(RETURN TO THE TITLE PAGE) BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCHES - 375 to Cleveland. His father soon afterward purchased a farm in Newburg, where he resided until his death. Until twenty-five years of age Mr. Quayle worked as a journeyman at his trade of ship-carpenter, to which he had been apprenticed before leaving the Isle of Man. In 1847 he formed a co-partnership with John Codey, and at once started in the shipbuilding business. This firm lasted three years, during which time it built the brigs " Caroline ". and " Shakespeare " for Charles Richmond, of Chicago. In 1849 Mr. Codey withdrew from the business and went to California. Soon afterward Mr. Quayle went into company with Luther Moses, and for two years the firm carried on an extensive business, having from six to seven vessels on the stocks at once, and turning out two sets a year. The year after Mr. Moses left the firm, a partnership was formed with John Martin, and the business was enlarged and extended. In one year this firm built thirteen vessels, among others, the barque "W. T. Graves," which carried the largest cargo of any fresh-water vessel afloat. The propeller "Dean Richmond" is another important production of Quayle & Martin's yard. Besides these, four first-class vessels, built for Mr. Frank Perew, deserve mention as giving character to Cleveland ship-building. They were named the " Mary E. Perew," " D. P. Dobbin," " Chandler J. Wells" and "J. G. Masten." Messrs. Quayle & Martin also built the tug "J. H. Martin," intended for their use in the port of Erie. In 1874 the partnership with Mr. Martin was dissolved and a new one was formed with George L. and Thomas E. Quayle, under the name of Thomas Quayle & Sons, which is still in existence. The first vessels built by this firm were the "E. B. Hale" and the "Sparta." The following year it built the " Commodore," the largest vessel on the lakes. During the summer of 1878, Quayle & Sons built two propellers for the Anchor Line, and one for the Western Transportation Company, of Buffalo; the latter being called the "Buffalo." They have just launched (August, 1879,) the "Chicago," a magnificent. boat of one thousand seven hundred and seventy-five tons burden, which they have built for the latter named company. The vessels built by the firms of which Mr. Quayle has been the head are known all over the great lakes, and far exceed in number those of any other firm in the West. Mr. Quayle stands high among the citizens. of Cleveland for integrity of character, and as a man who always fulfills his obligations to employer and employed. He is a member of the Second Presbyterian church and active in all the duties pertaining to that relation. For a number of years he has been associated with the Masonic order, being a member of Bigelow lodge, on the West Side, and of Webb chapter, on the East Side. He is also a member of the Monas Relief Society, composed of people from the Isle of Man. Mr. Quayle was married in 1835 to Eleanor Cannon, of the Isle of Man, by whom he had eleven children, of whom six are living. She died in September, 1860. In February, 1867, he was married to Mary Proudfoot, daughter of John Proudfoot, Esq., of Cleveland. His children have been Thomas E., born July 26, 1836; William H., born April 27, 1838; John James, born October 17, 1839, who died February 13, 1843; Eleanor M., born March 7, 1841, who died February 16, 1843; George L., born June 15, 1842; Charles E., born January 23, 1845, who died September 16, 1871; Matilda, born July 20, 1846; Caroline J., born March 31, 1848; John F., born August 31, 1850, who died February 4, 1853; Mary H., born November 19, 1853; and Frederick M., born May 11, 1858, who died September 14, 1859. DANIEL P. RHODES. The subject of this memoir was born in Sudbury, Rutland county, Vermont, in the year 1814. When but five years of age he lost his father, and from that time onward was compelled to help earn his own livelihood. Thus, almost at the threshold of life, he had to struggle with adverse circumstances, and was compelled to overcome by his own energy the discouragements and difficulties everywhere met with. When he was fifteen years of age his mother remarried, and he then found a home with his stepfather for six years. At the age of twenty-one young Rhodes determined to leave Vermont, and make for himself a home and fortune in the distant West. His stepfather was strongly attached to him, and, being a man of means, offered him a farm if he would remain in Vermont. But the young man was firm in his determination, and declining the tempting offer departed for the West. On his subsequently returning to the home of his youth, his stepfather offered him half of his property if he would remain and occupy it. The inducement was very strong, but the young man had made an engagement of marriage with a lady in the West, and before giving a final answer to the proposition, he decided to revisit his pioneer home and consult her to whom he had plighted his faith. He came back West by canal, and on the long, slow journey had ample time to consider the subject of his future home. The beauty and grandeur of the western scenery, the freedom from all the conventionalities which prevail in more densely settled sections, the stern, rugged virtues of the men whom he found in the wilderness, together with the independent career opened to him strongly impressed his manly, democratic mind, and he resolved to cast his lot in the West. Saying nothing of the matter to his affianced, he wrote to his parents, making known his resolution to decline their kind offer, and future circumstances proved the wisdom of his decision. For thirty years Mr. Rhodes was a resident of Cleveland, and the same restless and indomitable energy which prompted him to prefer the untrodden paths of the wilderness to the pleasures of an eastern 376 - THE CITY OF CLEVELAND home, accompanied him throughout that time and impressed his name upon many of the most important enterprises of the Forest City. He was one of the pioneers in the coal trade of Cleveland, which has since grown to such magnificent proportions. His first enterprise in that line was at what are known as the old Brier Hill mines, in 1845, in company with Gov. Tod and Mr. Ford. Their production of coal was about fifty tons per Week; and this was then deemed a large business. The difficulties in the way of the introduction of evey this, the very best of coal, were very great. Wood was the universal fuel for domestic use. The only chance to sell coal was to the lake steamers, and even there the old prejudice against any departure from the beaten track had to be overcome. Mr. Rhodes, who had charge of the Cleveland end of the business, was, however, well fitted to make a fight against obstacles, and by his steady perseverance he succeeded in introducing coal largely for use on the lake boats. He was an untiring worker, ever on the watch for his customers from early morn to the close of day, devoting his evenings to posting up his books and attending to his other office. work. The coal business of the firm grew rapidly, and the members turned their attention to other sections of the State, opening mines in both Tuscarawas and Wayne counties. In Tuscarawas county Mr.. Rhodes, in company with Gov. Tod, began the development of the black band iron ore, the uses of which had not previously been appreciated, although its exigence had been known. In 1855 the firm of Tod & Rhodes was dissolved, and in 1857 Mr. Rhodes formed a copartnership with Mr. I. F. Card. They went to work with great earnestness developing the black band ore and other mineral resources of Tuscarawas county. At first they mined large quantities for sale to the Massillen furnaces, but subsequently they made up their minds that the proper place to smelt the ore was where it was mined, and in 1864 they purchased the old blast furnace at Canal Dover, in Tuscarawas county, where they have since carried on large manufactures of pig metal. In 1860 Mr. Rhodes' attention was attracted to the mineral resources of Stark county, and in that year he opened the famous Willow Bank mine, which has proved to he one of the most extensive and profitable ooal mines ever opened in Ohio. This was only the beginning of his enterprises in this oounty and valley, for he was the principal prompter of other efforts of a similar character. Under his auspices were opened the Rhodes, the Willow Bank number Three, the Buckeye, and the Warmington mines. He was likewise largely interested in the Fulton Coal company and the Silver Creek Company, and a zealous promoter of their interests. So that from his original production of fifty tons of coal weekly, he increased the amount until, at the time of his death, he had the controlling interest or was a large -owner- in mines which were capable of producing two thousand tons daily. His peddling steamboat business, too, of 1845 —50, had increased under the direction of the firm of which he was the founder, to a trade of two hundred and fifty thousand tons of coal yearly. In 1867 the firm of Rhodes & Card was dissolved, Mr. Rhodes and Mr. Card retiring, and that of Rhodes & Co. was formed, consisting of George H. Warmington, Marcus A. Hanna, (Mr. Rhodes' son-in-law,) and his son, Robert R. Rhodes. In the work of developing the great railway system of northern Ohio Mr. Rhodes had an honorable share. He took an active part in the construction of the northern division of the Cleveland and Toledo railroad, and was a member of the executive committe of the company. He also bore a large part in causing the construction of the Massillon and Cleveland and the Lake Shore and Tuscrawas Valley railways. Mr. Rhodes' residence was on the west side of the Cuyahoga, and he did more than any other man to build up that portion of Cleveland. One great cause of contention between the two sections arose from the persistent efforts of the people on the west side to obtain improved means of communication with the more important region east of the river. In all these contests, from the time when a float bridge was the only Means of passage, to the inception and partial completion of the splendid viaduct (for he died before it was finished), Mr. Rhodes was one of the foremost in urging the claims of his section Of the city. He in .company with Mr. H. S. Stevens, constructed the West Side Street railroad; he was a zealous promoter of the building of the West Side Gas Works, and was the founder of the People's Savings and Loan Association, of which he was the president at. the time of his death. He was also one of of the builders and a large stockholder in the Rocky River railroad, which connected the. West Side with the favorite resort at Rocky river. He had likewise various other interests, such as in Illinois coal land, Chicago real estate, and he was large real estate owner in his own city. In politics he was a strict constructionist Democrat of the Jeffersonian and Jacksonian school, but though very active in his party he never asked nor cared for any office in its gift. He was a cousin of Stephen A. Douglas, and from the first entrance of the latter into public life until his death Mr. Rhodes was his earnest and steady supporter; being a delegate to both the Charleston and Baltimore Democratic national conventions of 1860, at the latter of which Mr. Douglas was nominated for the presidency. Mr. Rhodes died on the 5th day of August, 1875, and we close our article with two articles published hy leading journals soon after that event. The first says: "Among those men, whose efforts form the corner stone of Cleveland's prosperity, Mr. Rhodes was in the front rank; and" forthis reason his memory will always be honored by our people. But other traits will make his memory perennial. The kindness and BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCHES - 377 sympathy of his manner endeared the deceased to all who came in contact with him. This manner was for the poor and lowly, as well as for the wealthy and exclusive. Wealth in his hands was not alone for personal gratification, but was freely drawn upon to help the needy and unfortunate." The second article reads as follows: "Mr. Rhodes had the happy faculty of securing the genuine esteem and warm friendship of all with whom he came in contact, whatever their position in life, or however widely apart his views and theirs might be. He was a man of the people, a practical disbeliever in class distinctions and yet having a healthy contempt for demagogues of all descriptions. His bluff, hearty manner was not assumed, but was a genuine characteristic of the man. The wealth that came as the result of hard work and good business judgment made ,not the slightest difference in him. His was one of those sterling characters that prosperity could not spoil. Warm-hearted, true-hearted, and thoroughly unselfish, his wealth benefitted others as well as himself, and the prosperity which brought ease and comfort to him was begrudged him by none." ANSEL ROBERTS. Ansel Roberts, the eldest son of Chauncey and Lydia (Albro) Roberts, was born in the town of Mendon, Ontario county, New York, on the 17th of October, 1807. His father was of Welsh descent, but was a native of Vermont, having emigrated to western New York when a young man, where he engaged in farming. When about nineteen years of age he married Lydia Albro, a native of Newport, Rhode Island, by whom he had ten children. In 1818 he removed, with his family, to Ohio, traveling overland to Buffalo, and from there by boat to Ashtabula, where he first settled. Soon afterward he engaged in the manufacture of boots, shoes and harness, employing a number of hands, in which business he continued until 1825, when he sold