150 - CLEVELAND AND ITS ENVIRONS Johnson, who arrived in Cleveland March 10, 1809, and for years was one of the foremost figures of the city. Concerning his activities other pages of this publication furnish a record. Some of Cleveland's most valuable real estate belongs to the Johnson family, and Levi A. Johnson's chief work since leaving college has been in handling this estate. He was born at Cleveland September 1, 1873, a son of the late Philander Levi Johnson, who was born in Cleveland on Superior Avenue, where the Rockefeller Building now stands, and, as told on other pages, was actively identified with the Great Lakes transportation and with Cleveland real estate. His widow, Sarah (Clarke) Johnson, is still living, and is the nominal president of The Johnson Realty Company. Levi A. Johnson has traced out in the family record the names of five Levis, including his own son, now four years of age. After the first of the name, who served as a soldier in the Revolutionary war, there came Capt. Levi Johnson, the Cleveland pioneer. His father, as above noted, bore the name Philander Levi, and Levi A. and his son make up the five. Levi Arthur Johnson was educated in the Cleveland public schools, Phillips Academy at Andover, Massachusetts, and graduated Ph. B. with the class of 1895 from the Sheffield Scientific School of Yale University. On leaving college he returned to Cleveland and has since that time managed the estate of his father, which has been incorporated as The Johnson Realty Company. Mr. Johnson is secretary and treasurer of the company, with his mother as president. Through this company he has put on the market eight allotments since 1912. The first was the Woodhill Subdivision, and in 1913 the Shaker View allotment, and after that six others followed. Mr. Johnson is also a director of The Wood & Spencer Company. He is a member of the Union Club, Country Club, Cleveland Real Estate Board, is a democratic voter, a member of the Episcopal Church, and the Delta Psi Fraternity of Yale University. His hobby is fishing, and every summer he spends along some of his favorite streams in Canada. October 24, 1911, he married Margaret Taylor Dodge, of Cleveland. Mrs. Johnson is a granddaughter of Virgil C. Taylor, one of Cleveland's eminent men. She was born and educated in Cleveland, a graduate of Miss Mittleberger's private school, and has sustained a very active part in social and philanthropic affairs. She is a member of the Cleve land Automoble Club, active in Red Cross work and the Maternity Hospital, and is a member of the Woman's Club and the Daughters of the American Revolution. Their one child, Levi Clarke Johnson, was born at Cleveland January 29, 1913. ELBERT H. BAKER, president and general manager of The Cleveland Plain Dealer Publishing Company, has had forty years of active newspaper life in Cleveland. He is one of the veterans of the profession and is also widely known as a citizen and business man. He was born at Norwalk, Ohio, July 25, 1854, son of Henry and Clara (Hall) Baker. He began life with a public school education. In 1877 Mr. Baker became connected with the Cleveland Herald as bookkeeper and later as advertising manager. In 1882 he became advertising manager of the Cleveland Leader and was for ten years a member of its board of directors. He continued in active charge of the advertising department of the Leader until 1897. In 1898 he became associated with the Cleveland Plain Dealer as general manager, on the death of Liberty E. Holden. In 1913 Mr. Baker was elected president of the Plain Dealer Publishing Company. Mr. Baker is a member of the board of directors of the Associated Press and of the American Newspaper Publishers Association, serving as president of the latter association in 1912-14. Mr. Baker has exemplified much of the stalwart public spirit which has characterized Cleveland citizenship and made it first among Ohio cities. Ile is chairman of the Board of Trustees of the Euclid Avenue Congregational Church, and a trustee of the Cleveland Young Men's Christian Association. He is a member of the Western Reserve Chapter of the Sons of the American Revolution and the Cleveland Chamber of Commerce. He has membership in various clubs including the Union Club, Cleveland Athletic Club, Chagrin Valley Hunt Club. Mr. Baker and his family reside at Gates Mill, Ohio. He was married June 1, 1876, to Miss Ida A. Smith of Cleveland. They have reason to be proud of their children. The eldest, Louise Hall, is now Mrs. Benjamin Hastings of Cleveland. Mrs. Hastings is a graduate of the Woman's College of Cleveland with the class of 1901. Frank Smith Baker, who graduated from Adelbert College of Cleveland in 1902, is now publisher of the Tribune at Tacoma, Washington. El. bert II., Jr., who was a student at Cornell CLEVELAND AND ITS ENVIRONS - 151 University for three years, is the efficiency engineer of the St. Paul and Tacoma Lumber Company with residence and office at Tacoma, Washington. Alton Fletcher Baker, was graduated from Cornell University with the class of 1917 and is now serving at the front in France as a first lieutenant in the Automobile Convoy. WILLIAM JOHN SHAW. Among the men whose legal talent and professional achievements reflected honor on the Cleveland bar, was the late William John Shaw, whose practice at Cleveland covered over a decade and whose activity in politics brought about many civic reforms. He was born at Greenspring, Sandusky County, Ohio, April 10, 1873, and was the eldest son of William and Maria (Flynn) Shaw, highly respected residents of Greenspring. The father of Mr. Shaw was born in 1848, in Sandusky County, and the mother was born in Ireland but was reared at St. Louis, Missouri. They reared a family of five children, four sons and one daughter. The first break in the family came with the death of William John Shaw on July 29, 1915. William J. Shaw attended the public schools and had academic advantages in Greenspring, after which he went to Fremont, Ohio, and still later came to Cleveland and as a student entered the law department of the Western Reserve University, from which he was graduated three years later, in June, 1898, with the degree of B. L. Prior to entering the university and while residing at Fremont he had been a law student in the office of Hon. George Kinney, the present mayor of that city. When he first entered into practice it was in partnership with R. R. Rule, who is an attorney at Fremont at the present time, and they remained together for two years, the title of the firm being Rule & Shaw. Mr. Shaw was then connected with the legal department of the Erie Railroad, following which he entered into a law partnership with his brother, George Wheeler Shaw, a well known attorney and substantial business man of Cleveland. This association lasted for about ten years and was severed by the death of Mr. Shaw. He was highly regarded in the profession and by the public and had the reputation of being capable, conscientious and conservative. Many cases of importance were won by the firm because of his clear understanding of the law and his lucid demonstration when before judge and jury. Mr. Shaw was a republican in politics and he became quite active in local affairs. In 1912 he was elected a member of the City Council from the Nineteenth Ward and served two years with extreme efficiency because he was a man of sterling honor, and before his term had expired was appointed a member of the board of review and still later was appointed to membership on the county tax board of complaints. While acting as a member of the board of review he displayed his fearlessness when he believed himself in the right by his opposition to placing the Rockefeller personal property on the Cuyahoga County tax duplicate. Mr. Shaw married Miss Bertha Severin, of Cleveland. She survives with their two daughters, Elizabeth and Ruth, both of whom were born in Cleveland. Mr. Shaw was a member of the Cleveland Bar Association. He belonged also to Brenton D. Babcock Lodge, Free and Accepted Masons, No. 600, at Cleveland, and to the Knights of Pythias lodge at Greenspring, Ohio. He was a man of the highest personal character and his professional honor was ever untarnished. GEORGE WHEELER SHAW. One of the able members of the Cleveland bar is George Wheeler Shaw, who has been in continuous practice in this city for seventeen years, for ten years being associated with his brother, the late William J. Shaw, under the firm name of W. J. & G. W. Shaw. Mr. Shaw is a man of strong intellectual endowment and is a thorough master of his profession. He is a native of Ohio and was born at Greenspring in Sandusky County, January 18, 1877. His parents are William and Maria (Flynn) Shaw, who reside at Greenspring, Ohio. Mr. Shaw may be said to be a combination of several distinct nationalities, as his mother is of Irish extraction combined with English, and his father of Scotch and Irish. William Shaw was born in Sandusky County, Ohio, in 1.848. His grandfather was a Presbyterian minister in Scotland. When the excitement aroused by the precipitation of the Civil war spread over every part of Sandusky County, work on the home farm became dull and tiresome to William Shaw and, although only fourteen years of age, he decided for himself that he would make a good soldier and enlisted, and before his mother was able to reach the recruiting station and interfere he had proceeded to Cincinnati, Ohio. Although he accompanied her home, the spirit of adventure had taken root and again he ran away 152 - CLEVELAND AND ITS ENVIRONS from home and made his way to St. Louis, Missouri. In the course of time he returned to the comforts of home without persuasion and for some time afterward occupied his time in selling spokes and hubs in Cleveland and vicinity. He also assisted in building railroad bridges for the Nickel Plate and other systems, but his main occupation in life has been farming. He married Maria Flynn, who was born in Ireland but was reared at St. Louis, Missouri, and five children have been born to them, four sons and one daughter. The sons are : William John, who died at Cleveland, July 29, 1915; George Wheeler; Thomas P., who is assistant law librarian of the Cleveland Law Library; Allen J., who is a resident of Cleveland. George Wheeler Shaw attended the public schools of Greenspring, Ohio, being graduated from the high school in the class of 1891, and three years later was graduated from Green-spring Academy, following which he entered Adelbert College and was graduated in 1898 with the degree of A. B. All this was preparatory to a full law course in the law department of the Western Reserve University, from which he was graduated in 1900 with the degree of B. L. Mr. Shaw was admitted to the bar of Ohio in June, 1900, and entered upon practice in Cleveland in association with his brother, the late William John Shaw, who was prominent in the law and also in political life at Cleveland. This business and fraternal association continued until the death of the older partner. For ten years the firm handled some very important litigation and notable cases. Mr. Shaw at present confines himself mainly to an office practice, being retained by several corporations, and is also attorney for a number of lesser companies and organizations. He has additional interests, 'being president and secretary of the Franklin Oil and Gas Company, an Ohio corporation with plant at Bedford, Ohio, and is secretary of the Metalene Chemical Company, of Cleveland. He is a member of the Masonic Order, the Knights Templar and Al Koran Temple, Ancient Arabic Order Nobles Mystic Shrine, and a member of the Chamber of Commerce. Mr. Shaw was married April 16, 1902, to Miss Edith M. Clarke, who is a daughter of George H. and Clara (Mueller) Clarke, the former of whom is deceased. Mrs. Shaw was born at Springfield, Ohio, but was reared and educated at Cleveland and is a graduate of the Central High School. Mr. and Mrs. Shaw have two children, Wade and Edith, both of whom were born in this city. Mr. Shaw is one of the conscientious men of his profession and gives his clients the best that is in him. He and his family reside at Shaker Village. ALFRED BURNS SMYTHE, president of The A. B. Smythe Company, real estate and insurance, has been an active figure in local real estate circles practically since he left college. While personally responsible for tilt splendid position his company now enjoys in business circles, Mr. Smythe is a man of varied interests, was at one time a professional baseball player, and has long been prominent in musical and philanthropic affairs in this city. He was born at Nevada, Ohio, August 4, 1874, and has some very substantial family associations, all Scotch-Irish. His paternal grandfather, William Smythe, was born in Washington County, Pennsylvania, in 1807 and died at Holton, Kansas. His wife, Mary (Story) Smythe, was born in Ohio in 1808. Marcus M. Smythe, father of Alfred B., was born in Jefferson County, Ohio, in 1837. He married Mary Comfort Burns, who was born in Mansfield, Ohio, in 1846. Her grandfather was an own cousin of the great poet Robert Burns. Her father, Rev. John Burns, was graduated with the degree Master of Arts from Kenyon College in 1856, and for a number of years was principal of the Milford Academy. Marcus M. Smythe and wife had three daughters and one son. The daughters are Mrs. Josiah Catrow of Germantown, Ohio; Mrs. E. V. Wells of Cleveland, and Mary Alice Smythe of Berkeley, California. As a boy Alfred B. Smythe attended public schools in his native town, took a course in the Ohio Business College at Mansfield, and spent four years teaching in country districts. In 1898 he was elected principal of the high school at Nevada, but soon resigned to enter Oberlin College as a member of the class of 1902. He was in Oberlin until he completed three years of work and left college to take up the real estate business in Cleveland. His early successes as a real estate man attracted such attention that his services were secured by The Cleveland Trust Company, to organize and manage its realty department. He filled that position until August 1, 1914, gathering thereby a broad experience and widening his acquaintance throughout the city, at which time he resigned to resume business for himself. Today The A. B. Smythe CLEVELAND AND ITS ENVIRONS - 153 Company is one of the best known real estate firms in Northern Ohio. Its main office is in the Erie Building. Mr. Smythe is also president of the following: President and treasurer of The Smythe Building Company ; president of The Glengariff Realty Company; president and treasurer of The Crucible Steel Forge Co. ; president of The Loop Realty Company ; president of The Land Security Company ; vice president of the Bankers Guaranteed Mortgage Co., and director in the following companies : National Mortgage Company, Builders Investment Company, The Shore Acres Land Company, Colonial Savings & Loan Company. While at Oberlin Mr. Smythe was the star pitcher on the baseball team. He and his teammates had the distinction of winning the championship of Ohio Colleges in 1898 and 1899. His work as a pitcher was of such character as to attract the notice of Jimmy McAleer, at that time manager of the Cleveland Baseball Club, and in 1900, while still in college, as the result of a favorable proposition made him, Mr. Smythe signed up with the Cleveland Baseball Club for a year. Thus it was professional ball that really first brought him to Cleveland. Mr. Smythe is gifted with musical talent and fortunately had thorough training during his early youth. For three years he was . a member of the Oberlin College Glee Club Quartet, for six years was director of the Adelbert Glee Club, for two years was with the Shubert Quartet, and three years was tenor soloist of the Pilgrim Church Quartet. Another four years he was director and tenor soloist of the Windermere Presbyterian. Church. Another prominent interest has attracted him into settlement work. At one time he had charge- of the music at Goodrich House and also at Alta House, and for one year was a director of the Glee Club of the Y. M. C. A. Mr. Smythe is a member of the Cleveland Real Estate Board, the Cleveland Chamber of Commerce, Lakewood Chamber of Commerce and National Chamber of Commerce. Socially he belongs to the Hermit Club, the Clifton Club, Union Club, Castalia Trout Club, and the Old Colony Club. Mr. Smythe and his family are members of the Lakewood Congregational Church, of which Mr. Smythe is one of the trustees. November 13, 1902, he married Miss Catherine Loomis of Oil City, Pennsylvania, daughter of Charles and Ida E. Loomis. Her father, a native of northwestern Pennsylvania,, was secretary and treasurer of the Oil City Trust Company until his death. Her mother is a native of Milwaukee, Wisconsin. Mr. and Mrs. Smythe have two sons, Charles Loomis Smythe, born October 23, 1903, and Marcus Loomis Smythe, born March 12, 1905. Mr. Smythe and family reside in Clifton Park, Lakewood. GEORGE W. VOCKE has for many years been engaged in the drug business in and around Cleveland, but is now giving his time and attention to his duties as a justice of the peace of Cuyahoga County, with office in the Society for Savings Building. Mr. Vocke was born at Cleveland December 4, 1884, the oldest of three children of Dr. George A. and Lillie (Zantiny) Vocke. His parents are both now deceased, and were members of old and respected families on the west side of Cleveland. Of the three children one of the daughters died in infancy and the other is Eda, Mrs. A. E. Batt, of Cleveland. Judge Vocke attended Kenyon Military Academy for three and a half years, but left on account of illness and afterwards attended the Cleveland School of Pharmacy for two years. When only ten years of age he had begun working in a drug store and in his uncle's store at the corner of Dunham and Lexington, or 66th and Lexington as it is now called, and acquired a thorough knowledge of the business and became a registered pharmacist. His uncle was W. G. Zantiny. All his relatives on his father's side were physicians and all on his mother's side. were druggists. In 1902 Mr. Vocke bought out his uncle's business, which had been run under the name W. G. Zantiny, and for two years he conducted it under the name the Dunham Avenue Pharmacy. " In 1904 he sold the business to J. B. Ganssert, who still has the store at that location. Mr. Vocke then started a new store at Independence, Ohio, under his own name. In 1906 he removed it to Newburg Heights, but its present location is 4516 East 71st Street, Cleveland. On September 8, 1908, Mr. Vocke was appointed postmaster of Willow Inn, Newburg Heights, by President Roosevelt, and he continued in that office until he resigned as postmaster October 1, 1914, and at the same time sold out his drug business. The office has since been taken into the city and has free delivery. Mr. Vocke was the youngest postmaster in Ohio at the time of his appointment. On June 13, 1908, he was also appointed 154 - CLEVELAND AND ITS ENVIRONS justice of the peace by the Council of Newburg Heights and subsequently was elected on the republican ticket for two terms. When he left Newburg Heights in August, 1915, he resigned as justice of the peace and was at once appointed to the same office by the Brooklyn Heights Council. On September 1, 1916, he was appointed police judge of Brooklyn Heights by Mayor H. H. Richardson of that town. He is still police judge and is also a justice of the peace for the county. In January, 1916, he opened an office to handle his court jurisdiction in the Society for Savings Building. Mr. Vocke sold his drug business in Newburg Heights to C. R . Phillips. He finally gave up the drug business because he was tired of it, and has preferred some other line rather than the one in which his family has been so long engaged. On May 21, 1913, he married Helen G. Romick of Wooster, Ohio. She was born and educated at Wooster, having attended Wooster University and Oberlin Conservatory of Music. She is a member of the Musical and Women's and Mothers' clubs of Brooklyn Heights. HENRY APTHORP, who has long been active in the business affairs of Cleveland and whose various public services are well known, was generously endowed at birth with that talent which has been dominant in all the great characters of history—a genius for organizing and directing both material resources and the actions and work of men. Mr. Apthorp has never gotten out of touch with the common interests of mankind. As a young man he earned his living working on a farm, and the viewpoints and aspirations of those who meet the duties of life with courage, industry and sympathy, whether with their hands or with their minds, are thoroughly appreciated by him. Henry Apthorp was born at Mayfield in Cuyahoga County, Ohio, February 9, 1841, and is a son of William and Chloe (Howard) Apthorp. His father was born at Hinsdale, Massachusetts, in 1809, while his mother was a native of Stockbridge, in the same state, and born in 1808. In 1836 the parents came to the West and located on a farm at Mayfield, Ohio, and the father was a contented and diligent agriculturist of Cuyahoga County, was prosperous in a moderate measure, and passed his last years at Nottingham, Ohio, where he died in 1880, the mother surviving him until the year 1898. A farmer boy, Henry Apthorp attended the district schools of Mayfield, and later went to the Mayfield Academy and subsequently to the Geauga Seminary. The greater part of his employment up to the time that he was twenty-two years of age was found in farming, although at one time he was also employed as a hand in a sawmill. While working in this latter capacity he assisted in sawing some of the lumber for the building of the Kennard House, Cleveland, and drove the team which hauled a portion of it from the mill. On. leaving the farm he worked as a lineman and foreman for the Western Union Telegraph Company and the Lake Shore & Michigan Central Railway Company, and built many miles of telegraph lines, and after that his interests developed rapidly, and for the past forty years Mr. Apthorp has filled many posts of responsibility and trust and has done much constructive and creative work. From 1876 to 1880 Mr. Apthorp was associate editor of the Democratic Standard, at Ashtabula, Ohio, which city was his home from 1866 to 1911. In 1891 he became managing editor of the Columbus Post, at Columbus, Ohio. From 1887 to 1909 he was special agent for the Lake Shore & Michigan Soutern Railway Company, in matters of legislation, and while acting in this capacity in 1892 was largely instrumental, in association with John Newell, then president of the Lake Shore & Michigan Southern, in securing the passage of the first statute providing for the eliminating of grade crossings. Throughout his career he has been known as a man thoroughly fearless in the expression of his opinions. He has had long and varied experience, and this has enabled him to judge accurately as to the merits of different questions which have come before him for judgment and action. His newspaper experience has helped him in other fields, and he has a most forcible and convincing literary style. In 1892 Mr. Apthorp wrote and published a pamphlet arguing against the proposed 2-cent-a-mile railroad fare in Ohio, of which over 100,000 copies were sold in Ohio and neighboring states. In 1899 there appear a tract under his signature in the defense of the trusts, and the copyright of this was purchased of Mr. Apthorp by the late United State Senator Mark A. Hanna, to be used by the press and public speakers during the presidential campaign. He was also the author in 1903, of an article that had a wide circulation and was directed against the heresy of socialism. Mr. Apthorp's courage was shown CLEVELAND AND ITS ENVIRONS - 155 in the fact that this pamphlet, or the greater part of it, was addressed to the regular Sunday afternoon meeting of the socialists at Army and Navy Hall, Cleveland, April 12, 1903, despite the fact that it was a bitter arraignment of socialism, and a convincing, logical argument that was greatly detrimental to the cause and interests of that party. Mr. Apthorp has long been a vigorous element in Ohio politics. He served two terms as a member of the Ashtabula City Council, in 1872-73 and again in 1883-84. From 1885 to 1887 he was railroad commissioner of Ohio, from 1893 to 1889 was a member of the board of managers of the Ohio State Penitentiary, and from 1897 to 1900 of the Ohio State Reformatory. For a number of years his business interests have been largely centered in Cleveland and he now maintains his offices in the East Ohio Gas Building. RAYMOND T. CRAGIN. Only the possession of an extraordinary faculty and business judgment could have placed Raymond T. Cragin so far along in the business world as his thirtieth year finds him. Mr. Cragin has been active in real estate circles in Cleveland since he left school. When only twenty-four years of age he began speaking before committees and assemblages of real estate men and his solid achievements in that field constitute a more than ordinary distinction. Mr. Cragin was the first man in Cleveland to specialize in handling acreage city property on the wholesale plan, acting as a broker between the owners and real estate dealers for the development of such property. He is now a man of many varied interests. His real estate offices are in the Williamson Building. He is also secretary and director of the Manufacturers Realty Company, secretary and director of the Harbor View Company, vice president of the Settlement Property Company, vice president of the Triskett Property Company, president and treasurer of the Cragin Land Company, assistant secretary of the West Coast Iron Company of Cleveland and San Francisco, assistant secretary of the Home Building Company ; president of the McLaughlin Realty Company; president of. the Buckeye Home & Building Company and vice president and treasurer of the Semiole Realty Company. His family have long been identified with Cleveland, but he was born in Seattle, Washington, March 29, 1888, where his parents had their home for a number of years. He is a son of True L. and Rena Belle (Mix) Cragin. His father was born in Lorain County, Ohio, where the Cragins at one time owned a large amount of land. The mother was born at Chagrin Falls in Cuyahoga County. They were married in the First Methodist Episcopal. Church of Cleveland. True L. Cragin was one of the early hardware merchants at Seattle, Washington, and was in active business when that city was a village. He resided in Seattle about eight years. His death occurred while spending the summer at Catawba Island, Ohio, August 7, 1895. The widowed mother is still living in Cleveland. The family consisted of two sons, Raymond T. and Laurence L. The latter graduated from the Western Reserve University in 1917 and is now associated with his brother in the real estate business. Raymond T. Cragin attended the Cleveland public schools, graduating from the Central High School with the class of 1907. He soon afterward entered the office of Daniel R. Taylor, a pioneer real estate man of Cleveland, and was with him until 1913, when he engaged in business for himself. Mr. Cragin is a member of the Board of Governors of the Ohio Association of Real Estate Boards, and was formerly its vice president. He is also a member of the Cleveland. Real Estate Board and the Ohio State Association of Real Estate Boards, and the National Housing Association. Before its merger with the Ohio State University he was a trustee of the Cleveland Polte Medical College of Cleveland. In politics he is a republican and is a member of the Union Club, Cleveland. Athletic Club, City Club, Civic League, Cleveland Automobile Club, Cleveland Chamber of Commerce, and Old Colony Club. LOUIS JOHN ESTY began the practice of law at Cleveland in 1901. The first important step in his advancement came with his appointment as attorney for the Savings and Trust Company, now the Citizens Savings & Trust Company. The legal affairs of this bank required practically his entire attention until January 1, 1909. At that date he became associated with F. C. McMillin and C. W. Pattison, under the firm name of McMillin, Esty & Pattison. He was later with Horr & Lewenthal, but Mr. Horr died in April, 1917, and the firm then became Lewenthal & Esty. This is one of the most substantial titles in the directory of the Cleveland bar. The firm's offices are in the Williamson Building. Mr. Esty has been called upon to give his ability in the 156 - CLEVELAND AND ITS ENVIRONS solution of many legal and business problems and he has to a large degree realized the success he started out to acquire when a young man. Among other interests he is vice president and treasurer of the Cleveland Realization Company, a corporation formed by N. T. Horr and himself in April, 1912. This was the pioneer company formed for the purchase of second mortgages, which has been a material aid to real estate operations. Mr. Esty was born in, Cleveland, April 12, 1877, and represents family of honored activity in Ohio and with a good American ancestry. Mr. Esty owns the sword which his great-grandfather carried in the battle of Lundy's Lane during the War of 1812, and some of his ancestors also fought as Revolutionary soldiers. His grandfather, Ezra B. Esty, who was born in Ohio in 1826 and died September 19, 1903, grew up at Hiram Rapids and in 1868 removed to Cleveland. For many years Ezra B. Esty had charge of the sales department of the old