(RETURN TO THE TITLE PAGE) HISTORY OF CLEVELAND - 251 posed in his ability and loyalty. On the 1st of January, 1906, he was appointed the first assistant county prosecutor and served until January 9, 1909, when he resumed the practice of law in the American Trust building, giving his attention now to general practice. In 1906 he tried all the cases in the common pleas court brought against the bucket shops and convicted all persons tried. Some of the cases went to the supreme court, and that court rendered its first decision on the bucket law in Ohio. Mr. Lieghley also secured the conviction of Soloy for murder in the first degree, and he was the first criminal to be sentenced to electrocution in eight years. Associated with other attorneys he prosecuted Leo Czechowski et al for blackmailing a Catholic priest, and the trial, which lasted for seventeen days terminated in conviction. He has been interested in many murder cases and other cases of equal importance. He is recognized as one of Cleveland's strong trial lawyers, neglecting no point which has any bearing upon the case in any way and at the same time never neglecting to keep in prominence before court or jury the important points upon which the decision of every case finally turns. On the 17th of January, 1895, Mr. Lieghley was married to Miss Clara Marie Alexander, a daughter of J. Smith Alexander, of Marysville, Ohio, a lumber manufacturer and merchant, who also deals extensively in hay. Her mother bore the maiden name of Clara Marie Wood. Mr. and Mrs. Lieghley have two children, Helen and Phyllis. Mr. Lieghley belongs to the National Union, the Owls, the Masons, the Knights of Pythias and the Beta Theta Pi, a college fraternity. His social qualities render him popular in these various organizations. His ability at the bar is evidenced in many notable verdicts which he has won, and he is particularly strong in trial practice, for his careful analysis enables him clearly to determine the relation between cause and effect, to recognize every point that may have possible bearing upon his case, and at the same time his oratorical ability and his logical trend of thought enable him to present his cause with notable force before the courts. BENJAMIN PARMELY. Benjamin Parmely, a well known representative of the legal fraternity in Cleveland, his natural and acquired ability winning for him a creditable position as a member of the bar, was born in Ashland, Ohio, October 9, 1869. He represents one of the old families of the state. His grandfather, Sylvanus Parmely, came to Ohio from Vermont in 1805 and located at Sullivan where, seventy years ago, he built the old home, there spending his last days. He was a prominent figure in state politics and served as a member of the Ohi0 state legislature in the '40s. His father, M. B. Parmely, was a native of Lorain county, this state, and at different times engaged in merchandising in Ashland and Dayton, being connected with that line of business until his retirement about twenty years ago. He died on the old Parmely homestead in Sullivan, Ohio, September 13, 1908, at the age of eighty-two years. His wife, who bore the maiden name of Elizabeth Porter, was born at Lisbon, Ohio, and died in 1893. In the family of Mr. and Mrs. Parmely were six children, of whom three are yet living, the others being: Mrs. Myron T. Herrick and Mrs. Ralph Gray, of Cleveland. Benjamin Parmely supplemented his public school education, acquired in Dayton, by a two years' course of study in Garfield University, at Wichita, Kansas. Having determined upon the practice of law as a life work, he then entered the University of Michigan and won the Bachelor of Law degree upon his graduation with the class of 1892. Admitted to the bar in 1893 he at once began practice in Cleveland. For a year and a half he was attorney for the Fidelity & Casualty Company and then practiced with the law firm of Estep, Dickey, Carr & Goff and later with Kline, Carr, Tolles & Goff. In 1896 he organized the law 252 - HISTORY OF CLEVELAND firm of Wilcox, Collister, Hogan & Parmely, which maintained a continuous existence until 1903, since which time Mr. Parmely has been associated with James J. Hogan in a general practice, although they largely specialize in corporation law, in which department of jurisprudence Mr. Parmely is thoroughly familiar. His devotion to his clients' interests is proverbial, and he gives to them the benefit 0f unwearied industry and wide legal learning. He served as assistant United States attorney from May, 1901, until September, 1905, and had previously served as United States commissioner for six months. On the 16th of November, 1904, Mr. Parmely was married at Columbus, Ohio, t0 Miss Mary E. Tolford, a daughter of Colonel W. O. Tolford, of that place. She was a reigning belle in social circles of the capital city and has taken a prominent position in the social life of Cleveland. Mr. and Mrs. Parmely now have a little daughter, Elizabeth, who is a year old. Mr. Parmely belongs to the Phi Delta Phi, a college fraternity, to the Country, Union and Hermit Clubs, to the Cleveland Young Republican Club, the Nisi Prius Club, the Exclusive Legal Club, of Cleveland, and to the Cleveland Bar Association. These membership relations indicate clearly the nature of his interests. He recognizes the duties and obligations as well as the privileges of citizenship and is appreciative of the social amenities of life, yet he makes his profession his chief concern, and his devotion to his clients' interests is a salient feature in his successful professional career. OSCAR JAMES CAMPBELL. Oscar James Campbell, whose thorough preparatory training coupled with his laudable ambition foretokened the success which he has won as a member of the Cleveland bar, was for some time engaged in practice in partnership relations but is now alone, and a good clientage is accorded him, connecting him with many of the litigated interests of the district. He was born in Cuba, New York, April 27, 1846. His father, James M0re Campbell, was born in Cherry Valley, New York, May 28, 1801, and died April 27, 1876, after devoting many years to active farming. He was a son of Robert Campbell, also a native of Cherry Valley. The ancestry is traced back to the Campbell clan in Scotland, and representatives 0f the name, leaving the land 0f hills and heather, established their home in Ireland at the time of the Monmouth rebellion, in which the great-great-grandfather of O. J. Campbell took active part, his identification therewith causing him to flee the country. Robert Campbell, the grandfather, also had an interesting military chapter in his history, for he served as a captain in the war of 1812. The mother of 0. J. Campbell was Melinda Morey, who was born in Fabius, New York, April 25,. 1808, and died in 1886. Her family numbered three sons. Edwin, who was born in 1829, became a teacher of Allegany county, New York, and served as county superintendent of schools, He died in 1866. Francis, born in 1837, was for many years identified with mining and ranching in California but is now living retired. O. J. Campbell, the youngest of the family, after attending the public schools of his native town, continued his education in Alfred University of New York and in the high scho0l at Ravenna. Ohio. He then went into the army as paymaster's clerk and so continued from 1863 until 1865. Resuming his studies after the close of the war-for he had enlisted when but a boy—he entered the University of Michigan. from which he was graduated with the Bachelor of Arts degree in 1870 and with the Bachelor of Law degree in 1873. In his college days he was at the head of a glee club and in his younger manhood was much interested in music and sang in opera in various local entertainments. He possessed a fine bass voice, and his interest in the art, together with his ability made him a great favorite in musical circles. Returning,- to Cleveland. he served as deputy clerk of the courts until 1874, when he entered upon the active HISTORY OF CLEVELAND - 253 practice of his profession as a member of the firm of Hutchins & Campbell, his two partners being Judge Hutchins and his father. The association was maintained until about 1882 or 1883, when the senior partner went upon the bench, and since that time Mr. Campbell has been alone in a practice which has constantly developed in extent and importance. He is well versed in the various departments of the law, is thoroughly devoted to the interests of his clients, and his conscientious and careful preparation of his cases and his clear presentation in the courts are the strong elements in what is termed a successful legal career. On the l0th of June, 1876, Mr. Campbell was married to Miss Fannie A. Fuller, a daughter of Augustus and Mary (Hutchins) Fuller, the latter an aunt of Judge Hutchins. Two sons and a daughter have been born of this marriage. Oscar James, born August 16, 1879, is a graduate of Harvard University, which has conferred upon him the B. A. and M. A. degrees. He is now an instructor at Harvard, where he is also studying literature. From 1905 until 1907 he was instructor in English and international law at the United States Naval Academy in Annapolis. For a year previous he had been in Berlin, Germany, pursuing his studies under private instruction. He married Emily Fuller and they have one child, Eunice. Charles Fuller, born in 1883, was graduated from the University of Michigan with the B. A. degree in 1905, and is now in the lumber business in Grand Rapids. He married Cornelia Sweet. The daughter, Jean, is a graduate of the Middleberger School of Cleveland of the class of 1902, and is now teaching in Laurel School, a private school for girls in this city. In his political views Mr. Campbell is a republican but not an active party worker. He belongs to the Alpha Delta Phi fraternity ; in professional relations is connected with the Cleveland bar and Ohio State Bar Associations ; and in religious faith is a Presbyterian, his membership being in the Euclid Avenue church, in which he takes active and helpful part. HERMAN HENRY HACKMAN. Various corporate interests profit by the business discernment and keen enterprise of Herman Henry Hackman, who figures prominently in the commercial circles of this city as the senior partner of the H. H. Hackman Leather Company. His parents, Joseph and Margaret (Schwartz) Hackman, were both natives of the north of Germany. The son, however, was born in Cleveland, October 25, 1847, and with the period of the city's greatest commercial and industrial development he has been closely associated, for after attending the public and parochial schools here to the age of fourteen years, he entered upon active business life and has since continued a factor along lines of activity that have not only contributed to his individual success but have also been features in public progress. He entered the employ of his father, who was a mason contractor, and learned the trade of brick-laying. At the same time he was learning much that was even more valuable-the power and effectiveness of unabating industry and unfaltering perseverance as factors in the business world. For two and a half years he continued to engage in brick-laying and at the end of that time secured the position of cashier with the Western Union Telegraph Company, acting in that capacity for four years. Throughout this period he was constantly on the alert for an opening or an opportunity that would lead him into still larger undertakings, and in 1868 he became connected with the leather findings business at 150 Seneca street, now West Third street, in ass0ciation with H. H. Wolke. The partnership was dissolved in 1887, when Mr Wolke retired and Mr. Hackman continued in the business alone, In 1896 he removed to the corner of Seneca and Long streets and in 1905 organized the present company, admitting his son, H. H. Hackman, and C. F. Baker to an interest in the business under the firm name of H. H. Hackman Leather Com- 254 - HISTORY OF CLEVELAND pany. They do business in general boot and shoe supplies and leather findings, having a trade which extends throughout northern Ohio and western Pennsylvania. It has reached large proportions, having enjoyed continuous and healthful growth under the directing influence of Mr. Hackman, who has closely studied the leather market and is thus able to make judicious purchases and profitable sales. It is seldom that a successful business man at the present time confines his attention alone to one line, for his cooperation is sought as a guiding force if not as an active factor in the management and control of various interests. Thus Mr. Hackman has become a director in the State Banking & Trust Company, in The Mars Wagar Realty Company and in the Broc Carriage & Wagon Company. He is also a trustee of the Western Reserve Insurance Company and is respected and honored among his associates and colleagues for the soundness 0f his judgment and his strict conformity to a high standard of commercial ethics. In 1878 was celebrated the marriage of Mr. Hackman and Miss Johanna Beckman, a daughter of one of the old Cleveland pioneers. Their children are Mrs. Louise Geurink, Herman Henry, Eugene, Anna, Joseph and Alfred. The parents hold membership in St. Agnes Catholic church, and Mr. Hackman is a councilman of the parish. He also belongs to the Mutual Benevolent Association and is not unmindful of his duties and obligations to his fellowmen, lending a helping hand wherever assistance is needed and the opportunity is presented, He is independent politically, yet is not remiss m the duties of citizenship, for he endorses many movements for the public good. He stands as a high type of the American citizen who is stimulated in his business activity by laudable ambition while his efforts are characterized as well by recognition of the rights of others. He is now at the head of one of the large leather enterprises of this city and his success is the merited reward of his own labor. W. A. CONGALTON. With thorough, practical training in the real-estate field, W. A. Congalton in March. 