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CONTENTS PART ONE THE CITY AND ITS SETTING SECTION I

PROLOGUE : BEFORE MOSES
Division I. What to World Was Doing Division II. The Waiting Continent Division III. The Pressure of Population Division IV. The Northwest Territory Division V. The Western Reserve	3 6 11 15 19
SECTION II THE CURTAIN RISES
Chapter I. The Connecticut Land Company. Chapter II. Enter Moses Chapter III. The Scene Chapter IV. Unknown Clevelanders Chapter V. The Glacier Chapter VI. Here Come the Indians Chapter VII. Early Explorers and Settlers Chapter VIII. The Heckewelder Description Chapter IX. Exit Moses	23 33 49 54 65 79 95 107 112
SECTION III THE PIONEERS
Chapter I. The Winter of 1796 Chapter II. The Second Summer Chapter III. Cutting and Building Chapter IV. Business Beginnings Chapter V. The Dawn of Culture	119 131 141 161 184
vii viii - CONTENTS
SECTION IV THE CANAL ERA
Chapter I. Forest Trails to Towlines Chapter II. Two Famous Waterways Chapter III. Sailing Vessels Chapter IV. Land Rush and Boom Chapter V. The City of Cleveland Chapter VI. Directory of 1837	221 228 243 254 272 277
PART TWO THE CITY'S WORK SECTION V STEAM
Chapter I. Walk-in-the-Water Chapter II. Steam on Wheels	289 318
SECTION VI CIVIC GROWTH
Chapter I. General Progress Chapter II. Business Chapter III. Colleges Chapter IV. Churches Chapter V. Miscellaneous Chapter VI. Banks Chapter VII. Population Chapter VIII. Water Chapter IX. Cemeteries Chapter X. Hotels, Theaters, etc. Chapter XI. Street Railways Chapter XII. Cleveland Business in 1865	339 348 358 361 369 376 380 386 390 399 418 428
CONTENTS - ix SECTION VII STEEL
Chapter I. Introduction Chapter II. Iron Ore Chapter III. Shipping Chapter IV. Coal Chapter V. Manufacturing	433 435 480 510 533
PART THREE THE CITY'S WEALTH AND POWER
Chapter I. Oil Chapter II. Electricity Chapter III. Motors Chapter IV. War—How Cleveland Waged It Chapter V. General Industry Chapter VI. Merchandising Chapter VII. Banks and Bankers Chapter VIII. The Terminal	593 645 686 744 781 815 839 861
PART FOUR THE CITY'S LIFE
Chapter I. Who We Are Chapter II. Government Chapter III. Education Chapter IV. The Press Chapter V. Art and Architecture Chapter VI. Music and Drama Chapter VII. Play Chapter VIII. The Shaker Settlement Chapter IX. Religion and Philanthropy	881 905 948 1023 1051 1102 1150 1181 1201

ILLUSTRATIONS VOLUME I
Moses Cleaveland - Frontispiece Seth Pease Colonel Charles Whittlesey Judge James Kingsbury Cleveland's first Courthouse Leonard Case David Long Nathan Perry, Sr. Quaint map of Cleveland in 1825 Abraham Hickox William A. Otis Old Trinity Church, 1829 First Cleveland Academy, built in 1821, on St. Clair Avenue near West Sixth Street One of the earliest schools in Cleveland, 1817 The Chapel at Western Reserve Academy, Hudson, Ohio Old Toll House on the Toll Road to Detroit, corner of Detroit Avenue and Warren Road Alfred Kelley. The Ohio Canal, which once brought wealth to Cleveland Levi Johnson View Eastward from Bank (West Sixth) and St. Clair Avenue in 1833 Columbus Street Bridge, 1835 Cleveland, looking Westward from center of Public Square, 1835 Samuel Williamson "Walk-in-the-Water," in 1818 Cuyahoga River mouth in 1873   River and Flats seen from Detroit Avenue in the old sailing days Modern Cleveland passenger ship "Dummy Line" train operating between Cleveland and Rock: River, 1880 Powerful electric passenger locomotive of type now used within city limits Moses Kelley Henry B. Payne	...... 43 71 121 163 167 167 167 171 177 177 187 191 191 205 223 231 237 245 259 265 273 279 291 299 305 311 323 329 343 343
- xi - xii - LIST OF ILLUSTRATIONS
Ontario Street, looking South from Public Square, 1860   Harvey Rice   Panorama of Cleveland and Ohio City from South Side, 1851 Cleveland in 1853, from bluff on West Side of Cuyahoga View of Public Square from Old Courthouse, 1875 McIlrath Tavern in 1860 Weddell House, built in 1845, from balcony of which Lincoln spoke in his 1860 campaign Public Square in 1910 South Side of Public Square, looking toward Euclid Avenue, in Civil War period West Superior Avenue, looking toward Public Square from West Ninth Street, 1876 Ore Piles, chief source of Cleveland's wealth, on the water front Modern ore boat unloading on the river  Steamship Onoko, first iron steamer used on the Great Lakes  Freighters in Cleveland Harbor awaiting opening of navigation The Busy Cuyahoga Cuyahoga River and Flats—The heart of industrial Cleveland  Steel mill blast furnace at night	353 371 381 381 395 401 405 409 419 423 449 465 485 493 501 549 571
VOLUME II
Down-town Cleveland, from the Terminal to the Lake and eastward, as a flyer sees it Birthplace of the Standard Oil Company Standard Oil Refinery First Cleveland Telephone Directory Headquarters Building, The Ohio Bell Telephone Company Pioneer Automobile, a Winton, 1902 Cleveland Water Front, showing big amphibian passenger and mail plane taking off for Detroit Municipal Airport, a pioneer institution Union Station with Terminal Group of buildings fronting on Public Square Administration Building for the Board of Education, Latest addition to the Civic Group Plan Medical Group of Buildings, Western Reserve Unversity Cleveland's New Public Library Cleveland Art Gallery Herman N. Matzen The Poet Schiller Architectural and Landscape Style of 1870	.... 601 637 667 667 689 739 739 867 953 981 1011 1065 1079 1079 1083
LIST OF ILLUSTRATIONS - xiii
Cleveland's Famous Group Plan after the passage of thirty-three years and the expenditure of forty millions of dollars 1089 Central-Lorain Bridge 1093 Superior High Level Bridge 1093 Rocky River Bridge 1093 Modern Cleveland Homes, Shaker Boulevard 1097 A Typical Modern Residence Street, Warrington Road 1097 Homes on Shelbourne Road 1097 Adella Prentiss Hughes 1121 Nikolai Sokoloff 1125 Severance Hall 1125 The Foyer, Severance Hall 1129 Approach to Severance Hall 1129 Cleveland Public Auditorium 1137 View of the Great Metropolitan Park 1153 The Fine Arts Garden in Wade Park 1157 Doan Brook in the early days of Wade Park 1157 Cleveland's Coliseum 1163 Yachting Scene off Edgewater Park 1171 View taken in 1870 of Mill built in 1843 in Shaker Settlement 1195 First Baptist Church in 1835 1203 Old View of East Fourteenth Street and Euclid Avenue 1207 Euclid Avenue in 1884, Looking from East Sixth Street toward East Ninth 1211

The Index for Volume 1 and 2 INDEX - A - "A Bad Cat," "A Big Dog," etc., not used 194 Abbey, Grove N. 351 Abrasive Industry 1050 Absurdities of Specific bequests 852 Academy of Music 411, 1140 Accident gave Bell what he wanted 663 Accomplishments of Commerce Chamber 837 Ackley, H. A.  61 Ackley, Dr. H. C. 378 Ackley, J. A. 152 Acme Machine Co. 785 Acorn Refining Co. 791 Acquired Dodge Brothers 716 Acres in various parks 1159 Actors trained with Ellsler 411 Actual Capital One Billion Dollars 566 Adams, Amasa 186 Adams, C. E., Announced results 766, 1229 Adams Mine in Eveleth group 463 Adless Newspaper attempts 1048 Adult Education Ass'n 892, 995 Adventure in Adult Education, An 989 "Adventurers" and amounts of subscriptions 27 Adventurers' profits very meager 160 Advised drilling fewer wells 610 Advisory War Board 751 Always a drive for funds 766 Agassiz, Prof. Louis 448 Age of Steel, 433; marked by patent to Bessemer, 542; rode in a converter 546 Ages of Students from 16 to 76 991 Aid voted to Railroad 275 Aikin, Rev. Samuel 284 Airport beacon 741 Airport will be Hopkins' real monument 743 Air races 1167 Ajax Mfg. Co. 785 Akron Settled by Canal Workers 256 Alabama district 473 Albany Journal carried story of Weddell House 404 Album, Helen Whistler 1147 Album, John A., quoted 261 Alfred lifted handful of red dirt from rut—found it very heavy 457 Alive to responsibility. to community 1047 All cities placed in same Strait-jacket 913 All (play) provided without money 1180 "All who wish to go back East" 483 Allen broke record—made ton in ten hours 535 Allen, Cola Ethan, an iron master 534 Allen, Gaston G. 355 Allen, John W. 376 Allen, Nehemiah 320 Allen was Mayor in 1841 912 Allison, Grace, chief nurse 757 Allison, Robert 686 Allopathic College supplemented by the Homeopathic 360 Allotments sprung up on all sides 263 Allyne-Ryan Co. 787 Almost ripe for rhythm classes 412 Alphabetical list of intermediate raw materials turned out here 811 Alphabetical table of industries 802 Aluminum Co. of America 787 Amateur electricians making sending and, receiving sets 671 Amateur groups 1146 Ambitions of beginners aroused 1067 American farmers used it to smoke meats 530 American Fork and Hoe Co., (War work) 778 American Fur Co., The 244 American gasoline consumption 733 American Guild of Organists 1115 American House, The 174, 285, 403 American ingenuity in War 778 American iron first mined in Virginia 435 American Marconi Co 670 American Multigraph Co. (War work) 776 American Protective League 755 "American Ruhr, The" 14, 800 American Savings Bank Co 851 American Shipbuilding Co., 504; War work 779 American Steel and Wire Co. 554 American Steel and Wire Co. of New Jersey 556 American Steel Barge Co. 488 A moving power plant 717 Ample supply of pure Water 385 Andrews, J. H. 444, 480 Andrews, Samuel, 599; was important factor 633 Angier House 407 Anilin dyes 531 "Annals of the Early Settlers' Assn." 384 Annexation lost 383 Annexation of South Brooklyn 927 Annual production $60,000,000 684 Annunciation built "for the French" 891 Another railway in 1851 332 Anshe Chesed Congregation 368 Anshe Chesed Society 1209 Anshutz thought forty tons a week remarkable output 535 Anthracene or Green oil 530 Anti-War parties arrested 762 Antique silver spoons found 100 Apartment buildings 1096 Apollo 674 Apollo Hall 408 Apparel group 833 Arbitration begun 1046 Archbold, John D. 612 Architecture 1082 Architectural pride was courthouse 283 Arc lights good for outdoors 652 Arco Company 791 Army of 180,000 workmen 567 Army tank crumpled auto on street 771 Art and Architecture 1051 Art groups and their struggles 1070 Art in public schools 1070 Art, like Music never prominent in New England 207 Art Loan Exhibit, 1893 1076 Artists and their specialties 1064 Artists who gained international recognition 1072 Arthur, Alfred F. 1106 Articles issued to survey parties 135 Articles of Agreement (teacher) 189 - 1235 - 1236 - INDEX Articles of Association 31 Artificial gas yields to cheaper natural 524 Arrogance of "Aristocrats" their undoing 557 Asked $6,000,000 for "Victory Chest" 772 Assets, end of 1931, $2,280,000,000 570 Associated Charities figures 1228 Association of Licensed Automobile Mfrs. 712 A solitary pigeon came! 126 Astor, John Jacob 480 Asylums 397 A. & P. Stores 827 Atwater, Amzi 136 Austin, Aaron 26 Austin Powder Co 791 Authorities on Ohio pioneers 152 Automatic- machinery to make parts 713 Automobile and bus cut in on St. Rys. 679 Auto cab replaced horse cab 727 Automobile construction changes 725 Automobile distribution resists chain trend 826 Auto factories working day and night 748 Automobile fatalities 733 Auto filling stations 825 Auto financing had rough going 699 Auto has as many birthplaces as Homer 686 Automobile impossible without petroleum lubricants 633 Auto production, 1900-1915 718 Auto Statistics 732 Automobile the main reason 628 Automotive group 832 Automotors abstract 1050 Autos on the market 701 Averill Paint Co. 789 Avery, E. M., quoted 35 Aviation 737 Aviation Row 741 Avon Station 683 Ax marks on trees 95 Axes were ground 134 Ayres, Col. Leonard P. 735 B Baackes, of Amer. Wire Nail Co., interested Henry Chisholm 555 Baackes Wire Nail Co. 556 Baby died—no milk 125 Bacher, Otto 1052 Backus, Franklin T. 348 Backus, Robert H. 301 Bacon, Francis 604 Bacon or Leonardo da Vinci might have guessed 513 Bacon wrote prospectus for Hudson's Bay Co. 24 Bacon's Class in Architecture 1060 Badger, Rev. Joseph, preached first sermon, 184; Missionary Society, 185; reported "no apparent piety," 1202; 1201 Badin, Very Rev. Stephen 366, 1205 Bad news for Brewers and public 774 Baehr, Herman C. 930 Bailey, Henry Turner 1060 Bailey's 822 Baker, Elbert H., 622, 1043; to rescue, 1045; recalled earlier day, 1046; thought of Judge Tayler 1047 Baker Motor Vehicle Co. 697 Baker, Newton D., 588, 751; Secretary of War, came, 762; told of fighting spirit "over there," 771; became mayor, 937; headed Cleveland group in home rule fight 937 Baker, Walter C. 691 Baking industry 798 Baldwin, Dudley 180, 349, 360 Baldwin, E. I. 351 Baldwin, Norman C. 349 Ball at Seth Doan's tavern, 1811 1103. Ball Clubs, games played 1165 Ball game starts Erie extinction 92 Ball, Webb C. 822 Ballard, John & Co 786 B. & O. first Amer. Ry. to use Electric motive power 679 Bancroft, George, was the orator 370 Band concerts 1168 Bank after bank went down 339 Bank lasted forty years 840 Bank of Cleveland 376, 851 Bank of Commerce 859 Bank of the United States 268 Bank plates stolen, notes counterfeited 841 Bankers' National Bank 858 Banking ideas 269 Banks, 376, 429; and Bankers 838 Banks gasped, went out of business 270 Banks, Newspapers, Early 278 Banks of Cleveland today 851 Baptist church 284, 1213 Barbed wire and woven wire appeared 553 Barber, Josiah 322 Bardons & Oliver 785 Barefoot Square, Slabsides, Allegheny City 559 Barges built to float heavy freight on river 537 Bar iron rolled in Pittsburgh 537 Barker, Phineas, had fever and ague 126 Barnes was toastmaster 875 Barnett, Melancthon 348 Barney & Co., D. N. 304 Barnsdall, William 595 Barnum had theater here, 412; started theater in Kelley Block 1140 Barr, Judge, quoted 120 Barred from Waterfront in home town 461 Barrett Company 792 Barrick's "Early Snow" first in landscape 1063 Barstow & Co. 301 Bartlett, C. O. 785 Bartol, George 552 Baseball 1160 Basketball 1179 Bathing 1166 Batteaux 243 Bay Village Players 1147 Beasley, Norman 433 Beaugrand Sisters 892 Beautiful ridge obliterated 375 Beautiful small lakes 109 Beck, Johann 1127 Became first Steel King 546 "Bee" for raising cabin on East Side 352 Beebe, Allen & .Co. 301 Beehive oven, The 526 Beethoven 4 Before Brush 648 Belden, Clifford 355 Belden's tavern served dinner 239 Belgium "ran in blood" 748 Bell, Alexander Graham, 661; telephone receiver made practicable, 654; had school of vocal physiology, 662; misread German illustrations, 662; tried to patent telephone in England, 664; sued Western Union 665 Bell, Henry 295 Ben the Negro rescued 153 Bender Body Co 731 Beneker, Gerrit A. 1063 Benjamin Franklin of Cleveland, The 286 Bentley, E. M., quoted 677 Benz, Karl 693 Benzol 529 Berkeley, John, came in 1619 533 Bernet, John P., secured by Vans, 864; like Morgan, "sold" on Vans 865 Bernhardt, Sarah 1141 Berries, nuts, honey 50 Berry, Maj. John 738 Bessemer Co. built for Rockefeller twelve vessels up to 475 feet 487 INDEX - 1237 "Bessemer ores" and "Non-Bessemer ores" 546 Best American coals for coking 526 Best residences on three streets 249 Bethel Church 275, 285 Better lights and Channel marks 310 Better products at lower cost 684 Bicknell, Minor 136 Biddle, J. W., in Pittsburgh American, on death of Kingsbury 130 Big building boom with Superior ore development 500 "Big Consolidated" 922 Big Flats lumber fire 746 Big Four cities of the Lakes 316 Big interests 578 Big need was cheap steel 542 Big steel men changed their minds, were interested 463 Big stores opened branches 823 Bigelow, A. D. 355 Bigelow Lodge organized 355 Biggar, Dr. 626 Bigger, better town pump 272 Biggest piping project attempted 615 Billiards 1179 Bingham, William T. 348 Bishop Purcell 366 Bishop Rappe 366 Bison covered the plains 7 Bispham, David 1123 Bissell, Benjamin 360 Bissell, Geo. H. 593 Bituminous fields of Pa. 521 Biwabik group discovered 459 Black, Col. Louis 822 Blacks, The 894 Blacksnake, in Buffalo Commercial 92 Blair, A. O. 360 Blair, John 180, 257, 298, 348 Blanchard, Thomas 692 Blanchard's Troupe 408 Blankets for horse collars 102 Blast furnaces used 200 cords of wood a day 539 Blighted areas to be reclaimed 1101 Blind had help 1230 Blundering Federal engineers 443 Board of Commissioners for Lottery 230 Board of Directors, elected for life 373 Board of Education 883 Board of Fire Underwriters of Cleveland 379 Board of fund Commissioners 384 Board of Managers for schools 345 Board of Trade originated 182 Board of Trade summary of 1865 business 428 Board of Water Works trustees Elected 388 Boats and their builders and masters 483 Boats, Early 174 Doff, Felix M., acting bishop 891 Bohemians 887 Bohm, Max 1052 Bole, Ben P. 1044 Bolton, Thomas 422 Bonds were investment—Red Cross giving was "for keeps" 758 Books, harness, trunks 430 Booth, Dr. C. C. 688 Bootlegging was common 345 Borrowed on Tower's reputation 