(RETURN TO THE TITLE PAGE) BIOGRAPHICAL GENERAL JAMES BARNETT. An enumeration of those men of the present generation who have won honor and public recognition for themselves and at the same time have honored the state to which they belong would be incomplete were there failure to make prominent reference to the one whose 'name initiates this paragraph. He holds distinctive precedence as a leading banker and merchant of Cleveland and as a valiant and patriotic soldier, who in every relation of life has borne himself with such signal dignity and honor as to gain him the respect of all. He has been and is distinctively a man of affairs and one who has yielded a wide influence. At the present time his relation to the public life of the city is that of director of the First National Bank and of president of the extensive hardware business conducted under the name of The George Worthington Company. General Barnett was born June 20, 1821, at Cherry Valley, New York. His father, Melancthon Barnett, was born in Amenia, Dutchess county, New York, in 1789, and when six years of age was taken, with others of the family, to Oneida county, New York, where he remained until 1812. He then located at New Hartford, near Utica, New York, where for two years he was engaged as a clerk in a general store. From there he went to Cherry Valley, Otsego county, where he followed merchandising in connection with a partner until 1825. In the latter year he removed with his family to Cleveland to accept a clerkship in a store just opened by a Mr. May. Later he was admitted to a partnership under the firm style of May & Barnett, which existed until 1834, when they closed out their mercantile interests and began dealing in real-estate, continuing in that line very successfully for many years. In 1844 Mr. Barnett was elected a member of the city council and the same year was elected treasurer of Cuyahoga county and proved himself to be a most capable and scrupulously honest official. He was elected in 1846 and again in 1848. The duties not occupying his entire time, he also filled the office of justice of peace and conducted his real-estate transactions. Almost immediately after leaving the office of county treasurer he was elected a director of the City Bank and from that time until his death took a prominent part in the affairs of that institution. He was one of the best known citizens of Cleveland in his day. Plain in manner, he made no pretense at display and detested sham and trickery. The wisdom of his counsel in business circles was highly regarded. A man of wonderful vitality and vigor, he lived to the advanced age of more than ninety-two years and at his death was as active as most men twenty years his junior. His death occurred July 1, 1881. At Cherry Valley, New York, on the 18th of May, 1815, he had married Miss Mary Clark, a daughter of Captain Clark, who participated in the battle of Bunker Hill and other engagements of the Revolutionary war, so that General Barnett came to his membership with the Sons of the American Revolution. The death of Mrs. Mary Barnett occurred April 21, 1840. By her marriage she became the mother of five children : William Augustus, Martha, Melancthon, Mary and James, but only William A. and James lived to adult age. 6 - HISTORY OF CLEVELAND The youthful days of General Barnett were spent in Cleveland, which at the time of his arrival contained a population of about seven hundred. He was then four years of age. In due course of time he entered the public schools, where he pursued his education, and when he put aside his text-books his activities and energies were directed to the accomplishment of such tasks as were assigned him in the hardware store of Potter & Clark, where he was employed for three years. On the expiration of that period he entered the employ of George Worthington, owner of a hardware store of this city, and through gradual stages of promotion worked his way upward until he was admitted to a partnership under the firm style of George Worthington & Company. The business grew and expanded with the growth of the city and he was elected president after the incorporation a few years ago. The death of Mr. Worthington made him senior partner of the firm, of which he is now president. His military record forms an interesting chapter in his history and he is today one of the oldest representatives of the militia. Having become a member of the Cleveland Grays, he was detailed to artillery service in the gun squad of the company in 1839 and served in that capacity until the formation of the Cleveland Light Artillery. He was promoted from time to time until, in 1859, he was commissioned colonel of the regiment. The previous year he had been appointed division inspector of the Fourth Division, Ohio Volunteer Militia. Five days after the fall of Fort Sumter the order came from Governor Dennison : "Report with your six guns, horses, caissons at Columbus ; you to retain colonel's rank." Colonel Barnett lost no time in obeying the command and with his troops went to Marietta, Ohio, remaining at the post there until May, when they were ordered to West Virginia and participated in the battle of Philippi, June 3, 1861, their guns firing the first artillery shots on the Union side in the great Civil war. A contemporary biographer, in speaking of General Barnett's service in defense of the Union, said : "He and his men were at Laurel Hill, June 7th, through the West Virginia campaign July 6th to 17th, which included Belington, July 8th, Carrick's Ford, July 13th and 14th, and the pursuit of Garnett's forces July 15th and 16th. The three months' term of service having expired, the command was ordered to Columbus, Ohio, for muster out late in July. Upon returning to Cleveland the command was received with highest honors and the city council unanimously tendered General Barnett and his men a testimonial vote of thanks for their gallant services. "In August, 1861, General Barnett was commissioned by Governor Dennison to raise a regiment of light artillery, twelve batteries of six guns each, and he at once began the work of recruiting and equipping. Upon the organization of the regiment he was commissioned its colonel, September 3, 1861. He reported to General Buell, commanding the Army of the Ohio at Louisville, with four batteries, in January, 1862, and was assigned to the command of the Artillery Reserve, Army of the Ohio. He participated in the movement to Nashville, Tennessee, February 17, 1862, and in the occupation of that city a month later. He was at Duck River, March 16th to 21st, and was thence sent to Savannah, Tennessee, to reinforce the Army of the Tennessee. With his command he was engaged in the terrific battle of Shiloh, April 6th and 7th, and participated in the siege and occupation of Corinth. He then marched his command to Tuscumbia, Florence and Huntsville, Alabama, in June, 1862. "On July 18, 1862, General Barnett was ordered to Ohio to recruit men for the batteries, which had become much depleted. Returning with four hundred and four recruits, he was assigned to the staff of General C. C. Gilbert, commanding the Third Corps, Army of the Ohio, as chief of artillery. He was engaged in the pursuit of Bragg to Crab Orchard, Kentucky, October 1st to 15th, and in the battle of Perryville. After this battle he was appointed chief of artillery on the staff of General A. McD. McCook, commanding the right wing, Fourteenth Army Corps, Army of the Cumberland, until assigned to duty as chief of artillery, Army of the Cumberland, November 24, 1862. He then participated in HISTORY OF CLEVELAND - 7 the Murfreesboro campaign, serving also as chief of ordinance, and was in the great battle of Stone River, December 28th to 3oth, and of Murfreesboro, December 31, 1862, and January 1st, 2d and 3d, 1863. Then came the Tullahoma campaign, the Chattanooga campaign, the battles of Chattanooga, Orchard Knob, and Missionary Ridge, in all of which General Barnett served with bravery and distinction. For his gallant and efficient conduct in these actions he received special commendation from General Rosecrans. General Thomas, General Rose- crans' successor, also held him in high esteem and placed implicit confidence in his military skill, judgment and bravery. "At the close of these operations he was assigned to the command of the Reserve Artillery, Army of the Cumberland, requiring organization. He organized two divisions and was engaged in this duty at Nashville until mustered out of service October 20, 1864. He then became a volunteer aid-de-camp to General George H. Thomas and participated in the battle of Nashville in November and December of that year. On March 13, 1865, he was brevetted brigadier general ‘for gallant and meritorious service during the war.' When General Barnett returned home he again became an active partner in the hardware house of George Worthington & Company and contributed largely to its success through his capable management and unflagging industry. This remains as one of the oldest and most important commercial enterprises of the city and his name was therefore a prominent factor in the wholesale hardware trade here. His resourceful ability also enabled him to carry his efforts into other fields, so that he became prominently connected with iron manufacturing interests and also with banking. In 1872 he was elected a director of the First National Bank and in January, 1876, was chosen to the presidency of that important financial institution, which position he retained until May, 1905, when the bank was reorganized and he withdrew, continuing as a director. In May, 1882, he became a member of the board of directors of the Merchants National Bank. He was also identified with railway interests, having in March, 1875, been elected a director of the Cleveland, Columbus, Cincinnati & Indianapolis Railway Company. He was also a director of the Cleveland Iron Mining Company until a few years ago. He is now vice president of the Society for Savings ; president of the Gar- field National Memorial Association ; and a director of the National Commercial Bank, upon consolidation with the Merchants National Bank, and of the Guar- dian Savings & Trust Company. On the 12th of June, 1845, General Barnett was united in marriage to Miss Maria H. Underhill, a daughter of Dr. Samuel Underhill, of Granville, Illinois, and they became parents of five daughters, three of whom are now living: Mary B., the wife of Major Thomas Goodwillie, by whom she had three children ; Laura, the wife of Charles J. Sheffield, and the mother of one son ; and Carrie M., the wife of Alexander Brown, vice president of the Brown Hoisting Company, by whom she has a son and a daughter. No citizen has ever lived in Cleveland of whom every one speaks so highly as they do of General Barnett who is often referred to as "the grand old man of Cleveland." He is most democratic in spirit. Kind hearted and sympathetic, his aid has never been denied to a worthy charity. During all the years of his resi- dence in Cleveland he has taken an active and helpful interest in the various meas- ures of public moment. On the 1st of May, 1865, he was appointed by Governor R. B. Hayes one of the police commissioners. He was also appointed one of the early directors of the Soldiers & Sailors Orphans Home established at Xenia, Ohio, and upon the reorganization of the board he was reappointed one of the trustees by the governor in 1870. From Governor Allen he received appointment to the directorate of the Cleveland Asylum for the Insane and was one of the trustees of that institution for seven years. He has held few elective political offices, yet in March, 1878, was chosen by popular suffrage as a member of the city council and served for two years. In 1880 he was a delegate to the republican national convention in Chicago, when General James A. Garfield was nominated 8 - HISTORY OF CLEVELAND for the presidency. They had been friends from boyhood and had served together on General Rosecrans' staff. In 1900 he was delegate to the National Convention at Philadelphia when McKinley was renominated for president. In 1881, by a joint resolution of congress, General Barnett was made a member of the board of managers of the National Homes for Disabled Volunteer Soldiers and so served until the 21st of April, 1884. His interest in military affairs has neved ceased and since its organization he has been a member of the Grand Army of the Republic and also of the Military Order of the Loyal Legion since its establishment in Ohio. He was a member of the monument committee and of its executive committee for the Cuyahoga county soldiers' and sailors' monument and so served until its completion. Various municipal interests have benefitted by his cooperation and his influence. For many years he has been president of the Associated Charities and , also of the Cleveland Humane Society. There is only one other living of the original trustees of the Case Library and General Barnett has served continuously since its establishment. He is one of the trustees of the Western Reserve Historical Society and has cooperated in every movement that he has deemed essential to the welfare of his city or the promotion of its interests along lines of material, political and moral progress. He is a member of the Chamber of Commerce and of the Union Club. A strong mentality, an invincible courage and a most determined individuality have so entered into his makeup as to render him a natural leader of men and a director of public opinion and while he has now passed the eighty-eighth milestone on life's journey, he still retains a deep interest in public affairs and keeps well informed on all important questions of the day. With a business career extending over more than seventy years his record is without blemish. The simplicity of his manner, his honorable life and his high type of citizenship cannot be pictured in too glowing colors. On the occasion of the presentation of his portrait by Samuel Mather, to the Chamber of Commerce in April, 1907, he was proclaimed "the first citizen of Cleveland." MORRIS A. BRADLEY. To accumulate a fortune requires one kind of genius, to retain a fortune already acquired, to promote its growth so that it shall constitute a source of public benefit as well as of individual enjoyment requires quite another kind of genius. Morris A. Bradley belongs to the younger generation of Cleveland's business men upon whom have devolved responsibilities very different from those which rested upon their predecessors. It is true that in his business career he had the benefit of entering into buiness activities instituted and promoted by his father, but in their control and enlargement he has had to solve difficult problems such as are the outcome of the conditions of modern life. In this he has displayed the strength of his character and his ability in the capable management of affairs of great magnitude, and is today recognized as one of the leading business men of the Forest city. He is a descendant of one of the oldest families of New England that for nearly seventy years has also been prominently identified with the vessel interests of the Great Lakes. His father, Captain Alva Bradley, was born in Ellington, Tolland county, Connecticut, November 27, 1814, his parents being Leonard and Roxianna Bradley, who left New England when their son Alva was nine years of age, seeking a more fertile soil than could be found among the rocky, sterile hills of New England. Their journey was made by wagon as far as Albany, New York, thence by canal to within fifty miles of Buffalo, at which point they embarked on a sailing vessel which brought them to Cleveland. They then proceeded to Brownhelm, Lorain county, and settled on a farm. Here commenced the arduous toil inseparable from pioneer life, that section of the country being then almost an unbroken HISTORY OF CLEVELAND - 11 forest. Educational advantages were extremely meager and hardships were to be endured, but they shrank not from their duties. With willing hearts and hands they subdued the forest and made for themselves a home. At this homestead Alva remained for ten years but, being inclined toward a marine life, he left the farm and with his worldly effects in a bundle started out to seek and make his fortune. On reaching port he skipped aboard the schooner Liberty, a Lake Erie vessel, and subsequently sailed successively on the Young Leopold, Edward Ban- croft, Express and Commodore Lawrence, being master of the last named in 1839. He sailed as master of