Peerless mowers and reapers, and afterwards was a special agent for the Equitable Life Assurance Association. The last twenty-five years he lived retired. He was a republican but never sought a political office. He was a Knight Templar Mason and a man of splendid social qualities as well as business ability. Louis J. Esty is a son of John B. and Carrie E. (Griffin) Esty. In the maternal line he is also of old American and English stock. The Griffins were of New York. His mother, Carrie E. Griffin, was born at Ravenna, Ohio, and her father, Alexander Buell Griffin, was born in New York State September 18, 1819. His parents were Richard C. and Ann C. (Buell) Griffin. In the Buell line the ancestry goes back in England to a Lord Mayor of London and the record in direct line runs back to the twelfth or thirteenth century. One of Mr. Esty's great-grandfathers in the maternal line was Auren Stowe, a man of considerable prominence in the early days of Ohio. Some documents now in the possession of Mr. Esty are signed by Return J. Meigs, postmaster general of the United States, and President Thomas Jefferson, commissioning Auren Stowe to carry the mail over the route between Cleveland and other points. Alexander B. Griffin, the maternal grandfather, was for many years a prominent factor in business enterprise at Ravenna. He was owner of the Ravenna Hub and Felloe works, one of the leading manufacturing establishments of that city. For two terms he was mayor of Ra venna, was clerk of courts, a member of the city council and a man of such character and ability as could dignify every public position. His death occurred in 1901. Louis John Esty was two years old when his father died. His father was for some years identified with the iron industry as secretary Of the Cleveland Iron, Steel & Nail Company. That business is still continued, though under another name. After his father's death Louis J. Esty grew up in the home of his grandparents in Ravenna. He acquired a liberal education, graduating bachelor of science from.Ohio Western University in 1899 and LL.B. from Western Reserve University in 1901. Mr. Esty is a republican, a member of the Methodist Episcopal Church, is a Knight Templar Mason and has had an active membershinp in the Masonic Club, the Cleveland Gun Club, the East End Tennis Club, the Cleveland Athletic Association, and the Shaker Heights Country Club. On May 15, 1902, he married Miss Grace L. Davis, daughter of Edward L. and Emma L. (Davis) Davis, of Garrettsville, and their daughter, Janet L., was born February 22, 1914. Mr. and Mrs. Esty's son, Roger E., was born January 26, 1905. STARR CADWALLADER, a resident of Cleveland since 1896, has been long known to the people of the city as a prominent social settlement worker and leader in educational and other civic movements. Some of the institutions by which Cleveland expresses its social service and moral power have had and still have the active co-operation of Mr. Cadwallader. In a business way he is member of the firm Green-Cadwallader-Long, Real Estate Investments, with offices in the Marshall Building. This firm acts as sales agent for the Van Sweringen Company in their Shaker Heights suburban property and the firm now gives its exclusive time and energies to this field. Mr. Cadwallader was born in Howard, New York, June 11, 1869, a son of Joseph Shepard and Ann E. (Starr) Cadwallader. His parents spent their lives in New York State, his father being a farmer and mechanic by occupation. Mr. Cadwallader was the older of the two children, his sister Grace living in Springfield, Missouri. He was liberally educated, attending preparatory schools and Utica Academy in his native state, and graduating A. B. from Hamilton College with the class of 1893. He CLEVELAND AND ITS ENVIRONS - 157 also took post-graduate work for several years and in 1896 received the degree of A. M. Mr. Cadwallader is a pioneer in the Young Men's Christian Association and other institutional religious movements, and was connected with the Young Men's Christian Association actively in 1887, 1888 and 1890. From 1892 to 1895 he was a teacher in private schools. He came to Cleveland in 1896 to act as head worker of the Goodrich Social Settlement and gave all his time to this institution until 1903. In that year he became a trustee and since 1906 has been secretary of the settlement. During 1902-05 Mr. Cadwallader was school director of Cleveland and from 1905 to 1908 was secretary of the board of trustees of the Cleveland School of Art and from 1908 to 1910 was superintendent of the Department of Health, now called the Health Commission. He has organized several social service undertakings and is now a member of the executive committee of the Cleveland Associated Charities. Mr. Cadwallader entered the real estate business in 1910 as a member of the firm Green-Cadwallader-Long. The senior member of this firm died June 9, 1916, but the old name is still retained. Mr. Cadwallader's active associate is Theodore T. Long. The vast workings and enterprise of the Van Sweringen Company of Cleveland are described on other pages of this publication. Their Shaker Heights village property is a Cleveland suburb known to every resident and one of the most modern suburban towns of the United States. The entire property has been developed as a restricted exclusively residential town and the most modern ideas of town planning and home environment have been carefully worked out and introduced. The village is six miles east of the Public Square of Cleveland, but within fifteen minutes' ride and is a section of high class homes from which every undesirable feature and element have been carefully excluded. Mr. Cadwallader's own residence is in the Shaker Heights Village and in 1916 he was elected a member of its village board of education to serve the four year term until 1919. He is now chairman of the building committee. A model grammar school has. already been erected in the village and a new high school is in course of construction and will be finished by September, 1918. Mr. Cadwallader is actively interested in various civic organizations in the village, but still finds time to serve in the larger program of social and educational interests. He was a member of the board of trustees of the Kent State Normal School until he was appointed a member of the State Board of Administration, during 19131915. Politically he is a democrat, and has membership in the Cleveland Chamber of Commerce, the City Club, the Cleveland Automobile Club, the University Club, the Shaker Heights Country Club, the Columbus Athletic Club of Columbus, the Alpha Delta Phi and the Phi Beta Kappa. Mr. Cadwallader is a lover of hooks and literature and for all his engrossing business activities finds time to write occasionally for magazines and other publications. On July 30, 1896, at Utica, New York, he married Harriet E. Gomph, daughter of J. and Margaret (Baker) Gomph, who are still living at Utica. Mrs. Cadwallader was born and received her education in that city. They have two children, Elizabeth and Starr, Jr. Elizabeth is now a student in the Hathaway-Brown School at Cleveland, while Starr, Jr., is in the Shaker Heights Village School. Both children were born in Cleveland. ROBERT HUTCHINSON BRICKER is Ohio representative, with offices in the Marshall Building, for the Norris, Allister-Ball Company, wholesale jewelers, with headquarters in Chicago.. Mr. Bricker has been with the Ball jewelry firm of Cleveland for a number of years, is a lawyer by profession, and after a brief but successful experience in the law returned to his present company and is one of its competent sales managers. Mr. Bricker was born in Smithville in Wayne County, Ohio, January 3, 1884, a son of Joseph U. and Evelyn (Miller) Bricker. On both sides he is of German stock. The parents were born in Wayne County, and Grandfather Bricker and Grandfather Miller came to this state from Pennsylvania. Joseph U. Bricker was a soldier in the Civil war, in the One Hundred.and Sixtieth Ohio Volunteer Infantry, as a private, serving from 1861 to 1864, more than three years. He and his wife now reside at Wooster, and for over twenty-seven years he has been in the railway service and for a long time chief clerk in the postal service department on the Pennsylvania line between Chicago and Pittsburg. He is a republican, formerly was quite a figure in local politics, 'but as a Government employee does not actively espouse any special party. He and his wife had a family of eleven children. 158 - CLEVELAND AND 1TS ENVIRONS six sons and five daughters, all still living except one &tighter. The oldest, Grace, died at the age of twenty-one. In order of birth four of the daughters came first, then the five of the sons, and the youngest daughter is next younger to Robert H. The latter was the eighth in the family. Mr. Bricker received his early education in the public schools of Wooster, graduating from high school in 1902. For one year he was a student in Wooster University and then spent one year in the Yokum Business College. After leaving business college Mr. Bricker became private secretary to Sidney Ball, now president of the Norris, Allister-Ball Company of Chicago. Mr. Ball was then a Cleveland man and in the wholesale department of the Webb C. Ball Company. As private secretary Mr. Brieker came to Cleveland in 1904 and gradually he acquired experience in various departments of the wholesale jewelry firm of the Webb C. Ball Company. While giving most of his daylight hours to this firm he studied law privately and also in the Cleveland Law School of the Baldwin-Wallace University, and completed the course and graduated LL. B. with the class of 1911, being admitted to the Ohio bar in June of the same year. In 1912 Mr. Bricker gave up his position with the Ball firm and entered the private practice of law, joining Frederick Huston and John Huston, under the firm name of Huston, Huston & Bricker, with offices in the Marshall Building. After two years of law practice Mr. Bricker returned to the firm and in June, 1915, became representative of Northern Ohio for the Norris, Allister-Ball Company. This is one of the largest wholesale jewelry houses in the United States. In 1916 it did more business than any other wholesale jewelry house in the country. On January 1, 1917, Mr. Bricker became representative of the company for the State of Ohio, with headquarters in Cleveland and with offices in the Marshall Building. Mr. Bricker is affiliated with Windermere Lodge No. 627, Free and Accepted Masons, Windermere Chapter No. 203, Royal Arch Masons, both of East Cleveland, and is a member of Coeur De Lion Commandery, Knights Templar, of Cleveland, Ohio. He is also a member of the Windermere Methodist Episcopal Church. He belongs to the college society Sigma Kappa Phi. February 3, 1908, at Millersburg, Ohio, he married Miss Bernice Huston, daughter of John and Sarah (Close) Huston. Her mother died at Millersburg in 1915. Her father, a prominent attorney of Millersburg, was formerly head of the law firm Huston, Huston & Bricker at Cleveland. Mrs. Bricker was born in Millersburg, graduated from high school in 1904, and is an accomplished musician, having studied four years in vocal under Professor Howell. She is a member of the Kings Daughters and is active in various musical societies. Mr. and Mrs. Bricker have two sons: John Robert and William, both born in Cleveland. FRANCIS W. POULSON. At the age of thirty Mr. Poulson has attained an enviable rank among Cleveland lawyers. In the minds of Cleveland citizens generally his chief distinction rests upon his aggressive actions while city prosecutor. While in that office Mr. Poulson directed a vigilant and unceasing campaign against certain well recognized forms of evil, particularly the loan shark, and it is generally conceded that he accomplished more permanent and wholesome good in that direction than can be credited to the agency of any other individual. Mr. Poulson has shown character and ability in all his career from college days. He inherits. some enviable characteristics from his Scotch-Irish ancestry in the paternal line, and French forbears on the maternal side. The Poulson were Ohio pioneers, his great-grandfather having brought the family from Kentucky. Mr. Poulson's grandfather, Jackson Poulson, is still living at the age of seventy-seven, sturdy in mind as well as in body, and still maintains an active superintendence over the old homestead of a hundred seventy acres in Holmes County, where three generations of the family have been born, and where the great-grandfather located on coming to this state in 1815. Jackson Poulson does his farming only with the aid of one man. Thomas S. Poulson, father of the Cleveland lawyer, was born in the same vicinity of Holmes County, for a number of years was a farmer, and afterwards moved to Millersburg to educate his children, and during the twenty years spent there was connected with the Commercial Bank. In 1910 he came to Cleveland, where he and his wife still reside. Thomas S. Poulson married Lyda Victoria Corberand. She is of French ancestry, her father, Jean Francis Corberand, having been born in Alsace-Lorraine, France. He was active in the French army, being an officer in the 13th Division of the 10th Regiment CLEVELAND AND ITS ENVIRONS - 159 of Infantry, and was granted an honorable discharge at Pau, France, January 2, 1854. Soon afterward he came to the United States at the outbreak of the Civil war and enlisted and served four years with an Ohio regiment. When the war was over he located on a farm south of Millersburg and spent the rest of his life there. By trade he was a stone mason and mason contractor. Thomas S. Poulson and wife had eight children, three sons and five daughters. They are all still living except two sons who died in infancy. In order of age the living are : Edna R., wife of Frederick E. Pulse, assistant auditor of The American Steel and Wire Company at Cleveland ; Francis W.; Mary A., wife of Allen Thayer, city chemist of Detroit, where they reside ; Florence V., Evelyn and Helen, at home with their parents in Cleveland ; Helen being a student in the Glenville High School. Mr. Francis W. Poulson was born on his father's farm in Hardy Township, Holmes County, near Holmesville, May 12, 1887. Most of his early youth was spent in the town of Millersburg, where he attended the grammar and high schools, graduating from high school with the class of 1905. A few days later he came to Cleveland, on a temporary visit as he thought. While here he accepted a position with The Chandler & Price Company, 6000 Carnegie Avenue, and it was five years before he left their service. He began as timekeeper, filled other responsibilities, and finally resigned the position of traffic manager. While with that firm Mr. Poulson took up the study of law in the night courses of the Cleveland Law School, and after three years of diligent study received his LL. B. degree from this department of the Baldwin-Wallace University in 1910. In June of that year he was admitted to the bar, and has since been admitted to practice in the Federal courts. Mr. Poulson began practice at Cleveland with Edgar M. Bell, under the firm name of Bell & Poulson in the Society for Savings Building. This firm dissolved January 1, 1912, on account of Mr. Poulson's appointment as prosecuting attorney of Cleveland by the late E. K. Wilcox, who was then director of law. Mr. Poulson served as city prosecutor until the change of administration on January 1, 1916. In the fall of 1915 he was candidate for judge of the Municipal Court. There were three vacancies to be filled and twenty Vol. II - 11 candidates. Mr. Poulson stood fourth in the race, being beaten by only a few hundred votes. His work as prosecutor was memorable in many ways. In 1914 he instituted a determined campaign of prosecution against the loan sharks of Cleveland. Before he was through forty-five loan offices were put out of business. The success of Mr. Poulson's campaign in Cleveland brought about similar campaigns in Toledo, Dayton, Youngstown, Columbus and Cincinnati, and from these larger cities the reform spread over the state, being made effective by the passage of the so-called "Lloyd Act," by which money lenders must secure licenses from the state and are placed under the direct supervision and jurisdiction of the State Banking Department. At the present time there is not more than a tenth of the number of these loan agencies in Ohio as existed before Mr. Poulson began his onslaught at Cleveland. The regulation of the loan sharks was a movement which received from Mr. Poulson every encouragement and assistance within his power, not merely in Cleveland but in the state. He and Hugh Huntington, of Columbus, and A. D. Baldwin, of Cleveland, drew up the bill known as the Lloyd Act, and Mr. Poulson personally appeared before the House and Senate on four different occasions to plead for its passage. The director of the remedial loan division of the Russell Sage Foundation has called this bill a model law, and it is one of the distinctive pieces of legislation by which Ohio now leads all the states and many other commonwealths have closely followed its provisions in similar legislation. The act has already been passed upon and adjudged constitutional by the Ohio Supreme Court. In addition to the routine matters that came before him as prosecutor, Mr. Poulson also undertook the prosecution of fake employment agencies, and also led several crusades against dope peddlers. The regulation of employment agencies is a reform only less in importance to the loan shark evil, and it is a matter which through a recent decision of the United States Supreme Court is destined to receive attention and study from reform organizations. After leaving his public office Mr. Poulson resumed private practice with offices in the Rockefeller Building in partnership with George R. McKay and R. A. Baskin, under the firm name of McKay, Poulson & Baskin. Mr. Baskin retired April 1, 1917, and the firm is 160 - CLEVELAND AND ITS ENVIRONS now McKay & Poulson, with their offices in the new Guardian Building. This firm handles a general practice. Politically Mr. Poulson is a democrat from conviction, and also from inheritance since both his father and grandfather have been stanchly aligned with the same party, his grandfather being a true Jackson democrat. Mr. Poulson is a member of the Cleveland and Ohio State Bar Associations, is a member of Battery A, Ohio National Guard Field Artillery and Troop A of Ohio Cavalry, belongs to the Knights of Pythias, Tyrian Lodge No. 370, Free and Accepted Masons, Cleveland Lodge No. 18, Benevolent and Protective Order of Elks, Cleveland Chamber of Commerce and the City Club. He was the first president of The Investment Security Company of Cleveland when it was organized. He is a director of the Legal Aid Society of Cleveland and belongs to the Sigma Kappa Phi college fraternity. As a college man Mr. Poulson was much interested in athletics. His special forte was football, and then and later he played with several professional teams in Ohio in the days when Willie Heston and "Germany" Schultz the great Michigan University stars, were in their prime. He is also a baseball fan and an enthusiastic automobilist. Other recreations which claim some of his time in the summer are tennis and swimming. Mr. Poulson and family reside at 1969 East 81st Street. He married at Cleveland November 6, 1913, Miss Fay Marie Downing, daughter of the late Frederick E. Downing. Mrs. Poulson was born in Cleveland, was liberally educated, graduating from the East High School with the class of 1910; and then entered Lake Erie College at Painesville. She is a member of the Lake Erie College Alumni Association, but did not graduate since Mr. Poulson exercised a preferred claim upon her and secured her consent to marriage before graduation honors were ready. Mrs. Poulson is active in Cleveland social life and they have an ideal home. WILLIAM SHELDON KERRUISH. Those lawyers who were concerned with the Cleveland bar before the great civil conflict which rent the nation have almost without exception long since laid down their briefs and have either retired or have been called to the greater bar. A notable exception is William S. Kerruish, now recognized as the oldest practicing attorney in Cleveland. Eighty-six years of age, he is still hale and vigorous, and has much of the versatility and the fluency which so long characterized his splendid efforts as a trial lawyer. He has been a member of the bar almost sixty years. Mr. Kerruish was born in Warrensville, Cuyahoga County, Ohio, October 30, 1831. His parents, William and Jane (Kelly) Kerruish, were both born in the Isle of Man. After their marriage they emigrated to the United States in 1827, locating in Warrensville: Ohio, where the lather followed farming. The mother died in 1883, having outlived her husband ; and Mr. Kerruish's only sister, Mrs. Jane Caine, is now deceased. William S. Kerruish owes his long and industrious life partly to the inheritance of sturdy stock and partly to his wholesome rural environment when a boy. There is hardly a finer exemplar of "mens sana in corpore sano." He has not only possessed a vigorous body and a vigorous mind, but a mind of unusual range of interests and attainments. As a boy he attended the public schools at Warrensville and prepared for college in the Twinsburg Institute. In 1852 he entered the sophomore class of Western Reserve College, continued his studies there two years, at the close of which he was admitted to the senior class of Yale College. He was graduated from Yale with the class of 1855, and is now one of the last survivors of that class. The year following his graduation from Yale he taught languages in Twinsburg Institute, and in 1857 began the active study of law in the office of Ranney, Backus & Noble. Admitted to the bar in 1858 by examination before the Supreme Court at Columbus, he at once became a competitor for the professional honors in the Cleveland bar and has outlived practically all of his many eminent contemporaries. After practicing alone for a time he became a member of the firm of Hayes & Kerruish, and was again alone after the dissolution of the partnership. He became head of the. firm Kerruish & Heisley, and later was a partner of George T. Chapman as Kerruish & Chapman, and in time his son, S. Q. Kerruish, was admitted to partnership. On the death of Mr. Chapman in 1906, the firm became Kerruish & Kerruish. In 1912, George E. Hartshorn and George W. Spooner were admitted to the partnership, whose title continues as Kerruish, Kerruish, Hartshorn & Spooner, with offices in the Society for Savings Building in the City of Cleveland. In his early career Mr. William S. Kerruish took an active part in political life. He was a CLEVELAND AND ITS ENVIRONS - 161 republican in those days, and still leans to that party, though his actions in the main are independent. In time his law practice became so extensive and involved so much of his study and attention. that he felt obliged to forego the privilege of participation in political affairs. As a lawyer he has especially excelled in the trial of cases. As a trial lawyer his work was difficult and onerous for many years, and he has been connected with the trial of as large and important a volume of litigation as perhaps any other lawyer in Northern Ohio. He early distinguished himself 'by his success in murder cases. He is an orator of no mean ability, and a power to express himself forcibly and fluently was a large factor in his professional reputation. Many times he has appeared on public occasions as a speaker, and he has been as much at home in discussing economic and civic questions as in the logical and persuasive dialectics of the court room. Cleveland perhaps has no more gifted student and master of languages. Gaelic was his mother tongue and he is one of the few living Americans who have a perfect familiarity with that language and its literature. He also acquired the German ; and the Latin language and literature have been subjects of life-long study with him. In other realms of knowledge his interest has been attracted by economics, and for years he has carried on a careful investigation of economic problems and has used his broad information in promoting public progress and in behalf of various local organizations. Mr. Kerruish is the father of an interesting family. He was married in 1859 to Miss Margaret Quayle, a native of the Isle of Man. She came to the United States when a young girl. Nine children were born to them and six are still living : Sheldon Q., law partner of his father ; Mona, at home; Maud, now Mrs. M. S. Towson ; Grace Antoinette, now Mrs. E. S. Whitney ; Miriam G., now Mrs. C. W. Stage ; and Helen Constance, now Mrs. F. D. Buffum. Mr. Kerruish has ten grandchildren. He and his family attend St. Paul's Episcopal Church. SHELDON QUAYLE KERRUISH, a Cleveland lawyer since 1885, is now active head of the 'firm Kerruish, Kerruish, Hartshorn & Spooner, one of the largest and most important legal firms in Northern Ohio. The senior partner is William S. Kerruish, who as elsewhere mentioned is the oldest practicing attorney of the Cleveland bar today, and while in his office daily he has gradually turned over to his son and other partners the heavier responsibilities .of practice. Sheldon Quayle Kerruish was born at Cleveland February 26, 1861, a son of William S. and Margaret (Quayle) Kerruish. As a boy he attended public and private schools in Cleveland, graduating from the Brooks School in 1878. He then entered Yale College, from which he received the 'bachelor of arts degree in 1883. Mr. Kerruish took up the study of law in his father's office and was admitted to the bar in 1885 and later became a partner with his father. After some years the firm of Kerruish & Kerruish was enlarged by the admission of George E. Hartshorn and George W. Spooner, making the firm title as above given. The offices are in the Society for Savings Building. The firm does general practice in all courts and in all branches of the civil law. While his profession has called upon him for almost constant devotion and study, Mr. Kerruish has formed connections with various business corporations in which he is serving as a director. For seven years he was a member of Troop A of the Ohio Cavalry. He is a democrat in politics, a member of the Masonic Order and Psi Upsilon College Society and belongs to the Union Club of Cleveland, the Yale Club of New York City, the Nisi Prius Club of Cleveland and the Cleveland Bar Association. He is a member of the Protestant Episcopal Church. Mr. Kerruish is unmarried. PAUL G. KASSULEER. In the difficult field of corporation, realty and insurance law, the mere possession of important position indicates the possession of abilities beyond the ordinary. This is preeminently the domain of practical law, in which fertility of resource and vigor of professional treatment, hard fact and solid logic, and intimate knowledge of conditions and values, are usually relied upon, rather than the graces of oratory and ingenious theory. In this field one of the leading members of the Cleveland bar is Paul G. Kassulker, senior member of the firm of Kassulker & Kassulker, who, during a period of thirty-three years, has gained a substantial reputation as a close student of the law and a painstaking, able and strictly reliable lawyer. Mr. Kassulker was born at Portage, DnFort, Ontario, Canada, January 7, 1863, a son of Charles A. and Dora Kassulker. As a child he 162 - CLEVELAND AND ITS ENVIRONS was brought by his parents to Cleveland, where he acquired his early education in the parochial schools, and subsequently was instructed by a private tutor until he attained his majority. Admitted to the bar of Ohio October 7, 1884, he at that time opened an office at Cleveland, where for the greater part of the time he has practiced alone, although now in partnership with his son, with offices in the American Trust Building. His knowledge of the law is remarkable for its comprehensiveness and aceuraey, in its application he is concise, earnest, forceful and logical, which accounts in large measure for the high and substantial nature of his standing. At various times he has been counsel for some of the largest interests of Cleveland in litigation involving important matters and bringing out fine legal points, and is still connected, either as counsel or official, with many prominent concerns, both in and outside of Ohio. His profession has absorbed the great bulk of his time, so that, had he the inclination, it would have been injudicious for him to seek public preferment as an office holder. As a widely-read and thoughtful man, however, he has always had firm convictions on all questions of public polity, and has consistently supported the principles of the republican party. He belongs to the Cleveland Bar Association, the Ohio State Bar Association, the American Bar Association, the Cleveland Athletic Club and the Cleveland Automobile Club. Mr. Kassulker was married March 27, 1884, to Miss Bessie R. Curtis. Their son, Walter Scott Kassulker, is a graduate of the academic department of the University of Chicago, and attended the law department of that university. At the university he was famous as a star of the gridiron. He later read law in his father's office and was admitted to the bar of Ohio. He was associated in practice with his father until he enlisted for service on the Mexican border, subsequently graduated from Fort Benjamin Harrison as first