(RETURN TO THE TITLE PAGE) HISTORY OF CLEVELAND - 951 has always been very active in church work and his example among the young men is powerful m inspiring them to renewed efforts. As he takes great pride in all civic matters, he has long been identified with the Home Garden Association of Elyria, of which he is now president. He makes his home in Elyria, living at the old homestead, built by his grandfather in 1835, where he was born and where his parents lived until death. Mr. Gates maintains the atmosphere of music at the old homestead that has made the hospitality of four generations ever to be remembered by those so favored ; as every member of his father's family played some musical instrument or were vocalists of rather unusual ability. On May 12, 1897, Mr. Gates married Ada Laura Cook, who was born in Buffalo, New York, where they were married. They have four children : William N., Jr., born December 30, 1900 ; Geoffrey McNair and John Montieth, twins, born June 30, 1905 ; and Edward Leigh, born December 1, 1907. Mrs. Gates is very prominent socially in Elyria, as well as in the church life of St. Andrew's Episcopal church. She was formerly president of the Ladies' Guild and active in all good work, being now trustee of the Old Ladies Home. The life of Mr. Gates has been successful for he has built up a large business that makes him well known all over the United States. In addition to this, he has established himself firmly in the hearts of those who know him best and recognize his many excellent qualities. Generous, public-spirited, a man who loves his fellowmen and tries to help them in the church, in social life and in his daily routine, he shows forth in his life the noble characteristics of his heart and mind, and no man stands higher in Elyria than he, while his position among Cleveland business men is one any might well envy. AUGUST J. HIRSTIUS. August J. Hirstius, sheriff of Cuyahoga county, was born in 1875 in the city of Cleveland, where he has spent his entire life. His father, Jacob H. Hirstius, is numbered among the old residents here, coming to Cleveland a half century ago direct from the Hessen province of Germany. He was the father of four children, of whom August J. was the second in order of birth. All are still living in this city. In the public schools August J. Hirstius acquired his education, attending the Sterling school. His first position after completing his course was as cash boy for the firm of E. J. Baldwin, Hatch & Company, at that time conducting business on Superior avenue. Resigning that position to go with G. H. Lyttle, he became connected with the wall paper business of the city, the enterprise being conducted in the Young Men's Christian Association building at the corner of Ninth and Prospect. Mr. Hirstius remained in that employ for about ten years and afterward became a clerk in the county auditor's office under Auditor Craig, with whom he continued for two and one-half years. He afterward acted as clerk to the county board of reviews, in which capacity he served for two years. He resigned that position after being elected a member of the city council from the twelfth ward, his service there covering two terms. Through continual agitation in the council he was largely instrumental in bringing about the first referendum campaign in the state of Ohio on the street railway franchise, and he was also instrumental in awakening interest in and securing the first appropriation for three children's playgrounds. He resigned as a member of the council December 31, 1908, to begin his present term of office, to which he was elected in November, of that year. As sheriff of the county he is discharging his duties with promptness and fidelity, and neither fear nor favor swerve him in the slightest degree. In this office he has worked for a long time to secure a new jail building, very much needed. 952 - HISTORY OF CLEVELAND Mr. Hirstius was married in 1896 to Miss Anna Bente of Cleveland and they have one child, Sherwood, a boy of seven years of age, who is now attending the public schools. The parents belong to the German Zion Lutheran church. Mr. Hirstius is connected with Cleveland Aerie of the Fraternal Order of Eagles, belongs to the Major Cramer Camp of the United Spanish War Veterans and is vice president of the Western Reserve Republican Club and a member of the Tippecanoe Club. He is recognized as one of the active workers in republican ranks in Cleveland. doing all in his power to legitimately further the interests of the party, in the principles of which he has always been a firm believer. Much of his life has been spent in public office and his record is a clean and commendable one. His nature is one of sociability and cordiality and these qualities have rendered him personally popular wherever he is known. GEORGE W. CRILE, M. D. Dr. George W. Crile, a Cleveland surgeon and widely known to the profession as the author of various valuable monographs, was born in Chili, Ohio, November 1864. and is a sea of Michael and Mary (Deeds) Crile. He received his Bachelor of Arts degree from the Ohio Northern University in 1884 and his Master of Arts and Medical Degree from the University of Wooster. In 1893, 1895 and 1897, he pursued further medical studies in London, Vienna, Berlin and Paris, gaining a comprehensive knowledge of the advanced methods of practice of eminent physicians and surgeons of those cities. At various times he has taught in the medical department of Wooster University, afterward the Cleveland College of Physicians and Surgeons, giving instruction in histology, physiology and surgery. In the Western Reserve University he has held the chair of clinical surgery since 1900 and he has served on the surgical staff of the Cleveland General, St. Alexis, City,.Lutheran and Lakeside Hospitals. His authorship includes the following monographs : Surgical Shock, published in 1897; Surgery of the Respiratory System, 1900; Certain Problems Relating to Surgical Operations, 1901 ; Blood Pressure in Surgery, 1903; and Hemorrhage and Transfusion, 1909. The comments of public opinion and the testimony of the medical profession all establish Dr. Crile's position as one of the eminent surgeons of Ohio. CHARLES SUMNER HOWE, Ph. D. Dr. Charles Sumner Howe, as president of the Case School of Applied Science, is holding that institution fully up to the high and advancing standards of twentieth century education. A native of Nashua, New Hampshire, he was born September 29, 1858, and is a son of William R. and Susan D. (Woods) Howe, the former of Milford, New Hampshire, and the latter of Groton, Massachusetts, where her father was a farmer. William R. Howe through much of his business career engaged in the manufacture of piano actions. Dr. Howe pursued his elementary education in the schools of Boston, to which city his parents removed when he was only a few months old, and when twelve years of age, he accompanied his parents on their removal to a farm near Franklin, Massachusetts. He then continued his education in the high school of Franklin and eagerly availed himself of opportunity for further study. Farm life was uncongenial to him and he desired to master the science of civil engineering but later found that his tastes were more in the line of mathematics and general science. As it was impossible for him for pecuniary reasons to enter college when he wished to do so, he secured a position in a newspaper and job printing office in Franklin, and while there employed worked in every HISTORY OF CLEVELAND - 955 department of the business. At the same time he displayed the elementary strength of his character by facing the condition that existed and through his own labor securing the funds necessary for a college course. In 1874 he entered the Massachusetts Agricultural College, from which he was graduated in 1878 with the Bachelor of Science degree, and the same year also won the same degree from Boston University. He afterward pursued a year's postgraduate course in mathematics and physics at Amherst and devoted a year to the same branches in Johns Hopkins University. In 1887 the degree of Doctor of Philosophy was conferred upon him by the Wooster University, while in 1905 he received the honorary degree of Doctor of Science from the Armour Institute of Technology of Chicago, and Mount Union College con ferred on him the honorary degree of LL. D. During the year following his graduation he remained in college for post-graduate work and then accepted the principalship of the high school at Longmeadow, Massachusetts, in 1879. A month later, however, he was offered a professorship in Colorado College, with the understanding that he was not to have a regular chair but was to establish and act as principal of a preparatory academy, which he did from 1879 until 1881. Because of impaired health he then went to the mining districts of New Mexico and Arizona, thus spending the succeeding year. During his three years in the west he maintained an assay office either in Albuquerque or in Prescott, Arizona. In September, 1882, he entered Johns Hopkins University as a graduate student in mathematics and physics, and in September, 1883, he became adjunct professor of mathematics in Buchtel College, at Akron, Ohio. In 1884 he was made full professor of mathematics and astronomy in Buchtel College, where he continued until 1889, when he received appointment to the professorship of mathematics and astronomy in the Case School of Applied Science in Cleveland. In 1902 he was elected to the presidency of the same institution and has since remained at its head. Believing with Kant that "the object of education is to train each individual to reach the highest perfection possible for him" he has endeavored to keep the work of the school up to a high standard, and the institution is today recognized as one of the strongest features in the educational system of the middle west. Dr. Howe's zeal and interest in the work has led to the adoption of various methods which have been effective forces in the advancement of the school, while his own ability as an educator places him in a prominent position among those who are holding professorships in the great Mississippi valley. Dr. Howe is not unknown as a writer, for he is the author of various articles which have appeared in the Astronomical Journal, the monthly notices of the Royal Astronomical Society, and the Journal of the Association of Engineering Societies. Dr. Howe is a member of the National Educational Association, the North Central Association of Colleges and Preparatory Schools, the College Entrance Examination Board and the Ohio Association of the Teachers of Mathematics and Science, having served as the first president of the last named organization. He is an ex-president and life member of the council of the Society for the Promotion of Engineering Education, is likewise a member of the board of managers of the Society for the Promotion of Industrial Education and was the first chairman of the Ohio section of that society. He is also a member of the Cleveland Educational Commission and as chairman of the sub-committee on industrial education he wrote the report which induced the board of education to issue bonds for the present Technical high school. He also prepared the original draft of the course of study, which was essentially approved by the board and is in use today. The building plans were greatly modified also at his suggestion. He is chairman of the advisory committee of the Cleveland High School of Commerce and the chairman of the committee of the simplification of engineering degrees (Society for the Promotion of Engineering Education). He is likewise a member of the committee on the teaching of mathematics to engineering students, appointed by the American Society 956 - HISTORY OF CLEVELAND for the Advancement of Science, and is chairman of the section on technical schools of the International Commission on the Teaching of Mathematics. The Society for the Promotion of Industrial Education appointed him a member of the committee of ten on the relation of industrial education to the public school system, and he is a member of the council from the section of education (American Association for the Advancement of Science). In civic organizations Dr. Howe has held or does hold the following positions : ex-president of the Cleveland Chamber of Commerce, and chairman of the committee on city finances, which tries to do the same work that is accomplished by the Boston finance committee ; ex-president of the Cleveland University Club ; ex-president of the Cleveland Engineering Society ; member of the Merchants Marine League ; member of First White House Conference on the Conservation of the Natural Resources of the United States ; member of the national committee on city planning; member of the National Civic Federation ; and a member of the board of trustees of the Ohio Tax League. He is a fellow of the American Association for the Advancement of Science and has been general secretary of the organization, as well as secretary of the section of mathematics and secretary of the council. He is likewise a member of the American Mathematical Society and the American Astronomical and Astrophysical Society and is a fellow of the Royal Astronomical Society. Dr. Howe also belongs to the Row fant Club of Cleveland, an organization of book lovers, the University Club of Washington, the Graduates Club of New York city and many other organizations, Sigma Xi, three scholarship fraternities, and to the Phi Sigma Kappa. In Masonry he has attained high rank, belonging to the lodge, chapter, commandery and consistory. His religious faith is mdicated in his active connection with the Euclid Avenue Congregational church and these different organizations evidence much of the nature of his interests. Most pleasantly situated in his home life Dr. Howe was married May 22, 1882, to Miss Abbie A., daughter of George A. Waite, of North Amherst, Massachusetts. Mrs. Howe's parents are both deceased. The doctor's mother, however, is living at the age of seventy-seven but his father has passed away. Dr. and Mrs. Howe have three sons, William Cordingly, born in 1883 ; Earl Waite, in 1890, and Francis Edward, in 1895. The family home is at No. 11125 Bellflower Road, which will be the official residence of the president of the Case School of Applied Science. The excellent work and particular scholarship of Dr. Howe have gained him the companionship and the friendship of many cultured minds throughout the country, and the approval of public opinion has also been placed upon his professional labors. DUDLEY BALDWIN WICK. Dudley Baldwin Wick, vice president of the Wick Investment Company, with the lasting example of his honored father before him is sustaining in all of his business relations the high reputation which has ever been associated with the name of Wick in important financial and banking enterprises. He was born in Youngstown, Ohio, October 3, 1846, his parents being Henry and Mary S. (Hine) Wick, :he latter a daughter of Homer and Mary Hine. The Wick family is of English origin and was established in America by Henry Wick, who settled first on Long Island, and in 1795 arrived