that vessel for two seasons and such was his prosperity that in 1841, in company with Ahira Cobb, he built the schooner South America of one hundred and four tons. Captain Bradley then took command and sailed her for three seasons. Disposing of that vessel in 1844, he built the Bingham of one hundred and thirty-five tons ; in 1848 the Ellington of one hundred and eighty-five tons ; the following year the Indiana of three hundred and fifty tons. The last named sailed between Buffalo and Chicago. Three years later he built the schooner Oregon of one hundred and ninety tons. All these vessels Captain Bradley commanded, covering a period of fifteen years, after which he retired from a seafaring life and employed others to command his crafts. He then set- tled at his home in Vermilion, where he continued to build new vessels for the lake trade, sometimes by himself and sometimes in connection with others. In 1853 he built the Challenge of two hundred and thirty-eight tons ; in 1854 the Bay City of one hundred and ninety tons ; in 1855 the C. C. Griswold, three hun- dred and fifty-nine tons ; in 1856 the schooners Queen City and Wellington, of three hundred and sixty-eight and three hundred tons respectively ; and in 1858 the schooner Exchange, three hundred and ninety tons. He then rested for three years before again resuming active work. In 1859 Captain Bradley changed his residence to Cleveland but continued his shipbuilding on the Vermilion river until 1868, when he removed his shipyards to this city. In 186i, in company with others, he built the S. H. Kimball, of four hundred and eighteen tons ; in 1863 the Wagstaff, four hundred and twelve tons ; in 1864 the J. F. Card, three hundred and seventy tons ; in 1865 the schooner Escanaba, five hundred and sixty-eight tons ; and in 1866-7 the schooner Nagan nee, eight hundred and fifty tons. This splendid vessel cost over fifty-two thou- sand dollars. From the time of his removal to Cleveland in 1868 until 1882 Mr. Bradley built eighteen vessels, constantly increasing their tonnage. He continued to build and float lake vessels at the rate of one each season until his fleet became formidable both in the number and size of the ships, so much so that he deemed it economy to carry his own insurance and never insured a vessel. He was remarkably fortunate in the matter of causalities, losing but five vessels in his entire career. Captain Bradley was of a4genial, happy, easy temperament, combined with which were thorough business qualifications, making his character one that commanded the respect and esteem of all. It is a remarkable fact that with all his numerous and important business enterprises, bringing him constantly into relation with many people, he never had but one case of litigation and that was with an insurance company many years ago. Prudent and enterprising in his affairs, he was a man of the strictest integrity and highest sense of honor—a man whose word was as good as his bond. He was also largely interested in the iron trade, a branch of commerce and manufacture in which Cleveland has an immense amount of capital invested. He was also a heavy owner of real estate, which since his death has greatly increased in value. Captain Bradley retained his activity until the last and could have passed for a man many years his junior. He died November 28, 1885. His career was a splendid example of the possibilities which this country affords to worthy and persevering men. Starting in the world without a dollar, he died possessed of millions. In 1851 Captain Bradley was married to Miss Ellen M., daughter of John Burgess, of Milan, Ohio, and unto them were born four children, one son and 12 - HISTORY OF CLEVELAND three daughters, of whom two survive : Morris A. and Elizabeth, the latter the wife of N. S. Keller, of Cleveland. Mrs. Bradley died in 1896. Morris A. Bradley was born in Cleveland, August 15, 1859, and acquired his education in the public and private schools of his native city. In 188o he entered his father's business and a few years after the death of Captain Bradley assumed the entire management of the large estate, which under his able and careful control has greatly increased in value. He is one of the most extensive owners of real estate in the city and has erected a large number of buildings, many of which have been intended for manufacturing purposes. His business interests are manifold and of an important character, contributing to the commercial and industrial activity of the city as well as to his individual prosperity. He is the president and treasurer of the Bradley Transportation Company, president and treasurer of the Ohio Transportation Company, secretary and treasurer of the Erie Building Company, vice president of the United States Coal Company, president of the Cleveland & Buffalo Transportation Company, secretary and treasurer of the Alva Realty Company, secretary and treasurer of the St. Clair Street Realty Company, a director of Wickliffe-on-the-Lake Club Company, and president and treasurer of the Bradley Electrical Company, which concern owns an electric light and power plant furnishing light and power for the buildings owned by Mr. Bradley, and of this plant he is sole owner. He is also a member of the University School Corporation. On the l0th of May, 1883, was celebrated the marriage of Morris A. Bradley and Miss Anna Leiminger, a daughter of Charles Leiminger of Cleveland, and they have five children : Charles L., who married Miss Gertrude Baker ; Helen M.; Eleanor F.; Katharine A. ; and Alva, who married Marguerite Andrews, and has one child, Caroline. Mr. Bradley is prominent socially, being a member of the Union, Euclid, Roadside, Country and Gentlemen's Driving Clubs. He is very fond of horses and an expert amateur reinsman. He stands today as a splendid example of the man of wealth, to whom business is but one phase of existence, who understands the obligations and responsibilities of life and is appreciative of its social amenities. JOHN H. CLARKE. John H. Clarke, lawyer and man of affairs, is widely known as a distinguished attorney and in the political life of Ohio. He was born at Lisbon, then New Lisbon, Ohio, September 18, 1857. His father, John Clarke, was born in Ireland and came to America about 1830, when sixteen years of age, settling at New Lisbon, where he lived for over fifty years. He was a finely educated and widely read man, and his life was characterized by efficient service at the bar and on the bench. He died in October, 1884, at the age of seventy years. For many years he was one of the most distinguished lawyers of the Ohio bar and enjoyed a large general practice. His wife, who in her maidenhood was Melissa Hessin, was a daughter of one of the earliest settlers of Columbiana county, Ohio, and a prominent citizen of Lisbon. She passed away at Youngstown, Ohio, in May, 1907, at the very advanced age of eighty-eight years. The family of Judge and Mrs. John Clarke numbered five children, of whom two died in infancy, while three are living: Dr. Ida Clarke, a prominent physician of Youngstown, the president of the public library and largely influential in the philanthropic and charitable work of that city; Miss Alice Clarke, also a resident of Youngstown ; and John H. Clarke, who is the youngest of the family. In the public schools of his native city John H. Clarke began his education, which he continued under the instruction of private tutors who prepared him for college. At the age of sixteen years he entered Western Reserve College at Hudson, Ohio, and was graduated with honor in 1877. In 1880 his alma mater HISTORY OF CLEVELAND - 13 conferred upon him the Master of Arts degree. During his senior year an,d fol- lowing his graduation he studied law with his father as his preceptor and in Octo- ber, 1877, was admitted to the bar. Soon afterward his father retired from prac- tice, and John H. Clarke became associated with John McVicker, who had for many years been his father's partner. He practiced law at Lisbon until 1880, when he purchased a half interest in the Youngstown Vindicator, a weekly news- paper, removing to Youngstown, where he took up the practice of law and at the same time wrote the political editorials for his paper. His partner in the Vindi- cator was Judge L. D. Thoman, now a leading lawyer of Chicago. The Vindicator, under the editorial direction of Mr. Clarke, was the only Ohio democratic newspaper to support the civil-service reform principles then reported by Senator Pendleton, of Ohio, and as a result, in 1882, Judge Thoman was appointed by President Arthur as one of the first three United States civil-service commission- ers and did much valuable work in inaugurating and systematizing the merit system, constituting what is popularly known as civil-service reform. In the spring of 1882 Mr. Clarke sold his interest in the Vindicator, since which time he has devoted his attention exclusively to the practice of law. In 1883 he formed a partnership with M. W. Johnson, which relation was maintained until 1886, when he became a partner of C. D. Hine. That association was maintained until 1897, when Mr. Clarke removed to Cleveland. During the years of his partnership with Mr. Hine the firm had charge of the business of the chief manufacturing concerns and banks of the city of Youngstown and of the Erie Railroad Company and also enjoyed a large general practice. In April, 1897, Mr. Clarke removed to Cleveland, Ohio, and entered the firm of Williamson & Cushing, the firm name becoming Williamson, Cushing & Clarke. They specialized in railroad and corporation law, Mr. Clarke becoming the trial lawyer of the firm. He has, since his arrival in Cleveland, been connected with much of the most important local litigation of this period, representing the Lake Shore and Big Four railway companies in their contest with the city, involving the lake front property of very great value, and also conducting the defense for the heirs of Leonard Case against the attack made upon their title to a large portion of the business district of the city, in both of which cases Mr. Clarke's clients prevailed. In the fall of 1898 Judge Samuel E. Williamson, the senior partner of the firm, was appointed general counsel for the New York Central Railroad and removed to New York, at which time Mr. Clarke was appointed general counsel for the New York, Chicago & St. Louis Railroad Company, and he has since had charge of all of its legal affairs. In the spring of 1907 he dissolved partnership with Mr. Cushing and has since devoted his entire attention to the legal interests of the New York, Chicago & St. Louis and other railroad companies and the Pullman Company, which he represents. Mr. Clark's political service has been of an important character, as he has taken an advanced position on many public questions of vital importance. In 1896 he declined to accept the position of the democratic party, with which he had always acted, on the silver question and was chairman in that year of the Ohio state democratic sound money convention and also served as delegate at large to the Indianapolis sound money convention, which nominated Palmer and Buckner for the presidency and vice presidency. Mr. Clarke took an active part in the campaign of that year, speaking throughout the state for sound money. In 1892 he was chairman of the congressional convention of the eighteenth dis- trict then assembled at Alliance and was tendered the nomination by acclamation but declined, as his professional engagements prevented his accepting. The nominee of the convention was elected, as it seemed certain he would be at the time the convention was held, and had Mr. Clarke not chosen otherwise he would very certainly have taken a seat in congress at the ensuing session. In 1893 he was second on the balloting for governor of Ohio at Cincinnati, although he had publicly declined to become a candidate. In 1903 he was nominated by the democratic state convention for United States senator 14 - HISTORY OF CLEVELAND and made an active canvass of the entire state ,against M. A. Hanna on a platform advocating chiefly reform of taxation and of the laws governing municipalities, salaries for county officers and a two-cent fare on all railroads—all of which have since been accomplished, largely as a result of the agitation of the campaign of that year. Mr. Clarke has always been a distinct advocate of the merit system for the civil service. He has steadily opposed ship subsidies in any form, has favored a low tariff and has been a pronounced anti-imperialist, favoring the neutralization of the Philippine Islands under treaty with the great powers of the world. In 1904 he did much campaign work, speaking many times in Ohio and New York in support of the democratic national ticket. In all of his local relations Mr. Clarke has been active and influential in support of measures looking to the progress and improvement of the communities in which he has lived. He was a member of the board of trustees of the Youngstown public library for ten years and served as president of the board for seven years of that time, For three years he has been a member of the board of trustees of the Cleveland library and during the last year of his term was president. He is a large stockholder in, and a frequent contributor to, the editorial columns of the Youngstown Vindicator, one of the most influential and most largely circulated newspapers published in Ohio outside the largest cities. He is a member of the American and local bar associations, of the Union, University and Country Clubs of Cleveland and of the University Club of New York. Mr, Clarke is of studious habits and modest manner but aggressive in his profession and in his political service, and though long a recognized leader in local and state democratic politics, there is no resident of Cleveland who is held in more uniform respect without regard to political affiliation, while his pronounced ability has fairly won for him the distinction in his profession which the important legal positions held by him show that he has attained. HENRY CLEVELAND GAYLORD. Henry Cleveland Gaylord, a man of scholarly attainments and of good business ability, who in no relation of life was neglectful of the duties that devolved upon him, was born October 21, 1826. His parents were Erastus F. and Lucetta (Cleveland) Gaylord, who came from Connecticut at an early period in the colonization of this state. They settled in Cleveland and as the years passed by Erastus Gaylord became a leading factor in the business development of the city, being widely known as a prominent wholesale druggist here. Henry C. Gaylord attended the early schools of Cleveland and later had the benefit of a college course at Hudson, Ohio, the institution being now called the Western Reserve College. He studied for a professorship for three years, thinking to give his attention to educational work, but was induced by his father to abandon that idea and return to Cleveland. Here he became connected with commercial pursuits, entering the drug business with his father and becoming the successor after his father's death. It is true that he entered upon a business already established but in expanding and developing this many a man of less resolute spirit would have failed. He, however, readily adapted himself to the constantly changing conditions of modern business life and utilized his opportunities to such good advantage that the trade of the house grew instead of diminished, and the business continued as one of the leading wholesale enterprises of the city. There was not a single esoteric phase in his business career. He sought success along lines that did not require disguise but, on the contrary, would bear the closest scrutiny, and the success of his business demonstrated the truth of the old adage that "honesty is the best policy." On the 25th of May, 1855, Mr. Gaylord was married in Cleveland to Miss Catharine Hilliard. The wedding was celebrated in Trinity church, and the HISTORY OF CLEVELAND - 15 chimes which had just been installed rang during their wedding for the first time. Mrs. Gaylord was a daughter of Richard and Catherine (Hayes) Hilliard ,of Cleveland. Her father was a leading merchant of the city in early days and was also active in other lines that were directly beneficial to the community. With the assistance of Senator Payne he succeeded in having the first railroad built through Cleveland and gave liberally toward the work. He was also one of the prime movers in the erection of city