453 Boss, in politics explained, 941; is not a dictator 945 Boston linked with San Francisco 665 Boston Symphony Orchestra 1124 Bothwell, J. D., got revolutionary idea 476 Bought business for $2,000 he didn't have 709 Bought out EMF Company 708 Bought interest in Machine Shop 503 Bought lands under water 29 Bought old Schweinfurth Church 1144 Bought option on Shaker Heights tract 863 Boulton, Matthew 284 Bourne-Fuller Co. 571 Boursel, Charles 661 Bowler & Maher 786 Bowler Foundry Co. 786 Bowling 1171 Boyden, Rev. E. 284 Boyer, Merle 106: Boys became joke 458 Boys' Farm at Hudson 1211 Boys fired stream 741 Brace, Jonathan 30 Bradburn, Charles 350 Braddock came 13 Bradley, Capt. Alva 296, 499, 651 Bradley, Charles L. 861 Bradley Chemical Co, 861 Bradley fleet, The 491 Bradstreet, Colonel 91 Bradstreet's cornerstone Address 191 Brainard, A. H. 360 Brainard's Opera House 411 Branch railways built 326 Branches of Cleveland Trust Co. 851 Brant, Captain 40 Brayton, H. F. 371 Bread was unpalatable 141 Brecksville Reservation 1156 Breitung, Edward, had interests 451 Breitung got cold feet—Tower bought his stock 451 Brett, Jacob 651 Brick and Tile 798 Bridge enraged West-siders 910 Bridge built 264 Bridges were built 221 Bridges, Churches 1091 Briggs, James A. 321 Bright Duluth persons not cocksure 451 "Bright young men" 924 British ironmasters were peeved 534 British outlawed and confiscated property of English-born iron workers 534 Broadcasting was business, not philanthropy 671 Brockman, Edward - 556 Broken physically and mentally 468 Bronson & Hewitt 301 Brooks Theater 1141 Brothers and Sisters had separate houses 1190 Brough, Walter H. 1061 Brought a Still from Virginia 161 Brown, Alexander E. 471 Brown, Fayette 47 Brown, John Hartness 821 Brown, Thomas 360 Brown Hoist ore unloader 781 Brown Hoisting Machinery Co. 471 Brown originated principle of construction 481 Browne, Joseph R. 781 Brownell, Abner C. 380 Brownell, Mayor, found powers less 911 Browning Crane Co. 781 Browning machine gun tripod 771 Brush, Charles F., 645, 648, and the President of France, 648; honors paid him, 648; lamp, 650; arc lights, 682; Electric. Light & Power Co. 682, 686 Brush and Edison first really successful ones 657 Brush built small dynamo 646 Brush Electric Co. 646 Brush lights soon spread everywhere 648 Bryant, David 165, 791 Bryant, Gilman 165 Bryant's log distillery 816 Bryant's Poems 211 Buckeye House 174 Buckeye Insurance Co. 378 Buckland, Captain 47 Buckskin clothes 149 Buell found "blue ore" 447 Buffalo Company, The 910 Buhrer, Stephen, elected mayor 915 1238 - INDEX Build houses to rent cheaply 763 Builders of homes on Square 873 Building and Loan associations came 844 Built everything to make himself independent 721 Built furnace on James River 533 Built gallows that hanged Poccon Omic 174 Built melodeons, organs 1104 Built ships with iron sides, wood bottoms 488 Built Union Rolling Mills 541 Built and operated airplanes 721 Bulgarian molders brought here 886 Bull, C. G. 791 Bulletins give time of arrival and departure 742 Bureau of Bank Credits 848 Burgdorff, Ferdinand 1072 Burke, Mrs. E. S., Jr. 764 Burke, Judge and Mrs. 1054  Burned gas as waste product 523 Burnham, Daniel 1092 Burns, Robert 4 Burrall, Joseph 101 Burrows Brothers Co. 83 Burt, Wm. A. 437 Bushnell prosecuted, found guilty 425 Business, 348; beginnings, 161; concluded with Indians, 41; firms of 1835, 248; men raised $400,000 for Y. M. C. A., 755; by wholesalers, 834; edging away from hub 871 Bus line and truck really preceded railroads 728 Bus lines 728 Bus terminal 728 Buses in use in U. S 733 Buss, John 199 Butter six cents a pound 169 Buyers were few, even at reduced prices 159 By miracles they put through their line 461 By-Products Coke Corporation 528 Bystander, The 1049 C Cables followed everywhere 661 Cadillac Motor Car Co 696 Caldwell & Elliott, Detroit 101 Caldwell, John 30 Caley, Fred H. 755 Calvary Cemetery 393 Came business depression 467 Came panic of 1873—Cokers wanted to sell—Frick saw ahead 562 Came professional broadcasting 671 Came through efforts of newspaper men 1047 Came to America penniless 688 Came to build railroad breakwaters 541 Campaign to raise $2,500,000 for Red Cross and War relief 758 Campbell, Alexander 816 Campbell, J. D., quoted 356 Campbell, Mary, captured 101 Canada became British 14 Canada started locks 487 Canal Bank 376 Canal boats and traffic 257 Canal Era, The 219 Canalization brought land rush 254 Canals helped distribute immigrants 254 Canals were talked of 228 "Can always hire scientists" 603 Canfield, Rev. S. B. 362 Can make finer grades of steel, with greater precision 548 Cannon placed to rake bridge 264 Can't stage real war without women 763 Capital Bank 851 Capital skittish—Congress finally appropriated $30,000 for test 660 Capitalists attracted 611 Captain Beached Ship 293 Captain's own story 481 Carbolic acid 530 Cared nothing about iron 446 Car ferry service 498 Carlton, C. C. 379 Carnegie, Andrew 559 Carnegie Co. had 100,000,000 tons of ore got for nothing 563 Carnegie crowd had everything but ore 563 Carnegie Steel Co. offered half interest for $500,000; Andy refused 463 Carnegie turned industrialist 547; bought one-sixth interest in Iron City Forge Co., 559; sold steel to the world, 560; told partners in 1877 they would make 40% next year, 561; took Frick in as partner, 562; took all in as partners, 563; bought a "Streak of rust" from Pittsburgh to Lake Erie, 563; eager to sell, 564; got his price 565 Cars and trucks produced, 1900-1915 718 Carter first governed 906 Carter, Lorenzo, 152; dispensed justice, 154; credited with charmed life, 154; 158; 165; kept tavern, 180; 298; 386; 390; 399, 906  1082 Carter, Rebecca Fuller 154 Carter's public-house 399 Carter's well-known log house 817 Cartier, Jaques 80 Cartier warned of "red Copper" 436 Case, Leonard 180, 298, 373 Case Library 373 Case School of Applied Science 793 Case, William 356, 373 Cashier represented dignity of bank 846 Cass expedition failed to find Copper 436 Cassels, Dr. J. Lang, mineralogist 438 Cassells, Dr. John L. 359 Casson, Herbert N., quoted 533 Casson quoted on Superior ore 469 Cataract Lodge, I. O. O. F. 355 Caterpillar Tractor appeared 717 Catholic Cemetery 392 Catholic Church 284, 365 Cattle men laughed at barbed wire 554 Caught drunken Indian chasing wife 155 Causes of consolidations (bank) 849 Cedar tree buried 18 feet 74 Celebrated slave case 422 Celebrated the Lord's Supper 104 Cemeteries 390 Census of Cleveland Manufactures, 1927 802 Center of Whisky Rebellion 536 Centers of social life 399 Central Claims Bureau 1233 Central figure in Cleveland's art 1081 Central. high school, The 342 Central National Bank 847 Central United Bank 851 Ceramic studios 1060 Chagrin Falls Players 1147 Chagrin thought Cuyahoga 49 Chagrin Valley 1156 Chain movement, The 827 Chain store adopted cash and carry system 824 Chamber music 1104 Chamber of Commerce 836; in World War, 838; quoted 883 Champion, Henry 30 Chandler car was born 711 Chandler Motor Co. (war work) 778 Changes made in automobiles 725 Chapin, E. F. 186 Chapman, Nathan 37 Charcoal furnaces operated economically 539 "Charcoal Iron" rose to $95 445; always highly valued 539 Charges of graft and corruption 921 Charter commission elected 937 INDEX - 1239 Chatham (Pitt), "would not allow Colonists to make a hobnail" 534 Chemical Foundation, Inc. 532 Chemicals 791; and Allied Products 807 Cherokees 81 Cherry, P. P., quoted 62 Chester, A. H. 451 Chevrolet capitalization raised to $80,000,000, 711; passed Ford in production 722 Chevrolet, Louis 710 Chicago Fire 378 Chicago Pneumatic Tool Co. (war work) 777 Chief clerk for $600 a year 823 Chief Kohler not argued with 932 Chief of Early Women painters 1071 Chiefs bound to get drunk 40 Children too ignorant for Sunday School 275 Children's Aid Society 1219 Children's Building 1099 Children's Concerts 1132 Chinese 886 Chinese knew of coal 511 Chippewa Chief, Marji Gesick 437 Chisholm and Potter took process to Chicago 547 Chisholm bought an interest 541 Chisholm, Henry, Advice of 533 Chittenden & Co., S. W. 377, 842 Cholera epidemic 745 Christian (Disciples of Christ) Churches 1213 Christian Reformed Churches 1213 Christian Science 1213 Christmas Festival, by Sister Phillips 1191 "Chronicles of America" quoted 24 Chrysler in third place 716 Chrysler, Walter P. 716 Church of the Immaculate Conception 367 Churches, 284; 361; 1095; Listed in latest city directory, 1210; have bread lines 1221 Churches and National halls, built by Czech funds 888 Cincinnati led in whiskey traffic 261 Cisterns were in common use 386 Citizens League 921, 1228 Citizens purchased Prudential 858 Citizens Savings and Loan Association 377, 844 "City and its People," a survey 1217 City and Its Setting, The 1 City Bank of Cleveland 376 City began to dominate Great Lakes 434 City built iron fence around God's ten acres 391 City Club of Cleveland 1148 City Coffee House 403 City Guards, The 286 City Hall 415 City hospital built in 1837 398 City Hotel 285, 400 City Industrial School 1219 City Insurance Co. of Cleveland 378 City not dependent upon leading industries 781 City of Cleveland, The 272 City of Ohio incorporated 272 City of varied Industries 427 City offices were Nomadic 416 City refused to obey order 769 City rests on bed of Salt 797 City subscribed $11,000.000 772 City's first directory, 258; wealth and power, 593; population growth, 798; freight receipts, 799; moral progress 1219 City's Life, The 879 City's Work, The 287 Civic Growth 337 Civic, Social and Cultural 285 Civil war checked trans-Atlantic traffic 506 Clade, Edmund 849 Clark, C. W., quoted 62 Clark, David 158 Clark, Deacon Isaac 169 Clark, Edmund 262, 355, 1206 Clark, Edna Maria, quoted 1058 Clark, Gardner & Co. 598 Clark, George Rogers 16 Clark, Henry Hunt 1060 Clark, Henry W. 350 Clark, Marvin 350 Clark, Maurice B. 598 Clarke, James S. 262, 1206 Classification of industries 781 Clay, Henry 268 Clay's body brought to American House 404 Clearances at Cleveland 258 Clearing House Association 847 Clearing land for farming 146 Cleaveland "a small village near Newburgh" 170 Cleaveland, Aaron 34 Cleaveland Beowulf, A. 153 Cleaveland changed to Cleveland 176, 1026 Cleaveland, Moses, 26; 30; as agent, receives instructions, 33; family of, 34-5; letter to Phelps, 36; answered Brant's speech, 41; diary of, 45; 106; 112; went back to practice of law, 114; returned not, 131; letter to, 158; 179; 235; 383; 673; 744; 873 881 Cleaveland Pier Co. 170 Cleaveland, Thankful Paine 34 Cleaveland, William 34 Clerks hired for $300 a year 823 Cleveland Academy of Music 1104 Cleveland & Mahoning road gave coal its chance 516 Cleveland Anti-Slavery Society 285 Cleveland Architects 1092 Cleveland Art Association 1059, 1063 Cleveland Art Club 1053 Cleveland Art School 1053 Cleveland artists exhibiting 1059 Cleveland Automatic Machine Co. 785 Cleveland Bakers banded to prevent waste and high costs 760 Cleveland Business in 1865 428 Cleveland Buyers' Guide 781 Cleveland capital developed coal fields 517 Cleveland car appeared in 1919 711 Cleveland Casting Club 1179 Cleveland Census of Manufacturers, 1927 731, 802 Cleveland Center House 285, 403 Cleveland Chamber of Commerce 182, 732 Cleveland City Band 286 Cleveland City Guards 346 Cleveland City Lodge No. 15, Free and Accepted Masons 355 Cleveland City Temperance Society 285 Cleveland Clearing House Association 846 Cleveland-Cliffs Iron Co. 439, 538, 575 Cleveland cold to new lighting 646 Cleveland College 987 Cleveland composers 1132 Cleveland Conservatory of Music 1113 Cleveland Co-operative Stove Co. 787 Cleveland Crane and Engineering Co. (war work) 777 Cleveland Crane and Mfg. Co. 785 Cleveland Dry Dock Co 500 Cleveland Electric Illuminating Co. 682 Cleveland Electric Light Co. 682 Cleveland Electric Motor Co. 682 Cleveland Electric Railway Co. 678 Cleveland Female Orphan Asylum 286 Cleveland fisheries, product of 183 Cleveland Foundation 851 Cleveland Foundry 786 Cleveland Gas Light and Coke Co., 1846 524 Cleveland Gesangverein 1104 Cleveland had six banks in 1855 841 Cleveland Hardware Co. 576 Cleveland Health Council 883 1240 - INDEX Cleveland Herald on Shipbuilding 297 Cleveland Hotel 285, 400, 873 Cleveland House 285 Cleveland Institute of Music 1116 Cleveland Insurance Co., The 278, 378 Cleveland introduced to coal in 1828 510 Cleveland Iron Co. 438 Cleveland Iron Mining Co. 439 Cleveland, James D., on Cleveland of 1835 248 Cleveland, Judge James D. 227 Cleveland led with Electric Street Cars 676 Cleveland Lodge, I. O. O. F. 355 Cleveland Maternal Assn. 286 Cleveland Medical College inaugurated 358 Cleveland Mendelssohn Society 413, 1104 "Cleveland Mountain" 438 Cleveland Mozart Society 286 Cleveland Music School Settlement 1117 Cleveland Mutual Fire Insurance Co. 378 Cleveland Newspapers, past and present 1023 Cleveland Orchestra programs 1131 Cleveland ore tested at Sharon 439 Cleveland outlived this reproach 588 Cleveland Pier Co. 298 Cleveland Planer Works 785 Cleveland Public Library 286 Cleveland Punch and Shear Works 785 Cleveland Reading Room Assn. 285 Cleveland Recess 403 Cleveland Rolling Mill took over plant 553 Cleveland Rowing Club 1178 Cleveland Salt Co. wells 798 Cleveland saw need and opportunity 743 Cleveland School of Architecture 1060 Cleveland School of Art 1053 Cleveland School of Music 1107 Cleveland sent 30,000 sons into active service 780 Cleveland Shipbuilding Co. 503 Cleveland Society for Savings 181, 376 Cleveland soon started in iron business 539 Cleveland Stadium 1088 Cleveland started clothing manufacture 794 Cleveland Steam Boiler Shop 540 Cleveland String Quartet 1119 Cleveland Symphony Orchestra 1128 Cleveland telephone exchange 665 Cleveland Theater, old 1141 Cleveland Tractor Co. 731 Cleveland Transportation Co. 585 Cleveland Trust Bank 851 Cleveland Trust Co. 847 Cleveland Trust Co. offices on ancient mound site 60 Cleveland Twist Drill Co 783 Clevveland Union Terminals Co. 869 Cleveland Vocal Society 1106 Cleveland wants to play—outdoors 1179 Cleveland War Council 1223 Cleveland Water Co. chartered 387 Cleveland went to war 750 Cleveland women refused to use coal 512 Clevelanders couldn't "see" coal 511 Clevelanders in Civil war 746 Clevelanders know how to co-operate 1229 Cleveland's Early Newspapers, 176; first Union Station, 335; first park, 393; first opera, 414; importance in Electrical industry, 682; first election, 907; group plan 1087 Cliff mine discovered 437 Clinton House 403 Clinton Park 283, 394 Clinton received royal welcome 236 Clothing, boots, shoes 429 Clothing Industry in U. S. 794 Clothing was hard problem 148 Clover Leaf was acquired 865 Coal, 510; supplanted wood, 325; flowed in, 433; has romantic background, 511; was known to Ancient Greeks, 511; was there because God had put it there, 513; brought age of steam, steel and electricity, 514; used in furnaces, 516; Trade name, 517; fields Columbiana City, 517; data from War Department publication, 518; handling simplified, 519; cars ferried across lakes, 520; reserve of world, 522; mined, rolled down cliff and taken to Pittsburgh, 536; now grave problem, 762; prices fixed by Government 763 Coal gas has given way to Electric light 524 Coal mining common in reign of Henry III 512 Coal Oil Johnny Steel 597 Coal Tar 529; colors 531 Coates, Francis, Jr. 847 Cody, James 296 Coe, David L. 196 Coffee Houses and hotels, directory of 1837 400 Coffin factory from workshops 203 Coins dated before 1764 found 100 Coke was mixed with coal, 516; essential in steel production, 525; in making of pig iron, 525; produced in 1929, 527; by no means a final product 528 Coke works of Amer. Steel & Wire Co. 528 Colby Mine at Bessemer 454 Collected $50,000 bonus 453 Collections shown in June, 1916 1062 Colleges 358, 967 Collinwood School fire 746 Colonial Theater1141 Colonies and races will merge 9 Coltman, Ora 1072 Columbus St. Bridge accepted 272 Colwell, A. G. 351 Combination pile driver and saw 320 Commercial Bank of Lake Erie 170, 376, 840 Commercial Mutual Insurance Co. 378 Commercial National Bank 181 Commissioners to arrange merger 383 Committee and Adventurers 27 Committee on Church Federation 1214 Committees, Chamber of Commerce 837 Communistic idea of living 1181 Community Fund idea started here, 760; 1222; hospital work 1230 Community Fund's Annual 8-day Campaign 1224 Community Funds operations 1225 Company D, First 0. Vol. Inf. 347 Compare old Station on lake front with Union Terminal 421 Compasses not ready—delay 134 Composers, Cleveland 1132 Comprehensive Examinations 198 Concentration of motor industry will continue in this small area 736 Conestoga Wagons 