1906, took up business along that line on his own account and while conducting a general reallestate business is making a specialty of handling business property. His father, Robert Congalton, has for twenty-four years been connected with the Schneider & Trenkamp Company, having charge of the ornamenting department. W. A. Congalton was born at Guelph, Canada, in 1875 and came with his parents to Cleveland in his early boyhood, his education being pursued in the public schools of this city and in the Spencerian Business College, of which he is a graduate. With all the business world before him and various paths int0 which he might direct his first steps he chose railroad service, becoming a clerk in the relief department of the Pennsylvania Railroad Company in Cleveland. Later he embraced the opportunity for a forward step in accepting the position of assistant bookkeeper with the Standard Tool Company, with which he continued for three years. He was next with the old Savings & Trust Company on Euclid avenue for three years and during his connection with that bank had charge of itsl real-estate department prior to the time when the business was merged with the Citizens Trust Company. In 1902 he became associated with John H. Blood as a real-estate salesman, and during the four years of his incumbency in that position he gained experience that has made him one of the substantial reallestate men of the city. Thus step by step he has gradually advanced forward to the goal of prosperity, gaining from new experiences the lessons contained therein and applying it with accuracy to the needs and demands of the passing hour. In March, 1906, he embarked in business for himself and is today well known in real-estate circles, handling all classes of property but making a specialty of business realty. HISTORY OF CLEVELAND - 257 Mr. Congalton is well known in the Chamber of Commerce and also as a member of the Cleveland Athletic Club. He enjoys that popularity which comes from the appreciation on the part of one's fellowmen of sterling traits of character and of that business enterprise which is the indication of individual worth and laudable ambition. His fraternal relations are with the United Commercial Travelers, and, as yet unmarried, he makes his home with his father. SHELDON BECKWITH. Not all men gain state or national prominence or perhaps become widely known in their home locality, but there is no individual who does not leave his impress for good or evil upon those with whom he comes in contact, and well it is if at the close of his career his name is mentioned with respect and honor as the proof of a useful and upright life. From his boyhood days to the time of his death Sheldon Beckwith was a resident of Cleveland and this part of the state, and though he did not seek to figure in any prominent public relation, his course was characterized by a devotion to duty that might well make his example one worthy of emulation. Mr. Beckwith was born in Garrettsville, Portage county, Ohio, December 27, 1838. His parents, Thomas and Harriett (Beardsley) Beckwith, were natives of Lynn, Massachusetts, and on leaving New England in the early '30s settled at Garrettsville after traveling across the country in a wagon after the primitive transportation methods of the time. The father became a well known farmer there and continued his residence in Portage county until about 1845 or 1846, when he removed with his family to Cleveland. Sheldon Beckwith largely acquired his education in the public schools of Garrettsville and afterward had the opportunity of attending Hiram College at Hiram, Ohio, for two years. Following the removal of the family to Cleveland he was employed for four years in nurseries belonging to Dr. Taylor, and this gave him an intimate knowledge of the business, so that when he established a nursery for himself he was well qualified by experience and training for its successful conduct. Two years later he accepted a position as teamster for the city and spent seven years in that way. He also served for five years as county and city assessor, and after the death of his father he took charge of the large farm, his father, on coming to Cleveland, having purchased one hundred and twenty-eight acres of land in the vicinity of Kinsman road and Eighty-first and Eighty-second streets. This district is now covered with residences and is thickly settled. For a long period Sheldon Beckwith continued to cultivate the fields, his capable management of farming interests bringing to him a substantial measure of success as the years went by. On the 14th of November, 1864, Mr. Beckwith was married to. Miss Anzonette Page, a daughter of David and Mary (Allen) Page, who came from the state of New York to Cleveland in 1821, when this city contained a population of less than a thousand. He was a carpenter and cabinet-maker by trade. Mrs. Beckwith was born in Brooklyn, Ohio, now a: part of Cleveland, December 5, 1840, and has here spent her entire life watching the development of this city from villagehood. She is well known as a member of the Early Settlers' Association, and her long connection with Cleveland enables her to speak with intimate and accurate knowledge concerning events of historic importance. By her marriage she became the mother of two daughters and a son: Mrs. Fannie M. Cogan, the wife of Willis D. Cogan ; and George S., who is now a draftsman with the Warner Swasey Company, manufacturers of machine tools and astronomical instruments. The oldest child, Nellie, died at the age of three years and nine months. The death of Mr. Beckwith occurred on the 3d of June, 1906, when he had reached the age of sixty-eight years. He was a republican in his political views 258 - HISTORY OF CLEVELAND and always kept informed on the questions and issues of the day but never sought nor desired the honors and emoluments of public office. One of the strongest influences of his life was found in his belief in the teachings of the church. For many years his membership was in Plymouth church and later he became a member, trustee and deacon of the East Madison Congregational church. He was appreciative of all those things which have true value in life, recognizing that above all else character building is the one thing to which individual thought should be given. His was never a self-centered life, but was one in which recognition of the rights of others and of his obligations to his fellowmen was a prominent feature. EDWIN CHESTER. Seventy-five years covered the life record of Edwin Chester, and the entire period was passed in Cleveland or Cuyahoga county, so that his record was one of close identification with the interests of this section of the state. He was born in that section of Brooklyn township which is now included in the corporation limits of Cleveland, on the l0th of April, 1832, and died on the 23d 0f May, 1907. His parents, Simeon and Evelyn (Fish) Chester, leaving their home in Connecticut, made the overland trip to Cleveland in 1824. Western New York, Pennsylvania and Ohio were largely unsettled districts in which the timber was uncut, so that much of the way the family traveled through unbroken 'forests. At length, however, they safely reached their destination, and the family home was established in Brooklyn township, in that section which now constitutes the west side of Cleveland. The city was of very small proportions and gave little promise of the rapid development and progress which would be carried forward as the years passed on. The shipping interests, too, were of slight importance, and the great natural resources 0f the state were as yet largely undeveloped. As in every pioneer community the settlers were first engrossed with the tilling of the soil, for the cultivation of crops is the primal task that claims the attention of the white race. Simeon Chester was a farmer and gave his attention to general agricultural pursuits and also to teaching school. In the public schools of Brooklyn township Edwin Chester pursued his early education and later attended the academy in the village of Br0oklyn. When twenty years 0f age he entered the Michigan State University, at Ann Arbor, where he studied civil engineering, but owing to illness was forced to abandon the course one year before the date of graduation. Returning to Cleveland he took up the trade of carriage making, which he followed until after the outbreak of the Civil war, when he responded to the country's call for troops. When peace was restored between the two sections of the country he returned to Cleveland and soon afterward took up contracting and carpentering, in which field he continued until he retired from active business in 1890. In the ancestral history of the family is an interesting military chapter, for Simeon Chester, the grandfather, served with distinction in the Revolutionary war, while his son, Simeon Chester, Jr., was in active service in the war of 1812. Edwin Chester himself was a valiant soldier, enlisting on the 12th of August, 1862, as a member of Battery B, Ohio Light Artillery, under command of General James Barnett. He participated in the battles of Logan's Cross Roads, Stone River, Chattanooga and many others of minor importance. At different times he was under command 0f Generals Rosecrans, Buell, Thomas, Palmer and Crittenden, and continued at the front until honorably discharged on the 16th of June, 1865, at Chattanooga, Tennessee. He never faltered in the performance of any military duty but bravely faced the enemy on every necessary occasion and made a creditable military record. His son, Robert C. Chester, enlisted in May, 1898, as a member of Troop A, of the First Ohio Cavalry to serve in the Spanish- HISTORY OF CLEVELAND - 259 American war, and on the expiration of his six months' term he reenlisted, in October, 1898, joining the United States Cavalry with which he went to Cuba, remaining two years with the army of occupation there. He was then honorably discharged on account of disability. Thus four generations of the family have been represented in the four famous wars of the country, and never has there been uttered a word that would show a lack of loyalty or bravery on the part of any one of the representatives of the four generations who have carried arms in defense of American interests. On the 4th of lay, 1859, Mr. Chester was united in marriage to Miss Emily A. Roberts, a daughter of Louis and Anna (Rhoades) Roberts, the former born in 1814 and the latter in 1817. Both were of Welsh descent. The Roberts family was established in Connecticut about 1700, when ancestors of the name came from Wales. Successive generations were there represented, the ancestral home of the family being maintained in Connecticut, when Louis Roberts, in September, 1829, came to Cleveland, where he followed farming. His wife was born in this city and is a granddaughter of Rudolphus Edwards, Sr., who came here with Moses Cleveland in 1796 and was chain-bearer at the time of the first survey of Cleveland. Unto Mr. and Mrs. Chester have been born four children : Clara ; Frederick E., who is a carpenter and contractor of Hamilton, Ohio; Margaret E.; and Robert C., a carpenter of this city. Mrs. Chester is a member of the Early Settlers' Association, having spent her entire life in Cuyahoga county, so that she is well acquainted with the history of this section. In his political views Mr. Chester was a republican and always kept well informed on the questions and issues of the day but had no desire for office. He was a member of Brooklyn Post, No. 268, Grand Army of the Republic, served as its commander and was also a member of the Odd Fellows Society. In community affairs he took an active interest, and although without political ambition he served for nine years as clerk of the board of education and also as assessor and clerk of Brooklyn township. Whatever tended to promote the public welfare elicited his interest and often received his cooperation. He lived to see many changes here as the work of transformation was carried steadily forward and Cleveland developed from a village to a city, its boundary lines being extended until it took in many sections which had hitherto been farm land, including the old homestead of the Chester family. He always rejoiced in the growth and progress of the city and was proud of what was accomplished in the line 0f general improvement and of the part which his family played in laying the foundation upon which the present prosperity and progress of Cleveland has since been built. Frank and fearless in the expression of his views and trustworthy in every relation of life, men came to know and esteem him as a man of his word, in whom the sterling principles of integrity, of diligence and of helpfulness found ready expression. REV. ALONZO MICHAEL. The world is better for the life of Alonzo Michael, who became a minister of the Presbyterian church and throughout his earthly pilgrimage cast the weight of his influence on the side of justice, truth and righteousness. He was born in Aberdeen, Maryland, in 1847 and was a graduate of Allegheny Seminary, thus supplementing his early educational privileges. Determining to enter upon the work of the ministry he matriculated in the theological seminary at Princementon, and when he had qualified for this holy calling he began preaching in the Presbyterian church at Little Britain, Lancaster county, Pennsylvania. Later he removed to Taylorville, Illinois, then to Lincoln, Illinois. After remaining there for a time he removed to Lisbon, Ohio, where he acted as pastor of the Presbyterian church until he was compelled to resign on account of ill health. 260 - HISTORY OF CLEVELAND Eighteen years ago he came t0 Cleveland and for a time took a much needed rest, thus partially regaining his health. Indolence and idleness, however, were utterly foreign to his nature, and he could not content himself without doing some active work for the cause of the church that he so dearly loved. He therefore took up the task of organizing a Sunday school on the south side, and this was the beginning of the South Side Presbyterian church, which is now one of the most effective forces in the religious development of the city. While his health prevented him from taking the active part in church work that he desired, he always continued an influential factor therein, and the weight of his influence was always on the side of upbuilding and improvement in the moral development of the community. Mr. Michael was married in Lancaster county, Pennsylvania, to Miss Grace B. McSparran, a native of Lancaster county, who was indeed a faithful companion and helpmate to her husband on his journey of life, assisting him heartily in all of his church work by her ready sympathy, her tact, and her own devotion to the cause of Christianity. They became the parents of four children: James M., who is traveling for the Hobart Electric Company ; and Ehzabeth 0.; Amelia R. and Grace Bell, all of whom are at home with their mother. Mr. Michael on coming to Cleveland built a nice home on Scranton road, where the family now reside. His death occurred in 1893, but the measure of his life's work cannot be taken until his influence ceases its fruition in the good that is done by others by reason of his precept and example. He enjoyed the fullest regard of the leading church workers of the city and the respect of all with whom he came in contact, for he had a rich mind and kind heart and a catholic spirit, which recognized the brotherhood of the race, and sought to do good to all men. WILLIAM SINTON FITZGERALD. It is ability that has gained for William Sinton FitzGerald the creditable p0sition which he is filling at the Cleveland bar, for he is yet a young man. He has, however, become well known here not only in connection with the profession but as an orator, whose ability has brought him prominently before the public on many occasions. A native of Washington, D. C., Mr. FitzGerald was born October 6, 1880, a son of David and Esther (Sinton) FitzGerald. His paternal grandfather, David FitzGerald, Sr., was born in Canada and died in Bombay, where he was buried in the English cemetery. He was a subaltern in the British army, serving with the Forty-fourth Regiment of English Infantry, and died at the age of thirty-three years. His son and namesake, David FitzGerald, Jr., was born in London, England, June 8, 1843, and came to the United States in the early '60s. He had formerly graduated from Trinity College, England, and was a civil engineer. He had been a resident of America for but a brief period when he offered his services in behalf of the Union. He acted as General Belknap's adjutant until severely wounded, being struck in the thigh by a shell. He never fully recovered, being in poor health thereafter until his death, which occurred in Washington, D. C., October 31, 1897. After his injury he was appointed by President Grant as librarian of the war department library and thus served for nearly thirty years or until his demise. His wife was born at Jedburgh, Scotland, May 1, 1857. She was a daughter of Thomas Sinton, a contractor, who built many bridges in Scotland and conducted an extensive business in that country. He was born in the land of hills and heather, but spent his last years in Keokuk, Iowa. William S. FitzGerald, the only living child of his father's family, was educated in the public schools and the high school of Washington, D. C., from which he was graduated in 1897. He further pursued his education in the Columbian University at the nation's capital and in the Columbian Law School, from which HISTORY OF CLEVELAND - 263 he was graduated with the Bachelor of Law degree in 1903. The following year he pursued a post-graduate course and won his Master of Law degree. In 1904 he was admitted to the bar in Washington and the same year was admitted to practice in the Ohio courts. He entered upon the active work of his profession, however, in the capital city, there remaining until October, 1904, when he came to Cleveland, where he has since practiced, his ability gaining him substantial and also creditable recognition as one of the able members of the Cleveland bar. His knowledge of the law is comprehensive and exact, and his application of its principles accurate. He is seldom if ever at fault in quoting a precedent or point at law, and the earnestness and zeal with