water works and he gave the ground on which to erect St. Mary's church, the first Catholic church in Cleveland. There were only thirty-six houses in the city when he came here, making the trip across the country from the east. He became an active and influential factor in the life of the village, and as the years passed on his labors were a feature in the growth of the developing city. In his political views Mr. Gaylord was a republican, but the honors and emoluments of office had no attraction for him, as he preferred to give his undivided attention to his business affairs. He was not remiss in the duties of citizenship, however, but gave his aid and influence wherever it was needed to further Cleveland's welfare. WILLIAM FINLEY CARR. Among the prominent residents of Cleveland who in 1909 answered to the last summons was William Finley Carr, a distinguished representative of the bar and almost equally well known through his connections with commercial and financial enterprises of this city. He had practiced for a number of years as a member of the firm of Carr, Stearns, Chamberlain & Royon and was recognized as a man of earnest purpose, devoted to the interests of his clients and at the same time holding to the highest standards of professional ethics. His birth occurred in Stark county, Ohio, March 13, 1848. His grandfather, Samuel Carr, was born in New Jersey in 1771 and in early life engaged in freighting with wagons across the Allegheny Mountains before the building of railroads. Coming to Ohio he settled in Stark county and devoted the latter part of his life to general agricultural pursuits, his death occurring in 1863. The battle of Monmouth in the Revolutionary war was fought upon the farm which he owned in his native state. His son Jacob Carr was born in Stark county, Ohio, in 1825 and followed farming throughout his entire life. He wedded Jane Mary Finley, who was born in 1829 and was a daughter of William and Rhoda (Harris) Finley. Her father was born in 1797, made his home in Wayne county, Ohio, for many years and died in 1862. His wife, who was born in 1299, passed away in 1866. She was a daughter of John Harris, a soldier of the Revolutionary war. The death of Jacob Carr occurred in Wadsworth, Medina county, Ohio, in 1897, while his wife passed away in 1894. In his boyhood days William F. Carr accompanied his parents to Illinois, where he was reared upon a farm. At the age of twenty-two years he left home to study law with his uncle, General E. B. Finley, of Bucyrus Ohio, and after passing the required examination was admitted to the bar in 1875. He entered upon practice in Cleveland in connection with Thomas Emery, the firm of Emery & Carr existing from 1876 until 1879. Mr. Carr was afterward alone until 1883, when he joined F. H. Goff, now president of the Cleveland Trust Company, in the firm of Carr & Goff, which relation was maintained until 1890. There were then joined by E. J. Estep and M. R. Dickey under the style of Estep, Dickey, Carr & Goff, which remained without change until 1896, when the firm became Kline, Carr, Tolles & Goff. In 1904 Mr. Carr became senior partner of the firm of Carr, Stearns & Chamberlain, and on the 1st of July, 1o08, the name of Royon was added by the admission of a fourth partner. The firm engaged in gen- eral practice,.and Mr. Carr's knowledge of the various branches of jurisprudence 16 - HISTORY OF CLEVELAND was comprehensive and exact. He was very thorough and painstaking in the preparation of his cases, and in presenting his cause his pleas and arguments were lucid and clear and his deductions logical and convincing. The study of corporation law was his chief pleasure, and to that branch of the profession he largely devoted his energies. His standing among the members of the legal fraternity is indicated in the fact that shortly after his admission to the Ohio Bar Association he was elected its president. On the 8th of November, 1883, Mr. Carr was married to Miss Alice T. Codding, a daughter of Robert Codding, and they had two children: Marian C., who is a graduate of Smith College of 1907, and Marjorie Leigh, who was graduated from Smith College in June, 1909. The death of the husband and father occurred on the 1st of September, 1909, and was the occasion of deep and widespread regret in professional circles, in the club life of the city and among many friends who knew him in his own home as a genial and entertaining host. His political allegiance was given to the republican party, although he was not active as a worker in its ranks. He belonged to the Union and Euclid Clubs of Cleveland and attended the Presbyterian church. This city is notable in the number of fine private libraries which are here to be found, and one of these was in the possession of Mr. Carr, who spent many of his most pleasant hours in association with the master minds of all ages and was regarded as a man of broad scholarly attainments as well as of comprehensive knowledge concerning the principles of jurisprudence. HENRY C. RANNEY. Henry C. Ranney, for more than half a century a member of the Ohio bar, comes of a family noted for the prominent position to which many of its members have attained in connection with the judicial history of Ohio. While he has reached the eightieth mile-stone on life's journey, he still continues an active and influential factor in the life of Cleveland. His law practice was always of an extensive and important character and he was remarkable among lawyers for the wide research and provident care with which he prepared his cases. He has ever been recognized as a man of finely balanced mind and of splendid intellectual attainments, and he continues alive to the vital interests and questions of the day, while his sound judgment is manifest in his clear and logical opinions concerning points of law, questions of business expediency or matters which touch the gen- eral interests of society. A native of Ohio, his birth occurred in Freedom, Portage county, June 1, 1829. His father, Elijah W. Ranney, was a merchant and the eldest brother of Judge R. P. Ranney, for many years a distinguished member of the legal profes- sion in Cleveland, and of the late John L. Ranney, who was not unknown to many as a representative of the bar at Ravenna, Ohio. The mother, who bore the maiden name of Levana Larcomb, was one of the twelve children of Paul and Polly Larcomb, six of whom settled within a radius of six miles of the pioneer home of their parents. They were a strong family, mentally as well as physically, and were conspicuous throughout the community for their good sense, geniality, kindliness and for integrity and uprightness of character. Henry C. Ranney was but six years of age at the time of his father's death in 1836, and was adopted into the family of Hon. R. P. Ranney, who at that time had but recently entered upon his professional career but was already making a name for himself in connection with the legal profession. - Henry C. Ranney was at once placed in school and liberal educational ad- vantages were afforded him. He supplemented his literary course by study in the law office of his uncle and after thorough and careful preparation was admitted to the bar in 1852. He then entered into practice in Warren, Ohio, in the office HISTORY OF CLEVELAND - 19 of Judge Birchard, and subsequently entered into partnership with his uncle, John L. Ranney, at Ravenna, this association being maintained until the death of the senior partner. At the time of the Civil war Mr. Ranney was appointed, in 1862, by the secretary of war, assistant adjutant general of volunteers and was assigned to duty on the staff of General E. B. Tyler, commanding the First Brigade, Third Division, Fifth Army Corps of the Army of the Potomac. He was ordered south and was with his command at the battles of Fredericksburg and Chancellorsville, in both of which he won honorable mention in General Tyler's reports. He also took part in numerous minor engagements and after two years of active military service resigned and resumed his practice, since which time he has devoted himself assiduously to the interests of his clients. After the death of his uncle, John L. Ranney, he continued in practice at Ravenna until 1872, when he came to Cleveland and formed a partnership with his uncle, Rufus P. Ranney, and the latter's son, John R. Ranney. Some years later Henry C. and John R. Ranney became associated with Henry McKinney under the firm anme of Ranneys & McKinney. John R. Ranney and Judge McKinney withdrew in 1890 and Judge R. P. Ranney died in 1894. For some time Henry C. Ranney practiced alone but later became associated with C. W. Fuller. A contemporary biographer has said of him: "From the day he began practice until 1880 Mr. Ranney was one of the most constant, laborious and industrious lawyers in northern Ohio. His hands were always full of great interests which were never neglected nor slighted but received his personal, constant and unremitting care. His powerful constitution and cheerful temper enabled him to work more hours than the majority of attorneys and made it impossible for him to turn any person away who sought his aid and counsel at any time. The consequence was he became over-worked and from sheer lack of rest became prostrated with nervous difficulties. For nearly a year, therefore, under the advice of his physician—the famous Dr. Hammond of New York—he suspended all mental exertion and made a trip to Europe, traveling extensively on the continent. He returned home thoroughly restored to health. In 1884 he again crossed the ocean with his family and visited all places of interest in the British Isles, Germany, Switzerland and France." The zeal with which he has devoted his energies to his profession, the careful regard evinced for the interests of his clients and the assiduous and unrelaxing attention to all the details of his cases brought him a large business and made him very successful in its conduct. While an active member of the bar he was recognized as a very able writer ; his briefs always showed wide research, careful thought and the best and strongest reasons which could be urged for his contention, presented in cogent and logical form and illustrated by a style unusually lucid and clear. It was said of him while he was still in active 'practice : "He possesses the native abilities which mark the lawyer. He has in remarkable degree that equanimity of temper, calmness of insight and judgment and steady mental poise which enabled him naturally and with great ease to carry the lawyer's burden of complicated law and fact along the lines of right, reason and level-headed sense and reach rational conclusions with remarkable force and clearness. He never seeks success at the bar by the arts and affectations of the mere advocate. He is more solid than brilliant and yet so exact and painstaking has been his preparation and so honorable, pure and high-minded has he been in all his life and motives, that he is enabled to put into the cause in hand the most potential factors in all advocacy—a masterful grasp of his case and the weight of an unsullied character. He excels especially in the practice of railroad and corporation law. He works no less efficiently in the office where through systematic and careful study the pleadings are prepared and prompt business methods are applied, than in the conduct of the cause in court. The uninitiated do not understand how great triumphs at the bar are wrought out in the unseen, quiet laboratory of the office. He is an excellent pleader—the crucial test of a good lawyer." While Mr. Ranney has retired from the active practice of law he is yet closely associated financially 20 - HISTORY OF CLEVELAND and officially with various important business interests and corporations, being a directot of the Guardian Trust Company, the Cleveland Stone Company, the Continental Sugar Company, the Cleveland & Mahoning Valley Railroad Com- pany, The Citizens Savings & Trust Company, the Cleveland & Pittsburg Railway Company, and a trustee of The Society for Savings. Mr. Ranney's home life has been one of unusual happiness, comfort and good cheer. He was married September 19, 1853, to Miss Helen A. Burgess of Ravenna, Ohio, a granddaughter of the Hon. William Coolman of that place. Mr. and Mrs. Ranney became parents of six daughters and a son. The last named Henry Percival Ranney, who was a young man of brilliant promise and strong intellectual attainments, died in January, 188o, in his twenty-first year. Throughout his life in this city Mr. Ranney has been a consistent member of St. Paul's Protestant Episcopal church, is a member of its vestry and a trustee of the northern diocese of Ohio. His religious life finds expression in the uniform practice of the sterling virtues of honesty, justice and truth, and he ever carries into all the relations of life the graces of a charitable and kindly spirit. In Ma- sonry he has attained the thirty-second degree of the Scottish Rite and has al- ways been loyal to the sublime precepts and moral teachings of the fraternity. He belongs to the Army and Navy Post, No. 187, G. A. R., and is a companion of the Loyal Legion, in which he was senior vice commander in 1903-4. He belongs to the American, Ohio State and Cleveland Bar Associations, while in more strictly social lines he is connected with the Union, the University, Country, Rowfant and Euclid Clubs. He is emphatically a lover of the true, the beautiful and the good in nature, art and society and his influence and efforts have always been on the side of progress and improvement. After his return from abroad he was elected the president of the Western Reserve School of Design in Cleveland. He was also appointed a trustee of the Hurlbut and Kelly estates, both of which made large bequests for the erection of an art gallery in Cleveland. Mr. Ranney is the president of the Cleveland Museum of Art under whose name the gallery will be erected. He is also a trustee of the John Huntington Benevolent Trust, and the John Huntington Art and Polytechnic Trust. He has likewise been a member of the state board of charities and has done excellent work for the Case Library, of which he is one of the trustees. He is a life member of the Chamber of Commerce and cooperates in every movement for municipal progress. He has ever regarded the pursuits of private life as being in themselves worthy of his best efforts and while his influence has always been on the side of progress, reform and improvement and in support of those movements which are matters of civic virtue and civic pride, he has preferred that his public service should be done as a private citizen. His is a conspicuously successful career. Endowed by nature with high intellectual qualities to which are added the discipline and embellish- ments of culture, his is a most attractive personality. He is undoubtedly the oldest active member of the Cleveland bar and from the entire legal profession he receives the honor and respect which is accorded only in recognition of superior personal and professional merit. WILLIAM STANLEY KIRKER. William Stanley Kirker, a real-estate broker, handling stocks, bonds and loans, with offices at No. 707 Williamson building, was born in Ironton, Ohio, January 23, 1851. He came of Scotch-Irish descent and is a grandson of Thomas Kirker, who was governor of Ohio in the early part of the nineteenth century. In the public schools of his native town, William Stanley Kirker began his edu- cation and, passing through consecutive grades, became a pupil in the high school. When his school days were over he acted as clerk for his father in the banking and merchandise brokerage business, gaining thereby the broad and varied ex- HISTORY OF CLEVELAND - 21 periences which well qualified him to engage in business on his own account, when in 1899 he came to Cleveland and opened his present offices. For ten years he has been located at No. 707 Williamson Building and has established himself as one of the foremost representatives of the line of activity in which he now engages. He has always made it his purpose to keep thoroughly informed concerning the real-estate and money markets, and his broad knowledge has enabled him to assist his clients in making judicious investments. His success has been won at the cost of earnest,, self-denying effort and close application, and he has as his clients many residents of this and other cities, whose wealth enables them to make extensive investment in the lines in which he deals. In 1874 in Ironton, Ohio, Mr. Kirker