in Youngstown, Ohio, becoming one of the city's pioneer merchants and prominent residents. His descendant and namesake, Henry Wick, the father of our subject, was born February 28, 1807, and died May 22, 1905, after devoting many years of his life to the banking business. He had the privilege of attending school only until eleven years of age, when he began work in his father's store, and such was his diligence and economy that at the age of sixteen years he was able to purchase an HISTORY OF CLEVELAND - 957 interest in the store and at twenty years became the sole owner of the business. He conducted it with continued success for two decades and then looking for a wider field, he came to Cleveland in August, 1848, and engaged the banking business in the firm of Wick, Otis & Brownell. A few years later the firm style was changed to Henry Wick & Company, his three sons having been admitted to partnership. Mr. Wick's business interests developed rapidly in Cleveland and after a career of over forty years the institution, which he had promoted and successfully conducted, was incorporated under state laws and changed in 1891 to the Wick Banking & Trust Company, of which Mr. Wick was chosen president. In business affairs he has displayed a particularly fine sense of justice and business integrity. He was also a tower of strength to any financial venture with which he was associated. His labors in a public way were always for the furtherance of the welfare and upbuilding of his native state. Private and public credit he also sustained as far as possible and in many valuable enterprises he was a pioneer, his labors constituting a valuable factor in the progress of city and state. In association with Governor Brough, Amasa Stone and Stillman Witt, he built the Bellefontaine & Indianapolis Railroad, which later became a part of the Big Four system and served as its treasurer for a number of years, his selection for the office being due to his acquaintance with banking and his splendid reputation as a financier. He saw and had much to do in his own quiet way with many of the momentous changes and enterprises of his native state. Untiring industry and firmness were among his conspicuous traits and he managed his enterprises undismayed by obstacles or panics, conservative policy constituting a safe bulwark against financial stress and storm. He was of quiet, domestic tastes caring nothing for club life, preferring rather the society of his family of sons and daughters. Public office never attracted him, yet he took active part in public affairs and never overlooked an opportunity for furthering the interests of his adopted city. He left upon it the impress of his individuality for good in many ways. On the 10th of December, 1828, Henry Wick wedded Mary S. Hine of his native city of Youngstown, and with her lived a married life of sixty-six years. Their six children are : Henrietta Matilda, the wife of F. W. Judd ; Alfred H., president of the Wick Investment Company ; Mary Helen, the wife of Warren H. Corning; Florence, the wife of D. B. Chambers ; Dudley B.; and Henry C., secretary and treasurer of the Wick Investment Company. After attending the public schools and Oberlin College Dudley B. Wick became associated with his father's banking affairs and always retained an interest therein until 1891, when it was chartered as the Wick Banking & Trust Company. In 1901 the interests were sold and the name changed to the City Trust Company, since which time Mr. Wick has devoted his attention largely to his private interests. He was one of the organizers of the North Electric Company and served as vice president until 1907, when he resigned his position of active management, although he still continues as a director. He has served as officer and director in many of the important business interests of Cleveland and was for many years a leading member of the Chamber of Commerce. He belongs also to the Union and Roadside Clubs. While independent in local affairs his political allegiance is unfalteringly given to the republican party where questions of vital importance to the nation are involved. His religious faith is that of the Presbyterian church, and he is an exemplary Mason, affiliating with Oriental Commandery, K. T., and with the Scottish Rite consistory. In all branches of the Masonic order he has held offices. On the 28th of July, 1875, Mr. Wick was married to Miss Emma Steele, a daughter of Horace and Lydia (Blish) Steele of Painesville, Ohio. Her father was a prominent banker of that city. Mrs. Wick is greatly interested in music, being an exceptionally good organist and pianist. She is active in church and charitable work, devoting time and means to the amelioration of hard conditions of life for the unfortunate. The children of this marriage are three in number. Dudley B., Jr., who was born July 23, 1876, and died March 1, 1905, was a graduate of the University School and of Cornell University and became an engineer ex- 958 - HISTORY OF CLEVELAND pert for the North Electric Company. Helen is the wife of Charles Dukleow, publisher of the Boston Commercial. Warren Corning attended the Sheffield Scientific School of Yale University and was graduated in June, 1909, being manager of the Sheffield Scientific Monthly during his college days. He is now with the Sherwin-Williams Paint Company. The family residence is at No. 8205 Euclid avenue and in the hours of leisure Mr. Wick enjoys driving and motoring. He is associated with various private charities and interested in many benevolent works, realizing and fully meeting the obligations and responsibilities of wealth. RT. REV. GEORGE F. HOUCK. Rt. Rev. George F. Houck, chancellor of the diocese of Cleveland, was born in Tiffin, Ohio, July 9, 1847. That city delights in the honors to which he has attained, as do his many friends and the priesthood which he represents, for his promotion has come in recognition of his unfaltering zeal and devotion to his work and the efficiency of his labors in extending the influence of Catholicism in this part of the state. His parents were John and Odile (Fischer) Houck, natives of Germany. The father came to America when but four years of age and the mother when a little maiden of ten summers. They were married February 16, 1846, and in all their interests were thoroughly American. For forty years John Houck was a leading shoe merchant of Tiffin and in his store his son, George F., when a youth of eighteen years, gave evidence of his practical spirit and excellent business management, for during two years, when his father was ill, he had complete charge of the business. In St. Joseph's parochial school in Tiffin the Rev. George F. Houck received his preparatory training and subsequently spent two years in Heidelberg College in that city, an educational institution of considerable note. When at length he determined to enter the priesthood, he became a student m Mount St. Mary's Seminary at Cincinnati, Ohio, in 1867, and there pursued his studies until 1874, during which time he had charge of the seminary account books and was also assistant librarian for five years. He was then called by Bishop Gilmour to St. Mary's Seminary in Cleveland and after one year was ordained to the priesthood on the 4th of July, 1875, by Bishop Fitzgerald, of Little Rock, Arkansas, who was then performing the duties of Bishop Gilmour, who was absent through illness. Soon after his ordination Father Houck was commissoned pastor of St. Joseph's church at Crestline, Ohio, where he zealously labored until July, 1877. He was then appointed secretary to Bishop Gilmour, with the duties of the chancellorship superadded. So acceptably did he acquit himself in his new station that at the diocesan synod held in May, 1882, he was named for the chancery office also. The duties of these responsibile positions are his today, ( July, 1909) for the Rt. Rev. Bishop Horstmann reappointed him on his accession to the See in March, 1892. Therefore for more than thirty years, from 1877 until 1909, the Rev. George F. Houck has faithfully and satisfactorily performed the arduous tasks which these offices impose. On the 24th of July, 1902, Father Houck celebrated his twenty-fifth anniversary as chancellor, on which occasion over one hundred and sixty priests, together with the Rt. Rev. Bishop Horstmann, participated in the ceremonies which were then held. Father Houck's native ability, coupled with his experience, is the ground for the high compliment that has been paid him—that he is the most painstaking, faithful and efficient chancellor and secretary to be found in any diocese of the country. A contemporary biographer has said : "When Bishop Gilmour called Father Houck to his present official stations he but gave an additional proof of his accuracy in estimating human character and his ability to discern specific talents. He saw with peculiar distinctness in the chancellor of the Cleveland diocese a HISTORY OF CLEVELAND - 961 remarkable development of the faculties of order, system, attention to detail and continuity and also the fullness of the intellectual and moral powers which direct and consecrate these to the loyal and conscientious performance of duty. That duty is primarily spiritual with Father Houck. He is a priest first and a chancellor and secretary afterward." Aside from his specific duties in those connections Father Houck was for seventeen years, beginning in 1877, chaplain of the Cleveland workhouse and in discharging his duties manifested not only versatility and a high degree of sympathy but also that charity which prompts the priest to love the sinner while hating the sin. His words of truth and wisdom sank deep into many hearts and have borne rich fruit in the improvement of lives in later years. He was also chaplain of St. Vincent's Charity Hospital of Cleveland from July, 1877, to October, 1905. He also did an important work in improving some of the Catholic cemeteries of Cleveland, being in 1878 appointed manager of St. Joseph's and St. John's and in 1893 of Calvary cemetery. He yet continues in charge and has introduced order and strict regulations where before was laxness and inefficiency in control. He has neither asked for nor received any compensation on account of his services as chaplain of the hospital or work house or as manager of the cemeteries. Father Houck is not unknown through his writings. In 1888 he prepared the life of Bishop Rappe, which was printed in pamphlet form and in 1889-90 he prepared and published a volume of about three hundred pages called The Church in Northern Ohio, four editions of which were published. He also wrote the History of the Diocese of Cleveland, (750 pp.) published in 1903. Another biographer has said of him : "A study of the strong, expressive countenance of Father Houck, so aptly portrayed in the accompanying engraving, will bear out what has just been said. The countenance evidences also the happy blending of strength and vigor of mind, with a mild but rigidly exacting manner. Moreover, it indicates that he will not yield his convictions, except to authority and as an act of obedience, but that he will go more than halfway that generous justice be done. His many pronounced qualities, however, and the seeming intensity of his firmness and decision of character are so modified by the Christian graces as to apparently unite without distinction all his faculties in harmonious and lovable personality." FLOYD D. SHOOK. Floyd D. Shook, the secretary and treasurer of the Adams & Ford Company, of Cleveland, wholesale dealers in boots and shoes, was born in Portage county, Ohio, on the 5th of March, 1867, his parents being David and Linda (Stambaugh) Shook. The father, whose birth occurred in Lockport, New York, on the 13th of March, 1833, was but two years of age when brought to Portage county, this state, where he spent the remainder of his life. Throughout his active career he was successfully engaged in business as a carpenter, contractor and builder, but during the last fifteen years of his life he lived retired in the enjoyment of well earned rest. His demise occurred on the 17th of January,' 1909. In 1861 he had wedded Miss Linda Stambaugh, who was born in Ohio in January, 1843, and died June 23, 1909, in Randolph, Portage county, Ohio. Floyd D. Shook supplemented his preliminary education by a course of study in Hiram College, which institution he attended for two years, and then entered the Ohio Normal University (now the Ohio Northern University), from which he was graduated in 1887. He had secured the funds necessary for an advanced education by his work as a teacher. When his education was completed he became an apprentice at the carpenter's and finisher's trade and subsequently went to Chattanooga, Tennessee, where he was employed in an office for about a year. On the expiration of that period he came to Cleveiand and entered the service of the Root & 962 - HISTORY OF CLEVELAND McBride Company, while a short time afterward he secured a position with the E. Schneider Company, remaining with the latter concern for about four years, He next entered the employ of the Adams & Ford Company, with which he has been continuously identified to the present time, working his way steadily upward from the position of assistant bookkeeper to that of secretary and treasurer of the concern. The Adams & Ford Company was incorporated in 1904 and formerly conducted business as manufacturers and wholesale dealers in boots and shoes but have now abandoned manufacturing and confine their operations exclusively to jobbing. They are agents for Candee and Federal rubber goods and Woonsocket boots ; are jobbers of a general line of footwear, and are also manufacturers of the "Everstick" rubbers and owners of the Everstick patents. These goods are sold throughout the United States and many parts of the world. They are represented by sixteen traveling salesmen, while twenty men are employed in the store at Cleveland. In his official capacity Mr. Shook has contributed in large measure to the success of the enterprise, being a man of keen business sagacity and unfaltering energy. On the loth of November, 1889, Mr. Shook was united in marriage to Miss Josephine Trescott, a native of Ohio. Their city residence is at 190 East Ninetieth street and their country home at Randolph, where he has a handsome estate. He enjoys the delights of travel and more limited vacations are largely spent in fishing. In his political views he is a republican, while fraternally he is identified with the Royal League, acting as state treasurer of that organization. He likewise belongs to the Chamber of Commerce, the Cleveland Commercial Travelers, the Cleveland Advertising Club, the Cleveland Association of Credit Men, of which he is serving as vice president and the Colonial Club, and is a director in the two last named. His wife is also a member of the Colonial Club and takes an active and helpful interest in church work. In his business life Mr. Shook has been successful and he deserves his prosperity, for it has been gained through earnest, persistent labor. He is popular with his fellow townsmen because of his genial and kindly spirit and is generous in support of all worthy