(RETURN TO THE TITLE PAGE) HISTORY OF CLEVELAND - 601 tlemen's Driving Clubs and the Mayfield Country Club, all of Cleveland, and of the University Club and Yale Club of New York city. Mr. Ireland was married May 2, 1894, to Kate Benedict (Hanna) Ireland, daughter of H. M. Hanna of Cleveland, and is the father of two children, Robert Livingston Ireland, Jr., born February 2, 1895, and Elizabeth Ireland, born October 30, 1898. CHARLES H. MILLER. Charles H. Miller contributed in substantial measure to Cleveland's business activity in his organization of the Champion Steel Range Company, which he started in 1893 and which was incorporated in 1904 with Mr. Miller as the first president. He has since bent his energies to the development of a business which is now one of Cleveland's most extensive stove manufacturing concerns. He entered the field in competition with old established houses but brought into play modern methods and unremitting energy in the attainment of a result which is as creditable as it is desirable. Mr. Miller was born in Cleveland, January 23, 1860, and is a son of John and Catherine (Abel) Miller. The father came from Germany to America, settling on a farm near Amherst, Ohio. He afterward removed to Cleveland and thence to Independence, Ohio, where he died when his son Charles was but six years of age. The mother still survives. In the public schools of Independence, Ohio, Charles H. Miller was educated and on putting aside his text-books became an employe of a stone quarry company. After a brief period, however, he left that business to engage in farming and the next step in his orderly progression was taken when in 1889 he engaged as traveling salesman for the Cleveland Chaplet Company, m which connection he remained for four years. In 1893, seeing opportunity to extend the scope of his business interests in other lines, he started and later, in 1904, incorporated the Champion Steel Range Company, of which he became first president. From a small undertaking the business has grown to one of large proportions and in this city, where the iron and steel trade constitutes one of the most important factors, his labors have resulted in the development of a business that is now of an extensive character. The leading product is the Champion interchangeable gas, coal and wood ranges, constituting a remarkable departure in range construction which promises to revolutionize the business of range manufacture. This range he invented and now holds several United States and Canada patent rights. The company received the highest award, a gold medal, at the Alaska-Yukon-Pacific Exposition at Seattle and the additional honor of having one of the ranges installed in the governor's mansion. Although one of hundreds, it was selected as a model by the imperial commissioner of Japan as the most perfect example of steel range construction. All this is significant of the high standard to which the company has attained in its manufacture. The business had its inception in a small room, sixteen by twenty-four feet, on Lorain avenue, but was shortly removed to more ample quarters in the Viaduct Power building on the Superior viaduct, and in 1906 the present large modern plant was built at 4000 West Twenty-fifth street, this being one of the most extensive of the kind in the city and a model plant in every way, including its equipment, its output and the just and equitable policy that is maintained toward employes. The enterprise stands today as the visible evidence of Mr. Miller's inventive genius, with the remarkable faculty of enlisting the enthusiastic cooperation of every man in his employ. He regards no detail as too unimportant to claim his attention and at the same time gives to the more salient features of the business their due relative position. Becoming recognized as a 602 - HISTORY OF CLEVELAND successful business man, his cooperation has been sought in the conduct of other interests and he is now well known in financial circles as the vice president and director of the Home Savings Bank and vice president and director of the Forest City Street Railway Company. Mr. Miller's aid has also been secured for the conduct of public interests and he is now serving as a member of the Cleveland sinking fund board and was a member of the South Brooklyn council. He is a republican in politics but aside from political connection has done effective and earnest work for the city in which most of his life has been passed. He was the organizer and the first president of the South Brooklyn Improvement Association, was a charter member of the Cleveland Chamber of Industry and served as its vice president for one term, and also belongs to the Cleveland Chamber of Commerce. He is well known as a prominent Odd Fellow and has been honored with all the various offices in the local lodge. He also organized and is a charter member of Glendalia Rebekah Lodge, I. O. O. F. He is likewise a member of Brooklyn Masonic Lodge, No. 454, A. F. & A. M., and of Hillman Chapter, No. 166, R. A. M.. while his religious faith is indicated in his membership in the German Protestant church. On the 26th of September, 1880, Mr. Miller was married to Miss Margaret Lingler, a daughter of John and Barbara Lingler, of Parma township, her father being one of the prominent agriculturists of that locality. Mrs. Miller is prominent in the Eastern Star of the Masonic order and Glendalia Rebekah Lodge, I. O. O. F., and is interested in various charities of ..the German Protestant church, in which she, too, holds membership. Moreover, she has been a devoted wife and mother, carefully managing the interests of her family, which numbers two daughters and two sons : Barbara, Carl, Clara and Harold. The first named is now the wife of Frank S. Alber, the second vice president of the Champion Steel Range Company. Carl, who wedded Clara Kohler, is the vice president and manager of the Champion Steel Range Company. The family residence is at No. 3317 Broadview Road. Mr. Miller is a self-made man of considerable prominence in his section of the city, and his life record is one which merits praise and commendation, for without any special advantages at the outset of his career he has worked his way upward, his determination and energy carrying him into business relations of much more than ordinary importance. MORRIS SHERMAN TOWSON. Morris Sherman Towson, vice president and general manager for the Elwell, Parker Electric Company of America, with headquarters at Cleveland, is one of the representatives of sound business interests here. He was born in this city, June 4, 1865, a son of Ephraim H. and Anna A. (Morris) Towson. The father was a native of Lancaster, Pennsylvania, where he was born in 1837, and came to Cleveland in 1860, where he embarked in a slate roofing business, as T. J. Towson & Company, his brother being the senior member. This contmued until 1894, when E. H. Towson bought out his partner, and the name was changed to E. H. Towson & Company and thus continued until his retirement in 1904. Morris Sherman Towson was given a public-school education until he was seventeen years old, when he entered the Case School of Applied Science, from which he was graduated in 1886. He then went to Kansas City, Missouri, and engaged in civil engineering for four years. In 1890 he rem0ved to Denver, Colorado, still following his profession, and in 1894 he went to Washington, D. C. For the following four years he was engaged in civil engineering in that city. Boston and New York city, eventually coming to Cleveland to enter the service of The Brown Hoisting Machinery Company as a mechanical engineer. He re- HISTORY OF CLEVELAND - 603 mained with that company until 1906, when he became superintendent for the Elwell-Parker Electric Company of America, which position he held until 1906, when he was made vice president and general manager and he has met with a remarkable degree of success. Mr. Towson was married in Cleveland, in September, 1896, to Miss Maud Kerruish. They have three children : Sheldon, seven years old, attending a private school ; Mona, five years old, and Ruth, two years old. Their city residence is at No. 1762 East Eighty-seventh street, while their country home is at Gates Mills. During his professional career, Mr. Towson has joined a number of clubs, now belonging to the Engineers' and the Cleveland Athletic Clubs, and also to the American Society of Civil Engineers, the American Institute of Electrical Engineers and the Cleveland Civil Engineers' Society. In politics he is a republican, and his religious views are Protestant in character. He is a broad-gauged man, thoroughly posted in every detail of his work, who understands the demands of the big trade of his house. T. C. RADDATZ. T. C. Raddatz, secretary and treasurer of the Brookside Sausage Company, both by birth and fealty a Cleveland man, was born in this city, December 13, 1877, his parents being Herman and Mary Raddatz. His early education was received in the parochial schools, and later he became enrolled among the students of St. Ignatius College, where he remained until 1895. His first experience as a wage earner was obtained with the M. Diederich Dry Goods Company, where until 1900 he held the position of cashier and bookkeeper. He was next engaged as bookkepeer by the Pearl Street Savings & Trust Company, where he continued for the following seven years. The Brookside Sausage Company, with which he is now engaged, is a thriving business which turns out at least twenty tons of sausage per week, employing twenty-eight men and four wagons. Mr. Raddatz was married September 18, 1902, to Miss Clara Edam, a young woman of Cleveland. They have an interesting family, consisting of Mary, Georgette and Hermine. Their home is at 2303 Althen avenue. Mr. Raddatz is independent in politics, and a member of the Catholic church. WARNER D. HUNT. Various important business enterprises and corporations feel the stimulus and profit by the activity of Warner D. Hunt, who came to this city in 1897 and has since been closely associated with its commercial and industrial progress. He was born December 3, 1866, in. Rockport, Plymouth, New York, and after pursuing his studies in a preparatory school and the Brockport Normal School, entered Amherst College, from which he was graduated with the class of 1893 For three years he engaged in teaching mathematics in H. M. King's preparatory school at Stamford, Connecticut. Mr. Hunt came to Cleveland in 1897 with the Cleveland Mechanical Rubber Company and for a year and a half acted as manager of their specialty department. He then became connected with the Ohio Rubber Company, of which he was vice president from 1899 until 1903, since which time he has been treasurer of the company. He is the vice president and treasurer of the Wuest-Bauman-Hunt Company, manufacturers of confectionery. This business was established by John Wuest in 1860 and was conducted under his name until 1895, when the firm of Wuest & MacKenzie was organized and had charge of the business until 604 - HISTORY OF CLEVELAND 1903, when a reorganization was effected and the present style of the Wuest-Bauman-Hunt Company was assumed. In 1906 they erected a modern factory, five stories in height, with forty thousand square feet of floor space and fully equipped for their business. This is one of the finest factories of the kind in the state and employment is now furnished to two hundred in the confectionery manufacturing department and to twenty-two salesmen. Mr. Hunt is also president and secretary of the Western Reserve Condensed Milk Company of Cleveland, which has four plants situated in different parts of the state. He is also the president of the Automatic 'Stamping Machine Company of Cleveland and of the Cleveland Chocolate & Cocoa Company. The latter is the only factory of the kind between New York and Chicago that manufactures from the raw bean —a factory with thirty thousand feet of floor space. This is a growing industry and passing years chronicle a substantial increase in the business. In 1901 Mr. Hunt was married to Miss Florence Wuest, a daughter of John Wuest, and they have two children, John W. Hunt and Warren D. Hunt. aged respectively six and three years. Mr. Hunt is a member of the University Club and also of the Chamber of Commerce. He is preeminently a man of affairs and one who is wielding a wide influence. In all of his business interests he has been quick to discriminate between the essential and unessential and has been effective in his efforts to coordinate forces so as to secure best possible results through the harmonious working of the entire corps of assistants. His plans are carefully formed ; he is prompt in their execution and is seldom if ever at fault in the matter of business judgment. HARRY A. BLISS. Harry A. Bliss of the Bliss Supply Company, dealers in steam specialties, is one of the heavy jobbers of Cleveland and has brought his business to its present enviable state through unremitting effort, close application and strict conformity to commercial ethics. He was born in Columbia, Tennessee, August 3, 1870, a son of William S. and Anna M. (Johnston) Bliss. He comes of an old and honored American family, tracing his ancestry back to Reuben and Elizabeth (Hitchcock) Bliss, of Springfield, Massachusetts, whose son, Stoughton Bliss, was born in that place September 5, 1758. He occupied to the time of his death an estate previously owned by his grandfather, Pelatiah Bliss. On the 7th of December, 1780, Stoughton Bliss was married to Zerviah White, a daughter of Preserved and Rachel (Kilbourn) White, also of Springfield, Massachusetts. She was born March 19, 1758, and died April 26, 1832, while the death of Stoughton Bliss occurred at East Windsor, Connecticut, May 7, 1836. One of their ions, William Bliss, the grandfather of Harry A. Bliss, was born in East Windsor, January 3, 1790, and married Miss Cynthia Wolcott, a daughter of a lineal descendant of Governor Wolcott, the first governor of Connecticut. The death of William Bliss occurred in Cleveland, September 8, 1828, while his widow, long surviving him, passed away in this city m 1848. They had become residents of Cleveland during a very early epoch in its history and the family has since been represented here. Their son, William S. Bliss, father of Harry A. Bliss, was born in Cleveland, May 5, 1827, and attended the public schools of those early days. On entering business circles he decided to give his attention to newspaper publication and served his apprenticeship on the early newspapers of Cleveland, while later he became editor of a paper. At the outbreak of the Civil war, however, he enlisted in Battery E, First Illinois Light Artillery, and served until 1865, when he was mustered out at Nashville, Tennessee. He had served on the staff of General Thomas, rendering efficient aid to that commander in the prosecution of the war which preserved the Union intact. When hostilities had ended he continued HISTORY OF CLEVELAND - 607 in Nashville, Tennessee, where for a time he published a newspaper called the Dixie Farmer and also was connected for a period with the Nashville Banner. Eventually, however, he returned to Cleveland, where he died July 11, 1881. Harry A. Bliss attended the schools of Cleveland until fourteen years of age, when he secured a position as clerk in the hardware