lieutenant and is now stationed at Chillicothe, Ohio. Mr. Kassulker's daughter, Flor- ence Adelaide, is a graduate of East High School of Cleveland and Lake Erie Seminary, Painesville, Ohio. She was married August 28, 1913, to R. J. Mills, of Cleveland. WILLIAM VERNON BACKUS has had a successful career as a lawyer and, business man but his important services to mankind have not been confined to the medium of any one profession or vocation. A person of more dis tinguished versatility of achievements and interests it would be difficult to find. A few years ago Mr. Backus originated " Talosophy," which has been described as "the art of making happiness epidemic.", It now numbers its practitioners and followers by thousands and thousands and its contribution to the sum total of human happiness is beyond all estimate. Mr. Backus is also a doctor of chiropractic, has the honorary degree of Ph.C., and is now giving nearly all his time to the work of suggestive therapeutics and chiropractic, working through the one for mental adjustment to life's problems and through the other for those physical readjustments by which nervous and chronic diseases are eliminated from human reckoning. Mr. Backus is a native of Cleveland, born August 24, 1860, only son of Capt. William and Lena (Strobel) Backus. His father was one of Cleveland's pioneers and for many years a leading German American citizen. During the Civil war he served as captain of the Twentieth Ohio Battery. He afterwards gave a long service as a member of the city council of Cleveland. William Vernon Backus was educated in the grammar schools and high schools of Cleveland and by private tuition perfected himself in the English, German and Spanish languages and also took special courses in law, philosophy, vitosophy, psychology and 'natural therapy. He is a post-graduate student of chiropractic under Dr. Willard Carver of the Carver College of Chiropractic and of orifieial surgery under Doctor Santanelli. He is a graduate of the Weltmer Institute of Suggestive Therapeutics and has also been a pupil of Dr. William . Windsor, Character Analyst of New York. Doctor Backus has been a student at the American University at Chicago, was a student of methods of Dr. Paul Dubois, professor of Neuro-Pathology at the University of Berne, Switzerland. His studies have been pursued in this country, in New York, London and Paris. As a lawyer Mr. Backus practiced for twenty years in Cleveland, New York, and Mexico City. While in Mexico he carried many important cases before the supreme court of that republic. Along with the law he has been a practical and constructive factor in business affairs and has brought about the organization of many companies. The most important have been the Mexican Imperial Plantation Company, a $5,000,000 corporation, the Royal Danish Marble Company and the Santa Teresa Banana Company of Mexico. In CLEVELAND AND ITS ENVIRONS - 163 1906 he organized the Jalisco and Michoacan Railroad Company, of which he was vice president and general counsel. While in Mexico be invented Synthetic marble, for which patents were issued in the leading countries. In his younger years Mr. Backus was editor of various newspaper publications, among others The Spur, The Courier, The American Union and for some years was on the editorial staff of The Cleveland Press. He was president of the Cleveland Board of Education from 1890 to 1895. At all times Mr. Backus has given the benefit of his services as a naturopath physician without charge but in recent years has been compelled to confine his ministrations principally to the members of the Appreciation League, an organization incorporated by him in 1913 with entirely altruistic motives and objects. This league grew out of his great work " Talosophy—the Art of making Happiness Epidemic," which was published in 1913 and which has been widely and enthusiastically commented upon by press and pulpit. Talosophy has been described by a prominent author and minister as "Christianity in Action," and has given deserved and practical emphasis to an attitude of the human mind as a result of which the good things in human conduct and human life are sought out for praise and appreciation rather than the faults and the bad things for adverse criticism. In 1888 he invented a half tone process for photoengraving. As an author Mr. Backus is known by his publications and lectures on ".The Real Mexico and Modern Civilization," "Mental Laws and the Power of Suggestion," "Health through. Drugless Methods," "Science and Immortality," and others. He is a member of the Pan American Association of the United States at New York, the American Academy of Political and Social Science of Philadelphia, the City Club of CleVeland, the Cleveland. Chamber of Commerce, is president of the Federated Association of Drugless Practitioners and Allied Professions of Ohio, president of the Cuyahoga Chiropractic Association of Ohio, the Ohio State Society of Naturopaths, president The American Suggestive Therapeutic Association of Ohio, the National • Psychic Science Association of Cleveland, and president of the Appreciation League of the United States, whose national headquarters are in Cleveland. In 1906-08 he was vice president of the American School Association of Mexico City and was president of the American Colony of Mexico at Mexico City in 190507. In politics Mr. Backus has usually been affiliated with the republican party. He is a thirty-second degree Mason, and while in Mexico City assisted in installing the Mystic Shrine, one of whose prominent initiates was President Porfirio Diaz. He is also a member of the Knights of Pythias and Benevolent and Protective Order of Elks. Mr. Backus' professional .offices are in the Permanent Building of Cleveland. His only son, Richard C. Backus, is a New York lawyer. His only daughter, Edna Lois, is the wife of Leroy Scott, sales manager of the National Carbon Company of Cleveland. MARTIN L. SWEENEY. Among the younger members of the Cleveland bar, one whose thorough learning and varied ability in public life account him one of the leaders is Martin L. Sweeney. Mr. Sweeney practices as a general practitioner of the law with offices in the Society for Savings Building. He was born at Cleveland, April 15, 1885, a son of Dominic and Anna (Cleary). Sweeney. His parents were both natives of Ireland, his father born in County Roscommon and his mother in County Sligo. They were married in Cleveland. Dominic Sweeney came to the United States when about twenty years of age, landing in New York City and coming direct to Cleveland. That was about 1860. The mother came to this country and .to Cleveland at about the age of sixteen and has lived in Cleveland for more than forty-five years. Dominic Sweeney was a teaming contractor, and under the late. Mayor Blee held the office of superintendent of catch basins. He was very active in democratic politick, especially in that district of the city now the twelfth ward. As contractor he also had much to do with building up and developing the Upper Cuyahoga Valley. In the family were seven children, three sons and four daughters, all living except one daughter. John Thomas, the oldest, is a resident of Los Angeles, California; Mary is the deceased daughter; Catherine, Anna, Martin L., Agnes and Dominic J. are the five younger children. Dominic is now assistant priest of the Blessed Sacrament Church of Cleveland. All were born in Cleveland. Martin L. Sweeney was twelve years of age when his father died. It then became necessary for him to go to work, and from that age he has depended upon his own energy and resources to put him into the profession of law and into a position where he may properly 164 - CLEVELAND AND ITS ENVIRONS be considered one of the successful men of this city. In the meantime he had attended St. Bridget's Parochial School of Cleveland and in the intervals of his self-supporting work made himself opportunities to attend private school and also the night classes of the Cleveland Law School, the law department of Baldwin-Wallace College. Mr. Sweeney is a very capable salesman, and mastered that art before he was ready to practice law. He was graduated with the class of June, 1913, from law school and was admitted to the Ohio bar December 16, 1913. He began practice in the Society for Savings Building in December, 1914. Mr. Sweeney has taken an active part in democratic politics in Cleveland. In the fall of 1912, before his admission to the bar, he was elected to the Eightieth General Assembly, during the administration of Gov. James Cox. He served in the session of 1913-14 and was a member of the committees on Benevolent and Penal Institutions, Liquor Traffic and Temperance, Supplies and Expenditures. While in the Legislature Mr. Sweeney gave particular attention to the Workmen's Compensation Act, the Mothers' Pension Bill and the Liquor License problem. In the Eightieth Assembly he was next to the youngest member of the House of Representatives. Mr. Sweeney, who is unmarried, is interested in a number of fraternal societies, including the Knights of Columbus, the Fra; ternal Order of Eagles, the Loyal Order of Moose, is a past officer of the Catholic Order of Foresters of Perry Court of Cleveland, and is the Cuyahoga County president for the four year term, 1915-18, of the Ancient Order of Hibernians of Ohio. He also belongs to the City Club, the Cleveland Bar Association, and St. Thomas Parish of the Catholic Church. CHARLES WARNER PAINE is a lawyer by profession, member of the firm Seaton and Paine in the Leader-News Building, and since moving to this city seventeen years ago has attained the position and success that goes with a lawyer of the highest standing. Mr. Paine represents some old and prominent family connections in Northeastern Ohio. There were five members of the Paine family soldiers in the Revolutionary war. After the war they settled in different localities, and one branch went to Northeastern Ohio and as a result of their influence and activities the Town of Painesville was named for them. Charles Warner Paine was born on a farm in Ripley Township, Huron County, Ohio, not far from the little town of Greenwich, September 14, 1872. Another notable ancestor was his great-grandfather, Rev. Joseph Edwards, who in the pioneer times of Huron County was a Presbyterian circuit rider. He preached the gospel in many widely scattered communities of the state and he gave the land and laid out Edwards cemetery in Ripley Township. In that cemetery are buried all of Mr. Paine's people on both sides and also many of the early settlers of that locality. Both the Paine and Edwards families came to Ohio from Connecticut. Mr. Paine is a son of Edwards Clark and Cordelia (Jenney) Paine. His mother's people were Quakers from New Jersey. Both parents were born in Ripley Township of Huron County. Edwards C. Paine grew up as a farmer boy, followed farming to some extent and also railroad work, but spent the greater part of his active life and found his real vocation in the insurance field. In 1892 he moved to Columbus, Ohio, and was one of the leading life insurance men of the state. At the time of his death in 1914 he was manager of the Mutual Life Insurance Company of New York at Columbus. The mother also died at Columbus in 1914. Edwards C. Paine was a Scottish Rite Mason and Shriner. In the family were three children, two sons and one daughter, Charles W. being the oldest. His brother, Frederick C., is in the general insurance business at Phoenix, Arizona. He was born at Sandusky, Ohio, while the daughter, Mrs. Edward Compton Fenimore, was born at Port Clinton, Ohio. Mrs. Fenimore is prominent in social circles at Columbus and the Fenimores are one of the leading families of the capital city. Mr. and Mrs. Fenimore have three children : Edward Compton Fenimore, Jr., born December 4, 1911; Charles Paine Fenimore and John Cooper Fenimore, both of whom were born on Christmas Eve, the one in 1913 and the youngest in 1915. Charles W. Paine spent most of his early youth at Port Clinton, Ohio, and graduated from the high school there in 1890. In 1897 he completed his studies in the Ohio Wesleyan University at Delaware, was graduated Bachelor of Science, and the following year he spent in Johns Hopkins University at Baltimore, taking special courses in History, Economics and Jurisprudence. Mr. Paine studied law at Delaware, Ohio, with Frank M. Merriott and was admitted to the Ohio bar in 1899. During the following year he was a partner with his CLEVELAND AND ITS ENVIRONS - 165 preceptor under the name Merriott & Paine but in 1900 removed to Cleveland and in 1902 formed his present partnership with Arthur E. Seton. For fifteen years this firm has had a large share of the general practice of law and has handled many cases of importance in all the local and state courts. While in Ohio Wesleyan University Mr. Paine was captain of cadets, and this experience and familiarity with military technique brought him an offer, which he accepted, while he was a student at Johns Hopkins University at Baltimore to drill some of the recruits for the Spanish-American war. After removing to Cleveland he was for five years a member of Troop A of the Ohio National Guard. Mr. Paine is a republican in politics, but outside of his profession he finds his chief pleasure in his attractive home at 2456 Overlook Road. If he has any special recreation it is automobiling. At Cleveland October 10, 1915, Mr. Paine married Miss Florence Eleanor . Whiting. Their married life has been a most happy and ideal one, and the affection that culminated in their marriage was the result of common ideals and tastes and purposes. Mrs. Paine is a daughter of Arthur E. and Fanny (Wooster) Whiting, of Cleveland. She was born in Cleveland, and completed her education at Miss Mittleberger's School. Mrs. Paine was a. member of the Euclid Club, an organization no longer in existence but recalled in the grateful associations of all its former mem. bers. Both Mr. and Mrs. Paine are members of St. Paul's Episcopal Church. They are the parents of one child, Patricia Eleanor, born November 10, 1917. JOHN ALVARO SMITH, senior member of the law firm of Smith, Griswold, Green & Hadden, is in point of years of continuous service one of the oldest members of the Cleveland bar. He was graduated from the Ohio State and Union Law School at Cleveland in 1872, with the degree LL.B., was admitted to the Ohio bar in the same year and to the United States courts on the 4th of July of that year. During his practice he had gained the reputation and the influential connections of the successful lawyer, and of his later enviable eminence at the bar nothing could be said that would more distinguish him than his present position at the head of the firm above named. Mr. Smith was born at Plain City, Ohio, December 12, 1848. His parents, John Whitmore and Esther Ann (Keys) Smith, were early settlers in Union County, Ohio, where his father had a large farm. Both parents died in Union County. Of the ten children eight are living today. John A. Smith acquired a liberal education as a preparation for his chosen career. He was graduated A. M. and B. A. from the Ohio Wesleyan University at Delaware in 1871, and in the following year graduated in law at Cleveland. Mingling with his strict professional activities as a lawyer have come many 'business and civic interests. He is a director in bank and commercial corporations, including the following: The Guarantee Title and Trust Company, the Pearl Street Savings & Trust Company ; the Forest City •Savings & Trust Company, the State Banking & Trust Company, the Columbia Savings & Loan Company, the McLean Tire & Rubber Company, the Detroit Street Investment Company, the Merchants Banking & Storage Company, the Citizens Mortgage Investment Company, and the C. S. Realty Company. He is an honored member of the Cleveland Bar Association and the Ohio State Bar Association. For 6 1/2 years he served as a member of the Cleveland Library Board, was a member of the city council one term, 1888-90, and was president of the East Cleveland Council and vice mayor of East Cleveland from 1911 to 1913. Mr. Smith is a thirty-second degree Mason, a member of Holyrood Commandery of the Knights Templar, and of Lake Erie Consistory. He also belongs to the Cleveland Athletic Club, the Castalia Trout Club and the Masonic Club. His church is the Windemere Methodist Episcopal. Mr. Smith was married in Cleveland, July 18, 1876, to Marietta Edmondaton, now deceased. The one child of their union is John William Smith, an attorney and now a member of the law firm of Smith, Griswold, Green & Hadden. On December 18, 1915, Mr. Smith married Elizabeth A. Williams, daughter of the late Thomas H. and Mary (Lewis) Williams. Her parents were married in Wales and about a year later came to the United States, locating at Hubbard in Trumbull County, Ohio, where her father was a coal operator. She was educated in the grammar and high schools of Hubbard, Ohio, took preparatory work in the Baldwin-Wallace University at Cleveland, and is a graduate of the Cleveland Law School. She was admitted to the Ohio bar in 1908 and is a member of the Cleveland Bar Association and the Ohio State Bar Association. 166 - CLEVELAND AND ITS ENVIRONS Mrs. Smith is active in the Woman's Suffrage Movement, is a member of the Woman's Club of Cleveland and was a delegate to the National Convention held at Atlantic City, New Jersey, in 1916, by that organization. ARTHUR DOUGLAS BALDWIN, who has acquired many influential connections with Cleveland's life both as a lawyer and citizen, has practiced law in the city for a number of years, and he has looked after a large clientage and many other interests from his offices in the Garfield Building. Mr. Baldwin was born in the Hawaiian Islands April 8, 1876, son of Henry P. and Emily (Alexander) Baldwin. Part of his youth was spent in California and he attended the Oakland High School in that state. He was prepared for college in the Hotchkiss School in Connecticut, graduated B. A. from Yale University and has his law degree from the Harvard Law School. In 1908 he organized the law firm of Crowell & Baldwin at Cleveland. This firm was dissolved in 1911. Mr. Baldwin is secretary of the. Workingmen's Collateral Loan Company, a director of the American Fabric and Belting Company, and also gives much of his professional time to various social and charitable institutions and organizations. In March, 1917, Mr. Baldwin became a member of the new law firm Garfield, MacGregor & Baldwin, the senior member of which is James R. Garfield, formerly Secretary of the Interior under President Roosevelt. He served with Judge Daniel Ba'bst, of Crestline, Ohio, on the commission to codify Ohio Children's Law in 1911-12. In 1912 he was progressive candidate for state representative. His home is in the suburb Bratenahl, on Lake Shore Boulevard, and he was a member of the Bratenahl Board of Education in 1910-13. From 1901 to 1904 he was a member of Troop A, Ohio National Guard. Mr. Baldwin is a member of the Nisi Prius Club ; is trustee of the Cleveland Federation for Charity and Philanthropy ; president of the Babies' Dispensary and Hospital ; a trustee of the Legal Aid Society ; member of the executive board of the Civic League of Cleveland ; president of the Cleveland Hos-. pital Council ; and secretary of the survey committee of the Cleveland Foundation. He has social membership in the Union Club, the Tavern Club, the Country Club, the Mayfield Golf Club, the University Club, the Chagrin Valley Hunt Club, and finds his recreation chiefly in horseback riding and tennis. On November 27, 1917, he was commissioned first lieutenant of field artillery in the National Army and assigned to active duty at Camp Funston, Kansas. Mr. Baldwin was married at Cleveland June 17, 1902, to Reba Louise Williams. Their five children are Henry, Louise, Fred, Alexander and Sarah. CHARLES WADDELL CHESNUTT has been a member of the Cleveland bar for thirty years. While the law has been a congenial field and his attainments and accomplishments have fitted him to rank among the elle members of the legal profession, Mr. Chesnutt has attained his national reputation and has found recreation in authorship and he has long been recognized as one of the first in Cleveland's literary circles. Though most of his youth was spent in the South Mr. Chesnutt claims Cleveland as his native city. He was born there June 20, 1858, a son of Andrew J. and Maria Chesnutt. His parents were of southern ancestry, located at Cleveland in 1856, but after the close of the Civil war went to North Carolina, locating at Fayetteville. Mr. Chesnutt received his earliest instruction in the public schools of Cleveland, and in North Carolina his schooling was largely of a private character. Naturally studious, he followed this bent and has mastered a wide range of subjects in addition' to the law. At the age of sixteen he became a teacher. For nine years he worked in the public schools of North Carolina, and when only twenty-three years of age was appointed principal of the State Normal School at Fayetteville. Part of his journeyman experience as a writer was done in New York City in 1884 in connection with newspapers. He also qualified as an expert shorthand reporter and on returning to Cleveland became a reporter in the courts and his services in that capacity have been employed in connection with a great deal of important litigation. By this practical experience and also by study in the office of the late Samuel E. Williamson, he prepared for admission to the bar and after examination was licensed to practice in 1887. Since then he has combined court reporting with a general practice as a lawyer, and his offices are in the Williamson Building. As a writer Mr. Chesnutt's power has been chiefly manifested in delineation of the picturesque and the romantic in human experi- CLEVELAND AND ITS ENVIRONS - 167 ence. He became an interested observer of motives and circumstances in the development of human destiny when a teacher in North Carolina, and many of the incidents he has woven into his larger works were drawn from his rather extensive contact with men and affairs. Mr. Chesnutt is the author of : "The Conjure Woman," 1899; "The Wife of His Youth and Other Stories," 1899; "Life of Frederick Douglas," published in the "Beacon Biographies" in 1899; "The House Behind the Cedars," 1900; "The Marrow of Tradition," 1901; "The Colonel's Dream," 1905, these being the better known titles•in addition to a large number of short stories and fugitive essays and articles. His writings indicate a wealth of imagination combined with a comprehensive understanding of the problems of life and a clear analysis of the motive springs of human conduct. Mr. Chesnutt is married and is a member of the Rowfant Club. WILLIAM R. RYAN, SR., was for many years a conspicuous figure in the political, business and civic life of Cleveland and Cuyahoga County. For ten years he was the recognized power behind the throne of the democratic party in the county, and also became known as "the father of Cleveland's summer. resorts." He was born at Detroit, Michigan, June 21, 1855, and died October 23, 1917, a son of Jerome and Loretta Ryan. His parents were both natives of Ireland and died during the early boyhood of William R. Ryan, who grew up and was educated by an uncle, a stern school master of the old school. He began his career humbly enough, but in a few years was managing a modest business of his own. For a number of years he was a dealer in candy, cigars and tobacco, and also operated a drug store. From these interests he became identified with the establishment and management of public amusement and resort places. He organized and was the first president and manager of the Euclid Beach Park, Cleveland's most popular summer resort, and he also owned and operated Manhattan Beach and the White City Park in Cleveland. For the last twenty years of his life he was one of Cleveland's leading real estate men, and during this time handled some of the largest real estate deals in the city. He was an official appraiser of real estate, was a director in the State Banking and Trust Company, and his later years were burdened with heavy business responsibilities. He is given credit for being the first man to predict that Cleveland would have a million people by 1920, a prediction which at the present time few would doubt the fulfillment. Early in his career he became interested in local democratic politics, and eventually was a figure of prominence in the state politics. He served as justice of the peace from 1883 to 1886, having been elected at the age of twenty-five. He was chief deputy sheriff of Cuyahoga County from 1887 to 1890 and was sheriff from 1891 to 1894. The late Mr. Ryan was a charter member of the Benevolent and Protective Order of Elks and the Catholic Mutual Benefit Association. He was a member of St. Agnes Catholic Church. In 1877 in Cleveland he married Catherine Murphy, daughter of Nicholas and Catherine Murphy. They became the parents of nine children : Jerome A., who married Agnes O'Brien ; Nicholas, Kathryn and Angela, all unmarried ; William R., who married Louise Brotherton ; Frances, wife of Howard Hall ; J. Lee, who married Marian Fuller ; Clara, who became the wife of John Cleary ; and Eugene, unmarried. WILLIAM RICHARD RYAN, JR., one of the younger members of the Cleveland bar, has already a well established position in his profession. He is a son of the late William R. Ryan, elsewhere mentioned in this publication. He was born at Cleveland, April 21, 1887, and had unusually liberal and thorough advantages in preparation for his profession. He attended the Fairmount Grade School, the East High School, was a student of Denison University with the class of 1907, and took his law course at Notre Dame University, from which he graduated LL. B. in 1911. He was a member of the Beta Theta Pi fraternity at Denison. University. Mr. Ryan was prominent in college athletics. While in the East High School at Cleveland he played as a member and was captain of the championship football and baseball teams, and for four years, from 1907 to 1911, was with the Notre Dame University baseball and football teams. The followers of university sports need not be told that Notre Dame teams during those years stood in the front rank, and during one season at least its football team had no superior either east or west. Since coming out of university Mr. Ryan has been busily engaged with a growing law practice, with offices in the Society for Savings Building. He is a member of the Catholic Church. In politics he went with Roosevelt in 168 - CLEVELAND AND ITS ENVIRONS the progressive campaign of 1912, and in that year was candidate for county recorder of Cuyahoga County. He is a member of the Alpha Omega High School fraternity. October 3, 1912, at Cleveland, Mr. Ryan married Louise Alden Brotherton, daughter of Mr. and Mrs. Charles F. Brotherton of Cleveland. She is a direct descendant of the famous John Alden of Mayflower and early Pilgrim history. One of her grandmothers lived in the first frame building in Kansas City, Kansas. Mr. and Mrs. Ryan have two children : Julia Louise and W. R. Ryan, third. ROSCOE MORGAN EWING is one of Cleveland's younger lawyers, but has taken high rank in the profession and enjoys some very influential and useful connections with the Cleveland bar and with Cleveland citizenship. He was born in Wayne County, Ohio, May 23, 1889, and through his mother his family has. been identified with Ohio since 1800, while his father's family came to this state in 1812. Mr. Ewing was reared in Medina County from the age of eight years and lived there until 1908, when he came to Cleveland. His parents, John E. and Chastina (Baird) Ewing, are still living in Medina County. His father has been superintendent of the Medina County Infirmary since 1908. Both parents were natives of Wayne County. The Bairds came from Vermont and Connecticut while the Ewings were of Virginia stock. Mr. Ewing's great-grandfather on his mother's side lived in the early days ten miles south of Wooster, Ohio. Roscoe M. Ewing was third in a family of five children, all of whom are living, as follows : Ernest, an instructor in the Speneerian Business College of Cleveland; Carrie, wife of Roy Curtis, a grocer at Wadsworth in Medina County; Roscoe M.; Dr. Forest R., a veterinary surgeon with a large practice at Shreve in Wayne County; and Theodore H., who is still at home and a student in high school. All the children were born in Wayne County except Theodore, who is a native of Medina County. Roscoe M. Ewing had some difficulties to contend with and stimulate his ambition while a youth. He attended the district schools, the Wadsworth High School, where he was graduated in 1908, and in the meantime had taught two terms of school in Medina County. Coming to Cleveland in the summer of 1908, he was enrolled as a student in Western Reserve University in the fall of 1909 and diligently pursued his law studies until graduating LL.B. in June, 1912. Admitted to the Ohio bar in the same month, he began the practice of law in the law offices of the late lion. Robert E. McKisson. Mr. McKisson, a prominent lawyer and former mayor of Cleveland, is the subject of a sketch on other pages of this publication. Mr. Ewing practiced in the MeKisson offices until the death of the former mayor on October 14, 1915. Much of the .practice formerly handled by Mr. McKisson has since been turned over to Mr. Ewing and he has shown unusual capacity and ability in