causes. ANTON POELKING. Nature seems to have intended that men shall enjoy in the evening of life a period of rest from labor. In youth one is full of ambition and energy but in later years these are directed by the sound judgment which comes from experience. If opportunity is wisely utilized through the years of early and mature manhood, success eventually follows, bringing a competence that permits of rementirement in later years. Such has been the record of Anton Poelking, who won his prosperity in the conduct of gardening interests and is now living retired. He was born in Steinfeldt, Germany, September 16, 1835, and is a son of H. Henry and Mary Catherine (Graber) Poelking, both of whom were also natives of the fatherland. Anton Poelking was educated in the old country and came to the United States in 1866, for the tales which he heard concerning the opportunities of the new world proved most attractive and alluring. Believing that he might benefit his financial condition on this side of the water, he made his way to Cleveland, where he began gardening. For thirty years he continued in that business with great success and since he retired in 1896 he became interested in real-estate dealing and in building operations and in this was quite successful. On the 22d of November, 1865, Mr. Poelking was united m marriage to Miss Mary Caroline Nieberding, who was born January 17, 1839. Eight children blessed this union, but three of the number, Bernard, Elizabeth and Joseph, died in infancy. The others of the family are : Carrie, who is the wife of Henry Harks and has two children, Henry Anthony and Mary Caroline; Anton, Jr., HISTORY OF CLEVELAND - 965 who married Frances Rigenauer and has four children, Mary, Agnes, Frances and Catharine ; Henry, who wedded Cecelia Baumann and has one son, Fred; Mary, who is the wife of John Schulte and has three children, Marie Catherine, John Anton and Joseph Clements ; and Frank, who is now in the west. The others are all residents of Cleveland. Mr. Poelking owns his own home at No. 1260 East Eighty-fourth street, and also an adjoining lot at the corner of Eighty-fourth and Superior streets. He is comfortably situated in life as the result of his former industry and toil, and that his record has been an honorable one is indicated in the high regard in which he is uniformly held. He and all of his family are communicants of the Catholic church and he is a member of St. Francis Benevolent Society, which is connected with the church which they attend. EDWIN CONVERSE HIGBEE. The annals of Cleveland record no life of greater nobility than that of Edwin Converse Higbee, of whom it was said "He wore to the very end the white flower of a blameless life." In a review of his life record one is also reminded of the words of Abraham Lincoln, "There is something better than making a living— making a life." He was rich in the legacy of honorable, upright manhood and principles which came from his ancestry. He was of English and early colonial stock, the line of descent on his father's side dating back to the year 1647, when Edward Higbee, then spelled Higbie, was granted a "house lot" in New London, Connecticut. His maternal line, well authenticated for nearly nine centuries, finds its earliest known origin among the Norman knights, who a half century before the conquest of England tilted lance upon the fields of sunny France. Mr. Higbee, however, made no boast of the fact that he could name his ancestors for twenty-five generations in an unbroken line. On the paternal side his ancestry is traced back to Edward Higbee, who was probably born in England and was at New London, Connecticut, in 1647. He was a resident in 1674 of Jamaica, Long Island, where he died, his will there recorded bearing date October 27, 1694. His son, John Higbee, born about 1658, married Rebecca Treadwell, of Fairfield, Connecticut, on the 1st of May, 1769, and they became residents of Middletown, that state. Their son, Edward Higbee born at Middletown in 1684, married Rebecca Wheeler, of Stratfield, now Bridgeport, November 29, 1706. He removed to Westfield, Connecticut, December 17, 1773, and died there November 21, 1775, aged ninety-two years. John Higbee, son of Edward Higbee, was born at Middletown, July 16, 1707, was married March 9, 1731, to Sarah Candee and in 1773 removed to Westfield. His wife was born at Middletown, May 3, 1710. His will, dated October 8, 1790, mentions his wife, Sarah, and several children, and his estate inventoried at three hundred and six pounds and thirteen shillings. Zacheus Higbee, born at Middletown, January 5, 1735, was there married October 16, 1760, to Rebecca Wilcox, and their son Jeremiah was born at Middletown, March 20, 1766. He was a Baptist minister, and died at Turin, New York, in 1842. His wife was Mrs. Lydia Higbee, and they had three children, including Jeremiah Higbee, father of Edwin C. Higbee. He was born at Middletown, Connecticut, in 1791-2, removed to Lodi, Ohio, where he followed merchandising, and was married there June 12, 1835, to Sarah Converse. After her death he wedded Cornelia Brainard, while his third wife was Virginia Foote. His death occurred in Cleveland, January 22, 1878. On the distaff side Edwin C. Higbee is descended from Deacon Edward Converse, who was born at Wakerly, England, January 30, 1590, and in 1630 accompanied Governor Winthrop to Boston, settling first in Charlestown, and afterward, as one of the seven men appointed by the church at Charlestown, founded the church and town of Woburn, Massachusetts. He became a selectman of 966 - HISTORY OF CLEVELAND the town and spent his remaining days there. Many of the descendants of Edward Converse have filled conspicuous positions in the learned professions, the commercial world and in public life. Among the well known names are those of Theodore Norris, U. S. N., William Dean Howells, the author, Larken G. Mead, the sculptor, and John H. Converse, manufacturer and capitalist of Philadelphia. The records go back in direct line to Roger De Coigneries, of Coigneries, France, and Durham, England, born about 1010, and the line goes down through Roger De Coigneries, Durham, England; Roger De Coniers, Durham and Sockburn, England; Galfried Conyers, John Conyers, Sir Humphrey Conyers, Sir John Conyers and Roger Conyers, all of Sockburn, England ; Sir John Conyer, Sockburn, England, who died in 1395; Robert Conyers, of Sockburn, who was born in 1371, and died in 1433; John Conyers, Sir Christopher Conyers; Sir John Conyers and Sir John Conyers, H, all of Hornby, England ; Reginald Conyers, Wakerly, England, who died in 1514; Richard Conyers, Wakerly, England; Christopher Conyers, of Wakerly, England, who was baptized in 1552 ; Edward Conyers, Wakerly, Englantl, born January 30, 1590, and died August 0, 1663, at Woburn, Massachusetts; Lieutenant James Converse, who was born in Wakerly, England, in 1620, married Anna Long, of Charlestown, Massachusetts, October 24, 1643, and died at Woburn, Massachusetts, May , 1715 ; Major James Converse, who was born at Woburn, Massachusetts, November 16, 1645, was married to Hannah Carter, January 1, 1668, and died July 8, 1706; John Converse, who was born at Woburn, Massachusetts, March 22, 1673, was married to Abigail Sawyer, May 22, 1699, and died at Woburn, January 6, 5708; Joshua Converse, who was born at Woburn, Massachusetts, January 3, 1704, was married to Rachel Blanchard, July 31, 1729, and was drowned in 1774; Sergeant Joseph Converse, who was born at Litchfield, New Hampshire, November 13, 1739, was married to Elizabeth Davis, May 27, 1762, and died February 16, 1828, at Chesterfield, New Hampshire, (sergeant in Captain Moore's company, Colonel Baldwin's regiment, Massachusetts troops. Marched on Lexington alarm of April 19, 1775, from Bedford, Massachusetts. War of the American Revolution.) ; William Converse, who was born October 12, 1774, at Bedford, Massachusetts, married November 13, 1800, to Sarah Hunt, and died at Westmoreland, New Hampshire, December 31, 1831; and Sarah Converse, who was born at Weathersfield, Vermont, April 12, 1804. She became a resident of Ohio, and at Lodi, June 12, 1835, became the wife of Jeremiah Higbee, the leading merchant of the town. Unto them were born Edwin Converse Higbee, September 7, 1837, and Joseph Converse Higbee, September 6, 1842. Six days after the birth of the latter the mother died, and in October the infant son was laid by her side. Edwin C. Higbee was only five years of age when bereft of a mother's care but the father married again, and throughout his entire life Mr. Higbee acknowledged his indebtedness to the influence and care of his father's third wife, Virginia Foote. He was a thoughtful boy, yet with a merry heart ; gentle in manner, of kindly disposition, but earnest and purposeful. His youth was passed in the manner of most village lads, who are surrounded by the influences of a cultured home. After acquiring his early education in the public schools he entered the Baptist College at Granville, Ohio, where he remained for two years. At the age of sixteen he united with the Congregational church at Lodi and his Christianity was ever the most influential factor in his after life. Because of an attractive business pending he did not complete his college course but joined J. G. Hower, a merchant of Burbank, under the firm style of Hower & Higbee. Removing to Cleveland, September 10, 1860, for a broader field of labor, their house became one of the leading retail stores of the city. With the growth of Cleveland the trade expanded, its conduct being characterized by the highest principles of commercial integrity and enterprise. Mr. Hower died in 5897 and in 1902 the business was incorporated as the Higbee Company, with E. C. Higbee as president, in which position he continued until his death, when he was succeeded by William T. Higbee. For forty-five years he was prominently iden- HISTORY OF CLEVELAND - 967 tified with the business interests of Cleveland, was universally respected in commercial circles, and by his employees was loved and revered. In addition to his mercantile interests he was for many years a trustee 0f the Society for Savings in Cleveland and an active and honored member of the Chamber of Commerce. From a memorial volume we quote: "Among the men who have helped in the making of the city of Cleveland in the last half century, Edwin C. Higbee stood as an example of successful, conscientious devotion to the best interests of the community in which for forty-five years he lived and labored. His was a successful business life in a larger and broader sense than is commonly expressed in the figured totals of accumulated wealth. He was rich in having made his name a synonym for unquestioned integrity among his compeers m the business life of Cleveland, and richer still in that wealth of confidence and loyal devotion which he had earned from his business associates and employes. There can be no higher tribute to his memory than the fact that among the sincerest mourners at his death were those with whom he had been in his life in closest contact as an employer. No man long conceals his true character from his employes." On the 23d of August, 1860, just prior to his removal to Cleveland, Mr. Higbee married Miss Mary Elizabeth Haines, a daughter of Austin David and Hannah ( Tryon) Haines, of Lodi. They became parents of five children, four of whom, together with the mother, survive. Howard Haines, Ph. D., the eldest, prepared for college at Brooks Military Academy, and was graduated from Yale in 1884. He further pursued his studies at the Johns Hopkins University, where he took a special course in chemistry, and also studied chemistry in Germany. He is now a professor in chemistry and physics. He married Florence Johnson, of Wooster, Ohio. William Tryon, the second son, after attending the public schools and Brooks Military Academy, entered the employ of Hower & Higbee in 1885, became secretary of the Higbee Company in 1902, and upon the death of his father succeeded to the presidency. He occupied a prominent and valued position in business circles and in addition to his mercantile interests is a director in the Cleveland National Bank. He belongs to the Union, Hermit, Euclid, and Rowfant Clubs, the Chamber of Commerce, and to the Calvary Presbyterian church. His wife, Mrs. Ella Higbee, is a daughter of Eugene H. Purdue, of Cleveland, and they have two children, Edwin C. II, and Eugene P. Mary E. Higbee became the wife of William H. Cleminshaw, of Cleveland, and their four children are Russell, Holbrook, Clarence and Charles. Edith A. is the wife of William T. Pullman, of New York, and they have three children, John, Edwin and William. Mr. Higbee was most devoted to the welfare of his family, not only providing liberally for their material interests but also paved the way for their intellectual and moral progress. His interest in the higher things of life, his sympathy with every cause having for its object the relief of human suffering and the uplifting of humanity, broadened his horizon and made life in its best sense his business. As a citizen Mr. Higbee shirked no duty and sought no reward, save the consciousness of having thrown the weight of his influence where it counted most for civic righteousness and the moral and material benefit of the people. He was wisely conservative, prudent and safe in his estimate of men and of measures affecting the public weal; frankly tolerant of honest opinion, however divergent from his own conviction; independent without self assertion; patriotic without boasting. No history of Mr. Higbee would be complete without reference to his religious life, for his Christian faith was ever a dominating force in his nature and his conduct. For thirty-five years he was a ruling elder and his service in the sessions of both the Old Stone and Calvary Presbyterian churches was characterized by marked ability. His wise and prudent counsel and self sacrificing devotion endeared him to his colaborers in the work of the Master whom he loved. Christianity was to him a reality ; a philosophy of life, which solved all problems, quieted all fear, banished every doubt. He did more than believe it—he 968 - HISTORY OF CLEVELAND lived it and his life exemplified his faith. He died January 18, 1906, after an illness of brief duration. His character was one of pure gold, without a particle of dross. He was characterized by Charles F. Thwing, of the Western Reserve University, who wrote of him as one of the gentlest of all gentlemen and one of the noblest of men. SPENCER MARCUS DUTY. Spencer Marcus Duty was born September 28, 1878, in Cleveland, Ohio, where he has since lived. His father, Daniel Duty, was a native of New York state, born in 1832, and in 1836 came to Cleveland, where he engaged in the brick and ice business until his death, which occurred January 7, 1902. His father and grandfather had both engaged in the same line of business, his father having been a pioneer brick manufacturer of Cleveland. Spencer M. Duty now has in his possession a patent given his grandfather on a brick machine, and signed March 8,_1833, by Andrew Jackson, president of the United States and Richard B. Taney, attorney