pursued his studies in Tenbroeck Academy and, having determined upon a field of action which he believed would offer him a congenial and profitable occupation, he entered the engineering school of Cornell University in 1883 and after the full four years' course was graduated with the class of 1887, at which time the Civil Engineer degree was conferred upon him. After leaving college he took a position as draftsman with the Chicago, Burlington & Quincy Railway lines west of the Missouri river and was promoted to assistant engineer and division engineer successively, remaining with that system until 1895. His daily experience broadened his powers and capabilities and moreover the publications bearing upon his profession received considerable of his attention, so that investigation and experience were continually adding to his skill. His next service covered two years with the United States deep waterways commission, having to do with the base line work from Oswego to Herkimer, New York. Mr. Hart has been a resident of Cleveland since July, 1899, when he came to this city to accept the position of division engineer of the Nickel Plate Railroad and in November of the same year he was appointed to the office of engineer of the entire system. He has had much to do with the extensive physical improvement of the system and, realizing that the success of the road depends upon the efficiency of its service, he is continually seeking out ways for its betterment. He enjoys social relations with representatives of the profession through his membership in the American Railway Engineering and Maintenance of Way Association and with the Cleveland Society of Engineers. Mr. Hart was married in May, 1891, to Miss Rachel Joy, a daughter of Christopher and Mary (Wilson) Sprague, of Little Valley, New York. Their home at No. 2101 Adelbert Road is attractive with the presence of six children : Austin, Bernice, Joy, Mary, Ellsworth and Dorothy. Mr. Hart is an independent republican, regarding the welfare of the country as paramount to all party affiliation. Hunting and fishing constitute his chief recreations in the line of outdoor sports, while a complete library manifests his fondness for literature and indicates a chief source of pleasure to himself and family at their own fireside. CAPTAIN DANIEL HENDERSON. Captain Daniel Henderson, whose hfe as a representative of shipping interests has brought him wide acquaintance, is now filling the position of harbor master at Cleveland. He was born in Oswego, New York, in 1861, and is a self-made man in the best sense of that oft misused term. He was a pupil in the public schools until fifteen years of age, and soon afterward began sailing on the lakes. In 1877 he arrived in Cleveland and entered the service of the Robert Green- laugh Tug Company. One season served to prove his worth and Mr. Henderson in 1880, then a young man of nineteen years, was given charge of one of the company's tugs. He remained in that position for ten years, after which he was made captain of one of the vessels owned by John Corrigan. He served in that capacity until 1898, when Mr. Corrigan commissioned him to have charge of the building of the steam freighter, "Alvah S. Chisholm." But before it was completed the vessel was sold to the Kelly Island Lime & Transport Company, and Mr. Henderson was made captain of that vessel, so continuing until he resigned to accept the position of harbor master in January, 1910. He thus rounded out twenty years as a lake captain and over thirty years' service in connection with marine interests. His long experience and the knowledge gained thereof well qualified him for his new duties and he was chosen to the position from many applicants. 306 - HISTORY OF CLEVELAND In 1880 Captain Henderson was married to Miss Lena Anthoney, of Cleveland, and they have become parents of six children. William, the eldest, now identified with the White Sewing Machine Company, wedded Mary McGraw of this city, and they have one son, Daniel J., named for his grandfather. Albert died at the age of four years. Ruby, a graduate of the West high school, is now the wife of William Alpers, who is manager of the paint department of the Cleveland Window Glass & Door Company. Grace, fourteen years of age, is a pupil in the West high school. Harry and Cloide are attending the Kentucky street school. The family are members of the Presbyterian church. Captain Henderson is extremely domestic, finding his greatest enjoyment in the companionship of the members of his own family. He is a member of Phoenix Lodge, I. O. O. F., and the Greater Cleveland Camp of the Woodmen of the World. He has been a life- long republican, stanch in his support of the party, but has never desired nor held office until called to his present position. He has a wide acquaintance among those who have been brought into association with shipping interests and his ability for the duties of his present position is recognized by all who know aught of his history. COLONEL WILLIAM EDWARDS. Colonel William Edwards, who in many ways left the impress of his individ- uality upon Cleveland and her substantial progress, came of ancestry distinctively American in both the lineal and collateral lines. He was himself a native of New England, where both his paternal and maternal ancestors had lived in early colonial clays. His line of descent was traced back directly to Alexander Edwards, who came from Wales and was one of the seventy original proprietors of Spring- field, Massachusetts, in 1640, and there resided until his death a half century later. Among his descendants was the Rev. Jonathan Edwards, probably the most noted divine in New England in his day. In the maternal line Colonel Edwards is descended from the Burts, Lombards and other prominent families. Henry Burt, the first representative of the family in America, was an intimate friend and business associate of Colonel John Pynchon, and assisted later in his negotiations for the purchase of Northampton from the Indians in 1653. His death occurred ten years later. His descendants became very numerous and many are now found in or near Long Meadow, Massachusetts, constituting one of the leading and honored families of that section. The paternal grandparents of Colonel Edwards were Captain Oliver and Rachel (Parsons) Edwards. Their son, Dr. Elisha Edwards, was born in Chesterfield, Massachusetts, in 1795, and in early life went to Northampton to acquaint himself with the drug trade. Later he made his way to Springfield, where he soon established a drug store, which he conducted successfully until his death in 1840. He was a man of many sterling traits of character, who exerted his aid and influence for the material and moral progress of the community, his labors being effective forces for good in the district in which he made his home. He married Eunice Lombard, a daughter of Daniel and Sylvia (Burt) Lombard, and, surviving her husband for many years, she passed away in 1875. Their family numbered four sons and five daughters, including General Oliver Edwards, who died in Warsaw, Illinois, in 1905. The brevet rank of major general of volunteers was conferred upon him in April, 1865, for conspicuous gallantry at the battle of Sailor's Creek, Virginia. Three members of the family are now living, namely : Mrs. C. E. Warner, who resides at the old homestead in Springfield, Massachusetts; Mrs. C. H. Hurd, of Dorchester, Massachusetts ; and Mrs. Oscar A. Childs, of Cleveland. Colonel William Edwards, known and honored as one of the most prominent and valued citizens of Cleveland for many years, was born in Springfield, Massa- HISTORY OF CLEVELAND - 309 chusetts, June 6, 1831. His early education was acquired in a classical school presided over by a Mr. Eaton, in his native city, and when fifteen years of age he made his initial step in the business world as a clerk in a mercantile establishment, where he remained until 1852, during which time he gained broad experience concerning the methods of the business world. On severing his connection with his first employer he made his way westward to Cleveland, which was entering upon a new era of development consequent upon the building of the railroads. Colonel Edwards and many other eastern men were induced to found homes in the growing city on the lake. Their new England foresight and keen perception enabled them to see and value the possibilities and probabilities of growth and of future importance and enterprise. Colonel Ed- wards possessed an alert mind and keen perceptive faculties, noted the signs of the times, saw and recognized the opportunities for business activity and was well equipped for the successful conduct of important interests at the time of his arrival in Cleveland. His first connection with the commercial interests of the city was as an employe in the wholesale grocery house of W. J. Gordon, which at that time was the largest wholesale grocery establishment in the west. The young man proved himself efficient, capable and progressive, and after a year spent with Mr. Gordon he entered into partnership with Marcus A. Treat, under the firm name of Treat & Edwards, for the conduct of a jobbing grocery business, their store being located on Canal street. Colonel Edwards bent every energy toward the development and extension of the trade and his persistency of purpose, utilization of opportunity, and reliable business methods were important factors in the establishment of a large trade. After a little more than three years he purchased the interest of his partner and admitted Hiram Iddings, of Trumbull county, to an interest in the business. Soon after the outbreak of the civil war the yearly sales of the house aggregated nearly a quarter million dollars, and as the rapid growth of the business demanded the aid of others in an executive capacity, Hon. Amos Townsend was admitted to the firm in 1862 under the style of Edwards, Iddings & Company. When Mr. Iddings died a year later, J. Burton Parsons became a partner on the 1st of January, 1864. The firm name was then changed to Edwards, Townsend & Company and so continued until December, 1886, when Mr. Parsons withdrew and the name of William Edwards & Company was assumed, which was the style of the house at the time of Colonel Edwards' death, in September, 1898. On the 1st of January, 1906, the business was reorganized under the name of the William Edwards Company, with J. W. Roof as president ; George A. Jones, secretary ; and Harry R. Edwards, vice president and treasurer. From the beginning Colonel Edwards was the leading spirit in the development of this enterprise. His business insight was keen, his methods reliable, and his progresive spirit and ready adaptability enabled him to overcome all difficulties and obstacles and work steadily upward until he ranked among the foremost wholesale merchants of the middle west. The reliable policy of the house, which was inaugurated at the outset, has always been maintained and the firm has ever held to high standards in the line of goods carried, in the personnel of its representatives and in the character of the service rendered to the public. Although engaged in building up an important and profitable commercial enterprise, Colonel Edwards always found time to cooperate in movements for the general good and was a man of much influence in the management of city affairs and of matters relative to the upbuilding of northeastern Ohio. Undoubtedly he could have had almost any office within the gift of the people of his part of the city had he not declined to accept political preferment. On the most earnest solicitation of those in charge, however, he consented to become a director of the work house, and for eleven years filled that position most creditably and acceptably. He was a leader and stalwart advocate of the republican party but never placed partisanship before the general good nor sacrificed public interests to personal aggrandizement. 310 - HISTORY OF CLEVELAND In many ways outside the field of political work or influence, Colonel Edwards did important service for the public. He was for years president of the Board of Trade prior to its reorganization into the Chamber of Commerce and at one time he was president of the Lakeview Cemetery Association. In 1872 he became a member of the board of directors of the Citizens Savings & Loan Association, thus continuing for many years, and was also a member of the Chamber of Commerce and a director of the Guardians Savings & Trust Company. He was for years and up to the time of his death a member of the sinking fund commission and was also one of the Ohio commissioners to the World's Columbian Exposition in Chicago. Colonel Edwards did not secure his military title at the front but that he was entitled to it was the opinion of all who knew him. During the exciting years of the Civil war he was one of the most ardent Union men in northern Ohio and because of his efforts in forming military organizations he was given the honorary title of colonel, which clung to him until his death. He was also an honorary member of the Loyal Legion. Colonel Edwards was also an enthusiastic club member, being identified with the Roadside, Country and Union Clubs and was always eagerly welcomed by his associates in those organizations. He was president of the Cleveland Driving Park Association, which under his management gained a reputation second to none. Indeed it was largely due to his efforts that the Cleveland Driving Park Association was organized. From his boyhood his love of fine horses was one of his characteristics and he was one of the chief supporters of the old Northern Ohio Fair Association. Believing that a driving park would prove a success both financially and from the standpoint of a pure sportsman, Colonel Edwards induced many of his friends to assist him in organizing the Cleveland Driving Park Association, of which he was president at the time of his death. He cared more about it than any other pleasure interest he had in life. He was always present in his place in the judge's stand and was the spirit of every meet. At the last circuit races in July preceding his death, he was in his place as starting judge. Thoroughly understanding horses and the racing of them, he stopped every race at the start if it was unfair, sternly admonished any driver guilty of trickiness or discourtesy and kept the audience well informed on the status of events on the track. It was owing largely to his influence an exertions that the Gentlemen's Driving Club was organized and brought to its high standing among clubs of a similar nature, for Colonel Edwards took an active interest both in the sport and in the business of the organization. In this his influence was always on the side of the best, and the purity of the sport of the organization was itself a tribute to his character. From the time of its formation in 1895 he was honorary president of the club. Colonel Edwards' home life was exceedingly happy and his admirably ap- pointed residence on Prospect avenue was one of the most hospitable of the city. His manner was most attractive, his cordiality and interests sincere and deep rooted and his friendship could always be relied upon if it was once gained., Colonel Edwards wedded Miss Lucia Ransom, of Clarence, New York, who still occupies the homestead on Prospect avenue. They became the parents of four children. Clarence R., after attending Brooks Military Academy, entered West Point and was graduated in 1879. For a while during the Spanish-American war he was on the staff of General Coppinger and later was with the lamented Gen- eral Lawton in the Philippines, going out with him. He also had charge of the bringing of the remains of that brave officer to the United States. He has been at the head of the insular department at Washington since it was organized, bearing the rank