the handling of complicated interests and is a forceful advocate in court and a thoroughly competent counselor. He now owns a splendid law library, having purchased a large part of the library formerly owned by Mr. McKisson. Mr. Ewing is a republican both by birth and environment, and has been quite active in politics. He has several times taken the stump in behalf of candidates, though he has so far kept his resolution not to seek office fon. himself. He is a member of the Masonic order at Medina, belongs to the Cleveland Bar Association, the Cleveland Civic League, and the Methodist Episcopal Church. His offices are in the Williamson Building and his home is at 1250 Marlowe Avenue, Lakewood, Ohio. Mr. Ewing was married August 26, 1914, to Miss Viva B. Sargeant, daughter of Mr. and Mrs. W. L. Sargeant, of Medina. Medina vtas the birthplace and early home of Mrs. Ewing, and she is a graduate of the high school of Medina with the class of 1910. They have one daughter, Jane Lucile, born at Cleveland. EVAN HENRY HOPKINS is a member of the law firm Herrick, Hopkins, Stockwell & Benesch, in the Society for Savings Building. Has been an active member of the Cleveland bar for over a quarter of a century. He was born in Johnstown, Pennsylvania, November 4, 1864, a son of David J. and Mary (Jeffreys) Hopkins. He was reared and received his early education in Pennsylvania and in 1885 graduated from the Western Reserve Academy and continued his college work in Adelbert College at Cleveland, which awarded him the bachelor of arts degree in 1889. Mr. Hopkins then entered Harvard Law College and was graduated LL. B. with the class of 1892. In October preceding his graduation he was admitted to the Ohio bar and on leaving Harvard began active practice as junior partner of the law firm of Herriek & Hopkins. His senior associate is Mr. Frank R. Herrick. The firm of Herrick & Hopkins continued un- CLEVELAND AND ITS ENVIRONS - 169 changed for nearly a quarter of a century. In January, 1916, John N. Stockwell, Jr., and Alfred A. Benesch was admitted to the firm. In 1892 Mr. Hopkins was appointed to a professorship in the Western Reserve Law School, which position he held until 1910. From 1892 to 1895 he was registrar, and from 1895 to 1910 he was also dean of the school. Mr. Hopkins has for a number of years been a regular contributor to legal publications. Many of the young lawyers who received their training in Western Reserve University acknowledge their indebtedness to him as a teacher and adviser. He has frequently appeared before the higher courts both in the state and the federal judiciary. From the time he began practice at Cleveland Mr. Hopkins has evinced a ready and willing co-operation with every movement for the betterment of the city. He was a member and secretary of the Cleveland Public Library Board from 1892 until 1898 and in 1900 was appointed a member of the board of park commissioners, serving one year. He is a republican, a member of the University Club and of the Presbyterian Church. He married December 27, 1892, Miss Frances P. M. Strain, of Cleveland, and has four daughters. WALTER CHISHOLM RANSON has in recent years been prominently identified with the allotment business in the Cleveland real estate field. He is a man of wide and varied business experience in different lines and though a native of Cleveland has had his business headquarters and home at different cities throughout the eastern states. He has a number of notable Cleveland relationships in. his family record. His maternal grandfather, Capt. John Chisholm, came to Cleveland during the '40s, moving here from Nova Scotia. He had been a captain on ocean vessels and for a number of years had charge of some of the Great Lakes boats. In Cleveland he lived as a neighbor to the late Henry Chisholm, one of Cleveland's well known pioneers. Captain Chisholm also built Great Lakes boats and assisted in constructing some of the first piling set in the Cleveland harbor. He died when comparatively young. The paternal grandfather, Ranson, was an Englishman, and for many years served the East India Company and the Hudson's Bay Company. He was one of the traveling agents of the latter corporation in Canada and acquired considerable property in America. .Many years ago he was owner of a tract of land at Council Bluffs, Iowa. He sold 160 acres of this without his wife's signature to the deed, though she was still alive. That has remained a flaw on the title of the property to the present time. The parents of Walter C. Ranson were Thomas W. and Eliza Jane (Chisholm) Ranson. The former was born in England, and during early manhood had some experience in the English navy. He came to Cleveland when about twenty years of age. His wife was born in Nova Scotia and was brought to Cleveland at the age of seven years. Thomas W. Ranson died at Cleveland March 26, 1916, at the age of seventy-six and his wife passed away November 30, 1917, aged seventy-eight. They were married in Cleveland, and the father was for many years prominent in railroad work. At one time he was superintendent of motive power for the old C. C. & I. Railway before it was acquired by the Big Four System. He was also an employee of the Erie Railway. In 1872 he patented an air brake and put it on the market under the firm name of the Gardner & Ranson Air Brake. The rights were contested in an infringement suit brought by the Westinghouse people, and being defeated in a lower court Ranson and his partner never carried the matter to a higher tribunal and thus lost both the honor and the profits which would have been a proper reward to his genius. After leaving railroading he was engaged in the manufacture of artificial ice machinery, as a member of the Aretie Ice Machinery Company at Cleveland and Canton. He also had charge of The American Ice Company's plant at Baltimore and Washington. About eight years before his death he retired from business. He was affiliated with Iris Lodge No. 229, Free and Accepted Masons and of the Royal Arch Chapter. He and his wife had four sons, three of whom are still living : Albert V., of Pittsburgh ; Dr. Thomas W., of Cleveland ; Walter C.; and William T., who died at Cleveland when about twenty-five years of age. Walter C. Ranson spent most of his boyhood at Cleveland, attended public schools, and finished his education at Hornell, New York, where he graduated from his school in 1892. His business experience began as storekeeper for the Erie Railway at Hornell, where he remained four years. He then became a traveling salesman and represented different companies and different lines of goods for several years. His next employment was as secretary and treasurer of the Conneaut Ice Company at Pittsburgh, and from there he returned to 170 - CLEVELAND AND ITS ENVIRONS Cleveland in 1902. For several years he was connected with the Frisbie Company, a real estate firm, credited with the distinction of having put on the market the first modern allotment in the Cleveland district. Becoming dissatisfied with his business relations by that time Mr. Ranson left them and for a time was superintendent of erection in contracting for pipe work for a mill construction and pipe work company. Later he was salesman for The United States Mercantile Company, a rival of the Dun and Bradstreet mercantile agencies, and was manager of the Pittsburgh branch office. Returning to Cleveland in 1912 Mr. Ranson became local sales representative for The Schauffier Realty Company, and continued with that firm until 1913, when he and W. Louis Rose, a fellow employee of the Schauffier interests, established The R. & R. Realty Company with offices in the Park Building. Messrs. Ranson and Rose have been responsible for the organization of several companies, including also The R. R. & P. P. Company, the R. & R. Brokerage Company, the R. R. Home Building. Company, all of which have their offices in the Park Building. Mr. •Ranson is president of these organizations and Mr. Rose is secretary and treasurer. They have dealt exclusively in allotments, and have specialized in the development and marketing of the Five Points allotment, one of the most interesting residence district developments in the manufacturing regions around Cleveland. Mr. Ranson volunteered his services during the Spanish-American war, but was disqualified since he was eight pounds under the physical weight requirements of the Government. He was formerly a working member of the republican party but at present has no special interest in polities. He is unmarried and has never sought membership in any clubs or lodges. JOSEPH HERMAN WENNEMAN: One of the leading legal combinations of the City of Cleveland in the firm of Wenneman, Gates & Edgerton. The senior member of this concern, Joseph Herman Wenneman, has been engaged in practice at Cleveland for twenty-two years, and during this period has been engaged in much important litigation, particularly in the field of insurance and surety law and settlement of estates, although he also carries on a general practice. Mr. Wenneman has been identified with public affairs in various ways and is accounted one of the city's strong and forceful citizens. He is a native son of Cleveland and was born May 23, 1871, his parents being Henry C. and Anna (Hoff) Wenneman. Henry C. Wenneman, who was first a carpenter, later a grocer, and is now retired, was born in Westphalia, Germany, and was a young man when he came to the United States and located at Cleveland. Here he met and married Anna Hoff, who had been born in the Rhine Province, near Koblenz, Germany, and whose death occurred in May, 1912. The parents had three sons and one daughter, all of whom are now living, as follows : Peter J., who is the oldest and resides at West Park, Ohio, where he is engaged in business as a commission dealer; Joseph Herman, of this notice; John J., who is a carpenter contractor at Buffalo, New York; and Kate, who is now Mrs. Joseph M. Loehr, of Cleveland, and lives with her father at the old home here. All the children were born at Cleveland and were reared and received their educations in this city. Joseph Herman Wenneman first attended Saint Mary's Parochial School, and then enrolled as a student at Saint Ignatius College, on the West Side, Cleveland. He was the first real graduate of that institution, and, in fact, had he not coaxed a pupil friend during the last half of the year to prepare himself to graduate at the same time he would have been the only graduate of 1894. As it was, it made a graduating class of two. Mr. Wenneman was given the degree of bachelor of arts by Saint Ignatius that year, and after taking a post-graduate course was in 1895 given the degree of master of arts. While attending this college he also did triple duty by taking the law course at the Western Reserve University Law School, being graduated from that institution with the class of 1896, with the degree of bachelor of laws. He had been admitted to the bar of Ohio in 1895 and had commenced practice at Cleveland in June of that year. The greater part of his tuition fees at college were paid by Mr. Wenneman from funds he had earned in his youth while working at various iron trades and also in the wood cabinet maker works. During the first five months of his practice Mr. Wenneman remained without a partner. At the end of that time he formed an association with Herman Preusser, under the firm name of Preusser & Wenneman, with offices in the Beckman Building on Superior Avenue. This partnership remained in force until 1900, CLEVELAND AND ITS ENVIRONS - 171 when Mr. Wenneman again resumed individual practice, and continued by himself until the fall of 1904, with an office in the Williamson Building. Subsequently he formed a partnership with Charter Oak Mc-Cray, under the firm style of Wenneman & McCray, with offices still in the Williamson Building, and their partnership continued for three years, or until 1908. Mr. Wenneman then again took up individual practice, moving his office to the Citizens Building and continued alone until February, 1911, when he became associated with Clement L. Gates and Arthur 11. Edgerton in the firm of Wenneman, Gates and Edgerton. The offices of this, the present firm, were originally in the Citizens Building, but when the now Marshall Building was erected, on the Public Square, the concern moved to that structure, where the members occupy suite No. 604-607. In 1897 Mr. Wenneman was admitted to practice in the Federal courts and before the Department of the Interior. He has made a particularly profound study of insurance and surety law, and of the settlement of estates, and also carries on general practice. He has acted as general agent for various surety and casualty companies. His identification with various organizations of the city includes membership in the Cleveland Law Library Association, the Cleveland Bar Association and the Cleveland Chamber of Industry. He is also a member of the building committees of Saint John's Hospital and Saint Stephen's Auditorium and School; and belongs to the Catholic Mutual Benefit Association, in which he was grand deputy of Ohio; the Loyal Order of Moose ; and the alumni association of the Western Reserve University Law School, of which he was president in 1912 and 1913. He maintains an independent stand upon political questions of the day, although until about 1902 he was very active in politics. With his family he belongs to Saint Mary's Church, Berea, Ohio. Mr. Wenneman was married April 12, 1899, to Miss. Augusta. C. Sellers, of Cleveland, daughter of Theodore and Margaret Sellers, the former of whom resides at North Olmsted, while the. latter died in 1913. Mr. and Mrs. Wenneman are the parents of two sons : Joseph Anthony and William Henry, both of whom are students at the Strongsville High School. The Wenneman family reside in a pleasant home at Strongsville, which is situated about sixteen miles from the Public Square, Cleveland. FRANCIS L. STEVENS. Prominent among the representatives of the legal profession of Cleveland is Francis L. Stevens, whose career has been a somewhat remarkable one. The common, every-day man, engrossed in the business avocation which brings him his daily sustenance, is representative, perhaps, of the nation's citizenship. This is the normal type, and his life begins and ends, in many eases, with nothing more distinctive than is the ripple on the stream when the pebble is thrown into the water. It is the unusual type that commands attention and it is his influence exerted on his community and the record of his life that are interesting and valuable as matters of biography. In the professions, and especially in the law, the opportunities for usefulness and personal advancement depend almost entirely upon this unusually-gifted individual, and here natural endowment is as essential as is thorough preparation. The bar of Cleveland has its full quota of brilliant men, and one of its foremost members is Mr. Stevens. Francis L. Stevens was born at Alvinston, Ontario, Canada, April 5, 1877, and is a son of Elijah and Louise J. (Oke) Stevens. His father was born at Nilestown, near London, Ontario, and spent his boyhood there, while his mother was born at Whitby, Ontario. They met and were married at Alvinston, where the father was engaged in the bakery and confectionary business, but subsequently went to Wallaceburgh, Ontario, and May 9, 1899, came to the United States and located at Lorain, Ohio, where Elijah Stevens also followed the bakery and confectionery business. About the year 1907 they came to Cleveland, where Mr. Stevens was employed by the George Worthington Company, a wholesale hardware concern, until his death, which occurred February 19, 1916. Mrs. Stevens still survives her husband and is a resident of Cleveland. Mr. Stevens was widely known in fraternal circles of the city, being a member of King Solomon Lodge, Ancient Free and Accepted Masons, Elyria; Elyria Chapter, Royal Arch Masons ; Elyria Council, Royal and Select Masons; Holy Rood Commandery, Knights Templars, Cleveland; Lake Erie Consistory, Select Royal Masons; and Al Koran Temple, Ancient Arabic Order of the Nobles of the Mystic 172 - CLEVELAND AND ITS ENVIRONS Shrine, Cleveland; Cleveland Chapter, Order of the Eastern Star; Suydenham V alley Lodge No. 120, Independent Order of Odd Fellows, Wallaceburgh, Ontario, and the Encampment of that order at the same place; the Independent Order of Foresters; the Canadian Order of Foresters; the Ancient Order of United Workmen; the Canadian Order Woodmen of the World; and Rokeby Lodge No. 19, Knights of Pythias, of Wallaeeburgh. He was very active in religious work and a helpful member of the Peoples Methodist Episcopal Church of Cleveland. Francis L. Stevens, his parents' only child, attended the graded schools of Alvinston and the high school at Wallaceburgh, Ontario, where he was graduated in the class of June, 1894. After going to Lorain, Ohio, he learned the machinists's trade, at which he worked for nine years, holding a stationary engineer's license and working at various places all over the country. Finally he took a position as foreman in one of the Erie shops, and it was while he was thus engaged that he became interested in the law and decided to enter upon its practice. He was compelled to work and to support a wife and three children, but despite this fact he not only graduated from the law department of Baldwin-Wallace College, but was one of the honorary members of the graduating class of 1911. He commenced practice at once; even before hearing that he had successfully passed the examination before the Supreme Court, and from that time to the present has been in the enjoyment of a constantly-growing clientele. He carries on a general practice, being equally familiar with the various branches of his profession, and maintains offices in suite No. 1126-29, Williamson Building. His success in his profession has been remarkable and he enjoys the esteem and friendship of his fellow practitioners and his fellow members in the various orders of the law with which he is conneeted. Like his father, Mr. Stevens has been greatly interested in fraternal orders and their work. He is now a member of Euclid Lodge No. 599, Free and Accepted Masons; Garrett Chapter, Royal Arch Masons, Garrett, Indiana; Apollo Commandery, Knights Templars, Kendallville, Indiana; and Garrett Chapter, Order of the Eastern Star ; Anchor Lodge No. 908, Independent Order of Odd Fellows, Cleveland ; Holman Lodge No. 699, Knights of Pythias, of Lorain, Ohio, and several insurance orders. He has been twice noble grand of Anchor Lodge of Odd Fellows, and has the distinction of having presided at the largest meeting of any one lodge ever held in Ohio, this being December 19, 1912, at a special meeting of Anchor Lodge to confer the third degree upon fifty-seven candidates. Politically Mr. Stevens is a republican. With his wife and children he belongs to Calvary Evangelical Church of Cleveland. Mr. Stevens is so much of a home man that this may be said to be his hobby, but this must be shared with a love for mechanics, which he has retained since his youth. Mr. Stevens was married at Lorain, Ohio, March 26, 1902, to Miss Loreetha E. McCleary, of that city, daughter of Clayton A. and Henrietta (Holmes) M.eCleary, the for-. mer of whom died when Mrs. Stevens was about two years old. Mr. and Mrs. McCleary came from Harrison County, Ohio, where they lived in the vicinity of Cadiz, and the former's people traced their ancestry back to the.Mayflower band, while the latter's earliest ancestor in America came about ten years after the arrival of that ship. Mrs. Stevens was educated at Science Hill School, near Cadiz, and graduated in elecution from Franklin College. She belongs to the Order of the Eastern Star, the Rebekahs and the Pythian Sisters, and is widely known in religious and club circles of Cleveland. Mrs. Stevens is descended from the same common ancestry as was President Lincoln, both being descendants from Obediah Holmes, who came to America in 1638. Among his ten children were Lydia, from whom President Lincoln descended, and Jonathan, Mrs. Stevens' ancestor. Her ancestry to Jonathan Holmes runs through the male line with the exception of her mother. Mrs. McCleary still survives and is making her home at Columbus, Ohio,. with her eldest daughter. To Mr. and Mrs. Stevens the following children have been born : Harold L., born March 8, 1905, at Garrett, Indiana; Waldo Holmes, born March 29, 1907, at Columbus, Ohio; Clayton Perrine, born August 8, 1910, at Cleveland ; and one child who died in infancy. CHARLES BRENNER has been a prominent figure in Cuyahoga County politics for many years. He evidently has a natural bent for politics, and while he has had some large business interests he enjoys the association with men and affairs that finds its chief opportunity in public life. Mr. Brenner was born in Cleveland, Octo- CLEVELAND AND ITS ENVIRONS - 173 ber 8, 1865, a son of Charles F. and Sophia (Deuringer) Brenner. Both parents were born in Germany, the father in Hesse Darmstadt and the mother in Barberie. They met and married at Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, both having come to this country when young people. Grandmother Deuringer lived in Cuyahoga County and was buried in the old Erie Street cemetery in 1867. Grandfather Brenner died at Dover in Cuyahoga County, twelve miles from Cleveland, in 1870 and is laid to rest with a number of other early pioneers in the private cemetery known as Clemens cemetery at Dover. Charles F. Brenner was reared and educated in the old country and came with his family when a youth to America, making the voyage in an old fashioned sailing vessel that was seven weeks on the sea. For a time they lived in Philadelphia and in 1849 came to Cuyahoga County. Charles F. Brenner was born Only 22, 1830. He was a man of genial disposition and had hosts of friends all over Cuyahoga County. When referring to his family he was fond of saying that he had five boys and each boy had a sister. This riddle being interpreted meant that he had five sons and one daughter. Charles F. Brenner was one of the early day tavern keepers and saloon men. His trade was hat making, which he had learned in Philadelphia. At Dover in this county he kept a hotel and saloon known as the Harvest Home. It was located on the old highway between Cleveland and Lorain, and was one of the three noted public houses of that thoroughfare. The other was old Grant House near Bell Avenue on Detroit Street, and the third was the Silverthorn Hotel, which only recently was torn down. Harvest Home is still doing business and is under the old name, its present proprietor being Henry Wolf. The Harvest Home in early days was kept open all night, frequented by travelers along the thoroughfare. A stable was also maintained for the keeping and feeding of horses. In connection with the hotel Charles F. Brenner conducted a farm of fifty acres. His place was famous for smoked sturgeon, which he 'bought fresh and cured by his own recipe. This old property the family later traded for city property in Cleveland. Charles F. Brenner was an active Mason and his funeral when he died about thirty years ago was conducted with the rights of that order. He belonged to Concordia Lodge, F. and A. M., and was also affiliated with the Independent Order of Odd Fellows, and wore the pins and insignia of both orders. At the time of the Civil war he was a young man and enlisted as a private in the Seventh New York Infantry, coming out with the rank of second lieutenant. He was all through the struggle and was a brave and gallant soldier. Nevertheless, he was an ardent democrat, and at the time of the Tilden campaign in 1876 he raised a hickory pole at Dover. His death occurred at the age of sixty-four. His widow, is still living at Lakewood with her daughter and was eighty-one years of age. in April, 1917. The third oldest son, Louis, went to New York City, where he made a fortune in the paint business on Seventeenth Street, near Fifth Avenue, and died there in 1912. The son George is living retired at Cleveland. Fred has spent most of his life as a traveler, and 'is now on the police force at Pueblo, Colorado. William was an active member of the Cleveland police force seventeen years and for the past five years has been employed in the Detective Bureau. The only daughter, Lillie is Mrs. H. J. McNeill, of Lakewood. All the children were educated in the public schools of Dover. Mr. Charles Brenner graduated from the Dover public schools and also attended the old Spencerian College when it was in the Harrington Block at the corner of Superior Street. From school he entered the service of the American Spring Company on Water Street, was with them three years, and then took up the study of law with Judge J. C. Bloch. Associated with Judge Bloch were several other prominent lawyers, Senator William T. Clark, Charles Snider, later a county prosecuting attorney, and Senator John P. Green. These lawyers had their offices at what was then 242 Superior Street. Mr. Brenner continued reading law with Judge Bloch about 31/2 years, but never sought admission to the bar. For a time he served as captain of Central Viaduct under the late Mayor McKesson, and for four years was associated with John Francisco in a private detective agency. He served as constable under Senator J. C. Poe, and for a number of years has been a constable or justice of the peace. In 1916 he was a candidate on the republican ticket for the Legislature, and while he ran about fifteen hundred votes ahead of his ticket went down to defeat with all the other republican candidates of the county in that year. For eight years Mr. Brenner was justice of the peace of the City of Lakewood, but after the death of his CLEVELAND AND ITS ENVIRONS - 175 wife he moved to Brooklyn and since January 1, 1917, has been justice of the peace of that township. His offices are at 203 Superior Building in Cleveland. Mr. Brenner is a member of the Tippecanoe Club, Lakewood Lodge of Knights of Pythias; Loyal Order of Moose, Deutscher Club, Lakewood Chamber of Commerce; also a member of the Nei-Surprise Literary Society and the Cuyahoga County Old Settlers' Association, and twenty-five years ago was a member of the military organization known as Company A, commanded by Mr. Francisco. August 26, 1886, Mr. Brenner married Miss Agnes H. Crabb, of Cleveland, daughter of Dr. Charles Crabb, a veterinary surgeon. Doctor Crabb was an Englishman and his wife, Agnes (Higginson) Crabb, was Scotch. They were married at London, Ontario, and came to Cleveland in early days. Mrs. Brenner was born and educated in Cleveland, and became very prominent in school affairs and in school elections in the east end of Cleve-. land and was also well known socially. Her death occurred at Lakewood February 22, 1916. There were two children. William F. is a traveling man in the newspaper advertising business. Charles G. is one of the younger generation of substantial lawyers of Cleveland, has a fine practice with offices in the Society for Savings Building, and is a graduate of Cleveland Law School of Baldwin-Wallace College with the degree LL. B. Both sons are graduates of the Lakewood High School. Mr. Brenner is associated with C. W. Schaefer in the ownership of twenty-five hundred acres of land in Florida between the Everglades and Palm Beach. They are planning the development of this tract for agricultural purposes. Mr. Brenner also does considerable buying and selling of city real estate. HARRY LORENZO VAIL'S membership in the Cleveland bar runs back thirty years, though his appearance in court as an attorney and his activities in the routine of the law have been steadily diminishing in recent years, business interests and other lines of work having claimed the greater share of his attention. Mr. Vail was born at Cleveland October 11, 1860, and is the son of a former well known Cleveland citizen who gave up his life as a sacrifice to the Union cause during the Civil war, and the military record of the family is likely to be added to since Mr. Vail's son is now in the new National Army. His father Judge Isaac Carpenter Vail was presiding judge of the Cleveland Police Court from 1858 to 1860. Early in the Civil war he became captain of the One Hundred and Third Regiment Ohio Volunteer Infantry and while in service he died at Danville, Kentucky, August 10, 1863. Captain Vail married Clara Barbara Van Husen, who is still living, a resident of Delaware, Ohio. Harry L. Vail acquired a liberal education, at first in the public schools of Cleveland, and was graduated from Ohio Wesleyan University at Delaware with the degree B. A. in 1879 when only nineteen years of age. In Cleveland he had attended the Brownell Street School and the Central High School. After leaving college he spent a year on the literary staff of a company engaged in the publication of county histories. In November 1880 he took a position on the city staff of the old Cleveland Herald, and was with that paper 2 1/2 years. He was also city editor for the Cleveland Sunday Voice and correspondent to the Cincinnati Enquirer. At one time he was managing editor of the Times. In the intervals of his reporting and editorial career he studied law and began practice in 1888, though he had been admitted to the bar in 1884. During the last twenty years his principal time has been given to looking after real estate matters and to various public and business positions. His office is in the Citizens Building. Mr. Vail is a director of The Lanmer Land Company, vice president of The