general and afterward chief justice. The mother of Spencer M. Duty bore the maiden name of Sarah L. Cozad, and is a daughter of Andrew Cozad and a representative of one of the oldest families of East Cleveland. They were of French Huguenot lineage, the original American ancestors coming to this country from Scotland in the latter part of the eighteenth century, having left France at the time of the revocation of the Edict of Nantes. The farms which were at one time owned by the Cozad, Duty, and Ford families comprised practically all of what is now Wade Park and Euclid Heights and the land lying between. Mrs. Duty is still living at the age of sixty-five, her birth having occurred July 22, 1844. In the family were four children, Spencer M. Duty being the elder of the two surviving members of the family, his sister, Alice Duty, being at home with her mother. Mr. Duty received his education in the public schools of Cleveland, completing his high school course in the class of 1897. He then entered the brick-manufacturing business with his father, upon whose death, in 1902, he succeeded to the management of the plant at Collinwood. He continued the development and extension of the enterprise and, in 1906, in company with Chas. J. Deckman, of Cleveland, purchased a plant at Carrollton, Ohio. In 1908 these two plants, together with the plant of The Malvern Clay Company, at Malvern, Ohio, which was one of the first to produce paving brick in the state, were combined under the name of The Deckman-Duty Brick Company, Mr. Duty being elected president of the company. It is one of the largest of its kind in the state, shipping about four thousand carloads of paving brick annually. Upon the formation of the National Paving Brick Manufacturers' Association, Mr. Duty was elected its first secretary and has continued taking an active part in its work. He is also a member of the Cleveland Chamber of Commerce and The Cleveland Athletic Club. He is interested to some extent in Collinwood real estate, but resides at the old Cozad family home at No. 11307 Euclid avenue, which is the property of his mother and one of the oldest residences in the city, having been erected about 1838 by his grandfather, who cut the timber and made the brick used in its construction. On the 12th of December, 1905, Mr. Duty was married in Cleveland to Miss Mabel F. Cummer, a daughter of F. D. Cummer, the founder of the F. D. Cummer & Son Company, drying machinery, of Cleveland, Ohio. Mr. and Mrs. Duty have one son, Spencer Cummer, who was born February 9, 1907. By his ballot, Mr. Duty supports the republican party at national elections but is not strongly partisan in local affairs. He is also a member of the Euclid Avenue Congregational church, which originally numbered in its membership HISTORY OF CLEVELAND - 971 the Cozad, Ford and Duty families, the old house of worship at Doan and Euclid having been erected entirely of brick given by his grandfather for the purpose. It will be seen that Mr. Duty is a representative of two of the oldest families of the city, who through the intervening years-have been prominently connected with those interests which have figured most largely in the city's substantial development and progress in other lines. His own record is in keeping with the history of an honored ancestry, and he is today recognized as one of Cleveland's most respected young business men. REUBEN FAIRBANKS SMITH. When ambition is satisfied and every ultimate aim accomplished satiety follows, effort languishes and industry becomes futile. It is the man who is not satisfied with present conditions who delights in the doing, who finds pleasure in exerting his powers and in solving intricate problems, that becomes a forceful factor in the world's development. From early youth Reuben Fairbanks Smith has been one of the world's workers and his success, so great as to seem almost magical, is attributable directly to his own labors. Entering the employ of the Cleveland & Pittsburg Railroad Company as paymaster in 1855, he was gradually promoted to positions of greater and greater responsibility until in 1891 he became president of the road, in which official capacity he has since represented its interests. Reuben Fairbanks Smith was born at Windham, Connecticut, on the 3oth of June, 1830, his parents being Edwin and Amanda (Frink) Smith. At the age of ten years he came to Cleveland and in the acquirement of an education attended the public schools, completing his studies at the academy conducted by F. J. Hamilton of this city. On putting aside his text-books he secured employment as a clerk in a hardware store at Newark, Ohio, and afterward accepted the position of cashier and bookkeeper with Raymond, North & Company, dry goods merchants of Cleveland, remaining in their service from 1851 until 1855. In March of the latter year he became identified with the Cleveland & Pittsburg Railroad Company, entering the service of that corporation in the capacity of paymaster. Six years later he organized the accounting department of the company and was placed in charge thereof as auditor, while from 1869 until 1871 inclusive, covering a period of three years, he filled the office of vice president. Under the lease of the property to the Pennsylvania Railroad Company on December 1, 1871, he was appointed assistant general manager of the Cleveland & Pittsburg Division of the Pennsylvania Lines west of Pittsburg. In 1889 he was commissioned to organize the voluntary relief department of the Pennsylvania Lines west of Pittsburg, and successfully conducted its affairs for eleven years. At the end of that time, he was retired from active service with the Pennsylvania Company as required in the case of all officers and employes by the regulations of its pension department. In 1891, following the demise of J. N. McCullough, he succeeded to the presidency of the Cleveland & Pittsburg Railroad Company and has continued in that position to the present time. The following is an extract from a record of his career published by the Writers Press Association of New York : "Strict attention to his duties and absolute faithfulness to the interests of the company into the service of which he entered on one of the lowest rungs of the ladder, led to rapid and well earned promotion, until he reached the very important position he now holds. Yet he is among the most unassuming of men, steady, quiet, and of an unostentatious disposition and accomplishes his duties with apparently no effort. His ability to master details and his thorough grasp of situations makes him equal to the most complex conditions, which is undoubtedly the secret of his great success." In 1856 Mr. Smith was united in marriage to Miss Rebecca Wyles Peters, a granddaughter of Chief Justice Peters of Connecticut. They had two sons and a daughter : Clifford C., who married Miss Emma Lewis, of Chicago ; Augustus 972 - HISTORY OF CLEVELAND F., who married Miss Mary P. Sackett, of Cuyahoga Falls, Ohio ; and Carrie B., at home. Mr. and Mrs. Smith traveled life's journey happily together for more than a half century, their mutual love and confidence increasing as the years went by, until Mrs. Smith passed away six months after the celebration of her golden wedding, leading an extensive circle of warm friends to mourn her loss. Mr. Smith became a member of the First Presbyterian church of Cleveland in 1854, acted as superintendent of its Sunday school for a number of years, has been a member of its session since 1866 and is now senior elder in the church. In manner he is entirely free from ostentation or display, yet there is not about him the least shadow of mock modesty. He readily recognizes his opportunities and his duties, utilizes the former and fully meets the latter. He knows that man's best development comes not through the concentration of one's energies upon selfish ends, and a deep and sincere interest in his fellowmen and their welfare has prompted his active cooperation in various movements which have contributed to reform, progress and improvement. W. D. B. ALEXANDER. W. D. B. Alexander, the president of the National Screw & Tack Company and a man of extensive business interests, was born in Cleveland on the 21st of August, 1858, his parents being David Brown and Frances Alexander. He obtained his education in the public schools and in 1876, at the age of eighteen years, secured employment as a telegraph operator, being thus engaged until 1879, in which year he became an accountant in the Union Steel Screw Company. In 1889 he organized the National Screw & Tack Company, was elected its president and has since acted as the chief executive officer of this important concern. He is likewise the president of the National Acme Manufacturing Company, the AdamsBagnall Electric Company, the Cleveland Bolt & Manufacturing Company, the Adams Drill Company and the Allegheny Coal Company, and is a director of the Cleveland Trust Company, the First National Bank, the Elliott-Fisher Company and the D. C. Griese & Walker Company. In 1881 was celebrated the marriage of Mr. Alexander and Miss Lida Graham and they now have three children : Harold Graham, William Brownlie and Helen Gertrude Alexander. In his political views- Mr. Alexander is a stanch republican but has no desire for the honors nor emoluments of public office. Socially he is identified with the Gentlemen's Driving Club, the Union Club and the Euclid Club, having served as president of the last named for one term. CHARLES ALFRED PAINE. Among the strong men who have given solidity to the banking interests of Cleveland, establishing here some of the strongest financial institutions of the nation, is numbered Charles Alfred Paine, the vice president of the Superior Savings & Trust Company. He was born in Cleveland, October 18, 1865, and is a son of George S. Paine, who was born October , 1842, in England. At the age of five years the latter was brought to America by his father, Charles Paine, who continued his residence on this side the Atlantic until his death. George S. Paine engaged for many years in the plumbing business as senior partner of the firm of George S. Paine & Company, retiring from active life in 1898. His wife, Mrs. Mary Paine, was a daughter of John Pinkney, a representative of one of the old Pennsylvania families. Through successive grades in the Cleveland public schools, in the central high school and in the Spencerian Business College Charles A. Paine pursued his educa- HISTORY OF CLEVELAND - 973 tion and crossed the threshold of business life as a messenger in the employ of the Ohio National Bank in 1883. Later he was promoted to corresponding clerk, terminating his connection with that institution in 1886, at which time he became general bookkeeper with the Euclid Avenue National Bank. In 1890 he was appointed assistant cashier of the newly organized Central National Bank and in 1900 was elected cashier. He is now vice president of the Superior Savings & Trust Company, to which position he was elected in January, 1909, is a director of the Central National Bank and the president of the First National Bank of Burton, Ohio. He is also a director of the Martin-Barriss Company. In June, 1890, occurred the marriage of Charles Alfred Paine and Margaret Martin, a daughter of John T. and Sarah (Gage) Martin. Mrs. Paine died in August, 1902, leaving two children, Charles A. and Margaret. On the 4th of January, 1909, Mr. Paine wedded Ruth Elizabeth Kendig, a daughter of Daniel S. and Esther A. (Palmer) Kendig, of Waterloo, New York. Mrs. Paine was educated at Miss Piatt's school, in Utica, New York, and is greatly interested in the work of the Emmanuel Episcopal church and its charities. Mr. Paine holds membership in the Union, Euclid and Hermit Clubs and is a director and treasurer of the Euclid Club. He is also a prominent member of the Chamber of Commerce, in which he served as director for two years and as treasurer for two years. He gives allegiance to the republican party at elections where national issues are involved but his local ballot is cast without regard for party ties in support of candidates whom he thinks will best conserve the public welfare in the faithful performance of duty. For three years he was a member of the Cleveland Grays, a military organization of which the city has ever been proud. When the stress of business affairs is not too great he enjoys golf and fishing, but allows nothing to interfere with his duties in connection with the banking mterests of the city, his close application and his capacity for making friends easily being strong points in his success. JUDGE JOHN CUSHMAN HALE. Judge John Cushman Hale, who has lived retired since 1905, was formerly a prominent and successful representative of the legal fraternity in Cleveland as a member of the firm of Boynton & Hale and for two terms served as judge of the circuit court. His birth occurred in Orford, New Hampshire, on the 3d of March, 1831. The first representative of the family m this country was Thomas Hale, who made the voyage from England to the United States in 1636 or 1637 and joined the colony at Newbury, Massachusetts. One of his sons, Thomas Hale, was the father of Samuel, whose son Jonathan became the father of John. The last named, who acted as a surgeon in the Revolutionary war, was a brother-in-law of Colonel Prescott, that gentleman having married his sister, Abigail Hale. Three sons of Surgeon John Hale-John, David and William-likewise aided the colonists in their struggle for independence as soldiers in the Revolutionary army. One of these sons, John Hale, wedded Miss Lydia Tillottson and they became the parents of Aaron Hale, the father of our subject. Aaron Hale, whose birth occurred in Hollis, New Hampshire, in 1785, followed farming throughout his active business career and passed away in 1868. In early manhood he had wedded Miss Mary Kent, a daughter of Thomas and Mary (Humphrey) Kent. John Cushman Hale obtained his early education in the public schools and prepared for college at Orford Academy. Subsequently he entered Dartmouth College, completing the course in that institution with the class of 1857. Following his graduation he came to Cleveland and during the first three years of his residence in this city was engaged in the profession of teaching, also reading law in the meantime. He was admitted to the bar in July, 1861, and located for practice at Elyria, Ohio, where he served as prosecuting attorney from 1863 until 1869. In 974 - HISTORY OF CLEVELAND 1877 he was elected judge of the common pleas court, capably discharging the duties of the office until 1883, when he returned to Cleveland and formed a partnership with Judge Boynton under the firm style of Boynton & Hale. In 1893 John C. Hale was elected judge of the circuit court and continued in the office for two terms. His decisions indicated strong mentality, careful analysis, a thorough knowledge of the law and an unbiased judgment. The judge on the bench fails more frequently, perhaps, from a deficiency in that broad-mindedness which not only comprehends the details of a situation quickly and that insures a complete self-control under even the most exasperating conditions than from any other cause ; and the judge who makes a success in the discharge of his multitudinous delicate duties is a man of well rounded character, finely balanced mind and of splendid intellectual attainments. That Judge Hale was regarded as such a jurist was evidenced in his reelection. In 1897 the degree of Bachelor of Laws was conferred upon him by Dartmouth College. In December, 1859, Judge Hale was united in marriage to Miss Caroline Sanborn, who was born in December, 1833, her parents being Moses and Esther (Kinsman) Sanborn. She was called to her final rest in June, 1903, and her loss was deeply mourned by all who knew her. In politics Judge Hale has ever been a stanch advocate of the republican party, believing that its principles are most conducive to good government. He served in the constitutional convention of 1873. He belongs to the Alpha Delta Phi fraternity and is also a member of the Union and University Clubs, while for many years he was prominently identified with the Colonial and Euclid Clubs. He is very fond of travel and has visited many parts of the United States as well as foreign countries. His residence is at No. 7901 Euclid avenue. He has now passed the seventy-ninth milestone on life's journey and can look back over an active, useful and honorable career, having at all times fully merited the respect and admiration so uniformly accorded him. JOHN K. HORD. John K. Hord is recognized as one of the ablest lawyers that has ever practiced before the Cleveland bar. He is enshrined in the memory 0f his friends in the halo of a gracious presence, charming personality and splendid intellectual attainments, and in him was blended a rare combination of the courtesy of the old school, with the ability and progressiveness of the modern era. On the 17th of June, 1827, on a plantation in Rockingham county, Virginia, John K. Hord started upon the journey of life. The family has been represented in the old Dominion since the earliest colonization of the new world His ancestors came from Bampton, near Oxford, England, the old homestead being known as Cote House, which was built in the sixteenth century and is still well preserved. It remained m possession of the Hord family until 1854. The ancestry can be traced back to the early part of the sixteenth century by official records, etc. It was in 1632 that the family was founded at Jamestown, Virginia, and the original home, then built, is in a fair state of preservation. The first to locate here were of that class that aided in conquering the wilderness of the western world, who faced the dangers that menaced them by reason of the savage foe that resented the encroachment of the white race, and yet with brave, courageous spirit they aided in planting the seeds of civilization on the American continent. Peter Hord, the father, was born in Madison county, Virginia, in December, 1802. The mother, Mrs. Eliza Hord, was the daughter of a Virginia planter and was born in Orange county, that state, in March, 1802. Fearing not to face the arduous conditions of pioneer life, Peter Hord, in 1832, removed with his family to Homer, Licking county, where he HISTORY OF CLEVELAND - 977 engaged in business and became an active factor in the substantial development of that part of the state. John K. Hord was a little lad of five years at the time of the removal t0 Ohio and in this state attended school with several who afterward won national fame, including General W. S. Rosecrans, Bishop Sylvester Rosencrans and Judge Charles H. Scribner. He spent the days of his boyhood and youth under the parental roof in Homer and in his twentieth year entered the law office of J. W. Wilson of Tiffin, Ohio, with whom he studied until twenty-two years of age, when, having mastered many of the principles of jurisprudence, he was admitted to the bar in Tiffin. That he enjoyed the confidence and good will of the people was manifest in the fact that he soon acquired a good clientage, and that the trust reposed in him was well merited was indicated in the success which he won at the bar. While residing in Tiffin, he was without his knowledge elected to the office of probate judge of Seneca county, in 1853. He never sought nor desired political preferment but his ability won him recognition of this character and he discharged his duties in most acceptable manner. In the year 1865 Mr. Hord removed to Fremont, Ohio, which furnished him with better railroad and traveling facilities and he continued in the practice of law there until 1869, when his health failed and he removed to St. Martin's parish, Louisiana, where he made his home on a sugar plantation which he purchased. Outdoor life proved beneficial and with apparently restored health he returned to Ohio in 1872 and resumed the practice of law in Cleveland. He was not long in attaining a position of distinction at the bar of this city and was connected with much important litigation tried in its courts, but in 1881 his health again partially failed and ever afterward it was necessary for him to spend the winter months in the south. Though somewhat lacking in physical strength and vigor, he had a mind of remarkable power and presented his cases before the courts in a most masterly manner. He never entered the court room until he had thoroughly prepared his cases, planning for the defense as well as the attack and his arguments presented the clearest and most cogent reasoning that could be given for his contention. He stood as one of the strongest and most able members that has ever practiced at the Cleveland bar and no member has ever been more careful to conform his practice to a high standard of professional ethics. He never sought to lead the court astray in a matter of fact or law. He treated the court with the courtesy that is its due and indulged in no malicious criticism because it arrived at a conclusion in the decision of the case different from that which he hoped to hear. Calm, dignified, self controlled, free from passion or prejudice, and overflowing with kindness, he gave to his client the service of great talent, unwearied industry and rare learning, yet he never forgot that there were certain things due to the court, to his own self respect, and above all to justice and a righteous administration of the law which neither the zeal of an advocate nor the pleasure of success would permit his to disregard. Mr. Hord gave his early political allegiance to the democracy but in 1856 supported the first presidential candidate of the republican party—John Fremont -and continued one of the substantial champions of the party throughout the remainder of his days. While he was never an aspirant for office, he was deeply interested in the great political problems of the day and stood as a fearless champion of those principles which he believed to be right. In the political campaigns of 1856, 1860, 1864, 1868, 1872 and 1880 he took an active part, delivering many addresses in different parts of the state upon the questions of vital import. These were marked by clearness of statement and close logical reasoning and were delivered with force and eloquence. Such was the respect entertained for his opinions and the honesty of his convictions that his words were an influencing factor with many. 978 - HISTORY OF CLEVELAND On the 30th of April, 1850, Mr. Hord was married to Miss Eleanor Spooner, a daughter of Alanson Spooner, a resident of Tiffin, Ohio, and a native of the state of New York. They became the parents of a son and two daughters: A. C. Hord, who was admitted to the Ohio bar and afterward became principal owner of the McIntosh Hardware Corporation of Cleveland; Mrs. S. D. Cole, living in Birmingham, Alabama ; and Mrs. C. S. Selover, of Cleveland. In all personal relations Mr. Hord was signally mild in manner, notwithstanding his decided opinions, and was at all times imbued with that thorough appreciation which was typical of the southern gentleman of the old school. His interest in his fellowmen was deep and sincere and he looked upon life from the standpoint of hope, believing in the progress of the world and in the desire of the great majority for those things which are enabling rather than detrimental. The death of Mr. Hord occurred September 17, 1894, at which time the following resolution was passed by the bench and bar : "Resolved, That the intellectual, moral and social traits of our deceased Brother have left upon us an enduring impression and furnish the example of a life which commands our respect and honor." Thus was brought to a close a life of usefulness, characterized by the commendable development of his native powers and talents and the wise use of his opportunities. A man of broad mind, his view of life was no narrow or contracted one but recognized the opportunities of the individual not only for his own advancement but in his relations to all mankind. The respect which he entertained for his fellowmen brought him their unqualified regard, while his high mental attainments won their admiration. JOSEPH EDWIN UPSON. Joseph Edwin Upson has shown marked capacity for the successful conduct of affairs of great breadth and is now closely associated with various corporate interests of Cleveland. His ability and undaunted enterprise have made him a dynamic force in commercial and industrial circles and his business connections cover a wide range indicating his ready mastery of varied business problems. He is now the president of the Upson-Walton Company, makers of cordage and importers and jobbers of ship, mine, mill and railway supplies. He is also the president of the Cleveland Block Company, manufacturers of metal tackle blocks, president of the Wilson Transit Company and a director in other important enterprises. Mr. Upson started upon life's journey August 14, 1842, in Tallmadge, then Portage but now Summit county, Ohio. His great-grandfather, John Upson, and his grandfather, Horatio Upson, both lie buried in the Tallmadge cemetery for the family was established there in pioneer times and since that day the representatives of the name have been substantial factors in Ohio's growth and development. Edwin Upson, the father of Joseph E. Upson, was born in Waterbury, Connecticut, and made the journey to Tallmadge on foot accompanied by three companions in the year 1822. That portion of the state was then largely a wild and unimproved district and with the work of frontier development he became closely associated. Later he returned to Connecticut and was there married to Miss Betsey Blakeslee, a daughter of Jacob Blakeslee, of Watertown, Connecticut, who was one of the largest stock farmers of that state and was the owner of the first coach in that town. Following his marriage Edwin Upson returned with his bride to Ohio, making the journey by way of the Erie canal when it was first opened. He resided in Tallmadge until the time of his retirement from active business about 1878 when he came to Cleveland, making his home with his son Joseph, until his death which occurred on the 1st of May, 1885, when he was eighty-one years of age. Throughout his business career he had given his energies to general farming. His wife sur- HISTORY OF CLEVELAND - 981 vived him for about seventeen years, passing away in 1902 at the age of eighty- nine years. In the academy at Tallmadge Joseph E. Upson acquired his more specifically literary education and then equipped himself for a business career by attending Eastman Business College, at Poughkeepsie, New York. After the outbreak of the Civil war he found that he did not enlist with the regulars but served with the Squirrel Hunters, called out by Governor David Tod to protect Cincinnati and the southern part of the state against the Morgan raiders and drive the Confederate general and his troops from the state. After this service was successfully completed Mr. Upson returned home in September, 1862. He also enlisted in response to the call for troops to serve for one hundred days and thus as opportunity offered he manifested his loyalty to the Union by active military service. Subsequent to the war Mr. Upson entered the employ of a savings bank at Waterbury, Connecticut, and after a short time went to New York city as a representative of another house. Later he returned to Cleveland and for some time was in the employ of William Bingham & Company, wholesale hardware dealers, after which he entered the service of L. L. Lyon, a ship chandler, with whom he continued until Mr. Lyon's death. About that time—on the 1st of February, 1871,—he formed a partnership with John W. Walton and established business as ship chandlers at No. 127 River street under the firm style of Upson & Walton. In 1872 Henry F. Lyman was admitted to the firm and the name changed to Upson, Walton & Company, the business being thus conducted until 1893 when it was incorporated as the Upson-Walton Company, Mr. Upson serving continuously to the present time as its president. In addition to his activity in the Upson-Walton Company the labors of Mr. Upson proved a resultant factor for success in the Cleveland Block Company and the Wilson Transit Company, of both of which he is president and in various other important enterprises of which he is a director. The business of the Upson-Walton Company has gradually developed along substantial lines and at the same time Mr. Upson has been a factor in organizations for the general promotion of trade, being connected with the Chamber of Commerce, the Lake Carriers Association, the National Rivers & Harbors Congress and the Merchant Marine League of which he was one of the original members. While his business activity and energy have brought him notable success Mr. Upson's interests have by no means been self-centered and if the biographer were asked to characterize his life in a single sentence it might be done in the words : a business man whose diligence and business acumen are well balanced with broad humanitarianism. Indeed so few men so fully realized or met the responsibilities of wealth. As his financial resources have increased Mr. Upson has never been neglectful of his opportunities to aid his fellowmen who have been less fortunate and to support worthy movements for the good of the community. He has assisted in founding several churches in Cleveland, was one of the organizers of the Calvary Presbyterian church and later was one of the prime movers in establishing the Bolton Avenue and Collinwood Presbyterian churches. His membership is now in the Euclid Avenue Presbyterian church, of which he is serving as an elder. In politics he is an independent republican, opposed to anything like misrule in public affairs or to machine-made politics. This has led him on many occasions to cast an independent ballot when he has believed that the general good could be best conserved thereby. On the 29th of September, 1868, Mr. Upson was married to Miss Cornelia M. Lyman, a daughter of Luther F. Lyman, then a retired merchant of Cleveland but now deceased. Mrs. Upson is also greatly interested in conditions relating to progress and has been identified with the Woman's Auxiliary of Wooster University for a number of years. She has always taken an active interest in church and charitable work, being in hearty accord with her