store of George Worthington. His close application, unquestioned fidelity and ready adaptability enabled him within six years to rise to the position of credit man of the house. Feeling that his experience as well as his capital now qualified him to engage in business on his own account, he secured quarters at No. 465 The Arcade, and established a manufacturers' agency of hardware specialties, which he conducted for ten years. He then determined to concentrate his efforts upon the building up of a business in steam specialties and removed to No. 815 Long avenue, Northwest where he has won a substantial patronage as a jobber in steam specialties, valves and fittings. He handles goods which are the embodiment of the latest developments in his special line and his trade covers a wide territory. Mr. Bliss resides at the Wyandot Hotel. He is very fond of all outdoor sports and is an enthusiastic yachtsman, belonging to the Lakewood Yacht Club. He is also a member of the Hermit Club and is popular with a large circle of friends. He holds membership in the Episcopal church and in politics is independent, supporting men and measures rather than party. Through the innate force of his character and the wise use he has made of his opportunities he has worked his way steadily upward from the position of clerk to that of extensive jobber, and life's experiences have not only developed his business ability but have brought him into close and helpful touch with many interests bearing upon social and municipal progress. SYLVESTER T. EVERETT. The name of Sylvester T. Everett is an honored one in Cleveland, where as an organizer, promoter and financier he has been connected with some of the most important business interests of the city. In other sections of the country he has also made business investments and the extent and character of his interests well entitle him to the leadership which is accorded him as one of the representative men of Cleveland. He was born in Liberty township, Trumbull county, Ohio, November 27, 1838. His father, Henry Everett, was a native of Lynntown, Lehigh county, Pennsylvania, the grandparents being among the very early settlers of that section of the Keystone state. Henry Everett was among the pioneers of Trumbull county, having come to Ohio from Pennsylvania in 1797. He first engaged in farming and later in the manufacture of linseed oil and other commodities, constructing and operating the first steam mill west of the Alleghany mountains. The variety of his interests and activities made him one of the leading citizens of his locality. He married Sarah von Pheil, a native of Bucks county, Pennsylvania, and a daughter of Henry von Pheil, who came to America from Prussia about 1798. Sylvester T. Everett acquired his early education in the district school and in his youth assisted in the work of the farm, performing every task that falls to the lot of a farmer's son. In 1850 he came to Cleveland to reside with his brother, Dr. Henry Everett. Here he attended the public schools for a year and at the age of thirteen became general utility boy in the dry-goods house of S. Raymond & Company, there remaining for a year. He afterward entered the banking house of Brockway, Wason, Everett & Company, of which firm his elder brother was a member. He made his initial step in the financial world as a messenger boy and collection clerk, but was advanced rapidly until at the termination of three years he was occupying a position of considerable responsibility. In 1858 he went to Philadelphia to assist his uncle, Charles Everett, in closing up 608 - HISTORY OF CLEVELAND his business, which ill health had compelled him to discontinue. He next served as superintendent of the McClintocville Petroleum Company, owning one of the leading oil producing farms in the Oil Creek district of Pennsylvania, remaining there until 1868, when he was called back to Cleveland to assume the management of the banking house, which, after the retirement of Mr. Brockway and. Mr. Wason, was operating under the style of Everett, Weddell & Company. In May, 1876, he was tendered and accepted the dual offices of vice president and general manager of the Second National Bank, capitalized for a million dollars. In the following January he was elected to the presidency, in which position he continued until 1882, when the Second National Bank went into liquidation. He next founded the National Bank of Commerce with a capital of a million and a half dollars and was chosen its first president. A few years later he resigned that office to engage in the organization of the Union National Bank, of which he assumed the active management and succeeded in making it one of the city's leading financial institutions. In 1891, after having devoted nearly twenty years to banking interests conducted according to the national banking system, he retired from active business affairs to devote his energies to the management of his extensive private interests, continuing, however, as a director of the Union National Bank until 1900. Among the institutions in which Mr. Everett was largely interested and of which he was chosen a director were the Cleveland Rolling Mill Company, the Little Consolidated Street Railway Company and the Cleveland Railway Company. He was the chief promoter and served as vice president and treasurer of the Valley Railway, which in due course of time he sold to the Baltimore & Ohio Railroad Company, this line being subsequently known as the Cleveland Terminal & Valley Railway Company, of which he has served continuously as a director. He promoted, financed and built at Akron, Ohio, the first successful electric street railway in the United States and also promoted and financed the Erie Pennsylvania Electric Motor Company, comprising the street railway system of that city. For many years he has been closely identified with the Citizens Savings & Trust Company, serving on its board of directors. He is largely identified with mining interests in North Carolina, Wisconsin and Michigan and has extensive mining and ranch properties in Colorado, while as a shareholder, director or executive officer he is associated with various important corporations in those states. Mr. Everett is also well known as a republican leader of Ohio, having been a lifelong advocate of the party and one who has wielded a powerful influence in its councils. In April, 1869, he was the republican nominee for city treasurer and was one of the only two successful republican candidates at that election. For seven consecutive terms, covering a period of fourteen years, he was continued in that 0ffice and at several elections received almost the entire vote of both parties. Four times he was the unanimous nominee of both parties and during six terms he was practically the only republican executive officer connected with the city administration. He then retired, declining further election to the office. No higher testimonial of the confidence reposed in him nor of his fidelity to the interests entrusted to his charge could be given. During his incumbency in the office he instituted many reforms in the system of accounting, enhancing the city's credit by placing it on a sound basis, causing the municipal bonds to be largely sought by the investing public, his work in this connection being the subject of special resolutions and official recognition. In 1872 he served as alternate at large to the convention which nominated General U. S. Grant for a second term. In 1880, after a bitter contest, he was chosen a delegate to the convention which nominated his intimate friend, General James A. Garfield, for the presidency, and took most active part in the ensuing campaign. In 1888 Mr. Everett was made a presidential elector and with the Ohio delegation cast a solid vote for General Benjamin Harrison for president. Again in 1896 he was a delegate to the convention at St. Louis when William McKinley was the successful nominee. HISTORY OF CLEVELAND - 609 He has long wielded a wide influence in city, state and national political circles, seldom failing to win success for any candidate whose cause he has espoused. The social interests of Mr. Everett's life are also many. He was one of the founders and became a charter member of the Union Club and was its first treasurer. He is also a member of the Country and Roadside Clubs and the Manhattan, Lawyers' and New York Clubs of New York city, the Automobile Club of America of New York city and the Blooming Grove Hunting and Fishing Club of Pike county, Pennsylvania, which owns a reservation of about forty thousand acres. Mr. Everett was married in January, 1860, to Miss Mary A. Everett, a daughter of Charles and Catherine (Evans) Everett, of Philadelphia. They became parents of four children : Holmes Marshall, Catherine Evans, Margaret Worrell and Ellen. His second marriage, which was celebrated October 22, 1879, was with Alice Louisa Wade, a daughter of Randall P. and Ann R. (McGaw) Wade and a granddaughter of Jeptha H. Wade, founder of Wade Park and one of the most prominent of Cleveland's early business men and the pioneer in the construction and operation of telegraph systems of the middle west. Mrs. Everett takes a deep interest in all children's charities and is especially devoted to the work of the Cleveland Orphan Asylum, of which she is a trustee and generous supporter. Her own family numbers two sons and three daughters : Randall Wade, a Yale graduate of the class of 1903 who married Miss Georgia Ellis of Colorado ; Alice, who is a graduate of Ogontz College of Philadelphia, Miss Spence School of New York city and Madame de Morrinni's Finishing School in Paris, France, and is now the wife of Justin G. Scholes, of Cleveland ; Sylvester Homer, who was graduated from Yale in the class of 1906 and married Flora Pierce Morris, a daughter of Calvary Morris, of Cleveland ; and Anna Ruth and Esther, at home. The family residence at No. 4111 Euclid avenue is one of the finest on that avenue of palatial homes. Their country places are at Engadine, Transylvania county, North Carolina, and Parkdale, Saguache county, Colorado. Mr. Everett finds recreation in riding, driving, motoring and travel, having toured extensively by coach and automobile both in America and Europe. Throughout an active business career of nearly fifty years he has seemed to possess an almost unlimited capacity for work and has found the days often too short to complete the duties that his multiplicity of interests have forced upon him. While he has passed the Psalmist's span of three score years and ten, he still enjoys the robust health and mental vigor of middle age. He has a fondness for. works of art and his home contains splendid collections gathered in his travels in all parts of the world. He is conspicuously prominent in the business, civic, political and social life of Cleveland, where he has lived for sixty years—years which have accomplished the transformation of a farmer's boy into a successful man of large affairs. He is known as a genial, generous and kindly man, deservedly ranking among Cleveland's most popular and highly respected citizens. WILLIAM G. SPENCE, William G. Spence, who was a partner with his brother in the general contracting business, received his preliminary education in the public schools of Cleveland, subsequently completing a course of study in Specerian College. After graduating from that institution he secured a position as bookkeeper for Rose & Prentiss, in which position he remained for about three years, and then engaged in the dairy business with his brother, John M. Later they turned their attention to general contracting and building, in which they are now interested. Mr. Spence wedded Mary K. Watkins, of this city, by whom he has had five children : Mrs. Arthur Wils0n, her husband being a civil engineer of Cleveland ; 610 - HISTORY OF CLEVELAND Belle C,, who resides with her parents; and William J., John D. and A. M., who are engaged in the contracting business with their father. Mr. Spence is an ardent supporter of the republican party and takes an active interest in public affairs, being an enthusiastic advocate of its principles and also loyal to its candidates. In local affairs he has taken considerable interest and for the past twelve years has been an efficient member of the school board. He is a business man of remarkable ability and in contracting lines ranks among the foremost. VIRGIL P. KLINE. Virgil P. Kline, an eminent member of the Cleveland bar and one of the leaders of the democracy of this city, was born November 3, 1844, and spent his youthful days in Conneaut, Ohio, supplementing his preliminary education by study in the Eclectic Institute at Hiram. He afterward matriculated in Williams College, completing his literary course by graduation in 1866. Coming to Cleveland, he entered upon the study of law and, passing the required examination in 1870, secured his admission to the bar. For almost forty years he has continued a representative of the profession, being for some time associated in partnership with Albert T. Slade, the connection being terminated in Mr. Slade's death. In 1876 he became a member of the firm of Henderson, Kline & Tolles, while later the name was changed to Kline, Tolles & Goff and following Mr. Goff's acceptance of the presidency of the Cleveland Trust Company the firm of Kline, Tolles & Morley was organized. This is one of the strongest and most influential law firms of the middle west. Mr. Kline has won for himself favorable criticism in his chosen life work, enjoying at all times the good will and respect of the courts and opposing counsel because of his close conformity to a high standard of professional ethics. An orator of notable power, Mr. Kline is frequently called upon to address public gatherings on questions of general interest. He has made a particularly close study of financial and economic questions and the logic of his argument is evident to all who hear him. The democratic party has frequently made him its nominee for office, his name being placed upon the ticket in connection with the candidacy for common pleas judge, circuit judge and state supreme judge. While his personal popularity and the confidence reposed in him have enabled him to run ahead of the party ticket, the republican majority is too strong to be overcome. He has also been mentioned for congress and gubernatorial honors. His ability has enabled him to grace any position, and yet in the practice of law he has found ample opportunity to give scope to his splendidly developed powers. HON. WILLIAM GEORGE PHARE. Hon. George William Phare, state senator and one of the representative republicans of Cleveland, m the exercise of his official duties is giving ample proof of his allegiance to all that is most progressive, practical and beneficial in citizenship relative to the welfare of the commonwealth. He was born in Warrensville, Cuyahoga county, Ohio, June 29, 1863. He comes of an old English family that is, however, of French descent. His father, Thomas Phare, was born in Plymouth, England, October 14, 1822, and came to the United States in 1851. He put in the first paving on West Superior street in Cleveland, built the Warren residence, the Chadwick residence and other substantial homes and buildings of the city. He wedded Mary J. Short, who was born in Plymouth, England, in 