out. The following year he removed to Lower Sandusky, and purchased an interest in the stage-line running between Sandusky and Cincinnati, of which he became the superintendent. He remained in this employment until his death, which occurred in 1838. His wife survived him several years, dying in 1844. He was a prominent person in the community where he resided; a man of great liberality and generous impulses, slow to anger, but implacable when once aroused. The subject of this notice had but few educational advantages, his father being in moderate circumstances and obliged to make his way in a new country. Young Ansel remained at home until 1826, when he went to Monroe county, New York, where he remained until the fall of that year. He then returned to Ohio, and found employment at first in a warehouse, and afterward as clerk in the stores of H. J. Reese and William W. Reed. In the spring of 1831 he left Mr. Reed's employ- went and removed to Rochester, New York, where he engaged in the dry goods business on his own account. This business he carried on for fourteen years, meeting with varying success. At the end of that time, the business not proving satisfactory, he disposed of it and went to New York city, where he remained one year. Subsequently he spent some time as clerk in a large wool-dealer's establishment in Rochester. In 1846 Mr. Roberts returned to Ohio, coming directly to Cleveland, where he engaged in the fleece and full-wool business, which he carried on successfully until his retirement in 1867. During his residence in Cleveland Mr. Roberts has been prominently identified with the politics of the city and county. He is widely known as a staunch Republican, having invariably supported that party. In the spring of 1860 he was elected a member of the board of education, and was re-elected the following year, serving as secretary of that body rnd as a member of the committee on buildings and supplies. In 1862 he was elected to the city council from the second ward for a term of two years, and was appointed chairman of the finance committee. He was reelected to the council in 1864 and again in 1866; holding the same position throughout the three terms. In 1864 he was elected auditor of Cuyahoga county, and was re-elected to that office in 1866, serving with his usual vigor and ability. He was assistant assessor of internal revenue in 1873 for the eighteenth district of Ohio, and was appointed collector of that district by President Johnson, which appointment was confirmed by the Senate in 1867, bill was declined by him. In 1868 he was elected sanitary trustee for one year; was re-elected in 1869 for three years, and at the end of his term was again re-elected for the same time. For seven years he occupied the position of secretary of the sanitary board. In addition to these civil offices Mr. Roberts has been for several years a director of the Ohio National Bank, and is a trustee of the Cleveland Society for Savings and the president of the Cleveland Paper Company. In his business relations, and throughout his official career, Mr. Roberts has maintained a high reputation for integrity and strictly honorable dealing. During the war for the Union he was active in support of the national cause and spent a great deal of time in procuring substitutes for those liable to draft. He is a member of Trinity church (Episcopal) in which he has for twenty years held the office of senior warden. He was married on the 20th of October, 1836, to Miss Sarah J. Hatch, daughter of Orrin Hatch, of Genesee county, New York. By this union he had one child, Sarah Louisa, born July 30, 1836, and now the wife of John M. Sterling, Jr. Mrs. Roberts died in October, 1863. Mr. Roberts married his second wife, Miss Amanda Bartlett Cowan, in October, 1867. 378 - THE CITY OF CLEVELAND. JOHN P. ROBISON. Dr. John P. Robison, one of Cleveland's prominent citizens, became a resident of Ohio, in 1832 and of Cleveland thirty years later. His grandfather, John Decker Robison, an American of Scotch descent, was a soldier under Braddock in his disastrous campaign against Fort Du Quesne, and fought throughout the Revolutionary war. His son, Peter Robison, the father of the subject of this sketch, was a farmer in Western New York, and in Ontario county of that State John P. Robison was born, on the 23d day of January, 1811. Until he reached his sixteenth year he lived upon his father's farm, passing his time in active agricultural labors and at the village school. It being then determined to provide him with a good education, he was sent to Niffing's high school, at Vienna, New York, where he attained high rank as a student, and also imbibed a taste for medical science and the medical profession. He was received as a private pupil of President Woodward, of the Vermont College of Medicine, from which institution he was graduated in 1831. Eagerly ambitious to enter the bustling scenes of practical life, he migrated without delay to Ohio and settled as a medical practitioner at Bedford, Cuyahoga county, in February, 1832. He pursued the practice of his profession at that place with gratifying success for eleven years, but in 1842 he decided to engage in the mercantile business at that point. Accordingly, in company with Mr. W. B. Hillman, he carried on for some time thereafter an extensive business as a storekeeper, miller, provision dealer and land speculator; engaging in fact in almost any enterprise that promised a liberal return. In November, 1832, Dr. Robison married a daughter of Hezekiah Dunham, the founder of the village of Bedford. Of their children three survive; one son being engaged with his father in business, and -another being upon the eve of entering the legal profession. During his busy experience at Bedford Dr. Robison was not unmindful of the high claims of religion, and as early as practicable founded at Bedford a congregation of Disciples, he being a close friend and associate of the leader of that denomination, Alexander Campbell. He labored for the upbuilding of that cause "without money and without price." Such was his energy, zeal and devotion that although at the beginning of his ministerial labors his congregation numbered less than a dozen persons, yet he left it to his successor—at the close of a sixteen years' ministry, given without fee or reward of any kind— swelled in membership to four hundred and forty. As a teacher of the Disciple doctrine he frequently journeyed with Alexander Campbell through the state, and with that eminent leader lifted up his voice hefore vast assemblages, while his purse yielded freely and often of its wealth to prosper the cause of the Church. In 1862 he took up his residence in Cleveland, having entered, in 1858, with General 0. M. Oviatt, into the business of packing provisions at that city, on an extended scale. The firm held a conspicuous place as packers, and their " Buckeye" brand was known and highly lauded in all the great provision marts of America and England. After continuing until 1867, the partnership between Dr. Robison and Gen. Oviatt was dissolved. The former continued the business a short time on his own account, and then took as a partner, Archibald Baxter, of New York, through whose failure in the latter city, in 1875, Dr. Robison suffered very heavy loss. In that year he formed a new partnership, with Dr. W. S. Streator and S. R. Streator, under the firm name of J. P. Robison & Co., which continues to this day as one of the leading packing houses in the West. Previous to 1875 he had engaged largely in packing in Chicago, Illinois, and Lafayette, Indiana; returning permanently to Cleveland, however, after a brief absence. He has ever been active and generous in the promotion of public enterprises, and in schemes for the public good his heart and hand have always been freely enlisted. His services on behalf of the Union cause during the rebellion were of no slight value and they were exercised moreover with untiring zeal and patriotism. He was among the most active workers in procuring volunteers for the Federal army, and in many other ways displayed in a substantial and emphatic manner his devotion to his country. His earliest political faith was that of a Clay Whig, and upon the dismemberment of that party he' joined the ranks of the Democracy. In 1861 he was chosen to the State senate by a coalition of the War Democrats and Republicans, by the largest vote given to any senator from Cuyahoga, and after that event he cast his lot with the Republican party, to which he still remains a staunch adherent. Since his retirement from the senate he has rejected political honors, as being less in keeping with his desires and tastes than the duties pertaining to his own large and important business. In the capacity of director of public and private trusts he has always been watchful and capable in the administration of his duties. For twenty years or more he has been a trustee of Bethany College in West Virginia, and for a long time filled a similar place in connection with Hiram College in the Western Reserve. He is a director of the Second National Bank, of the People's Savings and Loan Association, and of the Lake View Cemetery; having been one of the earliest supporters of the last-named institution and one of the first subscribers to its stock. He has been closely identified with the Northern Ohio Fair Association from its formation and has been the president of that widely known and valuable organization for the past five years. BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCHES - 379 WILLIAM G. ROSE. William G. Rose was born in Mercer county, Pennsylvania, on the 23rd day of September, 1829, and is the youngest of eleven children, all of whom lived to be married and became heads of families. His parents were James and Martha (McKenley) Rose, the former of English and the latter of Scotch-Irish descent. His paternal grandfather, Andrew Rose, was for many years manager of an iron furnace in Bucks county, Pennsylvania, and removed with his family to Mercer county in 1799. His maternal grandfather, David McKenley, was a soldier in the war of the Revolution. His father, who with four brothers served in the war of 1812,. had ten grandsons who enlisted in the Union armies at the commencement of the late rebellion; all serving three years and all re-enlisting except three, one of whom died in a rebel prison. William G. Rose also served as a private in a three months' regiment, in West Virginia. The subject of this sketch labored on a farm in summer and attended school during the winter months until he was seventeen years of age, when, in order to provide means to obtain a more thorough education, he taught in the public schools part of each year and pursued his studies during the remainder. He pursued this course for six years, attending various academies, and at the expiration of that time had acquired a fair knowledge of Latin, Greek and the Higher mathematics. At the age of twenty-three he commenced the study of law in the office of the Hon. Wm. Stewart, of Mercer, Pennsylvania, and was admitted to the bar on the 17th day of April, 1855, when he immediately entered upon the duties of his profession in his native county. Soon afterward, however, Mr. Rose became interested in politics, and for a short time was one of the editors and proprietors of a weekly newspaper known as the Independent Democrat. Although his antecedents were Democratic, his opposition to the extension of slavery in the Territories induced him to join the Republican party at its inception. In 1857 \be was elected to the Pennsylvania legislature, and was re-elected in 1858. In 1860 he was elected a delegate to the National Republican Convention at Chicago, which nominated Lincoln for the presidency, but on account. of illness was unable to attend, his place being filled by an alternate. He was twice presented by the Republican party of his native county as a candidate for Congress; the last time, in 1864, unanimously. His nomination in the district, which was composed of four counties, and at that time was largely Republican, was only prevented because, under the system then in vogue, in that portion of Pennsylvania, other counties claimed a prior right to the nominee. In 1865 Mr. Rose removed to Cleveland, where, after being admitted to the practice of the law, he engaged in the purchase and sale of real estate. He continued this pursuit until 1874, when he retired from business and made an extensive tour through California, and the Western Territories. In 1867 Mr. Rose was elected mayor of Cleveland, an office which he filled with entire satisfaction to his constituents. His administration was characterized by a wise and judicious management of municipal affairs generally, and an active support of all enterprises calculated to develop the prosperity of the oity. He was married in 1858 to Martha E. Parmelee, a graduate of Oberlin College. Their family consists of four children, Alice E., Hudson P., Frederick H. and Willie K. JAMES HENRY SALISBURY. The subject of this sketch was born at "Evergreen Terrace," in the town of Scott, Cortland oounty, New York, on the 13th day of October, 1823. His earliest ancestor in this country came to America from North Wales, and settled in Rhode Isle —id about the year 1640. His great-grandfather was „born at Warwick, Rhode Island, but early in life removed to Cranston, in the same State, where he married a Miss Pierce, by whom he had the following children: Peleg, (known as the "big man of Warwick "), Martin, Job, Mial, Nathan, Rebecca and Phoebe. Nathan, the grandfather of the subject of this sketch was born December 1, 1751. He was married on the 16th of July, 1771, to Abigail Stone, (born October 16, 1753, ) only