Warner Realty Company, and member of the advisory committee of The Citizens Savings & Trust Company. He has long been active politically in the republican party and has filled several offices of trust. From 1894 to 1900 he was clerk of Court of Common Pleas and Circuit courts; was county commissioner from 1904 to 1913, and in 1917 was appointed a member of the mayor's advisory war committee. He still retains his membership in the Cleveland Bar Association, the Ohio State Bar Association, is affiliated with the Knights of Pythias, and both he and his wife are active in social affairs. They are members of the Country Club, and Mr. Vail belongs to the Union Club, City Club, Civic League, is a thirty-second degree .Scottish Rite Mason and member of Holyrood Commandery of Knights Templars and also belongs to the Loyal Legion. He and his wife are members of Grace Episcopal Church Club. September 18, 1894, at Philadelphia Mr. CLEVELAND AND ITS ENVIRONS - 171 Vail married Miss Sarah Augusta Wickham. She was born and educated at Red Wing, Minnesota. Mrs. Vail is a trustee of the Huron Road Hospital, a member of the finance committee of the Young Women's Christian Association, president of the Cleveland Art Association and has done much in the cause of the Red Cross. Mr. and Mrs. Vail's only child is Herman Lansing Vail, who was born at Cleveland July 6, 1895. He is a graduate of the University School of Cleveland and in 1917 was awarded his bachelor of arts degree from Princeton University. From university he entered at once into the National Army and is now a second lieutenant of the Three Hundred and Thirty-second Regiment of Infantry. ROLAND A. BASKIN has had a creditable career as a Cleveland lawyer for the past seven years, and is now handling a large general practice alone, with offices in the Williamson Building. Though most of his life has been spent in Cleveland he was born at Hillsboro in Highland County, Ohio, December 21, 1885, a son of Frank S. and Ida S. (Cluxton) Baskin. His parents both reside at Cleveland Heights. Frank S. Baskin has spent his active career in the furniture 'business. For a number of years he was in charge of the Cleveland branch of the American Seating Company of Chicago, but for the past twelve years has been in business for himself and is president of the Cleveland Seating Company, manufacturers of opera chairs, church and school furniture. The family have lived in Cleveland for twenty years. The three children are Rdland A., Wanita and Kenneth S. The daughter is a graduate of the Central High School and is an artist by profession. Roland A. Baskin after graduating from the Central High School in 1906 went to work for the National Acme Manufacturing Company. At the same time he studied law privately and at the end of one yaer he gave up his position and concentrated all his time and energies upon his studies in the Western Reserve Law School. Three years later, in 1910, he was graduated LL. B. and admitted to the :bar the 24th of June of that year. Mr. Baskin entered practice alone with offices in the Cleveland Building, but after two years shared offices with Judge J. M. Shallenberger and continued with him about three years, looking after his own private practice and also some of the law work of the judge. His Vol. II-12 only partnership association was with Mr. George R. iNIcKay, under the firm name of McKay & Baskin, with offices in the Rockefeller Building. Later Francis W. Poulson became a member of the firm, but on January 1, 1917, Mr. Baskin withdrew and handles the affairs of a large and important elientage. Besides his regular practice he is secretary and director of the Cleveland Seating Company, secretary and director of the Hercules Pressed Metal Company, and is officially interested in several other companies. Mr. Baskin is an active democrat, and a member of the Tom Johnson Club.. He is a member of the Cleveland Bar Association, the Young Men's Business Club, the Cleveland Heights Lodge, Free and Accepted Masons, and the Young Men's Christian Association. His church membership is with the East End Baptist Church. He is a member of the Alpha Tau Omega Fraternity, and among sports his favorite diversion is hand ball. March 15, 1915, Mr. Baskin married Miss Frances May Schwoer, of Cleveland. She was born in Indianapolis, is a graduate of the Central High School of Cleveland and also attended Vassar College.. Mrs. Baskin is an accomplished musician, both vocal and instrumental. Her parents, Frank C. and Julia May (Miller) Schwoer, both reside in Cleveland. Mr. and Mrs. Baskin's child, John Roland, was born at Cleveland December 23, 1916. ROBERT D. MORGAN has been in the active practice of law at Cleveland for ten years, and is now senior member of the firm Morgan & Keenan, with offices in the Guardian Building. His associate is Joseph B. Keenan. He was formerly in practice with the late P. J. Brady under the firm name of Brady, Dowling and Morgan. Mr. Morgan was born at Cleveland, October 26, 1879, a son of Robert and Catherine Morgan. His parents were married .in Brooklyn, New York, and have lived in Cleveland for over fifty years. Mr. Morgan attended the public schools of Cleveland, including the Central High School, and in the intervals of other work afterwards acquired the privilege of a liberal education. For seven years he was in railroad work with the New York, Chicago & St. Louis Railway, part of the time in the general freight department of Cleveland and afterwards at Milwaukee and Chicago. While in Milwaukee he attended the Milwaukee Medical College, but gave up his idea of a 176 - CLEVELAND AND ITS ENVIRONS medical profession. He graduated LL. B. from the Cleveland Law School of the Baldwin-Wallace University, and has also taken other courses in the Western Reserve University. He was admitted to the Ohio bar in December, 1905, and has since been admitted to practice in the Federal courts. During 1906-07 he was private secretary to the United States judges of the Northern District of Ohio, especially under Hon. Robert W. Tayler. Early in 1907 he began private practice. Mr. Morgan is attorney for the Royal Indemnity Company. He is a member of the Cleveland Bar Association, the Ohio State Bar Association, the Cleveland Chamber of Commerce, is an active republican, and a charter member of the Delta Phi Delta Legal Fraternity and a member of the Delta Theta Phi, also a legal fraternity. He belongs to Gilmour Council of the Knights of Columbus, the Cleveland Athletic Club, and is secretary of the Leonarda Memorial Association of St. Alexis Hospital. His favorite recreations are hunting and fishing and automobiling. At Cleveland, December 31, 1904, Mr. Morgan married Margaret Taylor Silsby, daughter of the late Frederick L. Silsby. Her parents were both born in Cuyahoga County of pioneer families, and her mother is still living. Mr. and Mrs. Morgan have five children : Eudore Olwen Morgan, Catherine Gertrude Morgan, Mary Olivia Morgan, Robert Tayler Morgan (named after the late Judge Tayler), and Margaret Silsby Morgan. W. LOUIS ROSE. For several years Mr. Rose has enjoyed a most successful position among Cleveland's real estate men, and his business headquarters are in the Park Building on the Public Square. He is secretary-treasurer of the R. & R. Realty Company, the R. R. & P. P. Company, the R. & R. Brokerage Company, and the R. & R. Home Building Company, all of which are located in the Park Building. Mr. Rose has had a most interesting business career, one in which vicissitudes have numbered frequently, and it is only within recent years that his bark has entered into the full tide of success. He was born in South Saginaw, Michigan, February 25, 1870, a son of William A. and Sarah Elizabeth (Francis) Rose. His father was born in England, and came to America when about nine years of age, spending eight weeks on a sailing vessel in crossing the ocean. His mother was born at Pontiac, Michigan, the daughter of Erastus Francis, one of the earliest settlers of Oakland County. William A. Rose was for more than fifty years in business for himself at Saginaw as a merchant in meats and groceries. For about ten years he and his wife have lived retired at Cheboygan, Michigan, and their home was the scene of a delightful celebration on May 31, 1914, when all of their children and most all of their grandchildren surrounded them upon the occasion of the fiftieth anniversary of their wedding. All of their five children are living: Albert L., of Kalamazoo, Michigan ; W. Louis ; Phila, wife of John Tuke of Cheboygan, Michigan ; Ernest E. of Winnipeg, Canada, and Olive Ruth, wife of Charles Snowden, of Detroit, Michigan. Mr. Rose received most of his early education in the public schools of Saginaw, and he also attended the International Business College there. After leaving school he spent six months with the firm of A. Linton & Sons in the lumber and planing mill business, and then for three years worked for Eastman, Wilhelm & McArthur, lumbering operators and vessel owners at Saginaw. He left this concern to enter the East Saginaw National Bank, where he remained as its head bookkeeper for about one year until its liquidation. He was then engaged on temporary work as bookkeeper and teller in the People's Savings Bank. When this bank work was finished, he left Saginaw and went to Milwaukee, Wisconsin, where he entered the employ of the Hoffmann & Billings Manufacturing Company, first about the pattern department and foundries and was then commissioned to install and operate a cost department covering their production of steam fitters and plumbers brass goods and Corliss engines, and was subsequently made factory office manager. He remained with this company about three years and left there to become assistant to the manager of the Filer & Stowell Pump Company, then being organized as a department of the Filer & Stowell Company. The Pump Company manufactured steam and power pumps of the Knowles and Blake type, and built a number of special design for heavy duty and special service. After about a year the Pump Company was absorbed by the Filer & Stowell Company, and Mr. Rose left and went to Chicago. Here he entered the employ of the Weber Wagon Company as its purchasing agent, in which capacity he remained for about four years, leaving there to accept a position as assistant manager of the supplies CLEVELAND AND ITS ENVIRONS - 177 department of Armour & Company, where he remained about three years. Mr. Rose is a man of more than ordinary mechanical ingenuity, and out of his varied experience brought out a number of inventions, among which was a flash-boiler automobile with automatic control, designed to use superheated steam in a Brady turbine engine as motive power, to be sold at a low price, as such automobiles as were built at that time were very expensive. The equipment was broadly new, requiring extended experiment and almost unnumbered difficulties occurred in securing suitable material, so that after about three years in time and several thousand dollars in cash had been expended in perfecting the equipment, the gasoline engine had been developed to a degree where it had definitely supplanted steam as the motive power for automobiles, and his invention arrived too late to be utilized. Mr. Rose then removed to Cleveland in 1903, and invented and manufactured the Rose scientific water heater. These heaters were designed for using natural gas as fuel and were developed for supplying individual hot water heating plants for terraces and apartments, and were the first of this type of equipment to be used in Cleveland. Having put all of his money into the automobile development it became necessary to take in some partners in order to finance this business, which he did. The business did well, until a series of serious losses occurred by reason of the breaking of sheet metal radiators, many of which had been installed, and the financial strength of the business being insufficient it became necessary to cease business. Some time after organizing the heater business, Mr. Rose took a partner and established a brass goods manufacturing business. This made excellent progress until about the time the heater business experienced its difficulties when internal troubles developed that made the continuance of the business impossible. Mr. Rose then engaged in the sale of moving picture machines and supplies and the manufacture of moving picture machine parts, electrical devices, stereopticons and slides. He continued this business about three years with ordinary success. He then bought an interest in and became secretary of a company manufacturing an adjustable blade propeller for boats, but after one year the business did not appeal to him, and he resigned his position and sold his stock to enter the real estate field. Mr. Rose determined that in entering the real estate line he would specialize in industrial property. He thereupon engaged with Louis J. Lee, the well known specialist in this line, with whom he remained about one year, leaving there at the time of the incorporation of the Schauffier Realty Company—becoming its secretary and treasurer. Mr. Rose remained in this company for about four years, devoting all of his time to handling and developing industrial properties, and during which time and since he was instrumental in bringing to Cleveland from other cities many of its present representative industries. Mr. Rose is considered one of the best industrial property men in Cleveland, and is often spoken of as "The little man who puts across the big deals." Mr. Rose and Mr. Schauffier were both firm believers in progressive advertising and they did much in a practical manner to advance the interests ' of Cleveland as well as their own. While yet in the Schauffier Realty Company, Mr. Rose became acquainted with Mr. W. C. Ranson, who came into the organization, and about two years ago, Mr. Rose and Mr. Ranson left the Schauffier Company and engaged in the allotment branch of the real estate business. Their experience along industrial lines well fitted them for making a wise selection of property to be developed for the homes of working men. They purchased a large tract of some of the most valuable land in the Five Points industrial district, which in the last two years has had the most rapid growth of any section of Cleveland, and they today have the most conspicuous moderate price home allotment in the city, and it is being rapidly built up with homes of this character. This allotment is furnishing one important solution of the great problem which is now employing the attention of experts and the Government in furnishing proper housing facilities for industrial workers with ready access to the great industries where the residents are employed. Many unique features attended the development, advertising and sale of this property. All of Mr. Rose's other business activities are along real estate lines as the names of his companies indicate. Mr. Rose has been a Master Mason for twenty-six years. Outside of business and home his vital interests are centered in church, 178 - CLEVELAND AND ITS ENVIRONS Sabbath school and temperance work. He and his family are members of the South Brooklyn United Presbyterian Church, of which he is ruling elder and superintendent of the Sabbath school. Mr. Rose led the temperance forces of his portion of the city during the three campaigns to make Ohio dry, and is an enthusiastic supporter of universal prohibition. He and his family reside at 3814 Revere Court at -Brookside Park. On June 26, 1894, he married Miss Edith Paine of Milwaukee, Wisconsin, where she was born and educated. Her father, Dr. Edward R. Paine was a well known banker and business man of Milwaukee many years, where he died in 1894. Her mother, Laura S. (Senter) Paine died at Milwaukee in 1916. Mr. and Mrs. Rose have three children, all living, two sons and one daughter, who were born in Chicago, but have been educated in the Cleveland Public SchoOls. Edward Paine Rose, the oldest, volunteered in the national army, and is now stationed at the base hospital at Camp Lewis; Washington. The two younger children still at home are Phila Eleanor and Willard Kenneth. ROBERT HUNTER MCKAY is a young Cleveland lawyer of a family largely devoted to the legal profession, and in a comparatively brief period has reached a substantial position in the law and has numerous influential connections with business affairs and corporations. Mr. McKay was born at Cleveland October 29, 1884, a son of Robert and Agness (Hunter) McKay. His father was for many years active as a mechanical engineer. The son was liberally educated, attending the South High School, the Spencerian Business College, Adelbert College of Western Reserve, also the Ohio State University and finished his university career at Yale College. On beginning practice he was 'associated with the law firm of George R. and Robert H. McKay, and later was in practice with David R. Rothkopf under the firm name of McKay and Rothkopf. He is now in partnership with George H. Burrows, with offices in the Guardian Building. Mr. McKay is a member in good standing of the Cleveland Bar Association and the Law Library Association of Cleveland. He is connected as a legal adviser or in executive capacities with the following companies : The Information Company, secretary and director; the M. K. Patent Development Company, secretary and director; the Western Reserve Adjustment Company, director and legal adviser; the American Remedies Company, and the Reserve Coal and Timber Company, director; the Doty-McKay Company, diTector and president; the Cleveland Sales Company, director; and the Huston Brick & Clay Company, director and treasurer. Mr. McKay resides in the Village of Berea, and from 1914 to 1916 was village solicitor. He is a republican, and is affiliated with the Knights of Pythias, Woodward Lodge, Free and Accepted Masons, McKinley Chapter, Royal Arch Masons, Benevolent and Protective Order of Elks, Yale Masonic Club, and is a member of the Alpha Tau Omega, Theta Nu Epsilon and the Phi Alpha Delta of Yale and also the Book and Gavel Society of Yale. Other social connections are with the Three K Club, Western Reserve Kennel Club, and Cleveland French Bull Dog Club. Mr. McKay is a member of the Disciples Church. At Cleveland April 26, 1910, he married Jessie K. Jones. They have one son, Hunter J. McKay. ARTHUR ADELBERT STEARNS is senior member of the firm Stearns, Chamberlain & Royon in the Williamson Building. This is one of the most important law firms in Ohio, and besides his work as a practicing lawyer Mr. Stearns' reputation is also widely extended through his long service as a law educator and as a legal author. He was born at North Olmsted, Cuyahoga County, a son of Edmund and Anna (Marsh) Stearns. He acquired a liberal education, graduating A. B. from Buchtel College with the class of 1879. That institution, now a part of the Akron Municipal University, conferred upon him the degree M. A. in 1883 and LL. D. in 1908. Mr. Stearns took his law course in the Harvard Law School, completing it in 1882. He was admitted to the Ohio bar in 1882 and has since been in active practice at Cleveland. From 1884 to 1890 he was associated with Herman A. Kelley in the firm of Stearns & and for the past fifteen years has been associated with John A. Chamberlain. The firm of Stearns & Chamberlain was subsequently enlarged by the admission of William F. Carr and Joseph C. Royon. Mr. Carr died in September, 1909, leaving the firm in its present form is Stearns, Chamberlain & Royon. Besides the three principal partners other lawyers are associated with the firm. CLEVELAND AND ITS ENVIRONS - 179 Throughout his long career in the law Mr. Stearns has constantly cultivated the highest ideals and ethics of the profession, and has been devoted to its welfare. For a period of ten years, from 1894 to 1904, he was professor of the law of suretyship and mortgages and of bills and notes in the Western Reserve University Law School. He has contributed many articles to the Western Reserve Law Journal and other legal publications and is author of a treatise on the "Law of Suretyship" and of "Annotated Cases in Suretyship." Both widely used in law schools. The "Encyclopedia of Law and Procedure" contains a chapter on the "Law of Indemnity" by him. Outside of his profession Mr. Stearns has sought none of the many honors open to the able lawyer. He was for many years secretary and in 1907 was president of the Cleveland Bar Association. In May, 1908, the Municipal Traction Company chose him as its representative in the arbitration of the Cleveland street car strike. The institution to which he has given his time liberally is Buchtel College, his alma mater, which he served eighteen years as a trustee, and during 188788 was its financial agent. Since 1914 Mr. Stearns has been a member of the Cleveland Public Library Board. His chief recreation is travel, and he made seventeen trips to Europe before the war, covering practically every point of interest in Europe. He is a republican in politics, a member of the Union Club, Country Club, University Club, and the Cleveland Chamber of Commerce. He has three children, Elliott E., Helen H. and Dorothy D. The son Elliott has also taken up the law as a profession and is associated with his father. CLYDE R. CUMMINS is president and owner of The C. R. Cummins Company, general railroad contractors, with offices and headquarters in the Leader-News Building at Cleveland, but with an operating service that covers several .states, though chiefly in Ohio. Mr. Cummins has been identified with railroad construction practically since he was a boy, and has been an independent contractor almost continuously since he reached his majority. He has handled contracts involving the expenditure of many millions of dollars for the Pennsylvania and other large railway corporations and his business record is a highly creditable performance for a man still under forty. The C. R. Cummins Company enjoys at least one enviable and enjoyable distinction of being the largest Ohio incorporated company doing business in this class of work. Mr. Cummins is a native of Ohio, born at Wellsville August 16, 1881, son of Charles B. and Emma (Riggs) Curiamins. His father; who was born at Massillon, Ohio, went through. the Civil war as a private soldier in the Thirteenth Ohio Regiment, and practically fought from the beginning to the end of that great struggle. After the war for a period of thirty-five years he was a bridge engineer and engaged in construction work for the Pennsylvania Railway. Clyde R. Cummins was educated in the Wellsville public schools and when about eighteen years of age gained his first experience in railway construction. As an independent contractor he has built many miles of railroad in Ohio and also in Indiana and Illinois. At the present time the company has sixteen contracts for railroads under construction. The company has in course of construction eight miles of new line for the Wheeling & Lake Erie, is double tracking twenty-nine miles on one division of the Pennsylvania, and is also building all the passing tracks on one of the divisions of the Pennsylvania lines in Ohio. The company has its forces at work on five different divisions of the Pennsylvania lines. The C. R. Cummins Company was incorporated in 1913. Its first headquarters being in Chicago, from where they were moved to Cleveland, with branch offices elsewhere in Ohio. Among other contracts Mr. Cummins is constructing a large engine house at Sandusky for the Pennsylvania, and in the past and today most of his business has originated with the Pennsylvania and the Wheeling & Lake Erie Railways. The operations of more than 1,000 men are controlled and directed through the main office of the company at Cleveland. It is significant that Mr. Cummins counts his chief recreation and pleasure as railroad contracting and his earnestness and enthusiasm in the business have undoubtedly been primarily responsible for the signal success he has won. As minor recreations he acknowledges an interest in motoring and baseball. He is a republican in politics, and is both a York and Scottish Rite Mason. He has affiliations with the Scottish Rite Consistory and Shrine at Fort Wayne, Indiana, where he lived in 1913, is a member of the Knights Templar Commandery at Wabash, Indiana, and is 180 - CLEVELAND AND ITS ENVIRONS affiliated with the Benevolent and Protective Order of Elks at Greencastle, Indiana. He is also a member of the Cleveland Automobile Club, the Clifton Club at Lakewood and the Cleveland Athletic Club: Mr. Cummins and family reside on Erie Cliff Drive in Lakewood. July 9, 1906, at Chicago, he married Miss Mary A. Evans. She was born and educated in Indianapolis, where her mother, Mrs. Lillian B. Evans, still resides. Two children have been born to their marriage, John Thomas, born at Indianapolis, and James Evans, born at Cleveland. CLARENCE ROBERT BISSELL has been a member of the Cleveland bar twenty years and has always given his time and energies to the handling of a large private practice without participation in politics save as a public spirited citizen. Mr. Bissell, who was born at Aurora in Portage County, Ohio, August 10, 1873, represents some prominent pioneer families of Northern Ohio. He is a son of Calvin and Sarah A. (Oviatt) Bissell, both of whom were born at Aurora and were married there in 1863 The father is now a retired farmer at Aurora and the mother died January 26, 1907. This branch of the Bissell family traces its ancestry back to John Bissell who came from England in 1628 and settled at Windsor, Connecticut. The great-grandfather of the Cleveland lawyer was Robert Bissell, who came from Middlefield, Massachusetts, and settled at Aurora in Portage County in 1806. Mr. Bissell now owns a fifty-acre farm at Aurora that came into the family ninety years ago, and was settled and developed by his ancestors. One son of Robert Bissell and a great-uncle of Clarence R. Bissell was the noted Rev. Samuel Bissell, who graduated from Yale College in 1823 and in 1828 established his home at Twinsburg in Summit County, where he began preaching and where he also laid the plans for the establishment of an academy. He fitted up a rude log cabin for the residence of his young disciples in learning and made a blacksmith shop into an academy building. That was the founding of the famous Twinsburg Academy, which developed into a modern college with 300 students during the next forty years. About the time of the Civil war the Twinsburg institution suffered a decline, but its founder refused to give up the great cause in which he had embarked. In 1866, at the age of seventy years, he erected a new stone building literally with his own hands, and after a time had the satisfaction of seeing the usefulness of his institution restored. During its existence it is estimated that the Twinsburg Institute educated fully 6,000 students, among whom were more than 200 Indians. Bev. Samuel Bissell died in 1895, at the venerable age of ninety-eight years. Many noted citizens of Cleveland and elsewhere credit that institution with their early education and many influences that shaped their lives. Clarence R. Bissell in the maternal line is a grandson of Silas Oviatt, who was also a pioneer in Ohio, coming from Massachusetts, Silas' grandfather had fought as a soldier in the Revolutionary war. One brother of Clarence R. Bissell died in infancy. His brother W. D. Bissell is a dentist at East Cleveland and his only sister is Mrs. Estella B. Judd, of Cleveland. All these children were born at Aurora. Clarence R. Bissell was educated in the public schools of his native town, graduated Ph. B. from Hiram College in 1894, and for two years was A teacher, one year in the grade schools at Rockport, Indiana, and oi'e year as principal of the high school at Garretsville, Ohio. He then entered the law school of Western Reserve University, but was compelled to leave school on account of sickness in his senior year. He was admitted to the bar in 1897 and in the spring of that year began practice at Cleveland. For three months he was associated with the firm of Hadden & Parks Brothers, but with this brief exception has always practiced alone, having always been associated, however, with Sheldon Parks. Mr. Bissell is a lawyer of the highest standing and with a general practice of considerable corporation work and has handled many cases before the United States District courts. In politics he is willing to be classified as a mugwump. He is a member of the Cleveland and Ohio State Bar associations, the Cleveland Chamber of Commerce, the City Club, the Civic League, and is a member and trustee of the East Congregational Church. For the past seventeen years he has been active in the Hiram House as a trustee and as its treasurer, and is a trustee of Hiram College. February 22, 1900, at Warren, Ohio, Mr. Bissell married Alice L. Seymour, of Windham, Portage County, Ohio. Her father died when she was quite young. He was a farmer. Her mother, Mrs. Harriet Seymour, died at CLEVELAND AND ITS ENVIRONS - 181 the home of Mr. and Mrs. Bissell in 1910. Mrs. Bissell was born at Windham, Portage County, Ohio, and was educated there in the public schools. She is very active in the Congregational Church and is now serving as state president of the Woman's Board of Missions of the Interior of that church, this position taking a great part of her time. Otherwise she is also active in the church Sunday school and is a member of the Hiram College Club of Women and the East Congregational Reading