was married to Miss A. Seeley Willard, a descendant of James Orville Willard, of Painesville, Ohio, who was one of the founders of Ironton and its first banker. That Mrs. Kirker has back of her an ancestry connected with the war for independence is indicated in her membership with the Daughters of the American Revolution. By her marriage she has become the mother of four children : Mrs. Howard Bixby, of St. Catherines, Ontario; Stanle; Mrs. Charles W. Blair, Toledo, Ohio; and Orville. The last named is engaged in business with his father. Mr. Kirker and family attend the Second Presbyterian church. He is most loyal to the interests of Cleveland and is interested in all measures for the promotion or betterment of municipal interests. His political allegiance is given to the republican party and his fraternal relations are with the Benevolent and Protective Order of Elks and the Royal Arcanum, In his entire business career there has not been an esoteric phase, his dependence being placed upon the rules which govern strict and unswerving business integrity and indefatigable enterprise. HARLEY BROWNELL GIBBS. Entering business life at the age of sixteen years, Harley Brownell Gibbs, through well directed energy and intelligent effort, has achieved notable success. There has been no esoteric phase in all his career, but rather the gradual unfolding of powers that have enabled him to grasp and master each situation and bring his interests to prosperous conclusions. Born in Milan, Erie county, Ohio, on the 13th of March, 1849, Mr. Gibbs is of Scotch lineage, being a direct descendant of Giles Gibbs, who came from' England to Dorchester, Massachusetts, in 1633, and in 1641 removed to Windsor, Connecticut. One of his ancestors, Major Gibbs, was on the staff of General Washington in the Revolutionary war, while another was a captain in the colonial army and still another a captain in the navy at the time of the war for independence. His father, Edward Hanford Gibbs, was a native of Norwalk, Connecticut, born August 4, 1812. He was but six years of age when he accompanied his parents on their removal westward to Nor- walk, Ohio, and after he had attained his majority he engaged in general merchandising, following that pursuit in Milan, Ohio, for many years, or until his death in 1871. He wedded Maria Louise Brownell, who was born in Ovid, New York, August 1, 1815, and was of French lineage, being a descendant of Lieutenant Jonathan Brownell, who married one of the Mayflower passengers, and also of Bishop Brownell, bishop of Connecticut and later presiding bishop of the United States. This family was also represented in the Revolutionary war by those who valiantly defended the interests of the colonies. The death of Mrs. Gibbs occurred in 1869. The family numbered five children, of whom Harley B. Gibbs was the third in order of birth. Two of the number have passed away, the living being Mrs. William Lewis, of Chicago, and Platt P. Gibbs, also of the same city. 22 - HISTORY OF CLEVELAND Harley B. Gibbs spent his boyhood in Milan, Ohio, and in Chicago, removing to the latter city when sixteen years of age. There he secured a position in the office of a grain and commission house, where he continued for about six years, receiving valuable practical training, which has constituted an excellent foundation on which to rear the superstructure of his later business success. For thirty- eight years he has been a resident of Cleveland, arriving in this city in 1871 at which time he became connected with the King Bridge Company, which was organized in that year. He served as bookkeeper until 1875 and was elected secretary, which position he filled until chosen treasurer in 1887. He remained in that connection until 1907, when he resigned the office but still remains as one of the board of directors. In the meantime his business ability, marked enterprise and executive force were recognized, and his cooperation has been eagerly welcomed in other fields of business. He is now the vice president of the Lake Shore Banking & Trust Company, of which he was one of the organizers in 1890. serving since that time in his present official connection He is also a director of the Manly Drive Company, of New York. At Hudson, Ohio, on the 24th of October, 1878, Mr. Gibbs was married to Miss Emma Johnson, of the place, who died in 1894. His political allegiance is given to the republican party at the polls, but he is not an active worker in its ranks. Prominent in Masonry, he belongs to Tyrian Lodge, A. F. & A. M., Oriental Commandery, K. P., Lake Erie Consistory, S. P. R. S., and Al Koran Temple A. A. O. N. M. S. He is also a popular and valued member of various clubs, belonging to the Union, the Roadside and the Euclid Clubs, the New England Society of Cleveland, the Union League Club of Chicago and the Ohio Society of New York. JOHN H. PRICE. John H. Price, occupying a central place on the stage of public activity, is making his impress felt upon the proceedings of the bar, upon the political situation of the city and upon its sociological conditions, especially in his efforts to promote the welfare of the newsboys and others to whom fate has vouchsafed little opportunity. Although a young man, his life has been one of usefulness in his service to the city and has also been fraught with successful accomplishment in the line of his chosen profession. Mr. Price was born in Youngstown, Ohio, July 31, 1878, and is of Welsh parentage—a son of Morgan P. and Margaret (Davis) Price. Improving his opportunities for the acquirement of an education, he was graduated from the public schools of Youngstown with honors and from the Rayen high school with the class of 1897. In the meantime, while still in the grammar schools, he was employed as a newsboy and as messenger boy for the Western Union Telegraph Company, and also worked in the office of the Brown, Bonnell Iron Company. Ambitious to secure an education, he entered Mount Union College in the year of his graduation from the high school, working his way through both high school and college by doing newspaper work. He was graduated from Mount Union in ig00 with the degree of Bachelor of Arts, and during his college days became affiliated with the Sigma Alpha Epsilon and also the Theta Nu Epsilon. During his college days he served as city editor of the Alliance Review and was also editor-in-chief of the College Annual and other college papers. He received hon- ors in debate, becoming the winner in the annual debates and also receiving hon- ors in oratory. He was likewise manager of athletic teams and was popular alike with professors and classmates—a young man alive to the situation, eagerly embracing his opportunities for mental development and at the same time realizing that education is but a means to an end-a preparation for the practical and responsible duties of life. Appreciative of the value of European experience, he HISTORY OF CLEVELAND - 25 crossed the ocean as a cattle puncher on a cattle boat and roughed it through nine European countries, traveling as a newspaper correspondent throughout Europe in 1900. In the meantime Mr. Price formed the definite purpose of becoming a member of the bar and, returning to America in 1901, entered the law school of the Ohio State University, at the same time doing special work for the Cleveland Plain Dealer in Columbus. Later he matriculated in the law school of the Western Reserve University and while preparing for the profession edited a history of the Ohio National Guard and Ohio volunteers in the war with Spain, and also edited the Law School Annual. He was well equipped, not only by research but through actual experience, for his historical editorial work, having served with the Eighth Ohio Volunteer Infantry at Santiago, Cuba, participating in the siege of the city. Mr. Price was admitted to the bar in 1903 and since that time has been actively engaged in the practice of law in Cleveland, making a specialty of corporation, insurance and constitutional law. He has now a liberal and representative clientage along these lines and in 1909 he was appointed by the attorney general of Ohio as special counsel to the attorney general for Cuyahoga county, having charge of all legal matters for the state in this county. He has been connected with various important cases in his capacity as counsel, while his private law business has also brought him prominently before the public in a professional capacity. He is not unknown as a sagacious and successful business man, being secretary and treasurer of the Western Reserve Motor Car Company, and president of the East End Realty Company. Not only as a prominent and rising representative of the bar is John H. Price known in Cleveland and Ohio. He is recognized as one of the prominent republican leaders of the city and is probably the youngest man who ever served as chairman of the republican committee of Cuyahoga county, being chosen for that office when but twenty-eight years of age. He was termed the "boy chairman" but his clear-cut opinions, definite plans and high ideals were those of a man of thought and action. From his youth he has been deeply interested in political questions and in the situation of the country, availing himself of every opportunity to broaden his knowledge along those lines. He saw that it was with difficulty that young men were making their way in political circles where older men desired to keep their place as campaign orators and as candidates, fearing that their place might be usurped by those of younger years. Mr. Price championed the cause of the young man and his labors were equally efficacious for a campaign of cleanliness and for opposition to anything like misrule in public affairs. In 1906 he managed a "monevless campaign" that was commented on editorially throughout the country, following as it did an era of tremendous campaign expenditure in Cuyahoga county. His efforts were eminently successful. Since that year he has served continuously as a member of the republican executive committee of Cuyahoga county and is generally chairman of the speaker's committee of the successive campaigns. In 1908 he was a candidate for common pleas judge. Mr. Price was married in 1903 to Miss Floride Gaillard Staats, a daughter of Henry N. Staats, and unto them have been born two sons, John H. and Newman Staats Price. Mr. Price is a member of the Masonic fraternity, having taken the degrees of the commandery, the consistory, and also of the Mystic Shrine. lie is likewise affiliated with the Knights of Pythias, the Woodmen of the World and the Benevolent and Protective Order of Elks. For a number of years he has been a director of the Tippecanoe Club and is a member of the Chamber of Commerce, the Colonial Club and the Ohio State Board of Commerce. He was one of the committee of arrangements to the Tippecanoe Club which planned to visit that Club at Canton on the occasion of the dedication of the memorial erected to President McKinley. He holds membership in the Calvary Presbyterian church and is much interested in sociological work. He holds membership in the Social 26 - HISTORY OF CLEVELAND Service Club and has given much time and attention to the interests and welfare of newsboys in the city of Cleveland, serving for two years as president of the Cleveland Newsboys' Association. In this connection he was active in the effort to reach boys who cannot afford the membership dues of the Young Men's Chris- tian Association, providing gymnasium facilities and more opportunity for ath- letic development, realizing that the profitable and enjoyable employment of time is a sure preventive of mischief and crime. John H. Price is particularly alive to the interests and vital questions of the day, whether of a professional, political or sociological nature, and his labors and efforts have been of a most practical char- acter, while at the same time he works toward high ideals. CHARLES RENZ. Charles Renz, who for the past three years has served as vice president of the Standard Brewing Company, was formerly identified with the concern as its chief executive officer and previous to his connection with brewing interests conducted a grocery establishment in Cleveland for more than two decades. He was born in Wurtemberg, Germany, on the 4th of August, 1856, a son of Ludwig and Caroline Renz. John Renz, the paternal grandfather, whose birth occurred in Wurtemberg in 1772, was a blacksmith and wagon-maker by trade and passed away in 1842. Ludwig Renz, the father of our subject, first opened his eyes to the light of day in Wurtemberg, Germany, on the 18th of July, 1818. He was likewise a blacksmith by trade and followed that occupation both in his native country and in the United States. It was in the year 1871 that he crossed the Atlantic to the new world, landing at New York, whence he came direct to Cleveland, Ohio. He retired from active life in 1880 and six years later was called to his final rest. Charles Renz, who attended the public schools of Germany until fourteen years of age, was a lad of fifteen when he accompanied his parents on their emigration to the United States, the family home being established in Cleveland. He then served a two years' apprenticeship to the blacksmith's trade and after- ward secured employment in the carriage shop of Lowman & Son, where he re- mained for five years: On the expiration of that period he went to Chicago, where he started out in business on his own account as a carriage maker, con- tinuing a resident of the western metropolis for three years. Subsequently he worked at his trade in Leadville, Colorado, for a year and then returned to Cleveland and opened a grocery store at the corner of Holmden avenue and West Twenty-fifth street. After two years he admitted his brother to a partnership and the association was maintained with mutual pleasure and profit for a period of twenty years. In February, 1903, Charles Renz was elected president of the Standard Brewing Company and acted in that responsible position until 1906, since which time he has ably represented the interests of the concern as its vice president. Some idea of the steady growth and expansion of the business may be gained from the fact that the first year the company turned out ten thousand barrels of beer, the second year nineteen thousand, the third year thirty-five thousand, the fourth year fifty-one thousand and the fifth year fifty-five thou- sand barrels. The Standard Brewing Company now employs a force of fifty- six men and utilizes sixteen wagons for delivery purposes. Mr. Renz has been married twice. His first wife, whom he wedded in Cleve- land and who bore the maiden name of Katie Meyer, passed away in September, 1906. They had three children, as follows : Erma and Helen, who are graduates of the high school ; and Carl, twelve years of age, who is now attending the public schools. For his second wife Mr. Renz chose Mrs. Boehm, their marriage being celebrated on the 17th of October, 1907. The family residence is at No. 1903 Holmden avenue. HISTORY OF CLEVELAND - 27 At the polls Mr. Renz exercises his right of franchise in support of the men and measures of the democracy, while in religious faith he is a Protestant. During the long period of his residence in this community the principles that have actuated his life have been such as to win for him the highest esteem and good will of his fellow townsmen. REV. SEYMOUR WEBSTER ADAMS, D.D. In a review of the history of Cleveland and those who have aided in any way in molding its history, one must at once recognize the fact that the Rev. Seymour Webster Adams was a forceful factor in its moral development, his far- reaching influence being still felt in the lives of those who knew him, although more than four decades have passed since he was called to the home beyond. Actuated by the highest Christian ideals, his heart reached out in ready sympathy to all mankind, and his belief in his fellowmen led them to do their best that they might merit his good opinion. His memory is enshrined in the hearts of all with whom he came in contact and remains as a blessed benediction to those who knew him.. Rev. Adams was born in Vernon, Oneida county, New York, August 1, 1815, a son of Isaac and Eunice (Webster) Adams. The father, who was long a deacon in the Baptist church of Vernon, died in 1861. The mother was a niece of Noah Webster. They were farming people who diligently and persistently wrought for the welfare of their family, and while occupied with the daily tasks of the