husband's efforts in that direction. Their marriage has been blessed by five chil- 982 - HISTORY OF CLEVELAND dren : Frances E., who is the wife of Robert Young, of Hollywood, California; and has two children, Mary and Clarence Upson ; Mira, who died at the age of two years ; Oliver W., who is associated in business with his father ; Walter L., professor of electrical engineering m the Ohio State University, at Columbus; and Clara C., the wife of E. H. Churchill, of this city. The family residence is at No. 11447 Euclid avenue. Mr. Upson having erected his dwelling there in 1896. He is devoted to his family and home, being preeminently a man of domestic tastes and regarding the home relation as the center of a Christian civilization. A. BURNS SMYTHE. A. Burns Smythe, well known in musical and athletic circles but preeminently a business man, well qualified for the responsibilities that devolve upon him as the manager of the realty department of the Cleveland Trust Company, was born in Nevada, Ohio, August 4, 1874. His grandfather, William Smythe, was born in Washington county, Pennsylvania, in 1807, and died in Holton, Kansas. His wife, who bore the maiden name of Mary Story, was born in Ohio in 1808. The birth of Marcus M. Smythe, the father of A. Burns Smythe, occurred in Jefferson county, Ohio, in 1837, and when he had arrived at years of maturity he wedded Mary Burns, who was born in Mansfield, Ohio, in 1846. Her grandfather was an own cousin of the poet Robert Burns. Her father, the Rev. John Burns, was the principal of Milford Academy and received the degree of Master of Arts from Kenyon College in 1856. The family of Marcus M. and Mary (Burns) Smythe numbered three daughters and a son. Mrs. Josiah Catrow, of Germantown, Ohio ; Mrs. E. V. Wells, a resident of Lima, Ohio; Mary Alice Smythe, of Berkeley, California, and A. Burns Smythe. After attending the common schools the only son pursued a course in the Ohio Business College at Mansfield and later engaged in teaching in the country districts for four years. In 1898 he was elected principal of the high school at Nevada, Ohio, which position he resigned to enter Oberlin College. He joined the class of 1902 and pursued the course until he had completed three years' work, when he left school to engage in the real-estate business in Cleveland. His success was so rapid and thorough that he attracted the attention of the Cleveland Trust Company and was called to take charge of their realty department, which he has since managed. His previous experience well fitted him for the responsibilities that devolve upon him in this connection and he is widely recognized as a business man of marked acumen and enterprise, never deviating from a course which his judgment sanctions, but with persistent purpose pursuing his way until the desired end is attained. He is also identified with other important business concerns of the city, his ripe judgment and quick perception of values making his cooperation sought in the control of important business affairs. Mr. Smythe has always been interested in athletics and while in college was pitcher on the baseball nine. He and his team members had the distinction of winning the championship of Ohio colleges in 1898 and 1899 and Mr. Smythe's work as a pitcher was of such character as to attract the notice of Jimmy McAleer, who was at that time manager of the Cleveland team. In 1wo, while still in college, as a result of a favorable proposition made him, Mr. Smythe signed with the Cleveland team for a year. Mr. Smythe is also widely known in musical circles. He has wisely cultivated the talents with which nature endowed him and for three years he was a member of the Oberlin College Glee Club quartet, while for six years he was a director of the Adelbert Glee Club. For two years he was a member of the Shubert quartet and for three years was tenor soloist of the Pilgrim church quartet, while for four years he was a director and tenor soloist of the Windemere Presbyterian church. He takes a deep interest m settlement work and formerly had charge of the music HISTORY OF CLEVELAND - 983 at Goodrich House and at Alta House and was for a year a director of the Glee Club of the Young Men's Christian Association. On the 13th of November, 1902, Mr. Smythe was married to Miss Katherine Loomis, of Oil City, Pennsylvania, a daughter of Charles and Ida E. Loomis, the former a native of North East, Pennsylvania, and the latter of Milwaukee, Wisconsin. The father, until his death was secretary and treasurer of the Oil City Trust Company. Mrs. Smythe has two sisters, Harriet and Susan Loomis, and by her marriage she has become the mother of two sons : Charles Loomis Smythe, born October 23, 1903 ; and Marcus Loomis Smythe, born March 12, 1905. Mr. Smythe belongs to the Hermit and Clifton Clubs, in which he is deservedly popular. He is also a member of the Methodist church and in its work takes active and helpful part. He is a man of well rounded character and while he has won for himself a creditable position in business circles he recognizes the fact that commercialism is not all there is to life and has extended his activities to other fields, being deeply interested in the grave sociological and economic problems. He has given tangible proof of his spirit of helpfulness as a coworker in the organization of settlements, demonstrating his opinions of such questions by practical aid. JOHN C. HIPP. John C. Hipp is the president of the Hipp Delivery Company, in which connection he has built up a large and profitable enterprise. He is also interested in the Regal Motor Sales Company, selling agents for various motor manufacturing concerns, and although this is a comparatively young enterprise the initiative spirit which he has displayed and the carefully formulated plans for its conduct promise for it the same success which attends his other business. His father, Martin Hipp, was one of the pioneer residents of Cleveland, coming here in 1848. For a long period he was connected with the grocery business, and he also left the impress of his individuality upon the public life through his service as a member of the city council from the tenth ward in 1876 and through his cooperation in the work of the republican party, of which he was an active representative. His wife, Magdalena Hipp, came from Woodenburg, Germany, which was also his birthplace, and in 1894 she passed away at the age of sixty- five years, while Martin Hipp survived until 1901, reaching the age of seventy- two years before his demise. John C. Hipp, born in Cleveland, April 7, 1859, was educated in the public schools and entered business life as a clerk in the employ of A. J. Wenham & Son, wholesale grocers, with whom he remained for five years. His industry and careful expenditure during this time enabled him to then engage in business on his own account and he opened a retail grocery house near the corner of Clark and West Fifty-third streets. There he continued in business until 1891, when he disposed of his store and established a wholesale commission business on Broadway, where he remained until 1900, when he organized the Hipp Delivery Company, of which he has since been the president. The business has grown to be the largest in this line in Cleveland, having the contract for delivery with one hundred and forty-five retail houses. He seeks success along the lines of close application, unremitting diligence and the improvement of each opportunity presented and has recently extended the scope of his activities by becoming interested in the Regal Motor Sales Company. On the 7th of June, 1882, he was married in Cleveland to Miss Charlotte E. Weidemann, a daughter of J. J. and Elizabeth (Schneider) Weidemann. To them was born one daughter, Elsie May, who is now the wife of E. R. Seager, of Cleveland and has one child, Elizabeth Jane. Mr. Hipp was again married in 1893, his second union being with Nettie J. Swayer, a daughter of W. J. Swa- 984 - HISTORY OF CLEVELAND yer, a pioneer resident of the west side, and they now reside at No. 1354 Eighty- ninth street. Mr. Hipp is a thirty-second degree Mason and belongs also to the Mystic Shrine, the Royal Arcanum and to the Westwood Golf Club. The forceful man of the present is he who accomplishes his plans and not theorizes about them and the alert, enterprising spirit of today is manifest in the life record and work of John C. Hipp. CHARLES J. ALDRICH, M. D. Dr. Charles J. Aldrich, deceased, a distinguished neurologist, whose researches, comprehensive study and broad experience caused his opinions to be largely accepted as authority by members of the medical profession in Cleveland, was born in Spencer, Ohio, October 13, 1861. He was a representative of an old American family, his great-grandfather, Adolphus Aldrich, serving in the war of 1812. His grandfather, Charles W. Aldrich, traveled overland by team from New York to Ohio and, passing through Cleveland, took up his abode at Brunswick in pioneer times. He devoted his life to general farming and reached the remarkable old age of ninety-nine years. His son, C. W. Aldrich, who wedded Mary Reed, also became a prominent and well known farmer and he still makes his home at Spencer, Ohio, where the mother of our subject died December 5, 1908. Under the parental rooftree Dr. Aldrich spent his youthful days, pursuing his preliminary education in the public schools of Spencer and of Wellington, Ohio, after which he entered Baldwin University at Berea, this state. Later he attended lectures at the Western Reserve Medical College in 1881, receiving his professional diploma in 1882, upon his graduation from the medical department of Wooster University. He then removed to Middlebury, Indiana, where he continued in practice for about six or seven years, after which he returned to Cleveland and opened an office in this city. Throughout his life he embraced every opportunity for advancing his professional knowledge, and thus promoted his efficiency in practice, and in 1896 and again in 1906 he attended lectures and hospital clinics in London, Berlin and Paris, thus obtaining intimate knowledge of the methods of some of the most distinguished practitioners in the old world. In addition to private practice he did considerable professional service of a public nature. In 1890 he was elected to the staff of the Cleveland General Hospital and in the same year was appointed lecturer on nervous diseases in the University of Wooster. In 1893 he was made visiting neurologist to the Cleveland City Hospital and became consulting neurologist and psychiatrist to St. Luke's Hospital ; professor of neurology in the Cleveland College of Physicians & Surgeons in 1905 ; and professor of nervous and mental diseases in the same institution in 1906. Dr. Aldrich was a very able and prolific contributor to current medical literature and among the more important articles which came from his pen were those on Caisson Disease, The Nervous Complications and Sequellae of Pneumonia, Bead Nodding, Tic and Trap-Drummer's Neuroses. In 1901 he was honored by election to the presidency of the Cuyahoga County Medical Society, was chosen president of the Medico-Legal Society of Cleveland in 1902, and of the Cleveland Academy of Medicine in 1905. He also held membership in the American Medical Association and the Ohio State Medical Society. He was recognized as one of Cleveland's most noted nerve specialists and his opinions were accepted as authority on many important cases. At the time of his death he was making a study of the teeth and their relation to the nervous system. Among the host of readers in the United States and even in Europe who knew the late Dr. Charles J. Aldrich as an authority in neurology, there have been but HISTORY OF CLEVELAND - 987 few who were aware of his talents as a writer of fiction. He was not only a constant student and a man of wide reading, but he had marked creative ability and was a ready writer along other lines than those of medicine. Story-writing was a fad of the author's, but none of his stories have ever been published though they afford more than ordinary enjoyment to the reader of tales. Moreover, many of them are of absorbing interest to the physician and student of psychology, being founded on facts which came into the Doctor's possession through special cases, criminal and otherwise, to which he was called in the capacity of an expert. On the 27th of May, 1883, Dr. Aldrich was married to Jessie E. Hutchinson, a daughter of Thomas and Ethelinda Critchfield. Her father, a native of Kentucky, was a member of the famous Critchfield family of that state. He resided for some time in Middlebury, Indiana, and was a prominent farmer there. His wife was a native of England. Unto Dr. and Mrs. Aldrich were born two daughters : Mrs. Leona Crawford, who was born May 31, 1884, and has one child, Charles Aldrich Crawford; and Frances A., who is now the wife of Howard Jackson Seymour, of Detroit, Michigan, and has one son, Richard Aldrich Seymour. Politically Dr. Aldrich was a republican. He held membership in the Co lonial Club and was a charter member of the Foresters Club. He took great delight in hunting and fishing and had many trophies of the chase in his home. He was also an art critic of considerable renown and his broad culture made him a most entertaining and agreeable companion. He died April 29, 1908, honored by the profession and the general public. WALTER J. RICH. Walter J. Rich, the organizer and president of the Climax Refining Company of Cleveland, is a native son of England, his birth having occurred at Rodbourne, Wiltshire, February 12, 1869. His education was acquired in public and private schools. For the benefit of his health and also as a recreative measure he planned a three months' trip to the United States in 1885. At that time his uncle, John Teagle, was engaged in the oil business in this city as president of The Cleveland Refining Company, and on the 1st of February, 1886, Mr. Rich entered the employ of that company in a clerical capacity. By close application to business, unfaltering energy and firm purpose he worked his way steadily upward and ultimately became secretary and treasurer of the company, with which he was connected until November 30, 1897. On the following day he organized the Climax Refining Company, conducting a manufacturing and jobbing business with branch houses in Denver, Colorado, and Minneapolis, Minnesota. They also have an agency in India to facilitate their export trade in the orient and are doing a specialty business with brands that are recognized for quality and uniformity throughout the entire United States. Adhering closely to strict business principles of honor and progressiveness, this company has become a factor in their line of trade, known throughout the country. Mr. Rich is also identified with various other industries of this city. His three months' trip to the United States has been extended to a permanent residence for he here found good business opportunities and in their utilization has won a substantial measure of success. He has, however, at various times visited his native land and on making a tour around the world in 1893 visited the principal British