Circle. Mr. and Mrs. Bissell have one son, Howard Seymour Bissell, born at East Cleveland July 2, 1903. The family home is in'East Cleveland at 1738 Northfield Avenue. Mr. Bissell is a member of the Cleveland Automobile Club, the East Cleveland Chamber of Commerce, and finds his recreations in tennis, canoeing and farming. WILLIAM T. REDMOND has been in practice as a lawyer at Cleveland for the past five years and has already attained a promising general practice and a reputation as a safe and reliable counsellor. His offices are in the Society for Savings Building. Mr. Redmond is a native of Cleveland, born August 7, 1882, a son of William C. and Margaret (Owens) Redmond. He is their only surviving child, his older brother having been drowned when about ten years of age. William C. Redmond was born in Wexford County, Ireland, and has been a resident of Cleveland over sixty years. He is a millwright by trade, formerly was in the teaming business and for the past five years has lived retired. The mother, who was born in Cork, Ireland, came to America with her parents and lived in New York, but was married in Cleveland, where she had her home for over forty-five years, until her death on June 10, 1914. William T. Redmond received his early education in St. John's Parochial School, where he graduated, and took preparatory work in Notre Dame University at South Bend, Indiana. Subsequently,he entered the law department of Western Reserve University at Cleveland, and completed his course and was given the degree Bachelor of Law in 1912. Since then he has been in active practice. Recently Mayor Davis appointed him a member of the committee for the purpose of bringing conventions to Cleveland. Mr. Redmond has surrounded himself with all the facilities for the successful practice of law, including a splendid library, and this is unusually large and well selected for a man who has been in practice only a few years. He is active in social affairs and takes the keenest interest and delight in athletics, especially baseball. Mr. Redmond is affiliated with Cleveland Lodge No. 18, Benevolent Protective Order of Elks, and was exalted ruler of that lodge in 1912. He also belongs to the Cleveland Automobile Club, the Cleveland Athletic Club and the Cleveland Bar Association. On June 19, 1906, he married Miss Mollie Gross, daughter of Mr. and Mrs. Emil Gross, of Cleveland. Mrs. Redmond was born and educated in Cleveland. They have one daughter, Eunice M., born at Cleveland. ARTHUR B. CROTTY, though one of the younger members of the Cleveland bar, has attained a secure position and has won the respect and esteem of profession and public. His position is such as might be expected of a young man of influential family connections. He is a son of Martin M. and Agnes M. (Kelly) Crotty. Both parents were born in Ohio, his father in a log cabin on Johnny Cake Ridge Township of Cuyahoga County, while the mother was a native of Toledo. They were married in Toledo, and Martin Crotty has for a number of years been a leading architect and contractor at Cleveland, where the family is an old and honored one. Arthur B. Crotty is the older of two sons. His younger brother, Oswald M., was born in Cleveland, attended Western Reserve University two years and took his higher education in the Catholic University of America at Washington, District of Columbia, from which he received the degree A. B., LL. B. and LL. M. He is now in active practice in St. Louis, Missouri. Arthur B. Crotty during his childhood attended the public schools of Cleveland and St. Ignatius College. rn 1907 he completed the law course of Western Reserve University and in 1908 was granted the degrees Ph. B. and LL. M. by the Catholic University of America at Washington. Then in 1909 he received the degree doctor of common law from the same institution. Mr. Crotty was admitted to the Ohio bar in 1907. The years 1910 to 1913 he and his brother spent in extensive travel over the United States, and in 1914 Mr. Crotty began private practice in Cleveland, with offices in the Society for Savings Building, where he has 182 - CLEVELAND AND ITS ENVIRONS since been established in the handling of a general elientage. One of Mr. Crotty's chief hobbies is the collection of rare and valuable books. Both he and his brother are members of the Beta Theta Pi Chapter of Western Reserve University. Mr. Crotty is unmarried and still lives at home with his parents. CHARLES WILLIAM SWARTZEL. In both professional and business circles of Cleveland Charles William Swartzel has established a creditable reputation for success gained honorably and without animosity. He is a lawyer by profession, while his chief business identification has been with real estate affairs, and it has been his fortune to have combined his activities in the two directions so that each has assisted the other. Mr. Swartzel was born October 17, 1875, at Winthrop, Iowa, and is a son of Henry and Emma (Newell) Swartzel. On the paternal side Mr. Swartzel is descended from Pennsylvania Dutch stock, his grandfather being Solomon Swartzel, while his maternal grandfather was George Newell, and both emigrated from Ohio to Iowa during the early history of the latter state. Henry Swartzel, who is now deceased, was born in Ohio, near Dayton, while Mrs.. Swartzel was a native of Iowa. Charles W. Swartzel first attended the public schools of his native place, following which he was brought to Cleveland and pursued a course at the West High School, from which he duly received his diploma. He displayed his industry and ambition even as a youth, for during vacations, while nearly all of his companions were spending their time in recreations of various sorts, young Swartzel occupied himself and improved his leisure by engaging in sales and agency work and thus gaining experience that has proven very valuable to him in subsequent years. After leaving high school he went to Adelbert College, taking a special course of two years, and in 1897 enrolled as a student at the Western Reserve University, being graduated therefrom with the class of 1900. Next he entered the William Baehus Law School of Western Reserve University, and in 1901 received his degree of Bachelor of Laws. While he was admitted to the bar the same year, Mr. Swartzel did not at once enter the active practice of his profession, • but spent much of the first year after his graduation in the sale of real estate. He has since won creditable success both in his professional calling and in the sale of and operating in real estate, residence property and vacant lots, especially at Lakewood, Ohio, and at the present time is in the possession of a healthy and growing business, from which his personal earnings are derived. He is familiar with realty values and an excellent judge of property, and by a number of associates is accounted one of the well informed men in the real estate business. While he has not been an office holder, Mr. Swartzel is interested in local affairs as a good citizen, being a republican in politics, with independent and progressive tendencies. He belongs to no secret organizations, but is an active broker member of the Cleveland Real Estate Board, a member of the Cleveland Chamber of Industry and the Lakewood Chamber of Commerce. Mr. Swartzel is a great lover of music, in fact a large part of his happiness and his recreation are derived therefrom. He belongs to the Lakewood Music Club, and at his pleasant home, at No. 1207 Marlowe Avenue, Lakewood, he has a modern 4 Victor phonograph, with a large and tastefully selected number of standard vocal and instrumental music records. With his family Mr. Swartzel belongs to the First Church of Christ, Scientist, Lakewood. Mr. Swartzel was married September 28, 1905, at Fairview, Kansas, to Miss .Clara M.. Schenkelherger, daughter of John M. and Martha Schenkelberger. Mrs. Swartzel was born in. Ohio, and when two years of age was taken to Kansas by her parents, who became very prosperous farming people of that state, where Mr. Sehenkelberger died. Mrs: Swartzel is artistic and musical in her tastes, and the only child, Helen Catherin Swartzel, has inherited her parents' tastes in these directions, being talented in dancing and a lover of all kinds of music and expression work.. She was eleven years of age on February 19, 1917. REV. GEORGE W. WILLIS AND WIFE GENEVIEVE E. WILLIS. George Washington Willis was born in Ashland, Ohio, and is of English, French and German extraction. On his paternal side he descends from the English and French; and on the maternal side from the Germans. His father was of English descent on the Willis side with a splendid ancestry from the noble and gentleman classes, and from his mother's side was a descendant of the French nobility and the Huguenots—both sides bearing their significant crests. It has CLEVELAND AND ITS ENVIRONS - 183 been said that George W. Willis "was hewn out of his very cradle into an evangelist and preacher." The public press has also said—"Most of his life has been spent in evangelistic work, not only among the Methodist people, but in work of an interdenominational character, his engagements having taken him to various points from the Atlantic Coast to the Pacific and his labors having been attended with large success." He has also been invited abroad in his special evangelistic work. Both the secular and religious press endorsed his work most heartily. He pursued various courses of instruction under the direction of different institutions of learning and has received other degrees besides the honorary degree of doctor of divinity. The public press further says: "Besides being an evangelist of wide reputation Mr. Willis is also a lecturer of repute." He was formerly well known in his early ministry as a prominent "Quaker evangelist, ' but hoping for a larger field of service was ordained as a Methodist preacher in 1907, but nevertheless is pleased to co-operate with any or all Christian churches. His wife Genevieve E. Willis —nee Kinsel—was formerly a very successful school teacher. She also comes from a sturdy ancestry—from the English on her mother's side and the German on her father's side of the house. She has the degree Bachelor of Sacred Literature (Litt. B. S.) and Doctor of Music (Mus. D.). She is an "eloquent and gifted" public speaker and lecturer and delights to champion the cause of prohibition and temperance. The secular and church press have repeatedly spoken of her public efforts in solo and lecture work in the most complimentary terms. She is highly connected—one of her maternal ancestors having been a countess. Also another relative was a minister abroad in the United States Government service. She has been an able assistant to her husband in his chosen calling. HARRIET JEAN WILLIS. On the window of No. 207 American Trust Building in Cleveland appears the above name followed by the simple word lawyer. That word furnishes hardly a hint of the achievements and attainments of one of Cleveland's able women. Miss Willis became a lawyer under the influence of a direct "calling." She was first of all an expert stenographer, did newspaper reporting, and for several years had an office for court and general reporting. During that time she took up the study of law. She attended night school, cdmpleting the law course while supporting herself by stenography. She came in daily contact with legal forms and phrases, court methods and procedure, and was a lawyer almost before she knew it—absorbing law at court and in the routine of her daily work. When she first took the law course she had no intention of practicing, merely for the purpose of equipping herself the better for other work. But clients came and continued to come abundantly, to her agreeable surprise, and she now finds time for little else but her practice. It is a successful professional career both in essential qualities and in influence and remuneration. Miss Willis exemplifies the possibilities of the legal profession as a factor in social service. It has opened to her many doors of opportunity—to bind up the broken hearted, to reunite disrupted families, to restore domestic tranquility and to set at liberty the captive. Miss Willis received her degree LL. B. from the Baldwin-Wallace College and was admitted to the bar July 1, 1915. She is a member of The Woman Lawyers' Association of New York and is affiliated with "Groupement Amical des Avocets de France." Harriet Jean Willis was born at Ashland, Ohio. She inherited unusual mental attainments and it is said that when only five years of age she could read and write. She received her early education in the Ashland public schools, graduating from the high school. Following that she went to the City of Philadelphia, and became cashier with A. W. Dennett's on Chestnut Street opposite the state house, and subsequently was cashier for the same firm on South Ninth Street opposite the postoffice. Having made a definite choice for herself in the business field she located in Cleveland, being employed as a bookkeeper by day and at night pursuing a course in shorthand and typewriting at the Euclid Avenue Business College, from which she graduated. At graduation she was put in charge of the shorthand and typewriting department and for several years taught. Subsequently she reported for newspapers and was a sermon reporter and then did public stenographic work at The Forest City House and at The Hollenden and other prominent Cleveland hotels. After about two years she established her court and general reporting business and at one time conducted two offices, one in the New 184 - CLEVELAND AND ITS ENVIRONS England Building and the other in the American Trust Building. Miss Willis was offered a chair in the University of Dakota and subsequently was offered an important position in the United States Civil Service at Honolulu, Hawaii. In 1908 at Chautauqua, New York, she took a complete course in Esperanto (the universal language), and attended the first Esperantists Convention held on American soil. She also attended the Chautauqua School of Expression, and has completed the entire Literary and Scientific University Extension Course, the University Research Extension, and the four years' study in Original Documents. In October, 1908, she won a memory contest on Biblical lore. For two solid hours she was requested to repeat instantly any passage of Scripture called for and was awarded by Helen M. Gould (now Mrs. Shepherd) an exquisitely bound autograph copy of the Bible. In 1910 Miss Willis was presented by the Frances Scott Key Memorial Association with a souvenir certificate for aiding in the preservation of the home of the author of the "Star Spangled Banner," the national anthem. In 1904'she was presented by the American Flag-House and Betsy Ross Memorial Association with a souvenir certificate for materially aiding in the preservation of the birthplace of our nation's flag and for the erection of a national memorial in honor of Betsy Ross. Miss Willis' private library includes a very unique selection including "The Five Foot Shelf," first edition of Harvard classics, and many rare volumes of historical, literary and scientific works. Besides the achievements which must be credited to her indomitable energy and mental and will power, it is only natural to ascribe much to inheritance. Miss Willis is of English-French and German extraction. Her father Dedrich William Willis, Sr., was descended from the noble and gentleman classes, the gentleman class of England on the paternal side and of the French nobility and the Huguenot stock on the maternal side, each bearing their significant crests. Her mother, Mrs. Sarah A. (Tinkey) Willis, was also of sturdy ancestry. On the paternal side the mother's ancestry goes back nearly two centuries to her great-great-grandfather, George Tinkey, a native of the Province of Ilesse, Germany, who came to America about 1760 and located in Washington County, Pennsylvania. The maternal ancestors have been traced back over 300 years to Johann Krumrein of Jungholzhausen, Wurtemburg. Johann Krumrein was born in 1592. The first progenitor in America of this side of the house was George Lenhart Krumrein, born in Germany, 1719, and landed at Philadelphia from the Palatinate in 1749. On the records of the University of Oxford in England for the sixteenth and seventeenth centuries may be seen the names of seven members of the Willis family who matriculated during the period from 1357 to 1681. All appear to have distinguished themselves in the university, no one of them having taken less than two degreek They seem to have been equally prominent in subsequent life, especially in the church. Five of them received the degree Bachelor of Arts, and later that of Master of Arts, one became a Doctor of Divinity, one a Bachelor of Civil Law, one a Bachelor of Medicine, one a Doctor of Medicine, and three held fellowships. As church dignitaries three of them became vicars, two became rectors, one was a dean and one was a canon. The oldest, Francis Willis, became president of St. John's College and vice chancellor of the University of Oxford, and for different periods of his life held five prominent offices in the Church of England. He died in 1596. Of the American branch of the family George Willis, a Puritan of considerable distinction, is recorded as being admitted to the Freeman's Oath in 1638 and elected a deputy to the General Court. Another, Charles Willis, was an active member of the Boston Tea Party that threw into the water on the night of December 16, 1773, the cargoes of three English tea ships that had just arrived in the harbor. His position and action in the affair were represented in an ancient engraving, bought long afterwards by his grandson Deacon Nathaniel Willis. A copy of the same is now in the possession of the Massachusetts Historical Society. His wife Abigail was a lady of character and of maxims, and exhorted her family never to eat brown bread when they could get white, and never to go in at the back door when they might go in at the front. A son of this worthy couple Nathaniel, Sr.. conducted a whig newspaper in Boston and became one of the pioneer journalists of the West. He removed first to Winchester, Virginia, where he published a paper, then to Shepardstown, also published a paper there, CLEVELAND AND ITS ENVIRONS - 185 and in 1790 went to Martinsburg, Virginia, and founded the Potomac Guardian and edited it until 1796. In that year he went to Chillicothe, Ohio, and established the Scioto Gazette, the first paper in what was then known as the Northwest Territory. He was printer to the Government of the territory and afterwards held an agency in the post office department. His son Nathaniel Willis, Jr., lived in Boston and after years of effort, during which he supported himself by publishing tracts and devotional books,. started in January, 1816, the Boston Recorder, which he asserted to be the first religious newspaper in the world. It still lives as the Congregationalist and Boston Recorder. Nathaniel Willis, Jr., also originated the idea of a religious paper for children, The Youth's Companion, which he commenced in 1827 and edited for about thirty years. It was the first and remains one of the best publications of the kind in existence. A son of this Boston editor was Nathaniel P. Willis, a poet and writer of Belles Lettres whose name is lastingly enshrined in the history of American literature. The elder Willis had the formal and narrow piety of the new evangelicals of that day, revolting against the latitudinarianism of the Boston churches and was for twenty years deacon of Park Street Church, Boston, profanely nicknamed by the Unitarians "Brimstone Corner." Another ancestor in the paternal line was a fine old Puritan Divine, Rev. John Bailey, a non-conforming independent minister in Lancashire, • who having been silenced and afterwards imprisoned escaped to Massachusetts in 1684, and was a minister over the church in Watertown and later an associate minister over the First Church in Boston, where he died in 1697. Increase Mather preached his funeral sermon. His tomb is in the Granary Burying Ground opposite Park Street Church and his portrait in the cabinet of the Massachusetts Historical Society. Another ancestor of Miss Willis was Alexander Mack, founder of the German Baptist Church. One of the family, Col. Henry Willis, married Mildred Washington, who was born in 1696 and was the aunt and godmother of General Washington. Mrs. Catherine D. Murat, the second child of Col. Byrd Willis was born in 1803, and at the early age of thirteen years married Atcherson Gray, son of John Gray of "Traveller's Rest." Atcherson Gray died in less than twelve months after his marriage and his child born after his death died also. The young widow went with her father and mother to Florida and soon after her arrival there married Achille Murat, ex-prince of Naples, nephew to Napoleon Bonaparte. They settled about sixteen miles from Tallahassee. She subsequently accompanied her husband to London, and saw a great deal of the high life in that ciy and was introduced by Lady Dudley Stuart, a daughter of Lucien. Bonaparte, as the niece of Washington. Notwithstanding notable attention shown her abroad, she returned a good American. On one occasion while visting an art gallery in London in company with John Randolph of Roanoke and other distinguished personages the party paused before the pictures of Napoleon and Washington which hung side by side. Randolph, pointing to the pictures, remarked, "Before us we have Napoleon and Washington, one the founder of a mighty empire, the other of a greit republic." Then, turning to the company, he said, "Behold in the Princess Murat the niece of both, a distinction which she alone can claim." In gratitude for her kindness to him when in exile and in recognition of her husband's claims, Napoleon III, when emperor of France, placed the Princess Murat at the head of the French nobility and honored her with a seat on his right. After the war between the States Louis Napoleon settled an annuity of 50,000 francs upon the Princess Murat, which was regularly paid up to the time of her death. Another distinction-was the bestowal upon her of the right of the royal livery of France. Miss Willis' grandmother Susannah DeShong Willis, was a linguist, and assistant to her father who was professor of the languages in the city of Philadelphia. Her maiden name Susannah DeShong was the Americanized form of the proper. French name "De-Champs." A descendant of Susannah DeShong Willis was reputed to be a founder of the Order of the Paulist Fathers of the Roman Catholic Church. Ancestry lends distinction only when the descendants have something of the distinctive qualities of the forbears, and few women may more properly take pride in ancestry than Harriet Jean Willis, lawyer, Cleveland. NELSON Mons, who died in Cleveland July 21, 1908, was a prominent factor in local busi- 186 - CLEVELAND AND ITS ENVIRONS ness affairs, and was senior member of the well known real estate and contracting firm of. N. Moses & Brothers. He was born at Euclid, Ohio, May 16, 1833, and was seventy-five years of age at the time of his death. His father, Charles Moses, was a Euclid pioneer, where he located as early as 1814. Nelson Moses had but a country school education, and it was through natural talent and hard work that he made a success in business affairs. The firm of N. Moses & Brothers, of which he was for forty years senior member, did an extensive business in handling railroad ties and ship timber as well as in local real estate development. Nelson Moses was one of the men chiefly interested in the founding of Collinwood, as a Cleveland suburban district. He was also a director of the First National Bank and member of the advisory council of the Cleveland Trust Company. He never married, and, outside of business affairs, he was perhaps most interested in the Masonic Order, in which he attained the. thirty-second degree of the Scottish Rite. He was also an active member of Al Koran Temple of Mystic Shrine. CHARLES W. MOSES was one of three brothers whose names had a very prominent part in Cleveland business affairs, especially in real estate and development lines. Charles Moses was essentially a contractor, and was in that business practically all his life, using it as a basis for extensive real estate operations, in which he was associated with his brothers. Mr. Moses, who died at his home in Cleveland, June 27, 1904, was born at Euclid, Ohio, March 15, 1840, son of Charles Moses, a pioneer of that village. He was educated in the country schools, and about his first business experience was in the lumbering industry. He came to Cleveland and joined his brothers Nelson and Augustus in the real estate business and in contracting work, and more and more with passing years his interests became identified with real estate. In 1887 he was united in marriage to Mary E. Hull of Toledo, Ohio, who still survives him. Mr. Moses was one of the well known citizens of Cleveland, a member of the Colonial Club, and of various other organizations, and was prominent in the Masonic fraternity. He was the first of the three brothers to die, being survived by Nelson and Augustus L., and his only sister, Mrs. O. H. Warren, of Syracuse, New York, all of whom have since passed away. AUGUSTUS L. MOSES, associated with his two brothers, was for many years a prominent factor in Cleveland real estate circles. To that business he gave the study of a lifetime, and out of his mature experience acquired a judgment and ability which made him an exceptionally successful factor in the growth and improvement of the community. Mr. Moses is remembered as one of the pioneers in the development of the old Collinwood and Nottingham sections for real estate purposes. He represented one of the earliest families of Cuyahoga County. His birth occurred on Euclid Road in the Village of Euclid, September 29, 1844. He lived to be nearly seventy years of ago, and died while visiting his grandchildren at Atlantic City, New Jersey, January 29, 1914. His parents were Charles and Polly (Akins) Moses. His father came to the Western Reserve from Connecticut in 1807, and in 1814 the family located in Euclid. His wife also came from Connecticut, becoming a resident of Euclid about 1816. Augustus L. Moses grew up in Cuyahoga County, and had only such advantages as were offered by the primitive schools of that day. He first entered the contracting business, as a contractor of railroad ties, ship timber and general lumber supplies. To that business he gave about twenty-five years of his life. In 1868 Mr. Moses married Miss Mary E. Dille of Nottingham, Ohio. Their only child is Louis A. Moses, who grew up in the real estate business under his father's guidance and is one of the successful operators of the present time. In 1870 Nelson and Charles W. Moses with W. F. Walworth, became partners in the real estate business, and in 1871 they were joined by Augustus L. Moses. In a short time Mr. Walworth retired and the firm of N. Moses and Brothers continued unchanged until the death of Charles W. Moses in 1904, and of Nelson Moses in 1908. After that, Augustus Moses continued as the head of the business, though much of the responsibilities of its management devolved upon his son, Louis A. Moses. Augustus L. Moses usually confined his attention and operations to the property under the individual ownership of the firm, rather CLEVELAND AND ITS ENVIRONS - 187 than to the brokerage basis. It was his constant purpose to keep in close touch with the real estate market, and his thorough knowledge gave him the privilege of anticipating possible advances and declines in values. His investments were almost without exception judiciously made and brought him substantial returns. Mr. Moses was a republican in politics, and was always well informed on current questions and problems. He was never an office seeker, and outside of business was very fond of outdoor life and recreation, chiefly employing his leisure hours in this manner. He was an enthusiastic hunter and fisherman, and belonged to a number of hunting and fishing clubs, among which were the Ottawa Shooting and Castalia Fishing clubs. LOUIS A. MOSES. Reference on other pages is made to the prominence and activities of various members of the Moses family in real estate circles at Cleveland. The old house of that name established in 1871 was N. Moses & Brothers, and the successor to this business is Mr. Louis A. Moses. Mr. Moses practically grew up in the atmosphere of real estate, and has an almost intuitive perception of values. Undoubtedly he is one of the best known men in this line of business in the State of Ohio. To the many qualifications granted him through family traditions and by long and thorough experience, he has brought that reliability which is an expression of sterling character, and imparts the final touch of value to every transaction in which he is engaged. Mr. Moses was born at Cleveland, October 3, 1876, son of Augustus L. and Mary E. (Dille) Moses, who were married at Cleveland, July 4, 1868. The mother is still living at Cleveland, and an article on the late Augustus L. Moses is found elsewhere in this publication. Louis A. Moses attended the public schools of Cleveland, the Brooks Military Academy, and the next four years was tutored. He then entered Adelbert College of Western Reserve University, and later took a law course in the Franklin T. Backus Law School. His knowledge of the law he has used primarily to promote his individual success as a real estate operator. He went into the