1828, and died on the 7th of May, 1895. HISTORY OF CLEVELAND - 613 William G. Phare acquired his early education in the East Cleveland public schools, afterward attended Shaw Academy and later studied in the National Normal University at Lebanon, Ohio, from which he was graduated with the class of 1882. He then engaged in general merchandising for a time at Fairmount, now Cleveland Heights, but while still continuing his efforts along those lines he took up the study of law, devoting his leisure hours thereto for eight years. In 1890 he was admitted to the bar and began practice. He has never entered into partnership relations and, therefore, his success is attributable entirely to his own efforts. He has made a specialty of law pertaining to real estate, although he has engaged also in general practice. He is thoroughly informed concerning real-estate law so that his legal advice is sound and accurate, while in the conduct of real-estate litigation he proves his force and ability. In 1902 he organized the Fairmount Savings Bank, of which he was secretary and treasurer until 1905, when the institution was consolidated with the Cleveland Trust Company. He is interested in real estate, operating on his own account for himself and others. Mr. Phare is also recognized as a prominent factor in political circles, being one of the republican leaders of Cleveland. In 1900 he was elected a member of the state legislature and served during the ensuing two years, active as a member and secretary of the judiciary committee, as chairman of the committee on dairy and food products and a member of the committee on municipal corporations and common schools. Still higher political honors awaited him, however, for in November, 1908, he was elected to the state senate and is now serving on the finance committee, the committee on common schools, colleges and universities, on roads and highways, agriculture and others. He is regarded as an able legislator, following a conservative course that does not, however, eliminate progressiveness. He gives careful consideration to each question which comes up for settlement and as the years have gone by he has proven his capability to handle vital problems which are effected through the agency of state legislation. On the 27th of November, 1886, Mr. Phare was married to Miss Matie M. Linder, a daughter of Samuel and Malinda Linder, and they have one son, Roy W., who was born January 12, 1888. He was clerk for some time in the First National Bank and later with Citizens Savings & Trust Company, but is now associated with his father. The family are prominent socially and their hospitable home, erected by Mr. Phare, is a most attractive one at Cleveland Heights. Mr. Phare belongs to a number of the leading local social clubs; is also connected with the Cleveland Bar Association and the State Bar Association and is active in the work of the Cleveland Heights Methodist Episcopal church, in which he holds membership and is serving as a trustee. He is preeminently a man of affairs and one who is wielding a wide and beneficial influence for he is alive to the best interest of citizenship and is patriotic in the support of valuable public measures. CHARLES P. BRAINERD. Charles W. Brainerd, secretary of the National Screw & Tack Company of Cleveland, is one of the representative business men and substantial residents of this city, where he has spent so much of his life. He was born in Cuyahoga county, Ohio, in 1861, being a son of Jesse K. and Malina (Sacket) Brainerd, of whom separate mention is made elsewhere in this work. The education of our subject was secured in the public schools of Brooklyn, Ohio, and the Spencerian Business College, and when he was twenty years old he began his business career in an oil refinery in Pennsylvania, where he remained three years. Returning to Ohio in 1891, Mr. Brainerd began working for the National Screw & Tack Company as office clerk. So firm was his grasp upon the 614 - HISTORY OF CLEVELAND affairs of the business, that in 1893 he was elected secretary, which responsible position he still fills. This company is one of the largest of its class in the country, and employment is given to one thousand people. In 1886 occurred the marriage of Mr. Brainerd and Bertha Snow, a daughter of W. C. Snow, of Brooklyn, Ohio. They have two daughters, and the pleasant family home is located at No. 4201 Clinton avenue. Mr. Brainerd cares but little for club life, taking his pleasure in his home with his family. They all attend the First Congregational church. Mr. Brainerd belongs to the Chamber of Commerce and the Clifton Club, and in politics he is a republican, but, aside from the normal business man's interest in securing good government, he takes no part in public affairs. All of his energies have been bent toward the betterment of his business. Perhaps this is the secret of his success. He has had a definite aim and never allowed anything to divert him from it. It is such men as Mr. Brainerd—sound, reliable and conservative—who form the backbone of the country's prosperity and upon whom every dependence can be put in time of need. SAMUEL H. BECK. Samuel H. Beck, field manager of the United States Casualty Insurance Company of New York, was born in Lancaster, Ohio, February 9, 1852, his parents being Jacob F. and Elizabeth (Reimund) Beck. The former was a native of Baden, Germany, and came to America at the age of six with his parents and two brothers and a sister. The two brothers, George and Martin, and the sister, who became Mrs. Meyers, are now all deceased. Shortly after their arrival the family located in Lancaster, Ohio, where the head of the house established himself in the dry-goods business. There he lived until his death in 1860, and his son, our subject's father, subsequently succeeded to the business. His great-grandfather, George Beck, was secretary to the Duke of Baden. He enjoyed preferment and during his lifetime accumulated a large estate, which is now held by the German crown. In Lancaster, Samuel H. Beck was reared and attended school, from which he was graduated at the age of eighteen years. Upon the death of his father, his mother undertook the management of the dry-goods house, and soon as he left school Mr. Beck gave her his assistance. He was thus engaged for twelve years, and at the end of that time started in mercantile business on his own account. He continued thus for five years and then sold out. In 1894 he removed to Cleveland, where he was to try a new line of activity, for which he was especially well fitted, becoming field manager of the important insurance company mentioned above, and in this capacity he continues at the present day. On June 8. 1876, Mr. Beck was married to Miss Tillie C. Rippey, a daughter of William and Matilda (Curtis) Rippey. Mrs. Beck, whose parents are deceased, comes of distinguished ancestry. Her great-grandfather, William Rippey, who kept a hotel at Shippensburg, Pennsylvania, served in the Revolutionary war as captain under General George Washington and although captured three times as a spy escaped each time. It was his happiness to be personally complimented by General Washington for bravery. The union of Mr. and Mrs. Beck has been blessed by the birth of four children. Mr. Beck is a stalwart champion of education and a glance at the career and education of his children gives ample evidence of the fact that his convictions bear a fruitage of deeds rather than words. The eldest daughter, Mary Rippey, was graduated from the Western Reserve University and is now teaching mathematics in the Cleveland high school. The second daughter, Florence M., is artistically inclined and upon completing her course in the public schools entered the Cleveland Art School and finished with post-graduate work in Columbia HISTORY OF CLEVELAND - 615 University in New York city. She also is enrolled as one of Cleveland's high school teachers, her specialty being art. Bertha E., a graduate of the Western Reserve University, is the wife of Ralph West, president and general manager of the West Steel Casting Company of Cleveland. She is the mother of two children, Ralph, Jr., and Thomas D. The youngest member of the Beck family, William Rippey, is pursuing a five years' course in mechanical engineering in the Western Reserve University and the Case School of Applied Science. The attractive family residence is situated at 35 Windermere street. Mr. Beck has several fraternal affiliations in which he takes great pleasure, holding membership in the Masonic order with the degree of Knight Templar, and in the Knights of Pythias and the Royal Arcanum. He gives his support and sympathy to the Windermere Presbyterian church. He is an uncompromising republican, and as a man whose high principles and native ability fit him for the assumption of public trust and leadership, has been urged to run for office, but lack of time and other considerations have necessitated his declining. While a resident of Lancaster he was a member of the City cemetery committee and named its cemetery "Forest Rose." As to his natural tastes, one of the strongest of these is a fondness for reading, his home being a veritable storehouse of good literature. He is particularly devoted to modern history and has a penchant for mathematics. Cleveland is fortunate in citizenship such as Mr. Beck's, for he is liberal minded and progressive and ready to support any measure likely to bring the greatest good to the greatest number. THOMAS ERNEST BORTON. On the list of prominent financiers in Cleveland appears the name of Thomas Ernest Borton, a member of the popular and successful brokerage firm of Borton & Borton. He was born in Plymouth, Indiana, December 14, 1868, and all through his life has been actuated by a laudable ambition that has prompted him to accomplish whatever he has undertaken when close application and capable management could attain the end desired. The Borton family is of English origin but for many generations the family has been represented in America, the ancestors of our subject coming to the new world with William Penn. His father, Dr. Amos 0. Borton, was born in Ohio, studied dentistry and for many years practiced his profession in Plymouth, Indiana. He wedded Mary Cooper, a native of Penrith, England, and a representative of good old stock of that country. Dr. Borton is now deceased but the mother resides in Redlands, California. Their family numbered three sons : Fred S., of the firm of Borton & Borton ; Chester C., general foreman on the Southern Pacific Railroad at Oakland, California, and Thomas E. The last named spent his boyhood in Plymouth, Indiana, and was graduated from the high school as a member of the class of 1887. He continued his education in Wabash College, pursuing the scientific course as a member of the class of 1893. In the interval between his high school and college days he had engaged in teaching in the country schools of South Dakota for four years and upon leaving Wabash College he turned his attention to commercial interests, entering the employ of the American Steel & Wire Company at Cleveland. He had occupied that position only a short time, however, when upon the opening of the Dime Savings & Banking Company he entered that institution in a minor capacity. His thoroughness, close application and ability, however, enabled him to rise from one position to another, leading him from collector to the very responsible position of manager of the trust department, in which position he was serving when he severed his connection with that institution to accept the office of assistant secretary of the Reserve Trust Company. He remained in that capacity for two years and then, upon the organization of the Prudential Trust Company, he 616 - HISTORY OF CLEVELAND became its secretary and treasurer, so continuing for a year and a half, when he resigned and went to California. He spent two years on the Pacific coast in rest and recreation, after which he returned to Cleveland and became assistant cashier of the Cleveland National Bank. He had occupied that position for two years when he resigned and joined his brother, Fred S. Borton, in organizing the firm of Borton & Borton, brokers. They are well known in this connection and for three and a half years have operated as members of the Cleveland Stock Exchange. They have ever maintained a conservative policy and have a large clientele among the bankers of the state. They buy and sell some Ohio municipal bonds and also conduct an extensive business as note brokers, occupying attractive offices on the ninth floor of the Guardian building. The consensus of public opinion accords them a prominent position in financial circles and their success is the well merited reward of carefully directed and honorable activity. Thomas E. Borton is also treasurer of the Shaker Heights Improvement Company and is interested in various other commercial and financial enterprises of Cleveland, from which he derives a substantial annual income, while his business judgment and keen discernment are factors in their successful control. Thomas E. Borton was married at Elyria, Ohio, to Miss Lizabeth Lewis, a daughter of H. J. Lewis, at one time county clerk of Lorain county, Ohio. Their children are three in number : Marion Frances, Jean Lewis and Robert Ernest. The family residence is at Windermere Hill, East Cleveland. While not strongly partisan in local matters, Mr. Borton is an earnest republican where national issues are involved, regarding the basic principles of the party as a substantial foundation upon which to rear the superstructure of good government. He is an active and interested member of the Chamber of Commerce and belongs also to the Union, Hermit and Euclid Clubs. Both he and his wife are active and helpful members in the Windermere Presbyterian church, in which he is serving as treasurer. His friends characterize him as a man of strong purpose, of high principles and of commendable spirit, knowing that his methods are above question and that his undaunted enterprise will enable him to win in the various lines of activity which he undertakes. WILLIAM EDWARD CHAPMAN. William Edward Chapman, a member of the firm of W. C. Richardson & Company, vessel owners, brokers and agents for marine insurance, with offices at 420-421 Perry Payne building, was born in Sandusky, Ohio, August 1, 1844. His parents were William P. and Eliza C. Chapman, both now deceased. The father was a native of Connecticut and one of the early settlers of Sandusky, where his death occurred in 1893, at the venerable age of eighty-five years. The mother was seventy-six years of age when her death occurred in 1891. William Edward Chapman entered the public schools of Sandusky at the usual age. After passing through the successive grades he entered the high school and was graduated from that institution in 1862. The first step in his business career was as clerk in the Sandusky freight office of the Sandusky, Mansfield & Newark Railway, now known as the Baltimore & Ohio. He left that office to serve a short period in the Army of the Potomac during 1864 and upon the conclusion of the war became connected with the Erie Railway at Dunkirk, New York. Two years. later he returned to Sandusky, which remained his home continuously until 1892. In that year he came to Cleveland and engaged in the lake