household and the fields they did not neglect the religious instruction of their children nor fail to mold their own lives in harmony with Christian teachings. Reared in the atmosphere of a cultured, Christian home, the lessons of wisdom there taught sank deep into the mind and heart Of the Rev. Seymour W. Adams, and when seventeen years of age he naturally passed into intimate relations with the church, this being but the outward expression of the mental attitude which had been his from youth. Soon afterward he became a student in Hamilton College, at Clinton, New York, where he pursued the full course of study, and, desiring to devote his life to the work of the ministry, he then continued his studies in the Hamilton Theological Seminary, in Madison county, New York. When he had been fully instructed in the theology of the church and in all that qualifies the young man for the work of the ministry, he was ordained in February, 1843, and began preaching as supply at Durhamville, New York. A few months later he accepted a call from the Baptist church at Johnstown, New York, and in 1844 became pastor of the church in his native town of Vernon. In 1846 he was unanimously called to the First Baptist church of Cleveland, and after much hesitation accepted its pastorate, entering upon the active work of the church on the second Sunday in November of that year. He remained here until his death, carefully organized the work of the church and by his words of truth and wisdom greatly promoted the spiritual development of his people and added many to the congregation. At different times churches were set off from the one of which he was pastor, and thus his labors were extended along the lines of a constantly broadening angle and have not yet ceased to bear fruit in the lives of those with whom he came in contact. He was an earnest and discriminating student who realized that Christianity should be a very present help in time of trouble and a rule by which to govern daily conduct, as well as a point of Sunday observance. During his life he preached in the regular Sunday services and at funerals three thousand, four hundred and ninety-three sermons, performed three hundred and forty-two marriage ceremonies, attended five hundred and four funerals and baptized two hundred and ninety-nine people who confessed their faith in Christ. During the years 1858 and 1859 he wrote the memoir of Dr. Nathaniel Kendrick, so long and favorably 28 - HISTORY OF CLEVELAND known as the founder of the Hamilton Theological School, which in time developed into the Madison University and Hamilton Theological Seminary. Mr. Adams was married three times. In 1843 he wedded Caroline E. Griggs, who died in Cleveland in 1847. In January, 1849, Mrs. Cordelia C. Peck became his wife. She was the widow of the Rev. Lenus M. Peck and a daughter of Dr. Nathaniel Kendrick. She died October 7, 1852, and on the 9th of August, 1855, Rev. Adams was united in the holy bonds of matrimony to Miss Augusta Hoyt. Rev. Adams had four children: Francis A., who is first assistant principal of the East high school and has been very active in educational circles in this city; Mary E., whose labors have also been an element in the intellectual progress of the city, her position being now at the head of the English department of the Central high school ; Mrs. Cornelia B. Shiras, of Otta, Kansas ; and Seymour Webster, in the employ of Saginaw Bay Lumber Company. On the 7th of June, 1864, upon invitation of the Cleveland branch of the Christian commission, he left home to labor as a delegate with the soldiers and was assigned to a hospital in the vicinity of Washington, where day after day he watched and nursed and administered to the sick and needy of body and soul. On the 6th of July he returned home, for ill health demanded that he cease his labors in the hospital. To inquiries concerning his health he said that he was better, and indeed well, his happiness at being again with his family and his people deceiving him as to his own physical condition, but disease had laid her hand upon him and on the 11th of September he preached his last sermon. While the Rev. Mr. Adams was a man of scholarly attainments and strong intellectual force he also manifested a deep and abiding human sympathy and was ever willing to aid those outside of his church as well as those of his own membership. He manifested at all times a most kindly and considerate spirit, speaking ever a word of encouragement rather than of disapproval, seeking ever to inspire by the presentation of the right method rather than the condemnation of the wrong. Many there are who yet cherish the words which he spoke, and the work of the Baptist church in Cleveland received a decided impetus through his labors and zeal. Mrs. Adams still resides in Cleveland and has great love for the city where she has now made her home for many years. Her circle of friends is an extensive one here and is continually increasing as the circle of her acquaintance widens. SAMUEL MATHER. For more than sixty-five years the name of Mather has been prominently identified with the financial, industrial and social interests of Cleveland. One of the oldest and most prominent of the New England families, it has numbered among its members such noted divines as the Rev. Richard Mather, the American progenitor of the family ; his son, the Rev. Dr. Increase Mather, the first native born president of Harvard College ; and the latter's son, the Rev. Dr. Cotton Mather, who was a graduate of Harvard, senior pastor of the Old North Church in Boston and an overseer of Harvard College. The branch of this family under consideration, whose history is inseparably a part of that of Cleveland during the period of its representation here, springs from Samuel Livingston Mather of the eighth generation, the father of Samuel Mather and William Gwinn Mather, among the foremost citizens of Cleveland. The name Mather is derived from the Anglo-Saxon Math, meaning honor, reverence—and its representatives are very numerous in some parts of England and Scotland. Nearly all of those bearing the honored name in this country are descended from the Rev. Richard Mather, of Lowton, Winwick parish, Lancashire, England, where he was born in 1596. The line of descent from him, show- HISTORY OF CLEVELAND - 31 ing connection of the Cleveland branch, is designated by Roman numerals in the following. (I) Rev.. Richard Mather, the founder of the family in the new world, arrived at Boston, August 17, 1635. In 1636 he became the beloved pastor of the church in Dorchester, Massachusetts, and died there in 1669. He was twice married, his first wife, Catharine Holt, being the mother of his six children. His second wife was Sarah Cotton, the widow of the noted Rev. John Cotton. (II) Timothy Mather, son of the Rev. Richard and Catharine (Holt) Mather, married first Catharine Atherton and second Elizabeth Weeks. (III) Richard Mather, son of Timothy and Catharine (Atherton) Mather, and his two brothers, Rev. Samuel, who settled in Windsor, Connecticut, and Atherton, who settled in Suffield, Connecticut, are ancestors of all those bearing the name and descend from the New England Mathers, as the name in other lines to this time ceased with Samuel Mather, a grandson of the Rev. Dr. Cotton Mather, After his marriage Richard Mather removed to Lyme, New London county, Connecticut, where he died in 1688. (IV) Samuel Mather, of Lyme, Connecticut, married Deborah Champion and resided in that town. (V) Richard Mather married Deborah Ely and resided m Lyme, Connecticut. (VI) Samuel Mather married Lois Griswold. He was a prominent man in Connecticut and a member of the Connecticut Land Company. (VII) Samuel Mather, born in Lyme, Connecticut, in 1771, after his graduation from Yale made a journey to the then wilderness of the Western Reserve to inspect lands in that section held by his father and other eastern men who were members of the Connecticut Land Company. After his return east he settled in Albany, New York, where he resided for some years, subsequently removing to Middletown, Connecticut, where he died April 16, 1854. He married Catherine Livingston, of a prominent New York family. Like his father, he was one of the leading men in his section of Connecticut. In his family were nine children. The eldest, a daughter, Maria, became the wife of Major General J. K. F. Mansfield, of Middletown, Connecticut, who was mortally wounded at Antietam in 1862. Their daughter married Walter B. Hubbard, whose sister is the wife of Frank B. Weeks, the present governor of Connecticut. (VIII) Samuel Livingston Mather, son of Samuel and Catherine (Livingston) Mather, was born in Middletown, Connecticut, July 1, 1817, and was a member of the first class that was graduated from the Wesleyan University of that city—in 1835. After leaving college he was for some time occupied with business transactions for his father and subsequently, for several years, was in business in New York on his own account. During this period he made two voyages to Europe. In 1843 he came to Cleveland to look after the sale of lands owned by his father as one of the holders on the Western Reserve and also to attend to the same line of business for other eastern men who had interests in the state. Soon after coming to Cleveland he was admitted to the bar but never practiced the profession of law, for about that time his attention was attracted to the iron discoveries in the Lake Superior regions. He foresaw the future importance of that district and determined to give his time to and invest his capital in its development. In 1853 he became one of the incorporators of the Cleveland Iron Mining Company, which mined and transported to Lake Erie the first cargo of Lake Superior iron ore. He was a member of the company's original board of directors and its first secretary and treasurer. Those offices he filled until 1869, when he was elected president and treasurer—a relation that he sustained until his death. Mr. Mather was always held in the highest personal regard and esteem by the large iron manufacturing firms that bought Lake Superior ores, and to a great extent the prosperity and high reputation of the Cleveland Iron Mining Company was due to his personal influence and popularity. Upon his sound 32 - HISTORY OF CLEVELAND judgment and business acumen the directors and stockholders were always con- tent to rely, feeling that their interests were safeguarded and fostered in his hands. He had a longer and more active identification with Lake Superior iron ore interests than any man of his time and his large-minded and conservative influence on the general policy of the ore companies was marked and beneficial throughout the entire period of his connection with the industry. Beside his identification with the Cleveland Iron Mining Company, one of the most substantial and important commercial institutions of the city, he was the secretary and manager of the Marquette Iron Company, a director of the Bancroft Iron Company, president of the Cleveland Boiler Plate Company, president of the American Iron Mining Company and president of the McComber Iron Company. He was at various times a director in numerous other companies engaged in the mining of ore and the manufacture of iron. In 1878 he became a director of what was then the New York, Pennsylvania & Ohio Railway Company and remained a member of that board for more than ten years. He was one of the original board of directors of the old Merchants National Bank and continued a member until it was succeeded by the Mercantile National Bank, in which insti- tution he was also a director. His interests were large and varied. In the direc- torates of several insurance companies and numerous industrial enterprises he had a prominent part and he gave his genius and wealth to the advancement and upbuilding of Cleveland. As a business man he was one of the very foremost of his time in this city. While cautious, conservative and careful, he yet possessed a will to decide and the courage to venture where favoring opportunity led the way. Until his last illness he was actively engaged with business duties, his opinions constituting a forceful factor in the successful management of many important concerns. His reputation for honesty and fair-mindedness was of the highest and his life record is without a stain. While he won notable success, his path was never strewn with the wreck of other men's fortunes, nor did his own prosperity cause others to lose in the game of life. Personally Mr. Mather was a man of medium height, erect and portly. He was moreover a gentleman of education and refinement, who had a keen sense of humor and displayed a never failing cheerfulness and mirth, rendering his society a constant pleasure to his friends and associates. In his friendships he was warm, generous and stanch. If his confidence was once gained those who won it could always rely upon his loyalty. He was for almost forty years a prominent member of the vestry of Trinity church and for fifteen years preceding his death was its senior warden. He had long been known as one of the most liberal contributors to its religious and benevolent work. On a number of occa- sions he was elected to represent the diocese of Ohio as one of its lay delegates to the general triennial conventions of the Protestant Episcopal church and for many years represented Trinity church in the annual conventions of the same diocese. He was always a generous contributor to the various charity organizations of the city. While never actively connected with politics, Samuel L. Mather manifested a deep interest in the various vital questions of his time and had clear and well defined convictions concerning public men and measures. As a citizen he commanded the profound respect Of his fellowmen and while shrinking from public notoriety, he was an outspoken advocate of all measures looking to the preservation of public morals, the diffusion of general intelligence and the maintenance of law. His character for integrity was of the highest type and wherever known his name was synonymous with all the qualities which mark the Christian gentlemen. Samuel L. Mather was twice married. His first wife, whom he wedded September 24, 1850, was Georgiana Pomeroy Woolson, a daughter of Jarvis Woolson, of Cleveland, and to them were born two children : Samuel, a sketch of whom follows; and Katherine Livingston, a resident of Cleveland. Mrs. Mather died November 2, 1853. The second wife of Samuel L. Mather was Elizabeth, HISTORY OF CLEVELAND - 33 daughter of William R. Gwinn, of Buffalo, New York, to whom he was married on the 11th of June, 1856. One son, William Gwinn, born of this marriage September 22, 1857, is now a resident of Cleveland. Samuel L. Mather passed away October 8, 1890, and is buried in Lakeview cemetery. The Leader of October 9, 1890, said in part, regarding his death : "The chimes of Trinity Cathedral did not play at the usual hour of service last evening, but a single bell tolled out the requiem for a departed soul. Samuel L. Mather, senior warden of the parish, died at three P. M. yesterday after a brief illness. The quiet manliness with which he met all the issues of life did not forsake him when he entered the valley of the shadow of death. Of him it may be written as another has said : 'I am now ready to be offered and the time of my departure is :at hand. I have fought a good fight, I have finished my course, I have kept the faith.' The Episcopal church in the diocese of Ohio was the interest that, outside of ties of affection, lay nearest his heart. Among his last commissions were his pledges to the support of the Episcopate and the care of the missionaries. Within the parish he was a liberal giver and a faithful attendant upon divine service. For thirty-eight years he had served as vestryman and warden and was alike the loyal friend of the clergy and faithful representative of the people. The world will never know the extent of his private and personal charities but many there are who will rise up and call him blessed. To unassuming modesty were added those sterling qualities which go to make a 'man known and revered of all men' and as thoroughly respected as he was widely known." (IX) Samuel Mather, son of Samuel Livingston and Georgiana Pomeroy (Woolson) Mather, was born in Cleveland, Ohio, July 13, 1851. After attending the public schools of this city he continued his education in St. Mark's school at Southboro, Massachusetts. He was the eldest son of a man whose extensive