daughter of Joseph Stone, of Cranston, a descendant of Hugh Stone, the "stolen boy," and ancestor of the Stone family in America. The maiden name of Abigail Stone's mother's was Brown. She was a near relative of John Brown, the founder of Rhode Island College, afterward Brown University. Nathan Salisbury was lieutenant of the company under Captain Burgess that fired into the British frigate " Gasper," a short time before the Revolutionary war. He resided at Cranston until 1795, when he removed to Providence. In March, 1803, he removed to Hartford, Washington county, New York, where he remained till 1806, and then went to Cazenovia, in Madison county, in the same State. In March, 1807, he removed to Homer, now Cortland county, and in the fall of the same year settled in Homer and purchased a farm lying on the waters of Cold brook, where he remained till his death, on the 14th of May, 1817. His children were Waity, Sally, John, Joseph Martin (who followed the sea, and died on a voyage returning from China), Anna, Mary, Lucinda, Ambrose, Cynthia, Nathan and Phoebe. Nathan, the father of James B. Salisbury, purchased, in 1815, a farm on lot ninety-five, in the town of Scott, which is the site of " Evergreen Terrace," the Salisbury homestead. On the 21st of January, 1818, he was married to Lucretia A. Babcock, (born September 30, 1792), daughter of James and Mary Gibbs Babcock, who moved from Blandford, Massachusetts, to Soott, New York, in 1815. Nathan 380 - THE CITY OF CLEVELAND. Salisbury and wife have resided at "Evergreen Terrace" sixty-one years, and have reared the following children: Amanda A., Charles B., James H., Milton L., Burdette J., Charlotte A., William W. and Nathan, Jr. James H., the subject of this sketch, received his early education at Homer Academy, then presided over by Prof. Samuel Woolworth, now secretary of the board of regents of the University of the State of New York. He received the degree of Bachelor of Natural Sciences (B .N. S.) at the Polytechnic Institute at Troy, New York, in 1844, previous to which he had been appointed assistant under Prof. Ebenezer Emmons, in the chemical department of the Geological Survey of the State of New York, which place he filled till January 1, 1849, when be was made principal of the same department. He remained principal, with his brother, Charles B., as assistant, until 1852. Dr. Salisbury received the degree of Doctor of Medicine from the Albany Medical College in January, 1850, and that of Master of Arts from Union College, Schenectady, in August, 1852. He was elected a member of the American Association for the Advancement of Science in 1848, and the same year was also made a member of the Albany Institute. In 1853 he was elected corresponding member of the Natural History Society of Montreal. In 1879 he was elected a member of the Philosophical Society of Great Britain. In 1857 he was elected a member of the American Antiquarian Society, and in 1876, was made vice president of the Western Reserve Historical Society, which office he still holds. In 1848 Dr. Salisbury received a gold medal from the Young Men's Association of Albany, New York, for the best essay on the "Anatomy' and History of Plants." In 1849 he won the prize of three hundred dollars, offered by the State Agricultural Society of New York for the best essay on the " chemical and physiological examinations of the maize plant during its various stages of growth." This made a work of over two hundred pages, and was published in the New York State Agricultural Reports for 1849, and subsequently copied entire in the State Agricultural Reports of Ohio. In 1851-52 he gave two courses of lectures on elementary and applied chemistry, in the New York State Normal School. He also conducted a series of interesting experiments, on different subjects, which were embodied in a paper read before the American Association for the Advancement of Science, in 1851, and were published in their transactions, and also in the New York Journal of Medicine of a later date. The following list of his published works and papers will serve to give some idea of the extent and variety of his labors: Analysis of Fruits, Vegetables and Grain; Chemical Investigations of the Maize Plant (prize essay, 206 pages); Chemical Analysis of Five Varieties of the Cabbage; Chemical examination of the various parts of the Plant Rheum Rhaponticum; Chemical Exam ination of Rumex Crispus; Experiments and Observation on the Influence of Poisons and Medicinal Agents upon Plants; Chemical Examination of the Fruit of Five Varieties of Apples; Chemical Investigations connected with the Tomato, the Fruit of the Egg Plant, and Pods of the Okra; History, Culture and Composition of Apium Graveolens and Cichorium Intibus; Facts and Remarks on the Indigestibility of Food; Composition of Grains, Vegetables and Fruits; Microscopic Researches in the Cause of. the so-called "Blight" in Apple, Pear and Quince Trees, etc.; Chronic Diarrhoea and its Complications; Something about Cryptogams, Fermentation and Disease; Probable Source of the Steatorzoon Folliculorum.; Investigations, Chemical and Microscopical, on the Spleen and Mesenteric and Lymphatic Glands; Defective Alimentation a Primary Cause of Disease; On the Cause of Intermittent and Remittent Fevers; Experiments on Poisoning with the Vegetable Alkaloids; Discovery of Cholesterine and Seroline as Secretions of Various Glands; Remark,: on Fungi; On Inoculating the Human System with Straw Fungi; Parasitic Forms Developed in the Parent Epithelial Cells, etc.; Remarks on the Structure, Functions and Classification of the Parent Gland Cells, etc.; Microscopic Researches relating to the Histology and Minute Anatomy of the Spleen, etc.; Description of two new Algoid Vegetations; Geological Report of the Mill Creek Canal Coal Field; Analysis, Organic and Inorganic, of the Cucumber; Experiments on the Capillary Attractions of the Soil; A New Carbonic Acid Apparatus; Analysis of Dead Sea Water; Two Interesting Parasitic Diseases; Pus and Infection; Microscopic Examinations of Blood, etc.; Vegetations found in the Blood of Patients suffering from Erysipelas; Infusorial Catarrh and Asthma; Analysis, Organic and Inorganic, of the White Sugar Beet; Analysis, Organic and Inorganic, of the Parsnip; Ancient Rock and Earth Writing and Inscriptions of the Mound-builders; Influence of the Position of the Body upon the Heart's Action; Material Application of Chemistry to Agriculture; Analysis, Organic and Inorganic, of the Several Kinds of Grains and Vegetables. Besides the foregoing, Dr. Salisbury is the author of nearly thirty unpublished works and papers of decided value, on similar subjects. While in charge of the State laboratory of New York from 1849 to 1852, he was oonstantly engaged in chemical and medical investigations; the results of many of them being published in the Transactions of the American Association for the Advancement of Science, in State geological and agricultural reports, and in the various scientific and medical journals of that period. In 1849 he began the studies in microscopic medicine in which be has been so successful. He has persevered in these studies, with scarcely any intermission, ever since, devoting much of his time daily to microscopic investigations. In 1858 he began the study of alimentation, which he mastered in all its phases, and his subsequent investigations in regard to BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCHES - 381 chronic diseases, diphtheria, intermittent and remittent fevers, measles and many other diseases, have been extensively published in foreign and domestic medical journals. The extended labors of himself and brother, C. B. Salisbury, on the ancient earth and rock-writing of this country, in connection with the earth and rock-works of the ancient Mound-builders, have been embodied in a large quarto volume with thirty-nine plates, which is in the hands of the American Antiquarian Society, and is only partially published. The great labors of his life, comprising, as he claims, an explanation of the causes and successful treatment of nearly every chronic disease that is supposed to be incurable, are yet unpublished. In January, 1864, Dr. Salisbury came to Cleveland to assist in starting the Charity Hospital College. He gave to this institution two courses of lectures, in 1864-5 and 1865-6, on Physiology, Histology and Microscopic Anatomy. From January, 1864, to the present time he has been busily engaged in treating chronic diseases, especially those which have hitherto been considered fatal, and his success in this field is widely known. In the early part of 1878 he was chosen president of the "Institute of Micrology," a position he continues to hold. JOHN C. SANDERS. Doctor Moses Sanders, the father of the suhject of this sketch, was a native of Milford, Massachusetts, having been born there on the 27th of May, 1789. He received a good English education and some knowledge of the Greek and Latin languages. At an early period he removed with his father's family to Saratoga county, New York, where he studied medicine, attending medical lectures in New York City. He began the practice of his profession in Manchester, near Canandaigua. He soon. afterward married Miss Harriet M. Thompson, of Cherry Valley, by whom he had five children— Olive, Isabella, William D., John C. and Rhoda, the last of whom Wed in infancy. In 1818 he removed to Peru, Huron county, Ohio, where, with the exception of three years spent in Norwalk, he passed the remainder of his life. Mrs. Sanders died on the 20th of October, 1829, and he married, for his second wife, Mrs. Pearly Douglas, of Elyria, Ohio. By this union he had one child, Elizabeth Chapin, born April 15, 1832. Doctor Moses Sanders was one of the pioneer physicians of Ohio, and for a period of nearly forty years devoted himself to the duties of his profession, which was relinquished only when illness prevented its longer continuance. He died on the 18th of May, 1856, and consequently lacked only nine days of being sixty-seven years of age. The following extracts are taken from an address delivered at his funeral by the Rev. A. Newton: "In looking at the traits of Dr. Sanders' mind, I regard as among the most prominent, its energy and force. He never seemed to think. feebly. His mind seized every subject within its range, with a firm grasp. * * * This mental force, combined with an ardent physical temperament, imparted great energy to all his movements. He had great executive power. Whatever he took hold of, he would accomplish in a short time. Whatever be had in hand, he did with his might. "An open frankness was characteristic of Doctor Sanders. He carried his heart in his hand. He knew no concealment. * * * He was a man of warm social feelings. As a husband and a father, no man could be more beloved. Um stron̊. social principles of his nature found their finest developement rn the family circle of which he was the honored head. * * * He was also liberal and public- spirited. He had a ready sympathy with those objects and plans which look to the benefit of others. * * He saw the value of religious institutions before he felt a personal interest in religion itself, and was therefore a liberal supporter of the Gospel from his first entrance upon professional life. * * “But the most marked characteristic of Doctor Sanders was his professional enthusiasm. His strong natural powers were entirely, I may say intensely, devoted to his. chosen work. His profession was not a stepping-stone to wealth and fame, but it was an end in itself. * * * Generous and public-spirited—attached to his friends-devoted to his patients—untiring hr his efforts to alleviate human suffering in all its forms, and in every grade and condition of life—a true philanthropist, he will long be remembered by the people of this county. An ornament to his profession, he has left an example to its members which few, indeed, will be so fortunate as to excel." John C. Sanders was born in Peru, Huron county, Ohio, on the 2d day of July, 1825. He received his education (subsequent to that of the common schools) at Lima Academy, after which he began the study of medicine with his father, remaining in his office five years. He was then graduated from the medical department of the Western Reserve College, which at that time owned a distinguished faculty, consisting of Professors Kirtland, Delamater, Ackley, J. Lang Cassells and St. Johns. After his graduation young Sanders entered into partnership with his father, in the practice of his profession at Peru. The young doctor continued in this relation for eighteen months, when, becoming convinced of the need of a broader general culture, he broke away from the ties of social and professional life, and began assiduously to prepare for a literary college course. At the end of one year he entered the Western Reserve College, where be remained two years, after which he became a member of the junior class at Yale College, and was graduated from that institution in the class of 1854. Immediately after his graduation he returned to Ohio, and established a partnership with Dr. A. N. Read for the practice of medicine and surgery, at Norwalk. Soon after the death of his father, in 1856, Dr. Sanders removed to Cleveland, and opened an office there. Becoming gradually impressed with the success of the homoeopathic system, he decided, with his 382 - THE CITY OF CLEVELAND. usual promptitude, to give it a special and thorough study. The line of his investigations was not in the direction of its literature, with which he was familiar, but of the clinical experience of the representative practitioners of that school in the city of Cleveland. He first entered the office