transportation business. The venture proved one of success and of a gratifying profit and in 1901 he disposed of all his interests in Sandusky and moved his family to Cleveland. They have since occupied a pleasant home at 1909 East Seventieth street. In 1878 Mr. Chapman wedded Miss Julia Louise Mills, a daughter of Judge William Mills, of Greene county, Ohio, and the founder of Antioch College at Yel- HISTORY OF CLEVELAND - 619 low Springs. Three children have been born to Mr. and Mrs. Chapman: Winifred, Margaret and Mills, all residents of Cleveland. In addition to his interests in W. C. Richardson & Company Mr. Chapman is actively associated as a director and officer with several of the important corporations of this city. He is also identified with its social life as is manifested in his membership in the Euclid Club. His religous faith is indicated by his membership in St. Paul's church, and he recalls memories of his war days in the meetings of the Grand Army of the Republic, of which he is a member. Politically he has always been a stanch supporter of republican principles but has never aspired to official preferment, believing that a citizen may as effectively serve his fellowmen through a discriminating use of his right of franchise as through active participation in municipal affairs. HARRY A. PARSONS. Harry A. Parsons, a capitalist of Cleveland with large invested interests, represents one of the old families of the city. His grandfather, H. K. Parsons, was engaged in the agricultural implement business here in early days. His father, C. A. Parsons, a prominent representative of the iron and steel industry, was the promoter of a number of steel plants in different cities. The mother bore the maiden name of Cordelia Parr and the family home was maintained in Cleveland during the boyhood days of Harry A. Parsons, who after accomplishing the grade work in the public schools attended the Pest high school. At the age of fourteen, however, he put aside his text-books and when a youth of sixteen entered the employ of the Baltimore & Ohio Railroad Company, with which he remained for four years. He was afterward connected with Thomas Johnston, of the Range Steel Company, where he remained for about four years, and in 1898 he became assistant secretary to Senator Marcus A. Hanna, whose interests he represented until the time of Mr. Hanna's death. Mr. Parsons was married a few years ago to Miss Mabel Hanna, the Senator's daughter, and in the social circles of Cleveland they occupy a very prominent position. He is a stalwart republican in his political views and a valued and popular member of the Roadside, Lakewood Yacht and Cleveland Yacht Clubs. He is an enthusiast on the subject of sailing and is interested in all that pertains to his favorite sport. D. J. McNAUGHTON. D. J. and Jerry 0. McNaughton are at the head of the Jerry 0. McNaughton Company, one of the leading merchant tailoring firms of Cleveland. The senior partner, D. J. McNaughton, was born in Port Hope, Canada, October 14, 1855, a son of James A. and Tenie (Pright) McNaughton. The former died about twenty years ago, but the mother is still living at Petersburg, Ontario. D. J. McNaughton attended the common schools of Oshawa, Whitla and Columbus, Ontario, but he did not pursue his education beyond his seventeenth year. In 1881 he came to Cleveland and was associated for a time with the National Machine Company and later with the American Ship Building Company. In May, 1906, he joined his son Jerry 0. McNaughton in his tailoring business, being secretary and treasurer of the firm, and his wide business experience has been of no inconsiderable advantage in promoting its growth and prosperity. In 1882 Mr. McNaughton was united in marriage to Miss Mary E. Myers, of Toledo, a daughter of John Myers. They have become the parents of one son, 620 - HISTORY OF CLEVELAND Jerry O., of whom mention is made below. Mr. McNaughton is a member of Red Cross Lodge, Knights of Pythias, and also belongs to the Benevolent and Protective Order of Elks. Jerry O. McNaughton was born in Cleveland, December 22, 1884. He was a pupil in one of the public schools here and also attended the high school. In 1900 he put aside his text-books and entered the employ of Mr. Cunningham, the tailor, working for him for the next two years, one of which was spent as a sewer on the bench. Upon leaving him, Mr. McNaughton secured a position with Kamerer, the tailor, and two years later, in 1904, made another change to his advantage by securing his first cutting position with Heckler, the tailor. At the end of two years he was confident that he had acquired sufficient experience to warrant his engaging m business for himself. Accordingly, in May, 1906, the Jerry O. McNaughton Company was established, of which he is the president and manager, while his father is the secretary and treasurer. It is managed along up-to-date lines and in the three years of its existence has grown to gratifying proportions, numbering among its patrons some of the more fastidious of Cleveland's citizens. ALBERT W. HENN. Albert W. Henn, secretary and treasurer of the National-Acme Manufacturing Company, has in his business career, beginning at the age of thirteen years, worked his way steadily upward and his close application, ready mastery of every task entrusted to him and progressive and initiative spirit have enabled him to attain a position of prominence as a representative of industrial interests in Cleveland. He was born in New Britain, Connecticut, in 1865, a son of Francis A. and Barbara Henn. The father was a native of Baden-Baden, Germany, in which country he learned the gunsmith's trade. On coming to the United States in 1859, he settled in New Britain, Connecticut, where he had charge of the cock making department of the firm of Landers, Frary & Clark, in which position he continued until 1882, when he retired from active business life. Between the ages of six and thirteen years Albert W. Henn pursued his education in the public schools of New Britain and then sought the opportunities of business life, entering the employ of Landers, Frary & Clark in their general hardware factory. Gradually he worked his way upward, his ability winning him consecutive promotions until he became shipping clerk, which position he resigned in 1882 to remove to Cleveland. He entered business circles here as entry clerk for the firm of Root & McBride Brothers, with whom he remained six months, when he took charge of the office of Levy & Steam, with whom he continued for thirteen years. On the expiration of that period he returned to Hartford, Connecticut, and in connection with his brother Edwin developed the Acme Machine Screw Company, of which he was secretary and treasurer. In 1902 the business was removed to Cleveland and the National-Acme Manufacturing Company was organized with Albert W. Henn as secretary, while since February, 1908, he has served as both secretary and treasurer. Thoroughly conversant with every detail of the business and giving to its principal features due relative prominence, he has been active and efficient in management, his keen foresight and unfaltering enterprise enabling him to achieve substantial results in connection with the conduct of this industry. Neither has he confined his attention alone to that line, for he is now vice president and treasurer of the Bigsby Manufacturing Company of Cleveland, which was organized in October, 1909. This company engages in the manufacture of iron and steel roofing, tin and terne plate, black and galvanized sheets, metallic ceilings and many other iron and steel products, together with other products which are indispensable elements in iron and steel construction work. The office and plant of the com- HISTORY OF CLEVELAND - 621 pany are located at Nos. 5125 to 5135 Perkins avenue and the officers are : C. S. Bigsby, president and general manager ; A. W. Henn, vice president and treasurer; and Bernard Bigsby, Jr., secretary and manager of sales. In April, 1889, Mr. Henn was married in Cleveland to Miss Gertrude J. Bruce, a granddaughter of William Whitworth, who is nearing his ninetieth year in the enjoyment of good health. His home is in Cleveland and he has the distinction of having owned the second greenhouse in this city, his place of business being at that time on Cedar street in the vicinity of Greenwood. He was one of the spectators on the occasion when the first train ran over the line from Manchester to Liverpool, the opening ceremonies being ,attended by the Duke of Wellington and Marshall Sue. Mr. Whitworth takes great delight in enthusiastically relating events of his early days, many of which are of great interest. Unto Mr. and Mrs. Henn have been born six children, but two died in infancy. Those still living are : Edwin and Howard, who are attending the University school ; Jeanette, a public-school pupil ; and Robert, five years of age. The family residence is at No. 1876 East Seventieth street. Mr. Henn belongs to Woodward Lodge, No. 508, F. & A. M.; Webb Chapter, No. 14, R. A. M.; Coeur de Leon Commandery, K. T.; and Lake Erie Consistory. He also belongs to the Colonial Club and delights in motoring and fishing. His political allegiance is given to the republican party but his interest centers chiefly in his business affairs, which under his capable guidance are being carried forward to successful completion. He is a man of undaunted enterprise and, studying how best to promote the expansion of his manufacturing interests, he has accomplished substantial results by practical methods. LOUIS KLEIN. Louis Klein, president of the Louis Klein Cigar Company, is one of the representative business men of Cleveland, who have developed large commercial enterprises, for he is now prominent in the cigar trade of the city, the different branches of his business furnishing employment to many individuals. He was born in Austria, September 25, 1871, a son of Benjamin and Augusta Klein, the former of whom was born in Austria in 1834. For a number of years he was a merchant in that country but in 1884 came to the United States, with Cleveland as his destination. After arriving here he was for two years an agent for clocks and wringers made by reputable firms, and in 1886 he entered the saloon business, in which he continued until his death in 1907. For two years after coming to Cleveland Louis Klein attended school here and then entered the employ of Halsey & Montgomery, dealers in cigars, with whom he remained a year. His next employer was W. W. Herrick, of the Excelsior Steam Laundry Company, for whom he was delivery man for a year. Mr. Klein then worked for the Cleveland Steam Laundry Company as delivery man for another year, after which he returned to the cigar business, engaging with J. R. Quinn and remaining with him for nine years. All this time he had been frugal in his habits and thus saved enough to buy out his employer. In 1901 he formed a corporation with himself as president, but this was dissolved in 1903, and Mr. Klein continued alone until 1907, when he incorporated the Louis Klein Cigar Company, of which he is also president. He has been remarkably successful in his operations, and now has nine retail stores in Cleveland and does an immense retail and wholesale business in the city and vicinity, his special brands meeting with hearty approval from those who enjoy a good cigar. On the 14th of August, 1894, Mr. Klein was married in Cleveland to Miss Fanny G. Gottlieb, and they have two children : Cecile Penrose, a graduate of the public schools ; and Ruth Helen. They reside at No. 75 Wadena avenue, East Cleveland. 622 - HISTORY OF CLEVELAND Mr. Klein belongs to the Elks, the H. B. S. U. and the Cleveland Independent Aid Association. His political views make him a republican, but his heavy business interests prevent his taking an active part in public affairs. He is a keen, shrewd business man, who has worked steadily toward one end all of his life—that of being at the head of a paying business—and his success has been earned by constant ,industry, strict economy and capable management. WILLIAM T. BELL. William T. Bell was for a long period a representative of mercantile interests in Cleveland and, though he met with financial reverses, he ever sustained an unassailable reputation for his business integrity and the honesty of his methods. A generous spirit was one of his strongest characteristics and of his prosperity he gave liberally to the poor and needy. His prominence, too, made him sought for cooperation in events of public importance and thus in many ways he left the impress of his individuality upon Cleveland's history. His birth occurred in Alnwick, England, July 20, 1848, and his parents, David P. and Hannah (Turnbull) Bell, were also natives of Alnwick, where the former was well known as a prominent dry-goods merchant. Both were descendants of old English and Scotch families. William T. Bell was educated in the schools of Alnwick and of London, liberal advantages in that direction being afforded him. He continued throughout his life a reader and therefore ever kept widely informed upon the general topics of interest of the day. Arriving in Cleveland in 1876, he became connected with the old firm of Taylor & Kilpatrick, the predecessors of the William Taylor & Sons Company, as buyer and manager. When his careful expenditure justified his embarkation in business on his own account, he opened a large dry-goods store on East Thirty-fourth street and St. Clair avenue, and at different times established branch houses until he became the owner of six stores. Through his charitable deeds and generous gifts, coupled with financial reverses in 1897, he was forced to give up his local business and went to Bradford, Pennsylvania, where he conducted the principal dry-g00ds store, owned by Mrs. Etta Bell. There he recuperated from his losses and later returned to Cleveland, opening a store on Wade Park avenue. His business integrity was ever above question, for he sought success along honorable lines, never attempting to win prosperity by wrecking other's fortunes or blocking their efforts. His measures were always of a constructive character and all who knew him rejoiced in the success to which he attained after suffering financial reverses. On the 30th of August, 1882, Mr. Bell was married, to Miss Etta Scott, a daughter of Mrs. Mary Scott and a granddaughter of John D. Cross, of Northfield, Summit county, Ohio. Unto Mr. and Mrs. Bell were born two sons and two daughters. The eldest, David Scott, born June 5, 1883, died February 6, 1904. Shirley, born July 29, 1884, is the wife of Nelson S. Hastings, of Bradford, who is a graduate of Yale and a relative of Governor Hastings. They have one child, Nelson William, born May 30, 1909, Mrs. Bell's only grandchild. Gordon- T., born April 22, 1887, is in the newspaper and brokerage business. Heather, the youngest of the family, born October 14, 1891, died March 30, 1896. Mr. Bell was a stalwart republican in his political views and was most loyal to his professions as a member of the Presbyterian church. His Christian belief was a permeating influence m his life and he not only gave liberally to his own denomination but also to the support of other churches. He was fond of travel and went on various trips with Mrs. Bell, both in this country and abroad. His