which he defends the interests of his clients is another potent element in his success. Moreover, he possesses marked oratorical abihty, being widely recognized as a forceful, logical and entertaining speaker. This has led to his selection as presiding officer on various public occasions. At the fifth annual McKinley day banquet, January 29, 1908, he acted as toastmaster and delivered a most entertaining introductory address. On the occasion of the McKinley day banquet on January 29, 1906, he was the orator of the day. On the former occasion President Taft was among the guests. Mr. FitzGerald's ability as a speaker has made his services much in demand for campaign addresses. He is recognized as one of the prominent republicans of Cleveland and has been a delegate to several county and state conventions. He was one of the two county examiners whose duty it is to examine all contracts where the county is interested, having been appointed to this position by the court of common pleas to which his report was made. Although frequently solicited to become a candidate for office, he has always refused, as his ambition lies in other channels. However, he is untiring in his efforts to promote the interest and success of his party and was chairman of the Cuyahoga county republican league in 1907. He is the president of the Tippecanoe Club, a republican organization, was chairman of the speakers' committee at the republican picnic held in Cleveland in August, 1908, and was elected a member of the republican state central committee from the twenty-first congressional district. He belongs to the Obiter, a club of young lawyers, and he is also connected with the Masonic fraternity, the Phi Sigma Kappa, a Greek letter fraternity, and with the Presbyterian church. Although a young man, whose life record does not yet cover three decades, he is widely and popularly known in Cleveland, figuring prominently in public affairs as well as in the profession which he has chosen as his life work. ELROY McKENDREE AVERY. The labors of Dr. Elroy McKendree Avery have been a decided stimulus to the world's progress. He has the ability of judging any situation in its fullest breadth, of realizing its connecting interests, and in educational lines, especially, he has accomplished a special work that has been of the greatest benefit to his fellowmen. For nearly forty years he has been recognized as one of the prominent educators of Cleveland and during much of this period as one of the exponents of physical science in the United States. He is widely known in this connection as a teacher, lecturer and author, and his reputation has been won through the able discharge of duties connected with positions which demanded strong powers of discrimination. As an important factor in bringing about those wholesome reforms which are springing up in the political life of the nation, Dr. Avery has also been prominent. He has exercised his official prerogatives in a marked degree for the furtherance of charities and moral reforms through public legislation. 264 - HISTORY OF CLEVELAND Dr. Avery inherits many of his sterling qualities from an honorable and honored ancestry, but their development has been due to his own determination, his interest and participation in those vital affairs which go to make up existence for the race at the present day. The founder of the American branch of the family was Christopher Avery, wh0 with his only son came from England and landed at Salem, Massachusetts, the records giving this act about 1640. They also indicate that he was a selectman of Gloucester for eight years, that he became a resident of Boston and later removed to New L0ndon, Connecticut, where he was made a freeman in 1669. He died ten years later. His only child, James Avery, the founder of the Groton Averys, married Joanna Greenslade and s0on followed the younger Winthrop, his intimate friend, to New London. There he became a rich land owner and in 1656 built the "Hive of the Averys" at Poquonnock Plain in the town of Groton, where he lived until his death. After giving shelter to eight successive generations of the Groton Averys, the old "Hive" was destroyed by fire in July, 1894. Captain James Avery was both a famous Indian fighter and peacemaker, two characters which were apt to be closely related. At his death, April 18, 1700, he had served for twenty years as townsman, twenty years as a member of the Connecticut general court, several times as peace commissioner and for many years as assistant judge of the county court. He was twice married, his second wife being Mrs. Abigail Holmes. Through John, William, Abraham (an officer of the Revolution) and Amos Walker the line descends to Casper Hugh, the father of Elroy McKendree Avery. Lieutenant Abraham Avery married Mercy Packer, of Groton, Connecticut, and about 1794 removed with his family t0 New York, settling later at Preston, Chenango county, and dying at Earlville, Madison county, in 1843. Amos W. Avery, his third son, was a native of Colerain, Massachusetts, and in 1808 married Nancy McCutcheon. He resided successively in New York and Michigan and died at LaSalle, Monroe county, Michigan, in 1863. His eldest child, Casper H., was born at Preston, New York, July 25, 1809, settled at Erie, Michigan, in 1833 and on September 26, 1843, married Miss Dorothy Putnam. She died March 1, 1868, and he followed March 5, 1873. Elroy McKendree Avery, the eldest 0f the children of Mr. and Mrs. Casper H. Avery, was born at Erie, Monroe c0unty, Michigan, July 14, 1844. His father soon removed from the farm to the county seat, and there the boy acquired his early education and also his first business experience as a newspaper carrier, billposter and distributer. Naturally a student, however, he was adjudged by the local authorities qualified to teach in Frenchtown township when he was only sixteen years of age. When the first company in Monroe county-called the Smith Guards—was raised in response to the call for Union troops, Mr. Avery joined it, but, although it went to the front as Company A, Fourth Michigan Infantry, he was then denied a muster in it on account of his years. On the 14th of July, 1861, however, he rejoined his friends and classmates at Georgetown Heights near Washington city, just on the eve of advance toward Bull Run. The first week of his seventeenth year closed with the first battle of Bull Run, and the youth returned t0 his home with the First Michigan Regiment after its three months' service. He reenlisted in the Fifteenth and Seventeenth Michigan Regiments, but parental authority interfered in his being mustered in. In 1863, however, he actually entered the ranks of Company E, Eleventh Michigan Cavalry, remained with his command through its campaigns under Stoneman, Burbridge, and others and on the battlefield of Saltville, Virginia, was promoted from private to sergeant major. In addition to performing his military duties, he served as a war correspondent of the Detroit Daily Tribune, this being the beginning of a journalistic career which was continued many years after the war. In August, 1865, he was mustered out of the service at Pulaski, Tennessee. At once reentering the Monroe (Mich.) high school, the returned soldier prepared for the University of Michigan, which he entered in September, 1867, The four years of his c0llegiate course were made possible by work as principal HISTORY OF CLEVELAND - 265 of the Battle Creek (Mich.) high school for four months and editorial service on the Detroit Tribune. Before being graduated in June, 1871, he accepted the superintendency of the Charlotte (Mich.) schools, but was released from his engagement to assume a like position in the East Cleveland (Ohio) schools, offered him in July. In the following month he resigned his editorial chair to take up his school work at East Cleveland. In the following year the village of East Cleveland was annexed to the city of Cleveland, and Mr. Avery became principal of the East high school. In 1878 the East high school and the Central high school were consolidated, and Mr. Avery became principal of the Cleveland Normal School. The next year he retired from the pedagogical but not from the educational field. For two seasons thereafter he delivered popular experimental lectures on the new electric light. In 1881 he began the organization of Brush electric light and power companies in the largest cities of the country. His record of more than two score such companies has not been equaled by any other man in the country. In the meantime Dr. Avery had come into prominence as an author of high school text-books on physical science. In 1876 was published his Elementary Physics, which was immediately adopted by the Cleveland high schools; Elements of Natural Philosophy appeared in 1878; Physical Technics, in 1879; Teachers' Handbook of Natural Philosophy, in 1879; Elements of Chemistry, in 1881; Teachers' Handbook of Chemistry, in 1882; Complete Chemistry, in 1883; First Principles of Natural Philosophy, in 1884; School Physics, in 1895; Elementary Physics, in 1897; and School Chemistry, in 1904. He is also the author of the following works: Words Correctly Spoken, 1887; Columbus and the Columbia Brigade, 1892; The Town Meeting, 1904. For a quarter of a century he has had in preparation a History of the United States and Its People, to be complete in sixteen volumes-his great life work; seven volumes had been published in 1909. Dr. Avery is a member of the American Historical Society, a life member of the Ohio Archaeological and Historical Society and of the American Economic Association; a life member and trustee of the Western Reserve Historical Society; a fellow of the American Association for the Advancement of Science; a charter member of the Forest City Post, G. A. R., and the founder and first president of the Western Reserve Society of the Sons of the American Revolution. Ile is also a charter member of Woodward Lodge, F. & A. M., a Knight Templar and a thirty-second degree Mason and a member of the Zeta Psi, a collage fraternity. Upon graduation in 1871 he received the degree of Ph. B., and subsequently those of Ph. M., Ph. D., and the honorary degree of LL.D. Dr. Avery's public record, already noted, included service in the Cleveland city council in 1891-2 and in the Ohio senate in 1893-97. In the former body he represented the East End (sixth) district, which returned him by the largest majority given any candidate in the city. In municipal legislation he was the leader in the gas reduction and other reforms; was the chairman of the committees which investigated the street railroads and the city infirmary ; was the author of the anti-smoke ordinance and was an earnest advocate for the founding of a city farm school for the benefit of vicious youths and abandoned and friendless children. His campaign for the state senate-for which he was an unwilling nominee—was magnificently conducted and, in point of majority, put him at the head of the legislative ticket. His senatorial record marked him as an able legislator, whose mind was chiefly fixed on the advancement of the higher interests of the commonwealth. As second president of the Ohio Conference on Charities and Corrections he first came into state prominence in this noble field of action, to which he has never ceased to give his best efforts. On the incorporation of the Children's Fresh Air Camp in 1895, he was chosen president, a position to which he was elected thirteen successive terms. Upon his refusal to serve another term, he was chosen honorary president. Dr. Avery found the camp with property valued at about three hundred dollars; he left it with property valued at 266 - HISTORY OF CLEVELAND about one hundred and fifty thousand dollars and rich in the confidence and good will of the people of northern Ohio. In 1905 Dr. Avery was one of twelve commissioners appointed by the board of education to make a study of every department of the public schools of the city. He was a member of several of the committees of the commission and chairman of the committee on the work and course of study in the common schools. The herculean task of the "Avery committee" was entered upon with enthusiasm, the search was radical and thoroughgoing, the findings were fearless and the results far-reaching and important. Its report was approved by the commission and published in pamphlet form by the board of education. It was printed in full in the local daily press and in the leading educational periodicals of the country. One eastern publishing house printed twenty thousand copies for gratuitous distribution, and many of the metropolitan newspapers gave it editorial comment and appr0val. Dr. Avery found abundant compensation for his six months' w0rk in the minimizing of the "frills and feathers" features of courses of study in the common schools of Cleveland and of many other communities between the Atlantic and the Pacific. On July 2, 1870, Dr. Avery wedded Miss Catherine Hitchcock Tilden, who had succeeded him in the principalship of the Battle Creek high school. She was his able assistant during his career as a teacher in Cleveland and has been in every way a true companion and helpmate. ALEXANDER HYND. On the list of architects who have had to do with this line of work in Cleveland, making a specialty of marine building, is Alexander Hynd, partner in the firm of Nacey & Hynd, marine architects and consulting engineers. He is one of America's sons only by adoption, for his birth occurred in Dundee, Scotland, on the 4th of July, 1865. His father, James Hynd, who was born in the same locality, was a ship painter and decorator, and he and his father, David Hynd, were in business in Dundee for over sixty years. He was quite successful in his undertakings and was a leading and influential resident of that city. He died in 1901, while his wife, who bore the maiden name of Mary Moir and who was also a native of Dundee, passed away in 1903. Alexander Hynd was educated in the Dundee high school, and also in evening science classes at the Young Men's Christian Ass0ciation conducted under the Science and Art Department of South Kensington. He afterward attended Dundee University, where he received a technical education along engineering lines. He served his apprenticeship in the marine shops of William B. Thompson at Dundee, manufacturer of marine machinery, there learning to design, erect and assemble engines. He next went to sea as an engineer in the Orient Royal Mail line of London for the British and Burmese Steam Navigation Company of Glasg0w, spending five years in that way. He rose to the rank of chief engineer and received the certificate and a rank from the Board of Trade as a first-class engineer. During this period he visited all of the ports 0f Australia, Madras, Colombo, points in south Africa, etc. Mr. Hynd resigned his position with that company in 1891 in order to come to America, believing that the opportunities of the new world were superior to those furnished in the Orient or in European countries. After a few months he located in Cleveland, becoming a draftsman with the Globe Iron Works Company, with which he remained until 1895, during which period many of the notable vessels in the lake service were constructed by the c0mpany, including the steamers Northwest and Northland. During that time he was also engaged on plans for the Woodland Avenue power house, the first electrical equipment of the West Side Railroad. From 1895 until 1897 he was draftsman with the Brown HISTORY OF CLEVELAND - 269 Hoisting Machinery Company, and in the latter year he entered the employ of the Great Lakes Register as an assisting engineer, so continuing until 1900, when he was made chief engineer. This company was an association incorporated to inspect and classify all lake vessels. Mr. Hynd continued until 1903, during which time he traveled to every port on the lakes. In the year mentioned he resigned to engage in business for himself, organizing the firm of Nacey & Hynd, taking over the business established by Robert Logan. They have had charge of the construction of some of the largest lake vessels on the lakes, including the steamers, William M. Mills, Le-Grand, S. De Graft and William B. Kerr. Mr. Hynd was also in charge