possessions in various parts of the globe. He has made altogether nine trips acress the Atlantic. On the 6th of November, 1896, Mr. Rich was married to Miss Grace Wed- deli, a daughter of H. P. Weddell and a representative 0f one of the old pioneer families of Cleveland. They have two children: Horace, thirteen years of age, 988 - HISTORY OF CLEVELAND now a student in the University School ; and Jeannette Victoria, who was born on the anniversary of Queen Victoria's birth and was, therefore, so named. She is seven years of age and is now a pupil in the Laurel School, a private institution. The family are associated with St. Paul's Episcopal church and Mr. Rich belongs to the Union, Roadside, Euclid and Mayfield Outing Clubs and is also a member of the Chamber of Commerce. He greatly enjoys outdoor sports and horses, riding to hounds when in England and playing golf over various courses in this country. His variety of recreations keeps him a well balanced man and as travel always does, brings him into touch with the wider range of thought and activities, traveling being in itself a course of broad education. CHARLES FREDERIC LANG. Charles Frederic Lang, lawyer and a member of the law firm of Lang, Cassidy & Copeland, was born in Cleveland, March 27, 1871, his mother's parents being among the pioneer residents of Cleveland, settling here when its population was less than twenty thousand, and the easterly city limits were at East Ninth (formerly Erie) street, Erie street cemetery being considered "way out in the country." Mr. Lang studied law in the offices of the firm of Sherman, Hoyt & Dustin and was admitted to the bar in 1896, standing third in a class of ninety at the bar examination of the first class after the rule requiring three years of study before admission was adopted. Beginning practice in January, 1897, in the offices of Chapman & Howland, two years later he formed a partnership with Hon. James H. Cassidy (member of congress from the twenty-first district of Ohio), which partnership continued until November, 1909, when Mark A. Copeland became associated with them under the firm name of Lang, Cassidy & Copeland. The firm has a large general business, Mr. Lang devoting himself mainly to the office practice, representing the legal interests of a number of coal and mining and manufacturing concerns. Mr. Lang is equally active in business matters, having a voice in the management of a number of local interests. He is now president of The Real Estate Investment Company ; vice president of The Ohio Ceramic Engineering Company, The Greenlund-Kennerdell Company and The McKelvey Machinery Company ; secretary of the American Crude Oil Company ; and secretary and treasurer of The Lake Shore Realty Company, as well as being a director of The George A. Rutherford Company and The Holmes Furnace & Stove Company. Mr. Lang was married June 20, 1900, to Miss Minnie A. Grayell, a daughter of Joseph G. Grayell and a teacher in the Cleveland schools. They hold membership in the Euclid Avenue Baptist church, of which he is a trustee. Mr. Lang is also a member of the Chamber of Commerce and the Cleveland Athletic Club. He is a republican in politics but has never taken any very active part in party affairs. ALFRED M. BONHARD. Alfred M. Bonhard is numbered among the exceptionally successful business men of Cleveland who are materially assisting in maintaining the city's commercial and industrial prestige. He was born in Russia, in July, 1869, a son of Marcus Bonhard, also a native of Russia, and a grandson of Max Bonhard, who was born in Germany and was taken to Russia by his family There HISTORY OF CLEVELAND - 991 they engaged in the manufacture of furniture, being so successful that they located permanently in their new home. Max Bonhard did most artistic work in that line and was engaged as private cabinetmaker to the court of Albertin. Marcus Bonhard followed the same business, and Alfred M. Bonhard is in the fourth generation of furniture-makers in the family. The father of our subject died when the latter was eleven years of age. Reared in Russia, and there educated in the school and seminary at Slonin, Alfred M. Bonhard was trained in the furniture business from his youth. In young manhood he traveled through Russia and other parts of Europe, studying the business of furniture-making. He worked in the best shops abroad, and was in England for six months. Therefore, with a ripened experience, a full knowledge of the business in all its details, and an artistic perception of the beautiful, he came to the United States m 1895 and for two years found ready employment in some of the eastern cities. Upon coming to Cleveland he established a repair shop until he could secure acquaintances and show what he was capable of producing. Gradually from this small beginning he developed his present business and now has one of the best stores in the city. He designs all of his goods which are sold chiefly in the city, although he receives orders for special work from outside parties. He has furnished some of Cleveland's most beautiful homes and is recognized as an authority in his line. His exquisite art furniture has won for him a delightful prestige and he has reaped a very gratifying return for his endeavors. On July 22, 1898, Mr. Bonhard married Rebecca Weberman, of Pennsylvania, and they have two children : Marcus and Florence who are attending school. Mr. Bonhard is a member of the Independent Order of B'nai B'rith. His courtesy, geniality and deference for the opinions of others has made him a valued friend in the social circles in which he moves while his business activities have gained him a wide acquaintance. He takes as much pride in producing an artistic piece of furniture as a painter does in a canvas which is regarded as a masterpiece. His sense of proportion, adaptation and design, as manifest in his productions is most marked and the notable ability which he has displayed well entitles him to the extensive patronage accorded him. CLARENCE CLARENDEN SMYTH. Clarence Clarenden Smyth was the youngest of three sons born to Washington R. Smyth and his wife, Malvina Jenkins Smyth, who were married in Wellsville, Ohio, September 27, 1844. His mother was the daughter of Hon. John M. Jenkins, of Wellsville, Ohio, who was a lawyer and a pioneer resident of Columbiana county and who represented his district in the Ohio legislative senate during four terms. The Smyths were pioneer residents of Beaver county, Pennsylvania. Clarence C. Smyth was born February 2, 1849, at Service, Beaver county, Pennsylvania, and after an academic education in the local schools was graduated from the Eastman Business College of Poughkeepsie, New York, in class No. 680, on the 1st of August, 1873. The following month he located and secured employment at Cleveland, Ohio, and after proving his ability as an accountant was appointed chief clerk of the motive power department of the Big Four Railway System, holding this position for about fifteen years. He was advanced to a higher position in the service of the Erie Railway and was about to enter upon his duties when he was called to the higher life, his demise occurring at Cambridge Springs, Pennsylvania, on the 15th of August, 1892, when he had attained the age of forty- two years. His remains were interred in the Riverside cemetery of Cleveland, Ohio. On the 18th of October, 1877, Mr. Smyth was united in marriage to Miss Helen A. Miller, a daughter of James Madison and Melissa (Delamater) Miller, of 992 - HISTORY OF CLEVELAND Meadville, Pennsylvania, both families being pioneer residents of Crawford county, Pennsylvania. Representatives of the Miller family came from Connecticut to the frontier in the latter part of the seventeenth century. The paternal ancestors of the Delamaters can be traced through history, cyclopedias and accepted genealogical data to an ancient house in Brittany, The Lords of Garlaye. The first known records are of Arthur LeMaitre (now Delamater), Lord of Boiswert in the parish of Aubrey, in the district of Nantes, who was knight chamberlain to John H, Duke of Brittany, between 1286 and 1312, A. D. Members of the family were eminent in state, church and law in France and England. Claude LeMaitre (Delamater), the ancestor of the Delamaters of the new world, was prosecuted and imprisoned with others, at Amiens, in 1588, for being a Protestant. In 1593 John LeMaitre, who was of the family of Claude, was president of the parliament of Paris (see Guizot's History of France, volume 5, pages 52 and 53). Louis Isaac LeMaitre translated the Bible, which caused his imprisonment in the Bastile for two years. He was a defender of the cause of Henry IV and successfully defended the University of Paris against the Jesuits in 1594. He died in 1618 and was esteemed as the greatest lawyer of his time, for which he was highly honored. To Clarence C. Smyth and his wife, Helen Miller Smyth, were born two sons in Cleveland, Ohio, namely : Howard LaVerne, whose birth occurred September 24, 1882 ; and Malcolm Maurice, whose natal day was July 6, 1884. Howard L. Smyth completed the civil engineering course in the Case School of Applied Science in the class of 1906, and in September of the same year married Maude Cooper, of Union City, Pennsylvania, a daughter of E. A. Cooper. Malcolm M. Smyth is a corporation accountant, and both young men manifest sincere interest in their chosen vocations. Clarence C. Smyth was a member of the Masonic fraternity and belonged to the Oriental Commandery of Knight Templars in Cleveland, Ohio. He and his wife were among the first residents of Cleveland to accept Christian Science and were members of the first incorporated church of that faith in 1888. The richest lives are often those reflected upon their own immediate circle, and bless all who are within their touch, and their good works will unfold until the end of time, after they pass on to higher and holier work and nearer to God, who is Love. EDWARD G. BUCKWELL. Cleveland has become the center of pulsing, industrial interests and its ramifying trade relations reach out to all sections of the country. Controlling its important manufacturing and commercial interests are men of keen discrimination with ability to plan and to perform, men who deserve to be termed patrons of industry. To this class belongs Edward G. Buckwell, the secretary of the Cleveland Twist Drill Company. Numbered among the native sons of Tennessee. his birth occurred in the city of Knoxville, September 6, 1858. The family is of English lineage, the paternal grandfather being Edward G. Buckwell, a clock manufacturer of England. His father, George E. Buckwell, also a native of England, came to America about 1832, settling in Philadelphia, where he engaged in the practice of medicine and surgery, becoming widely recognized as a skilled and eminent surgeon. He followed his profession in both Philadelphia and St. Louis and at the time of the Civil war served as a surgeon in the Confederate army, meeting his death in front of Murfreesboro in 1862. His wife, who bore the maiden name of Margaret Bell, Was a daughter of Captain James and Nancy (Stephenson) Bell. The Bell family were natives of Virginia and were among the pioneer residents of Tennessee, settling there in 1820. Captain James Bell served as an officer in the war of 1812 and was prominent among those who became active in formulating the early policy and shaping the destiny of the state of Tennessee. HISTORY OF CLEVELAND - 993 Edward G. Buckwell pursued his education in preparatory schools and in the University of Tennessee but was compelled to abandon his studies in his sophomore year because of his health. At the age of seventeen years he became connected with the hardware business as a clerk and there remained for nine years. In 1884 he went to New York, where he was employed as a traveling salesman with the hardware manufacturing house of Sargent & Company. He filled that position until 1892, when he returned to Knoxville and became a member of the hardware firm of McClung, Buffet & Buckwell, retaining that interest until 1899, when he removed to Cleveland to accept the position of sales manager with the Cleveland Twist Drill Company. Upon the incorporation of the business in 1905 he was elected secretary and has since occupied this position of executive control, his views and plans constituting important factors in the successful management of an enterprise which, because of its proportions and extensive trade relations, is accounted one of the leading industrial concerns of the city. On the 17th of February, 1887, Mr. Buckwell was married to Miss Lucia Augustin, a daughter of John and Emile (Dupree) Augustin, of New Orleans. They now have two children, Hilda and George Dupree, who are with them in a pleasant home at No. 1820 Ninety-seventh street. Mrs. Buckwell is active in church and social work, being especially interested in the Association for the Blind, acting as one of its visiting board and doing much to further the work of that institution. Both Mr. and Mrs. Buckwell hold membership in St. Paul's Episcopal church and he likewise has membership relations with the Union Club and the Chamber of Commerce. The subjective and objective forces of life are in him well balanced, making him cognizant of his own capabilities and powers, while at the same time he thoroughly understands his opportunities and his obligations, utilizing the former and fully meeting the latter. EDWARD BINGHAM ALLEN. Edward Bingham Allen as general manager and secretary of The Adams Bag Company occupies a position as executive head of the oldest concern of the kind in America, the business having been founded in 1858. Mr. Allen was born in Cleveland, October 2, 1878, and is the oldest of the three children of Luther Allen and Julia Bingham Allen. Edward Bingham Allen pursued a preparatory course in the University School of Cleveland and entered Cornell University in 1897, being graduated therefrom with the degree of Bachelor of Arts in 1901. While in college he became a member of the Kappa Alpha society. He also served as business manager of the 1901 Cornellian, and during his junior and senior years, as regimental adjutant in the Cornell Cadet Corps. Following his graduation, Mr. Allen became general contract and right of way agent for The Consolidated Telephone Company of Cleveland, which company operates telephone exchanges and long distance lines through central and southern New York state. Upon the removal of this company's offices to Buffalo in 1902, Mr. Allen resigned this position. He then became secretary of the Cleveland, Painesville & Ashtabula Railroad, then in process of construction, which position he held until 1904, when he was chosen general manager and secretary of The Adams Bag Company. This enterprise was begun in 1858 under the name of Adams, Jewett & Company. It was organized and incorporated in 1898 under the title of The Adams Bag Company. The capital stock was increased from one hundred and fifty thousand dollars to three hundred thousand dollars in August, 1905, at which time the capacity of the plant was doubled. The energies of the company are devoted exclusively to the manufacture of paper from old