prominence and worth as a man and citizen caused his assistance to be frequently sought in relation to public affairs and he aided in laying many corner stones throughout the city. He was very charitable and his kindly heart prompted him to make gen- HISTORY OF CLEVELAND - 625 erous and ready response to every call from the poor and needy. He held friendship inviolable but reserved his best traits of character for his own fireside. He loved his wife and children devotedly and his greatest happiness was obtained in their society. When death claimed him on the 21st of April, 1907, his loss brought a sense of personal bereavement to many and at his own fireside left vacant a place that can never be filled. The memory of his life, however, remains as a blessed benediction to all who knew him. FRANK H. WALWORTH. Frank H. Walworth, whose business connections have brought him a wide acquaintance in the business circles of Cleveland, is now a real-estate dealer whose persistent and intelligently directed efforts have gained him a good clientage. He was born in this city, July 15, 1857, his parents being John and Mary V. (Race) Walworth. He was here educated and eventually left school as he was the only one in his class. He was afterward engaged as bookkeeper at the insane asylum for a number of years and later became bookkeeper for the Northern Ohio Grape Company. He was then employed in several of the largest banking institutions, his last connection of this character being with the Cleveland Trust Company. His varied experiences brought him comprehensive, accurate and practical knowledge concerning business methods, and during his association with the banks he learned considerable concerning real-estate interests and investments. He then turned his attention to the real-estate business on his own account and has handled much property for others, negotiating many important realty transfers. He also owns property where he resides and also has other valuable holdings in Cleveland. On the 17th of April, 1889, Mr. Walworth was united in marriage to Miss Kate C. Cline, and unto them were born three children, Kathryn C., Jeannette Race and John Dunlap, all of whom are yet with their parents. Mr, Walworth is a republican in his political views and is not unmindful of the duties and obligations of citizenship. He manifests his loyalty to the public welfare not only in his endorsement of the political principles in which he believes but also in his support of many measures instituted for the public good. He adheres to the Presbyterian church and in his social relations manifests qualities which win for him a constantly increasing circle of friends. Mr. Walworth belongs to the Chamber of Commerce but does not take much interest in club life, preferring to spend his leisure hours in his family circle. GEORGE SHELLEY RUSSELL. George S. Russell, to whom the utilization and improvement of opportunity have constituted the path to success, is the cashier of the Bank of Commerce, National Association, and in Cleveland's financial circles is widely and favorably known. He was born in this city November 20, 1850, a son of George Hunger- ford and Octavio (Hoskins) Russell. The father came to Cleveland in 1837 from Watertown, New York, at which time this city contained a population of only a few thousand. He turned his attention to merchandising and later became a member of the firm of Russell & Greene, engaged in the forwarding commission business along the Cuyahoga river.' In 1857 he was elected secretary and treasurer of the old Cleveland, Columbus, Cincinnati & Indianapolis Railway Company, which position he filled until his death in 1888. He was thus associated with business enterprises which contributed in substantial measure to the up- 626 - HISTORY OF CLEVELAND building of this section of the state and at all times stood for progress and advancement. The education of George S. Russell was acquired in public and private schools of Cleveland and soon after hi§ scholastic training was completed he became a clerk in the National City Bank, where he remained for two years. He then became teller of the Second National Bank, where he remained for nearly three years and on the expiration of that period was chosen assistant secretary and treasurer of the Cleveland, Columbus, Cincinnati & Indianapolis Railway under his father, whom he afterward succeeded as treasurer upon the death of G. H. Russell in 1888. In 1889 the name of the railroad was changed to the Cleveland, Cincinnati, Chicago & St. Louis Railway, commonly known as the Big Four. Mr. Russell continued as treasurer of the system until 1892, when he became cashier of the Western Reserve Bank and in 1899, when the National Bank of Commerce was consolidated with the Western Reserve National Bank, forming the Bank of Commerce, National Association, Mr. Russell became cashier of the new institution. His has been a life of constant and helpful activity, in which keen discernment has led to substantial results. For a number of years, or until it became the Municipal Traction Company, he was treasurer of the Cleveland Electric Railway, and thus practical experience has brought him knowledge of the problems of steam and electric transportation. He is a director of the American Fork & Hoe Company, a director of the Bank of Commerce, National Association, and a trustee of the Society for Savings. Purposeful and persistent, he never leaves unsolved any problems which confront him in a business connection, but finds correct answer thereto through the close application and unremitting energy which are numbered among his salient characteristics. In 1874 Mr. Russell was married to Miss Florence Hale, a daughter of the late Edwin B. Hale, for many years a banker of Cleveland and the founder of the banking house of E. B. Hale & Company. There is one daughter of this marriage, Alice Hale, who is the wife of Alfred G. Clark, of Cleveland, and they have three children : Dorothy Florence, Marian Louise and Eleanor Elizabeth. Mr. Russell is a republican in politics and a Member of the Union and Country Clubs. Of the latter organization he has been the president. He also belongs to St. Paul's Episcopal church and is a member of the vestry. His town residence is on Euclid avenue, while his summer home is at Willoughby, Ohio. While he had the advantages of parental influence and training to assist him at the outset of his career, the conditions in the business world are so constantly changing that not only each generation but almost every year brings new situations that must be faced and new problems that must be solved along original lines. The keen perception and alert mind of Mr. Russell have enabled him not only to meet the changes that are brought about in the complexity of business life but to adapt himself as well to the altered conditions and find therein an avenue for continued successful effort. WILLIAM F. ENGEL. William F. Engel, a well known manufacturing furrier, is a native of Detroit, Michigan, having been born in that city in 1874. There he received his early education and after finishing the grammar grades spent some time in the study of the German language. He gained an insight into his present business with Walter Buhl, a wholesale and retail furrier of Detroit, with whom he remained for eight years. When Mr. Buhl was succeeded by Edwin S. George, Mr. Engel continued with him for five years more. HISTORY OF CLEVELAND - 627 It was in 1904 that he came to Cleveland, where he established himself independently in business. He makes a specialty of the manufacturing part of the trade and is remarkably skilled in the delicate at of the furrier, possessing a connoisseur's judgment of values and fitness. It is but natural that he has obtained an enviable recognition from the public whose confidence he possesses in highest degree. His place of business is at 1119 Prospect avenue, Southeast. Mr. Engel was married in 1902 to Miss Mildred Grabiel, of Detroit, and the family residence is at 6200 Belvidere avenue. Cleveland derives her strength and high standing among the cities in great measure from her trades and smaller industries and to each in its own individual excellence credit is clue, Mr. Engel's business coming in for its full share. ALBERT E. AKINS. Albert E. Akins, with excellent powers of organization and with strong initiative spirit, has clone much to promote the building and operation of electric railway lines in this section of the state and is now vice president of the Cleveland, Columbus & Southwestern Electric Railway Company, one of the most extensive systems of interurban railways in northern Ohio. Born on the 1st of March, 1847, he is a son of Henry Akins, whose birth occurred in Connecticut, June 26, 1813. When a young man he came to Cleveland and soon afterward settled in Euclid township, this county, where he followed the ship carpenter's trade. He was also employed in that way in Chicago and later removed to a small farm south of Cleveland, where he continued his residence until his death, which occurred in 1876. A stalwart abolitionist whose interest in the cause had practical manifestation, he took an active part in the work of the underground railway, whereby many slaves were assisted on their way to freedom in Canada. His wife, who bore the maiden name of Mercy M. Wilkinson, was born in the state of New York, March 8, 1816, and came to the west about the same time as her future husband. She, too, became a resident of Euclid township. She died March 21, 1909. Soon after their marriage, about 1843, they removed to Royalton township and were among the early settlers in this part of the county. It was on the home farm in Royalton township that Albert E. Akins first opened his eyes to the light of day. He mastered the elementary branches of learning in the public schools there and attended Baldwin University at Berea, Ohio, for a short time, and afterward began teaching at the comparatively early age of eighteen years. He was identified with the school interests of Royalton and Union City for about eighteen years, during which time he held many official positions in the township. In 1881 he accepted a clerical position in the office of the county treasurer and when H. N. Whitbeck came into office he transferred Mr. Akins from the county to the city department, where he remained for about nine. years. In 1889 he was elected auditor of the county. This was the second year in which the Crawford county plan of direct voting in the primaries was in vogue. Mr. Akins took his office in 1890 and served for one term and was then defeated in 1892 with the remainder of the ticket. He has been very active in political circles and is recognized as one whose labors are very effective in the organization of the republican forces. In 1895 he was nominated for office and was elected, but on account of ill health was obliged to abandon the duties of the position. During the interim he was one of several who, holding political positions, were prominent in building and operating the first interurban road between Cleveland and Berea, and also the Elyria Electric railroad. Since that time the system has been extended until the company now owns two hundred and ten miles of railroad in northern Ohio through the construction and consolidation of electric railway interests, which 628 - HISTORY OF CLEVELAND are now managed under the corporation style of the Cleveland, Columbus & Southwestern Electric Railway Company. For some years Mr. Akins was secretary of the company and later was made vice president. He is practically today the active head of the company and the successful manipulation of its affairs indicates his superior business ability, initiative spirit and powers of organization. He owns an interest in different electric railroads throughout the country and has become widely known in this connection. Mr. Akins was married in 1871 to Miss Linnie E. Meachan, who was born in Strongsville, Ohio. He holds membership in the Methodist church and is a prominent representative of the Tippecanoe Club, of which he has served as president and has since been a member of the board of directors. He is also connected with the Masonic fraternity and the Knights of Pythias lodge. While he has thus become widely known through various social and fraternal relations, his political and business activities have perhaps brought him most prominently before the public and his powers of organization have constituted important forces in both political and business management. It requires notable executive ability to manage all the manifold interests connected with the establishment and operation of street railway lines and the extensive system which he has controlled is the adequate expression of his understanding of the various needs of the busmess and the enterprising spirit which he shows in adapting means and conditions to these needs. The exercise of effort is keeping him alert, and in an age where it is claimed that young men are rapidly forging their way to the front he maintains his place with those who are his juniors. He is yet, however, in the prime of life and at all times has kept in touch with the spirit of modern progress, so that his methods have been of a most progressive character. GEORGE WARREN SPENCER, M. D. Dr. George Warren Spencer, who for more than a quarter of a century has been continuously engaged in the practice of medicine at Cleveland, has made a specialty of dermatological work since 1891. He was born in Portage county, Ohio, on the 8th of December, 1850, a son of Alexander and Mary (Thomson) Spencer, who were natives of Poughkeepsie, New York, and Ohio respectively. The father was eighteen years of age when he took up his abode in Portage county, Ohio, where he gave his attention to general agricultural pursuits until the time of his demise, passing away in 1889 at the age of sixty-eight years. His wife, who was born on the same farm which was the birthplace of their son, George W., survived him for but three weeks. George Warren Spencer remained on the home farm until twenty-two years of age and obtained his early education in the district schools. Subsequently he attended Hiram College and afterward pursued a course in Oberlin University, studying and teaching alternately from the age or nineteen until he took up the study of medicine in 1874. He first spent two years in the office of Dr. E. Hahn at Latonia, Ohio, and then entered the department of medicine and surgery of the University of Michigan, from which institution he was graduated in June, 1878, winning the degree of M. D. The following August he located for practice at Collinwood, now a part of Cleveland, where he continued for two years. He then practiced at Shelby, Ohio, until the spring of 1883, when he returned to Cleveland and has here since remained, his patronage constantly growing in volume and importance. He took the chair of dermatology at the Cleveland Medical College in 1891, but resigned in 1893 in order to accept the chairs of dermatology and physiology at the University of Medicine and Surgery, which he has since held. The two institutions were later combined under the name of the Cleveland Homeopathic Medical College, and there he has built up the most complete working physiological laboratory in the country. In 1897 he pursued a post graduate HISTORY OF CLEVELAND - 631 