of the construction of several of the largest car ferries on the lakes belonging to the Pere Marquette line besides a large number of freight vessels. He also acts as consulting engineer. Since the organization of the firm they have enjoyed a gratifying success, many important contracts being awarded them. Mr. Hynd, aside from his partnership relation, is a director of the Ashtabula Steamship Company, owning the steamer' Normania, and in the line of his profession he has various membership relations, belonging to the Cleveland Engineering Society, the Society of Naval Architects and Marine Engineers of New York, In 1892 Mr. Hynd was married to Miss Janet Smith, of Dundee, whose father was manager for Charles Parker, Sons & Company, engineers of Dundee. They have four children: Davina Smith, Albert James, Alexander Hubert and Frederick Stuart. The parents are members of the First Congregational church. Mr. Hynd takes his recreation in outdoor sports and boating. He has always been mechanically inclined, and, choosing as a field of labor that line of work for which nature intended him, he has made steady progress, advancing far on the highroad to prosperity. JOHN ALFRED STARAL, M. D. Dr. John Alfred Staral, practicing medicine with offices at No. 2087 East Fifty-fifth street and 856-58 Rose building, in Cleveland, is one of the younger representatives of the profession who is making steady progress therein. He was born in Akron, Ohio, September 11, 1881. His father, Frank J. Staral, manager of the Gardner Printing Company, has been identified with the printing industry in Cleveland during the greater part of the time for forty-five years, having located here in 1865, In 1869 he removed to Akron and was there connected with the Daily Beacon until his return to Cleveland in 1887. His wife bore the maiden name of Bertha Wiesenberger. Both were born in Bohemia, Mr. Staral arriving in America in 1865 at the age of eighteen years, while the year of Mrs. Staral's arrival was 1871. Dr. Staral entered the Cleveland public schools at the usual age and mastering the branches taught in consecutive grades was promoted from time to time until he completed the Central high-school course by graduation in 1900. He was at that time treasurer of his class and later was elected permanent treasurer. The practice of medicine seemed to him an attractive field, and with the purpose of becoming a representative of the profession he entered the medical department of the Western Reserve University, from which he was graduated with the M. D. degree in 1904. He afterward spent one year at the Lakeside Hospital in private ward service and then went abroad, remaining in Europe for fourteen months, during the greater part of which time he was at Prague, where he pursued general lines of post-graduate study, benefitting by the instruction of eminent physicians and surgeons of the old world. Shortly after his return to his native land Dr. Staral, on the 1st 0f February, 1907, entered upon the private practice of general medicine and surgery, which he has since continued. During 1907 he held the chair of assistant at the Tuber- 270 - HISTORY OF CLEVELAND culosis Dispensary of the Western Reserve University, and he is now medical examiner for the Southern States Mutual Life Insurance Company and the Protected Home Circle. He belongs to the Cleveland Academy of Medicine, the Ohio State Medical Society and the American Medical Association. He is also known in the Phi Rho Sigma, a college fraternity, in the Knights of Pythias lodge and in different branches of Masonry, with which he has become allied, He is making steady progress in his chosen life work and all that he does is actuated by laudable ambition and conscientious effort, CLAYTON HUNTER FOOTE. Clayton Hunter Foote stands as a high type of the American citizen to whom the field of business has offered full scope for his energy and enterprise —his dominant qualities—while in the relations of citizenship his course has ever been a commendable and exemplary one. He recognizes at once the obligations which conditions of society at the present day impose and has never been so engrossed with personal interests that he could not find time or opportunity to aid in movements to conserve the best interests of the city or country at large. His home locality knows him as a man whose influence is ever on the side of progress and improvement, while in commercial circles of the state he has a wide acquaintance as the president and treasurer of the C. H. Foote Lumber Company and as the promoter of many other important business concerns. Clayton Hunter Foote was born August 2, 1863, near Rochester, Lorain county, Ohio, a son of Walter B. and Jane T. (Tanner) Foote. He is descended in the paternal line from one of the old colonial families of the country, his ancestors locating 0n this side the Atlantic when America was still numbered among the possessions of Great Britain. The first of the name was Nathanial Foote, who settled in Massachusetts in 1634, founding a family which in its ramifying branches is now a very numerous one. It was represented by loyal advocates of the cause of liberty in the Revolutionary war. Mrs. Foote, the mother, has a very interesting history on account of her activity as a temperance crusader and is now very prominent in the Woman's Christian Temperance Union. The father was a cattle buyer who removed to Cleveland in 1865, and Clayton H. Foote, then two years of age, afterward entered the public schools of the city, wherein he continued his studies until he had spent two years as a student in the Central high school. He made his initial step in business circles as an office boy in the Fisher & Wilson Lumber Company, and that he was competent, faithful and diligent is indicated in the fact that he remained with that company for ten years, on the expiration of which period he resigned his position, which at the time was that of manager of the lumber shipping department. In the passing years he had gained comprehensive knowledge of the business, of the methods in vogue in the commercial world and of the particular line of trade in which he was engaged, and with laudable ambition he perfected his arrangements for establishing business on his own account. In 1892 he opened a lumber yard on Seneca street, where he conducted business for six years, after which he went to the Kentucky lumber camps where he remained for a year. He then returned to Cleveland and again started in business tinder his own name while subsequently the enterprise was incorporated under the style of the C. H, Foote Lumber Company, Mr. Foote becoming its president and treasurer, while his sister, A. Medora Foote, became secretary. The company conducts a wholesale lumber business, its sales extending throughout the state of Ohio. All kinds of lumber are handled and the business has reached such proportions that it is now classed with the leading wholesale enterprises of the city. Mr. Foote is a man of resourceful business ability, however, and has not confined his attention t0 one line, his energy and enterprise proving dominant factors in the successful HISTORY OF CLEVELAND - 271 control of other interests. He was one of the organizers and is the president of the Glenville Lumber Company, is the president of the Scranton Road Lumber Company, a director of the Collingwood Lumber Company and treasurer of the Sawmill Company, of Chase City, Virginia, and aside from lumber interests he has become known in financial circles as one of the incorporators and directors of the Cleveland Savings & Loan Company and also as one of the organizers of the Reserve Loan Company, of which he was formerly president. Mr, Foote is identified with a number of societies which have for their object the promotion of trade interests. He belongs to the Cleveland Chamber of Commerce, to the Builders Exchange, to the Cleveland Credit Men's Association and to the Cleveland Board of Lumber Dealers, and the position of importance to which he has attained in lumber circles of the city and state makes his opinions of weight concerning business conditions as discussed in these various organizations. In 1889 Mr. Foote was united in marriage to Miss Maude Wentworth, a daughter of Nathanial Wentworth, a merchant of Cleveland. Their children are Florence, Marjory and Mabel. The family residence is in the eastern part of the city and Mr. Foote takes a deep and helpful interest in all that pertains to the welfare and progress of the community in material, intellectual, political and moral lines. He was a member of the Glenville city council, and it was largely through his influence that Glenville took a legal stand for temperance. Ile is himself a stanch opponent of the liquor traffic and manifests his opinions on this subject in the stalwart allegiance which he gives to the prohibition party. He belongs to the Park Congregational church and his life is actuated by high principles so that he measures up to the standard of honorable manhood. JOHN INGRAM. Among Cleveland's citizens from earliest time down to the present there has been none more loyal to the interests of the city or to American institutions than John Ingram, notwithstanding the fact that he was of foreign birth. His native land was England and the date of his nativity, February 23, 1836. He acquired his education there and came to America when seventeen years of age. He was a carpenter by trade and followed that pursuit for a time, but realizing that in the conditions of the city attendant upon its growth there was need for one competent to move buildings and do work of similar character, he turned his attention to that field of labor and thereafter engaged in the moving business, handling both frame and brick buildings, safes, boilers, etc. He had his own teams, employed many men and did an extensive business, devoting his entire life to the work. In this he was quite successful, receiving a liberal patronage, and as the years went by his labors brought him a substantial financial reward, On the 28th of July, 1859, Mr, Ingram was married to Miss Emily E. Southern, a daughter of William Southern, who came to Cleveland at a very early day from the state of New York. He was born, however, in Maryland. Following his removal to Ohio he purchased a tract of land in what is now Lakewood and followed gardening, spending the remainder of his life here. Unto Mr. and Mrs. Ingram were born eight children, of whom four are yet living: William J.. Erwin E. and Julius Robert, who are partners in a dry goods establishment ; and Emily E. In all matters relative to the welfare of the city Mr. Ingram was deeply, actively and helpfully interested. He was imbued with the thorough American spirit, regarding this the greatest country on earth, and was most loyal to its interests. He was a very intelligent and active man, honest, upright and hon- 272 - HISTORY OF CLEVELAND ored by all who knew him. His fellow townsmen, appreciating his worth and ability, elected him representative to the city council from his ward. He was a member of the Volunteer Firemen Company in early days and at all times did everything in his power to promote general progress and improvement. He was very domestic in his tastes and habits, finding his greatest happiness at his own fireside in the midst of his family. He erected a residence on what is now West Forty-seventh street and there he lived and died. He was also numbered among the prominent influential members of the Franklin Avenue Methodist Episcopal church and took great interest in its various activities. He was also most charitable, giving generously and freely of his means to the poor and needy. His loss not only came as a great blow to his family but was the occasion of deep and widespread regret to many friends, when 0n the 4th of February, 1902, at the age of sixty-six years, he was called to his final rest. He had established himself in business circles as a man of thorough reliability and good citizenship, and in church circles his worth was widely acknowledged. He left to his family the priceless heritage of an untarnished name, his many good qualities constituting an example that is well worthy of emulation. Since her husband's death Mrs. Ingram has removed to a new home on Grace avenue in Lakewood, where she is now most comfortably situated. She, too, has many friends here, and the hospitality of a large number of Cleveland's best homes is extended to her. WILM KNOX. Wilm Knox, the senior partner of the firm of Knox & Elliot, architects of Cleveland, was born in the suburbs of Glasgow, Scotland, January 20, 1858. His parents, Thomas and Margaret (Neilson) Knox, both died in that city, the former in 1882 and the latter in 1883. The father was for some years a representative of its building interests. In the Free Church Seminary at Glasgow Mr. Knox pursued his education until he was graduated in 1875, completing a general course. Later he pursued a special course in architecture and studies pertaining thereto both in his native city and in Edinburgh. When thorough training had equipped him for a successful business career he became the successor of Mr. Aitken in the firm of Moffett & Aitken, one of the oldest and best known firms of Edinburgh. In 1886, however, he left that city m order to travel and see something of the world. Upon visiting Chicago he became impressed with the fact that American buildings seemed to present something far ahead of his knowledge of the business, and he applied for a position with the firm of Burnham & Root, architects, who were then constructing the Rookery building which had attracted his attention. He was given a position, and he remained in the western metropolis, continuing with that firm for some time. Later he became office manager for Henry Ives Cobb, an eminent architect, who was then engaged in the construction of the Fisheries building at the World's Columbian Exposition, the University of Chicago buildings and the Newberry library. His removal to Cleveland in 1893 was occasioned by the fact that his wife's relatives resided in Painesville, not far from this city. He opened an office here and was alone for a few months, after which he admitted J. H. Elliot to a partnership that still exists under the firm style of Knox & Elliot. They have been the architects for many large office buildings, including the Confederation Life building, at Toronto, Canada; the Sun Life building, Montreal, Canada ; the American Screw Works building, at Hamilton, Ontario ; the Presbyterian church at Joliet, Illinois ; the Trinity Congregational church of Cleveland ; and the Rockefeller building, the largest and finest office building in Cleveland. They are now engaged on plans for the new building to be erected in Cleveland for the Brotherhood of HISTORY OF CLEVELAND - 275 Locomotive Engineers and also the handsome new building for the Elks, and they have also built many large manufacturing plants and handsome residences. On the 21st of June, 1891, in Painesville, Ohio, Mr. Knox was married to Miss Agnes Julia Child, a daughter of C. 0. Child of that place. They have three children, Carlos Child, Beulah Gillet and M. Neilson, aged respectively fifteen, thirteen and ten years. Their Cleveland residence, built two years ago, is at No. 2020 East Sixty-fifth street, while their summer home is at Gates Mill, where Mr. Knox purchased nineteen acres of woodland on a high elevation overlooking the valley —one of the most beautiful places in Cuyahoga county. For many years Mr. Knox has been especially interested in the study of mushrooms and is considered an authority on the subject. He has made water-color drawings of over two hundred and fifty different specimens of the edible plant and of the poisonous toadstool. He is now engaged in making hand-colored lithographic reproductions of these in sets which he is distributing to coworkers in this line of science. He has also given much study to sea-weeds and has the finest collection in this part of the country. His interests in scientific research of this character have led him to become a member of several botanical and historical societies throughout the country. He is likewise a member of the American Association for the Advancement of Science, the