manila rope, which paper the company makes into bags for packing flour and cement. The company 994 - HISTORY OF CLEVELAND is the pioneer in America in this form of manufacture. The paper mill and factories are located at Chagrin Falls, Ohio, the output of the mill being about three thousand tons of paper, and that of the factories about thirty million bags per annum. While Mr. Allen devotes the major portion of his time to the bag business, he is interested actively in a number of other corporations, being president of The Columbia Fire Clay Company ; president of The Inland Grocer Publishing Company ; vice president of The National Land Company ; and assistant treasurer of The Caxton Building Company. He is also a director of The International Purchasing Company of Boston and of The Phoenix Supplies Company of Rochester, New York. To all of these interests, Mr. Allen brings unfaltering energy and sound judgment, coupled with an excellent executive ability which would be creditable to many a man of more advanced age. In his political views, Mr. Allen is a stalwart republican, taking a general interest in the questions of the day and never neglecting to support his party principles at the polls. He is deeply interested in matters of municipal progress and cooperates heartily in the various movements for municipal advancement instituted by The Cleveland Chamber of Commerce, of which he is a life member. He also holds membership in the Union Club, the Country Club, and the University Club, all of Cleveland, and in the Livingston Club, of Allentown, Pennsylvania. JACOB THEOBALD, SR. Jacob Theobald, Sr., whose ability, energy and enthusiasm have largely been responsible for the development of the flour industry of Cleveland, has won his present position in the the business world through sound and conservative methods. He was born in this city in 1850 and is a son of Jacob Theobald, a native 0f Germany, who came to the United States about 1849 and located immediately in Cleveland. Having been a glazier in Germany, he soon found employment at his trade but died soon after his arrival here, about 1850. His widow, who bore the maiden name of Marie Pfeifer, was born in Germany in 1825 and came to America with her husband, dying in Cleveland in 1905. Mr. Theobald of this review was educated in Cleveland and when a lad began working in a grocery store owned by relatives. Later he embarked in the grocery business for himself and continued in it for fifteen years, when he disposed of his interests and founded the Theobald Flour Company, which is one of the oldest flour jobbing concerns in the city. At first he was interested in the manufacturing of flour, but aften ten years sold out and became connected with the Pillsbury people, being their Cleveland agent, for about twenty years. His territory spread until the company controls Cleveland and adjacent towns and the volume of trade is immense, the results being extremely gratifying. In January, 1910, Mr. Theobald promoted the organization of the Cleveland Milling Company, with a capital of two hundred thousand dollars, of which company he was elected vice president, treasurer and a director. It has taken over the property of the Commercial Milling Company, operating the Herkel Mill; one of the largest producing mills in Ohio. In the future Mr. Theobald's activities will be confined to this new interest, the active management of the Jacob Theobald Flour Company reverting to his sons, Jacob, Jr., and Walter. This arrangement largely increases the company's importance in the commercial life of Cleveland, making them leaders in the flour industry of the city. Mr. Theobald is also interested in the Lorain Street Savings bank, of which he was an incorporator and is now a director, and he is also connected with other concerns of importance. A republican, he has been active HISTORY OF CLEVELAND - 997 in party work and a recognized factor in local affairs. Fraternally he belongs to the Knights of Pythias and the Franklin Avenue Circle. On October 15, 1872, Mr. Theobald married Louise Herbster, who was born in September, 1850, in Germany, but was brought to the United States when an infant. They have two children : Jacob T., vice president of his father's company, married Belle Hall ; and Walter, secretary and treasurer of the above company, married Myrtle Weideman. Mr. Theobald is a man who was optomistic enough to realize the great opportunities offered by the flour business and to profit by them. He has made his house a dominant one and has firmly established it with the trade. He is a member of the Chamber of Commerce and motoring is his chief recreation. ALBERT HENRY FIEBACH. Albert Henry Fiebach was born in Brownhelm, Lorain county, Ohio, August 28, 1876, his parents being Peter and Sarah (Leuszler) Fiebach. The father, a native of Germany, came to America in 1853 and located in Lorain county, where he is still engaged in farming. Mr. Fiebach received his early education in the district schools of his .native county and afterward attended Oberlin Academy, where he prepared for college. In 1895 he became a student in Oberlin College and afterward spent tw0 years in the University of Michigan, returning to Oberlin for his senior work. He was there graduated in 1899 with the Bachelor of Arts degree, after which he matriculated in the Harvard Law School, where he received the degree of Bachelor of Law in June, 1902. In December of the same year he was admitted to the bar and entered upon general practice in Cleveland, where he has since given his attention to the work of the profession. Mr. Fiebach is a member of the Chamber of Commerce and serves on the benevolence committee of that body. He has been active in charitable work, serving as a member of the executive committee of the Legal Aid Society, since its organization and also of the legal committee of the Associated Charities. On the 30th of November, 1905, Mr. Fiebach was married in Shenandoah, Iowa, to Miss Louise June Bogart, a daughter of George Bogart, of that place, and they reside at 10510 Euclid avenue, Cleveland, Ohio. MOSES MONTAGUE HOBART. Moses Montague Hobart, one of Cleveland's most experienced, successful and learned corporation lawyers, whose signal ability has won him enviable reputation in the presentation and conduct of his cases, is a native of Amherst, Massachusetts, born on the 26th of March, 1846. His father, Edmund Hobart died in Amherst, on the 6th of April, 1908. The mother, whose maiden name was Esther Montague, died in the year 1852. The preliminary education of Moses Montague Hobart was acquired in the public schools of his native town and subsequently he pursued his studies in the Williston Seminary, a preparatory school at East Hampton, Massachusetts. In 1868 he matriculated in Amherst College, where he pursued the four years' course and was graduated in 1872. He then attended the Columbia Law School of New York city. At Amherst College he was granted the degree of Master of Arts, while Columbia conferred upon him the LL. B. degree. In July, 1875, he was admitted to the bar in Cleveland on credentials from the Columbia Law School and thus was permitted to practice his profession throughout the state. He was also admitted to the practice of law in the state of Massachusetts. For a little more 998 - HISTORY OF CLEVELAND than a year he followed his profession alone and then formed a partnership with U. H. Birney, who passed away a short time later. In 1887 Mr. Hobart formed a partnership with Richard Bacon under the firm style of Hobart & Bacon, this being maintained until the year 1900, when he associated himself with Lindey Fogg under the firm style of Hobart & Fogg. For four years they were together in the conduct of important litigated interests and since that time Mr. Hobart has been alone. In 1882 Mr. Hobart was united in marriage to Miss Elizabeth Peckham, a native of Connecticut, and to them were born two children : Marion Montague, who is the wife of Wilbur Dunham, a resident of Columbus, Ohio ; and Harold Peckham, who was born August 22, 1888. Having completed a course of study in the University School he is now attending Yale College. Mr. Hobart is a thirty-second degree Mason and a member of the Mystic Shrine and at one time was president of the Masonic Club. He is also a member of the Union and Euclid Clubs. He is a republican m politics and during his earlier years was very active in the affairs of the party, having also taken quite an interest in municipal matters. He served as city prosecutor for several years and also on the board of education, and in 1880 was supervisor of the census for the sixth district, having jurisdiction over ten counties in northern Ohio. In 1888 he was chosen president of the city council and his official prerogatives constituted a salient force in the promotion of municipal interests that were wrought through that avenue. He is a member of the Calvary Presbyterian church and his life in its entirety has been one of great usefulness and honor, proving of signal service to the community in his advocacy of the projects and movements for the benefit of the city at large and in his support of all those interests which work for individual advancement. While his success has given him leisure for the enjoyment of travel and other interests which are a source of pleasure and intellectual stimulus to him, his ability in his profession, and especially in the department of corporation law, is such that the city and his fellow members of the legal fraternity greatly desire his return to active practice. ALONZO MITCHELL SNYDER. Alonzo Mitchell Snyder, attorney at law of the firm of Ford, Snyder & Tilden, who though engaged in general practice are making a specialty of corporation law, was born in Morrow county, Ohio, July 23, 1865. The family is of German lineage and was established in America by his grandfather, Michael Snyder, who was born at Darmstadt, Germany, and on coming to the United States settled in Pennsylvania, where he spent a few years. He then removed to Ohio, taking up his abode on a farm near Mansfield. His son, George Snyder, the father of Alonzo M. Snyder, was born in Washington, Pennsylvania, February 9, 1835, and is now living in Galion, Ohio. When a young man, however, he removed from the Keystone state to Mansfield, Ohio, afterward becoming a resident of Galion. He had been locally prominent in political circles, serving as a member of the board of education and as a member of the city council of Galion, while at the present time he is a member of the board of tax review. His political allegiance is given to the republican party and his elections have indicated his personal popularity and the confidence reposed in him, for he lives in a democratic city. His business connection has been along mercantile and financial lines. He is very active in Masonic circles, in which he has attained the thirty-second degree of the Scottish Rite. He married Harriet Mitchell, who was born in Morrow county, Ohio, January , 1840, and they became the parents of three sons, the brothers of our subject being: Frank J., who is engaged in the grocery business in Galion, Ohio, and is also president of the county board of HISTORY OF CLEVELAND - 999 elections ; and Charles A., who is connected with the auditing department of a big steel manufacturing plant at Greensburg, Pennsylvania. Alonzo M. Snyder pursued his education in the Galion public schools, completing the course by graduation from the high school with the class of 1880. In Kenyon College he won his Bachelor of Arts degree as an alumnus of 1885 and also first honors, standing highest in a class of seventy, and in 1887 he completed the course in the Cincinnati Law School, at which time the Bachelor of Law degree was conferred upon him. He began practice in Galion and for a time was alone but afterward became a partner of Sylvester Price under the firm style of Price & Snyder. This was maintained until January, 1888, when his health failed and he went to California, there remaining until May, 1899. He then returned to Ohio and in October of the same year came to Cleveland. Here he entered into partnership with Harry L. Vail as a member of the firm of Vail & Snyder and so continued until 1891, when he became associated with the firm of Squire Sanders & Dempsey. On the 1st of January, 1900, he became a partner in the firm of Ford, Snyder, Henry & McGraw, which relation was maintained for about five years, when Mr. McGraw withdrew and Mr. Henry went upon the circuit.bench in 1905. The partnership was then maintained as Ford & Snyder until 1906, when they were joined by Judge Tilden, who had recently retired from the bench, forming the present law firm of Ford, Snyder & Tilden. While they engage in general practice their specialty is corporation law and they number among their clients many prominent business firms and houses of the city. Mr. Snyder was married to Clara Brightman, a daughter of Latham Brightman. His son, Gaylord Kenyon, is now attending Stanford University. Mr. Snyder is a republican in his political views and an Episcopalian in religious faith. He belongs to the Beta Theta Pi Greek letter society and to the Theta Nu Upsilon sophomore society in college. His social relations with Cleveland are represented in his connection with the Union, University and Colonial Clubs, and he is a member 0f the Chamber of Commerce. For twenty years he has practiced at the bar of this city and is no less esteemed for his professional success and prominence than for his social qualities, which win for him a constantly broadening circle of friends. CHARLES EDWARD BINGHAM. The life record of Charles Edward Bingham covered only thirty-six years. He was born in Cleveland, August 26, 1845, and here passed away September 25, 1881. Though more than a quarter of a century has since come and gone, he is yet remembered by many of the friends of his boyhood and early manhood who appreciated his good qualities, recognized his forcefulness in business and knew him as a loyal friend and devoted husband and father. A descendant of New England ancestry, his father, Elijah Bingham, was born in New Hampshire, February 24, 1800, and in 1835 arrived in the little city of Cleveland with his wife, Mrs. Thankful Bingham, who was born in June, 1805, and was owner of the first Chickering piano in the state of Ohio. She was a lady of superior culture and her musical talent did much to promote a love of the art in the little city. The family numbered seven children : Ellen H., Samuel, Frances W., Truman Elijah, Mary Emily, James H. and Charles Edward. The last named was reared in Cleveland and pursued his education in the schools here. Throughout his business career he was connected with the iron trade, handling pig iron and iron ore, and became an important factor in promoting this industry, which has been one of the foremost in advancing the commercial activity and consequent prosperity of Cleveland and northern Ohio. He always closely studied the processes of the trade, was watchful of every indication pointing to success and became conversant with every detail of the business so that he knew how to best combine his forces to produce maximum results. There