of brigadier general. He married Bessie Porter, of Niagara Falls, New York, and they have had one daughter, Bessie Porter Edwards. Harry R. Edwards, the second son, prepared for college at Brooks Military Academy, being graduated in 1879. He then entered Harvard and was graduated in 1883. In August of that year he entered the establishment of which his father was the head and is now vice president and treasurer of the Wil- HISTORY OF CLEVELAND - 311 ham Edwards Company. He is also a member of the advisory board of the Citizens Savings & Trust Company, succeeding his father as an official in that institution. Prominent in club circles he is identified with the Union, Country, Euclid, Roadside, Tavern, Athletic, Hermit and Gentlemen's Driving Clubs. He is also an enthusiastic dog fancier and as a breeder and judge of setter dogs he is one of the best known in the United States. His kennels are at Chardon and they are maintained more as a diversion than for profit. Lucia R., the surviving daughter, is the wife of Charles A. Otis, of Cleveland, and they have two children, William Edwards, and Lucia Eliza ; Kate R. died in early life. The death of Colonel Edwards occurred September 21, 1898. He was ever generous and his benevolent spirit promoted his ready assistance to those in need or want. Always unostentatious in his giving, his deeds of kindness were made known only to the recipient. For forty-five years he figured prominently as a leading merchant and business man of the city and in all of the different interests which constituted his life's contacts and experiences he was known as an honorable and honored man, in whom were many sterling qualities that well entitled him to the high regard in which he was uniformly held. J. GRANT ALEXANDER. Through successive stages of development and constantly broadening experience J. Grant Alexander has reached his present position of responsibility as paymaster of the Nickel Plate Railway system. He was born in Troy, Ohio, December 16, 1868. His father, William Henry Alexander, who was born August 5, 1843, traveled life's journey until the 2d of March, 1909. He was a native of Ohio and for a long period made his home in Troy, where he was living in retirement at the time of his demise. During much of his active life he had engaged in farming and was a prominent representative of the agricultural interests of his community. He served for some time as secretary and treasurer of the Miami County Agricultural Society and was for eight years county commissioner. He was widely recognized as one of the prominent and influential citizens of the county, public-spirited and enterprising, giving active and valuable support', to every movement which he deemed a measure for the public welfare. His wife, who bore the maiden name of Eliza Boone, was a daughter of Isaac and Mary Ann (Holderman) Boone. Her father was a direct descendant of Daniel Boone and a native of Virginia. In early life he removed to Troy, Ohio, and in that locality engaged in farming. He also possessed considerable inventive genius and mechanical skill. His daughter, Mrs. Alexander, passed away in 1879, when but thirty-five years of age. In the public schools of Troy, J. Grant Alexander pursued his early education and afterward took a business course at Wilts Commercial College in Dayton. When he put aside his text-books he secured a position as bookkeeper, being thus employed in various commercial houses until 1889, when he became connected with the Cincinnati, Hamilton & Dayton Railroad, acting as general clerk at Troy. In 1891 he removed to Chicago and for a short time was associated with the Chicago, Burlington & Quincy Railroad, but on the 1st of October, 1891, entered the service of the Nickel Plate Railroad as bill clerk. He next became bookkeeper and was also collector in the cashier's office. In 1895 he was promoted to the position of assistant cashier and in 1899 was made cashier at Cleveland, acting in that capacity until January, 1905, when he was appointed paymaster of the system, which position he still fills. It is a well known fact that no corporation or business house demands such a high degree of capability and faithfulness as do the railroad companies and that Mr. Alexander has been from time to time promoted is therefore proof positive of his high standing with the company, resulting from his loyalty and business capacity. 312 - HISTORY OF CLEVELAND On the 14th of February, 1894, occurred the marriage of Mr. Alexander and Miss Nellie B. Green, a daughter of John and Hannah Green, of Hoopeston, Illinois. They have three children, Irene, Winnif red and Helen, who are with their parents at No. 127 Cariyon Road, East Cleveland. Mr. Alexander finds interest and recreation in bowling and baseball. He also belongs to the Transportation Club and is a republican in politics where state and national questions are involved, but casts an independent local ballot. His wife is active in the Church of the Redeemer (Episcopal) and is interested in its various charities. RALPH PRATT MYERS. While Ralph Pratt Myers has passed from the scene of earthly activities, in which he won an honored name, the beauty of his better self lives on in the memory of his upright life, which is cherished by all who knew him. His in- fluence was at all times a beneficent one and his record constitutes an example that shows forth the work of noble character building. He was born in Schodack, Rensselaer county, New York, on the 1st of January, 1820, and his youth was spent in Sand Lake, a little town not far from Albany, where he profited by such educational opportunities as the time and place offered. As he reached adult age he felt it wise to take advantage of the broader business opportunities offered in the city and went to Albany, where he soon secured employment in a large dry-goods house, but a laudable ambi- tion prompted him to engage in business for himself and when he had saved from his earnings sufficient capital to purchase a small stock he joined with a partner in establishing and conducting a store. With hopes and fears, with anticipations and apprehensions, they opened their little mercantile enterprise but a few years later Mr. Myers perfected plans that led to his removal to the middle west. His partner had already preceded him and they again engaged in business together, opening and conducting a store at Akron, Ohio. They again began handling dry goods but within a very short time changed their field of labor to the manufacture of stoves. Always appreciative of opportunity, Mr. Myers recognized the advantages that might accrue from a removal to Cleveland, which was then a small but substantial and developing town. He came to this city in 1859 and for more than thirty-eight years resided within its borders. He established himself in business here and throughout that period maintained an unsullied reputation fot commercial integrity and progressive methods. As the Years passed he became recognized as a factor in financial circles and was one of the original directors of the Savings & Trust Company, organized in 1883. He remained in that connection with the bank until his death and was a member of the finance committee for many years. In fact he was widely trusted in financial relations, had a wide acquaintance among men of business and accomplished a definite work both as a business man and a citizen. In 1843, when twenty-three years of age, Mr. Myers was married to Miss Hannah Mary Osborn, of Albany, a lady beautiful both in person and character. They dwelt together in that harmony which constitutes an ideal married relation, congenial in their tastes and at all times at one in their interests, until Mrs. Myers was called to the home beyond in 1883. In 1886 he married Mrs. C. A. Austin, of Akron, Ohio, with whom he lived until his death four years later. He left two surviving children, Mrs. Nathaniel Schneider and Harry E. Myers, both of whom reside in Cleveland. Through his entire life his church was one of Mr. Myers' chief interests, having identified himself with the First Baptist church upon making Cleveland his home. In that organization he held various offices, being a deacon for a long term of years and in fact up to the time of his death. The last years of his HISTORY OF CLEVELAND - 315 life were comparatively free from all business cares. He had an office in the Savings & Trust building, now the Citizens Savings & Trust, and there spent much of his time among the friends to whom he was very devoted. A friend who knew him intimately summed up his life as one conspicuous in fidelity to the best that he knew, adding also that he possessed an old fashioned courtesy and was thoughtful and chivalrous to all with whom he came in contact. On the loth of February, 1898, Ralph Pratt Myers passed away, confident in the hope of another and better existence "farther on." HON. MYRON T. HERRICK Investigation concerning the ancestry of Myron T. Herrick shows that he is descended from that sturdy, independent race from which came the brave fighters and wise counselors who determined the country's destiny. His paternal grandfather, Timothy Herrick, was born at Watertown, New York. His grandfather on the distaff side was Orrin Hulburt, who removed from Brattleboro, Vermont, his birthplace, to Watertown, New York, where occurred the birth of his daughter, Mary Hulburt Herrick, the mother of Myron T. Herrick. Both of the grandfathers fought in the War of 1812. Determining to remove westward, Timothy Herrick in 1834 walked from Watertown, New York, to Huntington, Ohio, to find a suitable location for his family, and later with ox teams he accomplished the removal of his family and household effects to what was then a far western district. He was well fitted by nature and interests for pioneer life, being fond of hunting and delighting in tramping the forests in search of game. Not long afterward Orrin Hulburt also came to Ohio, settling on land at Lagrange given him by the government in recognition of his services in the War of 1812. The marriage of Timothy R. Herrick, the son of Timothy Herrick, and Mary Hulburt was celebrated in this state, and Myron T. Herrick was born October 9, 1854, in a little log cabin on the farm owned by his grandfather at Huntington, Lorain county. His father, a man of unusual ability, was a farmer. He accumulated what was held in those days to be a considerable fortune. Timothy R. Herrick was a man of much influence in public affairs and served for some time as mayor of the village of Wellington. His wife was a lady of quiet dignity and force, whose training did much to shape the character of her son. The usual experiences of the farmer boy constituted the salient features in the early life of Myron T. Herrick. He began his education in Huntington, Ohio, and continued it in the schools of Wellington following the removal of his parents to a farm two miles east of the village when he was twelve years of age. He completed the greater portion of the high school work but did not graduate. As a boy he appreciated the value of educational discipline and training. His ambition to obtain an education was stimulated by the reading of Henry Ward Beecher's story, Norwood. When he was thirteen years of age he attended the commencement exercises at Oberlin College and what he saw and heard there strengthened his determination to secure a college education. His father, however, was inclined to think that experience was a better teacher and believed that success came more quickly and more surely by hard work in field or office. He therefore attempted to dissuade his son from going to college and offered him substantial interest in the farm, but the boy's purpose was not to be shaken and he set out to work his own way in college. Myron T. Herrick was scarcely sixteen years of age when he secured the position of teacher in the district school at Brighton, Ohio. About the same time he began taking a keen interest in the affairs of state and nation. In those days every community had its debating society where public questions were discussed and at these meetings young Herrick soon showed himself a quick thinker and a ready talker with clear and 316 - HISTORY OF CLEVELAND positive views. In addition to his duties as teacher he attempted, by working at night, to fit himself for college, but the strain soon told on his health. Myron T. Herrick then went to St. Louis in connection with an enterprise which was not a success and he soon was obliged to find other means of support. About that time the Merchants bridge over the Mississippi, then considered a remarkable feat of engineering, was completed. It occurred to the young man that a description of the bridge might be acceptable to a newspaper ; accordingly he wrote an article on the subject which he took to the St. Louis Globe Democrat, hoping that he might be paid for it. That he was not without ability at that time as a writer is indicated by the fact that not only was the article accepted but that he was given a commission to travel through Texas and Oklahoma and write up that wonderful country. For the next eight months he furnished to the papers stories of the cattle ranches and descriptions of the towns he visited and the people he met. At the same time he was gaining broad knowledge of human nature and an understanding of the possibilities of that great and grow- ing section of the country. He never abandoned his idea of a college education, however, and in less than a year from the time he reached St. Louis he entered Oberlin College, where he studied for a year and a half. He was then obliged to discontinue his course through a lack of further means. To replenish his ex- hausted exchequer he first sold dinner bells to farmers, later was agent for the Estey organs, and in a short time was again able to resume his studies, entering the Ohio Wesleyan University at Delaware. After two years' study he had re- ceived credit sufficient to rank as A junior, but was then obliged to give up his college course. Myron T. Herrick has always been an earnest advocate of advanced education. For some years he has been a trustee of the Ohio Wesleyan University, which in recognition of his eminence as a financier, public official and man of affairs has conferred upon him the degree of Doctor of Laws, as have Kenyon and Miami Colleges. When Myron T. Herrick left college he was a young man of active mind, a quick and clear thinker, ambitious and persistent and of affable manner, making friends easily and keeping them. He started out in business life as a lightning rod agent in western Pennsylvania but soon accepted the position of bookkeeper in the office of William Vischer at Wellington. The opportunities of the village were, however, too limited for a young man of his ambition ; and with the in- tention of becoming a lawyer he entered the office of L. F. and G. E. Herrick, of Cleveland, in 1875, where he received a small salary for doing the clerical work of the office. The money that he earned in this way, with that which he had saved, enabled him to pay his own way. Immediately ,af ter his admission to the bar in 1878 he opened an office for himself. He was more than usually success- ful in building up a practice and with it came business opportunities of which he took full advantage. His work as a lawyer gradually developed along con- structive business lines. His ability and temperament seemed to be more those of the financier and man of affairs than of the lawyer. In his undertakings he has been almost uniformly successful. With Henry C. Ranney he purchased a portion of the Case estate, which was soon sold at an advance of one hundred thousand dollars. He was instrumental in the organization of the Cleveland Hardware Company—a successful enterprise especially well known because it has put into practice advanced ideas as to