227 Confidential Alliance to control prices 613 Congregational Churches 1213 Congregationalism was strong in the early Reserve 186 Congress granted land for canal 442 Connecticut Land Co., The 23; 29; 95; 106; 120, 133 Connecticut Western Reserve 19 Consolidated Works, The 556 Constitution of 1852 wiped out free banking 841 Constitutional Convention at Chillicothe 169 Construction (R. R.) started 320 Continual warfare 617 Contracted for 1907 output of Overlands 696 Contracts let for new schools 341 Control more and more Electric 726 Cooke came West—saw St. Louis Bay, Duluth and Minnesota Shore 451 Cooke offered to handle bonds 451 INDEX - 1241 Cooke's banking house failed 451 Cooley, Rev. Harris R. 1220 Copies of "Revelation" sent to heads of all governments 1185 Copper and Lead 8 Copper essential in Electricity, 435; chief attraction, 435; prospectors swarmed up Sault Ste. Marie 436 Copperas 523 Corduroy roads were made 222 Corn was planted by hand 147 Corn bread and milk usual supper 148 Cornell helped Morse 660 Cornwall Mines, Pennsylvania 435 "Corporation Shinplasters" 819 Corre, Mary Price 782 Corrigan-McKinney Steel Co, 575 Coulby, Harry 579 Could have been bought for hundreds of millions less 568 Could not understand paralysis 467 Cound undersell all others at big profit 564 Council proposed license system, 345; acted in 1851, 387; turned down Perry offer, 394; appropriated $1,125,000, 737; acts, 1836 911 Counties created in 1807 - 908 Course of Nature summed up 78 Court of Quarter Sessions 907 Courthouse 414 Couzens' idea, Ford adopted it 715 Couzens, James 700 Cow died—ate bark of wrong tree 124 Cowles, Judge Samuel 236 Cowles, Samuel 285 Cowles Tool Co. 786 Cowleses, A. H. and E. H. 792 Cox and Prentiss 783 Cox, Governor, seized coal 767 Cox reelected governor, state voted "dry" 780 Cozad, Elias, tanner 169, 791 Craig, Maj. Isaac 102 Cramer & Co., A. S. 301 Cranberry grounds 110 Crawford discovered iron ore 536 Crawford was burned at the stake 536 Crawford, William 355 Crazy Frenchy threw hounds into furnace 537 Created fund to fight the patent 712 Creeping Westward 6 Creosote 530 Cresol 530 Crew of Dorothea, under Capt. E. J. Kelley, marched to station 753 Crile, Maj. Geo. W., medical director 685, 757 Cripples helped to overcome handicaps 1230 Crittenden, N. E. 350 Croatians came in 1888 886 Crookes, Sir William 669 "Crops extraordinary good," 159; Edible and otherwise 775 Crossroads 799 Crouse, J. R. 769 Crow and Whitmarsh 823 "Crow-bar" legislation 841 Crowell & Murray Analyzed Problem 470 Crowell, Benedict, quoted 779 Crucible Steel Casting Co 787 Crude iron refined at rate of ton a minute 545 Crude, misguided, wilful legislation 841 Culver, Oliver, Started a store 166 Curb market, 1932 1075 Curious Bit of History 384 Curry, H. M., was running the Lucy 561 Curtain Rises, The 21 Curtis, Gen. J. P. 439 Cutter brought $20,000 dollar stock 817 Cutter, Orlando 293 Cutters followed caravels 23 Cutting and building 141 Cugnot, Nicholas Joseph, built first self-moving vehicle, 1769 691 Cuyahoga and old canal overflowed 746 Cuyahoga Anti-Slavery Society 285 Cuyahoga Co. Colonization Soc. 422 Cuyahoga Country, The 110 Cuyahoga Steam Furnace Co. 322 503, 539, 786 "Czar" Harry Bernstein 920 Czechoslovakians 887 D Daily Metal Trade 1050 Daimler, Gottlieb 693 Dalton, Henry G. 579 Dalton consolidated various interests 583 Danes 889 Daniels, Secretary of Navy 771 Data on Great Lakes traffic 496 Data on ores 471 Data on population shifts 883 Data on Terminal buildings 870 Davidson, Lieutenant 99 Davis, Kate, on Federal board 751 Davis elected mayor in 1915 938 Davy, Sir Humphrey 651 Davy made discovery 656 Dawn of Culture, The 184 Dawned on the boys they didn't have to mine their ore 459 Day of triumph for Johnson 928 Dazzling glory filled the park 647 Dealer said it took ten years to sell ten tons 535 Debs arrested for anarchistic gabble 773 Decision was against trust 621 Dedication by Masons 370 Deer had one real enemy 51 Deer Lick 110 De Forest Wireless Co. of America 669 De Kruif, Paul 446 De Kruif's "Seven Iron Men" 435 Delamater, Dr. John 359 De La Rue made first lamp 653 Delicate instruments and hoisting, dredging machinery 577 De Moleyns, Frederick 653 Demonstration at Menlo Park 654 Dentists 1213 Department of Labor asked Cleveland women to help 751 Depositors' Savings and Trust Bank 860 Deposits of solid copper 436 Depression less pronounced here 781 Description of Lake Travel 304 Details meager on first school attempts 189 Details of Terminal layout 866 Determined to be rid of Carnegie 565 Detroit Automobile Co. organized 696 Development of air field began 737 Devereaux, J. H. 609 Dewey, Francis A. 302 DeWitt Clinton, 230; letter from, re Canal 233; 321 Diary of an early student 199 Diary of Moses Cleaveland quoted 45 Diary of Seth Pease quoted 42 Did they bathe?—In the Snow! 197 "Died of Mahoning Railroad" 333 Died off like flies (auto co's.) 701 Diesel airplane motor 730 Difficulty about Duluth terminal 461 Dillon, Father 366 Dillon, Rev. John 1205 Dime Savings and Banking Co 858 Dinner pail filled 922 Directors elected (Conn. Land Co.) 30 Directors of Standard Oil 619 Directors or trustees 30 Directory of 1837 277, 376 Discontinued passenger cars in 1919 719 Discriminating freight rates 611 Disgraceful Slums 898 Disloyal councilmen 762 1242 - INDEX Distillation—distillates 631 Distillation improved 628 Distillery seemed first requisite 1202 Distinguished ships in the traffic 491 Diversity of industry 781 Diversity of product of Amer. Steel and Wire Co 558 Division A. (Fund Campaigns) 1224 Division of Community Fund Dollar 1227 Doan, Delia 190 Doan, Nathaniel 157, 826 Doan, Miss Sarah 186 Doans, Timothy and Mary Carey 157 Doan's Corners 129 Dock machines for unloading 495 Doctors and nurses set to go 756 Dodge, Horace E. 700 Dodge, John F. 700 Dodge, Nancy Doan 157 Dogs used as blankets and as napkins 88 Dolbear, Prof. Amos E. 669 Domestic Architecture 1096 Donors to New Home for School 1054 Dow, H. H. 792 Dow, Prentis 376 Draft act passed, caused rush of volunteers 754 Draft registrants in essential industry 780 Drake, Col. Edwin Laurencine 594 Drake's Folly 594 Drama 408, 1139 Dream children carted away 1091 Dreher, Baptiste 1104 Dreher Piano Co. 821 Drehers, Henry and Oscar 821 Drury, Francis E. 1144 Drury Gardens 1144 Drury Theater 1145 Dry goods store opened 350 Duncan & Wilson, Pittsburgh 101 Dudgeon, Richard 692 Dundonald, Lord 523 Duluth, primitive fishing village 445 Duluth population fell one-half 451 Dunham, David B. 400 Dunham, Truman 788 Dunham House 400 DuPont and Sloan in Saddle 721 Durant, William C. 708 Durant-Dort Carriage Co. 709 Durant failed 721 Durant got busy again 722 Durant made alliance with DuPont and Raskob 710 Durant went to Perkins of Morgan & Co. 710 Durant's Buick newly born 701 Duryea, Chas. E. 691 Duryea, Frank 691 Du Shattar, Joseph 101 Dutch oven not an oven 144 Dutch Reformed Churches 1213 Dynamo 655 Dynamo was born—Electric power era began 656 Dyes 531 Dyes and dyeing stuffs 523 E Eagle Tavern 285, 403 Earl of Dudley, in 1611 took out patent for use of mineral coal 512 Earliest hotels (taverns) 180 Earliest schools and teachers 340 et seq. "Early American Glass" 208 Early and present newspapers 1023 Early Catholic School 891 Early Explorers and Settlers 95 Early hotel men 180 Early mining methods in Superior region 474 Early Settlers' Association in 1791 327 Early singing-schools 207 East Cleveland Railway Co 418 East Family, called the "Gathering Order" 1194 Eastern capital became interested; 439 Eastman, Wm. J. 1063 Easy mining in Pennsylvania, West Virginia, Kentucky 514 Easy to lose way 50 Easy to produce enough iron; problem was transportation 536 Eberhard M'f'g Co. 787 Edgeworth novels 211 Edison invented stock ticker 660 Edison started on lamp problem 653 Edison, Thomas A. 652 Editor delivered papers, horseback 281 Editors and newspapers 1023 Edmond, William 26 Education 948 Edwards, Anna Merrill 157 Edwards, Rudolphus 157 Edwards, William 104, 351 Edwards-Knight Motor Car Co. 716 Eells, Dan P. 98 Eells' Point 98 Effect of activity on mental habits 919 Effective way of removing "questionable" tenants 932 Ege, Otto F. 1060 Eggs four cents the dozen 169 Eight per cent of population Negroes 896 Eldridge was drowned 134 Electric arc experiments 650 Electric car had strong appeal 706 "Electric Knife," The 675 Electric lights came in 1879 823 Electric outlived steam cars 706 Electric starter biggest improvement 726 Electrical industry here employs 34,000 persons 683 Electricity 645 Electricity becomes the great medicine 675 Elephant and mastedon grinders 73 Elevation wasted light 647 Elk, deer, turkey 110 Ellis, A. Caswell 989 Ellsler, John 411 Ellsler, John A. 1140 Ellsworth, James W. 203 Ellwood bought right to make barbed wire 554 Ellwood sent Gates to Texas 554 Eluded "Wall Street Sharks" 720 Elys, Geo. H. and Samuel P. 452 Empire Steel Co. 575 Empire Theater 1142 Empire was too large for Welland Canal 303 Employees of Land Company 37 Employers imported negroes, dropped them 897 Emptied straw from mattress, got handful of wheat for children 150 End of war (Civil) 426 Engineers corps next to go 757 "Engineers" through politics, nearly wrecked all 443 England and France stood in way 13 England came to defense 13 England threatened with starvation 717 England would not believe Lucy production 561 English method, The 161 English worker made a dozen pins a day 535 Enlistments fell off 754 Enormous wealth in frozen wilds 445 Enter Moses 33 Enterprise failed—investors lost 439 Episcopal Church 1201 Epworth Memorial Church 356 Ericsson, John 310 Erie Canal a mere fancy 17 Erie Lodge, I. O. O. F. 355 Erie St. Cemetery 180 Eries, The 82 Erskine, Albert R. 708 "Estimated" three years for preparations, ten for construction 443 INDEX - 1243 Euclid avenue 374 Euclid Avenue Church of Christ, Scientist 363 Euclid Avenue Congregational Church 362 Euclid Avenue National Bank 857 Euclid Avenue Opera House 411 Euclid Crane and Hoist Co. 785 Evangelical Association 1213 Evangelical Churches 1213 Evangelical Lutherans 363, 1213 Evans, Lewis, map of 28 Evans, Oliver 318, 692 Events of February, 1917, Came as Shock 749 Everett determined to make iron 438 Everett, P. M. 437 Everett suffered usual fate of pioneers 438 Ever-Widening stream of products 632 Everyone out for luncheon and opening—except the Vans 875 Everything is electrical 685 Everything is mechanical 476 Evidences of sunken barges 98 Evolution of coke-making 526 Examples of modern efficiency in industrial use of coal 528 "Excess Co." 29 Excursion determined his future 152 Executive committee of War Board 752 Exit Moses 112 Expansion is hampered 385 Experimented with gas engines 547 Export items 258 Extension High School for Adults 966 Extraordinary features of Severance Hall 1134 Factory burned, Gates bought another 554 Facts about coke 525 Facts about early school 275-6 Facts about Great Lakes traffic 496 Facts about log cabins 142-4 Facts about Perry's Monument 369 Facts about steam and early steamboats 287 Faculty, School of Music 1107 Faetkenheuer, Max 1142 Fair News treatment pleased 1044 Fairchild, James H. 193 Fairchild's address to farmers, 1853 212 "Fairy godmother of School of Art" 1059 Falls of the Far West 8 Fame and riches from obstacle 864 Fanned flames of revolt 535 Fanner M'f'g Co 787 Faraday began experimenting, 656; stumbled upon wonderful discovery 656 Faraday, Michael 666 Farewell dinner to Rogers 1111 Farley, mayor, ousted artists 1054 Farmer, Moses G. 661 Farmer, Prof. M. G. 653 "Farmerette" came into style 764 Farmers' and Mechanics' Hotel 285, 403 Fate sent single shot to drop the pigeon 126 Fay, Geo. A., explored region for others 454 Feared coal would soon be exhausted 512 Federal authority roused greater anger 425 Federal census figures 801 Federal fuel administrator 762 Federal Reserve Bank 846; 1092 Federal Water Power Commission 681 Federated Churches of Cleveland 1214 Federation for Charity and Philanthropy 1223 Felt he had given "until it hurt" 758 Fenced Public Square 346 Fences—fencing 553 Fenn, S. P. 788 Fenwick, Father Edward 365, 1205 Ferbert-Schorndorfer Co. 791 Ferro Machine and Foundry Co. 787 Fessler School of Music 1108 Fever and ague and dysentery 137 Feverishly building railroads 542 Fiercest and most strenuous of all the inventions of man 545 Fiero, Emilie 1068 Fifteen changes in form of government 906 Fifth Regiment arrived from Mexico 750 Fifty barrels of provisions lost 99 Fighting fire with fire 1041 Figures, 798; on ore, 473; on shipping, 490; on coal production and shipment 518 Fiji chief and the missionary 1151 Filed suit for dissolution of trust 621 Finances of Terminal 869 Financial indigestion 569 Financing first railroad 321 Fine, being against "big business" didn't stand 623 Fine system of parks 1152 Fire Department organized 272 Fire in Northern Ohio Hospital for Insane 745 Fire lands 28 Fireman's Insurance Co. 376 Firemen had to dam the brook 745 Firemen's Insurance Co. 842 Fireplace for heat 193 First annual report of Steel Corporation 569 First astronomical observatory west of mountains 203 First bank in Cleveland in 1816 840 First Bank was started when— 839 First Baptist Church 364 First big invasion of settlers 489 First big move to "Buy American" 537 First blacksmith shop  173 First bookstore 210 First brick building 817 First brick store 166 First building on Square 873 First burial that of David Eldridge 390 First burying ground 180 First canal boat from Akron 818 First Canal in America 229 First car in Ohio built in Painesville 688 First carriage here 179 First Catholic Church, 1835 1205 First Chapter of Phi Beta Kappa in Ohio 201 First city council, The 272 First city directory, 1837 818 First Cleveland-built vessel 244 First clothing factory 794 First coal mining in America, 1750 515 First commercial discovery by Hays, of Cleveland 436 First Congregational Church 362 First dentist 170 First deposit by Mrs. D. E. Bond 844 First domesticated fowl 165 First fiddle came in 1800 1102 First flour shipment from Reserve 181 First frame house 166 First framed building 175 First free school 340 First gesangverein in 1848 413 First good band, Hecker's 414 First hanging caused excitement 189 First highway supervision 175 First hospital in 1813 397 First important beneficiary 627 First iron steamer for ore trade 484 First Israelite society organized 367 First Jewish Church, 1839 1209 First lawyer here 170 First locomotive west of Alleghanies 540 First mail carrier 176 First merger, 1903 854 First Methodist Church had held services in 1818 363 1244 - INDEX First mine found yielding pure, native copper 437 First mine, revealing Mesabi to world, named Mountain Iron 459 First National bank 842 First newspaper 176 First officers Second Presbyterian Church 362 First official action obstructive 383 First ore cargo through locks 443 First ore received from Superior 439 First piano in Cleveland412, 1102 First plant in America for making open hearth steel 548 First playhouse designed for purpose 1140 First post office 175 First Presbyterian Church 284, 362 First real boat built 174 First real road to westward 176 First real smelting done in charcoal furnaces 538 First Roman Catholic Church here 890 First sailing vessel to make complete return trip 444 First settlers got water from river, lake or springs 386 First shot fired in Cleveland 751 First small blast furnaces used twenty cords of wood a day 539 First stage route established 180 First steamer built in Cleveland 295 First steam car appeared 697 First steam shovel 475 First steamboat 174 First street railway a fiasco 418 First successful electric car 705 First surveying party 30 First tailors were English 796 First theater building 1139 First theater license 1139 First theatrical troupe came in 1820 1139 First to branch out, making wire, screws, merchant shapes, from steel 542 First train carried Hepzibeth Merritt 462 First train ran into Cleveland in 1849 322 First tries at paving unsatisfactory 357 First Trust and Savings Co. 858 First vestrymen and wardens 1202 First wells drilled along rivers 606 First white child born in Cleaveland 155 First woman settler here 155 First women's department 855 First wooden steamers appeared, 483; expressly for iron and coal trade 500 Fish, Capt. Job 175 Fish! Didn't know there were any 182 Fish teemed in lake and river 51 Fish, timber and furs, the interests 446 Fisher Body Corporation 723 Fisher Brothers 723 Fisher, George, offered coal 511 Fisher, J. K. 692 Fisher realized motor cars required bodies 723 Fishers, The 722 "Fit" outnumbered "willing" 761 Five and