Chamber of Commerce and the Euclid and Rowf ant Clubs. In politics a republican, he takes a deep and active interest in the vital political questions of the day but has never been an aspirant for office. GEORGE M. PAGE. George M. Page is the senior partner of the firm of Page & Corbusier, architects of Cleveland. There is no surer proof of the capability of a business man than the patronage that is extended to him, and that Mr. Page has been prominently connected with the construction of many important buildings in Cleveland shows conclusively that he has attained creditable rank among the architects of the city. He was born in Rochester, New York, December 3, 1867. His father, Clark Deane Page, was a native of New Hampshire and by ox-team traveled westward, becoming one of the pioneer residents of Rochester, where he made his home as early as 1826. He was an inventor of considerable note and the patentee of the Page patent lime kiln and of other mechanical devices of worth. He married Miranda Thompson, a native of Medina, New York, and she is still living, making her home in Cleveland. Spending his youthful days in his father's home, George M. Page pursued his preliminary education in the public schools and was also a high-school student in Rochester. He likewise attended the Mechanics Institute at the same place, giving his attention to the study of architecture, machinery and mechanical drawing. Later he entered the office of Otto Bock, an architect of Rochester, with whom he remained for two years. On the expiration of that period he made his way to Buffalo, where he entered the firm of Lansing & Beisel and was afterward with the firm of Green & Wicks for one year. On the expiration of that period he went to New York city and entered the employ of W. W. Kent. He returned to Rochester and took charge of the city's architectural work under the water department and was connected therewith for three years. In 1896 he went to Boston and entered the service of C. H. Blackall, having charge of the office work for six years or until 1902. In that year Mr. Page opened an office in Cleveland under the firm name of Blackall & Page, architects. During this time he designed the W. A. Harshaw home at Cleveland, it being in colonial design. He is now completing the Ranney home for Mrs. J. R. Ranney at Shaker Lake, it being built after the French Louis XVI style. On the 22d of February, 1908, the firm of Page & Corbusier was formed, J. W. C. Corbusier being admitted to a partnership. They have 276 - HISTORY OF CLEVELAND done a splendid work in pine colonial architecture for T. E. Burton and have built an elegant home for him on Shaker Heights. Mr. Page was one of the designers of the Colonial Theater at. Boston, Massachusetts, and the designer of the Women's Club House at Huntington avenue in Boston. On the 18th of December, 1903, Mr. Page was united in marriage to Miss Marion Avery, of Rochester, and they have one daughter, Ruth. Mr. Page is a member of the Sons of the American Revolution, belonging to Cleveland Chapter, and he likewise belongs to the Euclid Avenue Baptist church. He is very fond of music and it has always been a point of interest in his life. His attention, however, has been largely given to his business affairs, and their capable direction constitutes a strong feature in his success. ADRIAN G. NEWCOMB. Adrian G. Newcomb, attorney at law, was born in New York city, April 27, 1881. He completed his collegiate course by graduation from Baldwin University in 1901, at which time he received the Bachelor of Arts degree. He won the Bachelor of Law degree on his graduation from the Western Reserve Law School with the class of 1903 and was then admitted to the bar after which he became associated with his brother, R. B. Newcomb, in the general practice of law. This association has since been maintained under the firm name of R. B. and A. G. Newcomb. NATHANIEL D. CHAPIN. Many business enterprises contribute to the commercial and industrial activity and consequent growth of Cleveland, and many men are factors in the development of the city along business lines. Nathaniel D. Chapin, however, is numbered among those who have made substantial contribution to the evolutionary activities of the city, occupying a prominent place among its manufacturers as the president-treasurer of the Billings-Chapin Company. He started upon life's journey in Cleveland, his natal day being October 12, 1861, his parents, Herman M. and Matilda (Fenno) Chapin. At an early period in the colonization of New England the Chapin family was there founded by Deacon Samuel Chapin, who came to America between the years 1633 and 1635 and resided in Boston until 1642, when he took his family to Springfield, Massachusetts, becoming a prominent factor in its affairs. He was a contemporary of Pynchon and Holyoke, names that figure prominently on the pages of early New England history. Near the public library in Springfield stands a bronze statute typifying "The Puritan" —Deacon Samuel Chapin. Herman M. Chapin, father of Nathaniel D. Chapin, was a native of East Walpole, New Hampshire, for in the intervening years representatives of the name had scattered over various sections of New England. He remained a resident 0f the east until 1848, when he came to Cleveland and here figured for many years as a successful business man and prominent citizen. He founded the well known packing-house of H. M. Chapin & Company, and his labors were effective forces in promoting the material development of the city through the middle portion of the nineteenth century. His wife was a native of Chelsea, Massachusetts. Nathaniel D. Chapin is indebted to the excellent public schools of Boston for the early education which he enjoyed, and later he attended a private school at Dedham, Massachusetts, the high school at Concord, Massachusetts, and the Central high school at Cleveland, from which he was graduated with the class HISTORY OF CLEVELAND - 277 of 1879. He entered business life as a clerk in the First National Bank of this city and remained there for two and a half years, while subsequently he spent a brief period with the Ohio Barb Fence Company but resigned to accept a position with Billings, Taylor & Company, manufacturers of paints and varnishes. lie later became secretary of that company and so continued until 1899, when the business was reorganized under the name of the Billings-Chapin Company, of which he became president and treasurer. In this connection he has done much to make Cleveland a world center in the manufacture of paints and varnishes and has always held to the highest standards in his business, demanding that the output of the factory shall be of most excellent grades and that the product shall come fully tip to the representation made in the advertising department. The house, therefore, sustains an unassailable reputation for commercial probity as well as enterprise, and its trade now brings a most gratifying annual revenue. Mr. Chapin is also interested in a number of other corporations in the city, and his keen business discernment and the determination with which he pursues a path that he has marked out have constituted important elements of success in other connections. He is a member of the National Association of Paint Manufacturers, of which he was elected treasurer in 1902, while in 1903 he was honored with election to the presidency. He is also a member of the branch bank committee of the Cleveland Trust Company. In 1888 Mr. Chapin was married in Newburyport, Massachusetts, to Miss Annie Spalding, a native of that place and a descendant of an old and numerous family of that section. Their two children are Nathaniel Thayer and Helen Miriam, the former a student at Yale College of the class of 1913. Mr. Chapin is a member of the Union and Country Clubs and also a member of St. Paul's Episcopal church. His political views are in accord with the principles of the republican party, and a few years ago, while a resident of Willoughby, he served as president of the town council and vice president of the board of education. The social, intellectual and moral influences of the community, which are of a commendable character, receive his earnest endorsement. He has never measured life by the only rule of self but has sought to form his opinions in accordance with those interests which have constituted moving forces in the world's progress and civilization. WILLIAM ALEXANDER THOMPSON. William A. Thompson, secretary and treasurer of the Mollen, Thompson & James Company, wholesale grocers, began his business life as an office boy. The steps in his orderly progression are easily discernible and have led him along a continuous path of advancement to his present important connection with the trade interests of the city. He was born in Cleveland October 15, 1877, and is of Irish lineage, his parents being Richard M. and Frances Elizabeth Thompson. The father, a native of Dublin, Ireland, was born in 1834 and came to America in 1874. Establishing his home in Cleveland he was for some years engaged in various business enterprises here, but is now living retired. In the public schools of Cleveland William A. Thompson acquired his education and after putting aside his text-books engaged as office boy with the Standard Oil Company, with which he remained for three years. He did not continue in his original position through that period but received successive promotions in recognition of his close application and reliability. At the end of that time he became connected with the firm of A. J. Wenham's Sons as bill clerk and subsequently was made bookkeeper, acting in that capacity until the house went out of business in 1906. The following year he joined John C. Mollen and Harry D. James in organizing the Mollen, Thompson & James Company for the conduct of a wholesale grocery, and manufacturing business. He was 278 - HISTORY OF CLEVELAND chosen secretary and treasurer of the new organization, which was capitalized for fifty thousand dollars, the three men owning a controlling interest. Although this is one of the new commercial enterprises of the city it has already met with creditable and substantial success, and its condition is that of healthful growth, On the 31st of December, 1903, Mr. Thompson was married to Miss Nellie Brimicombe, a daughter of Albert and Sophia (Holmes) Brimicombe, of Cleveland. They have one daughter, Florence Elizabeth, who is the light and life of their home. They reside at No. 10624 Tacoma avenue. Mr. Thompson is a member of the Commercial Travelers and is independent politically. He finds recreation in fishing, baseball and outdoor sports, in all of which he is keenly interested. His success is due to his energy and perseverance and to his quality of winning substantial friendships. His presence is one which inspires confidence, and his course bears out the good will and esteem which he easily wins. WILLIAM BENJAMIN FASIG. When death claimed William Benjamin Fasig on the 21st of February, 1902, the news of his demise brought a sense of personal bereavement to the great majority of those with whom he had been brought in contact, for his kindly spirit, his integrity and his sterling honesty had endeared him to those who knew him. As a horseman he had a national reputation and was accorded leadership in his line of business in the United States. With him honesty constituted a principle from which there could be no deviation and he hated nothing in the world except meanness and falsehood. No man loved justice more than he and his very presence at the great sales of his firm seemed t0 inspire the people with confidence. For a long time he was manager of the driving Park at Cleveland and when the Tattersalls came from London they made Mr. Fasig the manager of their business in New York and in Cleveland. He afterward began business on his own account as the senior partner of William B Fasig & Company, and in 1898 he formed a partnership with Edward A. Tipton. This company had almost a monopoly of the auction sales of thoroughbred and trotting harness horses throughout the country and all the large sales conducted the last few years have been held under their management. In addition to the use of Madison Square Garden, in New York, for several weeks for the most important of the sales held in the winter, various race tracks were utilized for large auctions during the summer months. The sales' paddock of the firm at Sheepshead Bay, Long Island, is the most perfectly equipped in the country. At Cleveland a large sale was held annually and the firm handled the stock 9f Marcus Daly and other equally prominent owners of fine horses. Mr. Fasig was particularly well known in trotting circles and in the '80s was active as one of the secretaries 0f the grand circuit meet. At the time of his death he had just become established in a new home which was formerly the property of Daniel Drew. This was surrounded by ninety acres of land, enabling him to lay about a half-mile track, upon which he proposed to develop his trotting horses, He had at various times visited California and Kentucky, knew all the great breeders of those states and the arrangements of their extensive establishments, but Bennyscliffe, his newly equipped property, was to rival if not lead all. His remarkable talents were entirely devoted to the trotting industry and his interests were by no means wholly mercenary, for his hand and voice, as well as his time, were unceasingly employed in behalf of what was best for the harness horse on and off the turf. Mr. Fasig was a member of the Roadside Club. Those who met him socially knew him as a fast friend and a generous giver. His sympathies were always with the weak and oppressed. That he was a man of marked individuality and independence of thought is attested by all who knew him, his close associates HISTORY OF CLEVELAND - 281 saying that they could not determine in advance what stand he would take on any proposition. He firmly advocated, however, the course that he believed to be right and he had an unfaltering love for inflexible justice. To those who were unfortunate or needy he was most kindly and sympathetic and thus it was that he enjoyed the love of many thousands. ANTON FRANK PAV, M. D. Dr. Anton Frank Pay, a resident physician of Cleveland, was born at Eiglau, Austria, March 30, 1869, and is a son of Anton and Frances (Klectecka) Pay. About 1874 the parents came to the United States and established their home in Cleveland, where Mr. Pay engaged in carriage manufacturing until his retirement, a short time prior to his death, which occurred in 1893, when he was fifty-six years of age. His widow still survives. Brought to America at the age of five years Dr. Pay received his education in the Cleveland public schools and the Central high school, after which he entered the medical department of Western Reserve University to qualify for the practice of the profession which he had determined to make his life work. He was graduated in 1889 with the M. D. degree and put his theoretical training to the practical test in service as house physician at the City Hospital while pursuing his medical course. Following his graduation he entered upon private practice here for a short time, after which he removed to Colfax county, Nebraska, and was there elected to the office of coroner. In 1893, however, he returned to Cleveland, since which time he has been actively identified with the practice of medicine here, having many patrons in the vicrnity of his present location. While his practice has been general, he has also made a specialty of physical diagnosis. Almost continuously since his graduation he has been connected in a professional capacity with the Metropolitan Life Insurance Company, being the medical examiner for their ordinary department. He belongs to the Cleveland Academy of Medicine, the Ohio State Medical Society and the American Medical Association. Dr. Pay was married in Cleveland to Miss Tillie Heckler, of this city, and they reside at No. 2648 East Fifty-fifth street. They have a wide acquaintance and many friends in the district. Dr. Pay is deeply interested in municipal affairs and political problems from a humanitarian point of view and has written some