the treatment of employes. Mr. Herrick was associated with others in promoting the Cleveland Arcade building. In 1886 he was elected secretary and treasurer of the Society for Savings. Although but thirty-two years of age at the time, he was practically the chief executive head of the bank. Under his guidance the institution has steadily grown until on the 1st of July, 1908, the deposits of the bank approximated fifty million dollars and the number of depositors eighty-one thousand. His connection with this bank means much more to him than his salary as an official and he has repeatedly refused more remunerative positions. If he had done nothing else his success as a directing head of the Society for Savings would entitle him to HISTORY OF CLEVELAND - 317 a very high and honorable position in the community. It was while he was secretary and treasurer of the bank that the magnificent bank building was erected. Many of the admirable details of construction and arrangement were planned by him. He was elected president of the Society for Savings in 1894. He held this position until June, 1905, when he resigned because his duties as governor of the state did not permit of his giving as much time as he thought necessary to the work of the bank, but that he might still retain official connection with the institution the position of chairman of the board was created and he was elected to fill it. In 1884, with W. H. Lawrence, James Parmelee, Webb C. Hayes and B. F. Miles, Mr. Herrick purchased a small carbon manufacturing plant on Wilson avenue and from this has been developed the present National Carbon Company, which now manufactures a large part of the carbons and dry batteries made in this country, one of the Cleveland factories covering twenty-seven acres. In 1892 Mr. Herrick became interested in the erection of the Cuyahoga building, his associates in the enterprise being James Parmelee and C. A. Otis, Sr. Mr. Her- rick was also one of the organizers of the Cleveland Electric Illuminating Company. This company has built up an immense business. It supplies electric light to the municipality and to practically all of the private consumers of Cleveland. Mr. Herrick was for a time president of the company. In 1896, as representative of the eastern banking interests, he was appointed one of the receivers of the Wheeling & Lake Erie Railroad Company and by reason thereof was able to provide a Cleveland terminus for the Wheeling & Lake Erie by uniting it with the Cleveland, Canton & Southern. Later the Wabash, by obtaining control of the Wheeling & Lake Erie, gained an entrance into Cleveland, thus giving the city another trunk line. For twelve years Mr. Herrick was on the board of directors of the Missouri, Kansas & Texas Railway Company and has had, as a director, voice in the management of the Bowling Green Trust Company of New York, the Night & Day Bank of New York, the Trust Company of America in New York and the Continental Trust Company of Baltimore. He was one of the organizers and is a director of the Quaker Oats Company. He was one of a syndicate that acquired control of the Western Maryland Railway in the interests of the Goulds. In 1901 he was elected president of the American Bankers Bank Association. From his boyhood questions of politics and the science of government have intensely interested Myron T. Herrick. In 1885 he was elected to the city council of Cleveland. Mayor George W. Gardner appointed him chairman of two important committees—the departmental examinations and public printing. At his suggestion all printing contracts were submitted to him for approval, resulting in a very considerable saving to the city. He also inaugurated many important changes and improvements as chairman of the departmental examinations committee. He also served on the committee of legislation and in this connection he prepared and submitted to the general assembly a bill providing for depositories for city and county money. This measure became a law the importance of which is self evident, for prior to this time city and county treasurers had absolute control over the funds in their possession and whatever interest they were able to obtain went into their own pockets. After serving two terms in the council Mr. Herrick refused to again become a candidate. In 1888 he opposed M. A. Hanna in a contest for control of the district convention that was to select delegates to the national convention. He was successful but insisted that Hanna be named with him as a delegate. This was the beginning of a very close personal friendship between the two men. From 1888 to the present time Mr. Herrick has been a delegate to every republican national convention save in 1900, when he was abroad; and that year, as elector at large, he cast his vote for William McKinley. He went to the St. Louis convention of 1896 as an enthusiastic supporter of Governor McKinley and took a leading part in the framing of the gold standard plank in the platform adopted by the convention. In 318 - HISTORY OF CLEVELAND 1900 he was made a member of the national committee from Ohio following the resignation of George B. Cox, and in 1904 was elected a member of the committee. Following the election of William McKinley as governor of Ohio, in 1893, Myron T. Herrick was made a colonel on his staff, so serving until he felt that the duties interfered with his work as president of the Society for Savings. President McKinley soon after his election offered Colonel Herrick the treasury portfolio in his cabinet, but he felt that he could not afford the sacrifice of his business that its acceptance would involve. He also felt that greater strength would be added to the administration if a man more prominent in public life were named for the place. During his second administration President McKinley offered Colonel Herrick the ambassadorship to Italy and President Roosevelt renewed the offer, but on both occasions Mr. Herrick declined, not caring to be away from his own country for the length of time that such a position would necessi- tate. Myron T. Herrick resolved on his retirement from the city council never again to become a candidate for office, but the course of events caused him to put aside this determination in the interests of state and national affairs. It was evident in the winter of 1904 that the democrats intended to defeat United States Senator Hanna for reelection and the Senator realized that if he were again sent to Washington he must have the support of the republican state senators from Cuyahoga county. To secure this it was felt that a strong man must be at the head of the Ohio state ticket and President McKinley and Senator Hanna both urged Colonel Herrick to accept the republican nomination for governor. Though he hesitated, he finally consented with the understanding that if he should be successful he would enter office unhampered by obligations or pledges of any sort. The suggestion that he would be the nominee was exceedingly popular and it was a foregone conclusion when he reached Columbus, where the state convention was held, that his nomination would be made by acclamation. In accepting the nomination Colonel Herrick said in part : "We favor the extreme in nothing. We are for no fads or isms, no matter whence they come or by whom they are championed. Republican omniscience is as dangerous to the body poli- tic as any other kind. Untried and untested theories of government should find no place in our category of principles. . . . Under the administration of Governor Nash the policy was declared that taxation of real and personal prop- erty for the support of the state government and institutions should cease and the necessary funds should be raised from special privileges and franchises. I take it that this policy is to be maintained and that each county is to be left to supply its needs as best suits it, the very best form of home rule. . . . Gentlemen, I accept the charge you have so generously placed in my keeping in a spirit of the deepest reverence. As a loyal republican I obey your summons and stand ready to march and fight with you, and with you 'guard the bridge.'" The democrats nominated Tom L. Johnson, of Cleveland, for governor, for he had for some time been the leader of Ohio democracy. The campaign began almost as soon as both tickets were selected and continued at high pressure until the election in November. Colonel Herrick with great enthusiasm and earnest- ness at once took an active part in the campaign, speaking in nearly every county in the state. Republican speakers asked for the retention of the party in power because of the soundness of its tenets as set forth in its platform, which declared for the maintenance of the protective tariff, the application of the constitutional penalty for the disfranchisement of colored voters in the south, the reduction in the representation in congress of those states in which colored voters were dis- franchised, for the reestablishment of a merchant marine and for constitutional amendments providing for the classification of property for taxation purposes, the exemption of stocks from double liability and the giving of the veto power to the governor. The platform of the democratic party was practically confined to the single issue of taxation and then, as it has ever been, the policy of the campaign was to oppose everything advocated by the republicans. The result of the campaign is a matter of history, Colonel Herrick receiving a majority of one HISTORY OF CLEVELAND - 319 hundred and thirteen thousand, eight hundred and twelve votes—the largest ever given an Ohio governor. The people of the state had had the issues of the campaign placed squarely before them with ample opportunity to judge the men who were asking for the highest office in their power to give, and they wisely chose the one who stood for wholesome, practical measures and in whom the sense of civic duty was so strong that nothing could move him from acting for the best interests of the state. Myron T. Herrick was inaugurated the fortieth governor of Ohio, January 11, 1904. His inaugural address fully set forth his policy. It was a manifestation of the highest order of statesmanship and of public loyalty. He sounded a note of warning concerning a too large surplus in the treasury and asked the cooperation of the general assembly in avoiding extravagance in expending the state's money or recklessness in legislation. He advocated a state depository law ; an increase in the number of assistants to the attorney-general owing to the increase of legal business in his office ; the establishment of a state banking department for the supervision of all banking and trust companies incorporated under the laws of Ohio; the adoption of legislation for the regulation of interurban railroads ; the consideration of bids for the maintenance of state institutions for the care of the unfortunate ones of the state, and many other wise measures. Governor Herrick had a law passed, at his instigation, a short time before his inauguration, that the members of the governor's staff should be officers of the National Guard. This recognition of the National Guard tended to raise its standard. Later a similar law was passed at the request of Governor Hughes in the state of New York. Governor Herrick appointed, in accordance with the law recently passed, members of the National Guard as his staff officers. He advocated reform in ballot laws ; the codification and amendment of the common school laws to meet the demands and requirements of modern education; the consideration of the subject of forestry preserves and the encouragement of timber growing, closing his inaugural address with an appeal for the cooperation of Ohio citizens in all that was for the best interests of the state. Very soon after Governor Herrick came to Cleveland he joined the Cleveland Grays and remained with the organization for about three years, when he re- signed to become a member of Troop A, just then being organized. His connection therewith covered twelve years. During the day of his inaugural he was escorted by the famous Troop A. Governor Herrick is not and has never been a politician in the commonly accepted sense of the term—one who studies every detail and phase of every question bearing upon the success of the party. He is preeminently a business man whose training and experience have been along the lines of conservative business. It is his plan first to determine the right course to pursue and then to follow that course. Such a course has been perhaps detrimental to him in politics. The very unequal division in the general assembly was a source of weakness rather than of strength to the republican party. The opposition was a matter of little account and therefore there was chance for much division and strife within the party ranks, as they did not need to concentrate their forces for protection against a common enemy. Conscious of great power, the majority evinced a tendency to favor some legislation the only merit of which was party expediency or which savored too much of the influence of special interests. Fortunately for the state and the party, Governor Herrick assumed the responsibility of insisting that only proper measures be enacted. He was determined to see that the faith of the people in him and the party was not violated and that promises made were carried into execution. It was a very difficult situation, but his efforts resulted in much beneficial and long-needed legislation, although in following the course which. he believed to be just and right, Governor Herrick was subjected to much unjust criticism and abuse. Of all the important matters that came before the seventy-sixth general assembly none was fraught with greater consequences to the state and to Governor 320 - HISTORY OF CLEVELAND Herrick personally than that of temperance legislation. His attitude in this respect was very simple. He was determined that an efficient law should be passed making it possible that saloons be removed from the resident districts of cities, but he was equally insistent that the law should be just and that it should not, because of the violence of its provisions, prove to be unconstitutional. His position satisfied neither anti-saloon leaders nor the saloon and brewery interests. The former, wishing only radical measures, did not consider the question of un- constitutionality, or even of legal fairness. There was no definite and fixed bill which the friends of temperance legislation were agreed upon from the start. Numerous and radical changes were made after the proposed legislation was first introduced. Mr. Brannock himself intrduced two bills. Both provided for ward local option and were referred to the committee on temperance, which reported back house bill No. 180, with some forty changes. After still further amendments the committee report was finally adopted by a vote of seventy-two to thirty-three, on March 22, 1904. The next day the bill as amended received its first read- ing in the senate and the senate committee on judiciary reported the bill back with half a dozen amendments. The senate made as many more changes and then passed the bill by a vote of twenty-seven to six, but it was now so different from its original form as to be scarcely recognizable by the author and as thus amended was rejected by the house by a vote of forty-two ayes and forty-eight noes. This brought on a deadlock, the house standing for one bill and the senate for certain amendments which the house refused to accept, and Governor Herrick at that time suggested four changes. He stated that he was in favor of a residence local option that the people might vote out saloons from the midst of their homes ; that he did not favor the bill passed by the house because it was unfair and unjust. He stated that he had hoped the senate would eliminate