course at the Columbia University of New York in laboratory work in physiology, while in 1902 he attended the St. Louis Hospital of Paris and also took a course in dermatological work at the London Skin Hospital. He has made a specialty of dermatology since 1891 and is very successful m this branch of practice. He has been on the staff of the Huron Street Hospital for many years and also on the city hospital staff for some years. Broad minded and liberal in his views, he has labored rather for the advancement of the medical science in general than for his particular school and has been a frequent contributor to medical journals, having written many valuable articles which have been favorably received by the profession. He belongs to the Cleveland Homeopathic Medical Society, the Northeastern Ohio Homeopathic Society, the Ohio State Homeopathic Society and the American Institute of Homeopathy. On the 29th of January, 1880, at Collinwood, Dr. Spencer was united in marriage to Miss Lulu Thompson, of Red Oak, Iowa. They now have four children, as follows : Harry A., twenty-eight years of age, who is connected with the George Worthington Company of this city ; Myrtle, at home ; Stanley, a young man 0f twenty-four, who is in the employ of the Lake Shore Railroad Company; and George P. Jr., twenty-two years of age, who is still under the parental roof. The family residence is at No. 2196 East One Hundredth street. Dr. Spencer is fond of travel and has visited many points of interest both in this country and abroad. He has membership relations with the Independent Order of Odd Fellows, the Phi Kappa Psi and the Euclid Avenue Christian church. In professional and social life he holds to high standards and enjoys in large measure the confidence and trust of those with whom he is brought in contact in every relation of life. WILLIAM RUGGLES WATTERSON. William Ruggles Watterson, an architect of Cleveland, the senior partner of the firm of Patterson & Schneider, was born in this city March 17, 1867. His ancestors came from the Isle of Man, where his grandfather, William Patterson, was born. He was one of the original Manx settlers at Warrensville, Ohio, and of the strong, rugged type of the honest pioneer whose labors were an essential and valuable element in the work of laying the foundation for the present prosperity and progress of the county. William J. Watterson, the father, was also a native of Cleveland and became well known as one of the early builders and contractors of the city, who in his business affairs attained success and prominence. The extent of his operations and his activities along lines of general progress and improvement made him widely known and caused him to be classified with the representative and honored men of the Forest city, where he died in 1905. His wife, who bore the maiden name of Sarah Ruggles, was a native of Connecticut and a daughter of Hiram Ruggles, one of the pioneers of Newburg, Ohio. Mrs. Watterson passed away about four years prior to the death of her husband, her demise occurring in 1901. William R. Watterson, whose name introduces this review, is indebted to the public school system of the city for the educational privileges which he enjoyed. Passing through consecutive grades in the primary and grammar schools, he eventually became a high school student and when he had put aside his textbooks to learn the more difficult lessons in the school of experience he became an apprentice in an architect's office, believing that he would find the profession a congenial and interesting one. Having thoroughly equipped for this calling, he entered upon active practice in 1890 and has since made steady progress along the highroad to success, each forward step bringing him broader opportunities and a wider outlook. Almost from the beginning his business was a paying one and while still practicing alone he erected the Ellington for the Bradley estate, 632 - HISTORY OF CLEVELAND and the Teachout warehouses, following the fire which occurred in 1891. In 1892 he entered Columbia University in order to pursue a two years' special course in architecture and thus greatly augmented his skill and ability. He returned to his native city in 1894 as the Cleveland representative of George B. Post, of New York, acting as supervising architect, in which connection he had charge of the construction of the Park building and the Bank of Pittsburg in the city of Pittsburg. He remained in that place until 1895, when he returned to Cleveland to resume the practice of his profession, remaining alone for eight years thereafter or until 1903, during which period he erected a row of buildings for the Perry-Payne Company. He also erected the Phitney building and the Tavistock Hotel. He likewise put up the Younglove building and the Physics building of the Case School of Applied Science, together with many residences, some of which are numbered among the fine homes of the city. In 1903 he entered into partnership with Charles S. Schneider and the firm became Patterson & Schneider-a connection that has since been maintained, while the growth of the business has made the firm one of the m0st prominent in this line in the city. Mr. Watterson devotes his entire attention t0 the profession and is thoroughly conversant with the great scientific principles underlying his work, as well as with all of the practical phases of the business. Mr. Watterson is a member of the American Institute of Architects, of the Cleveland Chapter of the American Institute of Architects and of the latter was at one time president for two years. He is likewise connected with the Architectural League of America and belongs to the Chamber of Commerce and to the Union Club. He is also connected with the Delta Kappa Epsilon, a college fraternity. He has two sons : Joseph B., born in 1900; and William Herbert, born in 1903. In all of his work Mr. Patterson has displayed the thoroughness that constitutes one of the features of his success and his hard work and persistency of purpose have also been elements in the advancement that has brought him to a prominent position among the architects of this city. REV. LOUIS S. REDMER. Rev. Louis S. Redmer, whose labors have been a potent force for the up- building of Catholicism in Cleveland, is now pastor of St. Hyacinth church. He was born September 27, 1877, in Poland. His father, Joseph Redmer, also a native of the same country, was born March 17, 1835, and is still living there. He has served as an officer in the regular army, being connected with the cavalry department. He wedded Appolonia Jackowska, who was born in Poland, December 19, 1837, and died April 9, 1906. She was a daughter of Valentine Jackowska, who was likewise born in Poland, where he was a landowner. He, too, died in that country. A brother of the Rev. Louis Redmer is Dr. Konrad Redmer, who is now successfully practicing medicine and surgery in Danzig, Poland. Some of his writings have been translated into English by Dr. Spalding, of Portland, Maine. Rev. Louis Redmer was educated in the public schools of Poland, attending the gymnasium, an institution equivalent to the college of this country. He was graduated in 1895, and in the same year came to the United States, matriculating in St. John's Seminary at Brooklyn, New York, where he studied for three years, or from 1897 until 1900. During the two previous years he had devoted his time to the mastery of the English language in Br00klyn. He also studied in St. John's Theological Seminary in 1900 and afterward entered the Laval University at Quebec, Canada, from which he was graduated in 1902. He was then ordained in that city by Archbishop Begin of Quebec for the diocese of HISTORY OF CLEVELAND - 633 Cleveland, for his studies had been conducted with the end in view of laboring in this diocese. Rev. Redmer was ordained May 25, 1902, and celebrated his first mass at the Church of St. Anne de Beaupre on the 26th of May. He was then appointed assistant pastor at St. Hedwig's church in Toledo and on the 3d of October, 1903, organized a parish in East Toledo known as St. Mary Magdalene. There he erected a frame church with a seating capacity of two hundred and fifty, a schoolhouse of one room and a parish home. He was appointed pastor of that church and during his labors there raised and spent for the parish nearly fifteen thousand dollars. He continued there until September 26, 1906, when he came to Cleveland. On the 20th of December following Father Redmer was appointed to the task of organizing a Polish congregation, which he did, the result being St. Hyacinth church. The first service was held January 6, 1907, and about fifty people were in attendance. The parish was organized and the first mass celebrated at St. Lawrence church on East Eighty-first street, Southeast, and Union avenue. In May, 1907, the property was purchased from the Cleveland Art Museum estate at the corner of Francis avenue and East Sixty-first street, one hundred and sixty- nine feet on the avenue and three hundred and nineteen feet on Sixty-first street. Attorney Horace Kelley, secretary of the Cleveland Museum of Art aided the parish to secure this beautiful tract of land. Here Father Redmer has erected a brick edifice, which is a combination of church and school, the former having a seating capacity of seven hundred and fifty, while the school contains ten rooms. He has also built a parish house of brick. There are three teachers, Polish Sisters of St. Joseph from Stevens Point, Wisconsin, in the school and the pupils number one hundred and fifty. Three hundred families belong to the parish and twelve hundred people, therefore, attend the church. The parish is now in good shape financially, and the church was opened on Christmas day of 1907, while school was opened January 15, 1908. Father Redmer has conducted a wonderful work here. The church was dedicated August 23, 1908, by the first Polish bishop of America, Rt. Rev. Paul Rhode, of Chicago, and this was his first public function. While at St. Mary Magdalene parish, East Toledo, Father Redmer was in charge of a very unique congregation, for eight nationalities and two rites (Greek and Roman) composed this parish. The pastor was compelled to deliver four sermons in four different languages every Sunday. Father Redmer is able to preach without accent and with all necessary fluency in English, German and French, just as well as in Polish. The Polish people of St. Hyacinth are classed as the very best in Cleveland by Father Redmer, who loves his people and takes every opportunity to praise them. THOMAS B. VAN DORN. Cleveland, a center of the iron industry, numbers among its citizenship men who have displayed notable business ability and initiative spirit in the conduct of business enterprises of this character, and the list includes the name of Thomas B. Van Dorn, the vice president of the Van Dorn Iron Works Company, of which his father, James H. Van Dorn, is the president. The son was born in Akron, in 1873. The family removed to Cleveland in 1876 and he attended the common schools, his promotion through successive grades eventually making him a student in the Central high school, from which he was graduated with the class of 1888. In the fall of the same year he entered Cornell University, where he pursued a four years' special course in civil engineering and won the degree of C. E. upon his graduation in 1892. Believing that he might benefit by experience received in the employ of some one besides his father, he at once 634 - HISTORY OF CLEVELAND sought and obtained a position as draughtsman with the Berlin Bridge Company of East Berlin, Connecticut, and remained in that position for three years. Returning to Cleveland in 1895, Mr. Van Dorn entered his father's employ as draughtsman and was given charge of the structural iron department. He bent every energy to the task of thoroughly familiarizing himself with the business and his increased capabilities and powers led to his election by the board of directors to the vice presidency of the Van Dorn Iron Porks Company in 1900. He is also a director of the Van Dorn & Dutton Company and in these connections is doing much to sustain the honorable and enviable reputation which has always attached to the family name in Cleveland. Mr. Van Dorn was married to Miss Martha Early, of this city, and they have four children, namely : Pinnefred, aged fourteen years ; Isabelle, eleven years ; Martha, eight years ; and James T., five years of age. Mr. Van Dorn is a member of the Lakewood Yacht Club and enthusiastically enjoys the sport which caused the organization of that club. WALTER J. HAMILTON. Walter J. Hamilton, a Cleveland attorney engaged in the general practice of law as senior partner of the firm of Hamilton & Smith, represents one of the oldest families of Cuyahoga county, established here in 1801. The first American ancestor came to this country in the middle of the seventeenth century. Justus Hamilton, the grandfather of W. J. Hamilton, was born in Massachusetts in 1792 and through an active business life gave his attention to farming. For many years he served as justice of the peace at Newburg, Ohio, now a part of Cleveland, whither members of the family had removed from Pelham and Chesterfield, Massachusetts. Justus Hamilton and his father, Robert Hamilton, arrived in Ohio in 1801, settling in the Western Reserve. The state had not yet been admitted to the Union and was a vast and almost unbroken wilderness, within whose domains the white settlers had hardly penetrated. Since that time members of the Hamilton family have borne an active and helpful part as the work of civilization has been carried forward. Judge Edwin T. Hamilton, the father of Walter J. Hamilton, was born in Cuyahoga county, July 13, 1830, and was graduated from Meadville College of Pennsylvania in 1851. Having prepared for the bar in a law office in Cleveland he was first admitted to practice in the courts of Ohio and afterward went to Iowa, where he practiced for about a year and a half and then returned to Cleveland. His record is one which reflects credit and honor upon the judicial history of the state. For twenty years he was judge of the common pleas court of Cleveland, during which time he was re-elected on four occasions. He went upon the bench in 1875 and retired two decades later, after which he practiced for ten years in connection with his son, Palter J. Hafnilton. His course on the bench was distinguished by a masterful grasp of every problem presented for solution and his opinions were based upon a comprehensive knowledge of the law and the equity of the case. That his decisions were fair and impartial finds incontrovertible proof in the fact that he was four times chosen to serve on the common pleas bench. On the 10th of February, 1863, he wedded Mary E. Jones, a daughter of John and Mary (Mason) Jones of Cleveland, and they became parents of a son and daughter, Walter J. and Florence A. At the time of the Civil war Judge Hamilton served for four months at the front, but then returned home, where he was greatly needed, owing to the fact that all of his brothers were doing duty in the field and someone was needed to look after the interests of those who were left behind. He lived to the ripe old age of seventy- five years and passed away April 2, 1905, honored by all who knew him. HISTORY OF