connections and interests caused the son at once to take up a business career when his education was completed. It was much the case of giving a good man a good chance. His nature forbade him living in idleness and retirement, although his means would have permitted. his energy and ambition prompting him to an active life. Gradually he won his way to a place in the ranks of the prominent men of his time and at his father's death, when Samuel Mather was less than forty years of age, he had become a worthy successor of his parent who was one of the foremost men of his time, not only figuring thus prominently in Cleveland but in the northwest as well. He had become recognized as a leader in financial and industrial circles before his father's demise and the latter's death threw upon him the care of great interests,, making him the head of Pickands, Mather & Company, as well as bringing him into important relations with many other mammoth concerns. His prominence in banking circles is indicated by the list of banks of which he is a director or trustee. In industrial and commercial circles he is perhaps even more widely known. He is the president of the Huron Barge Company, the Hemlock River Mining Company and the Verona Mining Company, is vice president of the Hobart Iron Company, the Corsica Iron Company, the Minnesota Dock Company of Illinois, the Toledo Furnace Company of Toledo, Ohio, and the Bank of Commerce National Association. His name is included in the list of directors of the U. S. Steel Corporation, the Cleveland Cliffs Iron Company of West Virginia, the Cleveland Iron Mining Company of Michigan, the Pioneer Iron Company of Michigan, the Iron Cliffs Company of Michigan, the Cleveland Storage Company, the Malta Iron Company, the Citizens Savings & Trust Company, the Cleveland Trust Company, the Superior Savings & Trust Company, the Interlake Company, the Ashtabula Steamship Company, the Messaba Steamship Company, the New York, P. & 0. Dock Company, the Cleveland Electric Company, the Ohio Iron & Steel Company, the Odanah Iron Company, tte Provident Coal Company and the Mahoning Coal Railroad Company. Prominently connected with the iron and steel trade of the country, Samuel Mather now ranks among the distinguished capitalists of Cleveland. His business interests have ever been of an extensive and important char- 34 - HISTORY OF CLEVELAND acter, demanding keen discrimination in management and marked sagacity in investment. The variety of his interests at once indicate him to be a man of nota- ble business enterprise and keen perception, manifesting marked ability in discriminating between the essential and non-essential. He regards no position as final, believing that there is still opportunity for advancement and this qualifies his counsel whenever he expresses opinions concerning the management and control of important business affairs. Mr. Mather's extensive connection with educational and charitable institutions also suggests much of his character and of his interests. His value as a citizen cannot be over-estimated, as his holdings are almost all in lines that have been factors in ClevelAd's growth. He is one of the foremost men in the country in iron mining circles, thus sustaining the reputation of his father. Aside from business, however, his labors have been far-reaching in effect and in benefit. While he has attractive club relations outside of his business interests, he prefers to concentrate his energies upon affairs which are of vital importance to the individual or to municipal, state and national progress. He is now a member of the executive committee of the National Civic Federation and a member of the central committee of the American National Red Cross Society. He takes a great interest in Lakeside Hospital. He is the president of the Children's Aid Society ; president and treasurer of the Home for Aged Women ; vice president of the University School ; a director of the Floating Bethel and City Mission ; a director of the Cleveland Museum of Art ; chairman of the Hanna Monument Association ; and a trustee of the Western Reserve University, of Adelbert College, the Hiram House, Goodrich House, Kenyon College and the Case Library Association. He is also senior warden in Trinity (church) parish. Notwithstanding all of his connections and the fact that he is looked to for leadership in lines relative to the city's progress and welfare and to many enterprises for the public good in other lines, he is nevertheless a man of most modest and demo- cratic manner. He is known as a philanthropist because his benefactions have been many and most substantial and yet the public knows nothing of the full extent of his contributions to and his personal activities in charitable causes. Close friends, however, say that his activities in these directions are larger than those of any other permanent resident of Cleveland. Few men have so fully realized the responsibilities of wealth or met their obligations unchecked by the spirit of self-interest. He has desired no public preferments or honors but he has extensive connections with institutions that pay no salaries. Without invid- ious distinction he may justly be termed one of the foremost men of Cleveland and many would accord him the place of greatest prominence. Mr. Mather was married October 19, 1881, to Miss Flora Stone, the youngest daughter of Amasa Stone, one of the most prominent citizens that Cleveland has ever had. Mrs. Mather died January 19, 1909, in this city, on which occasion the local press published the following: "'There has never been such another woman in Cleveland and there never will be,' said Mrs. M. E. Rawson, president of the Day Nursery and Free Kindergarten Society, speaking of Mrs. Mather. 'There is not a philanthropic organization in the city that will not feel her loss deeply.' 'Mrs. Mather was continually doing something for the Home for Aged Women, given years ago by her father, Amasa Stone,' said Mrs. Charles W. Chase of the Young Women's Christian Association. 'Her strong, sweet character and wide charities made her womanhood ideal.' Miss Mary E. Ingersoll, for many years president of the Nonpartisan Women's Christian Temperance Union, was overcome by emotion at the news of Mrs. Mather's death. 'I first knew her when she was a little girl and later when she was one of the pupils of Miss Guilford's school, where she graduated,' said Miss Ingersoll. 'Always the same quiet, retiring, unselfish disposition,—she was one of the finest types of Christian womanhood I have ever known.' Guilford House and Haydn Hall, the buildings which were Mrs. Mather's gifts to the College for Women, were saddened by the news of her death. 'Mrs. Mather's wisdom was as great as her generosity,' said HISTORY OF CLEVELAND - 35 President Charles F. Thwing of Western Reserve University. With every gift she gave herself.' Goodrich House, a monument to Mrs. Mather's interest in settlement work, will be closed all day tomorrow in honor of her memory. Funeral services will be held at 2 P. M. at the Old Stone church, of which she was an active member. Bishop William A. Leonard, rector of Trinity cathedral, will offrciate with the pastor, Rev. A. B. Meldrum." Mrs. Mather left at her death the following children : Samuel Livingston, Amasa Stone, Phillip Richard, Constance. HARRISON C. DEMING. On the roll of Cleveland's financiers appeared the name of Harrison C. Deming, who conducted a stock and bond brokerage business. His thorough understanding of everything appertaining thereto made him well qualified for the conduct of interests of this character, and his name was an honored one in financial circles. He represented one of the old colonial families, for the Demings had figured prominently in various localities in which they have lived since an early period in the colonization of the new world. Solomon Deming, the grandfather of Harrison C. Deming, served with distinction in the Revolutionary war and was wounded in battle, sustaining the loss of a leg. He was the father of Correl Deming, a native of Connecticut, whence he removed to the Western Reserve, establishing his home near Brunswick, Ohio, where he purchased land and followed the occupation of farming. His wife bore the maiden name of Roxanna Dean. The birth of Harrison C. Deming occurred in Brunswick, March 4, 1836, and his early education was acquired in the public schools of that city, while later he attended Baldwin Institute in Berea, Ohio, giving his attention largely to the study of languages, in which he was much interested. At the age of fifteen he left school and was employed by his uncle, who was then recorder of Medina county, Ohio. He spent a year in that office and in 1852 came to Cleveland, where he secured employment as bookkeeper for the Alcott & Harton Dry-Goods Company, with which he continued for several years. He next went to New York, where he entered the commission business as a senior partner of the firm of Deming & Tiffany. In this he continued until 1862, when he returned to Cleveland and entered into the commission business here. He was so engaged for about eleven years, when in 1873 he removed to Chicago. There he continued in the commission business for some time. He suffered losses in the disastrous fire there but reestablished his quarters and continued as a commission merchant of that city until 1879, when he returned to Cleveland and accepted the cashiership in the Second National Bank, so continuing for three years. He afterward entered the stock and bond brokerage business and met with gratifying success in that undertaking, in which he continued until his death. Intricate business problems were of comparatively easy solution to him, for he was not afraid of close application or that laborious attention to detail which is always an important element in success. His ability was recognized and he enjoyed the good will and confidence of his associates and colleagues m the business world. On the 30th of January, 1862, in Philadelphia, was celebrated the marriage of Mr. Deming and Miss Elizabeth Dyott, a daughter of John B. and Mary (Way) Dyott. Her father was a prominent physician and wholesale druggist of Philadelphia. Unto Mr. and Mrs. Deming were born a son and two daughters : J. Harry, Mrs. H. D. Stevens and Mrs. H. H. Gage. To his family Mr. Deming was devoted, finding his greatest pleasure in ministering to their happiness. His political allegiance was given to the democracy, and while he never sought the rewards of office for party fealty, he was unwavering in his adherence to the principles in which he believed, In his early life he held membership in the 36 - HISTORY OF CLEVELAND Methodist church, while later he became a member of the Episcopal church. His genial companionship, his tenacious regard for the simple truth, his unostentatious generosity and his high moral standing were among the qualities which endeared him to all. His home life was beautiful and satisfying, and in it he found his chief enjoyment. JACOB DOLSON COX. Jacob Dolson Cox is now living retired but was formerly manager of the Cleveland Twist Drill Company and is still financially interested in the enter- prise, his official connection therewith being that of director and vice president. He comes of a prominent and well known family of this part of the state but it has been his individual merit that has gained for him the enviable regard in which he is uniformly held. He was born in Warren, Ohio, May 15, 1852, and is a son of the Hon. Jacob D. Cox, a native of New York city. Coming to Ohio in early life, Hon. J. D. Cox pursued his education in Oberlin College and later settled in Warren, where he engaged in the practice of law. He soon became recognized as one of the most learned lawyers before the Ohio bar, and his intellectual force and ability carried him into important relations outside the strict path of his profession. At the time of the Civil war he espoused the cause of the Union and served in the army with the rank of major general. He became an influencing factor in the political circles of Ohio, first representing his district in the state senate, while later he was honored by election to the governorship of this commonwealth. National honors later came to him in his appointment as secretary of the interior in President Grant's cabinet. The latter portion of his life was spent as dean in the Cincinnati Law School. He married Helen Finney, whose father, Charles G. Finney, was the dominating spirit of Oberlin College until his death. The demise of Hon. J. D. Cox occurred August 4, 1900, at Magnolia, Massachusetts, but his widow is still living at the age of seventy-eight years. Jacob Dolson Cox of this review pursued his early education in the public schools of Warren, Ohio, and at the age of seventeen years came to Cleveland. Here he entered the employ of the Cleveland Iron Company to learn the rolling mill business. He worked in every capacity, including that of machinist, roll turner, roller, puddler, etc., and was thus employed until the fall of 1875. He also spent some time as a machinist with the old Cuyahoga Steam Furnace Com- pany on marine engine work and was employed on the twin screw steamer Amazon, which was the first of the kind on the lakes. He returned home in 1875 and took up the study of mechanical drawing and kindred branches. In June, 1876, he embarked in business on his own account, purchasing a half in- terest in the business of C. C. Newton of Dunkirk, New York, who was making twist drills and tools. The firm then became Newton & Cox and a removal was made to Cleveland in September, 1876. In June, 1880, Mr. Cox purchased his partner's interest. The success of this venture was immediate from the start. At the time of removal to Cleveland the firm had but one man and one boy in their employ and something of the rapidity and wonderful growth of the busi- ness is indicated in the fact that in September, 1907, the company's employes numbered eleven hundred men. The drill manufactured is used in machine shops throughout the world, being one of the most successful implements of this char- acter ever placed upon the market. Its sale, therefore, has covered every civilized country and the volume of business makes this one of the most important industries of Cleveland and the middle west. While Mr. Cox is now retired from the active management to which he formerly devoted many years, he is still one of the directors and the vice president of the company and his connection therewith insures him a most gratifying and substantial annual income. HISTORY OF CLEVELAND - 39 He is also a director of the Cleveland Trust Company and a member of its ex- ecutive committee. He retired from active business on the 1st of January, 1904. In the fall of 188o F. F. Prentiss had been admitted to a partnership under the firm style of Cox & Prentiss and when Mr. Cox retired from active manage- ment in January, 1904, the business was incorporated under the name of the Cleveland Twist Drill Company. In 1878 occurred the marriage of J. D. Cox and Miss Ellen Prentiss, daugh- ter of Judge S. B. Prentiss. Their children were : Samuel Houghton, who was born in 1879 and is now with the Cleveland Twist Drill Company ; Jacob D., born in 1881; and Jeanette Prentiss. Mr. Cox is very fond of golf, boating and motoring and has also spent considerable time in travel. He likewise finds keen interest in photography and microscopic studies. His interests, however, have been by no means confined to those things which relate only to his own success, pleasure or welfare. He has been a cooperant factor in various plans for the city's good, has always been active in the Chamber of Commerce, becoming one of its original members, and was at one time its first vice president. In 1892 he was a member of the Committee on the Promotion of Industry, which committee in 1893 was merged with the old Board of Trade, forming the present Chamber of Commerce. In all public as well as private connections Mr. Cox has looked beyond the exigencies of the moment to the possibilities of the future and has labored for continuous as well as temporary progress and advancement. He is a trustee of the Case School and is a member of the American Society of Mechanical Engineers. He likewise belongs to the Engineers Club of Cleveland and the Engineers Club of New York city, is a member of the Loyal Legion and of the Society of May- flower Descendants of Ohio and New York, while his appreciation of social amenities is indicated in his connection with the Union, Euclid