the unfair and unjust features but that it had failed to do so and if the house concurred in the senate amendments he would veto the measure. He advocated changes in the following words : "First—The residence district should in no case contain more than fifteen hundred electors, instead of five thousand. "Second—Any street between intersecting streets, or for five hundred feet, as set forth in the bill, should be treated as a business section and not included as residence district, if more than one-half of the frontage is business property, in- stead of seventy-five per cent as the bill provides. This is a majority rule. "Third—In determining the character of the frontage in questions saloons should be treated as business property. They are business and not residence prop- erty. You might as well say that no saloon-keeper should vote on the question as that his property should not be counted on the question. "Fourth—When an election is held the result •of such election should control for a special of two years, whether the sale of liquor has been permitted or pro- hibited. Section 6 of the act provides that if the sale be prohibited the result of the election should control for two years, but it does not provide that if the sale be permitted such result should control for two years. "If these changes are made the bill will be an effective and fair local option measure, and I will approve it. Without these changes it is not a fair measure, and I will feel compelled to veto it." The conference committee, made up of friends of temperance, accepted the principles of Governor Herrick's suggestion, incorporated them in a bill some- what modified, retained all the senate amendments and reported back the bill thus changed, and the conference report was passed by both houses, after which it was promptly signed by the governor. The changes favored by Governor Herrick were all suggested by lawyers who had carefully examined the bill and every suggestion was made for the purpose of securing a law so fair and equitable in all particulars that the courts would ;uphold it and public sentiment enforce it. As stated, his course awakened opposition on the part of those who favored and those who opposed the saloons. but time has vindicated the wisdom of the course and HISTORY OF CLEVELAND - 321 policy which he advocated and Ohio's most effective temperance legislation was placed on the law books of the state. The records show that thousands of saloons have been put out of commission by the very law that was so bitterly fought by the anti saloon league and which was the foundation of the bitter opposition to Governor Herrick's reelection in 1905. The question second in importance to the temperance agitation during Governor Herrick's administration was that relating to a bill concerning race-track gambling. With the ostensible purpose of securing legislation to "further encourage and promote the breeding and developing of light harness horses," Representative Chisholm introduced a bill that permittted the sale of polls at race meets. Strange as it may seem, those back of the measure succeeded in obtaining favorable action by both house and senate. It is incredible that any one should have thought that Governor Herrick would give his sanction to a bill that would be a disgrace to Ohio as long as it remained on the statute books. When the measure came to him he promptly returned it with the following message to the house : "I return herewith house bill No. 222 without my approval, for the reason that the same is against the moral interests of the state, violates a sound public policy and is forbidden by the constitution. The opinion of the attorney general upon the constitutionality of the proposed act is herewith transmitted for your consideration." This message was a signal for a fierce attack upon the governor. Why he did not receive the instant and hearty commendation of all those who had the least interest in the maintenance of the dignity of the great state of Ohio is beyond comprehension. There is only one explanation possible—that the people of Ohio were not then alive to the terrible consequences of race-track gambling and that the public sentiment lacked the moral stamina it has since gained. Long before the time for the state convention to meet it was evident that Governor Herrick would be renominated. He had no desire for public office, much preferring to serve his party and the state as a private citizen, but the many unjust attacks that were made upon him by special interests decided him to ask a renomination, for he knew that his administration deserved the approval of the people. He was the first man in the history of the state to receive two unanimous nominations for governor. Secretary of war, now President Taft, presided over the convention and thoroughly and unqualifiedly endorsed the leading and prominent measures of Governor Herrick's administration. The campaign that followed was a most spectacular one. The advocates of special interests that he had opposed and the anti-saloon and the saloon elements were all arrayed against him; as well as the democratic forces of the state. The opposition to his reelection began with his action in relation to the Brannock law, was strengthened by his veto of the Chisholm racing bill and the enactment of the inheritance tax law. In addition to this the minds of the people were inflamed by the recent expose of the methods of political bosses and they were in a condition to vote against any candidate against whom the charge of "bossism"--whether merited or unmerited— had been made. Nothing could have been more unfair or unjust than the claim that Governor Herrick stood for bossism and machine politics. The independent attitude of the business man—such as he was and is—was entirely opposed to this. But he was declared to be the tool of George B. Cox, of Cincinnati, and in the midst of the campaign Secretary Taft made a most unfortunate address in Akron, in which he declared that he would not support the Cox ticket in Hamilton county. There was no foundation to the statement that Governor Herrick was influenced in the slightest measure by Cox, for the records of the general assembly showed that during his administration many more Cox measures were defeated than passed and that they were defeated because of the insistence of Governor Herrick. With his retirement from office Governor Herrick resumed an active part in the business and civic affairs of Cleveland. Too broad minded to allow any personal feeling to swerve him in his duty or in his relations to the government, he 322 - HISTORY OF CLEVELAND took his place again in the ranks as a party worker. He was asked to preside as temporary chairman of the Ohio republican state convention in the spring of 1906. As the time for the republican national convention of 1908 approached he used all his influence to advance the interests of Secretary Taft, notwithstanding the fact that Mr. Taft's Akron speech was largely responsible for his own defeat. He believed that Mr. Taft was the best qualified to discharge the duties of president of all those seeking the nomination. He has extended his efforts in business fields, his ability making him a leader in many enterprises Or importance. In the fall of 1906 he was chosen to the presidency of the Central Colorado Power Company, formed for the purpose of supplying Denver and the surrounding country with cheap water power. Long a careful and thorough student of financial and bank- ing problems, he is frequently requested to speak on such subjects and at the an- nual convention of the American Bankers Association, in 1906, he delivered an address before the savings bank section, and at the convention of the Ohio Bankers Association in June, 1907, he urged the need for currency reform and made an earnest appeal to bankers to do their utmost to curb improper financial expansion, warning them that unless they did so trouble would soon follow. At a meeting of the National Civic Federation in New York city, in January, 1908, he delivered an address on postal savings banks and his opinions carried with them the weight of wide experience and compelled consideration. He is and always has been opposed to the establishment of a postal savings system in this country. In his opinion the facilities offered by the savings banks now established are so nearly adequate that it would be a serious mistake to inaugurate such a daring innovation. And more than that, in his opinion, the difficulties in the way of successfully administering postal savings banks are insurmountable. When the financial panic of 1907 came on Governor Herrick's services were in great demand in rehabilitating wrecked business enterprises, and when strenuous efforts were made to for- mulate a plan whereby the Knickerbocker Trust Company of New York city might resume business, he was made a trustee, together with Henry C. Frick and L. C. Ledyard, with full power to select such directors and officers that the company might regain the confidence of the community. In this they were very successful. Later Governor Herrick was placed on a protective committee to look after the interests of the security holders of three railroads that had failed—the Chicago, Great Western, the Wabash-Pittsburg Terminal and the Western Maryland. Governor Herrick in early manhood married Miss Caroline M. Parmely, of Dayton. They have an only son, Parmely W. Herrick, who is showing much of his father's splendid business qualifications in the conduct of important commercial and financial interests. GEORGE H. HODGSON. George H. Hodgson, general manager of the Cleveland Worsted Mills Company and one of the most capable men in his line in the country, was born at Bradford, Yorkshire, England, September 19, 1865. He was a son of Frederick and Sarah (Rowland) Hodgson, both of whom were natives of England and never came to America, the father dying when his son George was only ten years of age. The mother yet makes her home in her native land. George H. Hodgson acquired his early education in the public schools of England and at the age of thirteen secured employment in a textile factory. His father had been engaged in the woolen mill business and it was a work to which the boy was naturally inclined. He gained considerable knciwledge and experience in the manufacture of textile fabrics in his native land, but wages were comparatively poor and, thinking to have better opportunities to acquire a competence more rapidly on this side the Atlantic, he sailed for the new world when twenty-eight years HISTORY OF CLEVELAND - 325 of age. Making his way to Cleveland, he was first engaged with the Briggs Priestly Company and later entered the service of the Cleveland Worsted Mills Company as designer. He is now general manager of the business, which is one of the important productive industries of the city and the largest independent concern in its line in the country. His success is undoubtedly due in part at least to the fact that he has always continued in the line of business in which, as a young tradesman, he embarked. His time and talents have never been wasted in search for success along other lines and his constantly increasing experience and proficiency have brought him to a prominent position in manufacturing circles. He also has financial investments and is a director of the Broadway Savings & Trust Company. On the 21st of December, 1898, Mr. Hodgson was married to Miss Margaret Flannigan, a daughter of Patrick and Mary (Conway) Flannigan. They are now parents of two children, George E. and Olive L., the former a pupil in the public schools. In his political views Mr. Hodgsdon is a republican, having continuously supported the party since becoming a naturalized American citizen. He lived in a country where there were no restrictions to trade and where wages were accordingly low. He favors a protective policy and is in sympathy with the party upon other vital questions. He holds membership in the Epworth Methodist church, belongs to the Cleveland Athletic Club and to the Chamber of Commerce—associations which indicate much of the nature of his interests. He is also fond of automobiling and golf, which afford him pleasant recreation from business cares which would otherwise prove too strenuous. He attributes his success in life to hard work and close application. He has never shirked a duty that has devolved upon him and in each position to which he has been promoted he has fully mastered his tasks, so that he was ready for further promotion when the opportunity came. Thus he has reached a prominent place in manufacturing circles in Cleveland. PERL BONAPARTE WILLIAMS. Out of the struggle with small opportunities Perl Bonaparte Williams has come into a field of broad and active influence and usefulness, and the varied experiences which have come to him in the successive stages of his business development have brought him finally to the position of treasurer and general manager of the Tran-Cais Time Recorder Company, which, though one of the more recently organized industries of Cleveland, seems destined to reach a foremost position among the important productive concerns of the city. Mr. Williams was born in Sidney, Shelby county, Ohio, in 1879, a son of William B. and Mary A. (Wiles) Williams. His grandfather, William Bard Williams, was born in New Jersey, November 15, 1794, and at an early day, prior to the development of the great coal fields of the country, he engaged in shipping wood from Philadelphia to New York. In 1814 he wedded Mary O'Neal and unto them were born five children. After the mother's death William Bard Williams was married in 1826 to Rachel Clevenger, who was born September 1806. There were nine children of that marriage, of whom William H. Williams, the father of our subject, was the seventh in order of birth. In 1833, William Bard Williams, accompanied by his mother, his wife and children and his cousins, Nathan and Harriett Austin, set out in covered wagons for the west and after a journey of six weeks arrived at Centerville, Ohio. They soon made their way to Shelby county, Ohio, where Mr. Williams purchased eighty acres of land for two hundred dollars. Upon that tract he built a log cabin in the midst of the primeval forest, where wild turkeys, squirrels, deer and other kinds of wild game abounded. As it was some time before the farm was sufficiently productive to meet family expenses, he and his two eldest sons worked on the Erie canal in order to obtain the necessaries of life. 326 - HISTORY OF CLEVELAND William H. Williams, the father of Perl f. Williams, was born August 16, 1841, on the farm where he still resides. He is a veteran of the Civil war, having remained at the front throughout the entire period of hostilities. He first enlisted in Company F, Fifteenth Ohio Volunteer Infantry in response to the call for three months' troops, and was honorably discharged at Columbus, September 27, 1861. He reenlisted at Newport, Kentucky, October 1, 1861, becoming a member of Company F, Twentieth Ohio Volunteer Infantry; he veteranized at Vicksburg, January 1, 1864; was wounded before Atlanta, July 22, 1864; and was honorably discharged at Columbus, July 15, 1865. On the 7th of April, 1864, he was married to Miss Mary A. Wiles, a daughter of David and Catherine Wiles. They reared a family of eight sons and two daughters and both parents are still living. Perl B. Williams acquired the greater part of his education in Sidney, Ohio, and after his graduation from the high school attended the Youngstown (Ohio) Business College. He then returned to Sidney to pursue a course in A. B. C. Hitchcock's Normal School and was thus qualified for the practical duties of life which come when school days are over. For two years he engaged in teaching in the public schools of his native county and in 1899 accepted a