real estate business in 1899 with his father, and the Arcade offices of this old and established firm, are still occupied by him. His business is general real estate, insurance and mortgage loans. In addition to the main office at 207 The Arcade he maintains branch offices in old Collinwood, at 16605 Waterloo road, and at 15107 St. Clair Avenue. At Springfield, Missouri, October 3, 1899, Mr. Moses married Miss Olive T. Crane. Her parents, W. G. and Angelia (Baird) Crane are still living at Springfield, where the family has long been one of prominence. Mr. and Mrs. Moses have two children; both born at Cleveland, Marion Crane and Marjorie Dille Moses. Mr. Moses was president of the Cleveland Real Estate Board in 1915, was president of the Ohio Association of Real Estate Boards in 1916-17, and is a member of the executive committee of the National Association of Real Estate Boards. He is a director and member of the executive committee of the Cleveland Real Estate and Housing Company. This company was organized by the Cleveland. Chamber of Commerce to stimulate the construction of workingmen's homes in order to relieve the congested housing conditions of the city. Much of his work in real estate affairs has been in the development of the suburban districts of Collinwood and Nottingham. He took a very active part in the annexation proceedings in 1912, when Nottingham was made a part of the larger City of Cleveland, and was a member of the Annexation Commission. Mr. Moses is the secretary and a director of the Bankers Guaranteed Mortgage Company, and is a director of the Land Title Abstract & Trust Company. He is now vice president of the Cleveland Metropolitan Park Board, successor of the Cuyahoga County Park Board, of which he was also one of the original members. He is a trustee of the McGregor Home, an institution founded by the late Mrs. Terry as a memorial for her husband, Mr. A. M. McGregor, which is conducted and maintained as a home for indigent couples and individuals. He holds membership in the Cleveland Automobile Club, the Cleveland Athletic Club, Union Club, Civic League, City Club, Cleveland Chamber of Commerce, and the Cleveland Chamber of Industry. In 1916, he was president of the Tippecanoe Club, the leading republican organization of Cleveland. While in college he became a Delta Kappa Epsilon ; is president of the local Chapter 188 - CLEVELAND AND ITS ENVIRONS House Company, and is a member of the Delta Kappa Epsilon Club of New York City. WARREN BICKNELL was educated for the law but was never enrolled as a lawyer. His big work has been in the field of transportation. He was identified with the management of several pioneer electric lines in Ohio and elsewhere, and in the maturity of his experience and abilities he has occupied an increasingly important' position as a railroad builder and a power in the financing and operation of transportation and industrial corporations. Mr. Bickell has been a resident of Cleveland for many years. He was born at Morrisville, New York, February 19, 1868, a son of Charles T. and Susan (Payne) Bicknell, both natives of New York State. Mr. Bicknell is descended from an English family that came to this country in 1835. Charles T. Bicknell was born in 1836, gave his active years to merchandising and was a manufacturer of paper goods, and on retiring he removed to Cleveland in 1885 and is. still living there. His wife, whom he married in New York in 1857, died in 1871. Warren Bicknell began his education in the public schools of his native town in New York. In 1878, when he was ten years of age, his parents removed to Massillon, Ohio, where he also attended public school. In 1890.he graduated from Adelbert College of Cleveland with the degree of B. A. On leaving college Mr. Bicknell became a student in the law offices of Boynton, Hale and Horr. He never completed his course, realizing that his talents were rather for constructive and practical affairs than for the dull routine of the law. For about 1 1/2 years he was secretary of the Cleveland Athletic Club. Another year was spent in the coal business at Newcastle, Pennsylvania. He gave up his interests there to become auditor of the Cincinnati and Miami Valley Traction Company and general manager of the Dayton Traction Company. These companies were subseqently consolidated with the Southern Ohio Traction Company and at the reorganization Mr. Bicknell became secretary and auditor. His headquarters were at Middletown, Ohio, but after two years he resigned his post to become general manager of the Aurora, Elgin and Chicago Railroad, with offices in Chicago. For two years he looked after this third rail electric system, comprising one of the most important suburban electric lines out of Chicago. From Chicago Mr. Bicknell returned to Cleveland and from 1903 to 1906 was president of the Lake Shore Electric Railway Company. Since resigning from that office he has been president of the Cleveland Construction Company. The Cleveland Construction Company, with offices in the Citizens Building, is one of the largest of its kind in Ohio. Its principal work is the building of electric and steam railroads, the erection of light and water plants, and the construction of telephone lines. Its field of operations has been confined to no one state. A few of the larger contracts executed by the company were construction and installation work for the following companies and systems : The Northern Ohio Traction and Light Company ; the Cleveland Southwestern and Columbus Lake Shore Electric Company ; the Southern Ohio Company ; the Aurora, Elgin and Chicago Railway ; the Rockford, Beloit and Janesville ; the Richmond and Petersburg in Virginia ; the New York and Long Island Traction Company ; the Kokomo and Marion Western ; the Western Ohio ; Youngstown and Ohio River Company ; Chicago, Lake Shore and South Bend; and a number of other electric lines. More and more Mr. Bicknell has become closely identified with the financial organization and management of transportation companies. He is president of the Springfield & Xenia Railroad Company ; the Citizens Railroad and Light Company of Fort Worth, Texas; the Havana Electric Railway Company of Cuba ; and was formerly chairman of the board of directors of the Toledo Railway and Light Company, and was receiver of the Municipal Traction Company of Cleveland. He is also a director in the Citizens Loan & Trust Company, a director in the Union National Bank, director of the Wheeling & Lake Erie Railway Company, vice president and director of the Cleveland Chamber of 'Commerce, vice president of the Crowell-Lundoff Little Company, and trustee of the Western Reserve Academy. Mr. Bicknell is president of two insurance companies, their business relations being chiefly with the employees of railway and light companies. In February, 1900, Mr. Bicknell married Miss Anne Guthrie, who was born in St. Paul, Minnesota. They have four children : Frances Louise, Warren, Jr., Elizabeth and Guthrie. Mr. Bicknell since college days has been active in the Delta Kappa Epsilon Society. CLEVELAND AND ITS ENVIRONS - 189 He is a member of the Union Club, the Hermit Club, the Country Club and the Mayfield Country Club of Cleveland, and is a trustee of the Western Reserve University. His many large interests have made him one of Cleveland's foremost business men and capitalists and have also enabled him to serve the best interests and welfare of the Ohio metropolis. THOMAS H. HOGSETT was born on an Ohio farm, was member of a household neither rich nor poor, had a good family name to encourage his aspirations and was given a fair education. His ambition led him into the law, he was admitted to practice more than thirty years ago, and for more than twenty years has been a resident of Cleveland. In this city he has taken prominence among the ablest corporation lawyers, and his abilities have made him widely known outside the city and even the state. To say that he is a member of the law firm of Tolles, Hogsett, Ginn & Morley, indicates the enviable prominence which he enjoys as a lawyer, since this firm has undoubted front rank among the larger law firms of Ohio. Mr. Hogsett was born in Highland County, Ohio, May 17, 1858, a son of John N. and Hannah E. (Hughes) Hogsett. Through both parents he is descended from Scotch-Irish ancestry. His paternal great-grandfather and his maternal grandfather came from the north of Ireland, while both his grandmothers were natives of Scotland. The prandparents on both sides were early settlers in Ohio, coming to this state from Virginia. Mr. Hogsett's father was born in Ohio, made farming his life work, and became a man of considerable influence in Highland County. He served as justice of the peace and in other positions of trust. Mr. Hogsett's mother was a daughter of John L. Hughes, a leading Highland County merchant and farmer, and for several terms a member of the State Legislature. Mr. Hogsett is a nephew of Judge O. H. Hughes, of the State Public Service Commission. During his boyhood in Highland County Mr. Hogsett attended the common and high schools and was also under private tuition. He began the study of law in the office of Hon. Charles H. Collins of Hillsboro. Entering the Cincinnati Law School, he graduated LL. B. in 1882 and in the same year was admitted to the bar. Ill health prevented his immediate entrance into practice, but in 1883 he opened an office at Hillsboro. From 1884 until 1886 he was a partner at Hillsboro with Judge Albert H. Matthews, and from 1886 to 1895 was associated with Judge Samuel F. Steel. Mr. Hogsett removed to Cleveland in 1895. For three years he was a partner of Judge George B. Solders. During the administration of Mayor Farley he was appointed director of law of the city, but when his term expired he devoted himself exclusively to private practice. For a time he was associated with M. B. and II. H. Johnson, but since 1913 has been a member of the firm of Tolles, Hogsett, Ginn & Morley. This firm occupies nearly the entire twelfth floor of the Williamson Building. It is one of the best known corporation law firms of Ohio today. Mr. Hogsett early gained distinction in the Cleveland bar, and in the field of corporation work his abilities are hardly second to any. Formerly he was quite active in politcs, being aligned with the democratic party, but his preference at all times has been for professional work and he has never accepted a purely Political office. None the less his services have been of great value to his city and the state. Besides his work as director of the city law department during the Farley administration, he was one of the committee of three to advise the governor in the preparation of the municipal code during the term of Governor Nash, and by appointment from Governor Harris he was a member of the Ohio tax commission. For two terms Mr. Hogsett was a member of the board of directors of the Cleveland Chamber of Commerce and for a time was connected with the Municipal Association. He is justly regarded as one of Cleveland's most influential citizens. Mr. Hogsett is a member of the Cleveland, Ohio State and American Bar associations, and belongs to the Union Club, the Euclid Club and the Columbus Club. Aside from his profession he finds his recreation and pleasure in golf, motoring and horseback riding. He is a trustee of the Calvary Presbyterian Church. On June 8, 1883, at Columbus, Nebraska, he married Miss Rebecca Jones, daughter of Barclay Jones. Mrs. Hogsett is of Pennsylvania Quaker ancestry and is a graduate of Swarthmore College near Philadelphia. They are the parents of two children: Edith, a graduate of Vassar College, and Robert, a graduate of Dartmouth College. ARTHUR STANLEY DAVE is secretary and director of the Ideal Tire & Rubber Company, 190 - CLEVELAND AND ITS ENVIRONS a $2,000,000 dollar Ohio corporation, with a model plant now in course of construction in the Cleveland district to be operated for the manufacture and production of tires, the first and most promising large organization to bring this branch of the rubber industry to Cleveland. Mr. Davies is a man of much financial and accounting experience, and has achieved a commendable business position at the age of thirty. He was born at Wadsworth, Ohio, April 23, 1888, a son of Isaac and Miriam (Thomas) Davies. His father died in September, 1917, and the mother is still living in Cleveland. Arthur S. Davies was educated in grammar and high schools, and left school to take up the occupation and profession of accountant. For five years he was an accountant with a contracting concern, and for another five years was office manager of a manufacturing business. On taking up his duties as secretary of the Ideal Tire and Rubber Company he resigned his position as auditor of the Buckeye Engine Company of Salem, Ohio, a community where his ability and services were most highly appreciated and esteemed. Mr. Davies is a member of the Cleveland Automobile Club, is a republican voter, a Baptist, and a member of the Independent Order of Foresters. April 15, 1916, at Cleveland he married Margaret Ann Hodges, daughter of William Hodges. They have one daughter, Rachel Margaret Davies. COL. LOUIS BLACK is one of the veteran business men of Cleveland. He has lived in this city since he was ten years of age and by sheer force of intellect and ability has risen to a commanding position in business affairs. He was horn in Hungary December 24, 1844, son of Morris and Rose Black. His parents were the first Hungarian family to come to Cleveland, making the voyage across the Atlantic and locating in that then small city in 1854. Morris Black and wife spent the rest of their days in Cleveland and he died in the city in 1864. He was a man of large influence especially among his own people. Many Hungarians followed him to the United States and very often it was the practice to furnish prospective Hungarian immigrants with proper identification marks and send them direct to Cleveland where Morris Black took charge and looked after their interests until they were established. Louis Black received most of his education in Cleveland, and from early boyhood was accustomed to pay his way by hard exertion of physical or mental energy. At one time during his boyhood he worked on a farm. That farm is today in the downtown district of Cleveland and covered with lofty business blocks. When he was nineteen years of age he entered the service of the D. Black Cloak Company of Cleveland. A little later he resigned this position to enlist in 1864 in the hundred days' service as a private in Company A of the One Hundred and Fiftieth Ohio Volunteer Infantry. He did his part as a soldier in the Union Army, and then returned to Cleveland to begin an active business career which has brought him increasing prominence year by year. Merchandising has been his chief field, and a distinction sufficient to make him known all over Ohio is the fact that he is president of the Bailey Company, operating one of the largest department stores and wholesale and retail establishments of dry goods and house furnishings in the Middle West. This business was established many years ago by L. A. Bailey. Later Mr. Black and C. K. Sunshine took over the business and it was incorporated as The Bailey Company, the name that is still retained. Colonel Black is in addition to being president and treasurer of The Bailey Company, president and treasurer of The Acme Realty Company, The Bailey Realty Company, is vice president of The Building and Investment Company, vice president of The Superior Savings and Trust Company, treasurer of The Bailey-Young Company, and treasurer of The Sincere Realty Company. He is also vice president of The Tuscaloosa Cotton Company and is a director of The Central National Bank, The Cleveland Jewish Hospital Association, The Cleveland Realization Company, The Champont Realty Company and The Acme Foundry Company. His civic connections have always been those of a public spirited citizen working diligently for the good of his community. He was the first director of fire under the federal plan inaugurated by Mayor Rose. He was also a member of the Cleveland City Council from the First Ward for two years, 1881-83. From 1885 to 1890 he held the rank of colonel in the Second Regiment Knights CLEVELAND AND ITS ENVIRONS - 191 of Pythias. He is a member of the Cleveland Athletic Club, the Cleveland Chamber of Commerce, the Cleveland Rotary Club and Deak Lodge of Knights of Pythias. Mr. Black is ex-president of the Ilungarian Benevolent Association, of which his father was one of the founders. Colonel and Mrs. Black celebrated their golden wedding anniversary in 1917. DR. FRANK ELLSWORTH SPAULDING. On May 7, 1917, after several months of negotiation and discussion, a new. superintendent of the Cleveland public school system was elected in the person of Dr. Frank Ellsworth Spaulding. A number of things contributed to make this more than an ordinary event in Cleveland's public life. In the first place the Cleveland Board of Education had set out with due deliberation to find the ablest man in the country for the position of superintendent. In their final decision they agreed upon an annual salary for the new incumbent higher than any paid to a public school executive in any city of America. It was also understood that the new superintendent would inaugurate many radical changes in the Cleveland school system such as to adapt it to the needs of modern life and give the schools a vitality and an organized Rfficiency such as they had never had before. Because of all these factors the arrival of Doctor Spaulding in Cleveland and the beginning of his administration in September, 1917, made his previous experience, his personality and his career a subject of general interest among all Cleveland people. For several months he has been one of the men of the hour at Cleveland and the local papers have carried many columns of print telling the public who lie is, what he has done, and about his plans and program for the Cleveland schools. His record justifies the claim made for him by his friends that Doctor Spaulding is one of the leading American educators of the present generation. He is now just in the prime of his years and powers. Born at Dublin, New Hampshire, November 30, 1866, a son of William and Abby Roxanna. (Stearns) Spaulding. He was liberally educated during his youth and has been a student all his life, and bas come in close touch with educational affairs and life both abroad and in America. He graduated A. B. from Amherst College in 1889 and almost immediately began teaching. During 1889 to 1891 he was an instructor in the Louisville Military Academy in Kentucky. From 1851 to 1894 he was abroad as a student at the University of Berlin, at the College de France, the Sorbonne and the University of Vol. II-18 Leipzig. He completed the studies leading to the degrees Master of Arts and Doctor of Philosophy at Leipzig. It is said that when he returned to America his intention was to become a college professor. However, during a year spent as an honorary fellow at Clark University during 1894-95, he came under the influence of that eminent scholar Stanley Hall, and from that time forward his interest and work have been in those departments of education primarily concerned with child training. Consequently, save for minor exceptions, he has never filled a chair in a university. Doctor Spaulding was superintendent of schools of Ware, Massachusetts, from 1895 to 1897, had charge of the schools at Passaic, New Jersey, from 1897 to 1904, and for the following ten years was school superintendent of Newton, Massachusetts. In August, 1914, he took up his duties as superintendent of schools at Minneapolis, Minnesota, and it was from that position that he was called to his present work at Cleveland. Doctor Spaulding was lecturer on School Administration and Supervision in Harvard University during the school year 1911-12, and also during the summer schools of 1908-09. While his chief distinction rests upon his practical work as an educator and administrator, he is also widely known in educational circles as a writer and contributed to various magazines and also as an author. For his Doctorate at the University of Leipzig he took as his thesis "Richard Cumberland as the Founder of English Ethics." In 1905 was published his "The Individual Child and his Education." lie is joint author with William D. Miller of the graded school speller, comprising seven volumes, and compiled jointly with Catherine T. Bryce ; "Living Thoughts for all .Ages," three volumes published in 1903; "The Passaic Primer," 1904; "The Page Story Reader," 1906; "The Aldine Readers," five volumes, 1907 ; "Learning to Read, a Manual for Teachers," 1907; "The Aldine Language Books." He was also a joint author in the Portland Survey. Doctor Spaulding is a member of various learned societies, including the Massachusetts Commission on Immigration, the Social Educational Club, the National Geographic Society, the National Education Association, the American Academy of Political and Social Science. Throughout his career it is evident that Doctor Spaulding has been a thorough pro- 192 - CLEVELAND AND ITS ENVIRONS gressive in all matters of education. He is one of the foremost exponents of vocational training, which has now won a tardy recognition in America, but only a few years ago was looked upon with general distress. He has also carried out many of the ideas which have gained such wide currency under the name "Gary System," though Doctor Spaulding was applying some of the principles before the steel city of Gary came into existence. He has also insisted upon what the majority of broad-minded men would approve as a proper division of responsibilities between the school executive head and the board of business management and control whether known as School Board, Board of Education or otherwise. All matters connected strictly with school administration Doctor Spaulding has insisted should be subordinated under the one responsibility, the superintendent of schools. In order to answer a question which was in the minds of all Cleveland people regarding Doctor Spaulding in the early months of 1917, the Cleveland Press sent a special correspondent to Minneapolis to inquire into what he had done there as superintendent of schools. In the summary of results drawn up by the correspondent the chief features were as follows: Adapted some of the features of the Gary System to the Minneapolis schools, notably the double platoon plan to relieve overcrowding, thus making four class rooms do the work of six. Reorganized the system so that the business head of the schools is an assistant superintendent working under the direction of the superintendent and responsible to him instead of the school board. Established a vocational guidance bureau. Fostered the metropolitan high schools in which students can take an academic, technical or commercial course in the same building. Encouraged the wider use of public school buildings for political and recreation purposes. Established an educational council. Started "Opportunity rooms for the misfit and retarded boy." Doubled the number of kindergartens, started junior high schools, established short two-year high school courses, and permitted commercial high school pupils to get practical experience by working part time at school headquarters, stores and offices. These were some of the things which caused the Cleveland Board of Education to bring Doctor Spaulding to this city. In announcing his program of work for Cleveland he included practically those things which featured his work at Minneapolis. He said : "There must be an educational program adequate to prepare every child to do his bit. Junior high schools, vocational schools, extension of practical courses in senior high schools, continuation schools, special schools for special types of children—all these mean new or better educational opportunities and use. The maximum of education effort and the largest funds anywhere available are so inadequate to the complete realization of a program of truly universal education that they should be employed with the utmost regard for economy and efficiency. Waste of time, effort or money, through carelessness, ignorance or inexcusable ignorance, is robbery of the children and of the future welfare of the community." Doctor Spaulding married October 17, 1895, Mary Elizabeth Trow of Northampton, Massachusetts. They have four children, Francis, William, Mary and Catherine. Francis, the oldest, graduated from Harvard University with the degree A. B. at the age of nineteen, and was elected to the honor fraternity Phi Beta Kappa. He is now an instructor in the Dunwoody Institute, a technical school of Minneapolis. The son William is a student in Harvard University, and the two daughters are in Cleveland schools, one in the College for Women of Western Reserve University and the other in the public schools. WILLIAM ROY STUART, mansger of the Northern Ohio District of Connecticut General Life Insurance Company, is a native of Cleveland, but only recently returned to this city from the East, where he had completed his education and where he took up the profession of the law and of insurance. Mr. Stuart is one of those exceptional men who find in insurance a lifework demanding every element of character, integrity, industry and that he has already gone far toward success needs no other proof than the mention of his present relationship with one of America's largest and oldest insurance companies. Mr. Stuart was born at Cleveland April 27; 1876, a son of William F. and Agnes (Roy) Stuart, both of whom are now living retired in Cleveland. He is of pure Scotch descent on both sides of the family. His father was born in Canada and his mother in New York State. This branch of the Stuarts runs back in direct line to the royal family of Stuarts in England. His mother's father was of the CLEVELAND AND ITS ENVIRONS - 193 Rob Roy Clan, and the Roys gave to the city of Edinburgh, Scotland, what is today known as "The Green." William F. Stuart was for many years active in the carriage business at Cleveland, connected with The Raugh & Lang Electric Company. William Roy Stuart was educated in the grammar schools of Cleveland, the preparatory school of Oberlin Academy, and from there went East entering Yale University, where he graduated A. B. in 1903. In the intervals of other employment he took the regular courses of the New York Law School, and received his LL. B. degree in 1907, being admitted to the New York bar in that year. Besides his practical work in insurance lines Mr. Stuart has made a close study of the subject in theory and as a profession, and has done much lectural work in connection with schools and as a writer on various phases of the business. In one of his various articles, entitled Insurance as a Profession, he tells how while a senior at Yale University he and a classmate discussed the various vocations which they might take up after leaving college and how after a survey of them all they decided upon insurance as offering the best opportunities and calling for the largest aggregate of abilities and service commensurate with the rewards. Having made definite choice of his life work Mr. Stuart gained his first experience as assistant cashier for the New York Life Insurance Company, and a year later resigned to become cashier with the Aetna Life Insurance Company in the office at Yonkers. Mr. Stuart was a resident of Yonkers for seven years, and while there was admitted to the practice of law in New York State and until 1911 was a member of the law firm of Stuart & Leary, his partner being Russell W. Leary. In 1911 Mr. Stuart having left the Aetna Company, became manager of the Brooklyn, New York, office of the Travelers Insurance Company. In 1916 he resigned to accept the work which brought him back to his native city as manager of the Northern Ohio District of the Connecticut General Life Insurance Company, a position he has held since June 1, 1917. While he has enjoyed some of the substantial honors of the insurance profession and has been exceedingly busy, he has given much time to promoting the broader interests of insurance and has delivered many talks and formal addresses before Young Men's Christian associations, high schools, and other organizations on the subject of insurance. Many of the colleges and universities of the country have in recent years installed courses on insurance in their curricula, and Mr. Stuart has been insurance instructor or lecturer at the University of Akron and at Wooster College, an dis now conducting an evening class once a week at his offices in the Citizens Building at Cleveland for the study of the principles of insurance. He has written numerous articles on the subject, one of which, published in pamphlet form, has already been referred to. Mr. Stuart represents the broad interests of the man who has traveled extensively both in his home country and in Europe. At Cleveland he is a member of the Chamber of Commerce and City Club, of Lakewood Presbyterian Church, is a republican, and has filled one public office, justice of the peace at Yonkers, New York, from 1908 to 1912. He is a member of the Masonic Order, a charter member of Kent Chapter of the Delta Theta Pi fraternity, and was president of the Owl's Head fraternity in 1907 at the New York Law School. Mr. Stuart has one sister, Mrs. John Schmehl of Lakewood. On June 2, 1911, at Barnesville, Ohio, he married Maude L. Little, daughter of Charles and Margaret (Armstrong) Little who live retired at