very original and able papers on political, economic and scientific topics, which show wide research and investigation of the problems therein presented. PAUL MATZINGER. Supplementing by thorough training the gifts with which nature endowed him, Paul Matzinger is regarded as one of the rising young architects 0f Cleveland. In fact he has met with success in his profession since he opened his office in this city in 1893. Science, art and industry are all features in his chosen calling, for he has comprehensive knowledge of the principles that underlie the profession, combined with a keen perception of the value of proportions and the artistic effects that are worked out through detail, at the same time knowing that in all labor unfaltering industry must constitute the basis upon which success is built. He was born in Canton, Ohio, in 1870. His father, Herman Matzinger, was a native of Switzerland and came to Ohio in 1838. He devoted his entire life to the work of the ministry, and his influence was of no restricted order, for the seeds of truth which he sowed sprang into fruitfulness in the lives of many who came under his teaching. He continued an active worker in the Master's vineyard until his death m 1903. He is still survived 282 - HISTORY OF CLEVELAND by his widow, who bore the maiden name of Mary Ruetnik, and is a native of Ohio. Mr. Matzinger of this review largely spent his youth in Chicago and after attending high school in that city entered Calvin College at Cleveland, from which he was graduated with the class of 1888. He then became an apprentice in an architect's office and also pursued lectures along that line at Cornell University in Ithaca, New York. In 1893 he became an independent follower of the profession, opening an office in Cleveland, where he met with immediate and gratifying success. He built and designed the Zion Lutheran church on Prospect avenue and also designed the business block at the corner of Superior and Madison street—a very difficult task but one which he successfully accomplished. He has put up many fine, apartments and residences, continuing in the general lines of architecture, and is rated as one of the coming representatives of the profession here. Already his business has become extensive, bringing to him well merited success. In 1897 Mr. Matzinger was married to Miss Emma Switzer, of Cleveland, and they have two children. They hold membership in the First Presbyterian church, and Mr. Matzinger is also interested in the work of the Young Men's Christian Association, to which he belongs. Fraternally he is associated with the Knights of Pythias and the Masons. He is also connected with the Cleveland Athletic Club and is very fond of athletics and field sp0rts, of hunting and traveling, finding his recreation along those lines. He has not won his success by leaps and bounds, but through continuous effort, that is prompted by a determined spirit and one that recognizes obstacles as well as opportunities and evolves well formulated plans to overcome the former and utilize the latter. WILLIAM WALLACE LUDLOW. William Wallace Ludlow is the treasurer of the Cleveland Cooperative Stove Company, and his efforts have been a resultant factor in the growth and success of the business, which is now one of the largest enterprises of this character in the city. He was born in Chardon, Ohio, April 22, 1858, and is a representative of an old New York family. The family is of English lineage, and the first representatives of the name in America were numbered among the early colonial settlers of the seventeenth century. The great-grandfather, George Ludlow, was a native of Long Island, and he and his brothers took active part in the war of the Revolution. His son, Oliver W. Ludlow, the grandfather of our subject, was born January 1, 1800, near Cayuga Lake, New York. He came to Ohio in 1828, settling in Newbury, where he practiced medicine throughout the remainder of his days, his death occurring in 1865. He was one of the most prominent physicians of that section of the state. His son, Linnaeus C. Ludlow, was born August 2, 1831, and was a native of Newbury, Geauga county, Ohio. On leaving the place of his nativity, he removed to Cleveland in 1856. After two years, however, he returned to Geauga county and was there elected recorder, which position he filled for six years. He then returned to Cleveland, where he engaged in the hotel business, being connected with the American Hotel. His death occurred in 1901. His wife, who bore the maiden name of Helen Stafford, was a daughter of Charles and Martha (Smith) Stafford, of Auburn, Ohio. Both the Smith and Stafford families were among the pioneer settlers of this state and were descended from early New England ancestors, who became residents of that section of the country during the colonization of the new world. The death of Mrs. Ludlow occurred in 1904, when she had reached the age of sixty-seven years. William W. Ludlow was educated in the public schools of Cleveland, completing his course in the Central high school, after which he entered business life HISTORY OF CLEVELAND - 283 as an employe of the Cleveland Cooperative Stove Company. He began as timekeeper and foundry clerk, eventually served as general clerk, as superintendent and at length as treasurer. In fact he has served in practically every department of the business, gaining comprehensive knowledge thereof and has contributed in substantial measure to its development. Its volume of trade is extensive and the business has been built up along safe and conservative lines that have eventually won substantial success. Mr. Ludlow has been married three times. In 1882 he wedded Adell Stafford, who died in 1887, leaving two children: Kate, who was born November 1, 1883, and Arthur, deceased. In 1893 Mr. Ludlow was again married, his second union being with Myra Wilson, who passed away in 1895, leaving a daughter Myra, whose birth occurred April 21, 1895. On the 15th of July, 1901, Mr. Ludlow wedded Alice Logan, the (laughter of Franklin Logan, and they are pleasantly situated in an attractive home at No. 54 Grandview avenue, Cleveland Heights. Mr, Ludlow is a republican in his endorsement of national principles, but in local elections he votes independently. He belongs to the Cleveland City Lodge of Masons and to the Credit Men's Association, and he is also a member of the board of education of Cleveland Heights. His interest in community affairs is manifested by active cooperation in many movements for the public good, his labors being a direct force in much that pertains to the welfare and upbuilding of his section of the city. His success is attributable entirely to his close application, his persistency of purpose and the readiness with which he solves intricate business problems. ELMER ELSWORTH McPECK, M. D. Dr. Elmer Elsworth McPeck, who since 1893 has engaged in the general practice of medicine in Cleveland, was born at Jewett, Harrison county, Ohio, February 10, 1863, He comes of a family of Scotch-Irish origin. His great-grandmother in the paternal line, came from Ireland to America, while the McPeck family was established here at an early date. Both families were numbered among the old settlers of western Pennsylvania. John E. McPeck, the father of Dr. Mc- Peck, served throughout the Civil war as a captain and was wounded while in the service. He has devoted his entire life to farming and is still living in Harrison county, Ohio. His wife, who in her maidenhood was Mary Davidson, passed away in 1904. Dr. McPeck in his youth had the usual experiences that fall to the lot of the farm boy who is reared in a home of moderate financial resources. Tasks in connection with the development and improvement of the farm were early assigned to him, and these he performed through the summer months, while in the winter seasons he attended the district schools of his native county. He afterward had the benefit of further instruction in the Hopedale Normal College of the same county, and when his review of the field of business led him to the resolution to make the practice of medicine his life work he entered the Starling Medical College at Columbus and was graduated therefrom in 1889 with the M. D. degree. Immediately afterward he entered upon the private practice of medicine at Bowerstown, Ohio, and there continued until 1893, when he removed to Cleveland since which time he has engaged in general practice here. He has been medical examiner for the Union Central Life Insurance Company, and he belongs to the Cleveland Academy of Medicine, the Ohio State Medical Society, the American Medical Association and the Cleveland Medical Library Association. There is perhaps no profession so little commercialized as that of medicine, for the conscientious physician performs his duty even when there is no hope of financial return. Moreover, it is a profession in which only ability can win advancement, 284 - HISTORY OF CLEVELAND and that Dr. McPeck's practice is continually growing is proof of his thorough understanding of the scientific principles and his correct application thereof to the needs of suffering humanity. On the 22d of October, 1890, Dr. McPeck was married in Wellsville, Ohio, to Miss Elizabeth S. Crowe, a daughter of the Rev. N. K. Crowe, a Presbyterian minister, then living at Wellsville, but now retired, his home being near North Ridgeville, Ohio. Mrs. McPeck is active in literary and church circles and is a lady of broad culture and refinement, possessing, moreover, the humanitarian spirit which prompts her generous response to a tale of need, sorrow or distress. The family now numbers two children : John Kendall and Mary Frances, aged respectively, seventeen and eight years. They reside at No. 8303 Hough avenue. HON. THOMAS M. MEHARD, M. D. Hon. Thomas M. Mehard, who was loved for his sterling character, his genial disposition and his dauntless manhood and honored and esteemed by reason of the prominence to which he attained in professional circles, whereby he made his life of great usefulness to his fellowmen, was born at Wurtemberg, Lawrence county, Pennsylvania, on the 29th of July, 1844. He was descended from Irish and German parentage and came of a family of strong intellects whose members were prominent in professional circles, different representatives of the name becoming well known in the ministry, in the law and in the medical profession. Dr. Mehard's early boyhood days were spent among the hills and valleys of western Pennsylvania and during that period he also made frequent trips across the state line into Ohio. He obtained a general education in the common schools and afterward attended Westminster College at New Wilmington, in his native county. He was a youth of studious habits and an industrious reader who assimilated the knowledge which he gained, turning it to use in his life work. After he had completed his more specifically literary course he determined to prepare for the practice of medicine and to this end entered the Western Reserve Medical College of Cleveland, Ohio, from which he was graduated in February, 1870. He located for practice at Wampum within a few miles of his native place and for twenty-one years continued an active member of the profession, his reading and study resulting in ability that carried him continually forward and won for him an eminent position at the head of the profession in Western Pennsylvania. In professional lines his reading was very extensive and his keen judgment enabled him to readily determine between the essential and the non-essential in all ideas and innovations which were advanced in connection with his professional duties. He was not only very successful in his profession but also in outside business ventures and was numbered among the men of affluence in Lawrence county. As the years passed he made investment in different paying concerns. He was the owner of valuable business property in Cleveland and made frequent visits to this city and planned on making it his home. In fact he was about ready for the removal when death came to him. He erected the first block to be built at the east end at the head of Payne avenue and this property, which is on East Fifty-fifth street, is still in possession of the family. He was also interested in a large flouring mill at Wampum, Pennsylvania ; was the owner of a block and residence there ; and was also a heavy stockholder in the Wampum Run Coal Company and other mining enterprises. In 1872 Dr. Mehard was married in Pittsburg, Pennsylvania, to Miss Mary Jane Murdoch, a daughter of William Francis Murdoch, of one of the wealthy old Pittsburg families. Her grandfather, Robert Murdoch, came from Scotland and was an early resident of Pittsburg. Four children were born unto Dr. and Mrs, Mehard but only one is now living, Mrs. Ora Hober, of Pittsburg. The others are : Robert ; Sarah, who became the wife of Newman Statts ; and Lyda, who HISTORY OF CLEVELAND - 287 became the wife of Dr. Secord Large. In all those traits which mark the ideal husband and father, Dr. Mehard was richly endowed. He left to his family a competency of the accumulations of his active and busy life but more than that he left to them beautiful memories of their association with him. All of his plans, whether for the present or the future, embraced the good of the members of his own household. The tender care which he manifested for members of his family who were at times with him in Harrisburg during the sessions of the senate bore lestimony to the fervency of his affection for those whose life was a part of his own. It was not only professional and business interests and family ties, however, that claimed the time and attention of Dr. Mehard. He was ever alive to his duties of citizenship and, when he felt that his fellow townsmen desired his services, he gave to them the use of his time and his talents in efforts for the public good. lie was a school director in his borough for several terms, acted as president of the school board and was a member of the borough council of Wampum, in which connection he did active and effective work for municipal interests. In November, 1888, he was elected to the Pennsylvania senate from the district composed of Lawrence and Mercer counties, receiving a majority of four thousand over all competitors. He continued a member of the upper house until his death and his public record was one over which there falls no shadow of wrong or suspicion of evil. In fact he stood as a high type of progressive citizenship and as a legislator who could not be swerved from what he believed to be the path of his duty. During the session of 1891 he was chairman of the committee on federal relations and served as a member of the committees on appropriations, agriculture, health and sanitation, retrenchments and reform and public buildings. Said one of his colleagues in the assembly, "As a senator his keen sense of right and justice, his unflinching integrity and tenacity of purpose made him at all times the faithful and reliable representative of his constituency. . . . My acquaintance with Senator Mehard began with the first days of the last session of the legislature. Though differing in political opinions, he was one of the first to bid me welcome to a seat in this body. I had known him by reputation as a prominent member of a most distinguished family. The same courteous and kindly consideration that always characterized his associations with his fellow senators in this body were the most prominent traits of his character in every-day life. It was these amiable characteristics of his nature that without effort made him the genial companion and the faithful friend." Dr. Mehard attended the Presbyterian church and never neglected his Christian duties at any time. When away from home he sought a church of his denomination wherever he happened to be and when in Cleveland, where he was often called on business, he attended the Euclid Avenue Presbyterian church. He passed from this life October 15, 1891, and at the call of the president, the senate met in extraordinary session to take action concerning his death. On that occasion Senator Critchfield said. "Senator Mehard was a firm believer in the Christian religion and although I have been