position as teacher in the commercial college of Youngstown, a large institution having one hundred and twenty pupils. It was during his residence there that he did his first auditing work, thus representing the Greenwood School Supply Company. In 1901 Mr. Williams came to Cleveland, where he accepted a position with the Fox Furnace Company as bookkeeper. His ensuing association with the Cleveland Audit Company was important in that it determined his subsequent career, or at least was largely instrumental therein. After serving for a time as bookkeeper with the old Park National Bank, since amalgamated with the First National Bank, Mr. Williams returned to Youngstown for the purpose of estab- lishing an accounting system for the firm of Rice & Feldman, and for some time had charge of the financial interests of the business. Upon terminating that association he made an extended trip through Florida for rest and recreation and on his return to the north settled in Cleveland, where several important business tasks engaged his attention. He assisted in auditing the books of the waterworks department for the city as well as those of the Farmers & Mer- chants Bank, after its failure in 1908, and the Bonelli Bank, which suffered a sim- ilar adversity. Mr. Williams continued in the auditing business with his brother, M. T. Williams, as the Logan-Williams Company for a number of years, but severed his active connection with the firm to become general manager of the Tran-Cais Time Recorder Company, a manufacturing concern incorporated in 1909 at Columbus, with an authorized capital stock of one hundred thousand dollars. This company is manufacturing something entirely new in the way of time recorders, combining employes' "in-and-out" registers with a computing machine for pay rolls. It is possible with this machine to have an employe's time recorded, carried to the pay roll record, working time registered, figured and ready for payment. The company claims to save at least seventy-five per cent of the time now required in most time-keeping departments. They also manufacture cost keeping, depart- ment and department store clocks. Their time recorder was recently tested at the Cleveland postoffice by the United States government. The officers of the company are : William Greif, of the Greif Brothers Company, president ; Frank Cais, vice president ; M. T. Williams, of the Logan-Williams Company, secretary ; Frank J. Tran, assistant secretary ; and P. B. Williams, treasurer and general manager. Messrs. Tran and Cais are the inventors. The company is planning to establish branch offices in New York, Chicago, Denver and a dozen other large cities on account of the numerous inquiries received from all parts of the United States. The factories are located in South Brooklyn, where are employed expert mechanics to turn out recorders to fill the numerous orders already received. HISTORY OF CLEVELAND - 327 Mr. Williams was married in August, 1907, to Miss Gertrude Cathleen Hanley, a daughter of P. T. Hanley, and they reside at No. 1414 West Eighty-fifth street, At national elections Mr. Williams gives his allegiance to the democratic party, but locally votes as his judgment dictates without partisan considerations. While keenly interested in public affairs, his business so fully occupies his time as to preclude his active participation in political work. He is a member of the Benevolent and Protective Order of Elks and belongs to both the Cleveland Chamber of Industry and the National Credit Men's Association. He is extremely fond of outdoor life, being especially devoted to rowing, tennis and motoring, and gives a whole-hearted enthusiasm to America's great national sport, baseball. While he has won a creditable and gratifying position in business circles, the social side of his nature is also well developed and he rejoices in the possession of many friends. SAMUEL LIPPERT. Samuel Lippert is distinctively a man of affairs and one who has wielded a wide influence, so that he well deserves prominent mention among the representative citizens of Cleveland, where he is now actively engaged in business as the vice president of the American Pump Company, with headquarters in the Schofield building. Mr. Lippert was born in Shelby, Richland county, Ohio, January 22, 1866, and is the youngest in a family of twelve' children, whose parents, Peter and Charlotte Lippert, were of German birth and ancestry. The father was born April 16, 1808, in Mannheim, near Heidelberg, and it was in the far famed University of Heidelberg that he completed his education. Hearing and heeding the call of the western world and attracted by the broader opportunities here offered, he came to America in 1837 as a passenger on the sailing vessel Mississippi, which was six weeks in accomplishing that voyage. It is safe to hazard that the young German would have found little credence for the prophecy that one day the voyage could be accomplished in as many days. In the spring of 1838 he sailed up the Hudson river to Albany, thence made his way to Buffalo and traveled overland to Cleveland. Settling here in the embryo city, he was for some time engaged in the meat business. When the Cleveland & Columbus Railroad, now the Big Four, began laying its track to Shelby, Ohio, he removed to that town, where he continued to conduct a meat market until 1876, when he retired from active business. He was permitted to round out a long and useful life, passing away in 1893 at the age of eighty-five years. His loved wife had died just a year previous. Samuel Lippert was a pupil in the public schools of his native city between the ages of six and fourteen years, after which he secured employment as a machinist with the Champlain Machine Company of Springfield, Ohio. After a year in that employ and a half year spent as machinist with Thomas Ludlow & Rogers, also of Springfield, he decided on a change of occupation and from 1882 until 1887 was employed as a traveling salesman in various lines, at different times handling machinery, oils, tobacco, cigars and crackers. His broadening business experience equipped him for further activities and larger responsibilities and in the year 1887 he became general agent for an insurance company, which he thus represented for four years. On the expiration of that period he began taking contracts for drilling oil wells but in 1894 ill health required him to retire from the oil fields and he once more became connected with the insurance business. In 1900, however, he again went into the oil fields and drilled over five hundred wells during the succeeding four years. It has always been Mr. Lippert's custom to thoroughly study and master every task to which he has turned his attention and every question which comes up for solution. This same principle of thoroughness led him to the recognition of the fact that one-half of the energy 328 - HISTORY OF CLEVELAND employed in pumping wells was being wasted by the pumps then in use. In 1904, therefore, he abandoned his activities in the oil fields in order to devote his entire attention to the invention of a double throw pump, with which twice the fluid could be pumped with the same power. His invention has been an undoubted success. He organized the American Pump Company for the manufacture of his invention and as its vice president is devoting his energies to the development and upbuilding of the business, which has already assumed extensive and profitable proportions. Throughout his business career Mr. Lippert has never judged conditions nor opportunities by their surface indication and his keen insight into situations and his clear perception have enabled him to reach logical deductions ihat would never be done by a more superficial observer. As the result of this characteristic on the part of Mr. Lippert he wrote and published an article which appeared several years ago under the caption, "Don't be Fooled." . It was a clear exposition of the subject of oil development through the agency of thousands of companies that were incorporated in other states than Ohio and were therefore subject to less rigid laws and scrutiny. As the result of this article over fifty fake oil companies were forced to suspend business and thus thousands of dollars were saved to probable investors. Mr. Lippert is also the author of a serial article on Modern Banking, which was published recently and indicates the same clear investigation and understanding of the subject, his lucid exposition of facts making strong appeal even to the dullest minds. On the 7th of September, 1887, Mr. Lippert was united in marriage to Miss Julia A. Lamont of Saginaw, Michigan, a daughter of John B. Lamont, the chief of the fire department of that place and a distant relative of Daniel S. Lamont, ex-secretary of the treasury of the United States. Seven children have been born unto Mr. and Mrs. Lippert. John P., who will be twenty-two years old on September 28, 1910, seems to have inherited his father's genius and has already won some distinction as an inventor, doing original work in connection with the improvement of gasoline engines, wireless telephones and telegraphs. He completed his education in Shaw Academy. Samuel, twenty years of age, is an engineer and takes great interest in the fine arts. William, aged eighteen, is a mechanical engineer and, like his elder brother, possesses much mechanical ingenuity. Earl, seventeen years of age, attends the public schools and is an art student under the direction of Miss May Ames and also shares the family's mechanical genius. Arthur, aged fifteen, David M., thirteen and George Dewey, eleven, are all pupils in the public schools. The family residence is at No. 41 Stanwood Road. Mr. Lippert and his family attend the Christian church, in which he holds membership. He gives his political allegiance to the democracy and affrliates with the Independent Order of Odd Fellows. He enjoys the esteem and admiration of his friends and business associates and in business circles has made substantial progress, so utilizing his time, opportunities and native talents that he has risen to a prominent position in manufacturing circles. Moreover, his wide reading and research and his keen analytical mind have made him to a considerable extent a molder of public thought and action in the city of his residence. SAMUEL P. ORTH. Samuel P. Orth, attorney, was born in Capac, Michigan, August 1, 1873. His father was a German Evangelical clergyman. Mr. Orth graduated from Oberlin College in 1896, studied law at the University of Michigan in 1896-7, was called to the chair of political science in Buchtel College, Akron, Ohio, in 1897 and remained there for five years. In 1902 he was appointed honorary university fellow in public law at Columbia University, and in 1903 received the degree of Ph. D. from the HISTORY OF CLEVELAND - 331 university, in the department of public law. Mr. Orth came to Cleveland in the summer of 1903 and began the practice of law. In 1904 he was elected a member of the board of education and chosen president of the board on its organization in January, 1905. During 1905 and 1906 he was assistant United States attorney. Mr. Orth is the author of "Centralization of Administration in Ohio" and "Five American Politicians," is a contributor to the Atlantic Monthly and other literary magazines, as well as to professional journals, and is well known as a lecturer and public speaker. During 1906-7 he was lecturer on political economy in Case School of Applied Science, and in 1907-8 special lecturer on political science in Oberlin College. As a member of the board of education Mr. Orth has stood for aggressiveness in educational affairs. When he was inaugurated president of the board on the 2d of January, 1905, he recommended the appointment of an educational commission to be composed of representative citizens, to study the schools of the city with a view of bringing them into closer harmony with the needs of the community. The report of this commission marks an epoch in the development of the educational work of the city. On February 15, 1906, Mr. Orth introduced the resolution authorizing the sale of bonds for establishing the Technical high school ; on March 5, 1906, he introduced a resolution establishing the teachers' pension fund ; on June 18, 1906, he presented the resolution that has resulted in greatly simplifying the courses of study in elementary schools. On May 27, 1907, as chairman of the committee on athletics, he reported the plan that placed athletics under the department of instruction; and on October 21, 1907, he presented a comprehensive plan for a playground system for the schools. On November it, 1907, he called the attention of the board to the need of a new normal school and of a high school of commerce. A new normal school is now under construction, and, through his initiative, a high school of commerce was opened in the fall of 1909. On December 9, 1907, Mr. Orth introduced a resolution which resulted in the forming of evening classes for machine- shop practice in the manual training buildings. On February 17, 1908, he introduced a resolution reorganizing the courses of study in the Normal School. These were the larger movements he was instrumental in helping along as a member of the board of education. LOUIS F. DIEZ. Louis F. Diez, one of the respected and representative German citizens of Cleveland during the years of his residence here, was born in Niederpollnitz, Germany, August 12, 1856. He reached the age of but forty years,' his 'death occurring on the 16th of February, 1897. His parents were Karl and Julia Diez, who were also natives of .Niederpollnitz, where the father followed the shoemaker's trade. Louis F. Diez attended the public schools of his native country to the age of fourteen years, thus complying with the compulsory educational law of that land. He afterward entered his father's shoe shop and under his direction learned the trade. After mastering the business and again in accordance with the laws of his native country, Louis F. Diez entered the army and served for three years, being connected with an infantry division stationed at Jena, Germany. After his retirement from the army he opened a shoe shop in his home town and there engaged in business for a number of years. He prospered as the months passed by and continued successfully in business until 1892, when with a substantial capital he crossed the Atlantic to America and took up his abode in Cleveland. Here his remaining days were passed. Soon after reaching this city he entered the employ of Ferdinand Paillon, located on West Twenty-fifth street, there remaining for about a year. On the expiration of that period he entered business for himself but continued for only a few months, when he retired owing to illness. 