and Country Clubs. His labors throughout his entire life have been of far-reaching effect, the entire community feeling the stimulus of his efforts, for his nature has ever been too broad to exclude that service which every individual owes to his city and that interest which he should feel in every movement or plan promulgated for the public good, WILLIAM JOHN FARREN. William John Farren, who for a decade has been engaged in the real-estate business in Cleveland, is a native of New Jersey, born in 1858. His father, John Farren, was a native of Ireland, and on coming to the United States in 1840 took up his abode in New Jersey, where he devoted his time principally to farming. He died in 1902. His wife, who was born in England in 1829, came to the United States in 1840, was married in 1856, and still resides at the old homestead in New Jersey, with two sons and two daughters She is a woman of remarkable physical vigor, being splendidly preserved at the age of eighty years. William J. Farren in the acquirement of his education attended the Lancastarian private school in Brunswick, New Jersey, and in connection with other studies pursued a special course in bookkeeping. He afterward entered Rutger's College, from which he was graduated with the class of 1876. He continued a resident of the east for six years thereafter and in 1882 became a resident of Cincinnati, Ohio, where he was employed as city salesman for builders' hardware supplies. He left Cincinnati for Cleveland in 1886 and has since made his home here, first engaging with the Reliance Gage plant, of which he had charge for about four years. He then resigned to accept a more lucrative position with the Forest City Brass Manufacturing Company. In the meantime, as his financial resources permitted, he made investment ih property until his real-estate interests became of such importance that he resigned his position with the Brass 40 - HISTORY OF CLEVELAND Manufacturing Company in order to give his undivided attention to real estate operations. He keeps informed concerning the property that is upon the market and is well known for his operations in this line, from many of which he has realized a handsome profit. Mr. Farren was married in 1887 to Miss Josie Jordan, of Louisville, Kentucky, and unto them have been born three children: a daughter, Adele, who graduated from the Academy of Mt. St. Vincent on the Hudson; William E., who is now attending Niagara University, New York ; and Walter, who is attending the common schools. He is a member of the local lodge of the Knights of Columbus and is councilman of St. Bridget's Roman Catholic church, of which his wife is also a communicant. In politics he has always been a democrat and in former years was judge and clerk in the twelfth ward for a considerable period. Mrs. Farren is a member of the Catholic Aid Society and of the Leonardo Society, and they are also contributing members to the Young Woman's Catholic Association and to the Holy Cross House. Enterprising and determined, Mr. Farren has made steady progress along business lines and the success which he is now enjoying is the merited reward of his labors. JOHN FRANK KURTZ. John Frank Kurtz, a retired merchant, deriving his income largely from substantial real-estate investments, was at the age of fourteen years an employe on a "bob-tail" train running out of Cleveland. From that humble position he has made gradual and substantial advancement, until the success of his later years has enabled him to put aside business cares and now rest in the enjoyment of the fruits of his former toil. He was born in Sandusky, Ohio, July 4, 1849, and was a youth of about six years when brought to Cleveland by his parents, Jacob and Dora (Wymiller) Kurtz. The father engaged in railroading throughout his entire life and passed away on the 22d of August, 1893. At the usual age John F. Kurtz entered the public schools, wherein he continued his studies until he reached his fourteenth year. He then felt compelled to seek employment, which he secured on one of the local trains running out of Cleveland, commonly called "bob-tails." For two years he thus served, after which he was employed on the southern division of the Lake Shore Railroad for six months. He then went to the Nippero, Atlantic & Western Railroad and afterward made his way to Oil City, Pennsylvania, where he was employed by an oil firm and afterward as fireman on the railroad. About a year later he secured a position at three and a half dollars per day, which was a liberal wage at that time. He was thus employed, saving not a little from his earnings and he remained in that position until 1872, when he felt that the capital which he had acquired as the result of his industry and economy was sufficient to justify his embarkation in business in Cleveland. In 1873 he became a general contractor in this city and continued in that line of business with growing and gratifying success until 1891, when he retired and established a grocery store. For fifteen years he engaged in merchandising but disposed of his grocery store in 1906 and has since lived retired, enjoying a rest which he has well earned and richly merits. In 1871 Mr. Kurtz was united in marriage to Miss Levina Snyder, and unto them were born two children, but both died in infancy. Following the death of his first wife he wedded Susan Baker, who was born in Germany and became his wife in 1883. By this marriage there were born five children, four of whom are still living: Alfred ; John Hugo, who is married and has one child ; Henry H. ; and Oliver Clair. Mr. Kurtz owns a nice residence at No. 2141 West Forty-fourth street, S. W., and also has other property in the same neighborhood, from which he derives a substantial income. He belongs to the Knights of Pythias fraternity and is a HISTORY OF CLEVELAND - 41 member of Franklin Circle Church of Christ, with which his family are also connected. In politics he votes for the candidate whom he regards as the best man for the position and does not seek political preferment for himself. His has been a busy life, in its close application and devotion to business interests, to which he has given his time and attention, and now, at the comparatively early age of sixty years, he is in possession of a handsome competence that is the visible evi- dence of his life of well directed energy and thrift. In all his undertakings his integrity has been above question, and his life is an exemplification of the fact that success and an honored name may be won simultaneously. WILLIAM J. CARTER. William J. Carter, consulting civil engineer of Cleveland, was born in this city in 1870. The first representative of the family in this state was Major Lorenzo Carter. Henry Carter, the father of our subject, is likewise a native of Cleveland, his birth having occurred on the 13th of December, 1832. He was one of the nine children born unto Alonzo and Julia (Aikens) Carter, both of whom are deceased. His education was obtained in the common schools of this city and when sixteen years of age he put aside his text-books and devoted his attention to the work of farming under the direction of his father. Subsequently he began farming on his own account and continued an active and successful representative of agricultural interests until the time of his retirement in 1903. He owned a rich and productive tract of land near Newburg, Ohio, but since putting aside the work of the fields has made his home in a handsome residence at No. 3602 East Ninety-third street, Cleveland. He likewise has considerable other property in the immediate neighborhood and is well known and highly esteemed as one of Cleveland's prosperous and respected native sons. On the 15th of September, 1858, Henry Carter was united in marriage to Miss Julia McNanie, who was born in Ohio in 1837. They have no children of their own but adopted a son, 1ATilliam J., who is the subject of this review. Henry Carter is independent in his political views, supporting the men and measures that he believes will best conserve the general welfare. Neither is he an adherent of any one religious sect or creed but contributes liberally to all charitable and religious organizations. William J. Carter, whose name introduces this review, attended the public schools of Cleveland in his youthful days and afterward entered the Case School of Applied Science, from which institution he was graduated as a civil engineer in 1891. Subsequently he spent about a year in maintenance of way work for the Pennsylvania Railway Company and then entered the service of the Osborn Engineering Company, being largely engaged in bridge engineering during his two years' connection with that concern. He was afterward at the Canal street nower station with the Cleveland Electric Illuminating, Company and was then employed by the Brown Hoisting Machinery Company for over two years. He next entered the government service as superintendent of construction in the quartermaster's department and was stationed at Portland, Maine, having charge of building construction at Fort Preble and Fort Williams. In this position of responsibility he remained for one year. From 1901 until 1908 he served as chief engineer of public works in Cleveland and since retiring from that office has been accorded a liberal and representative clientage as a consulting civil engineer. In addition to his interests in this connection he is likewise a stockholder in a number of busi- ness concerns, and he enjoys an enviable reputation as one of the successful, enterprising and progressive residents of the city. On the 26th of June, 1895, Mr. Carter was united in marriage to Miss Cora Doolittle, of Cleveland. He has attained the thirty-second degree in Masonry and also belongs to the Mystic Shrine. He is likewise a member of several college 42 - HISTORY OF CLEVELAND fraternities, the Colonial Club, the Chamber of Commerce, the American Society of Civil Engineers and the Cleveland Society of Civil Engineers. His close ap- plication and unwearied industry have brought him goodly success, while his superior skill and ability have gained him recognition as one prominent in engineering circles. JOHN J. BERG. John J. Berg, known in the business circles of Cleveland as proprietor of the Model Meat Market at 5308 Franklin avenue, is also prominently connected with mining interests in Colorado and elsewhere. He resides at 1794. West Fifty- fourth street and in the section of the city where he makes his home has many warm and admiring friends. Cleveland is the place of his nativity and the date of his birth is December 31, 1867. His parents were George and Caroline (Fueller) Berg, both of whom were born in Germany, whence emigrating to America, they established their home in Cleveland and here reared their family. John J. Berg was educated m the parochial schools of this city, which he attended until 1881, when he put aside his text-books and began earning his own living as a lock fitter. In this work he continued for three years, on the expira- tion of which period he started west and became identified with mining interests in the Rockies. He was successful in working the Smuggler mine at San Juan, Colorado, a paying investment, and he has there continued a factor in mining interests, having recently been elected a director of the Manhattan Gold Range Min- ing Company, the stockholders of which are mostly Cleveland men. Returning to Cleveland, Mr. Berg in 1889 established the Model Meat Market, of which he is proprietor and which has a liberal patronage. In addition to his other interests he is a director in the Pennsylvania Rubber Supply Company, of which he was one of the organizers. On the 3d of February, 1891, Mr. Berg was united in marriage to Miss Kate Felten, and unto them have been born three children, who are yet living: Norbert, Edmund and Walter. Their two daughters, Lenora and Annetta, both died in infancy. Mr. Berg is independent in his political views and keeps well informed on the issues and questions of the day, so that he is always able to support his posi- tion by intelligent argument. He concentrates his time and attention upon his business interests and his home life, in which he finds great enjoyment. A laud- able ambition has been the stimulus of his efforts as the years have gone by and has constituted the foundation of the substantial success which he now enjoys. MAX LEVI. Max Levi, secretary and treasurer of the German-American Savings Bank and equally well known by reason of his extended charities, was born m Lauterburg, Germany, January t, 1857. He came to Cleveland in 1863 with his parents, Isaac and Rosalia (Hermann) Levi, who were also natives of Germany. The father was for many years interested in the restaurant business in this city and the mother still lives in Cleveland at the age of seventy-nine years. Max Levi was but six years of age when he arrived in this city, and its public schools afforded him his educational privileges. In 1871 he became connected with the De Forrest Dry Goods Company, beginning as cash boy. There he re- mained for a few months, after which he entered the employ of the Mahoning Railway Company as office boy and represented that firm for two years. He next became entry clerk for D. Black & Company, but his ability was soon HISTORY OF CLEVELAND - 43 recognized there, and he was promoted to the position of bookkeeper, while later he became cashier, thus serving until 1887, when he became interested in the organization of the German-American Savings Bank Company and was appointed teller in 1897. Later he was elected secretary and treasurer, which position he still fills. For years he has practically controlled the bank's affairs and has been the leading factor in placing it among the city's leading financial institutions, his efforts resulting in the increase of its volume of business over four hundred per cent. The consensus of public opinion places him with the ablest financiers of the city called upon to deal with affairs of great magnitude and to solve difficult and complicated financial and economic problems. On the 26th of January, 1883, Mr. Levi was married to Miss Tillie Freeman, a daughter of Jacob and Rachel (Levi) Freeman, of Honesdale, Pennsylvania. Their children are five in number : Milton Freeman, who is with the United States Candy Company; Rena, who is the wife of Edward A. Katz, of Honesdale, Pennsylvania, their daughter Kathryn enjoying the novel distinction of having three living great-grandmothers ; Linda and Stella, who are graduates of the Central high school ; and James. The family residence is at No. 2391 East Fortieth street. Mr. Levi is a man of domestic tastes, finding his greatest happiness at his own fireside. He also derives much pleasure from travel. His political support is given to the republican party, where state and national questions are involved, but at local elections he casts an independent ballot. He holds membership with the Temple congregation and is greatly interested in charitable work, being treasurer of the Hebrew Relief Association, treasurer of the Hebrew Free Loan Association, treasurer of the Infant Orphans Home, and gives liberally of both his time and means to these charitable organizations. To make his native talents subserve the demands which conditions of society impose at the present time is the purpose of his life, and by reason of the mature judgment which characterizes his efforts at all times he stands today as a splendid representative of the prominent financiers to whom business is but one phase of life and does not exclude active participation in and support of the other vital interests which go to make up human existence. CHARLES WHEELER PRATT. In the department of engineering Charles Wheeler Pratt gives his attention to the civil and landscape branches, and his professional services have been an important element in the adornment and improvement of the city of Cleveland. His birth occurred in Nashua, New Hampshire, in 1865, and he comes of a family of English lineage. His father, Charles W. Pratt, Sr., was also a native of New Hampshire and for many years sailed the seas, becoming captain of a ship. He enlisted in the navy at the time of the Civil war and was placed in command of a vessel. He continued in the service for some years after the close of hostilities between the north and the south and eventually retired. He died in 1899 and is still survived by his widow, who bore the maiden name of Sarah Ann White. She is a native of Massachusetts and comes of Puritan