Ten Cent Stores 824 Five surveyors, names of 31 Flagler, Henry M. 608 Flax once important crop 149 Fleming, John Baptiste 101 Fletcher of Rye 23 Flint Wagon Works 709 Floating vote 944 Flouted Fugitive Slave Law 422 Flow of American grain 490 Foch given supreme command 771 Food and kindred products 806 Food industries 798 Food prices set by U. S. 767 Food stores in Cleveland 831 Food thrift cards 765 Foods, drinks, of Indians 88 "Fool's iron" 447 Foot and Wade sought to free Federal prisoners 422 Football 1169 Foote, Herschel 210 Foote, John A. 327 Foote-Burt Co. 785 For 33 years, every Hour, day and night, have made useless useful 561 Force, M. F., quoted 79 Forced from control of General Motors 710 Ford Automobile Co. 696 Ford, Edsel, succeeded Henry as president 715 Ford, Henry, 692; was impressed with Olds' product, 699; capitalization, 700; associates deserted, 713; remained aloof, 714; astonished world with minimum wage announcement, 715; followed Rockefeller's advice to Carnegie, 715; hangar built 738 Ford, Horace 1104 Ford, J. M. 786 Ford Motor Co. ignored Selden, 712; 100 per cent looked petty 714 Fords acquired all minority stock 716 Ford's first tractor built 714 Fordson about ready for production 717 Ford-Stout planes, Detroit to Cleveland 738 Fore and aft sails invented 23 Foreign exports from city 799 Foreign races, number, percentage 884 Foreign-born, data on 902 Foreigners came in 882 Foremost rolling mill in 1812 537 Foremost shipbuilding port 500 Forest City House 400 Forest City-Walworth Run Foundries 787 Forest products 806 Forest Trails to Towlines 221 Forests ripe for the axe 7 Forged and rolled iron plants, 1870 551 Form of government changed in 1865 914 Fort Du Quesne 13 Fort Oswego stopped party 39 Fort Schlosser 99 Fortnightly Musical Club 1118 Fortunes others made from Merritt's cheap ore 468 Foster, Charles 411 Foster, Geo. A. 301 Foster homes hard to find 1229 Found hills of solid ore 438 Found mass of copper weighing 3,100 pounds 437 Found us groping, leaderless, blind 935 Foundries 786 Foundry, The 1050 Four basic types of machine tools 783 Four billion dollars worth of ore shipped from Superior region 469 Four cities had 10,000 people 11 Four companies of the Fifth called to National service 750 Four White Steamers made reliability run 704 Fourth Liberty Bond issue 780 Fourth of July celebration 190, 1168 Fowke, Gerard, quoted 58, 60 Fox-hunting and horse-racing didn't run the furnace so well 537 Fractional distillation 529 France and England in the way 13 Franklin, Benjamin 4; 650 Franklin Circle 394 Franklin Circle Church of Christ Chorus 1117 Franklin House 285; 400 Fraternalism 355 Free land a great solvent 9 Free Methodist Churches 1213 Freedom! and Out West! 25 Freeman, Rev. Silas C. 186; 1202 Freese, Andrew, was principal 342 Freight figures 489 Freight rates fell also, 308; cheap for water haul 489 Freight sent out from city 799 INDEX - 1245 Freighter was too big for locks 487 Freighters had to be cut in two 506 Freighters waited turn to get through 444 French fair at Garden in 1930 1068 French left little trace, 9; forts, 13; method, the, 161; adopted German gas engine, 694; ordered 600 White trucks when war broke out 719 French-Indian war begun 13 Frick Co. making 100 per cent 562 Frick, Henry Clay, 562; was coke king seven years 562 Frick tried to bulldoze Lon, 461; having snubbed dressed-up blacksmith listened to Oliver 463 Friends Churches 1213 Froggett, Joseph F. 1050 From a dollar a day to million a year 569 Fruits 148 Fuel for locomotives was wood 322 Fulton, Robert 256; 294 "Fulton's Folly" 175 Fund records for three years 1225 Fur-bearing animals 52 Furnaces, mills sprang up 434 Furniture and household group 833 G Gaeth, Paul 691 Gaeth's plant 702 Gage, General 100 Galvani, an Italian Franklin 650 Game abounds 110 Gangsters burned thousands of Cords of Anshutz' Wood 537 Garden and Home 1049 Gardner, Geo. W. 598 Garfield closed all factories for five days 769 Garfield, James R., at Armory 750 Garretson, Hiram 351 Gary called in 565 Gas 522 Gas consumption about 350,000,000 cubic feet a year 525 Gas Engine won, despite defects 705 Gas Light and Coke Co. incorporated 913 Gas piped from West Virginia 524 Gas regarded as a nuisance 634 Gas still widely used 524 Gas stocks slumped 654 Gasoline order tied up taxis 773 Gasoline production in U. S., in 1928 640 Gasoline served the purpose 628 Gates, Frederick Taylor 627 Gates, H. N. 480 Gates, John W. 553,, 586 Gates didn't bet them, he showed them 554 Gates put on a "show 'em" and convinced them 554 Gates soon made barbed wire 554 Gathered crop of apples 130 Gave Couzens and Ford their big start 484 Gaylord, Capt. Allan 204 Gaylord, Capt. Wm. 298 Gaylord, Erastus 170 Gearing mostly cast-iron 1197 Geddes, Samuel 233 Gehring, Albert 1114 General Assembly repealed all Municipal Charters 380 General Industry 781 General Merchandise Group 832 General Motors Corporation big Event 708 General Motors profited, suffered under Durant 721 General Motors rose as DuPont et al bought 711 General Progress 339 Geography of the time 195 Geometric Stamping Co. 786 "George, the Armenian" 886 George's "Social Problems" recommended by Conductor 923 Gerard, Ambassador James W. 762 German dye patents sold to Grasselli Chemical Co. 531 German Fire Insurance Co 378 German influx first noted in 1830 892 German literature gathered 770 German Protestant Church 285 "German Society of Cleveland" 892 Germans, at least were interested in World War 747 Germans continued work 414 Gesangverein, first organized 893 Gessner, Dr. Abram 595 Getting home again is the rub! 55 Giddings & Baldwin 298 Gifts to Severance Hall 1133 Gifts upheld by Stockholders 137 Gifts were encouraged 1190 Gilbert, Dr. William 649 Gilbert, Sylvester 26 Gilchrist, Major, in command 757 Gillespie, Joyce & Co. 301 Gilpin, John, Negro actor 1148 Gilpin Players 1147 Girdled road, The 225 Girls taught munitions making and nursing 773 "Giving" campaign was next 772 Glacier, The 65 Glad of a house with more than one room 127 Glauber Brass M'f'g. Co 787 Glaiser, Jessie C. 1058 Glidden Company 791 Glidden, Francis H. 788 Globe Iron Works 500 Globe Machine and Stamping Co. 786 Globe Shipbuilding Co. 503 Globe Tavern 285, 403 Globe was first real theater 408 Gluntz Brass Foundry Co 787 Gnadenhutten 103 Goethe 4 Goff, Frederick H. 852, 1045 Goff agreed 1046 Goff surprised at Nerve of Baker 1046 Gogebic Range 445 "Going to Ohio" 151 Gold Stars in many homes 780 Gold was different matter 446 Golden Anniversary Book of Cleveland Engineering Society 682 "Golden Fleece" days of '49 505 Golf 1176 Good dramatic Criticism 1148 "Good old days" 828 Good, soft hematite found East of Sunday Lake 454 Goodwill Industries 1232 "Go right on and dig! We Want Ore." 458 Gordon, Mackenzie 1123 Gordon, W. J. 440 Gorgas, General 239 Goshen village 105 Got connections, started shipping 461 Got John P. Bernet to run road 864 Gottwald, F. C. 1052 Gottwald took first honors 1063 Government 905 Government bought ground for hospital 398 Government gives $5,000 for new pier 250 Government supplies never came 104 Government too dumb to buy Morse's telegraph 660 Grabler M'f'g. Co. 787 Grace Church 361 Grain Elevators 490 Grain Elevators had to be built 489 Gramme, Z. T 652 Grandstands for air races 742 Grass sown among wheat 147 Grasselli Chemical Co. 792 Grasselli, Eugene 792 Grasselli, Mrs. Eugene 1068 Grasselli Memorial 1068 Gravel roadbeds came 222 1246 - INDEX Gray, Elisha was getting "warm" 663 .Gray, John S. 700 Gray, Stephen 649 Gray and Barton, Electrical Appliances 682 Gray and Edison both filed patents in Washington 664 Grays led Enormous parade 369 Grays were first Union troops to front, from Cleveland 347 Great Britain held up cargo of American Ship 748 Great day at Mountain Iron 462 Great heritage Tom L. Johnson left 936 Great Lakes Aircraft Corporation 737 Great News from Flanders 772 Great opening of Terminal, 1930 875 Greater Change and Growth in Independents 570. Greater Cleveland destiny 384 Greatest boom in history—Crash to follow 735 Greatest manufacturer of batteries 683 Greatest of all industries 720 Greatest wheat lands on Continent 489 Greek Orthodox Churches 1213 Greeks came after 1892 893 Greeley, Horace 407 Green, Howard Whipple 883 Green, in Plaindealer, quoted 887 Greene, Gen. Nathanial, ironmaster 534 Greenwood, Ernest 651 Gregory, W. M. 75 Greys, The Cleveland 347 Griffin first ship on Great Lakes 244 Griffith, Pease & Co. 298 Griffith, Standart & Co. 350 Grist Mill four stories high 1197 Griswold, G. O. 788 Griswold tells the story 384 Groll, George 1052 Grossman, George 1052 Grosvenor, Thomas 26 Groups by various Artists 1074 Grove, William 653 Growing Grain—and getting it ground 149 Growing menace to Competitors 564 Growth of the Motor Truck 727 Guardian Trust Bank 851 Guardian Trust Co. 845 Gulf States Steel Co 574 Gun, Anna 37 Gun, Elijah 37 Gun, Mrs. Elijah (Sartwell) 156 Guns aided as they could 124 Guns went to Cleveland 126 H Had to create entire lighting system 655 Hahn's Grove 99 Haig, aided by French, holding Hindenburg line 771 Half a billion a year spent for drilling 640 Half Million bushels loaded in Seven hours 490 Hall, C. M. 792 Hall, Wm. B. 113 Halle, Manuel 815 Halle Brothers Co. 821 Halle made lasting friendship with John D. Rockefeller 820 Halliday, Dean 1049 Halliday, Dean, quoted, 209 Haltnorth's Garden 1142 Hamilton, Alexander 268 Hamilton, Cindee 1115 Hanch, Charles C. 713 Hanchet, Luke 166 Handy, T. P. 286, 327 Handy, Truman P. 598 Hanks family were musical 1102 Hanna, H. M. 586 Hanna, Leonard C. 586 Hanna, Marcus Alonzo 585 Hanna elected McKinley president 921 Hanna Furnace Co. 575 Hanna tried to own City thru legislature 925 Hannas, The 585 Hanna's wholesale Grocery 351 Harbach, Frederick 327 Harbor, The 249 Hardly any labor Expense 459 "Hardships" here ludicrous 763 Hardware, Carpets, Crockery 429 Harkness, Stephen V. 608 Harrison; Gen. W. H. 351 Hart, Rev. Sth 131, 1201 Harvard, John 35 Harvey, John T. 442 Harvey did the "Estimated" 13 years' job in less than three years 443 Hasenclever turned out best iron in America 534 Hauksbee, Francis 649 "Have Been to Ohio" 151 Hawder, James 102 Hawley, Ezekiel 152 Haydn, Franz Joseph 129 Haynes, Elwood 688 Health habits and discipline learned 1231 Heatless Mondays—Tuesdays 763 Heatless Mondays edict lifted 770 Heaven Knows All the uses for Coal 514 Heavy German immigration set in 367 Hebrew Cemeteries 393 Hebrew Churches 367, 1213 Heckewelder, John 30, 1201 Heckewelder, John, made a Map 105 Heckewelder and Zeisberger 102 Heckewelder description, The 107 Helped to perfect the dynamo 547 Helves put into axes 134 Hematite caused no stir in Duluth 447 Henderson, Darius E. 298 He nn i, Father 1206 Henry VIII 23 Hepburn Commission investigation 617 Herald complained of hotel accommodations, 1836 403 Herald quoted, on Shipbuilding 500 Herbert, Victor 1123 Here come the Indians! 79 Herkomer, Herman 1052 Herkomer, Hubert 1052 Hermit Club 1148 Herrick, Myron T. 680 Hertz, Heinrich 666 Hewitt, J. L. 350 Hewitt, Morgan L. 439 Hibbing, Frank 459 Hickox, Abram 173 Hide and leather goods 429 High cost of living looked into 747 High level bridge built 823 High school "unnecessary and illegal" 342 High schools, The 961 Hill, James F. 688 Hill, James J. 464 Hill, John W., quoted 555 Hill contemptuous of small locks 506 Hilliard, Richard 262, 326, 360, 1206 Hillman, Col. James 101 Historic ditches just historic 242 History in a paragraph 911 Hoadley, Mayor Geo. 341 Hocking, Erie, Pere Marquette 865 Hodge, O. J. 351 Hogs Wallowed in Streets 356 Hold is in form of hopper 488 Holden, Cora M. 1073 Holden, Liberty E. 1042 Holland Purchase, The 29 Holley, John Milton 31 Holley, J. M., journal of 38 Holley's Journal quoted 113 Holy Name Church 367 Home brew quite common 345 Honors in Varied lines 1063 Hoover & Mason 477 Hoover predicted food crisis 769 "Hope Springs Eternal" 151 Hopkins, William R. 737 INDEX - 1247 Hopwood, Erie C. 1044 Horsburgh, R. H. 791 Horse fell, broke all dishes of Young Couple 144 Horses and Cattle of best breeds 1198 Horse car lines 421 Horseshoe tournament, Annual 1179 Hosmer, Eben 298 Hospitals, dispensaries, temperance and philanthropic societies 1213 Hospitals and Asylums 397 Hospitals have lost their gloom 674 Hotchkiss Machine gun tripods 777 Hotel business among earliest 180 Hotel Cleveland 400 Hotels 285 Hotels, Theaters, etc. 399 Hotels built by Spafford, Wallace and others 400 Hotels on one Site 117 Years 400 Houck, Geo. F. 1205 Houghton drowned in Lake Superior 436 House, Henry A. 692 House, James A. 692 House without suitable grounds 216 Houses of Varied Styles 1100 Housing was a difficulty 763 How Cleveland banks are Safeguarded 849 How Clothing was made 795 How Coal was formed 513 How first Railway was built 320 How "Fund" dollar splits 1227 How important Shipbuilding plant "happened" 503 How Kirby revised hotel's patronage 407 How long will stored supply last? 640 How much more oil in Ground? 640 How Newspapers were delivered 1025 How Peter White brought Mail to Marquette 482 How Salt is obtained 797 How they can sing! 902 Howard, Hugh Huntington 1072 Howard, Rev. Maurice 1206 Howard, Roy 1042 Howe, Capt. O. 304 Howe, Eber D. 278, 290 Howe, Elias, Sewing Machine 795 Howe, Henry 157 Hower & Higbee 821 Hoyt, Charles 322 H. P. Horse Nail Co. organized 555 Hubbard, Elijah 26 Hubby, Hughes & Co. 351 Hubby, L. M. 360 Hudson, David 196 Huggett Process Nails impractical 555 Hughes & Lester 351 Hughes, Felix 1124 Hulett unloader 477 Hull and Dutton 822 Hurlbut, H. B., bequest of 1061 Hum of trade became roar of industry 918 Hungarian Bene Jeshurun 368 Hungarian Reformed 1213 Hungarians 894 Hunters and trappers 7 Hunt, Hiram, Served notice 390 Huntington came to start law practice 907 Huntington, Ellsworth 77 Huntington, John, bequest of 1061 Huntington, Samuel 169 Hutchinson, Amos 360 Hutchinson, Goodman & Co. 301 Hydraulic Pressed Steel (war work) 777 Hydro-Electric plant built at Appleton, Wis., in 1882 680 Hydro-Electric power fired imaginations 680 I Ignorance of Wild foods 150 "I'll back a continuous steel mill". 563 Illinois Steel tried to buy out Carnegie 564 important outsiders (Steel) 573 Important Virginia fields 521 Incandescent lamps sold 684 Incorporated as Village, 1814 909 Incorporated Chevrolet Motor Co. 710 Increased Commerce on Lakes 498 Independent Lutherans 363 Independent refining wiped out 614 Independent Spiritualist 1213 Independents make up in Number and Energy what they lack in Size 639 Indian trails 50, 221 Indians bring game or come to beg whiskey 150 Indians' food 86 Indians gathered almost pure ore 436 Indians' history all guesswork 79 Indians scared at Steamboat Whistle 480 Industrial and General Trust, Ltd. 552 Industrial Brown Hoist Corporation 785 Industrial diversity in Metropolitan Cleveland 806 Industrial Division (Funds)1224 Industrial thrift shown 527 Industries 282 Industries, Summary, 1927 802 Industries adaptable to munitions making 775 Industry: No. of establishments; Wage Earners; Wages; Cost of Materials, fuel, power; Value of products 802-805 Industry was small and primitive 535 Infant industry needed transportation 438 Inflation waves rolled high 269 Influx of Negroes 763 Ingraham's Company, Captain 347 Inhabitants of our forests 145 Initial Liberty Bond issue 757 Inner harbor outgrown 253 Inns, taverns 399 Installed horsepower 684 Institute directors 1116 Institute for Medical Research 627 Instruction given Agent Moses Cleaveland 33 Instrumental quartette 1104 Insurance 378 Intake had to be run much farther out 389 Inter-Arts Suppers 1059 Interesting battle against two other brothers 870 Interesting features in Shipping Industry 302 Intermediate materials of industry 811 International Petroleum Technology 1050 Interstate Commerce Commission ordered N. Y. C. to sell Nickel Plate 864 Interstate Commerce Commission 317 In the World War 747 Introduction, Section VII, Steel 433 Inventions of Siemens 547 Invested every dollar he made in wire production 554 Invested in blast furnaces, rolling mills, forges, foundries, factories 428 Investigations of Standard Oil 620 Investment in American iron business 536 Iris Lodge organized in 1852 355 Irish have merged identities 894 Iron and Steel and their products 809 Iron deposits beyond belief 8 Iron-eating microbes 455 Iron in North worth more than California's Gold 447 Iron manufacture remained primitive 538 Iron Manufacturers in 1858 551 Iron Ore 435 Iron ore deposits barely touched 433 Iron Trade Review 1050 lronsmith made "edge tools," etc. 536 Iroquois, The 91 1248 - INDEX "Is that you Captain?" 