332 - HISTORY OF CLEVELAND He suffered from ill health for about three years and then passed away on the 16th of February, 1897. Mr. Diez had been married in Wenigen, Jena, Germany, to Miss Anna Hebestreit, a daughter of Christian and Caroline (Manger) Hebestreit, of Buchau, Germany. The father was quite prominent in community affairs, acting as district superintendent of the police force. Unto Mr. and Mrs. Diez were born three daughters : Agnes B., Mrs. Lena Hudson and Mrs. Emma Turk. In his political views Mr. Diez was a stalwart republican, his study of the situation of the country and the vital issues of the day leading him to the belief that the principles of the party were best fitted to subserve the general interests of the nation. He held membership in the United Brethren church and his life was an upright and honorable one, devoted to worthy purposes and high ideals. WILLIAM H. BROWN. William H. Brown, who in the years of an active business career represented the firm of McNeury & Claffin, paving contractors, as their foreman, was born in Auburn, Geauga county, Ohio, June 24, 1830. He was a son of John Brown, born in 1796, and Mary (Haden) Brown. They came from the Empire state to Ohio, settling in Newberry, Geauga county, in 1809. There the father engaged in farming for six years and in 1815 went to Auburn, where he continued to carry on general agricultural pursuits, making his home there for over sixty years. He served his country as a soldier in the War of 1812. His parents were Abner and Desire (King) Brown, both of whom were natives of New York. William H. Brown pursued his education in the public schools of Auburn, where he prepared for college, and then attended Hiram College, taking a Latin course. He was a well educated man and became well known and greatly respected in the business circles of Cleveland. After leaving school he went to Coldwater, Michigan, where he became connected with the dry-goods business, continuing in that field of activity until after the outbreak of the Civil war, when his patriotic spirit was aroused by the continued attempt of the south to overthrow the Union. He then enlisted as a private of the Sixth Michigan Cavalry, in 1862, and served for three years, taking part in a number of hotly contested battles, while his valor and meritorious 'conduct on the field won him promotion to the rank of captain. In one engagement lie was wounded but he continued at the front until the expiration of his three years' term of service, when he was honorably discharged. Following his military experience Captain Brown came to Cleveland and accepted the position of foreman with the firm of McNeury & Claffin, paving contractors, with whom he continued until his demise, which occurred about ten years later. He was a most faithful and efficient representative of the firm and his business integrity and enterprise were well known factors in his honorable life. On the 8th of June, 1865, Mr. Brown was united in marriage to Miss Mary C. Castillo, a daughter of John and Helen (Hale) Castillo, the former a native of New York, while the mother came from England. They resided in Oswego, New York, and John Castillo was a captain on packet boats on the canal, making trips from Oswego to Albany. He was a son of John Castillo, of Mexican de- scent, and a soldier in the early Mexican wars. Mrs. Brown was born in Oswego, New York, December 29, 1842, and came to Cleveland in 1852 with her mother, her father's death having previously occurred. For more than half a century Mrs. Brown has remained a resident of this city, is well known on the west side and is a member of the Old Settler's Association. By her marriage she became the mother of one son, George U. Brown, who is employed by the Baker Printing Company. HISTORY OF CLEVELAND - 333 Mr. Brown was a prominent Mason and was also equally well known and popular in the Odd Fellows society. His political allegiance was given to the republican party and his religious faith was manifest in his membership in the Christian church. Wherever known he was held in high esteem and he is yet remembered by many friends, although a third of a century has passed away since he was called to his final rest. He was devoted to the welfare of his family, was faithful to every trust reposed in him, and by reason of his upright life left an untarnished name. JOHN M. GUNDRY. John M. Gundry, occupying a position of distinctive precedence in financial and business circles, being widely known as the president of the Lake Shore Banking & Trust Company of Cleveland, was born at Mineral Point, Wisconsin, September 7, 1859. The natal day of his father, Joseph Gundry, a native of England, was May 11, 1822, and in 1845, when a young man of twenty-three years, he crossed the Atlantic to America, settling in the zinc and lead mining section of southwestern Wisconsin, where he became largely interested in the smelting and manufacturing of the former metal and also conducted business there as a merchant. He retired from active business some thirty years prior to his death, which occurred in 1899. His wife, Mrs. Sarah Gundry, was a daughter of Richard Perry, of England. In the private and public schools of Mineral Point, John M. Gundry pursued his early education and afterward entered the preparatory school of the Northwestern University in 1875. The following year he became a student in the university proper and left the college at the end of his junior year. Later, however, he pursued a three years' course in law at the Baldwin University, from which he was graduated with the Bachelor of Law degree in 1903 and was admitted to the bar the same year. The year following his abandonment of his studies at the Northwestern University he spent in Chicago and in the spring of 1881 he took up his residence at Silverton, Colorado, in the fall of which year he entered business circles in connection with the San Juan County Bank. He spent one month at that institution, leaving it for the east with the agreement that he should be made a partner the following year. This arrangement was consummated in 1882, at which time he entered upon official relations with the bank as lcashier, continuing in that capacity until the bank was sold to what is now the First National Bank. He afterward became temporarily acting cashier in the Union Savings Bank of Lincoln, Nebraska, and subsequently filled a similar position in the Schuyler National Bank of Schuyler, Nebraska. In 1888 he engaged in a coal prospecting enterprise in the Santa Anna mountains of southern California, but left there in the early part of 1889, spending the following summer on Puget sound. The year 1890 witnessed the arrival of Mr. Gundry in Cleveland and, continuing in active connection with financial interests, he became secretary and treads urer of the Mechanics Savings bank, of which he was one of the organizers. In 1892 he was elected to the presidency, which position he has filled since, continuing so when the bank was succeeded by the Lake Shore Banking & Savings Company and later the Lake Shore Banking & Trust Company. Since that time he has been largely instrumental in placing this bank among the strongest and soundest financial institutions of the city. It is today one of the leading moneyed concerns of Cleveland, established on the sane, conservative policy which insures it a liberal patronage and argues well for its continued success On the 5th of September, 1894, Mr. Gundry was married to Miss Frances Ruth Gilchrist, a daughter of Joseph C. and Alice (Devin) Gilchrist, of Cleveland. Unto them have been born five children : John Murton, Joseph Perry, Willoughby Devin, Alice Devin and Francis Bentinck. John Murton and Joseph 334 - HISTORY OF CLEVELAND Perry are at present studying in Germany, having previously, with their brother Willoughby, spent two years at Sceaux, Paris, attending the Lycee Lakanal. The city residence of the family is at No. 6903 Euclid avenue and they have an at- tractive summer home, called Quahaug Farm, at East Orleans, on Cape Cod, Massachusetts. Mrs. Gundry is active in charity circles and is a member of the Daughters of the American Revolution. She likewise belongs to the Lyceum Club of London and Paris. She is a graduate of the Cleveland Art School and is an author of considerable note. Her talents have thus been cul- tivated in several lines, while in charitable work she manifests a tact that is the outcome of keen and helpful sympathy. Both Mr. and Mrs. Gundry are associated with St. Paul's Episcopal church and his political allegiance is given to the republican party. He belongs to two college fraternities, the Phi Kappa Sigma and the Delta Gamma Chi, while in club circles he is well known as a representative of the Union, University, Hermit and Euclid Clubs and is a veteran of Troop A. He is also a member of the Chamber of Commerce and his cooperation is a tangible factor in the promotion of many movements instituted by that organization for the welfare and upbuilding of the city. Naturally fond of sports, golf is his present favorite pastime, while the musical side of his nature is catered to by his violin. While his outside interests are many and varied, he never allows any interference with the important business concerns which demand his time and attention and which have placed him prominently before the public in financial circles. The subjective and objective forces of life are in him well balanced, and to make his native talents subserve the demands which conditions of society impose at the present time is the purpose of his life. HENRY REYNOLDS HATCH. The subjective and objective forces of life have ever been in Henry R. Hatch well balanced, making him cognizant of his own capabilities and powers, while at the same time he thoroughly understands his opportunities and his obligations. To make his native powers subserve the demands which conditions of society impose at the present time is the purpose of his life and by reason of the ma- ture judgment which continuously characterizes his efforts, he stands today as a splendid representative of the merchant and capitalist to whom business is but one phase of existence and does not exclude his active participation in and sup- port of the other vital interests Which go to make up human life. Mr. Hatch is descended from two of the old families of New England. His father, Abijah Hatch, was born at Highgate, Vermont, and, having arrived at years of maturity, wedded Abigail Lyon, who was born in Charlotte, Vermont, and was a daughter of the Rev. Asa Lyon, who represented his district in congress for two years and was long prominent in the work of the ministry. Their son, Henry R. Hatch, was born at Grand Isle, Vermont, October 8, 1831 and his youthful days were passed on his father's farm until he attained his fifteenth year, when he secured a situation in the mercantile establishment of John Brown at North Hero, Vermont. From early childhood it was his desire to enter commercial circles but he did not find his first position a desirable one and returned to the farm, where he continued for twO years longer but never put aside his ambition to enter mer- cantile life. He made his next essay of that character as an employe in the store of C. F. Staniford at Burlington, Vermont, but promised his father to return to assist him during the busy seasons on the farm as a compensation for time, as he had not yet attained his majority. During the year spent with Mr. Staniford he received his board and forty dollars. The next year was an advance in his business career, as in the employ of S. L. Herrick, a dry-goods merchant of Burlington, Vermont, he was given a salary of one hundred and twenty-five dollars and his board, making his home with his employer. He proved capable and efficient, so HISTORY OF CLEVELAND - 337 much so that he was offered an interest in the business, but he had determined to seek his fortune in the west, realizing that it was the growing section of the country, and he therefore believed that its opportunities were greater. Leaving New England, Mr. Hatch purchased a ticket for St. Paul, Minnesota, and on the 22d of March, 1853, started for that city. He stopped at Cleveland en route to visit a friend for a day or two, during which time his friend's employer, Mr. Sackrider, of the firm of Palmer & Sackrider, said to him : "I believe you are seeking a position, Mr. Hatch. Allow me to introduce to you a young man who is just embarking in business, Mr. E. I. Baldwin." Mutually pleased with each other, after a brief conversation and an interchange of ideas, Mr. Hatch agreed to enter the employ of E. I. Baldwin & Company at a salary of five hundred dollars per year, and Cleveland then became his future home. His history at this point is an illustra tion of the fact that "There is a tide in the affairs of men which, taken at the flood, leads on to fortune." It was the starting point in a career of advancement that has brought him to a most prominent position in commercial and financial circles. His manifest ability won him almost immediate promotion, so that after three months he was head clerk in the new, growing and prosperous enterprise, and ere three years had passed he had become a partner in the firm, which at that time was transacting business to the amount of about two hundred and seventy-five thousand dollars a year. The following year brought the widespread financial panic which so largely paralyzed business in every line throughout the entire country. The new firm, however, resolutely braved the storm, although it required the most careful management and keen discrimination. About 1860 Cleveland secured a new impetus to its business activity, for a number of manufacturing concerns were here located and following the outbreak of the Civil war prices were also materially advanced. As early as 1866, however, the firm of E. I. Baldwin & Company saw that the future would bring great reduction in values and at once began to decrease the stock carried in their wholesale department. Their wisdom in this movement was soon demonstrated, for when prices were lowered to a minimum in almost every line they were ready to buy new stock at that rate. In 1867 Mr. Hatch had to assume practically the entire management of the business, owing to the ill health of Mr. Baldwin, which necessitated a trip abroad. In 1856 Mr. Baldwin's father, S. I. Baldwin, who had been financially interested in the concern, had withdrawn and the partnership was maintained by E. I. Baldwin and Mr. Hatch under the firm style of E. I. Baldwin &Company until the '70s, when W. S. Tyler and G. C. F. Hayne were admitted to the business under the firm style of E. I. Baldwin, Hatch & Company. The junior partners later withdrew, however. As the years passed the business developed along substantial lines until the annual sales amounted to almost a million dollars and other partners were admitted. For some years prior to his death Mr. Baldwin was unable to give much time or attention to the business, owing to ill health, and the control and management thus devolved upon Mr. Hatch and the junior partners. Upon the death of Mr. Baldwin, Mr. Hatch assumed all the responsibility of the firm, purchased the former's interest and as chief executive head of the house displayed marked executive force and splendid administrative ability in managing its affairs. The safe, conservative plan upon which it was founded was always maintained and yet Mr. Hatch and his associates, in reaching out for trade, extended the business and gained the success desired. The methods of the house were never such as to require disguise, but on the contrary were in accord with the strictest principles of commercial integrity and unfaltering industry. As time passed and his financial resources increased, Mr. Hatch put forth effective effort in other lines, the value of his business judgment and carefully formulated plans causing his cooperation to be frequently sought. He was a corporate member and for several years one of the finance committee of the old Society for Savings. He was one of the original stockholders and directors of the Cleveland National Bank ; one of the original promoters of the Savings & Trust Company, which was later merged into the Citizens Savings & Trust Company ; a director of 338 - HISTORY OF CLEVELAND the First National Bank ; and vice president and trustee of the Lake View Cemetery Association. At the time he became connected with the last named it was bankrupt and the cemetery was an eyesore to the public. Mr. Hatch brought it to its present admirable condition, building a fine stone office and generally improving the prop- erty. Always interested in the material progress of the city, he has long cooper- ated actively with the movements for Cleveland's commercial and industrial up- building and for its municipal progress through his membership in the Chamber of Commerce. In October, 1857, was