of Dr. Turrill, and subsequently that of Dr. Wheeler, remaining a year in each, engaged exclusively in the study of their clinical experiences. He became convinced of the superiority of the system in question, and decided to adopt and follow it. The success that has since attended his labors proves, as he claims, the wisdom of his choice. He opened an office on the Public Square, and soon took his place among the leading practitioners of the city. Within a year afterward he received the appointment of professor of obstetrics and diseases of women and children in the Cleveland Homoeopathic College, which position he occupied exclusively, with the exception of one session, for a period of twenty years. For the past five years the chair has been divided, but he still presides over the department of obstetrics. For three sessions he lectured on the theory and practice of medicine, and during one session on physiology. As a lecturer he is fluent, logical and eminently clinical, with a fine command of language and a complete mastery of his subject. Aside from his collegiate duties he has enjoyed a large general practice, and ranks among the most successful physicians of Cleveland. For nine years he has been treasurer of the Homoeopathic Medical Society of Ohio, of which he has long been an active and valued member. He has also been a frequent contributor to its literature. For many years he has been a member of the American Institute of Homoeopathy, holding the chairmanship of its bureau of obstetrics for a series of years, and having also been its vice president. The same energy and ability which characterized his youth have been conspicuous in all his subsequent life, and in the professor's chair as well as in the extensive practice of a prominent physician, he has ever discharged his duties in such a manner as to gain the approbation of the public. He is an enthusiastic supporter of the public school system, takes a deep interest in promoting all educational interests, and has been instrumental in the advancement of the standards of professional scholarship in the medical schools. He is now president of the Homoeopathic Inter-Collegiate Congress, Though taking no active part in political matters, he acts with the Republican party, and is firm in his convictions and decided in his expressions of opinion. He was married October 25, 1854, to Albina G. Smith, of Cleveland, by whom he has five children— John K., Albina G., Ezra C., Gertrude G. and Frank B. Sanders. WILLIAM JOHNSON SCOTT. William Johnson Scott, physician and surgeon, was born in Culpepper county, Virginia, on the 25th day of .January, 1822. His father came to Ohio in 1830, settling in Knox county, where he resided until his death. Young Scott worked on his father's farm until twenty-one years of age, with occasional intervals of attendance at a common school. He then, entirely on his own responsibility, entered the preparatory department of Kenyon College, and went regularly through the college course; being graduated in 1848. After his graduation he was appointed tutor, which position he held for two years. He directed his special attention, as he had previously done, to those branches of science which would aid him in preparing for the medical profession. The studies in question were directed by Homer L. Thrall, M.D., who was professor of chemistry in the college at the time. In the winter of 1849-50 Mr. Scott attended a course of lectures at Cleveland Medical College. He returned to Gambier in the spring, taking charge of the laboratory of the college, and practicing medicine with Dr. Thrall until the fall of 1852. Having then been elected professor of chemistry in Jefferson College, at Washington, Mississippi, he removed to that place, holding the position in question two years. He then returned to Ohio, and attended a course of lectures at Starling Medical College, Columbus; being graduated from that institution in 1853, with the degree of M.D. He had previously received the degree of A.M. from Kenyon College. Dr. Scott then opened an office in Shadeville, Franklin county, Ohio, where he practiced until 1864, when he accepted the professorship of materia medica and therapeutics in Charity Hospital Medical College, at Cleveland, Ohio. He held this position two years, when he was transferred to the chair of principles and practice of medicine, in which he still remains. He has been consulting physician in Charity Hospital and clinical lecturer on medicine ever since he came to Cleveland. His college and hospital duties, however, only occupy a portion of his time, the remainder being devoted to his private practice. After a time Charity Hospital Medical College became the medical department of the University of Wooster, but Dr. Scott holds the same relations to this institution as to the former one. He is a member of the Ohio State Medical Society, of the American Medical Association, of the American Pharmaceutical Society, the Franklin county Medical Society, and the Cuyahoga County Medical Society. He has also been the president of the Cleveland Academy of Medicine, of the Cuyahoga County Medical Society, and of the Ohio State Medical Society. BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCHES - 283 Dr. Scott was married to Miss Mary F. Stone, of St. Johnsbury, Vermont, in the year 1854. He is a member of St. Paul's Episcopal Church, in Cleveland, and maintains a high standing as a faithful Christian, a skillful physician, and an upright citizen. ELIAS SIMS. Captain Elias Sims, son of John and Eliza Sims, was born in Onondaga county, New York, on the 4th day of August, 1818. The membels, on both sides, of the family to which he belongs are remarkable for their longevity. His father, a successful and enterprising farmer, was a native of Pennsylvania; his mother was born in New York. His boyhood was spent on his.father's farm, and his educational advantages were very limited, Being the sixth of a family of twelve children, he early realized that it would be . necessary for him to make his own way in the world. Possessing considerable ambition and enterprise, he left the paternal home at the age of fifteen, determined to carve out his own fortune. He first secured employment as a driver on the Erie canal, and continued in that occupation three years. He then commenced contracting on the canal, making drains, etc., and at the end of the first year, found that he had realized a snug sum of money. He then took another contract and lost everything he had accumulated. Undiscouraged by this reverse of fortune, he at once resumed work as an employee, and at the end of another year again commenced jobbing and contracting, a business which he has continued with varying success until the present time. In 1855 Captain Sims came to Cleveland to dredge I he hod of the Cuyahoga river, but in 1860 he removed with his family to Milwaukee, Wisconsin, where he remained three years, returning to Cleveland in 1863. He then settled on Washington street, on the West Side, where he still resides. In connection with John H. Sargeant, D. P. Rhodes and John Spalding, Captain Sims, in 1868, built the Rocky River railroad, of which he is now president, this (1879) being the fifth year he has occupied that position. He has also been, since 1875, president of the West Side street railway company, and in connection with Mr. Rhodes organized the West Side Gas Company, in which he is a director. He assisted in organizing the People's Savings and Loan Association, in which he is also a director; besides holding the same office in the Citizen's Loan Association on the East Side. Since his residence in Cleveland he has, to some extent, engaged in lake traffic; is a large real estate owner and is also interested in the Cuyahoga Stone company of Berea. Captain Sims has never sought public office, but is an earnest supporter of the Republican party and is liberal and progressive in his views. He has been the architect of his own fortunes, having been compelled to depend upon his own energies and to push his way unaided. His success is due to his untiring industry and his sound judgment. He is no niggard with the wealth he has acquired, but is a constant and liberal contributor to many public and charitable enterprises. Although not a member of any church organization he is an attendant—and for three years has been a vestryman—of St. John's Episcopal Church. By his uprightness of character, generosity, and general good qualities he has won the esteem of a large circle of friends and acquaintances. In 1838 Mr. Sims married Cornelia Vosburgh, daughter of James Vosburgh, of Onondaga county, New York, by whom he had four children. Only three of these are living (one having died in infancy). They are Eliza, wife of William W. Sloan, of Buffalo, New York; Sarah J., wife of Charles Everett, of Cleveland; and Olivia, wife of W. J. Starkweather. Mrs. Sims died on the 27th day of November, 1876. ABRAHAM D. SLAGHT. Abraham D. Slaght was born in Morristown, New Jersey, on the 5th day of May, 1786, and died at Brooklyn, Ohio, on the 21st day of September, 1873, having reached the advanced age of eighty-seven years. The name of Mr. Slaght is well known among the older residents of Cleveland, he having removed to Ohio in the spring of 1817, coming from New Jersey with his family in company with several other emigrant households: The journey was made in heavily laden wagons, drawn by ox-teams, and was necessarily slow and wearisome. At Buffalo the women and children were left, and came from that place by the way of the lake, while the men pushed forward through the forest with the wagons. Mr. Slaght first settled on what is now known as Euclid Ridge, and, until a house could be erected, his covered wagon was the only shelter to be obtained for his wife and three children. As soon as their rude dwelling was finished, he commenced working at his trade, which was that of a shoemaker, and also engaged in farming to some extent. In 1832 he purchased a tract of land on what is now St.. Clair street, near Madison avenue, and removed thither the same year. He then gave up his trade, and devoted his energies to cutting down and clearing off the timber with which his land was covered, and to the cultivation of the soil. He remained on this place until 1860, when, his property having greatly increased in value, he retired, and for the remainder of his life resided with his daughter, Mrs. Francis Branch, to whom this notice and the accompanying portrait are due. In manner and dress Mr. Slaght was plain and unostentatious, and never, in any way, sought public notice. In politics he was first a Whig and afterward a Republican, and though never taking a prominent part in political movements, he did not neglect the duties of a good citizen, and served with ability in various local offices of trust. He was, in fact, a good citizen, a good neighbor, and a kind and indulgent 384 - THE CITY OF CLEVELAND. father. He was married on the 21st of February, 1811, to Taphenis Dickerson, by whom he had ten children—six daughters and four sons, viz: Edgar, born February 29, 1812; Louisa, born October 16, 1813; Adeline, born July 20, 1815; Joseph, born January 22, 1818; Sarah, born November 24, 1819; Cornelius, born October 4, 1821; Mortimer, born October 22, 1824; Elizabeth, born October 18, 1826; Martha, born April 2, 1831, and Julia D., born October 20, 1834. Mrs. Slaght died October 4, 1851. AMASA STONE. Amasa Stone, a prominent railroad manager and builder, was born in Charlton, Worcester county, Massachusetts, April 27, 1818. The founders of the family in America; mentioned in the succeeding sketch, were members of a .Puritan colony which landed at Boston in 1635. Mr. Amasa Stone's father was a farmer, and the former remained at home, laboring on the farm and attending the district school, until he was seventeen years old, when he engaged to work three years to learn the trade of a builder. The first labor he.did on his own account was to fill a contract for the joiner work of a large house in Worcester, at the age of nineteen. At twenty he associated himself with his two elder brothers, in a contract to build a church-edifice at East Brookfield. The next year he acted as foreman in the erection of two church edifices and several buildings, in Massachusetts. In 1839 and '40 he was engaged with Mr. Howe in building the bridge across the Connecticut river at Springfield, Massachusetts, for the Western railroad company. Mr. Howe had just secured his patent for what is known as the "Howe Truss Bridge." From the time of building this bridge, and for several years, Mr. Stone was constantly employed in building railway bridges and depot buildings. In 1842, he and Mr. A. Boody purchased from Mr. Howe his bridge patent for the New England States, and a company, under the name of Boody, Stone & Co., was formed for the construction of railways and railway bridges, the mechanical branch of the work to be under the care of Mr. Stone. In 1845 he was appointed superintendent of the New Haven, Hartford and Springfield railroad, still continuing his relations with the firm, but the business of the latter became so heavy that he was obliged to resign the position of superintendent. Messrs. Boody & Stone had agreed to pay forty thousand dollars for the patent of the Howe truss bridge. A few years afterward defects were found in bridges erected on this plan; other plans competed for the superiority, and it was feared that the purchase was a very poor investment. Mr. Stone's inventive genius was such that he was able to improve the patent in several important particulars, so that it Was not found necessary to change it afterward. In 1846 the bridge over the Connecticut river at Enfield