told that he was not a member of the church his loyalty to its creed and his confidence in its doctrines were apparent to all who were on terms of intimacy with him. He did not regard the present as being all of life but looked upon it as a preparatory scene in which faith may be cultivated, hope expanded and charity exercised and the living prepared for a brighter and better home beyond." Perhaps no better estimate of the life and character of Dr. Mehard can be given than by quoting from the addresses made on the occasion when the senate met to take action concerning his death. Senator Osbourn, of Philadelphia, who was the first to speak on that occasion, said: C"Senator Mehard was a gentleman in all the relations and transactions of life ; possessed of a friendly disposition, candid, open-hearted, and always honorable ; he was not given to ostentatious parade or show, but was of a quiet and reserved nature. These characteristics were observable throughout all of his career, and he combined with these the dignity of the scholar. He was so well balanced in mind that all his gifts and 288 - HISTORY OF CLEVELAND powers were symmetrically developed, making up an even-tempered and well-rounded man. He had the strength of a positive nature coupled with the simplicity of a child, and we noted a conspicuous absence of the ordinary frailties with which human nature is too frequently sullied. All his words and actions bore the stamp of sincerity, while his judgment was tempered to a marvelous degree with patience and kindness. His modesty was so uniform that few were fully aware of his exceptional attainments. He was gentle in all things yet had an inflexible firmness of conviction and principle. He was actuated by a desire for the happiness and prosperity of others, and much of his time at home in his latter years was spent in the performance of the humane works of a philanthropist. He kept well abreast of advanced thought in his chosen profession and, although devoting much time to its study, he also found time to do much miscellaneous reading and was especially fond of our own American writers." Senator Markley said : "Senator Mehard came into this senate, I believe, a stranger to all of us ; but it was not long until he had made a favorable impression. He was quiet and unassuming, and yet those who came in close contact with him were impressed that he was a superior man in many respects. He was not only endowed with a good physique, but also with a vigorous, inquiring, liberal mind which made his judgment of men and things almost infallible, and with a kind and sympathizing heart he was well adapted for the profession of medicine, which he practiced with success for twenty years. He was a true, manly man, with great courage, and yet as mild and kind as a child. He disliked show or parade, pretense or sham. He loved goodness for its own sake, and disliked meanness, for it was a characteristic foreign to his nature. I sat close to him during two sessions of the senate and I learned to know him well—and regarded him as one of the best men I ever knew. Death was not his last day, nor his worst day. I and firmly of the opinion it was the beginning of a higher and better life." Another senator bore testimony concerning Dr. Mehard as follows: "He possessed in a rare degree the ability to win and retain the friendship of those with whom he associated. He was entirely frank in his 'manner, and so completely without disguise that his friends had no difficulty in knowing when they had his approval or disapprobation. He was a man of benevolent heart and obliging disposition, and there are few members of this body who will not be able to remember some kindly act performed in their behalf. He was a man of pure thoughts and pure life, and no word ever passed his lips that was not proper to be uttered in the most refined presence by a Christian gentleman. As a legislator he was thoroughly conscientious and his vote was always cast upon the side he believed to be right. It mattered not to him by whom a measure was proposed; if he believed it to be just it was sure to find in him an ardent supporter. He never hesitated to consider what effect his action might have upon himself personally, or upon his political prospects, for to him the approval of his own conscience was more than the praise of his fellowmen. What more can be said of any man? He who performs his duty conscientiously in the place he occupies, whether it be high or low, is the best citizen and the one who best fills the place for which Infinite Wisdom brought him into being." SAMUEL KIRBY. The historian in his researches concerning Cleveland, her early history and her upbuilding, finds that Samuel Kirby was numbered among her merchants in the middle portion of the nineteenth century, and although he did not take up his permanent abode here on his first arrival he soon returned and for a long period was identified with the tea and coffee trade in the city. He started upon the journey of life at East Chatham, New York, March 28, 1827, and pursued his education at New Lebanon, New York. Subsequently he went to New York HISTORY OF CLEVELAND - 289 where he was employed for a number of years, and in 1860 he came to Cleveland, taking up farming in this part of the state. After a brief period, however, he returned to New York in 1864 and there engaged with the firm of P. Reed & Company in the tea and coffee business, while still later he was with the firm of Fisher, Kirby & Brown. In 1870 he came again to Cleveland and lred business in this city as a tea and coffee merchant, continuing in that line of trade with good success until 1876, when he retired from business, spending his remaining days in the enjoyment of well earned rest. He was a reliable and progressive merchant; who enjoyed the confidence and trust of his business colleagues and contemporaries. In 1856 Samuel Kirby was united in marriage to Miss Maria Coit, a daughter of Henry Coit. She (lied in 1876, and in 1880 Mr, Kirby married her sister, Miss Elizabeth Coit, who still survives. The death of Mr. Kirby occurred on the 1st of November, 1880. He was justly accounted one of the valued business men of Cleveland, holding to high standards in all of his commercial as well as personal and social relations. Henry Coit Kirby, the only son of his father's first marriage, was born September 21, 1860, in Greenville, Ohio. He supplemented his early education by study in the Western Reserve College and in the Case School of Applied Science, both weII known institutions of learning in Cleveland, His practical business training was received in this city, and, entering mercantile lines, he continued therein without interruption until his death, which occurred July 1, 1901. His business record was characterized by all that is admirable and commendable in the merchant of the present day, who must possess not only industry and perseverance, but also unfaltering enterprise and much of the initiative spirit in order to make substantial advancement in the commercial world. On the 12th of October, 1886, Mr. Kirby was united in marriage to Miss Eleanor Wright, a daughter of E. P. Wright, and unto them were born two children, who are yet living: Henry Wright, who is now attending Yale University; and Eleanor Colt Kirby. Mr. Kirby was a member of the Unitarian church and a man of broad humanitarian spirit. He belonged to the Country Club, and his social qualities made him popular with a large circle of friends, his record, like that of his father, reflecting credit upon an untarnished name, and the community mourned the loss of one of its representative and valued merchants when death called him to the home beyond. HARRY RUNNELLS MANCHESTER. Harry Runnells Manchester is the president of the James & Manchester Company, conducting one of the oldest and most important general fire-insurance agencies in Cleveland. He was born in Cleveland, October 18, 1866, his parents being James and Louise (Runnels) Manchester. While spending his youthful days in his father's home he pursued his education in the public schools, mastering the branches of learning in the consecutive grades until he won promotion to the high school. He made his initial step in the business world in connection with insurance interests in the employ of his father, who in 1862 established the present agency under the name of RunnelIs & Manchester. Harry R. Manchester was at that time eighteen years of age. He did not place his dependence upon parental authority to win advancement but sought progress through his close application and indefatigable energy, whereby his ability was increased and his responsibilities were accordingly enlarged. Gradually he worked his way upward and, saving his money, was at length enabled to purchase a third interest in the old company. In May, 1907, this firm consolidated with the James, Parsons & Ruggles Company and was incorporated under the name of the James & Manchester Company. This is one of the oldest fire-insurance agencies of the city 290 - HISTORY OF CLEVELAND and stands among the foremost, when judged by the extent of its clientage the reliability of the firm. In Cleveland in 1902 Harry R. Manchester was married to Miss Frances Noonan, a daughter of Lawrence Noonan. Her death occurred in January, and two children, Paul and Louise, were left to mourn the loss of the mother. Mr. Manchester is an advocate of republican principles, his study of the questions of the day leading him to the belief that the republican platform contains' the best elements of good government. His loyalty to Cleveland is manifest many tangible ways, and his cooperation can always be counted upon to forth projects that are matters of civic virtue and of civic pride. His business record is a creditable one, for at the outset of his career he made it his purpose thoroughly to understand fire insurance in every phase, and his comprehensive knowledge of all that relates to the business, combined with his unfaltering diligence and unabating energy, have carried him to a prominent position as a representative of this field of activity. ALEXANDER CAMPBELL. Alexander Campbell has reached the eighty-second milestone on life's journey, He has been a resident of Cleveland since 1855 and for many years was a prominent contractor here, his diligence and industry bringing him substantial success, enabling him now to live retired. His record suggests the poet's lines: "How blest is he Who crowns in shades like these A youth of labor With an age of ease." Mr. Campbell was born at Coalbost on the Isle of Skye, Scotland, September 27, 1827, his parents being Malcolm and Annie (Campbell) Campbell. His boyhood and youth were passed in the land of hills and heather, whose mountains and glens, lakes and plains have been the theme of song and story through many centuries, At length he determined to seek his fortune beyond the Atlantic, and coming to the United States in 1851, at the age of twenty-three years, he was apprenticed to McDonald Brothers, his cousins, who were engaged in the railroad contracting business. He began taking special contracts, his first task of this character being in connection with the construction of the Bradford & Buffalo Railroad. Hi second contract was with the Binghamton & Syracuse Railroad, after which he executed a contract with Collins Brothers. Later he was engaged on the building of the Lake Shore Railroad between Oberlin and Elyria, Ohio, and subsequently on the construction of the embankment of the Lake Shore Railroad on the lake front, He arrived in Cleveland in 1855, and in 1860 began taking city contract work, this largely occupying his time until 1889. He graded Center street, graded and laid the sewers on Broadway, Woodland, Oregon and Erie streets, paved Euclid and Case avenues and Detroit street and also laid the paving between the car tracks for Mayor Tom Johnson from this city to Brighton. He also paved St. Clair and Main streets and in fact his handiwork in this regard is seen in nearly all of the leading streets of Cleveland. For many years the most important city contracts were awarded him and his business assumed extensive proportions, necessitating the employment of a large force of workmen. In this connection he did excellent work, his faithful execution of contracts being his best advertisement. At the age of nineteen years Mr. Campbell was united in marriage to Miss Annie Nicholson, a daughter of Alexander Nicholson, and unto them were born eleven children, six sons and five daughters. Of this number four of the sons are deceased and one daughter has also passed away. The surviving sons, Alexander N. and Malcolm Peter, succeeded their father in the contracting business HISTORY OF CLEVELAND - 293 and are now prominently known in this connection in this city. The daughters are Annie, Margaret, Jemima, Minnie and Johanna. Annie is the widow of Captain Henry Johnson of Cleveland, and has eight children ; Jemima is the wife of Isaac Kidd, of this city, and has four children ; Johanna is the wife of H. P. McRassev, of Rosland, British Columbia, and has one child ; and Minnie is Mrs. Charles Miner, of Cleveland, and has two children. Mr. Campbell is very prominent in the Odd Fellows society and is now past grand of Cuyahoga lodge. In politics he is usually independent, voting as his judgment dictates without regard to the party affiliation of the candidates he supports. He belongs to the Presbyterian church and he and his family occupy a pleasant home at No. 1854 West Fiftieth street. Mr. Campbell with his wife and two daughters visited his native land in 1886. As the years have gone by he has made judicious and extensive investment in property in and around Cleveland of which Campbell block at the corner of Twenty-fifth and Superior street: constitutes a part. As he carried on his contracting business he watched his opportunity for judicious purchases of real estate and now derives his income largely from his property interests. His has been a well spent life in which industry and energy have constituted salient characteristics while in all this his honorable dealing has won him the respect and confidence of his fellowmen. EDWARD P. STRONG. Edward P. Strong, engaged in the general practice of law in Cleveland, where he has won local distinction in the trial of personal injury cases, is also financially and officially interested in several business corporations. He was born in this city, August 27, 1882, and is descended both in the paternal and the maternal lines from early settlers here, his two grandfathers, Andrew Strong and Jeremiah Fitzgerald, having taken up their abode in the Forest city when it had scarcely emerged from villagehood. Michael E. Strong, the father, was born in Cleveland in 1844, was a hardware merchant during the years of his active connection with the business interests of the city, served as a member of the board of education and was prominent in democratic circles. He served as a soldier in the Civil war, and six uncles of Edward P. Strong were likewise numbered among the defenders of the Union cause on the field of battle. The mother, who bore the maiden name of Katherine Fitzgerald, was born in Cleveland, February 16, 1857. In the pursuit of his education Edward P. Strong attended Notre Dame Academy in Cleveland, also St. John's School and St. Ignatius College, in which he spent five years. He afterward entered the law school of the Western Reserve University, from which he was graduated with the Bachelor of Law degree in 1904. The same year he was admitted to the bar and at once began practice. He has always continued alone in his profession, and his rise has, therefore, resulted not from any aid or influence but from his own well developed powers. He has continued in general practice, although he does considerable personal injury work. He has been accorded a good clientage, and the court records indicate his success in the trial of many notable cases. In commercial circles, too, he is recognized as a man of sound judgment and keen discrimination and is secretary of several corporations. On the 1st of August, 1908, Mr. Strong was married to Miss Lillian Klein, of Cleveland, and they are favorably known in this city, where they have a large circle