481 Israelitic Society 1209 Issue went over 772 It was to be years before bottom was found 458 Italian Hall 1139 Italian street fair in 1925 1068 Italians came about 40 years ago 894 Items exported 258 Ives Brewery burned 745 J Jackson announced public debt paid off 269 Jackson Mining Co. organized 438 "Jackson Mountain" 438 Jackson, President 268 Jackson's way good as any 270 "James, where did you get this?" 126 Japanese Merchants 895 Jay, Webb did much driving 704 Jeers from nit-wits at Harvey's extravagance 444 Jefferson, Thomas 3, 9, 17 Jennings Avenue Church 364 Jennings, Federal Agent lost prisoner to a mob 425 Jesuit Relations published 83 Jewelry, furniture, glassware 429 "Jitney" appeared, disappeared 727 Joe Posey the lone white resident 446 John D. committed to an Oil Career 600 John D., Jr. 625 John Harsch Bronze and Foundry Co. 787 John Huntington Polytechnic Institute 1060 Johnson acted as Motorman 928 Johnson, Alexander 11 Johnson and Andrews at deadlock 1045 Johnson & Tisdale Example 500 Johnson built the Pilot 244 Johnson came on Scene 922 Johnson first real builder 174 Johnson House, The 173 Johnson, Levi 295 Johnson, Mayor Tom L. 589, 678 Johnson, Tom, lowered car fares, 823; 860; statue, 783; read a book, 922; data on activitie 923 Johnson, Samuel W. 30 Johnson, Seth W. 296, 499 Johnson, Sir William 900 Johnson understood Steffens, who thought he understood Johnson 930 Johnson's Henry George "tax school" 866 Johnson's Welfare Director 1220 Johnston & Jennings Co 787 Jones & Sons, T. 369 Jones Brothers, Welsh iron men, came 541 Jones, Capt. Bill, ran Edgar Thompson plant 561 Jones, G. W. 304 Jones, Maj. Samuel 204 Jones, Myrta L. 1144 Jones, Robert 821 Jones, Samuel, brought first violin 1102 Jordan car came 711 Josephine, Empress 4 Jouett, H. D., brought to Cleveland 866 Journal of J. M. Holley 38 Journals kept by surveyors 37 Journey to Niagara on foot 99 Joyce, Adrian D. 791 Joy, Henry B. 695 Jubilee and Carnival on public square 759 July 4 played important part 235 K Kaiser army on retreat 779 Kaiser endorsed movement 760 Kalish, Max, among foremost in Sculpture 1064 Kant, Immanuel 4 Keats, John 4 Keeler, Harriett L. 200 Keen-Lung, Emperor 5 Keeping a cabin warm 124 Keller, Henry 1063 Kelley, Alfred 170, 298, 327 Kelley, Daniel 298 Kelley, Datus 298 Kelley got a commission appointed (Canal route) 233 Kelley, Grace V. 1058 Kelley, Horace, bequest of 1061 Kelley, Irad 298 Kelley Reamer Co 786 Kelleys Island, 67; still exhaustless quarry 495 Kelleys, J. R. and Irad 166, 817 Kellogg, Frank B. 623 Kelly made half a million; Bessemer ten million; Manufacturers, billions 545 Kelly's patent renewed for seven years 545 Kelly's triumph hit by panic 545 Kelly was first, but Bessemer beat him to the patent 543 Kennedy, Charles E. 1043 Kennedy, James H., quoted, 34; 84; quoted 339 Kennedy quoted on Newspapers 1029 Kennedy's Centennial History quoted 348 Kentucky Coal 521 Kept on sinking wells 458 Keys, Charles F. 701 Kicked Tom Johnson out 934 Kier, Samuel M. 594 "Kier's Petroleum or Rock Oil" 594 Kilby M'f'g. Co, 787 Kill-joy's gratuitous "info" 1173 Kimball, Mrs. S. H. 1053 King, George 360 King James I burned coal in palace 512 King of Sweden alone acknowledged 1168 Kingsbury children, The 123 Kingsbury first legal authority 906 Kingsbury, James 123, 298, 906 Kingsbury, Mrs. died 130 Kingsbury, Mrs. ready to go back to Erie 124 Kingsbury's death 130 Kingsbury's Run 130 Kinney & Levan Co. 821 Kinney sold crockery 821 Kinsman Street Ry. Co., 1859 418 Kirby, Ephraim 30 Kirby, Frank E. 483, 500 Kirby, Josiah 407 Kirtland, Dr. Jared P. 170, 359 Kirtland, Thomas 157 Kitchell, Ashbel 1188 Kitzmiller, Helen H. 196 Kloman was an unbusinesslike metallurgist 560 Klumph was chief 755 Knitting and crocheting 208 Knittle, Rhea Mansfield 208 Kohler, Fred 931 Kohler made Mayor in 1921 933 Kohler's campaigning 939 Kosciuszko 4 Kroger groceries 827 Kulas, E. J. 553 L Labor in 1840 was 75c a day 819 Labor troubles with war worries 771 Lacked Spanish gold-lust 12 Lacquers 790 Lacy, Thaddeus 175 Lady of the Lake, The 244 Lake Algonquin 76 Lake Carriers' Association 506 Lake carriers' report for 1928 498 Lake City Malleable Co. 787 Lake docks have rapid unloading facilities 520 Lake Erie Bolt & Nut Co. 575 INDEX - 1249 Lake Erie decided upon 387 Lake Erie gets by far greater part of Superior ore 472 Lake Erie Telegraph Co. came 820 Lake fleet bred 254 Lake Maumee 76 Lake Michigan carried U. S. flag for first time 480 Lake vessels grew to 400 feet in 1895 487 Lake View Cemetery 392 Lake Whittlesey 76 Lakes had been "overbuilt" 316 Lakes spawned ships 484 "Lament of the dying goldfinch" 194 Land, water, timber, salt 26 Land bought at 40c an acre 29 Land contracts sort of circulating medium 910 Land of infinite variety 7 Land prices boomed where canals touched 267 Land rush and boom 254 Landis fined Trust $29,240,000 623 Landon, Joseph 119 Lands 108 Langen, Eugen 693 Langford, Richard, claimed to be discoverer of Gogebic Range 454 Large percentage of home-owners 799 Largest capacitiy for wire nails in the world 555 Largest contribution to Cleveland fund was $200,000 759 La Salle 96, 244 Later doings of Old Bohemians 1055 Latter Day Saints 1213 Latvians 895 Laughter, too and good times 156 Laura Spelman Rockefeller Memorial 627 Lavish expenditures tax spending bodies 472 Lawyer in pro-German activities wasn't so smart 756 "Lay of the Mesabi, A" 460 Leading world in production 722 Leased departments, department stores 831 Leather and its manufacturers 806 Lee, Ann 1182 Leece-Neville Co. (war work) 778 Lees-Bradner Co. 785 Left Stileses and Jos. Landon with provisions 113 Legal Aid Society 1232 Legal difficulties 1232 Legal fuel standard in Ohio 516 Lehr, Adam 1052 Leonard, Rt. Rev. W. A. 1205 Leppo showed car in Chicago 688 Lester, S. F. 351 Levenhagen, R. W. 791 Lewis, Noel Lawson 1050 Lewis and Clark expedition 255 "Liberty" pole 352 Libraries 370 Library Committee 374 Library formally opened 374 Library Players 1147 Licensed first theatre 272 Life class started 1052 Light 645 Lightning rods, burr millstones 429 Lilley, E. B. 1044 Limestone and other building materials 798 Limestone used for concrete 495 Limitless mineral riches 7 Lincoln, Abraham 407 Lincoln, Mordecai, was master of forge 534 Lincoln car acquired 721 Lincoln passed thru Cleveland 426 Lind, Jenny 407, 1106 Lind, Jenny, came in 1851 412 Linderman, Rev. J. C. W. 363 Liquor 345 Liquor sold at race track 275 Liquor was sold very freely 345 List of raw materials made in Cleveland 811 List of subscribers to Connecticut Land Co. 27 List of those who came in 1797 131 Lithuanians came in 1870 891 Little food profiteering 761 "Little Italy" 895 Little, unknown car had swallowed General Motors 711 Little Theater, A 1142 Livingston, John 21 Livingston, Robert 21 Livingstone, William 489 Loading and unloading records 491 Loading ores 471 Loan exhibit of Rembrandt, Van Dyck, Reynolds, Turner, Millet and other masters' painting 1051 Local electrical plants world-known 689 Locks looked capacious enough 499 Locomotive invented to haul coal from mines 519 Loeb, Louis 1051 Log cabins, facts about 142-9 Log cabins and hard cider 351 Long, David 281 Long, David, first doctor 161 Lon called family council 455 Lon Merritt told. Congressional Committee seventeen years later 467 Loomis, Elias 202 Loomis, Professor 197 Looked for twenty years for iron in those hills 456 Looked out door and saw husband coming 129 Lorain Medical Building 1091 Lorain Street Savings and Trust Bank 851 Lord, Richard 321 Lorenz, Carl 1076 Lorenz, writing in 1910, on art 1051 Lots could not be sold at any price 271 Lottery to raise canal funds 230 Lowe, K. Elmo 1141 Loyal, but could not read English 770 Lucas Machine Tool Co. 781 Lucy, a mulatto girl, seized in home of one Benton 421 Lucy Faith gifted in song 1185 Lucy turned out 100 tons iron in one day 561 Lumber and building group 831 Lumber as lake freight 492 Lumber left lake ports for England 506 Lumber yards 791 Luncheon table crowd 611 Luxuries appeared in ."Ads" of 1837 811 Lyceum Theater 1141 Lye was first money crop Lyman, Jeremiah (bill for goods) 161 Lynn, Mass., had important colonial iron works 531 Lyon, Jeanette Agnew 1071 Lyon, R. T., quoted (1847) 301 Lyon, Richard T. 350 Lytton's "Lady of Lyons" 211 M Mabery, Dr. Charles 793 Macadam, John 228 MacCabe, J. P. Bolivar 277 Macedonians came in 1903 895 MacElwee, Dr. R. S. 588 Machine for making horse-shoes 608 Machinery, except transportation equipment 809 Machines and machine tools 782 Mackenzie, Alexander 26 Maclean gives Elmira Phillips' Story of Festival 1191 Made cannon for U. S. 322 Made careful study of storm 203 1250 - INDEX Made deal with Rockefeller 467 Made first locomotives West of Alleghanies 322 Made machinery for the Emigrant 540 Made steel directly from ore 548 Made 200,000 Cleveland workers idle 769 Made wheelbarrows for miners 708 Magazine of Western History 152 Magazines 1049 Magazines of 1830s 211 Mahoning Valley known for coal before for steel 515 Main, John, had drugstore on Euclid Ave. 820 Main tenets of Shaker religion 1183 Majority of businesses failed 339 Making armorplate 564 Making of muslin underwear 796 Malcolmson, A. Y. 700 Mall by summer of 1933 1088 Malting, brewing, bridges 429 Man knew of petroleum for ages 603 Man made wooden dishes 144 Man tore down poster in street car 770 Man with wooden leg was first water-works 386 Managerial form of government 940 Manner of extinction of Eries 92 Mansion House 400, 817 Man-trolley coal bridge 520 Manufactured products 799 Manufactured iron carried on horseback 536 Manufacturing 533 Manufacturing plants closed 767 Manufacturers, classified 806 Manufacturers hated to pay royalties 545 Manxmen 896 Many died of cold and starvation 436 Many men working on dynamos 651 Many rumors of iron 437 Many tragedies in oil industry 614 Maple Sugar had to be made 148 Marble and stone works 429 Marched across to cabin 351 Marconi 669 Marconi Wireless and Telegraph Co. of America 669 Marine Review, The 1050 Market problem serious 416 Market Square 417 Markets 416 Marmie, Peter, built a furnace 537 Marquette Iron Co. organized 439 Marquette village grew 439 Marshall, Geo. F., quoted 327 Marshall Drug Co. 827 Marshall ordered to get after boot-leggers 272 Martin, Earle 838 Martin, Glenn L. 737 Martin, Geo. A. 791 Martin, Rev. Thomas 366, 1205 Masonic and other orders 1213 Masonic Auditorium 1134 Masonic meetings 355 Mason's automatic bucket 477 Mather, Samuel 345, 439 Mather, Samuel, Jr. 30 Mather, Samuel L. 275 Mather, Samuel Livingstone 578 Mather, S. H. 376 Mather, Thomas 134 Mather & Co., Thomas 36 Mather, William G. 583 Mather family spans Cleveland history 578 Matzen, Herman N., dean of Cleveland sculptors 1074 Matzen, Herman N., sculptor 889 Matzen sculptures and their end 1088 Matzen's Tom L. Johnson 935 Maurice, Capt. Q. W. 251 Maxim, Hiram S. 653 Maxwell, James Clerk 666 May, George 348 May, P. 348 "May as well do something useful" 202 May Company, The 822 "May Shows" largely patronized 1063 Mayor opposed to Federal order 751 Mayor responded 370 Mayor was voted $500 salary 272 Mayors brought up to date 917 McAdoo started ball rolling, 762; may have suggested station on Square 866 McCartney, Edward 176 McCaskill, John 459 McClurg became first Pittsburgh millionaire 537 McConnell came as director 1144 McCullough, Anna 169 McDonald, J. B. 705 McDougall, Alexander 488 McGillin's 823 McIntosh, David 400 McIntosh paid $4,500 for same. lot 873 McKisson followed Blee as mayor 920 McLaughlin, Rev. Peter, 366, 1206 McNair, John 111 McMyler Interstate Co. (war work) 777 McMyler M'f'g Co. 477 McMylers gave museum fine organ 1062 Measurements of music and murder 1048 Meat served at noon 148 Meat supply 147 Meatless and wheatless days 767 Mechanical handling of grain 490 Mechanical horse, The 717 Mechanics' Hall as theater 1139 Mechanized handling of coal 519 Medical College 980 Meginnes, early trader 162 Melanowski, Leo 698 Melodeon Hall 411 Melt into native population 891 Melting pot working 903 Members of class of 1855 345 Membership dwindled 1199 Men 18 to 45 registered 780 Men engaged in river business 301 Men, events and businesses in 1835 248 Men in boat for home 113 Men representing Connecticut 26 Men who went to Western Reserve 36 Menominee Range 445 Mercantile National Bank 843 Merchandising 815 Merchant, Ahaz 173 Merchants along Euclid Ave. 872 Merchants' Bank 843 Merchants' National Bank 376 Mercury in mountains 8 "Mercy Day" parade 765 Merely an excavator's job 459 Merger of White Co. and Studebaker Corporation 730 Mergers 827 Mermaids given by Mr. and Mrs. F. E. Drury 1068 Merritt, Alfred, 456; brought suit against Rockefeller, won verdict of 940,000, 468 Merritt boys remained, clearing forest and ranging Mesabi, 451; a strange family 456 Merritt, Burr 456 Merritt, Cassius 456 Merritt, Hepzibeth, iron-hearted little mother of the Seven Iron Men 462 Merritt, John E. 456 Merritt, Leonidas, 456; called family council, 458; began buying ore basins, 458; demanded state lease law, 459; tried poetry as a means of financing, 460; went to Pittsburgh, 461; turned Napoleon, 463; went to see Rockefeller, 467; pledged Merritts' stock, signed notes, 467; sold Consolidated stock to Rockefeller, 467; died in 1926 468 Merritt, Lewis Howell, 447; had observed Mesabi iron, 447; built a INDEX - 1251 hotel, 451; departed for Missouri, 451; 456; his boys, 456; were worth $10,000,000 456 Merritt, Lewis J. 456 Merritt Mines were producing more ore than all other mines in America 468 Merritt, Wilbur, 456; discovered Biwabik group 459 Merritts considered slightly balmy 458 Merritts filed on more than 200 claims, 458; now had more ore than ever dreamed of, 460; sought transportation from two railroads, were refused, 461; first ore shipped November, 1892, 462; had to build cars to haul ore, 462; sitting on top of world, 462; mines were just starting production, 467; money melted away, 467; were flat broke 468 Merritts swarmed over region 457 Merwin & Giddings sent first boat 257 Merwin, Geo. B. 247 Merwin, Mrs. Geo. B. 386 Merwin, Noble H. 298, 349, 817 Merwin's fine schooner Minerva 244 Merwins built hotel 400 Mesabi Range 446 Message brought by little Scotch nurse 766 Message from Paqua 46 "Messiah" given yearly 1117 Metal crafts added 1060 Metal Paints 790 Metals and metal products, other than iron and steel 808 Metals and minerals group 835 Methodist Episcopal Church 284 Methodist Episcopal churches 1213 Methods at first primitive 445 Methods of making coke 526 Metropolitan Division (Funds) 1224 Metzger was sales manager 696 Mewett, Alfred 1060 Miami Confederacy, The 81 Miami Exporting Co 840 Michaelson, A. A. 204 Michigan and Minnesota tax commissions estimated ore reserves as 470 Mid-continent bottled up, 18; will have shipping advantages, 509 Middle Family had a church 1194 Midland Steel Products Co. 786 Mierke, H. 821 "Might be iron, but can you mine it?" 458 Migrants poured through mountain passes 12 Mihalik, Julius 1060 Miles Park 397 Military 346 Military post at Sandusky 102 Mill Family built a dam. 1194 Mill stones from Vermilion River 165 "Millenium Church of United Believers" 1183 Miller Bros.' Paint Co. 789 Miller Drug Co. 827 Miller, Ray T., as Mayor 940 Miller, Thomas 360 Millikan, Prof. R. A. 548 Millions . . in their last sleep 56 Mills closed, ore vessels rode idle 467 Mine it with hand shovels! 