Barnesville. Mr. and Mrs. Stuart have one son, William Little Stuart, born at Brooklyn, New York, May 4, 1914. JOSEPH S. GRANNIS was a prominent member of the Cleveland bar for many years, and is well remembered both for his success in the profession and for the enviable personal qualities which brought him many strong and lasting friendships. Mr. Grannis made his home in Cleveland for over half a century. He was born in Claremont, New Hampshire, and came to the city of Cleveland in 1854 and his first work here was as a teacher in the Penn Street School. In those early days he formed a friendship with R. C. Parsons, and both of them roomed and studied together for several years in preparation for the law. On being admitted to the bar Mr. Grannis formed a law partnership with R. S. Spaulding, and they were associated together for seven years under the name Spaulding & Grannis. Mr. Grannis then joined forces with his old classmate and fellow attorney R. C. Parsons, and their long association was not broken until less than two years before the death of Mr. Grannis. An- 194 - CLEVELAND AND ITS ENVIRONS other law partner was J. H. Hardy who was also a classmate of Mr. Grannis and they were close friends as well as professional associates. Mr. Grannis finally retired from active law practice on account of advancing age, and about 1907 he built a winter home at Orange Mills, Florida. In the fall of 1908 he went South and was living at Orange Mills when the end came on December 11, 1908. With respect to his wish he was buried in that southern climate. In 1861 Mr. Grannis married Eliza J. Harrison of Cleveland, who survived him and died at Cleveland December 20, 1910. She is buried in Cleveland. They were the parents of two daughters, Mrs. A. D. Wiese and Mrs. Josephine G. Yergin, both of Cleveland. A. D. WIESE, whose name figures prominently among leading Cleveland real estate men, and who was recently elected treasurer of the Cleveland Real Estate Board, was born on a farm in Germany September 9, 1876, and arrived at New York City after a passage across the Atlantic on May 1, 1895, at the age of nineteen. His cash assets when he put foot on shore at New York were $6.40. With money he borrowed from a friend there he was able to go to Cleveland, and this city has been his home ever since. His boyhood days were spent on his father's farm, and he had of course the usually thorough education of a German youth, both in the common schools and in the high school. With no knowledge of the English language and spurred by the necessity of self preservation, A. D. Wiese went to work in Cleveland as a day laborer at wages of $1.25 per day. However, most of the first two years in this country were spent as a farm hand, and for the long hours and the steady work he got $14 a month. At the same time he put in many diligent evenings in a night school to learn the English language, and during his third year he entered the Spencerian Commercial School which awarded him his diploma in 1900. On December 15, 1900, Mr. Wiese accepted an opening in the real estate office of A. G. Frisbie, with whom he remained about six years. He then opened a real estate office of his own in the Williamson Building and up to the present time has been very successful in handling general real estate and allotments and has been connected with transactions involving some of the best homes and large property interests of Cleveland. June 3, 1903, at Cleveland Mr. Wiese married Mildred J. Grannis, daughter of Joseph S. Grannis, an attorney and old time resident of Cleveland, whose career is briefly reviewed on other pages. Mr. and Mrs. Wiese have one daughter, Alice Antoinette Wiese, born at Cleveland December 1, 1904. Mr. Wiese has been an active member of the Cleveland Real Estate Board since 1914, is a trustee, and in December, 1917, was elected treasurer of the board for 1918. He is also a member of the National Association of Real Estate boards. Mr. Wiese is a member of the Cleveland Chamber of Commerce, the City Club, Cleveland Automobile Club and Cleveland Museum of Art, Civic League and the Tippecanoe Club. His interests outside of business and home are largely represented by art. and artistic organizations and by a fondness for travel. He is a member and trustee of the Euclid Avenue Baptist Church and in Masonry is affiliated with Iris Lodge No. 229 Free and Accepted Masons. EARL T. SHANNON is a Cleveland man, grew up in this city, and his education was obtained chiefly in the schools of this city. His friends and associates say that Mr. Shannon at every successive step of his career has shown himself worthy of responsibility and capable of doing hard and conscientious work. He is by no means an old man now and was much younger when he was given an opportunity and a position in the National Commercial Bank, and in the fifteen years he has been connected with that institution has gained one promotion after another until he is now its cashier. The National Commercial Bank of Cleveland with resources of $13,000,000 is one of the big banks of the Central West and a position among its executive officers is a highly dignified station worthy of any man's utmost strivings and ambition to attain. Mr. Shannon was born at Cleveland March 3, 1878, a son of James Wilson and Mary L. Shannon. His father was one of the early wholesale commission merchants of Cleveland, but he died at Leavenworth, Kansas, in 1888, when his son Earl was only ten years of age. Mrs. Mary L. Shannon is still living at Cleveland, the mother of two sons, Earl T. and James, L., the latter also a resident of Cleveland. CLEVELAND AND ITS ENVIRONS - 195 Earl T. Shannon as a boy attended the old Kentucky Street School on the west side, and from school he went to work earning his living as a runner or bill boy with the Erie Railroad offices. While in that work Mr. Shannon first gained the acquaintance of Thomas E. Monks, who presided at the bill desk of the Erie offices, and who is now president of the Cleve.. land National Bank. Mr. Shannon worked in the Erie offices altogether for eight years and later for two years was assistant to the treasurer of the old C. L. & W. Railway. On March 17, 1902, he became a bookkeeper in the National Commercial Bank, and has ever since been one of that bank's most capable and dependable men.. For two years he was assistant cashier and on January 31, 1917, was promoted to the existing vacancy of cashier, having filled all the intermediary positions through the grades of bookkeeper, teller, etc. He is thoroughly familiar with all the technique of banking and this technical knowledge is fortified by unusual attributes of personality, so that he is accounted one of the National Commercial's best assets. Mr. Shannon is a member of the Cleveland Chamber of Commerce, the Exchange Club, Lakewood Lodge No. 601 Free and Accepted Masons, Cunningham Chapter No. 187 Royal Arch Masons. While he is in the National Commercial Bank practically every day of the year he is a man of broad interests, is a public spirited citizen of Cleveland and keeps in close touch with the performances of the Cleveland baseball team and enjoys nothing better than a good game of that sport. Mr. Shannon and family reside at 1220 Virginia Avenue in Lakewood. June 27, 1901, he married Miss Bertha L. Coburn, who was born at Malvern, Ohio, and was educated partly there and in the Cleveland grammar and high schools. Her parents, William B. and Cora Eliza (Slentz) Coburn, are now living in Cleveland. Mr. and Mrs. Shannon have one son, Harlan C., born at Cleveland March 31, 1905. EDWARD A. NOLL. Cleveland's bulk and importance in the world of today is largely due to the work and works which supply so much of the service and commodities indispensable to the industrial needs of men and nations. Of the larger institutions that give industrial character to Cleveland one is The National Tool Company, which was organized here in May, 1905, and started with a capital of fifty thousand dollars. The working force at first comprised twelve men. The output was milling cutters and special tools. The first quarters were a single floor, 50x100 feet, at 9500 West Madison Avenue. The business was kept growing and prospering on a modest scale, and in 1912 there came the first big addition, when a new plant was constructed at 112th and Madison Avenue, comprising three floors, each 31x150 feet in dimensions. In 1916 the capital was raised to $1,800,000, and in the same year a new building replaced the old one, this also being three stories, each floor being 31x150 feet.. A one-story addition was constructed the same year, 60x150 feet, and in 1917 a three-story office building, 40x80 feet,' was erected. Tbday four hundred men find employment within these shops and offices, and the business is an important and growing unit in Cleveland's industrial prosperity. The president and executive head of this business is Edward A. Noll. There are perhaps a few old-timers in Cleveland who have a dim recollection of this modern day industrial leader as an office boy in the local Y. M. C. A. building. That was perhaps his first real position in Cleveland, and he filled it about a year, when he was fifteen years old. Mr. Noll has been a resident of Cleveland most of his life, but was born in Cumberland, Maryland, May 19, 1867, son of Henry and Elizabeth (Sheermeeser) Noll. In 1877, when he was ten years of age, his parents moved to Cleveland, and his education begun in the schools of his native place, was continued here until he went to work for the Y. M. C. A. His next employment was also as an office boy with Warner & Swasey Company. At the end of eight months he apprenticed himself to learn the machinist trade, and he spent his years learning it thoroughly and in detail until 1887. Therefore, the president of The National Tool Company is not only a business administrator, but has a complete knowledge of all the technical processes involved in the conduct of such a business as he is now the head of. After finishing his apprenticeship he worked as a machinist and tool-maker for the National Tube Company at McKeesport, Pennsylvania, about a year, but returned to Cleveland in 1888, and was machinist and tool-maker with The Cleveland Rubber Company until 1890. In a similar capacity he was with the Cleveland Automatic Machinery Company until 1892, at which date he became foreman of the Standard Tool Company. He remained with that old established Cleveland corporation for thirteen 196 - CLEVELAND AND ITS ENVIRONS years, only withdrawing from it in May, 1905, to organize The National Tool Company, of which he has since been president and general manager. The other original officers were : H. A. Dustemeyer, vice president; Henry Vogel, secretary, and George J. Meyer, treasurer. The present officers, besides Mr. Noll as president and general manager, are Charles L. Bradley, vice president; Samuel J. Kornhauser, secretary and treasurer. Mr. Noll is also a director of the City Savings and Loan Company, president of the Western Reserve Chemical Company, director of the Ilsheck Tool Company. In earlier years he was quite active in local military affairs. He first joined the Euclid Light Infantry, which finally became Company I of the Fifth Regiment Ohio National Guard. He was first sergeant in that organization. Later he organized Company K of the Fifth Regiment, becoming second lieutenant and later was its captain, and had command of the company during the Spanish-American war, being stationed at Tampa, Florida. After close of Spanish-American war was elected major, which position he resigned and was placed on retired list of officers of the Ohio National Guard. Mr. Noll is a member of the Knights of Pythias, the Cleveland Athletic Club, the East Shore Country Club, Westwood Country Club, Automobile Club, Cleveland Chamber of Commerce and Cleveland Chamber of Industry, and Chamber of Commerce of the United States, and as a voter uses his independent judgment to direct his ballot. In March, 1893, he married at Cleveland Lulu Miller. They have one son, Edward Leonard, a student in the West Technical High School. WESLEY C. RICHARDSON. From the time it was founded over a century ago to the present Cleveland has been favored, in addition to the remarkable enterprise of its citizenship, by its location at a point where the commerce of the Great Lakes and the vast hinterland meet and concentrate. The presence of Lake Erie at its doors has influenced practically every phase of Cleveland's progress and prosperity. Naturally, many of the men who have been justly called the makers of Cleveland have been directly or indirectly identified with the business of Great Lakes transportation and in this group there is hardly a more noteworthy figure than Wesley C. Richardson who more than sixty years ago had his first experience "before the mast" on Lake Erie. Mr. Richardson is head of W. C. Richardson & Company, vessel owners and brokers, and is also manager of several lake transportation companies. His birth occurred at Unionville, Ohio, June 10, 1840, a son of Henry and Mary (Cunning. ham) Richardson. His father was not only a merchant but also at one time light house keeper, and in 1844 kept the light house at Madison dock. Madison was then a port of entry for all the steamboats and vessels plying on Lake Erie. Mr. Richardson both through his father and mother is of English ancestry. His early life was spent at Ashtabula, where he attended the public schools. Having removed from Unionville to Ashtabula when ten years old he well remembers the old stage coaches that stopped at Unionville for breakfast at the old Stage House of which Spencer Shears was proprietor. In 1856 at the age of sixteen he became a common sailor on a sailing vessel, and in 1863 rose to the dignity and responsibilities of first mate. A year later he left the lake and from 1864 to 1866 was connected with Wells & Faulkner, wholesale and retail grocers, who were the largest handlers of cheese, wool and fruit in the United States at that time at Ashtabula. He then made his first venture as a vessel owner, purchasing the schooner Transport, and sailed on it as first mate until 1880. Once more becoming a landsman he spent fifteen years as traveling representative for Brigg, Hathaway & Garrettson in the wholesale grocery trade. Mr. Richardson then formed a partnership with Mr. H. J. Webb, to manage and operate vessels. At the death of Mr. Webb the firm name was changed to W. C. Richardson & Company. This company, as a matter of incidental interest, was the first tenant to move into the Leader-News Building after it was completed, and the offices of the company are there to the present time. Prior to that the company maintained offices in the Perry Paine Building. Captain Richardson knows and is known by prominent men in transportation circles all around the Great Lakes and is one of the most highly esteemed members of Cleveland's business fraternity. His loyalty and affection for old friends is well known and is the source of a pleasing practice which he has cultivated for many years and which has adorned the walls of his private office in the Leader-News Building with framed photographs of men whose friendship he enjoys, and from these frames there look out upon him faces of many of Cleveland 's best known and most promi CLEVELAND AND ITS ENVIRONS - 197 nent citizens. Many have pronounced it the largest and the most interesting collection of the kind in Cleveland. The outer offices are also adorned with many other photographs. At different times in his career Mr. Richardson has served as an executive officer in the Miller Transit Company, the Hanna Transit Company, Norton Transit Company, Richardson Transportation Company, Hubbard Steamship Company, Jackson Transit Company, treasurer Great Lakes Protective Association, of which he was one of the founders in 1909, rind Lake Carriers Association. In the fall of 1915 Captain Richardson bought six ships for Oglebay, Norton & Company and the mines they own and represent, and is now closely associated with Oglebay, Norton & Company as manager of the Montreal Transit Company, Castile Transit Company, Bristol Transit Company, Fort Henry Transit Company, and Yosemite Transit Company. He is also manager of the Mentor Transit Company and the Crescent Transit Company, and now has twenty boats in his fleet, and as a broker his company handles a large number of boats for other owners. Captain Richardson is well known socially, is a member of the Union Club, Roadside Club, Clifton Club and the Cleveland Chamber of Commerce. His home is at 11309 Wade Park Avenue. In 1863 he married Calista M. Sykes of Ashtabula. Their one daughter, Cara Louise, is Mrs. Tracy H. Paine of Ashtabula. CLARENCE EDWARD RICHARDSON. A hard and consistent worker in various lines of business in the Cleveland district for many years, Clarence E. Richardson is most widely known in Great Lakes transportation circles, as a member of the firm W. C. Richardson & Company, vessel owners and brokers, and marine insurance agents. Mr. Richardson comes of a family that has been more or less closely identified with the Great Lakes shipping interests through three generations. Mr. Richardson was born on Christmas Day December 25, 1856, at Ashtabula, Ohio, son of Capt. Chauncey and Eliza (Scoville) Richardson. His grandfather, Henry Richardson, was a pioneer of the Northern Ohio Lake Shore region, was a merchant, and at one time was light house keeper at Madison dock. It was at Madison dock that Capt. Chauncey Richardson was born in 1832. Capt. Chauncey Richardson was a brother of Capt. W. C. Richardson, head of the business W. C. Richardson & Company, and one of the most prominent vessel owners and managers of the Great Lakes. Captain Chauncey was also prominent in lake shipping circles, was captain of a vessel many years, and for five years during Grover Cleveland's administration was collector of customs at Ashtabula Harbor. In politics he was a democrat. Captain Chauncey died suddenly while on a pleasure trip with his wife and friends. His death occurred just at noon while the steamer Samuel Mitchell was opposite Marquette on Lake Superior bound for Duluth. His wife, who was born at Ashtabula in 1832, died in that city in 1902. They were the parents of two sons, Clarence E. and Charles Henry. The latter resides at Ashtabula, has had an active career as a banker and merchant and for the past twenty-five years has been associated with Richards Brothers, wholesale grocers of Ashtabula, being buyer for the firm. While a member of an old and substantial family of Ashtabula, Clarence E. Richardson from youth up has made his own abilities his badge of merit and the chief source and reliance for success. After an education in the public schools of his native city he went to work for the Lake Shore & Michigan Southern Railway, and was in the Ashtabula offices for nine years, the last six being spent as cashier. For five years he was secretary of the Bradley Company, manufacturers of shafts and poles at Ashtabula. When this company was taken over by the Pioneer Pole & Shaft Company he went on the road as salesman for the McCart-Cristy Company of Cleveland. In 1901 he entered the office of his uncle, Capt. W. C. Richardson, and since that time his energies have been completely absorbed in the extensive connections of this firm with Great Lakes transportation and the ownership and management of vessels. His work made him a valuable member of the firm and now for a number of years he has been one of the partners. Reference to the extensive interests combined under the name W. C. Richardson & Company will be found in the sketch of Capt. W. C. Richardson. Clarence E. Richardson is a man of versatile tastes and interests. In younger days he was a lover of amusements and theatricals and for some time acted as treasurer of the Walter Maines shows. His home is in Bad Cleveland. He is a member of the Cleveland Chamber of Commerce and the Shipmasters Association. His Masonic record is an interesting one. He 198 - CLEVELAND AND ITS ENVIRONS is member and past master of Rising Sun Lodge No. 22 Free and Accepted Masons at Ashtabula, a member of Western Reserve Chapter Royal Arch Masons at Ashtabula, Columbian Commandery No. 52 Knights Templar, Cleveland Council Royal and Select Masons, is a life member of the Scottish Rite in the Lake Erie Consistory, life member of Al Koran Temple of the Mystic Shrine at Cleveland. In 1890 twenty-seven years ago Mr. Richardson was a prime mover in the founding of the first Elks Lodge at Ashtabula, known as Ashtabula Lodge No. 208 Benevolent and Protective Order of Elks. This lodge today has 500 members and Mr. Richardson has a life membership and is past exalted ruler. He also belongs to the Ashtabula County Society of Cleveland. On March 10, 1885, at Ashtabula he married. Miss Caroline E. King of Youngstown, daughter of Wallace B. and Eliza (McHugh) King, both now deceased. Mrs. Richardson was born at Racine, Wisconsin, but was educated in the public schools of Youngstown, Ohio, and at Hiram College. She is a member of the Hiram Club of Cleveland, of several other social organizations and an active club worker. DAVID HARRIS HOPKINS, an attorney at law with offices in the Engineers' Building, is also principal and instructor in mathematics at. the Cleveland Preparatory School, which he founded and which is now under the auspices of Baldwin-Wallace College. The Cleveland Preparatory School occupies a rather unusual and a most useful place in .the Cleveland educational system. "The purpose of the school," to quote the college Bulletin, "is to give young men and women a chance to secure a high school education without interfering with their daily occupations. The school is planned to accommodate those who work during the daytime but who are deficient in their high school education and desire to complete the necessary work for the bar examination and other examinations where a high school education is the minimum requirement." Thus it performs a part which the much agitated "continuation school" movement contemplates and the experience of the last seven years shows that this school has more than proved its usefulness in affording opportunities to acquire a high school education by night study. Several hundred young men and women have been assisted to higher education, and many of them are found today in the active walks of business and professional life. David Harris Hopkins was born at Granger, Medina County, Ohio, October 8, 1882, a son of Chauncey I. and Allie (Harris) Hopkins. One of his paternal ancestors, Stephen Hopkins, was one of the signers of the Declaration of Independence, and was descended from John Hopkins, who settled • in Cambridge, Massachusetts in 1630 and later removed to Hartford, Connecticut, in 1636. Stephen Hopkins was a brother of Esek Hopkins, the first commander-in-chief of the navy, and of the first American fleet, with rank of admiral. After his naval experiences he settled near Providence, Rhode Island, where he exerted great political influence, having been for many years a member of the Assembly. He graduated from the Granger High School in 1900 and the following year attended the Ohio Northern University at Ada and in 1911 received his law and Ph. B. degrees from Baldwin-Wallace College. Mr. Hopkins opened a law office and began the practice of law in the Engineers' Building in November, 1911. In June of the same year he organized The Cleveland Preparatory School, which began with an enrollment of a few students, but has grown and prospered until it enjoys an established place in the educational system of the city. In August, 1914, the school became an organic part of Baldwin-Wallace College, and is an extension department of the academy proper and directly under the supervision and control of the college. Mr. Hopkins is a man of many interests and successful in them all. He is interested in farming, owning a splendid stock farm where he is breeding Holstein-Friesian cattle, Poland-China hogs and fancy poultry. He was formerly a director of the Cleveland Poultry Breeders' Association. Mr: Hopkins is affiliated with the Masonic Order, the Independent Order of Odd Fellows, the Knights of the Maccabees and with the Sigma Kappa Phi college fraternity. His home is at Berea, seat of Baldwin-Wallace College. At Granger, Ohio, January 16, 1904, he married Vim Marie Kerstetter, the daughter of William J. and Amelia (Turner) Kerstetter. On her mother's side she is a descendant of Revolutionary stock and a long line of teachers and ministers. Her father was a soldier in the Civil war, a scientist and a lecturer. Mrs. Hopkins is a singer, and an active CLEVELAND AND ITS ENVIRONS - 199 club woman. She was president of the Berea. Literary Club, is now treasurer of Commodore Perry Chapter, United States Daughters of 1832, and a Red Cross worker. CHRISTIAN GIRL. The stable foundations upon which commercial prosperity is built undoubtedly rest in the great manufacturing interests of a country and a successful development of interests in the manufacturing field determines a nation's importance both at home and abroad. Opportunity may be found on every hand and the time may seem advantageous for the launching of concerns in many directions, but without men of power, foresight and business acumen to recognize these opportunities and grasp them, no progress is made and no favorable results attained. On the other hand, through the activities of individuals who seem naturally qualified for leadership, possessing with other necessary qualities the courage which leads them to undertake and the patience which enables them to foster and nourish, enterprises are developed from small beginnings into vast aggregations of capital and efficiency. In the latter category is found Christian Girl, who, a resident of Cleveland for something short of a quarter of a century, has within the last eleven years assumed a powerful position in the manufacturing world of the city as the founder and president of the Perfection Spring Company and, more recently, as head of the Standard Parts Company. Christian Girl was born at Elkhart, Indiana, December 31, 1874, a son of Joseph and Catherine Girl. He received his education in the public schools of his native place, and so closely did he apply himself to his studies in high school that his health was affected and it was thought advisable that he seek outdoor employment. He came to Cleveland in the year 1895, at an inauspicious time, for business in a number of lines was almost at a standstill, there being 20,000 men idle in the city, and jobs of any kind were at a premium. Conditions were most discouraging and Mr. Girl sought in vain for employment until, with but 20 cents in his pockets, he succeeded in getting a private street cleaning company to give him employment at less than $6 per week. During the next two years he worked in this humble capacity, giving the best of his services to his employers, but always looking into the future and planning better things. He was constantly on the lookout for some means of advancing himself, and finally his oppor tunity came•when he noticed an advertisement of government civil service examinations for letter carriers. He began to study nights for those examinations, and after passing the examination with good marks was appointed a letter carrier and doffed the overalls of the laborer for the uniform of his country's mail service. During the next seven years, working at a salary of $1,000 per annum, he found time from his duties as a distributor of mail to engage in small real estate deals as a side line, to study land values and to perfect himself by practice in a small way in what seemed to be his particular talent, that of organizing. In 1906 he met a man who had a patent on an automobile spring, and immediately organized the Perfection Spring Company, with a capital of $10,000. Up to that time spring making had not been considered a manufacturing business, and the spring makers who served the carriage trade did not have to evolve a high quality of the article produced. Springs for the carriage trade were handmade, and instead of being given heat treatment in the modern sense were "chilled." The requirements for making automobile springs are much more exacting. In 1906, when the Perfection Spring Company went into the automobile spring business, despite the fact that the spring makers for the carriage trade were doing work eminently satisfactory for the carriage makers, their services for the automobile business were not satisfactory. Thus was an excellent opportunity opened up, and the new company immediately found a ready response to its high aims and aspirations for quality. -among the trade. When he started the business Mr. Girl's capital was small and his first plant was a small shop in the rear of the Society for Savings Building. He spent the first $100 of the company in securing the charter patents and started business with himself and a stenographer acting in the capacity of office force. The idea at first had been to have some other spring company do the actual work of manufacturing this article, a beautiful and easy-riding spring, but the demand, after the first prejudices had been swept aside, grew to such proportions that the company was encouraged to rent a small building at Viaduct and West Superior Avenue, with a floor space of 30x50 feet, where, employing three men, the firm began manufacturing. In 1911 it was again found necessary to enlarge, and the company now occupies two plants, covering three and one-half acres of ground, its new