of friends. In politics Mr. Strong is an active republican. He did not follow in the political footsteps of his father but, giving careful consideration to the questions and issues of the day and to governmental policy, came to the conclusion that the republican platform embodied the ideas most essential in the conduct of national affairs. He has been a delegate to many city and county conventions, and his words carry weight in local councils. A Catholic in religious belief, he belongs 294 - HISTORY OF CLEVELAND to St. Thomas Aquinas church. He is past exalted ruler of Cleveland Lodge, No. 18, B. P. 0. E., and his name is on the membership rolls 0f Cleveland Aerie of the Fraternal Order of Eagles, the Tuxedo Club, the Western Reserve Club, the Tippecanoe Club, and many others which indicate his appreciation of the social amenities of life, while in more strictly professional lines he is connected with the Cleveland Bar Association and the State Bar Association. He is one of the more successful among the younger lawyers of Cleveland, and in a profession where advancement depends entirely upon individual merit he has made substantial and gratifying progress. THOMAS H. HOGSETT. Thomas H. Hogsett, for twenty-seven years a member of the Ohio bar, practicing in Cleveland since 1895, now devotes his attention largely to corporation law, in which connection he has secured a large and distinctively representative clientage. A native of Highland county, Ohio, he was born May 17, 1858, a son of John N. and Hannah E. (Hughes) Hogsett. The father, a native of Ohio, devoted his active business life to farming and is now living retired in New Vienna, Ohio, at the age of seventy-seven years. For a long period he was justice of the peace and prominent in the affairs of the county. His wife was a daughter of John L. Hughes, who served several terms in the Ohio legislature and was well known as a merchant and farmer of Highland county. Her brother, Judge O. H. Hughes, is now a member of the Ohio Railroad Commission. On both the paternal and maternal sides Thomas H. Hogsett comes of Scotch-Irish ancestry. His great-grandfather in the paternal line and his grandfather in the maternal line came from the north of Ireland, while both grandmothers were from Scotland and in the early days of Ohio's development the grandparents on both sides came to this state from Virginia. Thomas H. Hogsett, the eldest in a family of seven children, was educated in the common schools until he had completed the high-school course and was then under the instruction of a private tutor for some time. Making choice of the profession of law as a life work he began study with Hon. Charles H. Collins, an attorney of Hillsboro, as his preceptor. Later he entered the Cincinnati Law School, from which he was graduated in 1882 and the same .year was admitted to the bar, but because of ill health did not begin practice until 1883 when he opened an office in Hillsboro. The following year he formed a partnership with Judge Albert G. Mathews, which continued until the death of the judge two years later. Mr. Hogsett then became associated in practice with Judge Samuel F. Steel, of Hillsboro, which connection was maintained until 1895 when he came to Cleveland and formed a partnership with Judge George B. Solders, with whom he remained for three years. On the expiration of that period he was appointed by Mayor Farley, a director of law for the city of Cleveland and held that office during the Farley administration, subsequent to which time he formed a partnership with M. B. and H. H. Johnson, which has since been maintained. During his connection with this firm his attention has largely been devoted to corporation practice. The lawyer has come to be a silent partner in the great mercantile establishments and manufacturing industries of the country and molds and shapes the management of the great corporations. It is in this department of law that Mr. Hogsett now figures prominently. Interested in all that pertains to public progress in municipal affairs he has endorsed and cooperated in many movements for the general welfare. For two terms he was a member of the board of directors of the Chamber of Commerce and for a time was connected with the Municipal Association. He was also a member of the committee of three to advise with the governor in the preparation of the municipal code during the administration of Governor Nash, and by op- HISTORY OF CLEVELAND - 295 pointmcnt of Governor Harris he served as a member of the Ohio tax commission. In all matters of public concern he works along the lines of practical reform and improvement, and his efforts have been far-reaching and effective. On the 8th of June, 1883, in Columbus, Nebraska, Mr. Hogsett wedded Miss Rebecca Jones, a daughter of Barclay Jones, formerly a merchant of Philadelphia and later a resident of Columbus, Nebraska. Mrs. Hogsett comes of Quaker stock and is a graduate of Swarthmore College, conducted under the auspices of the Friends Society. Two children have been born of this marriage: Edith, graduate of Vassar College of the class of 1908, and Robert, now attending the Boys University at Cleveland. The family reside at Euclid Heights, where Mr. Hogsett has purchased a fine residence, and he also owns and operates a farm in the southern part of the state. He finds pleasure and rest from professional labors in golf and horseback riding and is a member of the Union, Euclid and C0lumbus Clubs. He is also a member of the American, the Ohio and Cleveland Bar Associations and thus meets in social organization those with whom he is connected in professional relations. Giving his support to the democracy, he was formerly active in its ranks but now takes little part in political work. He belongs to the Calvary Presbyterian church, of which he is a trustee, and his influence is always found on the side of justice, truth and general improvement. While interested in all those concerns which are vital forces in the life of the age he is preeminently a lawyer devoted to the interests of his clients h a practice that is extensive and of an important character. His legal learning, his analytical mind, the readiness with which he grasps the points in an argument, all combine to make him one of the able lawyers of the Cleveland bar. JOHN D. McCLAIN. John D. McClain, serving for the fifth term as city councilman, in which connection he is rendering valuable service to the ninth ward as well as to the city in general through his support of practical and progressive public movements, was born in Hamilton, Ohio, January 12, 1865. His parents were John D. and Rebecca (Vaughn) McClain, also of Hamilton, where the father followed the machinist's trade until after the outbreak of the Civil war, when he enlisted as a volunteer Union soldier and went to Louisville. There he became ill and was brought home. As soon as he had sufficiently recovered he proceeded again to the south, was taken ill the second time and died, thus laying down his life upon the altar of his country. John D. McClain was a pupil of the public schools of Hamilton between the ages of six and fourteen years, when the necessity of providing for his own support caused him to seek a situation. His first employment was in a flour mill where he remained one summer. He afterward worked for one year in the Niles Boiler Works, and the ability, mechanical ingenuity and executive force which he displayed secured for him the position of foreman with a leading contractor. In this connection he had charge of the building of the water works in Hamilton. In November. 1883, he came to Cleveland and entered the employ of the American Bronze Works as a laborer. There he continued for twenty-one years, during which time his ability won him recognition in successive promotions, and he advanced through various positions to that of superintendent of the company. In this connection large responsibilities devolved upon him, which his previous experience well qualified him to meet, and he remained as a valued representative of the company until October, 1904, when he resigned. In the meantime Mr. McClain had become well known and popular as a citizen, and his fellow townsmen, appreciating his worth, called him to public office in April, 19o1, when he was elected councilman from the first district comprising the section now included within the first, second, third and fourth wards. He 296 - HISTORY OF CLEVELAND was elected at the time Mayor Johnson was first chosen as chief executive of the city. After the new code went into effect the city was redistricted and divided into wards. Such was Mr. McClain's popularity that he was reelected and at each successive election has been called to the office until his service covers four terms as the councilman of what is now the ninth ward. He has exercised his official prerogatives in support of many projects and measures which are directly beneficial to the district in which he lives and to the city at large. He devotes his time and energies to the discharge of his financial duties, serving on various important committees as one of the most efficient as well as one of the most popular aldermen of Cleveland. On the 1st of February, 1883, Mr. McClain was married to Miss Adda L. Rankin, a daughter of Thomas and Sarah L. (McComb) Rankin, of Hamilton, Ohio. Her father is a well known conductor on the Cincinnati, Hamilton & Indianapolis Railroad. Mr. and Mrs. McClain have one daughter, Bessie M., now the wife of Clarence L. Thompson, of the Burrows Book Company. Mr. McClain belongs to the Fraternal Order of Eagles and possesses a social, genial nature, with tact that enables him to place anyone at ease in his presence. He displays himself great adaptability in meeting with different classes and this, combined with his thorough understanding of political problems, enables him to give effective service to the republican party and, through the office which he holds, to the city in general. CHARLES E. KAPITZKY. It is a recognized fact that progress in the business world in this age where competition is rife and energy a dominant force is won at the cost of persistent and indefatigable effort. The record which the American citizens holds in highest regard is that of the man who has been the architect and builder of his own f0rtunes. Such is the record of Charles E. Kapitzky, the treasurer of the Stowe- Fuller Company, of Cleveland. He was born in Tuscarawas county, Ohio, April 18, 1868. His father, Rudolph Kapitzky, was born in 1832 and was a native of Germany. He came to America in 1856 and engaged in farming and stock raising. The mother bore the maiden name of Mary Meyers. In the public schools Charles E. Kapitzky acquired his elementary education, which was supplemented by study in the Mount Union College and the Spencerian Business College. After putting aside his text-books he engaged for a time in teaching school, but thinking to find a more profitable field of labor in commercial circles he became interested in general merchandising at Strasburg, Ohio. In 1897 he sought the wider opportunties of the city and came to Cleveland, accepting the position of bookkeeper with the Stowe-Fuller Company, with which he has since been connected, his fidelity and capability winning him recognition in various promotions until he eventually became assistant treasurer, while in 190.4 he was elected treasurer of the company. His fertility of resource and his intelligent appreciation of opportunity have made him a valued factor in business circles and his career has been characterized by a steady progress as each forward step has brought him a broader outlook and wider opportunity. He is now associated with various corporate interests, being treasurer of the Federal Refractories Company, treasurer of the National Fire Brick Company, treasurer of the Minor Fire Brick Company and president of the Citizens Bank of Strasburg, Ohio. Mr. Kapitzky has found stimulus for his business activity in proyiding for an attractive family. He was married May 30, 1900, to Miss Myrtle Kuhn, a daughter of Reymer and Ida (Cline) Kuhn, of Shelby, Ohio. They have two children, Helen and George, who occupy with them a pleasant home at No. 2 Rosalind avenue, East Cleveland. The parents hold membership in the East Cleveland HISTORY OF CLEVELAND - 299 Methodist Episcopal church, and Mr. Kapitzky belongs also to the Benevolent and Protective Order of Elks and to the Masonic fraternity, in which he has taken the degrees of the commandery, the consistory and the Mystic Shrine. Motoring and outdoor sports occupy much of his leisure time but the hours of business find him an alert, energetic man, watchful of every opportunity pointing to honorable success and utilizing each advantage to the utmost-which the secret of all substantial progress in commercial circles. JAMES H. GRISWOLD. The activity of James H. Griswold covers various lines and makes him a prominent factor in the life and interests of Cleveland. He is now practicing law as senior partner of the firm of Griswold & White, and is legal and financial representative of various important corporations. He has also been a recognized factor in republican ranks, while further investigation into his history shows that he is descended from an ancestry honorable and distinguished. He was born in Hartsgrove, Ashtabula county, Ohio, January 27, 1873. In tracing the ancestral history of the family it is found that Edward Griswold, who was born in Kenilworth, England, in 1607, came to the United States in 1635 with his brother, Mathew Griswold and the Rev. Ephraim Huit, an eminent divine. From these brothers are descended all of the Griswolds in America and among their descendants have been large land owners and men prominent in the affairs of Con- necticut. The death of Edward Griswold occurred in 1691 after he had taken an active and helpful part in promoting the interests of the colony durings its formative period. His son, George Griswold, born in Windsor, Connecticut, in 1633, was extensively engaged in farming, owned a mill on the Connecticut river, and died in 1704. He was the father of Daniel Griswold, who was born in Windsor in 1656, and died in 1728. The next in the line of direct descent was Ensign Nathaniel Griswold, who was born in Windsor in 1684, served as an officer in the French and Indian war and died in 1753. His son, Nathaniel Griswold, who was born in 1742 and died in 1800, was the father of Nathaniel Griswold, whose birth occurred in 1773. He became the founder of the family in Ohio, removing from New England to Windsor, this state, in 1830, his death occurring later in the same year. He was accompanied to the middle west by his son, Nathaniel Wells Griswold, who was born in 1800 and died in 1873. He was one of the leading pioneer settlers of Ashtabula county, Ohio, was a prominent representative of the Masonic fraternity, gave his political allegiance to the democracy and held a number of local offices. In fact he was one of the leading and honored factors in community life for many years. His son, Henry F. Griswold, father of James H. Griswold, was born in Windsor, Ohio, March 8, 1840, and devoted his life to the occupation of farming. He, too, was a leading and much respected citizen of the community, who served as justice of the peace and was also a member of the board of education for many years, and passed away in 1907. Two of the descendants of Mathew Griswold, the brother of Edward Griswold, the founder of the branch of the family to which our subject belongs, became governors of Connecticut. These were Roger Griswold, Sr., who was governor in 1784, and his son, Roger Griswold, Jr., who became governor in 1814. In the direct line of James H. Griswold's ancestry was Bishop Alexander Viets Griswold, who was bishop of all New England for many years. Nathaniel Griswold, the great- great-grandfather of our subject, was a soldier in the Revolutionary war, serving with the rank of sergeant. There were eighteen Griswolds, residents of the town of Windsor, Connecticut, who enlisted for active service in the war for independence. Henry F. Griswold was united in marriage to Miss Susannah Laird, who was born in Mesopotamia, Ohio, November 25, 1841, and died September 22,