459 Mine workings of Roman origin found by English miners 512 Mineral Spring 284 Mines on ranges 471 Mines operated profitably 453 Minnesota gave away greatest mineral heritage 472 Miscellaneous 369 Miscellaneous industries 810 Miscellaneous (play) 1178 Missionaries 186 Missions 1221 Missouri Pacific bought 865 Mitchell, Peter, got grubstake for tour 448 582 Mob threatened again 425 Mobile's assessed value jumped 269 Mobs destroyed iron works 513 Mobs opposed Federal authority 425 Modern city schools 959 Modern newspaper 1047 Modoc Park 394 Moncrief, Major, quoted 97 Money 278 Money contributions fell off too 755 Money for dividends, interest, payrolls, failed 467 Money was always found somewhere 453 Money went into hiding 270 Monroe Cemetery 391 Moore, Capt. N. D. 454 Moore, Capt. Smith 476 Moore, Douglas 1062 Moravian Indians 102 Moravians sent to Canada 105 More varieties of noodles than New Englanders ever dreamed of 888 Morgan, E. P. 351 Morgan got figures 565 Morgan, John 30 Morgan, J. P. 624 Morgan, Mrs. F. Cleaveland 106 Morgan-VanSweringer story 865 Morley, Edward Williams 204 Mormons good customers 708 Morris, Calvary 855 Morris, Clara, her first appearance 411; 1141 Morris Plan Bank 851 Morrison, William 705 Morrow, Governor 236 Morse gave demonstration before President and Cabinet 659 Morse, in Chamber of U. S. Supreme Court, sent message 660 Morse, Jay C., organized Illinois Steel Co. Morse laid cable 661 Morse shaped design in mind 659 Morse studied chemistry and electricity at Yale 659 Moses in the bullrushes 49 Moses, Luther 296 Most important electrical center in world 683 Most remarkable phenomenon in all industry 720 Most statistical-minded city in U. S. 782 Mother Merritt came back from Missouri to see her boys through - 462 Motor bus appeared 727 Motor ships on the Lakes 497 Motor vehicles first 732 Motors 686 Mott, Dr. John R., went to see Kaiser 760 Mould, H. J. 284 Mound Builders 55 Mounds in Ohio 57 Move for access to tidewater 506 Movement to completely electrify railways 680 Movements of coal trains and ore ships 519 Mowrey paid $100 for lot, built tavern 873 Mowrey, Phinney, picked most famous hotel site, 400 872 Mowrey's Tavern 400 Muck-raking Steffens 929 Municipal Airport 737 Municipal Auditorium 1135 Municipal Association—Civic League 921 Municipal Association failed as boss 926 Municipal Traction Co. 927 Munson quit, Town took his holdings 452 Munson, Titus V. 113 Murals in bank buildings, schools 1074 Murdoch patented making of various articles 523 Murdoch tried to eliminate smell from gas 524 Murdock, William 5, 522 1252 - INDEX Murray and Bixby built the Ohio 174 Murray, Harvey 298 Murrays, Elias and Harvey 166, 817 Museum of Art started 1061; 1135 Mushet, Robert F. 546 Mushrooms thought poisonous 150 Music 412 Music and Drama 1102 Music Schools, facts about 1112 Music student thought "queer" 207 Music teachers 1113 Musical instruments 810 Musicians' Club 1116 Musicians' Union Committee 1128 "Must have next installment on bonds or cannot live" 453 My City—poem, by Ted Robinson 877 N Names best known in coal trade 517 Names of adventurers and amounts subscribed 27 Names of early bankers 841-844 Names of men returning to Connecticut October 18, 1796 113 Names of men who went to "Cleveland" 36 Names of proposed States 17 Names on Davis' War Board 751 Naphtha 529 Naphthalene 530 Napoleon, 3; couldn't see it 294 Nash Motor Co. organized 721 National Acme Co 785 National Automobile Chamber of Commerce 714 National Awakening 507 National Bank act passed, currency was stabilized 823 National Banking Act of 1863 841 National broadcasting chains 672 National Bronze and Aluminum Co. 787 National Canoe Ass'n 1178 National City Bank of Cleveland 376; 842; 851 National economic collapse 340 Nationalities, data on 885 National Malleable and Steel Castings Co. 575; 787 National Petroleum News 1050 National Refiners' Ass'n. organized 612 National Rowing Ass'n. 1178 National Tool Co 786 National Transit Co 616 Natural gas 633 Natural History Museum 1020 Neal asked Cox for special session 769 Nearly everything valuable in the ground is hard to get out 514 Negro girl returned to owner 426 Negro population 883 Negroes present peculiar problem 896 Neptune, The 244 New baby came 124 New baseball park—transportation to 933 New Central High School 342 New city charter, 1836 911 New Connecticut, 26; survey 49 New Courthouse, known as Old Courthouse 415 New depot of stone and iron 421 New drive began—let's double it! 758 New Gnadenhutten 103 New Jerusalem (Swedenborgian) 1213 New product at each heat 529 New settlers of 1798 141 New State Constitution 380 New storm was gathering 620 New trend in engineering 793 New tunnels required 389 New, wonderfully efficient hull evolved 487 New York City real estate values 269 New York to Dayton freight 258 Newberry, Professor 69 Newberry, Roger 30 Newberry sent a few tons by canal 511 Newburgh annexed in 1873 916 Newburgh had official cemetery before Cleveland did 392 Newcomers in 1799-1801 142 News and Plain Dealer affiliated 1044 Newspapers, early, 278; their editors and owners, 1023; give public what public wants 1048 Newton, Sir Isaac 649 Niagara River, age of 77 Nichols, Capt. J. A. 457 Nickel Plate Railroad 864 Nine grants passed to two companies 678 Nitrous oxide contract (war) 779 No direct contact with war's ravages 747 "No fooling with any damned toy" 477 No market for Co.'s stocks and bonds 453 No market for surplus wheat 162 No more rolling or slitting mills, etc., to be made in America 585 No one took gas seriously 523 No show too good or too bad 411 No time wasted on our "Athletics" 202 Nolan, Louis, half-breed 437 "Non-Nicotine continuous tobacco pipe" 563 Nordyke & Marmon Co. 713 North Brooklyn Cemetery 391 North Union Society dissolved 1200 Northcliffe, Lord, came 762 Northern Transportation Co. 316 Northwest Territory, The 15 North-Western Fur Co. 103 Norton, Elisha, had second store 166 Norton, Elisha, first postmaster 175 Norton, Miss G. L. 1053; 1059; 1061 Not a square yard of stone paving 356 Not enough interchange between rails and ships 498 Not safe to guess aloud 513 Not sufficient gray cloth 347 Notably free from alien disturbances 756 Notes came due 467 "Nothing heard from Rockefeller," replied Otis 759 Nothing idyllic about the Lucy furnaces 561 Nothing sinister—good business! 920 Now chiefly advertising on radio 672 Now had everything but vessels 564 Number and percentage foreign elements 884 O Oatman, W. G. 301 Oberlin was radical for the time 200 Obstacle shunted them to wider field 864 Obtained old, unused grant 453 Obtained 17,000 acres of rich iron land 452 Occupational training 765 Odd Fellows came in 1842 355 O'Dwyer, Father 1206 Offered $8,000,000 for interests 463 Officers, Mendelssohn Society 413 Officers, Musical Arts Ass'n., 1932 1133 Officers of Fortnightly Musical Club 1131 Officers of leading bank, 1837 278 Officers of Masonic Lodge, 1841 355 Officers (1932) Women's Committee of Cleveland Orchestra 1133 Official roster, Museum trustees 1061 Oglebay, Earl W. 586 Ohio Automobile Co. 695 Ohio Bell Telephone Co. building 1092 Ohio built her own canal 233 Ohio Chemical and M'f'g. Co. (war work) 779 Ohio coal fields 521 Ohio City 263 Ohio City mob surged across 264 Ohio filling National Guard 750 Ohio Indians 81 "Ohio Pioneer Arts and Crafts" 208 Ohio Railroad, The 319 INDEX - 1253 Ohio ranks fifth among bituminous states 517 Ohio Steel Castings Co. 787 Ohio Varnish Co. 791 Oil 593 Oil carrying divided among three railroads 608 Oil crowd at table 619 Oil districts 629 Oil industry no longer a monopoly 636 Oil painting 1072 "Oil Price Handbook" 1050 Oil pumped over mountain 2,600 feet high 615 Oil recoverable from shales 641 Oil Region wanted to "hog" the business 608 Oil transportation turning to pipes 615 Old Academy had elementary and high schools 341 Old Bohemians (young artists) 1052 Old Cleveland World listed city's disasters 745 Old customs, costumes displayed 900 Old Cut Nail Workers were an "aristocracy" 557 Old Seneca, 118; Paine's opinion of 120 Old Soo portage finally cut through 487 Old Stone Church came to the Square 874 "Old Tom Collins" 477 Old Trinity 361 Oldest four-wheel gasoline car in world 688 Olds, Ransom E. 691 Olds taught the industry a lesson 698 Ole Bull played "My Old Kentucky Home" 412 Oliver, Henry 559 Oliver, Henry W., came hot foot from Republican Convention at Minneapolis 462 Oliver organized mining company owning finest ore lands 463 Oliver told Frick about it 463 Olney gallery 1077 On guard duty 750 On rocks near Cooper Harbor 481 One body of ore was 2 1/2 miles long, 100 to 400 feet deep, 440 feet top to bottom 460 One-eighth of population paupers 1226 One community 383 "One Hundred Years of Western Reserve"' 195 One-man exhibitions 1059 One mistake was expensive car 714 Only five cities of more than 8,000 917 Only flour was musty 149 Only way to get common schools 342 Open hearth steadily gaining in favor 548 Opened through to Portsmouth 257 Opera Guild, The 1118 Orders from Germany for lathes was suspicious 760 Ordinance of 1787 created the Northwest Territory 16 Ore and coal most important lake freight 491 Ore cargoes 489 Ore could be mined in the Mesabi for less than 5 cents a ton for labor 463 Ore dumped on docks if no demand for 445 Ore piled up at mines 467 Ore reserves estimated, 1927 470 Ores taken out in recent years 469 Ore so far was hard 445 Ore stored for winter consumption—coal for summer shipping 520 Ore was a puzzle, though 458 Oregon Trail 7 Organ given by Mrs. P. H. McMyler 1062 Organized General Motors Co. 710 Organized Keystone Bridge Co. 559 Organized Otis Steel Co. 548 Original streets of village 173 Originator of mixed paints 788 Orpheus Club 1118 O'Rourke had tailor shop 820 Orth, Jane D. 412 Orth, Samuel, quoted, 112; tells of city survey, 138; names original streets, 173; quoted, 210; 225; 257; 297, 303; on early railroads, 325; 403; on Weddell House 407 Orth's History of Cleveland 75 Osborn, Chase Salmon 435 Other bus-makers in Northern Ohio 729 Otis and Chisholm appear 540 Otis family pioneered in "open hearth" process 547 Otis Foundry Co. wanted pig iron 445 Otis, James 181 Otis offered White $42 for all he could deliver 445 Otis sold at close of Civil War, went to England 548 Otis Steel Co. 782 Otis, William A. 181, 348 Otto, Nicholas August 693 Outcroppings of iron found 536 Outhwaite, John 439 Oviat, Librarian L. M. 374 Owen, Robert 196 P Pacifist talk not tolerated 751 Package freight has not grown with bulk freight 497 Packard, J. W. 695 Packard Motor Co. 695 Packard, W. D. 695 Packing industry 798 Paid Merritts $75,000 cash on a contract 463 Paine, Edward 119, 162 Paine, R. F. 360 Painesville 119 Paint and varnish 788 Paints, colors, etc. 523 Pancake motor 729 Panic again 377 Panic came—rushed to Indianapolis 696 Panic of 1837 252 Paper, printing and related industries 807 Park system 1152 Park Theater 1141 Parking facilities overcrowded 823 Parking problem a factor 872 Parkman adds last touch 100 Parks—acreage 1159 Parliament asked Edward I to forbid use of coal 512 Parsons, Gen. Samuel H. 20 Partners in big steel merger 566 Partners of Carnegie 560 Parts became largely interchangeable 713 Passenger and freight traffic 497 :'Passenger house" of 1853 421 Passenger rates by water 308 Patented coal tar 523 Patents taken out by Shaker societies 1190 Patronage gratifying (R. R.) 331 Patterson-Sargent Co. 791 Patti, Adelina 412 Paving 355 Payne, Col. Oliver H. 608 Payne, Henry B. 326 Payne, Lieutenant 99 "Peace" was cry of many 762 Pease, Seth 30 Pease's diary 42 Peck & Masters 297, 499, 500 Peerless Mfg. Co. with its Motorette 697 Pelton, F. W., mayor in 1871 915 Pelton Publishing Co 1050 Penfield, A. 301 Peninsula. Railroad 446 Penn, William 31 Pennsylvania and Ohio Canal 241 Pennsylvania iron ore destined to exhaustion 538 1254 - INDEX Pennsylvania R. R. opposed station on square 866 Pennsylvania wagons 227 People learning war was not all thrills 758 People's Gas Light Co. appeared 524 People's Savings Bank branches 854 People's Theater 1141 Perfection of process came from a Scot, Mushet 546 Perfection Stove Works 786 Perfectly adapted to carry ore and coal 488 Perils of coal mining largely over-come 514 Period of storm and stress in oil industry 610 Periods of chemical industry 791 Perkins, Geo. W., quoted 568 Perkins, Pres. David 332 Perry, Horace 298 Perry, Nathan, 37, 166; Cleveland's first greater merchant 817 Perry, Oliver 327 Perry, O. H., spoke 370 Perry's guns heard in Cleveland (?) 746 Perry's monument 369 Personal "friends" would gamble $10 for $100 shares 459 Persuaded employers to help pay for survey 442 Peter had a way with legislators 444 Petition to repeal city charter 913 Petroleum 429 Petroleum came in second period 792 Petroleum center 597 Petroleum field divided 624 Petroleum lubricants created machine age 633 Petroleum Producers' Union organized 611 Petroleum small item in lake shipping 495 Pettit & Holland 298 Phelps, Oliver 29, 30 Phenols 530 Phipps, Harry 559 Phoenix Lodge, I. O. O. F. 355 Phonographs 810 Physicians and surgeons 1213 Pickands, James 579 Pickands, Mather & Co. 454, 579 Picnics 1168 Picture of government as it is 920 Picture of retail business in Cleveland 834 Pig iron handled by Cleveland firms 428 Pigeons darkened sky 51 Pike's Vulgar Arithmetic 194 Piles of iron ore and coal on Cleveland waterfront 520 Pilgerruh (Pilgrim's Rest) 104, 1201 Pioneer car line 677 Pioneer in use of steam instead of horse power 539 Pioneer Iron Co. in 1847 539 Pioneer seldom articulate 151 "Pioneer Women of Western Reserve" 150. Pioneers, The 117 Pipe lines slower growth 607 Pipe stem was first gas jet 523 Pitch 532 Pitt, William 3 Pittsburgh, early facts of 535 Pittsburgh flourished — smoke thickened 538 Pittsburgh was becoming an oil metropolis 597 Pity for pioneers is misplaced 214 Places of trust 1199 Plain Dealer's digest Green's book on foreign-born population 902 Plain Dealer tells how John D. came to wander 622 Plain Dealer on death of Hon. James Kingsbury 130 Plan agreed upon in 1931 507 Plan was to combine four concerns 565 Planing mills, furniture, carriages 429 Planting in vacant lots 764 Platt, Warren 1050 Platt’s Oilgram 1050 Play 1150 Play House, The 1144 Play, one can think of all alone 184 Playgoing gained rapidly 408 Playgrounds 1165 `Pneumatic process," Kelly called it 544 Pocket knives made to match Sheffield's 537 Poe locks, named for Gen. O. M. Poe 484 Poem, My City 877 Poles in Cleveland 898 Police Chief Rowe welcomed A. P. L. 755 Police court established 380 Policy on vice perplexed many 931 Polish national churches 1213 Political boss dissected 941 Politicians spoke from balcony 403 Politics 351 Polo 1179 Ponies 1177 Pony express in 1912 225 Pooling of patents 713 "Poor, satisfied and healthy" 8 Poorhouse 1219 Population 380 Population figures 277, 340 Population jumped 255 Population of U. S. 10,000,000 195 Pornay, Mary 101 Port Independence christened 46 Port is one of best in world 738 Porter, Augustus 30 Post, Charles, on dancing party 190 Post, Nathan L. 1104 Post Office Dept. promised to send inspector 482 Post panic 339 Potash from wood ashes 792 Pottery tubes 61 Potwin, Lemuel 204 Poultry supply abnormally large 760 Powder, bricks, hats, caps 429 Powerboating 1050 Pratt, Charles 613 Pratt, Geo. W. 286 "Praying Indians" 104 Preachers having churches 1213 Prehistoric sand beaches 222 Prentiss, Adella Rouse 1120 Presbyterian churches 1213 Present cathedral completed 1852 1209 Present Cleveland banks 851 Present day theaters 1143 Preserves railway ties, fence posts, etc. 530 Preserving vessels and wood 523 President asked Congress to declare war 751 President Wilson at Baltimore, quoted 771 President with women on suffrage 768 President's address at armory 748 Press eliminated silly "Mister" 1042 Press, The 278, 1023 Pressure of population, The 11 Price of export kerosene fell 610 Prices, 1870 and 1932 829 Prices of some articles 166 Prices set for foods 767 Prices tobogganed 270 Primitive methods of warfare 778 Principal producing states 630 Principal shipping ports 496 Principal West Virginia fields 521 Prison offense to sell Standard Oil 623 Private "enterprise" built docks 253 Private schools 1006 Process not complete in itself 545 Pro-community action centers in Chamber 838 Production called for capital—hard to find 459 Production in principal ranges from 1854 to close of 1926 470 Production of charcoal very wasteful 539 Production of electrical energy, 1929 684 Productions by Mendelssohn Society 1105 INDEX - 1255 Product of wood has power to preserve wood 530 Products, alphabetical list of 806 Products by classes 806 Professional string quartets 1119 Profited from canal before completed 256 Progress in steam navigation 295 Project had money and modern machinery 452 Prologue: Before Moses 3 "Prominent citizens" indicted 425 Promoters give bridge to city 264 Prophecy followed by break 278 Prophets and metaphysicians of future may be super-electricians 685 Prospecting continued and spread 439 Protestant churches 361 Protestant Episcopal churches 1213 Protestant Methodist Church 284 Protestants helped Jewish brethren 1210 Protestants subscribed liberally to first Catholic church 1209 Prowling wolves 156 Public buildings 283 Public Library, The 373, 1009 Public Library and Board of Education buildings 1088 Public parks yet to come 283 Public school music 1117 Public school system launched 345 Public schools 948 Public squares and circles 393 Publishing sixth largest industry 1049 "Put out that blamed light!" 