Falls, one fourth of a mile long, was carried away by a hurricane. Mr. Stone was applied to by the president of the New Haven, Hartford and Springfield railroad for advice in regard to its reconstruction. This meeting and the subsequent action of the directors resulted in making Mr. tone sole manager of the work of erecting another bridge. It was completed, and a train of cars passed over it, within forty days from the day the order was given for its erection. He regarded this as one of the most important events of his life, and he was rewarded by complimentary resolutions and a check for one thousand dollars, given by the company. The next winter the firm of Boody, Stone & Co. was dissolved, Mr. Stone taking, of the States covered by the patent, Massachusetts, Rhode Island and Connecticut. He then formed a partnership with Mr. D. L. Harris, which continued until 1849. In 1848 he formed another partnership, with Mr. Stillman Witt and Mr. Frederick Harbach, and this firm contracted with the Cleveland, Columbus and Cincinnati railroad company to- construct the road from Cleveland to Columbus. This was thought by many to be a doubtful undertaking, as a part of the payment for the work was to be taken in the capital stock of the company. It was finished, however, and the stock proved to be a very profitable investment. In 1850 Mr. Stone was appointed its superintendent, and in the same year he removed to Cleveland. Another most important enterprise with which he was connected was the construction of the railroad from Cleveland to Erie. This was completed in the face of numberless difficulties, and Mr. Stone was appointed its superintendent. In 1852, while still acting as superintendent of both the roads named, Mr. Stone was elected a director in each of the companies, anti he attended to the duties of these various positions with great ability until 1854, when he resigned the superintendency on account of ill health. He was also, for several years, president of the Cleveland, Painesville and Ashtabula railroad. In 1855 Messrs. Stone-and Witt oontracted to build the Chicago and Milwaukee railroad, and the former was for many year's a director in that company. He was also a director in several banks----the Merchants' of Cleveland, the Bank of Commerce, the Second National Bank, the. Commercial National Bank, and the Cleveland Banking Company. For several years he was the president of the Toledo branch of the State Bank of Ohio, at Toledo, a director of the Jamestown and Franklin Railroad Company, and the president of the Mercer Iron and Coal Company. He also aided in establishing several manufactories, carried on extensive car works, and gave financial aid to several iron-manufacturing interests. In 1861 he erected a large woolenmill in Cleveland. lIe also gave special attention to the construction of roofs of ,buildings, covering many acres of ground; the last designed by him being that of the Union passenger depot at Cleveland. He was also said to BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCHES - 385 be the first to design and erect pivot drawbridges of long span, and in the construction of railroad cars and locomotives he introduced numerous improvements. Mr. Stone took a prominent part in the recruiting and supply of troops during the war for the Union, and was offered by President Lincoln a commission as brigadier-general for the purpose of building a military railroad through Kentucky to Knoxville, Tennessee, a project which was afterwards relinquished by the government. He went abroad in 1868 for the benefit of his health, and spent two years in travel and observation. On his return, in 1873, he resumed charge of the Lake Shore and Michigan Southern railroad as managing director, which position, he resigned in 1875; afterward devoting his time to the care of his own estate. He gave, at this and other periods, a great deal of attention to works of public charity, and in 1877 he built and endowed a home for aged and indigent women at Cleveland. Mr. Stone was married on the 12th day of January, 1842, to Miss Julia Ann Gleason of Warren, Massaohusetts. His children have been three in number: a son, Adelbert B. Stone, a young gentleman of remarkable promise, who was drowned in the Connecticut river while a student at Yale College; and two daughters, the elder of whom was married in 1874 to John Hay, Esq. ANDROS B. STONE. This gentleman was born in Charlton, Worcester county, Massachusetts, on the 18th day of, June, 1824. He is a descendant, in the seventh generation. (in this country), from an English family. In the year 1635 two brothers named Simon and Gregory Stone sailed from Ipswich, England, for Boston, in the ship "Increase." They settled in Cambridge, Massachusetts—were yeomen and land owners; Mr. Simon Stone being one of the owners of the old Cambridge burying ground, where his remains have lain for nearly two hundred and fifty years. Mr. Stone's ancestors were nearly all noted Puritans—prominent in the church and in public affairs. His great grandfather, Jonathan Stone, removed to Worcester county, where his son Jonathan and his grandson Amasa, the father of the subject of this sketch, permanently settled. Mr. Andros B. Stone was the youngest of ten children, and remained upon the home farm until he was fifteen years of age, receiving such education as the common schools and academies in that part of the country afforded. On leaving home at the early age just named, Mr. Stone was actuated by one strong desire, that of mastering a trade. He chose that of a carpenter, placing himself under the tutelage of an elder brother. Mr. William Howe, a hrother-inlaw, having about this time taken out a valuable patent for a bridge called the " Howe Truss," an advantageous opening was thereby presented to the large family of brothers, and A. B. Stone was made a superintendent of the construction of bridges when he was but eighteen years old. As soon as he attained his majority he began building bridges in the State of Maine, in company with an elder brother, and afterward became associated with Mr. Azariah Boody in the construction of bridges in Vermont. In 1852 Mr. Stone removed to Chicago, and he and a brother-in-law established themselves as builders of "Howe" bridges in Illinois, Wisconsin, Missouri and Iowa. The rapid increase of railroads in the western country at this time gave the young men an opportunity for enterprise which they amply utilized, as the bridges on the Illinois Central, the Chicago, Rock Island and Pacific, the Chicago and Northwestern railroads and others fully testify. In addition to this large business, Mr. Stone was also engaged in manufacturing cars of all kinds, which for five years was a successful business. After six years of busy life in, Chicago, Mr. Stone turned his attention to the great iron industry, and in 1858 identified himself with a small establishment at Newburg, near Cleveland, owned by Chisholm & Jones. At this time the firm had one small mill for re-rolling old rails, and employed about forty men. The business grew from year to year, and in 1863 the ownership was vested in a stock company, under the name of the Cleveland Rolling Mill Company, with Mr. Stone as president, which position he retained for fifteen years. The business has steadily increased until the establishment has became the largest one on the American continent devoted to the iron and steel industry; giving employment to nearly five thousand men, who; with their families, constitute one-sixth of the population of Cleveland. The yearly value of the products of the mill amounts to nearly eight million dollars. During the unparalleled depression in the iron industry extending over the five years previous to the present one, Mr. Stone proved himself a financier of no common ability by taking this company through the crisis without difficulty, and without loss to either stockholders or employees. In 1878 Mr. Stone resigned his position as president of the company for that of vice president, which he still occupies. Among other prominent positions which Mr. Stone holds, are those of president of the Union Rolling Mill Company of Chicago—an important corporation, devoted to the manufacture of steel rails; president of the Kansas Rolling Mill Company, which manufactures iron rails and fastenings; president of the St. Louis, Keokuk and Northwestern railway company, and president of the Poughkeepsie Bridge Company, chartered by the State of New York for the purpose of bridging the Hudson river at Poughkeepsie. He is also engaged in many smaller enterprises, as would naturally be expected in the case of a man of his business capacity and versatility. Mr. Stone was married early in life to a daughter 386 - THE CITY OF CLEVELAND. of Rev. Mr. Boomer, by whom he has two daughters. He is, at present, living in New York City. It has been truly said that throughout his career Mr. Stone has shown two marked characteristics which usually lead to success; a olear and thorough understanding of whatever he has undertaken, and unvarying respect for the rights and opinions of others. Thus we see what ability and energy can do in a 'country so rich in opportunity as ours. A boy of fifteen starts out from an obscure home, without other capital than his own powerful brain and strong will-at fifty-five he stands among the very foremost chiefs of American manufacturing industry, with the proud satisfaction of feeling that it is his own hands which have placed him in that position. WORTHY S. STREATOR. The Hon. Worthy S. Streator was born in Hamilton, Madison county, New York, October 16, 1816. He received an education at an academy and afterwards entered a medical college, where he graduated after a four years course. He removed to Aurora, Ohio, and commenced the practice of medicine in 1839. After five years of general practice he removed to Louisville, Kentucky, spending a year in the. College and Hospital in that city, under the tutelage of the celebrated Dr. Groes, now of Philadelphia. He then resumed the practice of his profession at Ravenna, Portage county, Ohio. In 1850 Dr. Streator removed to Cleveland, when, after devoting two more years to his profession, he turned his attention to railroad building. His first undertaking in this direction was the construction of the Greenville and Medina road, in partnership with Henry Doolittle; and on the completion of this line they contracted to build that part of the Atlantic and Great Western railroad which runs through the State of Ohio—its length being two hundred and forty-four miles. In 1860 they contracted for the construction of the Pennsylvania division, ninety-one miles in length, and still later for that of the New York portion. Mr. Doolittle dying, Dr. treator disposed of the contracts to James McHenry, Esq., of London, England, and acted for him in the capacity of superintendent of construction. In 1862 Dr. Streator projected the Oil City railroad from Corry to Petroleum Center, Pennsylvania, the central point of the oil regions. The line, thirty- seven miles long, was built with extraordinary rapidity, and its success was almost without a parallel in the history of railroading. Its cars were crowded with passengers as soon as it reached the vicinity of Titusville, and the resources of the road were entirely inadequate to accommodate the people rushing into the oil regions, or to transport the immense' amount of oil seeking the markets of this country and Europe. Although Dr. Streator worked with untiring energy to accommodate the public, and to keep pace with the development of the country and of the oil interests consequent on the construction of the road, it for a long time outstripped all his efforts. While the prof-. its of the line were enormous, the creation of wealth by the enterprise was beyond all computation. Dr. Streator controlled and operated the road until 1866, when he disposed of it to Dean Richmond, of the New York Central railroad. He constructed for that company the Cross Cut railroad, running from Corry to Brocton, a distance of forty-two miles, to connect the new purchase with the main line. After this the doctor organized a company for the purchase of a large body of coal land on the Vermillion river, in La Salle and Livingston counties, Illinois. The tract comprised over five thousand acres, on which was a splint vein about six feet deep, the coal resembling that at Massillon, Ohio. To connect these beds with the Chicago, Burlington and Quincy railroad he built fifteen miles of railroad, and afterwards built seventy-one miles more in order to connect them with the Chicago, Rock Island and Pacific and the Chicago and Northwestern roads. He disposed of the former to the Chicago, Burlington and Quincy company, and in 1869 sold one half of his coal lands to parties acting in the interest of that corporation. The product of these mines has now reached the vast amount of six hundred thousand tons per annum. In 1869 Dr. Streator was elected by the Republicans of Cuyahoga county to represent their district in the Ohio State senate, and served with ability and fidelity until the close of his term in 1871. During this time he formed a friendship with Governor (now President) Hayes, and has lately received from him the offer of the position of collector of internal revenue for the district of Northern Ohio. While a member of the senate he was chosen president of the Lake Shore and Tuscarawas railroad company, which had been organized to build a railroad connecting Lake Erie at the mouth of Black river with Wheeling on the Ohio, and he has remained connected with this road down to the present time. In 1875 Dr. Streator became a member of the firm of J. P. Robison & Co., proprietors of the