stock. Charles W. Pratt, of this review, spent his early life in Boston and vicinity and benefited by the thorough instruction of the public schools there. He afterward had the advantage of lectures in the Massachusetts Institute of Technology and had training with Professor Currier as his tutor. He thus qualified for his present profession, continuing to study for some time until his research and investigation had brought him broad and comprehensive knowledge. In 1881 he began practice in the office of E. W. Bowdich, of Boston, as an employe, continuing there until 1891, during which time he was principally engaged on the construction of sewers and waterworks and in landscape gardening. He was very efficient in his work, his ability winning him promotion from time to time. 44 - HISTORY OF CLEVELAND In 1893 Mr. Pratt came to Cleveland and in 1894 entered the employ of the old park board as chief engineer, at which time Mr. Buckly was president of the board and later was succeeded by J. H. McBride. During this time all the present existing public parks were built under the supervision of Mr. Pratt, who continued in charge of the same until 1900. In that year he took up the pri- vate practice of his profession, but in the meantime he had gained a wide acquaintance during his official service that enabled him to win an extensive clientage alone. His patronage has shown a steady, healthful increase with each year, and he is now doing a large amount of work as a civil and landscape en- gineer. He has many commissions to lay out new allotments and parkways, to- gether with sewers and macadam work. He designed the Ambler Heights effects and the Euclid Heights and was the designer of the original "group plan" as adopted by the Chamber of Commerce. Much credit is due Mr. Pratt for this project, which was recommended by the Chamber of Commerce June 2, 1900. In the practice of his profession he has always looked beyond the exigencies of the moment to the possibilities and opportunities of the future, laboring along lines which have wrought for practical benefit and for permanent beauty, and his work has received the endorsement of others high in the profession. In 1902 occurred the marriage of Mr. Pratt and Miss Frederika Bailey, of Cleveland. He is a member of the Country Club and is fond of golf and motoring. He was formerly a member of the Massachusetts National Guard. While by no means a politician in the sense of office seekmg, he has consented to serve as road commissioner and engineer in the village of Brahanaw and is now filling the office. With a nature that can never be content with mediocrity, he has worked his way steadily upward, a laudable ambition prompting his attainment of marked proficiency in his profession. His work indeed is of a most credi- tably character, and he well merits the success that has come to him. JAMES J. TRACY. James J. Tracy, one of the well known and influential financiers of Cleveland, where for nearly three-quarters of a century he has been engaged in the banking business and who, despite his advanced age of ninety years, is punctual at his office and conducts his business affairs with a clearness and vigor of a man many years younger, is a native of Lansingburg, Rensselaer county, New York, where his birth occurred December 3, 1819, his family having been among the early settlers of that part of the country. His father, Gardner Tracy, was a native of Connecticut, born in 1777, and passed away in 1849. The son began his education in his native city, but at the age of six years accompanied his parents on their removal to Utica, New York, where he attended school, early in life developing his talents for the transaction of commercial affairs and upon leaving the Empire state in 1836, he located in Cleveland, which at that time was in its infancy. He soon afterward entered the institution which was known as the Bank of Cleve- land, and he remained with that concern until it closed its doors in 1842. His second financial venture in this city was with the T. P. Handy Brokerage Company, with which he remained greatly to the advantage of the business for several years and upon severing his connection with the firm he became teller of the commercial branch of the State Bank of Ohio, in which institution he per- formed the duties of teller until the year 1850, when he resigned his position and has since been associated with a number of industrial enterprises, particularly real-estate. His conservative business judgment and talent for handling large affairs have won him recognition as a financier throughout the city and enabled him to prosper. Perhaps no man here has been so useful and influential in the affairs of the community, his ambition leading him into many walks of life, in all of which he met with success and proved beneficial to those with whom he was HISTORY OF CLEVELAND - 47 associated. He was one of the founders of the Case School of Engineering, a well known and thorough institution of its kind, which has turned out many students who have attained to positions of prominence in business and profes- sional careers and since its establishment he has been a member of the board of trustees. Mr. Tracy is vice president of the Society of Savings and at one time was a director of the City Bank, one of the most substantial and influential finan- cial concerns in the state. He was also one of the founders of the original Brush Electric Company of Cleveland. Mr. Tracy was united in marriage to Jane A. Foote, a native of Detroit, Michigan, born in 1857, by whom he had two children: James J. Tracy, Jr., whose birth occurred in 1884 ; and Catherine S., whose birth occurred in 1888. Throughout his long business career Mr. Tracy has always been a supporter of the republican party and in all his experience he has never found occasion to induce him to become disloyal, believing firmly that the policies set forth by its principles are in every particular adequate to subserve the country's highest financial and industrial interests. His many years of prosperity in this city bear ample evidence of his business ability and unremitting energy, and he deserves the excellent reputation he sustains throughout the business circles of the community. MYRON BOND VORCE. Myron Bond Vorce, president of the Vorce Engineering Company, in which connection he has taken large contracts for important work, was born in Cleve- land, August 14, 1871. His father, Charles M. Vorce, was a native of Collamer, Ohio, and died in December, 1901. The mother, who bore the maiden name of Evelyn Cornelia Marshall, is a sister of the discoverer of the Marshall Pass over the Rocky Mountains in Colorado, while her great-uncle was the discoverer of gold in California. She was also a descendant of Chief Justice Marshall. She is a native of Illinois and is still living. Myron Bond Vorce spent his early life in Cleveland, pursuing his education in the public schools to the age of seventeen years, when his desire to become a factor in the business world led him to accept a clerkship in a store, where he remained for a few months. He then secured a position in connection v ith a surveying party and was fortunate in being under the orders of a very bright man, who took pains to interest Mr. Vorce in engineering. He began studying along that line, and his researches and his experience constantly augmented his ability, so that he was promoted from time to time to various positions in en- gineering offices. Being a natural mathematician and possessing as well good mechanical skill, he made rapid progress. While in Tennessee he accepted a position with E. W. Bowdich, of Boston, one of the most distinguished landscape and civil engineers of the country, in whose employ he was sent to Cleve- land to develop Euclid Heights, Clifton Park and do other work of that char- acter. He afterward accepted the position of assistant engineer with the park board, developing and making the present park and boulevard system of Cleve- land. The city has reason to be proud of her advantages in this direction, and in large measure the work in this line shows forth the skill and ability of Mr. Vorce, who continued in the position until the summer of 1897. He then with-drew to engage in the private practice of his profession, but in 1898 he entered the city engineering department as assistant engineer in the work of intercepting sewers. Subsequently Ile was made assistant engineer in charge of the sewer maintenance department and was the real organizer of that department. In Feb- ruary. 1904, he was promoted to the position of pavement engineer of Cleveland and in this connection originated several valuable innovations. Later he was chosen inspector of buildings, which was another promotion, and served under the new building code from February, 1905, until March, 1907. In that month 48 - HISTORY OF CLEVELAND he formed and organized the Vorce Engineering Company, of which he is the president and general manager. In this connection he has erected several large steel bridges in various parts of the United States and has also put up several factories and manufacturing plants. He likewise enjoys a wide reputation as a consulting engineer, and he is chairman of the grade-crossing damage commission. He is likewise the president of the Vorce City Investment Company and in these various connections is building up extensive and important business interests. In 1903 Mr. Vorce was married to Miss Ethel Ridgley Stearns, of Detroit. Mr. Vorce is a member of the Civil Engineers' Club of Cleveland and also of the Cleveland Auto Club. He was at one time commodore of the Lakewood Yacht Club, of which he is now a director, is a member of the council of the Yacht Racing Union and is a very enthusiastic yachtsman. This constitutes his chief source of rest and recreation from the onerous duties of a profession in which he is making continuous advance and already occupies a position of considerable distinction. FRANK P. BELLE. Frank P. Belle, one of the oldest market gardeners of Cuyahoga county, was born in Bavaria, Germany, near the river Rhine, December 14, 1836. Peter and Barbara Belle, his parents, emigrated to the United States in 1846, arriving in the city of Cleveland on the 8th of August of that year. They were accompanied by four sons and one daughter. The father purchased a tract of land in Independence township, Cuyahoga county, consisting of fifty-six acres, which he placed under excellent cultivation. He had crossed the sea to a strange country and had settled among a strange people, hoping to make life an easier thing for himself and his children, and in his ambition he was wholly successful. He and his wife were members of the Roman Catholic church and were very devout in their religious faith. His father was a Catholic and his mother a Protestant. They had three sons and three daughters, and the former embraced the religion of their father, while the daughters were adherents of the Protestant faith. All are living in peace and harmony, each accorded the privilege of a choice in faith according to the dictates of conscience. The death of Peter Belle occurred in 1879, when he had reached the age of seventy-seven years, while his wife passed away in 1857, at the age of fifty-two years. They were the parents of five children: Adam, who died soon after coming to America; Frank P.; Peter, deceased ; John ; and Elizabeth, the wife of Paulus Keck. Frank P. Belle spent the first nine years of his life in Germany and then accompanied his parents on their emigration to the new world. He pursued his education in the public schools of this county and in 1861, when twenty-five years of age, took up his abode in East Cleveland township, where for forty-eight years he has now been engaged in market gardening, raising all the fruits that grow in this latitude, with many varieties of vegetables. His long experience in this line has enabled him to produce garden products of the highest grade as well as fruits of the finest kind and he finds a ready sale on the market. Year by year his success has increased until his extensive trade had made him one of the men of affluence in his district. That he is a man of the utmost reliability is indicated in the fact that he has been chosen administrator of three different estates and has assisted in adjusting several others. On the 26th of May, 1863, Mr. Belle was united in marriage to Miss Sophia Murman, a daughter of Jonas and Mary Ann Murman. Her father emigrated to America in 1859, establishing the name in Cuyahoga County. He had the following children : Margaret, a Sister of Charity, now living in Buffalo ; Mrs. Belle ; Rosa, the wife of Frank Andrus ; Josephine, the wife of Louis Tincher, HISTORY OF CLEVELAND - 49 of Cleveland; and Michael, who is engaged in the grocery business on the south side. He is married and is the father of twelve children. Unto Mr. and Mrs. Belle have been born three sons and three daughters, but of these Frank, John B. and Elizabeth are deceased. The last named was the wife of J. N. Wagner, and unto them were born four children, of whom Frank, the eldest, is conducting the Globe Printing establishment on Ninth street, and Mathias is an accountant. Joseph is connected with railroad work and Irene is at home with her father. Rosa, the second daughter of the family, is the wife of Jacob Schoen, a carpenter, living on Miran street, and they are the parents of seven children, four of whom are attending St. Francis school. John F., the fifth member of the family, is his father's successor in the gardening business and is married to Matilda Gottschalt. Anna M., the youngest, is the wife of Henry Kline, and they reside on Russell road. The families are all devout members of the Roman Catholic church. Mr. Belle has served for four terms as a member of the village council and his record was characterized by devotion to the higher interests of the citizens at large and good government. Both he and his wife are members of St. Fran- cis church at the corner of Superior and Baker streets. They are a remarkably hale and hearty couple for their years, time having dealt lightly with them. Mr. Belle has passed the seventy-third milestone on life's journey, and possessing many admirable qualities of head and heart has won the highest regard of his fellow townsmen. JAROS PAVLIK. Jaros Pavlik, who has been brewmaster of the Standard Brewing Company, for the past five years, was born in Kuttenberg, Bohemia, on the 22d of May, 1876, his parents being John and Antonia Pavlik. The father, whose birth occurred in Blatna, Bohemia, on the 1fith of June, 1837, owned and conducted a brewery in his native country until 1904, when he sold out and retired from active business. In his youthful days Taros Pavlik attended the public schools in pursuit of an education and when fourteen years of age left the high school and began learning the brewing business under the direction of his father, with whom he remained for two years. Subsequently he worked in a brewery at Beroun. Bo- hemia, for a couple of years and afterward spent a similar period in a brewery at Enns, Austria. Afterward he worked in a brewery at Pilsen, Bohemia, for thirteen months and at the end of that time, in 1897, crossed .the ocean to the United States, locating in Cleveland, Ohio, where for three years he worked as an assistant in the Pilsener Brewery. Subsequently he spent a year and a half in Schlather's Brewery and then made his way to Massillon, Ohio, where for six, months he was employed by the Schosten Brewing Company. He next went to Chicago and attended the Wahl-Henius Institute of Fermentology for four months and then, returning to Cleveland, again entered the service of the Pilsener Brewing Company, remaining with the concern for two years. Afterward he removed to Mankato, Minnesota, and there acted in the capacity of fore- man for the Standard Brewing Company for two months. Again returning to Cleveland, he entered his present position as brewmaster of the Standard Brew- ing Company, and his services have proven of great value to his employers, his wide experience along this line having fully qualified him for the capable dis- charge of the important duties devolving upon him in this connection. On the 18th of November, 1902, in Cleveland, Mr. Pavlik was united in mar- riage to Miss Theresa Korecky, by whom he has a son, Chester, now five years of age. They reside in a pleasant home at No. 5712 Clark avenue. In politics Mr. Pavlik is somewhat independent, always taking into consideration the quail-