CLEVELAND - 637 Walter J. Hamilton was born April 14, 1865, in that part of Cleveland which was once the town of Newburg, and in the public schools continued his education until he had completed the course in the Central high school, after which he pursued his college work in the University of Michigan until he was graduated with the Bachelor of Philosophy degree in 1888. The two succeeding years were devoted to the study of law in Cornell College, which in 1890 conferred upon him the degrees of Bachelor of Law and Master of Philosophy. He began practice in Cleveland and for a time was alone, after which he became associated with Judge Ong, Following his father's retirement from the bench the law firm of Hamilton, Hamilton & Smith was formed and since the death of the senior partner the association has been maintained under the firm style of Hamilton & Smith. They engage in the general practice of law and have a good clientage, which makes full demand upon their time and energies and requires the careful work of the office that must always precede the clear and strong presentation of the case in the courts. On the 16th of April, 1893, Walter J. Hamilton was married to Miss Jennie E. Adams, a daughter of Edgar and Mary J. (Elliott) Adams of Cleveland. They have four children : Dorothy A., Gladys E., Edwin T. and Margaret B. Mr. Hamilton belongs to Phi Kappa Psi, a college fraternity, and to the Cleveland Bar Association.. He is a worthy representative of a well known pioneer family and his record reflects credit upon a name that has stood for progressive citizenship and the practical upbuilding and improvement of this section of the state through more than a century. CHARLES TWING BROOKS. Charles T. Brooks, a member of the Cleveland bar, now with the law firm of Squire, Sanders & Dempsey, was born in Salem, Ohio, March 29, 1867. His paternal grandfather, Joseph J. Brooks, was born in Montpelier, Vermont, April 28, 1808, and died March 26, 1862. He came to Ohio in 1835. He had studied law in Vermont with William Upham and for a few years engaged in the practice of his profession in that state. He then became a resident of New Lisbon, Ohio, and afterward of Salem, Ohio, and won a place among the prominent lawyers there. He also extended his activities to other important fields and was the president of the Farmers National Bank, of Salem, and the first treasurer of the Pittsburg, Fort Payne & Chicago Railway. J. Twing Brooks, the father of Charles T. Brooks, was born in Salem, Ohio, October 27, 1840. He, too, became an attorney and practiced law in Salem. In 1861 he was elected president of the Farmers National Bank of Salem and continued as the incumbent in that position until his demise. His admission to the bar occurred in 1865 and in the following year he was appointed solicitor for the Pittsburg, Fort Wayne & Chicago Railway Company. He was general counsel from 1877 until 1891 for the Pennsylvania Company and became its second vice president, which position he filled until his death. During that time his business interests centered in Pittsburg, although he made his h0me in Salem, Ohio. He represented his district in the state legislature from 1865 until 1867. He was elected to the state senate as a republican from the district which comprised Columbiana and Jefferson counties, and was reelected in 1867, so that he served for four years. His political allegiance was usually unfalteringly given to the republican party, but when Grover Cleveland announced his tariff principles Mr. Brooks was in accord with them and supported Mr. Cleveland. Phen Bryan was nominated, however, he returned to the republican party and was a stanch advocate of the McKinley cause. After the election of Mr. McKinley he expressed his appreciation of Mr. Brooks' work in the campaign. 638 - HISTORY OF CLEVELAND In early manhood Mr. Brooks had entered Yale University, in 1857, but was obliged to give up his studies there in April, 1858, on account of failing eyesight. In 1860 he returned to Yale, hoping to complete his course, but was obliged to leave on account of the death of his father. Notwithstanding his education was thus interrupted, he became a man of pronounced ability and of wide influence. He was recognized as a master in railway affairs and did important work in reorganizing the Pennsylvania system. His labors throughout his entire life were of far-reaching effect and of beneficial influence and he stood as one of the distinguished men of Ohio in his day. He was married September 7, 1865, to Miss Annie Patterson Miller, a daughter of David and Elizabeth Miller. She was born in Brownsville, Pennsylvania, in 1838, and is still living in Salem. The ancestry of Charles T. Brooks in the maternal line was represented by soldiers in the Revolutionary war, while two of the maternal uncles of Mr. Brooks, Captain Amos Miller and Emmor Miller, lost their lives in the Civil war. The former enlisted from Iowa, was given command of a company and went with General Banks up the Red river, being killed on that expedition. Emmor Miller was in Andersonville prison and died because of deprivations while thus incarcerated soon after making his escape. In the family of J. Twing and Annie (Miller) Brooks there were one son and three daughters, the sisters of our subject being: Elizabeth M., the wife of Frederick J. Emeny, a resident of Salem, where he is engaged in the manufacture of hand and power pumps ; Judith Twing; and Mary Augusta, the wife of George H. Bowman, of the George H. Bowman Company, extensive dealers in chinaware. After spending a year in the high school of Salem, Charles Twing Brooks devoted two years to study in the Adams Academy, a preparatory school at Quincy, Massachusetts. He then matriculated in Yale University and was graduated B. A. in 1889. Returning to Salem, he took up the study of law and later was graduated from the Harvard Law School with the Bachelor of Law degree in 1894. In the spring of the same year he was admitted to the Ohio bar and later in that year came to Cleveland and has since been associated with the firm of Squire, Sanders & Dempsey in a general practice, which gives scope for his ability in his chosen field of labor. While he chose the practice of law as his real life work, he has also extended his efforts to other fields and is now the president of the Hurd Coal & Iron Company, of Cleveland, and a director of several corporations, including the Allegheny Coal Company. He is likewise interested in various other enterprises and different lines of business, both in Salem and Cleveland. Mr. Brooks is a republican in politics and belongs to the Delta Kappa Epsilon and the Scroll and Keys, secret societies of Yale. He is also connected with the Union, University, Tavern and Country Clubs of Cleveland, the University Club of New York city and the Nisi Prius Club of Cleveland. He is likewise a member of the Young Men's Republican Club, which is an indication of his interest in politics, although he does not seek nor desire political preferment. EDWARD A. NOLL. Edward A. Noll, who is the president of the National Tool Company of Cleveland, a concern which during the four years of its existence has proved its right to be numbered among the prosperous business houses of this city, was born in Cumberland, Maryland, May 19, 1867. His father, Henry Noll, was a native of the German fatherland and came to America about 1840. His mother, who in her maidenhood was Miss Elizabeth Sherrmesser, was born in Saxony, Germany, and like her husband has passed away. Edward A. Noll attended the public schools of Cleveland, but left his lessons at the age of fourteen, to go to work as an office boy at the Young Men's Chris- HISTORY OF CLEVELAND - 641 tion Association, obtaining wages of one dollar and a half a week. A year later he became an apprentice with Warner & Swasey, working in their machine shop and becoming a machinist and tool maker. In 1887 he found employment with the National Tube Porks, at McKeesport, Pennsylvania. At the end of two years he returned t0 Cleveland and went to work for the Cleveland Rubber Company, remaining with them for about four years, and later becoming associated for the next six months with the Cleveland Automatic Machine Company. In 1892 he secured a position as foreman with the Standard Tool Company, with whom he was connected until 1905 when he organized the National Tool Company. When the firm was incorporated he was made its president and has since held that position. Through years of experience he has been well fitted to discharge the duties which devolve upon him and is able to guide the business along successful channels and make it a profitable investment for his capital and labor. In 1902 Mr. Noll was united in marriage to Miss Lulu M. Miller, a daughter of Leonard and Katherine (Faust) Miller, of Cleveland. They have one son, Edward L., who is now seven years of age. For the past fifteen years Mr. Noll has held membership in National Lodge, K. P., and has been closely connected with the work of his fraternal brethren. There is also an interesting military chapter in the life history of Mr. Noll, who is widely and prominently known among those who wear the uniform that indicates military service and unfaltering loyalty. to the country. On the 16th of June, 1889, he became a member of Company F, Fifth Infantry, Ohio National Guard, and on the first anniversary of his enlistment was appointed corporal. On the 10th of June, 1891, he became sergeant and was transferred to Company K, August 10, 1892. Further promotion made him second lieutenant on the 10th of December, 1894, and captain on the 14th of July, 1897. He served in the war with Spain as captain of Company K, Fifth Ohio Volunteer Infantry, from May 11, 1898, until the 5th of November following, when he was mustered out of the United States service. He continued, however, with the Ohio National Guard until June 18, 1900, when he resigned and was honored by being placed on the retired list June 18, 1900. In the previous January he had been elected major of the Fifth Regiment, but on account of resigning from military service retired as ranking captain of the regiment. A man of conspicuous industry, he has ever directed it well and to good purpose, and adhering to upright and honorable principles has attained to a position of respect among the men who have come to know him. P. C. DAVIS. Plym C. Davis, contract manager of the Cuyahoga Telephone Company, is one of the enterprising men of Cleveland, who has spent his life in one line of business and worked his way steadily up from small beginnings. He was born in Hiram, Ohio, May 30, 1869, a son of Joseph C. and Mary Augusta Davis. He attended the public schools until he was eighteen years old and then attended Hiram College for two years. For several years he was in the employ of the Erie Railroad as telegrapher and later became agent for it and filled this position for eight years. In 1897 he began working for the Cuyahoga Telephone Company as wireman helper and was rapidly advanced to storekeeper, claim agent, then purchasing agent and was finally made contract manager. He is eminently fitted for this responsible position and understands every detail of the work. On January 11, 1892, Mr. Davis was married at Garrettsville, Ohio, to Miss Florence M. Daniels, and they have two children : Seward E., sixteen years old, attending the public schools ; and Frances Augusta. The family residence is at No. 29 Fay street, East Cleveland. 642 - HISTORY OF CLEVELAND Mr. Davis is a man who has always been interested in fraternal organizations, being a thirty-second degree Mason, and is present master of the Brenton B. Babcock Lodge, No. 600, of which he was one of the organizers. He is a charter member of McKinley Chapter, No. 181; of Coeur-de-Lion Commandery, of which he is the present warder ; is a member of Cleveland Council, No. 36, and belongs to Eliadah Lodge of Perfection, Scottish Rite; of the Bahurim Council, Princes of Jerusalem; Ariel Chapter, S. P. R. C.; Lake Erie Consistory, S. P. R. C.; of the Woodland Chapter No. 138, O. E. S. He is a member of the Cleveland Commercial Travelers Association and is a representative for the Cuyahoga Telephone Company in the Credit Men's Association. Politically, he is a republican. Mr. Davis is one of the thoroughly progressive men of Cleveland who exercises good judgment in his business relations, lends his influence to advance the interests of his community and supports with his time and money the orders with which he is connected, believing them to be important factors in the betterment of humanity in general. FRANK EDWARD CUDELL. Frank Edward Cudell, to whom architecture has been occupation, science and art, all three entering into the accomplishment of the splendid results which have been achieved through his efforts, and whose labors at different times have been of marked value in the preservation and in the promotion of the city's natural beauty and in its adornment, is now practically living retired, although he remains a student of his profession and his views thereon are a stimulus in many works of public improvement architecturally. He was born at Herzogenrath, near Aix-la-Chapelle, Germany, May I 1, 1844. a son of Dr. Carl and Louise (Krauthausen) Cudell. He studied architecture in Aix-la-Chapelle and left Germany in the latter part of April, 1866, to visit New York. He remained in the eastern metropolis until 1867, being employed in the office of Leopold Eidlitz, an architect, after which he came to Cleveland, which has since been the city of his residence. After being employed in Cleveland for four years by local architects, he entered upon an independent venture, opening an office of his own in 1871. Before the close of that year he formed a partnership with J. N. Richardson under the firm name of Cudell & Richardson. The principal buildings planned by Mr. Cudell during the partnership are the Perry-Payne, the Beckmann, the McBride Brothers, the Jewish Orphan Asylum, the Educational Alliance, the Haltnorth, the Masonic Temple, St. Joseph's church and St. Stephen's church. In 1890 Mr. Cudell turned his interest in the business over to his partner, Mr. Richardson, because of his delicate health and of the large amount of other work which engaged his attention. In 1878 he invented a ball sewer gas trap, the manufacture of which in its different forms and the casting of the lead and hard white metal has for years taken a large part of his time. It is an industry for which all tools must be specially made and all workmen specially trained. He has greatly increased the number of articles which he manufactures and his products sell in many states of the Union. At the time Mr. Cudell withdrew from the profession f0r which he qualified in early manhood he was engaged in laying out Mueller avenue and Cudell street through the land that formerly constituted the old homestead of Jacob Mueller, his wife's father. The former thor0ughfare is now called West One Hundredth street. During the eight years' administration of Mayor Johnson he took considerable interest in matters pertaining to public building. Noticing that public improvements were often made to please the few and other times in unfit ways, he determined to block such enterprises when possible. His efforts resulted in keeping Detroit avenue at