National Packing House, of Cleveland, one of the largest in Ohio and one of the most complete in the world. Nearly all the meats packed by this house are shipped by them direct to the English market, being cured with especial reference to the wants of that country. Dr. Streator has two large farms near Cleveland, and has stocked them with short-horn thoroughbred cattle, Kentucky horses and Cotswold sheep, not excelled by any in America. So thorough have been his efforts in this direction (although he originally began farming merely as a recreation), and so fully have his exertions to benefit the agricultural interests of the country been appreciated by those interested in husbandry, that he has been elected at various times president of the Northern Ohio Fair Association, one of the most complete organizations of its kind in the world. BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCHES - 387 Two marked characteristics of the doctor's life have been promptness and thoroughness, and his reputation for honesty in either his public or his business life has never been questioned. Although so actively engaged in large and varied 'enterprises, he has never neglected his duties as a citizen or a man. He has for many years been a member of the Church of the Disciples, and the prosperity of the denomination in Cleveland is largely due to his liberality and efforts. Every worthy enterprise, public or charitable, has found in him a patron and supporter. Dr. Streator was married in 1839 to Miss Sarah W. Stirling, of Lyman, New York, and they have a family of four children—one daughter (wife of Mr. E. B. Thomas, general manager of the Cleveland, Columbus, Cincinnati. and Indianapolis railroad) and three sons. PETER THATCHER. Peter Thatcher, familiarly known as "Uncle Peter," was born at Attleborough, Massachusetts, on the 20th of July, 1812. He is a direct descendant in the sixth generation from the Reverend Thomas Thatcher, founder of the old South Church of Boston, who came to New England in 1635, at the age of fifteen years, with his uncle, Anthony Thatcher. He was the son of the Rev. Peter Thatcher, rector of the old Salisbury Church in England, and a most estimable and pious man, as well as learned, being thoroughly versed in theology, the arts, sciences and languages, and also a physician of considerable note. He was spoken of, in New England, as the best scholar of his time, and many of his descendants have also rendered this name illustrious in church and State. Peter Thatcher, the subject of this sketch, was educated in the Wrentham and Amherst academies, which he attended from 1826 to 1828. In 1830 he went to Taunton, Massachusetts, and -determined to earn his own livelihood. He found employment with a house carpenter, to whom he engaged himself to work one year for forty dollars and board. After two years service in this employ, he, in November, 1834, commenced work as a mechanic on the Boston and Providence railroad—one of the oldest roads in this country—and soon won the confidence of his employers by his faithfulness and capability. He was advanced to the position of superintendent of construction, and after a few years took several contracts on his own account, which he carried out to the entire satisfaction of all concerned. After finishing his work on the Boston and Providence railroad, he was engaged until 1843 on various railroads in New England, Long Island, Maryland and New York. In 1843, 1844 and 1845, he was engaged in the construction of forts Warren and Independence, in Boston harbor, under the superintendence of Colonel Sylvanus Thayer. The value of his services, and the esteem in which he was held by his employers, may be inferred' from the following extracts from letters of recommendation. The first is from Mr. William Otis, contractor on the Boston and Providence railroad, to Mr. Latrobe, of Baltimore, chief engineer of the Baltimore and Ohio railroad. He says: " The bearer, Mr. Peter Thatcher, wishes to become a bidder for some of your work. I can say for him, that he has been in my employment, as superindent, for the last four years, and he has always acquitted himself with entire satisfaction to the engineer over him and to myself. I feel pride in saying that he is a young man in whom the utmost confidence can be placed." Mr. Wright, superintendent of engineers at Fort Warren, wrote of him in the following terms: " He possesses a thorough acquaintance with his business, and combines great intelligence with an uncommon degree of faithfulness in the discharge of duty. I feel assured that whoever is so fortunate as to command his services will esteem him a great acquisition." Others equally commendatory might be quoted, but these will suffice to show the character he had established. He subsequently became extensively engaged as a railroad contractor, building many of the prominent railroads in the Eastern States, and all along the coast from Maine to Georgia. In 1850 he obtained control of the Howe patent truss bridge, and established the firm of Thatcher, Burt & Co., bridge builders, with offices at Springfield, Massachusetts, and Cleveland, Ohio. At this time Mr. Thatcher removed to Cleveland, and for many years was one of the principal bridge builders in the West. He erected nearly all the original railroad bridges in Ohio, Michigan, Indiana and Kentucky, on the Cleveland, Columbus and Pittsburg; Cleveland and Toledo; Panhandle; Pittsburg, Ft. Wayne and Chicago; Cleveland, Columbus, Cincinnati and Indianapolis; Cincinnati and Marietta; Cincinnati and St. Louis; Baltimore and Ohio, and other railroads. In 1862 he rebuilt the bridge over the Cumberland river at Nashville, which was burned during the war. After having, for thirteen years, carried on the bridge building business and added to it a trade in lumber, the firm built the Union Elevator, in Cleveland, and a new firm of Thatcher, Gardner, Burt & Co., was formed. This firm was dissolved in 1865, by the withdrawal of Mr. Thatcher. About this time a company was formed for the purchase of a patent obtained for the manufacture of a durable paint and fire-proof mastic from iron ore. Mr. Thatcher was chosen president of the company, which at once entered on a vigorous prosecution of its business and has succeeded beyond the anticipation of its directors. The paint is made of Lake Superior iron ore, ground fine, and mixed with linseed oil, with which it forms a perfect union. It is then used in a thin state, as a paint for surfaces, whether of wood, stone or metal, 388 - THE CITY OF CLEVELAND exposed to the weather, and in a thicker state for a fire-proof mastic. The ore is crushed by machinery of great strength, and about three tons of paint are produced daily, besides the mastic, and find ready market. In connection with the above Mr. Thatcher has also purchased a patent for the manufacture of "metallic shingle," or iron roofing, which, after a test of a number of years, has been acknowledged to be unequaled for strength, durability, economy and beauty, and is water, fire, snow and dust proof. On the 11th of September, 1854, Mr. Thatcher first became connected with the Masonic order by being initiated an entered apprentice in Iris Lodge, No. 229, of Cleveland. He rapidly advanced in the society, has fined many high and responsible positions, and, since 1862, has been grand treasurer of the Grand Commandery of Knights Templar of Ohio. He has also passed through the Scottish rites to the thirty-second degree. In politics he is a Republican, and, although he has never sought political preferment, has been appointed to several offices of public trust. For six years he has been a commissioner of the water works. He was elected a member of the board of public works of the State, in which position he remained three years, and has also been president of the Cleveland Library Association for two years. In every instance his services have given universal satisfaction. He is not a member of any church organization, but is a constant and generous contributor to churches, schools, public institutions and charitable causes. He is a genial, whole-souled gentleman, and enjoys the affection and respect of a large circle of friends. As a citizen and a man of business he commands the confidence of all. He was married on the 6th of May, 1849, to Sarah Adams, daughter of Endor and Lydia Adams Estabrook, of West Cambridge (now Arlington), Massachusetts. To them have been born three children—two sons, and one daughter who died in infancy. The eldest, Peter, Jr., who represents the seventh generation of this name, was born on the 31st of August, 1850; John Adams, the second son, was born on the 26th of February, 1852; Annie Adams, the only daughter, was born on the 18th of March, 1855, and died February the 7th, 1857. AMOS TOWNSEND. Amos Townsend was born near Pittsburg, Pennsylvania, in 1831. His father, Aaron Townsend, was a well-to-do farmer, belonging to the Townsend family of Philadelphia. His mother was a daughter of Captain Jacob Cox, who served under Washington in the Revolutionary war. He received a good education, and when fifteen years of age entered a store near Pittsburg, in which he remained until he was nineteen. He subsequently removed to Mansfield, Ohio, and formed a partnership with N. B. Hogg, under the firm name of A. Townsend & Co., for the transaction of a general mercantile business. This firm was dissolved at the end of five years, and the business closed. During his residence in Mansfield the Kansas troubles broke out, and- a oommittee was appointed by the National House of Representatives to proceed to the scene of the disturbance, make investigation, and report the exact condition of affairs. Mr. John Sherman procured for Mr. Townsend the appointment of- marshal of the committee, and he attended it in that capacity. This position proved a dangerous as well as responsible one, but was filled in such a manner as to gain the respect and good will of both parties. In 1858 Mr. Townsend removed to Cleveland, and accepted a position in the wholesale grocery establishment of Gordon, McMillan & Co., in which he remained until 1861. He then became the junior partner in the firm of Edwards, Iddings & Co., engaged in a similar business. On the death of Mr. Iddings, in 1862, the firm became Edwards, Townsend & Co., which it still remains. The house has been very sucoessful, establishing an extensive business and a high reputation for stability and enterprise. Mr. Townsend has always taken an active interest in public an d political matters, and, although not an office seeker, has been chosen to many positions of public trust. In the spring of 1864 he was elected a member of the city council, on the Republican ticket, and was re-elected to the same position five successive terms, serving continuously for ten years. During seven years of that time he was president of the council, and during. the last three years was chosen by a unanimous vote. In the spring of 1874 he took leave of that body in an address whioh presented a clear exhibit of the progress the city had made, during the period of his connection with municipal affairs. In 1873 he was elected a member of the State constitutional convention, serving in that body on the important committees of finance, taxation and municipal affairs. He was one of the most conscientious and pains-taking members, and rendered valuable service. In October, 1876, Mr. Townsend was elected to the forty-fifth Congress, entering upon his duties in 1877. He took an active part in the business and debates of the session, serving as a member of the committee on post-offices and post-roads. The introduction and successful passage of the letter-carrier bill was mainly due to his efforts. He made an able speeoh, which attracted marked attention, on the important tariff bill introduced by Fernando Wood. He was re-elected to Congress in the fall of 1878, was appointed a member of the committee on commerce, and will undoubtedly serve in the forthcoming session with his usual vigor and ability. As a business man he is active and persevering, possessing a clear head and a sound judgment, which enable him to form a correct estimate of the men he meets, and of their aims and purposes. He belongs to that class of citizens whose services in political BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCHES - 389 affairs are so much needed, and, as experience teaches, are so difficult to obtain. During the war for the Union, he proved himself thoroughly patriotic, contributing in different ways to the support of the Union cause, and serving for a time with the First Light Artillery. In addition to his other business interests, he owns stock in several important corporations; he has been, and is, a director of the Mercantile Insurance company, and in March, 1875, was chosen a director of the Cleveland, Columbus, Cincinnati and Indianapolis railroad company. In all the varied positions he has occupied, both in public and private life, he has shown the same indomitable energy, clear judgment, thorough information and strict integrity, and he is regarded by all as an eminently successful business man and politician. OSCAR TOWNSEND. The subject of this sketch is of English ancestry, being descended from the Puritans who, as Macaulay says, "prostrated themselves in dust before their Maker, but set their feet upon the neck of their king." The following genealogy shows his lineage in this country. Samuel Townsend was born in England in 1637, and came to this country about the time (1649) when the head of Charles First was brought to the block. He settled at Lynn, Massachusetts, and died there in 1704. His son, Jonathan Townsend, was born in 1668, and died at Lynn in 1717. The son