celebrated the marriage of Mr. Hatch and Miss Lyda Baldwin, of New Haven, Connecticut, a sister of the late E. I. Baldwin and a most estimable lady, beloved by all who knew her. Her death occurred in May, 1886. Of the six children born of that union, four died in infancy, while two daughters yet survive, Alice G. and Anna L., the former the wife of Charles L. Pack. In November, 1888, Mr. Hatch wedded Miss Mary Cummings Brown. of Newark, New Jersey, and they have a daughter, Esther, and a son, Henry Reynolds, Jr. Mr. Hatch has spent considerable time in traveling abroad accompanied by his family, visiting the British Isles, the Mediterranean countries, Russia, Norway, Sweden, Egypt, Palestine and Greece. While his activity has brought him prominently before the public in a business light and won for him substantial and well merited success, he is perhaps equally widely known for his philanthropy and his interest in various causes and movements for the benefit of his fellowmen. For a number of years he has been one of the elders of the Euclid Avenue Presbyterian church and is interested in all the different church activities. As vice president of the Humane Society he rendered valuable and lasting benefit to the community. In 1890 he gave tangible proof of his humanitarian spirit in purchasing ground and erecting thereon a home for waifs at a cost of twenty thousand dollars, this being a memorial to his deceased wife and known as the Lyda Baldwin Infants' Rest. He became one of the original members of the Associated Charities of the Bethel and was active in securing the building for that institution. He is also a trustee for the Young Women's Christian Association and no good work done in the name of charity or religion seeks his aid in vain. His life has been characterized by steady advance not only in the attainment of wealth but in that greater work of character building and few men enjoy or deserve in greater measure the confidence, good will and honor of their fellow citizens. E. L. MOTTS. E. L. Motts, president and general manager of the Millers & Manufacturers Agency Company of Cleveland, was born in 1858 on a farm in Stark county, Ohio. He attended the country schools and was graduated from Eastman's National Business College at Poughkeepsie, New York, in April, 1884. He afterward engaged in the milling business in Paris, Stark county, Ohio, until 1891, in which year he removed to Minerva, Ohio, where he was connected with milling interests until he came to Cleveland in 1902. Here he organized the business of which he is the head. This constitutes a valuable force in business circles, especially in its relation to milling and manufacturing interests. Mr. Motts is also the president of the Cleveland Fireproof Construction Company and in business affairs carefully formulates his plans and so manages his interests that success has attended his efforts. Mr. Motts is a member of Lilly Lodge, K. P., of Canton, Ohio, the United Ar- tisans of Portland, Oregon, the United Commercial Travelers and the Cleveland Commercial Travelers, and his fellow members of these organizations find him a genial, courteous gentleman, who recognizes that life holds much of interest, of pleasure and of opportunity. HISTORY OF CLEVELAND - 339 Pleasantly situated in his home relations, Mr. Motts was married May 5, 1887, to Miss Anna L. Houts, of Mount Vernon, Indiana. Mrs. Motts is well known in club circles of this city, being president of the Snow Monday club, a member of the Sorosis Club, a director of the Cleveland Club House Association and treasurer of the Federation of Women's Clubs. In her own home she presides with gracious hospitality and to her family is a devoted mother. Mr. and Mrs. Motts had six children, but Michael M., the eldest, and Mary M., the third in order of birth, are now deceased. Oscar H., the second son, was obliged to go to Arizona on account of his health when sixteen years of age, and while there looked after his father's business interests in that territory. He also engaged in a retail enterprise on his own account during his three years' residence there. While in Arizona he married Miss Altha E. Adams, a native of Phoenix, that state, and they have one son, Howard J. Motts. At the present writing Oscar H. Motts is vice president of the Millers & Manufacturers Agency Company and is also a member of the Cleveland Commercial Travelers. Gladys Nadine is a student in the Central high school. Howard and Mildred E. are pupils in the Sibley street school. ALFRED G. S. CLARK. Alfred G. S. Clark, the extent and importance of whose business interests make him one of the most prominent real estate brokers of Cleveland, is now operating under the firm name of the Ridge View Realty Company. He was born in Cleveland, March 6, 1874, and is a descendant of the Hon. Daniel Clark, of Windsor, Connecticut, who came to this country in 1639. His son, Daniel Clark, was captain of the First Horse Troop raised in the colonies, served during King Philip's war and was active in shaping the policy of the colonies during the -formative period of American history. He acted as secretary of the colonies from 1658 until 1663 and signed the petition, to King Charles II, asking for the Connecticut charter. He was one of the leading men of his time, acted as magistrate and also had the honor of sitting in the "great pew" at the meeting house. He died in 171o, at the age of eighty-seven years. Nathaniel Clark, of the third generation of the family in America, won the title of general in military service. Alexander Clark, of the sixth generation, was captain of the Troop of Horse. Cyrus L. Clark, of the seventh generation, came to Cleveland from Cooperstown, New York, in 1849, to engage in the hardware business with his uncle, James F. Clark, under the firm name of Murfey & Clark, on the south side of Superior street, near the viaduct, and the old building is still standing, in 191o. Later Cyrus L. Clark engaged in the coal trade with his uncle and others, the firm being known as the Ohio & Pennsylvania Coal Company. They met with gratifying success and he remained a member of the company until his retirement from active business life. He was one of the original members of the Cleveland Grays and was orderly sergeant at the time of the Civil war. He was also a thirty- second degree Mason and was widely and prominently known. He died February 1o, 1908. In the maternal line Alfred G. S. Clark is descended from the Sherman family, founded in America in 1632. Senator Sherman and General W. T. Sherman were descendants of the same ancestry. The Sherman family stood high in the colonies and their descendants have occupied some of the most prominent offices in connection with national and state government. Mr. Clark's mother was Mary L. Sherman, a daughter of Isaac Sherman, of Bridgeport, Massachusetts, who was a prominent citizen of this town and the first mayor of Bridgeport. Through family connections Mr. Clark is also descended from Abra Clark and Roger Sherman, both signers of the Declaration of Independence. In the acquirement of his education Alfred G. S. Clark attended successively Brooks Military Academy, the Pennsylvania Military Academy and the New York 340 - HISTORY OF CLEVELAND Military Academy, from which he was graduated in 1891. He prepared for West Point but did not pursue his studies there, owing to ill health at the time when he would have entered that school. His education completed, he became associ- ated with the Ohio & Pennsylvania Coal Company in its retail department and remained with them for some time. He afterward engaged in the manufacture and sale of oils and chemicals in what was known as the Wilson-Clark Company and subsequently became interested in real estate, being today one of the most prominent real estate brokers of the city, engaging exclusively in the development, sale and general handling of suburban and country real estate under the firm name of the Ridge View Realty Company. He is also interested in a number of industrial enterprises and is an active member of the Cleveland Real Estate Board, occupying the position of first vice president of the board in 1910. Politically Mr. Clark is a stalwart republican and has at all times been actively engaged in the interests of his party, but in municipal matters is non-partisan. He supports and cooperates in the various movements which have for their fun- damental principle the improvement and substantial advancement of Cleveland. On the 7th of February, 1899, Mr. Clark was married to Miss Alice Hale Russell, a daughter of George S. and Florence (Hale) Russell, the former a prominent banker of Cleveland. The mother of Mrs. Clark was a daughter of E. B. Hale, who in the early history of Cleveland was a leading banker, his firm of E. B. Hale & Company having a country-wide reputation. On the maternal side Mrs. Clark is a direct descendant of Nathaniel Hale. Mr. and Mrs. Clark's chil- dren are : Dorothy Florence, Marion Louise and Elinor Elizabeth. Mr. Clark is a member of the Union Club and the Chagrin Valley Hunt Club and has always occupied a high social position, the family being one of the oldest and most prominent in the city's history. JOHN B. CROUSE. In John B. Crouse Cleveland has a citizen who has achieved a most enviable prominence in the industrial world. Following a course that is unique in its farsighted purpose and results, he has been active in the notable movement to annihilate competition by cooperation and put into the business world as a practical asset of value that energy which was previously dissipated in an effort to build up one business at the sacrifice of another's success. Mr. Crouse, now widely known in his present commercial and industrial connections, was born November 29, 1842, in Hartland, Michigan, and after attending the common schools was graduated from the high school of Ann Arbor, Michigan. He then turned his attention to general merchandising and also became connected with the milling business in Highland, Michigan. Gradually he extended the scope of his activities, recognizing and improving opportunities and utilizing each legitimate advantage to further his interests. He became associated with H. A. Tremaine in the establishment and conduct of a pickle and vinegar factory—an association which has been maintained ever since in other and more extensive and important enterprises. They came to Cleveland in the '80s and here conducted business under the name of the Cleveland Carbon Company, their enterprise, however, being merged with the Bolton & Crystal Carbon Company, forming the Standard Carbon Company, Mr. Crouse being at the head of the sales department. A controlling interest in the latter company was sold to the National Carbon Company, yet they continued to operate the plant for three years, after which they sold out the remain- der of their holdings to the National Carbon Company. Mr. Crouse continued in active business association with H. A. Tremaine, going to Fostoria, Ohio, where they conducted business under the style of the Crouse & Tremaine Carbon Company. Later they sold a half interest to the National Carbon Company and continued to operate the plant. Mr. Crouse, in company with H. A. Tremaine, B. G. HISTORY OF CLEVELAND - 343 Tremaine, R. Crocker and Ira Cadwalder, organized the Seneca Banking Company at Fostoria, Ohio, also the Fostoria Incandescent Lamp Company, Mr. Crouse becoming president of the latter company. The partners in those enterprises soon afterward purchased the Fostoria Bulb & Bottle Company, changing the name of the plant to the Fostoria Glass Specialty Company. The output of this factory was largely used by them in the incandescent lamp business. Continually studying for new methods to improve their business, to extend trade and to meet competition, J. B. Crouse, H. A. Tremaine, J. R. Crouse, F. S. Terry and B. G. Tremaine, after many discussions of the problems and questions that confronted them in manufacturing lines, conceived the idea of concentrating the lamp business of the country with the result that the National Electric Lamp Association was formed. This is today one of the most noteworthy and commendable business organizations of the country. America is fast coming to realize that the greatest success and prosperity are to be found in cooperation, which must exist not only among manufacturing interests but must extend in unbroken chain from the manufacturer to his distributor and thence to the ultimate consumer, and interest has largely been directed to the broad-gauge policy of cooperation instituted and maintained by the National Electric Lamp Association. Years before its organization there was bitter warfare between lamp manufacturers, and competition was so great that in order to make sales various companies were sacrificing quality, a truth which the public came to realize and then demanded a return to the former and a higher standard. Understanding the conditions, several of the most prominent of the lamp manufacturers decided to unite upon a standard of quality and, as stated, Mr. Crouse, H. A. Tremaine, J. R. Crouse, F. S. Terry and B. G. Tremaine organized the National Electric Lamp Association. The first step in this direction was the establishment of a mutual engineering department, and the laboratories were established and an organization perfected in Cleveland, this city being the natural center of the industry. Other members joined the association and hardly had the engineering department been established when the commercial and executive heads of the various houses represented in the membership found other opportunities toward which cooperative effort might be directed. Many thought the movement a visionary, impractical scheme, but as the broad-minded, enterprising business men came together they found that mutual understanding and cooperation would be beneficial rather than detrimental, and soon widened the scope of their cooperative effort until it embraced sections in chemical and physical research, testing, factory inspection and organization, illuminating engineering, technical publicity, business development and managerial and sales conferences. An interchange of knowledge, experience and understanding of methods did not serve to work harm to any but good to the whole, for processes of manufacture were improved and sales accordingly increased. For the betterment of the trade in general the association established in Cleveland a physical laboratory, operating at a cost of twenty-five thousand dollars a year, exclusive of equipment. Here scientists of recognized standing are undertaking investigations so advanced that they may be termed excursions into the unknown in the field of light and illumination. The association has also established a school of electrical illuminating engineering, from which one hundred or more technical graduates are entered for training. This plan is continuous. Each year a new student body enters, the graduates being absorbed by the various companies forming the organization. The standard of admission is high and the curriculum comprehensive along both theoretical and practical lines, the leading technical schools of the country being drawn upon for students. Today the National Electric Lamp Association has a membership of twenty-three companies, manufacturing about forty per cent of the total number of incandescent lamps used. Every question involved in the manufacture of four hundred and thirty-five sizes, styles and types of incandescent lamps is discussed by the association. Advanced research work is carried on by the association and test work, whereby each member company knows the quality of its product from month to month, while tests are made as often as any company may request. It was found that variation in quality was often due to the 344 - HISTORY OF CLEVELAND quality of the chemicals