the railroad crossing straight instead of having it curved southward twice as planned by the city engineer to save a fill. He also HISTORY OF CLEVELAND - 645 prevented an auditorium being established at the west side market house. The unnatural union of the two had been planned by the neighboring merchants to draw additional crowds between market days. The erection of a Kossuth monument in the public square was also prevented through his interference, not because Mr. Cudell was opposed to a Kossuth monument. It was the ill chosen site (the general meeting place of the citizens) for the erection of a monument to an entirely foreign patriot he objected to. He has taken great interest in the grouping of Cleveland's new public buildings. In 1903 he offered gratis to the city a plan, which was the result of much study and devotion to the project. After thorough consideration his plan was adopted but later, through unfair means, was dropped. His plan at once recognized the utilitarian as well as the artistic and would have given Cleveland a group of public buildings unsurpassed in any similar district of the world. If the present plan is carried out Mr. Cudell says millions of dollars will be wasted and the very end for which the city is building will not be accomplished. Mr. Cudell, therefore, is now working for a revision of this plan, which will give a public building district in the form of a cross with a broad mall and park way, around which will be grouped with due recognition of architecture and of art the different public buildings. He has done important work for the adornment of his immediate neighborhood by preventing the curving of Detroit avenue and by presenting to the city the Detroit avenue frontage from Pest boulevard to West One Hundredth street for park purposes. Recently he has leased his Pest boulevard property opposite the Emma and F. E. Cudell buildings for park purposes to the city. This lease is to continue twenty-five years, at the end of which time the land will become the property of the city on payment of one dollar. These different sections of park are designated as the Cudell park group. There is nothing of the theorist in Mr. Cudell. He is not only intensely practical but understands perfectly the possibilities to be obtained and not only meets the exigencies of the moment but foresees the possibilities of the future. JESSE K. BRAINERD. Jesse K. Brainerd, who though now living retired maintains financial connection with a number of important manufacturing and industrial enterprises of Cleveland, has passed the eighty-seventh milestone on life's journey. With him perseverance, diligence and integrity have constituted the guiding posts of life, directing him to the honored position which he now occupies in the opinion of his fellow citizens, among whom he has long lived and labored. There are few residents of Cleveland who have more intimate knowledge of the city and its gradual growth and development than Mr. Brainerd, who was born in that section of the city that was formerly Brooklyn, Ohio, on the 17th of August, 1822. His parents were Cephas and Lydia (Edwards) Brainerd, both of whom were native residents of America and well known pioneer settlers of Cuyahoga county. Spending his youthful days in his parents' home, when Cleveland was but a village, its busines district extending along the river, while its residence section covered but a small area, Jesse K. Brainerd pursued his education in the public schools and was graduated from the high school about 1839. He afterward engaged in teaching for four years, but thinking to find other pursuits more profitable and congenial, he turned his attention to agriculture, operating his father's farm for some time. He then established a general store in Independence, Ohio, conducting it for four years, after which he returned to his father's farm, remaining thereon until the death of his parents. His next step in the business world connected him with the oil business, following which he gave his attention to real-estate interests, which he handled for some time. Subsequently he became connected with the National Screw & Tack Company, in which he is still finan- 646 - HISTORY OF CLEVELAND cially interested. His keen business judgment and foresight have prompted his investment in other important industrial and manufacturing concerns, among which are the National Acme Manufacturing Company and the Cleveland Bolt Manufacturing Company. These are important concerns, a fact which indicates the wisdom of his judgment in becoming financially interested therein. He has likewise made judicious investments in real estate, owning considerable property in Cleveland, including the residence which he now occupies. On the 24th of September, 1845, Mr. Brainerd was united in marriage to Miss Malina A. Sacket, and six children came to bless their union, two of whom, Lydia and Ann, and one unnamed, passed away in infancy. The others are : Frances Josephine, who is the widow of Lafayette Gates ; Eva Malina, the wife of Erwin Stimson ; and Charles Pesley, who is also married. All are residents of Cleveland. Mr. and Mrs. Brainerd have seven grandchildren and four great- grandchildren. Mr. Brainerd has no fraternal or club relations but is a devoted member of the Methodist Episcopal church and a stalwart supporter of the republican party in politics, being identified with that party since its organization. He is a representative of that class of citizens whose lives are conspicuous for ability, force of character, integrity and generous aims, and throughout his entire life he has been recognized as one of the men whose character gives a ringing response to every test. LEWIS C. HOPP. Lewis C. Hopp, president of The Mayell & Hopp Company, a wholesale and retail drug firm, has throughout his entire life been identified with this line of trade, his record being marked by an orderly progression, the steps of which are easily discernible. He was born in Cleveland, September 27, 1856, and pursued his education in the public schools while spending his boyhood days in the home of his parents, Morris and Dorothy T. Hopp. His education completed, he crossed the threshold of business life as an employe in the drug store of Alfred Mayell at the corner of Euclid avenue and Erie street. His duties included the service of porter, clerk and salesman and incidentally he picked up considerable knowledge concerning the properties of drugs as well as of their manufacture. In 1873, in order to thoroughly equip himself for the drug business, he entered the Philadelphia College of Pharmacy, from which he was graduated with the class of 1875. That he had applied himself diligently to the mastery of the branches that constitute the curriculum is indicated in the fact that his scholarship was the highest in a class of one hundred. Although he had many advantageous offers from New York and Chicago drug houses, he returned to his old company in Cleveland, remaining in the employ of Mr. Mayell until 1881, when he was admitted to a partnership under the firm style of A. Mayell & Company. In 1890 the name was changed to The Mayell & Hopp Company, in which form it has been continued to the present. In 1896 Mr. Hopp succeeded to the presidency, being now the chief executive officer in a business which he entered in the most humble capacity. The company enjoys an extensive patronage and is the owner of two stores, one at No. 1104 Euclid avenue and the other at No. 10512 Euclid avenue. In both establishments a large line of drugs and druggists' sundries are carried, the company handling only those of highest grade, while the business methods of the house are such as to insure the continuance 0f a gratifying and gr0wing trade. Mr. Hopp has figured prominently in drug circles of the state for many years. In 1879 he set on foot the movement for organizing a state pharmaceutical society, served as its secretary for a quarter of a century and for one year was its HISTORY OF CLEVELAND - 647 president. He also belongs to the American Pharmaceutical Association, of which he was vice president, while later he was chosen to the presidency. In 1879 he went to Philadelphia, having been chosen to deliver the closing address to the members of the College Society of Pharmacy. He has likewise been the first vice president of the National Association of Retail Druggists and these connections have brought him a wide acquaintance among the representatives of the trade throughout the country. Aside from those organizations which have to do with the specific field of his business Mr. Hopp is connected with the Masonic fraternity, belonging to the lodge, chapter, council and commandery and also to Al Koran Temple of the Mystic Shrine. His political allegiance is given to the republican party and he manifests the interest of a public-spirited citizen in all questions of vital moment to the state and nation, Pleasantly situated in his home life, he was married to Miss Martha L. Adomelt, a daughter of the Rev. F. P. Adomelt, of Cleveland, and they now have two children, Erma and Erena. EMIL C. PRYER. Emil C. Pryer, who in an active business life gained his income largely from the growing of grapes, is now living retired at No. 14287 Superior avenue in Cleveland Heights. He is a native son of Germany, his birth having there occurred March 26, 1850. He came to America with his parents when five years of age, the family home being established in Canton, Ohio, and in 1864, when a youth of fourteen, he arrived in Cleveland. Soon afterward he became engaged in the raising of fruit but after a short time turned his attention to the wine business. Following his father's death he devoted his energies to the cultivation of grapes, continuing in business with constantly growing success until his retirement in 1907. Throughout the years he made a close study of the best methods of cultivating the vine, was thoroughly conversant with the nature of the soil and the kind of grapes that could be best produced under the climatic conditions of Ohio, and his broad experience and study enabled him to speak with authority upon the subject of grape culture. On the 26th of March, 1878, Mr. Pryer was married to Miss Eliza Oehm, and they have four children : Stella, the wife of Albert Beck ; Laurena, May and Alvin, all at home. The family attend the Presbyterian church and are well known socially in the section of the city where they reside. Mr. Pryer owns the comfortable home which they occupy and also has other property interests. His political allegiance has long been given to the democracy but he has had no ambition for office, preferring during his active life to concentrate his time and energies upon his business, which brought him substantial success, making him one of the men of affluence in Cleveland Heights. WILLIAM G. FIELD. William G. Field, secretary and manager of the Norris Lumber Company, conies of good, solid German stock and inherits from his parents many of those sterling traits of character which make the sons of the fatherland so successful wherever found. Mr. Field was born in Cleveland, Ohio, March 6, 1873, being a son of Philip and Margaret Field, the former of whom was born in Weinheim, Baden, Germany, August 19, 1841. When only ten years old he came to Cleveland with his parents, locating on a farm in the vicinity. He served during the Civil war, being honorably discharged at Camp Dennison, Ohio, July 24, 1865. Later he was foreman in the freight depot of the Lake Shore & Michi- 648 - HISTORY OF CLEVELAND gan Southern Railway Company, but finally returned to agricultural pursuits and engaged in farming until March, 1908, at which time he retired from business and now makes his home with his son, Mrs. Field having died several years ago. William G. Field attended the public schools of Cleveland until thirteen years old and at that early age became a clerk for Woods, Jenks & Company, remaining thus for eleven years. During this period the partnership, name of firm, and the management changed several times, but Mr. Field retained his position until he became engaged with Ralph Gray in the lumber business, with whom he was identified for three years. On the expiration of that period he became traveling representative for the Nicola Brothers Company of Pittsburg, Pennsylvania. After a year with them he went back to Ralph Gray and spent five more years with that gentleman. His next business associations were with the Norris Lumber Company, first as salesman and then as cashier, while in January, 1909, the appreciation of his valuable services was demonstrated in his election as secretary and manager. Mr. Field has done much to advance the scope of his company and its interests are first with him. On December 31, 1904, in Cleveland, Mr. Field was married to Miss Lillian Marie Schneeberger and they reside at 1488 Robinwood avenue. He is a member of several clubs, and is of Protestant faith. The environments of his boyhood were favorable to the development of the business ability he had inherited from a long line of sturdy, hard-working ancestors, and his success may be largely traced to the fact that from childhood he has depended upon his own exertions for a livelihood. JOHN MILLER WILCOX. John Miller Wilcox was a son of Stephen Miller and Margaret (Coates) Wilcox. The Wilcox family came from England and was established in Westerly, Rhode Island, in 1630, at the time of the great Pilgrim immigration. The New England Genealogical Record and the General Directory of Rhode Island show that in 1680 the family was engaged in trade in Narragansett, and owned land in Kingston, Rhode Island. In 1816, Josiah Lcox, a Revolutionary soldier, came with his three sons to the Western Reserve and settled in Brecksville. One son, Ambrose, married Ellinore Jenkins, and the fourth child, born to them in Brecksville in 1818, was Stephen Miller Wilcox, who married Margaret Coates in 1840. He was a man possessed of sterling worth and integrity of character, was early associated with the free-soil and later with the republican party, was an enthusiastic supporter of the anti-slavery movement, and his home was for many years one of the depots of the "underground railway." He was deeply interested in the political issues of his day. He was engaged in raising and dealing in cattle and in managing his farm, which only recently passed out of the family possession, having belonged to them nearly one hundred years. Margaret Coates came with her parents from Geneseo, New York, to Royalton, Ohio, when two years old. The advantages for an education in those days were limited but, being endowed with an exceedingly fine mind, she improved every opportunity afforded for study. She taught school before her marriage, was fond of books, had a discriminating taste in reading, was ambitious for her children and inspired them with high ideals of life. She was a woman of strong character and her influence was always for the right. She was descended from English ancestry. Her grandfather, John Coates, was a well educated, fox hunting, horse-racing, well-to-do Yorkshire farmer with strong republican tendencies, and his bitter denunciation of the desperate measures adopted by England toward the American colonies led to a certain social ostracism. It is said that at a Yorkshire dinner he proposed a toast to Washington, and was so bitterly