of the latter, also named Jonathan, was born in 1697, and entered Harvard College in 1712. After being graduated, he was ordained in 1719 as pastor of the Congregational church, at Needham, Massachusetts, and died there in 1762, after a pastorate of forty-three years; a length of service, especially if compared with the average modern pastorate, creditable alike to the congregation and their evidently trusted minister. His son, Samuel Townsend, great-grandfather of Oscar, was born in 1729, and died at Tyringham, Berkshire county, Massachusetts, in 1822. The son of the latter, William Townsend, a youthful soldier at the close of the Revolutionary war, was born in 1765, and died in Huron county, Ohio, in 1848. His son, Hiram Townsend, father of Oscar, was born August 31, 1798, and removed to Greenwich, Huron county, Ohio, in the spring of 1816, and there married Miss Eliza Faucher, on the 234 of April, 1823. It was no pathway of roses which opened at that time before the newly-wedded couple. They saw clearly what was before them, and entered knowingly upon a life of labor and self-denial in a region which at that-time, apart from a few small hamlets and some scattering cabins, was a dense wilderness, roamed over by wild beasts, hardly more savage than the Chippewa and Delaware Indians who occasionally visited the locality. Yet they endured with patience and fortitude all the perils and privations incident to pioneer life in the West, sustained by their mutual affection, till at last, after a long life of usefulness and self-sacrifice, Hiram Townsend passed to his rest on the 9th day of December, 1870, at the age of seventy-two, universally honored and esteemed. His widow still survives, residing in Cleveland, on the West Side. Their son, Oscar Townsend, was born at their residence in Greenwich, March 22, 1835. He was, from the very first, inured to the practical labors of farm life, labors which no doubt aided largely both in developing his present muscular and well knit frame, and in giving that practical readiness and that power of adapting means to ends, which have so thoroughly characterized him throughout his life. His educational advantages were limited to such training as the country schools of that time afforded, except during a few months in 1852, when he attended the old Prospect-street grammar school, then under the charge of Mr. L. M. Oviatt, afterwards superintendent of the Cleveland public schools and librarian of the public library, of whose attentive guidance Mr. Townsend has ever since cherished the most grateful recollections. The location of the Cleveland, Columbus and Cincinnati railroad across his father's farm, in 1848, had aroused the ambition of young Townsend, then only thirteen years old, to find a wider and more congenial sphere of action than his rural occupation had afforded. Beginning in a subordinate position on the railway just mentioned, his earnest and constant endeavor was to subserve the interest of his employes by unwearying faithfulness to every assigned duty. This trait was soon observed by those who could not only appreciate but reward it; and in the spring of 1856 young Townsend, at the age of twenty-one, through the kindness of E. S. Flint and Addison Hills, was transferred from Shelby station to the freight office at Cleveland. In April, 1862, Mr. Townsend was invited to a position in the Second National Bank of Cleveland, where he remained till 1865, when he was tendered the post of superintendent of the Empire Transportation Co., and assumed the charge of the western department of that line. The energy and aLility which had characterized Mr. Townsend in every position which he had hitherto occupied were, by this time, so fully recognized that in August, 1868, he was tendered and accepted the offices of director and vice president of the Cleveland, Columbus, Cincinnati and Indianapolis railroad. When, a few months afterwards, Mr. L. M. Hubby, the president of the company, met with an accident which disabled him from performing the duties of his position, Mr. Townsend became the acting executive officer, and in September, 1870, at the age of thirty-five, was elected president of the corporation. In this position his executive and financial abilities had a wider scope for their display than ever before, and, whatever adventitious circumstances may be claimed to have contributed to the result, Mr. Town- 390 - THE CITY OF CLEVELAND. send can certainly point to that term of five years— from 1868 to 1873—under his management, as embracing the most prosperous period in the history of the Cleveland, Columbus, Cincinnati and Indianapolis railroad. In closing his connection with the road, in 1873, Mr. Townsend carried with him a written testimonial by his successors as to the correctness of all his official transactions in behalf of the company, covering millions of dollars, from first to last, a testimonial which he prized far beyond the prestige gained while at the head of the company. After a few years of comparative leisure, improved by him in other pursuits, Mr. Townsend was tendered the position of general manager of the Cleveland, Tuscarawas Valley and Wheeling railroad company, by its board of directors, composed of such capable and successful business men as Selah Chamberlain, Amasa Stone, Dr. W. S. Streator and others, who had been associated and intimately acquainted with him for many years. This post he accepted and now occupies. He is also a part owner and the president of the Lake Superior Transportation Co., which owns several vessels employed in the iron ore trade between ports on Lake Superior and Lake Erie. Mr. Townsend was united, December 22, 1856, to Miss Elizabeth Martin, daughter of the late Thomas Martin, formerly of Huron county, Ohio, by whom he has four sons, viz: Frank M., now twenty-one years of age; Jay Frederic, nineteen; Willard H., twelve; and Oscar, Jr., five. In general personal appearance, that is, in hight, weight, massiveness of frame, and in movement, Mr. Townsend is said to resemble the late Senator Stephen A. Douglas, although their faces, as the picture shows, arc dissimilar. Mr Townsend is of medium hight, with a large, well-shaped head, abundant brown hair, well streaked with gray, dark auburn whiskers, large, blue eyes, a florid complexion, indicating a sanguine temperament, a firm, full neck, very broad shoulders, with a chest that, like Douglas', is of extraordinary size in proportion to his hight. His movements are active, and his gait is usually very rapid. He is genial and kindly in manner, readily accessihle to all, but prompt and decided when promptness and decision are necessary. He loves and attracts children, and greets acquaintances with a smiling eye and a hearty grasp of the hand. He possesses and expresses strong feelings and preferences, with sincerity, and is noted for the faithfulness wtth which he fulfills every promise, no matter how much it may prove to his own disadvantage. Although naturally modest and retiring in his disposition, yet he mingles freely in the social circle, and is ready to do his part in promoting the general enjoyment of any assemblage met for mutual entertainment. Mr. Townsend is a member of the First Baptist church of Cleveland, as are also his wife and his eldest son. He is strictly temperate in his habits, and abjures the use of alcoholic drinks and tobacco in every form, as certain to prove deleterious to health in the end. But, while thus holding his faith and moral principles, he is never intolerant of the views of others, and, as the result of his study and thought, is in full sympathy with the most enlightened science and philosophy of modern times. His hand and his heart are alike open to all proper demands, whether for the public advantage or for private unostentatious charity, tempered by a wise discrimination, which knows almost instinctively when to withhold and when to give freely. JEPTHA H. WADE. Jeptha H. Wade, whose name has been prominently connected with the telegraphic history of the West, and associated with many other important enterpises, was born in Seneca county, New York, on the 11th of August, 1811. He is a son of Jeptha Wade, a surveyor and civil engineer, and was brought up to mechanical pursuits, in which he achieved a fair amount of success. In youth he was unexcelled as a marksman, and, in the days of militia training, he was the commander of four hundred Seneca-county riflemen. They generally closed the season with target practice, and in these annual trials of skill he invariably showed his right to command by not allowing himself to be beaten. Having a taste for art, and finding his health impaired by the labors and close application consequent upon his mechanical employment, he, in 1835, turned his attention to portrait painting, and by study and conscientious devotion to the art he became very successful. While engaged in this work, in Adrian, Michigan, the use of the camera in producing portraits came into notice. He purchased a camera, and, aided only by printed directions, succeeded in taking the first daguerreotype ever taken west of New York. In 1844, while busy, with his pencil and easel, taking portraits, varying his occupation by experimenting with the camera, news came to him of the excitement created by the success of the experiment of working a telegraph line between Baltimore and Washington. He turned his attention to the new science, studied it with his accustomed patience and assiduity, mastered its details, so far as then understood, and immediately saw the advantage to the country, and the pecuniary benefit to those immediately interested, likely to accrue from the extension of the telegraph system which had just been created. He entered earnestly on the work of extending this system, and the first line west of Buffalo was built by him, between Detroit and Jackson, Michigan. The Jackson office was opened and operated by him, although he had received no practical instruction in the manipulation of the instruments. After a short interval he again entered the field of construction, and, working with untiring energy, soon covered all Ohio, and the country as far west as St. Louis, with a net work of wires known as the "Wade lines." BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCHES - 391 This was not accomplished, however, without experiencing the difficulties, annoyances and misfortunes to which all great enterprises are subject in their infancy. Ignorant employees, imperfect insulation and ruinous competition were the greatest embarrassments. But to Mr. Wade these obstacles were not insuperable and in the face of all these diffioulties he proceeded with the work of opening and operating telegraph lines.: Imperfect insulation was met by the invention of the famous " Wade insulator," which is still in use. He was the first to enclose a submarine cable in iron armor (across the Mississippi river at St. Louis), for which invention the world and its telegraph system owes him much; as it was this important discovery and improvement in their construction that made telegraph cables a success, and the crossing of oceans a possibility. The "House consolidation" placed his interests in the Erie and Michigan, and Wade lines in the hands of the Mississippi Valley Printing Telegraph Company, and before long this consolidation was followed by the union of all the House and Morse lines in the West, and the organization of the Western Union Telegraph Company soon followed. In all these acts of consolidation the influence of Mr: Wade was active and powerful. Realizing the fact that competition between short, detached lines rendered them unproductive, and that in telegraphy as in other things union is strength, he directed his energies to bringing about the consolidation, not only of the lines connecting with each other, but of rival interests. The soundness of his judgment has been proven by the remarkable prosperity of the lines since their consolidation, in marked contrast with their former condition. He was one of the originators of the first Pacific telegraph, and on the formation of the company was made its first president. The location of the line, and its construction through the immense territory, then in great part a wilderness, between Chicago and San Francisco, were left mainly to his unaided judgment and energy, and here again those qualities converted a hazardous experiment into a brilliant success. He remained president of the Pacific company until he secured its consolidation with the Western Union Telegraph Company, to accomplish which he went to California in the latter part of 1860, and succeeded in harmonizing the jarring telegraphic interests there. On the completion of this arrangement, in 1866, Mr. Wade was made president of the consolidated company, having his headquarters in New York. It is scarcely_ possible to overestimate the value of his connection with the Western Union Telegraph Company at this period of its history, especially after he became its chief executive officer. He possessed, in a superior degree, the invaluable faculty of administration and the power of clear, accurate, discriminating .systemization. He knew how to appreciate and estimate the value and force of obstacles, how to carry out by careful and prudent steps, and in well arranged detail, a fine conception, and organize it.into a permanent force. His work was done by quiet, effective, well-planned and thorough methods. At a meeting of the board of directors in July, 1867, a letter was received from Mr. Wade declining, on account of failing health, a re-election to the office of president. His withdrawal from telegraphic administration was received with general regret, and the following resolutions