647 Putnam, Gen. Rufus, ironmaster 534 Putnam, Maj. Israel 101 Q Quality of water hopelessly bad 389 Quart of whisky or loaf of bread 346 Quarter century of Cleveland art 1058 Quayle & Martin 296, 500 Quayle & Moses 499 Quayle plan adopted 770 Quayle's Sons, Thomas 296 Quayle, Thomas 296 Queen Anne financed iron works 533 Quest for unknown latencies in coal 523 Quota oversubscribed $20,000,000 762 R Raccoons, turkey, deer 110 Radio 666 Radio brings music to every home 1136 Radio "commission" with license system 672 Radio Corporation of America 670 Radio telegraphy covers all world 670 Ragged School, The 275 Railroad a paragon of thrifty building 401 Railroad and express receipts, etc. 430 Railroad had to be built with private capital 452 "Railroad on stilts" 319 Railroad repair shops 810 Railroad was inaugurated 328 Railroad workers in wage ultimatum. 767 Railroads 317 Railroads became frightened 611 Railroads enter lake carrying business 317 Railroad's birth celebrated 331 Rails for railways 322 Rails rose to $85; Jones produced for $36 562 Railsplitting passe 553 Railways as always, in underhand deals 611 Railways must hook up with water-ways 444 Raines, Julia M. 1060 Ramsey and Baker led in Cleveland's $10,000,000 fund 760 Rappe, Rt. Rev. Louis Amadeus 398, 890, 1206 Rates (passenger) fell rapidly 308 Raw materials 811 Raymond, Samuel 350, 360 Real estate sold 451 Rebate charges again 623 Rebellion among producers and refiners 622 Received runaway slaves 422 Receipts less than expenditures 241 Receipts of lumber, shingles, etc. 428 Records in loading and unloading 491 Recovery of asylum's money from failed bank 378 Red Jacket made speech 41 Red Jacket's sentiments upon religion 41 Redfield, Wm. C. 748 Reed organ is new instrument for churches 1104 Reed's Archaeology quoted 60 Reed's Schoolhouse 284 Refined copper, paper, woolens 429 Refineries sprang up in thirty states 630 Reformed Church in the U. S. 1213 Reformed Episcopal 1213 Refuse heaps went to make roads 516 Refused to sell for billion dollars 716 Regenerative and reverberatory furnace 548 Regroupings 590 Reis, Philip, built a telephone 663 Relief families, 1929-1930 1228 Religion and philanthropy 1201 Religious and charitable associations 1221 Remains of earliest settlers exhumed 390 Remains of prehistoric animals 74 Rents skyrocketed 763 Report of Industrial Development Committee, Cleveland Chamber of Commerce 806 Republic Iron & Steel Co. 574 Residences began leaving river 873 Residences moved out Euclid Avenue 874 Residences were moving out Euclid Avenue 819 Resources of Marquette Range unguessed 445 Restaurants under suspicion 767 Results by Community Fund 1225 Retail grocery and meat business 825 Retort oven last stage 527 Returned on foot 125 Returned to mayoralty form in 1932 940 "Revelation" to be given to world 1185 Revere, Col. Paul, ironmaster 534 Revolving crane for docks 477 Rhea, Madame 1141 Rice, Harvey, quoted, 35; 184; made presentation speech 370 Rice, Olney 113 Rice's idea adopted 345 Richman Brothers 796 Richman family came 796 Risley, Luke 322 Rittenhouse, David 30 River was clear, clean, beautiful 51 River wharves 297 Riverside Cemetery 392 Road Committee (1804) 175 Robbins, Thomas 186, 1202 Robertson, E. G. 651 Robinette, R. B. 791 Robinson, Ted 877 Rock River 109 Rockefeller, Dr. Wm. A. 597 Rockefeller, John D., came into picture, 464; tried to interest Otis in oil, 548; asked for price on Carnegie Steel and Frick Coke Companies, 564; 597; refineries combined, 609; determined to control oil, 612; began building seaboard trunk pipe line, 616; retired, 625; homes of, 626; gifts by 1932 totaled $750,000,000, 627; 597; his 93d birthday 642; 645 Rockefeller, Junior, took up business responsibilities 627 Rockefeller, Mrs. John D. 345 1256 - INDEX Rogers, Capt. Jedediah 295 Rogers, Geo. M. 1044 Rogers, H. H. 611, 613 Rogers, James H. 1111 Rogers, Major Robert 96 Roller skates appeared 702 Rollin was short-lived 711 Roman Catholic churches 1213 Roman Catholic schools 1002 "Romance of Steel" quoted 533 Romans appear to have used coal in Britain 512 Root was sick—Kitchell said: "Live, there is no gift for you to die" 1191 Rose, Lieutenant 102 Roskos, John, first Slovak here 889 Ross and Lemon 301 Rosseel, Frank R. 302 Roster of citizens, second winter 141 Roumanians 899 Rowley, Eli 134 Royal Dutch Shell group 639 Royal, Mrs. Ann, admired spirit of Pittsburgh workers 538 "Rubaiyat" set to music 1120 Rubber Paint Co. 789 Rubber products 807 Rusin people 899 Russell, Ralph 1187 Russell, Samuel, presiding elder 1197 Russell withdrew 1198 Russells alone made long roster 1188 Russian Jews and Italians, tailors 796 Russians 899 Ruthenians 899 Ryder, John F. 823 S Sackett, Alexander 350 Sailed from Chicago to Liverpool 506 Sailed from Lake Erie to California 506 Sailing craft too 537 Sailing replaced rowing 23 Sailing vessels, 243; on Lake Erie by 1841, 247; long towed, using canvas for auxiliary power 487 St. Augustine's Church 367 St. Bridget's parish 367 St. John's Church 361 St. John's Cemetery 392 St. Joseph's Cemetery 392 St. Lawrence Seaway 505 St. Mary's Falls Ship Canal Co. 442 St. Mary's Cemetery 393 St. Mary's on the Flats 366, 1206 St. Mary's Orphan Asylum for Girls 367 St. Patrick's established 367 St. Paul's organized 361 St. Vincents, or Charity, first adequate general hospital 398 St. Vincent's orphan asylum 367 Salary of mayor was $500, reduced to $100 346 Sale and distribution of stock more democratic 568 Salem Village 105 Salt, 797; difficult thing to get, 148; discovered by accident 798 Salt Spring near Warren 222 Salt Spring Tract 20 Salt Springs 110 Salvaging the by-products 527 Salvation Army 1213 Sand and gravel shipped on Erie 496 Sandbar again at river mouth 250 Sanderson & Co.'s Machine Shop 503 Sanford, Gen. A. S. 347 Sanford, Mrs. Henry L. 764 Sanitation unknown till middle of 19th century 356 Santa Fe Trail 7 Sargent, J. H. 327 Sarnoff, David, looking to television 673 Savage Co., J. B. 1049 Savings and Trust Co 845 Savings Stamps sales 769 Sawmill and boarding house went along 321 Sawmill and outbuildings of Mill Family 1194 Saw no iron, but much dipping of compass 457 Sawyer, Wm. E. 653 Sayle advised firms to carry on 769 Scene, The 49 Schiller 4 Schley, Grant B. 686 Schneider, Arthur 1052 Schneider sold $103,000 bonds in 55-minute session 771 Schoenbrunn 105 Schubert, O. V. 1052 Schuh, Rev. David 363 Schwab, Chas., 563; could see both sides 565 School books 193 School chronicle by years, 1800 to date 948 School, facts about early 275-6 School in Hibbing, example of grotesque "waste" 472 School of Art building dedicated 1059 School statistics 966 Schools 340 Schools Division (Funds) 1224 Scofield, Shurmer & Teagle 617 Scope and prospects of coal fields 520 Scotch early corners 901 Scott, Frank A. 760 Scott was liked by Clevelanders 211 Scoville of Franklin House burned coal in barroom stove 511 Scovill, Philo 348, 387, 400 Scovill, Samuel, in charge 776 Scowden, T. R., recommended 388 Scranton, Joel 180, 341 Scripps family controlled 1042 Scripps-Howard Co. 1042 "Scrubbed" gas used for cooking, etc. 521 Sculptors, 1064; and their work 1071 Seacole Lane in London 512 Sea-dogs of early days 54 Seamed with trails 222 Searl, Rev. Roger 186 Searle, Rev. Roger 1202 Sears-Roebuck 822 Seas of liquid fuel 8 Second call for war loan 762 Second courthouse 415 Second election in 1805 908 Second National Bank 376 Second Presbyterian Church 362 Second Summer, The 131 Second Winter for Cleaveland 141 Seeley, John (bill for supplies) 169 Selden, Geo. B. 694 Selden patent important factor 712 Seldom was capital required for bank 270 Selected ground for burials 134 Selzer's store 1077 Semi-public clubs 399 Semon, John 1052 Senecas, The 92 Serpollet, Louis 692 Services offered at Terminal 871 Settlers, Early 95 Settlers gradually realized vast soft coal deposits 511 Seven Merritt Brothers 456 Seven people here in 1800 380 Seven Railroad Systems 801 Seventh Day Adventist 1213 Seventy men were lost 99 Severance Hall 1133 Severance, John L. 170 Severance, Lewis Henry 170 Severance, Solomon L. 170, 364 Severance, T. C. 376, 842 Sewers there were none 356 Seymour, Alexander 285 Shackleton, Charles 1073 Shakespeare came in 1831 408 "Shakespeare Hall” 365 INDEX - 1257 Shakespeare Saloon 403 Shakespeare was given in 1831 1139 Shaker Lakes Canoe Club 1178 Shaker Settlement, The, 1181; experiment one of many, 1182; "Revelations," 1185; Christmas Song -1193 Shakers, The, 218; composed own songs, set many to music, 1189; never willingly sought law-courts, 1189; wore sort of uniform, 1190; of North Union a memory only 1200 Shale of Cuyahoga Co. pierced for gas 524 Sharp curves modified 225 Shattar, Joseph du 101 Shaw, Mrs. Sarah Mcllrath danced 1103 Sheldon, Reuben 376, 842 Sheldon, S. H. 349 Sheldon, Col. Thomas 158 Shepard, Theodore 131 Shepherd, Phineas 1202 Sheriff took a hand 264 Sherwin, Miss Belle 764 Sherwin, Henry A. 788 Sherwin, John 552 Sherwin-Williams Co. 789 Sherwins' endowment 1068 "Shinn bossed the show; McCandless lent it dignity and standing; Phipps took in the pennies at the gate and kept the payroll down; Tom Carnegie kept all in good humor; Andy looked after the advertising and drove the bandwagon" 560 Ship aroused great interest 315 Ship stoves, sewing machines 430 Ship Owners Dry Dock Co. 503 Shipbuilding important, 296; 499; center in U. S. 503 Shipbuilding, drugs 430 Shipment turned Cleveland's and Pittsburgh's eyes upon Mesabi 462 Shipments, Cleveland to Canada 175 Shipments started in 1884 from Gogebic Range 454 Shipping 480 Shipping responded 434 Ships growing in number and size 484 Ships, railroads, furnaces 567 Ships were built of native white oak 247 Sholes, Capt. Stanton 397 Shores of Lake Erie not yet rightly mapped 28 Sidewalks absent 356 Siemens, Werner 657 Siemens, William 547 Siemens' reduction process 548 Signers of Charter, Chamber of Commerce 836 Silliman, Prof., quoted 594; 659 Simpson, Alexander 174, 244 Singers Club 1118 Sink twenty feet while eating 73 Sisters (Shaker) still living in 1870 1199 Sitting on top of the world 462 Six boats started up the Mohawk 134 Six hundred immigrants came in two weeks 892 Six million books a year 1049 Six railroads agreed to enter station 869 Six townships to be subdivided for sale 32 Sixteen new iron makers in 1863 551 Sixty-nine newspapers, mostly foreign, religious or racial 1049 Skating 1169 Skeleton fell across guest's bed 190 Skeletons found in mounds 57 Skiing 1178 Slackers 761 Slavery 421 Slovaks, The 887 Slovene colony largest in U. S. 901 Slums inexcusable 898 Small, Philip 1092 Small theaters built in the '30s 408 Smith, Albert W. 792 Smith, Allard, quoted 732 Smith, Erastus 355 Smith, James, left description 101 Smith most interesting figure 1108 Smith was soul of kindness and generosity 1110 Smith, William A. 400, 595 Smyth & Clary 301 Snow Co. 785 Social Service Clearing House 1232 Social Settlements 1213 Socialists denied Armory for anti-war meet 751 Society for Blind 1230 Society for Savings 843, 851 Society of Automobile Engineers 713 Sokoloff, Nikolai 1127 Sold several hundred miles of barbed wire 554 Soldiers' and Sailors' Monument 426 Soliciting divisions 1224 Soloists brought here by Mrs. Hughes 1124 Some persons can't see Johnson as he was 933 Some refused to pay 712 Some schools teach harmony 1136 Soo Canal due to young salesman 442 Soo Canal had tapped Superior region 542 Soon the first coaches came 331 So we come into the Age of Superpower 681 Spafford, Amos 70, 112, 158, 170, 400, 906 Spain still an obstacle 17 Spalding, Rufus P. 179 Spangler, Michael 180 Spangler, Sheriff M. M. 378 Spangler's Tavern 227 Spaniards, The 9 Spanish allowed no American boats to pass 17 Spanish are few 901 Spanish Method, The 161 Spanish War Veterans wanted bureau of registry for older men 754 Speaker, Tris, bought $1,000 bond 762 Special schools 965 Specie Circular, The 270 Specific bequests inflexible 852 Spencer Engineering Co. (war work) 777 Spinning, weaving, etc. (to keep busy) 157 Spiritualist churches 1213 "Sponsored program" came 672 Sprague, Frank J. 680 Spray machines replace brushes 790 Spreading out 335 Sprengel, Herman 653 Spring Cottage and Bathing Establishment 284 Spring Cottage 367 Squaws were pests about kitchens 162 Stage coach came with better roads 226 Stage coaches kept busy 380 Stage mechanism and music largely electrical 673 Stages between important cities 11 Stamford in charge of recruiting 754 Standard Drug Co 827 Standard Oil Co., aim, 610; sought cooperation, 612; absorbed twenty competitors, 611; system was threatened, 616; had violated laws of Ohio, 621; of Indiana, sold at thirty times par, 624; office opened at 44, changed to 26 Broadway, 619 792 Standard Tool Co. 786 Standing Stone, The 102 Stanhope produced 703 Stanley, John 863 Star Theater 1141 Starr, J. W. 653 Starling, Dr. 359 Started great expansion program 709 Starters of Y. M. C. A. here 364 State and nation in gloom 321 State bank evils took longer 270 State Bank of Ohio 376 State Board of Control 181 State Fire and Marine Insurance Co. 378 1258 - INDEX State guaranteed nothing 31 State tried to be good nurse 918 States repudiated obligations 270 Statesmen and statesmen 946 Statistics (shipping) 490 Statistics—Education 966 Statue kicked about 370 Steam 287 Steam car extinct—may return 705 Steam car put on road at Springfield, Mass., in 1825 692 Steam coming to home of steel 480 Steam engines, boilers, stills, railway cars 429 Steam on Wheels 318 Steam railroads use electric traction at terminals 679 Steam was the thing 703 Steamer runs into a gale 293 Steamers carried canvas for safety 303 Steamers suffered from gales and fires 309 Stearine candles, cigars, gas 429 Stearns, Frank, built his first car 691, 730 Steel 431 Steel 1050 Steel contracts (war) 778 Steel masts 200 feet high 647 Steel plants became laboratories 569 Steel to be more liberal than oil 567 Steel was a precious metal 535 Stearn Co., The 822 Steffens, Lincoln 772 Stephenson, George 319 Stephenson's Rocket 313 Sterling, Dr. E. 74 Stevens & Presley 297, 499 Stevens, Henry S. 418 Stevenson mine found by E. J. Longyear 463 Stewart Furnace Co. 575 Stewart, Gabrielle 1114 Stewart, N. Coe 1114 Stiegel, Baron, made artistic iron work 534 Stiles, Cuni 37 Stiles, Job 119 Stiles, Job Phelps 37 Stiles, Tabitha Cumi 119 "Stigwanish" 120 Stock in Edison Co. jumped to $3,500 654 Stock rose from $24 to $500 711 Stockly, Geo. W. 646 Stockly, John G. 301 Stoddard, Richard M. 31 Stoll, Rolf 1073 Stone, Adelbert 204 Stone also a lake freight item 492 Stone, Amasa 327 Stone came in; firm became Stone, Chisholm & Jones 541 Stone, Geo. C. 448 Stone handled like coal and ore 495 Stone interested Tower 452 Stone kept construction going 453 Stone made most of opportunity 452 Stone, N. 0., shoes 822 Stone, Miss Ruth 764 Stone was given $400,000 of price 453 Stopped to view Niagara Falls 40 Storage batteries too bulky, expensive 656 Store rental $1,500 a year 823 Store and warehouse owners 817 Stores and retail business 830 Stores and shops on Square 820 Stores, business done, pay rolls, etc. 830 Storms of controversy over Square 874 Story of early schooner's trip 480 Story of Coal in America never told 515 Story of Kitchell and Root 1190 Story of the Mesabi Range 455 Stoves, agricultural implements 429 Stow, Joshua 170 Stranded on Goat Island 295 Stranded persons 1232 Strange buggy, all cogs and springs 688 Streams 109 Street car ran thru open draw in Central Viaduct 746 Street Car war 678 Street railways 417 Strickland, Benjamin 170 Strike came; competitors lost courage 563 String quartet, Philharmonic 1118 "Strong Interests" were blocking Merritt's efforts 461 Strong, Major Chas. H. 822 Strong, John S. 293 Students at Western Reserve University, training 753 Students "worked their way" 198 Studebaker Corporation organized 708 Studebaker wagons used everywhere 708 Studebakers built bodies for electrics 708 Studebakers, Henry and Clement 707 Stuntz, George R., 446; went east, met Jay Cooke, 451; "shot first blast in history of iron mining in Minnesota," 451; faded from picture 454 Sturdy, Joseph F. 1074 Sturges, Kenneth 1223 Subscriptions to Connecticut Land Co. purchase fund 27 Subsidiaries, Am. Shipbuilding Co. 504 Suffered little, economically, from war 428 "Sufferers' lands" 20 Sugar was still "scarce" 774 Sullivan, Col. J. J. 847 Summary (Bond drive) 759 Sun came out a bit toward evening 124 Sun Fire Insurance Co. 378 Sun Fish Pond 102 Sunday School organized 275 Super-Power 680 Supt. U. S. Census said 464 Superior Street Church 364 Supplies had to be sledded in 453 Suray biography quoted 195 Sure "Giant Mountain" was iron range 447 Survey made of Ontanagon group 448 Surveyors' helpers mutinied 113 Swamps 109 Swan, Sir Joseph 653 Swasey, Ambrose 784 "Sweating" system (clothing) 796 Swedes, Danes, Norwegians 901 Sweet, Capt. Ben 482 Swiss, The 901 Symbolism and reality 800 Symington, William 294 Symington and Trevithick