and raw material used in manufacture, and one direct result of the association's move has been an improvement in such raw materials, the dealers coming to understand that member companies of the association will accept only such as will stand a test made by their engineering department. A cooperative feature of the work of this department is that of supplying superintendents or skilled assistants to any member company that may need such. Extended research and development work are carried on as the work of a special department and there is also a commercial engineering department, which prepares and publishes bulletins, pamphlets and articles on subjects broadly devoted to illuminating engineering. The bulletins of the association are perhaps the most prized commercial publications printed, being regularly accepted by central stations, illuminating engineers and even by leading schools and colleges as authority. They are kept absolutely free of commercial bias and the data contained has stood the most critical inspection of scientific men. The cooperative spirit is fostered and furthered and, in fact, largely has its root in the semi-annual meetings which are held an on island of sixty-five acres in Lake Ontario, near Sackett's harbor. There is maintained a well equipped camp, the tents all being supplied with electric light and running water, and there are tennis courts, a handball court, a common, a bathing beach, bowling alleys and boathouses. There the men meet in a social intercourse which brings them into close acquaintance, resulting in lifelong friendships. There are days which are given over only to outdoor sports, but there is another side to this camp intimacy : each man learns how the other thinks and feels, each learns to appreciate the other's good points and is quick to forgive faults. This personal relation is undoubtedly one of the strongest elements in the success of the association, doing away with the feeling of warfare and contest that existed between hitherto rival manufacturers. The members have come to know that they may give and take, that the ideas and plans of one company may be of benefit and assistance to another and that the up- building of the trade through the promotion of quality and utility will react in favor of all. To his duties in connection with this association Mr. Crouse is devoting much attention and at the same time is superintending his private interests. In ad- dition to his previously mentioned connections he is also vice president of the Cleve- land Gas & Electric Fixture Company. Ever a busy man, Mr. Crouse finds time to devote to a side interest—an ideal dairy farm. He has converted the old Crouse homestead farm at Hartland, Michigan, into one of the most modern and up-to-date dairy farms in the country, on which he has built a barn after his own ideas of modern substantial construction, embodying all the latest sanitary features. The floors, mangers and feed troughs are of cement, while the stanchions and partitions are of iron. The utmost regard is paid to cleanliness and sanitary conditions. The milking is done by machinery, one man milking sixty cows. Although Mr. Crouse has invested many thousands of dollars in this, he takes great pride in conducting it upon a paying basis. The herd consists entirely of Jersey cows, and the butter is marketed under the name of Crouse's Jersey Creamery Butter and is regarded as the standard of excellence in the markets where it is sold. The plant has a capacity of four thousand pounds of butter each week and consumes the cream purchased from neighboring farmers as well. It is characteristic of Mr. Crouse to succeed in everything that he undertakes and he has clone this in the conduct of the dairy farm as well as in the commercial and industrial interests of magnitude to which he gives his attention. At Hastland, Michigan, in 1864, Mr. Crouse was united in marriage to Miss Betsey Westfall and they had one son, J. Robert, who was graduated from the, Central high school of Cleveland in 1893 and from the University of Michigan in 1897, since which time he has been his father's intimate associate and partner in business enterprises. The mother died in 1893 and in 1900 Mr. Crouse wedded Mrs. Edith May Avery, of Stockbridge, Michigan, who by her former marriage had two daughters : Gladys, a graduate of the East high school of Cleveland and now a stu- dent in Vassar College ; and Grace, who is attending the East high school and will complete the course this year. HISTORY OF CLEVELAND - 345 Mr. Crouse is a thirty-second degree Mason, belongs to Al Koran Temple of the Mystic Shrine and has many pleasant social relations of other characters, but is preeminently a man of affairs and one who is wielding a wide influence in support of a broad-gauge business policy that is awakening the country at large to an appreciation of the fact that the best interests of the individual are promoted through cooperation of the whole. CHARLES KINGSLEY ARTER. Charles Kingsley Arter, attorney at law, practicing as a partner in the firm of Smith, Taft & Arter, was born in Cleveland, April 24, 1875. His father, Frank A, Arter, a native of Hanoverton, Ohio, came to this city about 1865 and engaged in the oil business until his retirement twenty years ago. He is still living here at the age of sixty-seven years and his wife, Mrs. Eliza (Kingsley) Arter, also survives. After attending the public schools of Cleveland, Charles Kingsley, Arter continued his education in Amherst College, completing his classical course as an A. B. graduate in 1898, while in 1901 he was graduated from the Harvard Law School. At Amherst he was one of the commencement orators and was the winner of the commencement debate. the highest honor to be gained in the college. Also keenly interested in athletics, he took active part in the football games for four years and was captain of the team in his senior year. Admitted to the bar in Massachusetts in 1901, he came immediately afterward to Cleveland, was admitted to practice in the Ohio courts and entered upon the active work of his profession, becoming a member of the firm of Smith, Taft & Arter, Which has had continuous existence to the present time. He has confined his attention largely to corporation and banking law and in both departments his comprehensive knowledge and constantly broadening experience are gaining him an increasing and important patronage. On the 23d of September, 1902, Mr. Arter was married to Miss Grace Denison, a daughter of Edwin Denison, of Cleveland, and they have two children: Elizabeth, four years of age; and Calvin Kingsley, one year of age. Mr. Arter is a member of the First Methodist Episcopal church. He gives his political allegiance to the republican party, is interested in the affairs of public moment and gives loyal support to progressive movements instituted by the Chamber of Commerce, of which he is a member. He also belongs to the Delta Kappa Epsilon, a college fraternity, and to the Union and Hermit Clubs. He is popular in the social circles of this city, where his entire life has been passed and where he has an extensive circle of warm friends. GUSTAVUS ABEEL HALL. Gustavus Abeel Hall, who since April, 1909, has held the responsible position of general manager of the John A. Roebling's Sons Company of Cleveland, was born in Trenton, New Jersey, on the 15th of December, 1874, a son of John A. and Annie (Abeel) Hall. The father, whose birth occurred in Trenton, New Jersey, on the 5th of March, 1847, was graduated from Princeton College with the class of 1866. Later he served as private secretary to Governors McClellan, Ludlow and Bedle of New Jersey, and subsequently became the junior partner in the firm of Reese & Hall, conducting a brokerage business on Wall street, New York. In 1881 he organized the Union Paper Manufacturing Company and served as president thereof until the time of his demise, which occurred on the 12th of May, 1904. 346 - HISTORY OF CLEVELAND Gustavus A. Hall received his preliminary education in the public schools, which he attended until sixteen years of age, and then entered Princeton College, completing the course in that institution in 1895. He next entered the service of the John A. Roebling's Sons Company in a humble capacity but was gradually pro- moted to positions of greater and greater responsibility as he demonstrated his worth and capability, thus becoming thoroughly familiar with the business in principle and detail. For some time previous to 1903 he had been acting as sales agent and in that year he was transferred to the Cleveland branch as assistant manager, serving as such until April, 1909, when he was made manager of the concern. They are manufacturers of iron and steel wire rope, insulated electric wires and cables, copper wire, iron and steel wire, telegraph wire and wire ship-rigging. The company has recently completed a new four story brick building at numbers 701 to 707 St. Clair avenue and the plant is modern and up to date in every particular, being equipped with all the la:test appliances necessary for the successful conduct of the business. On the 30th of October, 1901, in New Brunswick, New Jersey, Mr. Hall was united in marriage to Miss Alice Carpender, by whom he has two children: John Alexander, born in 1002, who attends a private school; and Charles Carpender, born in 1906. The family residence is at No. 1905 East Seventy-first street. Mr. Hall is a Presbyterian in religious faith and socially is identified with the Hermit and Union Clubs of Cleveland, the Princeton Club of northern Ohio, the Princeton Club of New York and the Nassau Club of Princeton, New Jersey. Early recognizing the fact that no obscure secret constitutes the key to success but that prosperity has its foundation in persistent, honorable and intelligently directed labor, he has worked his way upward until he is now well known as a prominent representative of business interests in Cleveland. ABRAHAM C. WERTHEIM. Every branch of industrial activity has its exponent in Cleveland, and some of the firms of this city have attained to a well earned celebrity through the excel- lence of their product and the honorable methods they pursue. Abraham C. Wertheim, secretary of the Shields-Wertheim Cigar Manufacturing Company, is one of the substantial men in his line of business, and his standing has been gained through individual effort. He was born in Cleveland, March 20, 1860, being a son of Julius and Rose Wertheim and grandson of Solomon Wertheim. The latter was born in Hesse-Darmstadt, Germany, but came to Cleveland in 1836, living here for many years in retirement and dying in 1884. Julius Wertheim was also born in Hesse-Darmstadt, the date of his birth being March, 1836. He was educated in Cleveland and after reaching manhood engaged in the manufacturing of cigars, but is now retired from business life. After a school life that lasted until he was fifteen, Abraham C. Wertheim began working for his father, learning the trade under him and continuing AT, ith him until he was twenty-five. He then started the first pool room and cigar store on Woodland avenue and made that his place of business for ten years. Receiv- ing then a flattering offer for his property, Mr. Wertheim sold it and established his factory on Water street, conducting it for eight years. At this time he formed a partnership with J. B. Shields and in 1905 the present firm of Shields-Wertheim Cigar Manufacturing Company was incorporated with Mr. Wertheim as secretary and treasurer. They have been very successful in their business and have several specialties which have become very popular. On September 24, 1888, Mr. Wertheim was married in Cleveland to Rose Mittelberger, by whom he has two children: Jerome, aged eighteen years, attending high school ; and Sanford, eleven years old, attending the public schools. HISTORY OF CLEVELAND - 349 The family have a beautiful home at No. 1539 East Boulevard. Mr. Wertheim is independent in politics. In religious faith he is a Jew, belonging to the Euclid Avenue Temple. He is a shrewd, keen-sighted business man and one who knows his business in all its details and is therefore able to conduct it so profitably. MATTOON MONROE CURTIS, M. A., PH. D. Mattoon Monroe Curtis, devoting his entire life to efforts for intellectual progress, since 1891 has occupied the chair of philosophy in the Western Reserve University and is identified with many organizations for scientific research. He is a descendant of Richard Curtis, who settled at Salem, Massachusetts, in 1636, and a son of William Fletcher and Harriet Elizabeth (Royce) Curtis. He was born in Rome, New York, October 19, 1858, and his preparatory course of study was completed in Whitestown Seminary in 1876. He won his Bachelor of Arts degree by his graduation from Hamilton College in 1880 and he also devoted two years to the study of law in the Hamilton Law School. But with the intention of entering the ministry as his life work, he matriculated in the Union Theological Seminary, where he won his B. D. degree in 1883, while in 1890 the Doctor of Philosophy degree was conferred upon him by the University of Leipsic, Germany. Following his graduation Professor Curtis accepted the pastorate of the Reformed Dutch church at Hastings-on-the-Hudson, where he remained from 1883 until 1885, after which he devoted three years to the pastorate of the Beckwith Memorial Presbyterian church at Cleveland. On resigning there he went abroad for study and travel in Europe, spending three years in the centers of learning. While still abroad he was offered the chair of philosophy in Western Reserve University and returned to enter upon this work, to which he has chiefly devoted his energies for eighteen years. Along many lines of research and investigation, however, Professor Curtis has done excellent work and has largely been the director of study and opinion in various societies. He is now a member of the American Philosophical Society, of the American Anthropological Society, of the American Academy of Political and Social Science, of the American Psychological Association and a member of the legislative committee of the Cleveland Chamber of Commerce. He belongs to the Union, University and Euclid Clubs and is a director of the Euclid Club and of the Cleveland Associated Charities. He is also a director of the Western Reserve chapter of the Sons of the American Revolution, of which organization he was president in 1900. He is likewise a trustee of the Central Young Men's Christian Association. His authorship includes "Locke's Ethical Philosophy," published in 1889 ; "Philosophy and Psychical Science," in 1891; and "Philosophy in America," in 1896. His articles have appeared in the "Andover Review," "Mind" and "Philosophical Review," and he has also contributed to German works on the history of philosophy. In addition to his professorship and the reasearch work which he is doing he is also supervisor of the census for the city of Cleveland and Cuyahoga county. On the 23d of October, 1884, Professor Curtis was married in Hastings-on-the-Hudson to Miss Emily Chrystie, a daughter of William Few Chrystie, of New York, whose mother was the daughter of William Few, the first senator from Georgia and a signer of the Constitution, who married the daughter of Commodore James Nicholson, who held the same position in the navy as did Washington in the army of the Revolution. Professor and Mrs. Curtis are the parents of two sons. Nicholas Few, born August 29, 1885, prepared at the University School and graduated from Adelbert College in 1909. He is now a student in the medical department of the Western Reserve University and is a member of the Delta Upsilon and Nu Zeta Nu societies. Monroe Curtis, the younger son, born March 3, 1887, is a graduate of the University School and is in the class of 1911 at Adel-