built steam highway vehicles 692 Syrians 902 T Table of industries, 1927 802 Taft said: People tire of looking at same face 934 Tainted money 623 Taintor, J. F. 376 Talbot, Henry 1104 Talk of rebates continued 613 Tallmadge Academy 196 Taplin brothers battled Vans 870 Tarbell, Ida, 596; quoted (oil), 599; on Rockefeller, 619; in McClure's Magazine 623 Tariff on iron had little effect 537 "Task System" (clothing) 795 Tavern keepers, early 180 Taverns, Inns 399 Taxes and trouble accumulated 160 Taxpayers' money stolen 1152 Tax situation a factor 1096 Tayler, Federal Judge R. W. 1047 Tayler plan brought peace 678, 1047 Taylor & Boggis Foundry Co. 786 Taylor built the Prudence 244 Taylor, Livingston 822 Taylor, Son & Co., William 822 Taylor, Sophia Strong 822 Teacher collected pay in ox cart 193 Technical schools 997 Technocracy 818 "Technocrats" 734 INDEX - 1259 Telegraph 658 Telegraph Supply Co. 646 Telephone, 661; like electric light, first shown to public at Philadelphia Centennial, 1876, 664; came in the '90s 823 Telephone Co. raised rates 768 Temporary wooden building of 1851 342 Ten banks in Ohio "broken;" 23 "closed;" 31 "worthless” 841 Ten below zero 768 Ten fold increase in Shaker Heights population 863 Ten million women to do men's work 751 Tennis 1170 Tent ropes for tugs 102 Terminal Tower visible for forty miles, 115; 861; project took on wider dimensions 865 Term "West" came into use 12 Terrible winter for the Kingsburys 123 Terrific fall in production 734 Tesla, Nikola, perfected system 658 Textiles and their products 808 Thalberg, pianist, drew well 413 "That's iron!" he said 457 Thayer, Gordon Woods 1016 "The Ark" 846 Theater Comique 411 Theater fires 1142 Theaters 399 "These will be my life work" 1091 The very soil was iron, and seemed fathomless 458 Thew Shovel Co. 785 "They're not practical" 696 Thimble Theater 1147 Third Liberty Bond campaign 771 Third Presbyterian Church 362 Thirteen-year-old nephew, The 123 Thirty flimsy, smelly shacks 599 Thomas, Theodore 1115 Thompson hangar added 738 Thomson-Houston machines 682 Thorman Simson 1209 Thorp built the schooner Sally 244 Thousandfold uses for wire 557 Threatened American Steel and Wire Co. 564 Three cent fare into discard, 768; dazzled spectators 932 Three great banking consolidations 855 Three hundred twenty auto companies 701 Thwaites, Reuben Gold 83 Tiffany, Joel 360 Till 68 Tilting hammer was chief shaping tool 541 Timber 108 Timber wolves 52 Tisdale, Captain 98 Toasts drunk to President of U. S., New Connecticut, Conn. Land Co., Port of Independence 46 Tobacco manufacturers 808 Tod and Rhodes opened Briar Hill mine 516 Tolls on Ohio canals rose from $800 to $227,000 in 10 years 241 Toluene and xylene 529 Tomlinson, Geo. Ashley 489 Took a Cadillac to New York for first American auto show 696 Took no part in politics 1189 Too much oil produced 612 Too simple for experienced folk 863 Total production of crude oil, U. S., including 1929 640 Tower, Charlemagne 448 Tower played game like true sportsman, 452; was hounded for money—sold last negotiable securities, 453; soon had $3,000,000 in "a hole in the ground," 453; sold to Rockefeller and others for $8,000,000, 453; fortune and prestige doubled 453 Town pumps 386 Town Tidings 1049 Townsend, Helen DeKay 1050 Towns days apart 11 Townsend lists forest trees, 145, describes clearing land 146 Township of Cleaveland 114 Tractor slowest in development, 717; history yet to be made 718 Traded Chevrolet stock for General Motors 710 Trade Journals 1050 Traders swapped liquor for furs 536 Traders to the rescue 104 Traffic Association formed, 1833 316 Traffic in the Soo surpassing that of Suez 488 Traffic on canals 257 et seq. Traffic outlet for lakes from Lake Michigan to Mississippi, to Gulf 509 Tragedy, but funny 319 Tragic winter did not discourage 129 Transition of Cleveland street car system 678 Transmontane flood of pioneers poured thru Pittsburgh 537 Transportation 282; 676 Transportation companies 316 Transportation equipment, air, land, water 810 Travelers Aid Society 1232 Treachery of a Frenchy 100 Treadwell, John 26 Trees with good food on them, 50; of forest listed 145 Trenches were dug 264 Trevithick, Richard 5; 318 "Trick" was in Kingsbury Run 863 Tried to corral Jones & Laughlin plant 566 Trimble, Governor, paid tribute 239 Trinity and its officers (1816), 186; 284; 363; organized 1202 Try-Out Players 1147 Trolley system largely abandoned 679 Troop trains met by women 765 Tropical Paint and Oil Co 791 Trouble grew worse—Merritt properties were eating themselves up 467 Troublesome marauders 145 Trucks come into the picture, 706; production, 707; became sparodic 707 Trunk pipe lines came slowly 615 "Trust-busters" 624 Trust companies came in 1883 845 Trustees all were faithful 1190 Trustees of Museum of Art 1061 Tucker, Charles H. 792 Tucker, Rev. Levi 284 Turhooven brothers, The 295 Tu-shu-way 94 Tullis, Rev. Don D. 1214 Twain, Mark 65 "'Twas a matter of conscience" 456 Twelve thousand dollars as useful as chaff 481 Twenty boats were gone 99 Twenty buildings burned 745 Twenty-five thousand families depend upon relief agencies 1226 Two bronze drinking fountains 1068 Two Cabins erected 52 Two efficient types of dynamos 655 Two Famous Waterways 228 Two Indians were interested 437 Two lots donated to Bishop Purcell 1206 Two schools for the sexes respectively 275 Two telephone companies 919 U Ukranian people 900 Ultra-modern art of coal distillation 524 Ultra-violet light 675 Ultra-violet rays 675 "Uncle Abram Works Here" 174 "Underground railroad" so-called 422 Unfairness, illegality evident 618 Union 380 1260 - INDEX Union Depot 421 Union Salt Co. 797 Union Station problem 865 Union Terminal, Cleveland, notable 679 Union Trust Bank 851 Union Trust Co. 857 Union was voted in 1854 383 U. S. adopted 2-ton White for army 719 U. S. geographer's description 111 U. S. leads world in coal production 522 U. S. requisitioned all shipyards 505 U. S. Steel Corporation 541 U. S. Steel Corporation formed 557 U. S. Treasury itself had troubles 467 United Banking and Trust Co. 856 United Brethren in Christ 1213 United Presbyterian Church 362 United Presbyterian Churches 1213 United States Rubber Co. 792 Unitarian Churches 1213 Unitarians 364 Universal 684 "Universal roar" (as usual) 443 Universal servant, The 673 Universalist Church 1213 University of Chicago 627 Unknown Clevelanders 54 Unloading was difficult for mechanization 476 Updyke, George 794 Upper Michigan Peninsula 445 Used to heat houses of Parliament 512 Usefulness of Canals 499 Uses of salt are many 798 V Vago, Sandor 1073 Vail, Alfred 660 Valuation of light and power industry 684 Value of all manufactures 732 Value of freight on Lakes 499 Value of iron ore trade (1865) 428 Value of pig iron and scrap (1865) 428 Value of wrought iron products 428 Values in Shaker Heights 863 Van Buren forced to call special session 270 Van Buren, Martin 351 Van Cleve, James 314 Van Doon Iron Works (war time) 776, 786 Van Duzer, Mrs. A. M. 345 Van Fleet quoted 582 Van Sweringen, Herbert C. 862 Van Sweringen, James T. 863 Van Sweringen, Mantis J. 862 Van Sweringen, Orris P. 862 Van Sweringen project 861 Van Sweringen sisters 863 Van Sweringens conspicuously absent 875 Van Syckel built first successful line 607 Vans had been jockeyed into their position 864 Varian, Alexander 361 Various streams surveyed 387 Vassar Alumnae Association 892 Vast, complex project took shape 566 Veazey, Dr. W. R. 791, 794 Vermillion field developed 448 Vermillion Range, by 1907, produced $85,000,000 of ore 454 Verrill, A. H., quoted 58 Vessel owners gave scrip 316 Vessel sailed down Mississippi and across to Italy 538 Vice, but not contributive to government 932 Vienna made overtures 779 Vigorous temperance movement begun 345 Village became a city in 1836 272 Vincent & Barstow Co. 823 Violent public controversy 342 Virginia Plantation remote and risky 24 Visiting nurses see patients in thousands of homes 1230 Vitriol 523 Volta, Alessandro 5, 650 Volume of coal shipped (1865) 428 Volunteers of America 1213 Volunteers to put over $16,000,000 Savings Stamps sale 773 Von Guericke, Otto 649 Von Roentgen, Wilhelm Konrad 674 Voter does not understand boss at all 946 W Wade, Edward 860 Wade, J. H., 377; 1054; gave grounds for site 1061 Wadsworth, James 26 Wadsworth, Lewis J. 1104 Wait, Marvin 26 Waiting Continent, The 6 Walcutt, William 369 Waldo, Eunice 123 Walk-in-the-Water 247; 287 Wallace, George 298; 817 Walter White won fame as racer 704 Walworth, A. W. 298 Walworth, Judge John 170 Wanted poor folk to be able to take up land on easier terms 459 War Board—names of those serving, 751; sounded call for planting 764 War Committees, various 754 War contribution to Chandler Co. 719 War Department publication quoted 517 War funds campaigns 1223 War gardens to yield $350,000 produce 774 War—how Cleveland waged it 744 War made motors billion-dollar industry 719 War not yet over 928 War tax measures 766 War veterans and dependents 1233 War with Spain 747 Ward dropped shipping, went into iron 546 Warehouses of 1835 248 Warner & Swasey Co. (war work) 776; 783 Warner, Mary, Art fund 1076 Warner, Worcester R. 784 Warren, Moses, Jr. 31 Warren offered $10,000 to build road thru woods to Vermillion Lake 451 Warrensville Farm Colony 1219 Was not hypocrite, so was suspended 1103 Washburn died 137 Washington, Capt. Augustine operated a furnace, 534; kept iron men around him 534 Washington, George, 3; 6; 8; 9; 13; 129; bought oil-bearing lands 603 Washington House 285; 403 Washington Insurance Co. 378 Waste products of oil spilt into Kingsbury Run 745 Watched burial from sick-bed 125 Water hard to obtain, 157; craft, early 174; trail easier, 221; carriers, 386; transportation breath of life, 440; commissioners 914 Water Street Theater 1140 Water-borne traffic on Great Lakes 499 Waterpower 8 Waterworks cost $526,000 388; 914 Watkins, Mildred 1060 Watson, David K. 621 Watson, Dr. William 649 Watson, Jonathan 595 Watson's Hall 1140 Watt, Isaac 523 Watt, James 294; 318 Watterson, Mrs. Moses G. 345 Weatherby, J. L. 301; 379 Weaver, Mrs. Martha Tibbals 1060 Weaving wire, wire cloth, etc. 556 Weber, Dr. Gustavus C. E. 1105 Webster, Daniel 4 Weddell House, The, 180; in 1847 404 Weddell, Peter 180, 349, 376; 817 Weed Thurlow, 304; wrote home about Weddell House 404 Wehrschmidt, Daniel 1052 INDEX - 1261 Wehrschmidt, Emil 1052 Weinberger's drug stores 827 Weitzel lock completed in 1881 484 Welfare Federation of Cleveland 1223 Welfare work (world war) 778 Well, Dr. William 649 Wellman Engineering Co. 785 Wellman, Samuel T., 548; led way again 551 Wellman-Seaver-Morgan Co. 477 Wells spouted, wagons toiled 606 Went back to Flint, bought the Republic 710 Went in operative's car 756 Went to raise more money 457 Wesley, John 675 West of Alleghanies was to be British domain 15 West Side Railway Co. 421 West Steel Casting Co. 787 Western Reserve College 358; 967 Western Reserve Historical Society 106; 1017 Western Reserve, The 19 came about 1840 902 Western Reserve Trust Co. 847 Western Seaman's Friend Society 286 Western Union refused to buy Bell phone 665 Westinghouse Electric and Mfg. Co. 787 Westinghouse, George 658 Whaleback was picturesque 488 What became of all the French? 890 What "railway" meant 318 What the world was doing 3 "What we want is a vein of ore" 457 Wheat and flour shipped 307 Wheat and lumber cargoes 489 Wheat and other cargoes 258 et seq. Wheat as a lake freight item 492 Wheat set down in N. Y. for 3c per bushel 490 Wheatstone, Sir Charles 652 Wheeler, John 360 Wheeling Steel Corporation 574 When the magic earth liquor gives out, what then 641 When women were galley slaves 157 Where coal is burned 522 "Where is my schooner?" 481 Whisky long dominant note 536 Whistle calls everyone to plant vacant lots 754 White, Andrew 355 White cars won Grand Prize at St. Louis, 704; regular Army staff cars 719 White Co. made musical instruments 779 White lead, lard oil, flour 429 White Motor Co. 729; 730 White netted $36,000 on pig deal, 445; bought up all pig lying about 445 White, Peter 439 White, Rollin H. 691 White Sewing Machine Co. 691; 697; 702; 785 White sold Prince of Wales 704 White supplemented Harvey's work 444 White, Thomas, 702; died in 1914, 731; 784 1054 Whites thought of carrying goods, 703; abandoned steam, 705; pioneering in trucks contagious 706; 731 Whiting, Rev. Joseph 284 Whitney's Electric Vehicle Co. bought patent 712 Whittlesey quoted, 27, 28, 30, 38, 61, 69, 91, 95, 103, 114; his "Early History of Cleveland," 152; on Canals, 229; 281; 286; 297; 373 454 Who are we 881 Who were first Clevelanders? 52 Who? What? They say! 30 Why did pioneers settle where they did? 25 Whys of Pioneers' remaining 150 Wick, Otis & Brownell 377 Wick, William 184 Widest plate mill in the world 552 Wilcox, Frank N. 1063 Wild Cat period 841 Wild hops 108 Wild improvement schemes went to the wall 339 Wild life was prolific, unafraid 51 Wilkins Expedition, The 97 Willard, Archibald M. 1052 Willard, L. 448 Willey elected Mayor in 1836 911 William Rockefeller & Co. 603 Williams, Charles D. 360 Williams, Dr. 99 Williams, E. P. 788 Williams, Frederick 1114 Williams, George 293 Williams, Lewis Blair 1022 Williams, Wheeler W. 165 Williams' Sawmill 129 Williamson, Sam'l. Sr. 298 Williamsons built tannery 169 Willoughby could not support such an institution, 359; was the mother 359 Wills, John 74 Willys, John North 695 Willys-Overland popular 716 Wilson brought cheer with fourteen points announcement 768 Wilson, President Woodrow spoke here, 748; said to throng in Grays' Armory 748 "Windjammers" carried ore on deck" 483 Wind power after 5,000 years, left for pleasure boats 487 Wines and liquors, Groceries 429 Winkler, John K. 625 Winners at exhibitions 1064 Winslow, R. 301; 349 Winter of 1796, The 119 Winter Shakers 1197 Winton, Alexander 686; Motor Co., 686; took car to New York to show, 687; built racing autos and raced them, 687; was a bicycle man, 688; was not satisfied, 688; came chugging along, 695; died in 1931 730 Winton Co. (war work) 777 Winton fought infringement suit 712 Winton Horseless Carriage Co. 686 Winton, Olds and others ignored Selden 712 Winton plant went to Marine Engines 730 "Wire King of America" 554 Wire manufacture 553 Wire nail invented in France 555 Wisconsin Central Ry. spurred development 454 Wise-cracking by Carnegie 463 "Wise" ones said Harvey was crazy 443 "With every Capitalist a Workingman" 569 Witt, Peter, opposed 866 Witt, Stillman 327 Woman walked from New England carrying her china 145 Woman's Art club 1071 Women Music Teachers' Club 1116 Women taught squaws to make bread, 162; did washings at spring, 386; taught public speaking, 765; found out "where," 772; should get same wage as men, 774; volunteers 1221 Women teachers paid $5 per week 341 Women's activities in World War 764 Women's Centennial Commission 1018 Women's City Club 892 Wood, Capt. D. L 347 Wood carbon used at first 651 Wood is carbonized in retorts connected with furnaces, distilling apparatus produces alcohol, etc. 539 Wood, Reuben, read "Declaration" 239 Wooden propeller appeared 310 1262 - INDEX Wooden ware, barrels, shingles 429 Woodland Cemetery 391 Woods, G. C. 349 Woolen factory in 1854 1197 Woolf, Arthur 294 Worcester, Dr. Noah 359 Words struck popular chord, yet drive lagged 771 Work being done by some concerns (war) 776 Work is what you are told to do 184 Work of Church Federation 1214-1218 "Work or fight" order 773 Worked in deep snow, bitter wind 438 Worked to train and develop talent 1059 Workshops splendidly equipped 202 World craved more light 606 World of steel in depths of despair 569 World wanted better light, better transportation 628 World War kept shipyards busy, 504; brought great expansion, 570; events and dates, 749; brought most negroes here 897 "World's Work" shows functioning of modern iron industry 581 Worn out, had to return to Erie for food 125 Worth fighting for 16 Worthington's hardware store 350 Worthless paper rolled back East 270 Would find a way to mine it 458 Wright, C. F. quoted 56, 67 Wyandots 81 Wyatt, Major 165 X X-ray discovered by accident 674 Y Yachting 1170 "Yankees of Europe" 888 Yellow "peace" yawpers 762 Y. M. and Y. W. C. A. functions 1231 Y. M. C. A. organizers, 364; asked for $1,000,000, 766 1220 Young artists of 70s 1052 Young, Charles A. 204 Young, James H. 595 Young Ladies' Seminary 286 Young Men's Literary Ass'n. 285 Young, Owen D. 670 Younglove, Moses G. 524 Youngstown lay in black ring of coal shafts 516 Youngstown Sheet and Tube Co, 573 Yugoslays 901 Y. W. C. A. 1220 Z Zeisberger, David 103; 1201 Zero point fixed 54 Zion Church 363 Zoo The, 1167