were passed after the election of the new board was announced : "Resolved, That, to the foresight, perseverance and tact of Mr. J. H. Wade, the former president of the company, we believe is largely due the fact of the existence of our great company to-day, with its thousand arms grasping the extremities of the continent, instead of a series of weak, unreliable lines, unsuited to public wants, and, as property, precarious and insecure; "Resolved, That we tender to Mr. Wade our congratulations on the fruition of his great work, signalized and cemented by this day's election of a board representing the now united leading telegraphic interests of the nation." The telegraph had brought to Mr. Wade vast wealth, but it had also brought him into a state of health which imperiled its enjoyment. To dismiss care he sold out his entire telegraphic interests, and in travel and in the enjoyment of his home in Cleveland, which he provided with every appliance of art and taste and comfort, gave himself up to needed rest and recuperation. On his restoration of health, which followed a judicious respite from labor, he entered into many spheres of active life. The wealth he has accumulated is mostly invested in such a manner as to largely aid in building up the prosperity of Cleveland. The large and pleasant tract of land in the seventeenth ward, adjoining Euclid avenue, known as " Wade Park," was beautified at his own expense for the enjoyment of the public. At thc organization of the Citizen's Savings and Loan Association, of Cleveland, in 1867, he was elected its president, and still retains that office. He is the originator and president of the Lake View Cemetery Association. As a leading director in many of the largest factories, banks, railroads and public institutions, his clear head and active judgment are highly valued. He is a director of the Second National Bank, of Cleveland; a director of the Cleveland Rolling Mills, Cleveland Iron Company and Union Steel Screw Company, and the president of the American Sheet and Boiler Plate Company, and of the Chicago and Atchison Bridge Company, of Kansas. He is also a director in three railroad companies, and the president of the Kalamazoo, Allegan and Grand Rapids, and Cincinnati, Wabash and Michigan railroads. He is, besides, president of the Valley railroad, running from Cleveland toward the coal fields of Ohio. This will be a valuable acquisition to the interests of Cleveland, and under the management of Mr. Wade will be promptly carried forward. 392 - THE CITY OF CLEVELAND The Valley railroad was projected previous to the panic of 1873, which put a stop to it. As the times began to improve, vigorous efforts were made to carry it forward, which met with but little success until the summer of 1878. The importance of this road was strongly advocated by the newspapers, meetings of the citizens were held and a general interest awakened. Under this impetus the road was put under contract, and considerable progress was made in the work, when it was checked by a controversy between the contractors and the company. Before this a contract had been made by the city of Cleveland with the Valley railroad for the transfer to the company of that portion of the bed of the Ohio canal sold tip the city by the State, which would give the railroad the most favorable entrance into the city and access to shipping facilities on the lake. The terms of this contract had not been complied with, and its abrogation by the city was threatened. At this juncture the management of the Valley railroad succeeded in effecting a negotiation with capitalists for the amount necessary to complete and equip the road, but the parties who agreed to lend the money demanded as a condition that Mr. Wade should become the president. Mr. Wade took the matter into consideration, and announced his willingness to assume the position if the canal-bed negotiation could be satisfactorily adjusted without a lawsuit with the city, to which he was utterly averse. The city council met the difficulty by a resolution authorizing the mayor to make and sign a new contract, on terms satisfactory to Mr. Wade and the Valley railroad company. The company was reorganized, with Mr. Wade at its head, the difficulties with the contractors were satisfactorily adjusted, work was renewed and the road will be completed by the end of the present year (1879). In addition to his other manifold duties Mr. Wade has been appointed by the citizens of Cleveland as commissioner of the city sinking-fund, park commissioner and director of the Workhouse and House of Refuge. For several years he was vice president of the Homoeopathic hospital, to aid which he has contributed freely. He is one of the trustees of the Cleveland Protestant Orphan Asylum, and is now building for that purpose, at his own expense, a magnificent fireproof building, sufficiently large to accommodate from one hundred to one hundred and fifty children. This building is located on St. Clair street, and will be completed in a few months. Mr. Wade has also contributed freely to many other charitable causes and objects. He is now in the zenith of his power, and is universally beloved by the people of the beautiful city which he has made his home, and which he has done so much to enlarge and adorn, and by the many recipients of his unostentatious charities. SAMUEL WILLIAMSON. The subject of this sketch was born in Crawford county, Pennsylvania, on the 16th of March, 1808. He is the eldest son of Samuel Williamson, who was born in Cumberland county, Pennsylvania, and removed to Crawford county about the year 1800. During his residence in that county he was married to Isabella McQueen, by whom he had a family of seven children. On the tenth of May, 1810, he removed to Cleveland, Ohio, where, in connection with his brother, he carried on the business of tanning and currying, which he continued until his death, which occurred in September, 1834. He was a man of enterprise and public spirit, highly esteemed as a citizen, liberal in politics, and for many years justice of the peace and associate judge of the court of common pleas. Samuel Williamson was but two years of age when he came, with his parents, to Cleveland. When he attained a suitable age he was sent to the public schools, which he attended until 1826, and then entered Jefferson College, in Washington county, Pennsylvania. He graduated from that institution in 1829, and, returning to Cleveland, entered the office of Judge Andrews, with whom he read law for two years. In 1832 he was admitted to the bar, and immediately commenced the practice of his profession in connection with Leonard Case, with whom he was associated until 1834, when he was elected to the position of auditor of Cuyahoga county. He remained in that office for a period of eight years, at the expiration of which he returned to the practice of law. This he continued with slight interruptions until 1872, when he retired from its activities to the enjoyment of a well-earned leisure. During these years his time was not, however, wholly engrossed by his professional interests. He was elected to a number of responsible positions of public trust, and discharged the duties pertaining to them with unvarying fidelity and marked ability. In 1850 he was chosen to represent the county in the legislature; in 1859—'60 he was a member of the board of equalization, and in the fall of 1862 was elected to the State senate, in which he served two terms. He rendered valuable service as a member of the city council and of the board of education, being active in promoting public improvements and educational institutions. He was a director of the Cleveland and Columbus railroad, and for two years held the office of prosecuting attorney. He is now president of the Cleveland Society for Savings, one of the largest and best conducted associations of this kind in the West, having a deposit of over $8,000,000. Throughout his professional career he maintained a high rank at the bar of Cuyahoga county, and while he had a wide and varied experience in every branch of legal practice he was particularly successful as prosecutor's counsel, and was extensively employed in the settlement of estates. BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCHES - 393 In all the phases of his career and life he has been thoroughly upright, and well deserves the high respect and esteem in which he is held by all who know him. HIRAM V. WILLSON. This gentleman, an eminent lawyer and jurist, and the first judge of the United States Court for the Northern District of Ohio, was born in April, 1808, in Madison county, New York. He was educated at Hamilton College, graduating from that institution in 1832. Immediately afterward he commenced the study of law in the office of Hon. Jared Willson, of Canandaigua, New York. Subsequently his legal studies were continued in Washington, D. C., in the office of Francis S. Key, and, for a time, he taught in a classical school in the Shenandoah valley. During his early studies he acquired the familiarity with legal text books and reports which in afterlife became of great service to him. Throughout his collegiate course, and during his law apprenticeship, he maintained a close intimacy with the Hon. Henry B. Payne, then a young man of about his own age. In 1833 he removed to Painesville, Ohio, but soon proceeded to Cleveland, where he formed a law partnership with his friend, H. B. Payne. They commenoed business under the most disadvantageous circumstances, being almost destitute of means in a land of strangers. They, however, met with encouragement from some of the older members of the profession, and in a short time established their reputation as able and rising lawyers. After a few years years Mr. Payne withdrew from the firm, and it became successively Willson, Wade & Hitchcock and Willson, Wade & Wade. By these partnerships even the extensive business and high reputation of the old firm were much increased. In 1852 Mr. Willson was the Democratic candidate for Congress against William Case on the Whig, and Edward Wade on the Free Soil ticket. In this contest Mr Wade was successful, but Mr. Willson received a heavy vote. In the winter of 1854 he was selected by the Cleveland bar to labor in behalf of a bill to divide the State of Ohio, for Federal judicial purposes, into two districts. After a sharp struggle the bill was successful—mainly through his efforts-and the United States District Court for the Northern District of Ohio was formed. In March, 1855, President Pierce appointed Mr. Willson judge of the court just authorized; an act which was received with general satisfaction by the members of the bar. Until the time of his appointment he had been a strong political partisan, but in becoming a judge he ceased to be a politician, and to the time of his death never allowed political or personal motives to affect his decisions. He proved himself an upright judge, whose decisions were based entirely on the facts of the case and its legal and constitutional bearings. The new court did not lack for business. In addition to the ordinary civil and criminal cases, the location of the court on the lake border brought it a large number of admiralty suits. Many of his decisions in these cases were regarded as models of lucid statement and furnished valuable precedents. Among the most noteworthy of his decisions in admiralty was one regarding maritime liens, in which he held that the maritime lien of men for wages, and of dealers for supplies, is a proprietary interest in the vessel itself, and cannot be divested by the acts of the owner or by any casualty until the claim is paid, and that such lien inheres to the ship and all her parts, wherever found, and whoever may be her owner. In the case of L. Wick vs. the schooner "Samuel Strong," which came up in 1855, Judge Willson reviewed the history and intent of the commoncarrier act of Ohio, in an opinion of much interest. In other cases he supported his decisions by citing precedents of the English and American courts for several centuries. A very important case was what is known in the legal history of Cleveland as the "Bridge Case" in which the questions to be decided were the legislative authority of the city to bridge the river, and whether the bridge would be a nuisance, damaging the complainant's private property. Judge Willson's decision, granting a preliminary injunction until further evidence could be taken, was a thorough review of the law relating to water highways and their obstructions. In the case of Hoag vs. the propeller " Cataract" the law of collision was clearly set forth. In 1860, important decisions were made in respect to the extent of United tates jurisdiction on the West. ern lakes and rivers. It was decided, and the decision was supported by voluminous precedents, that the admiralty and maritime jurisdiction possessed by the district courts of the United States, on the Western lakes and rivers, under the constitution and the act of 1789, was independent of the act of 1845, and unaffected thereby; and also that the district courts of the United States having, under the Constitution and the acts of Congress, exclusive original cognizance of all civil causes of admiralty and maritime jurisdiction, the courts of common law are precluded from proceeding in rem to enforce such maritime claims. In a criminal case the question was whether the action of a grand jury was legal in returning a bill of indictment found by only fourteen members of the jury, the fifteenth member being absent and taking no part in the proceedings. After reviewing the matter at length and citing numerous precedents, Judge Willson pronounced the action legal. In 1858 the historical Oberlin-Wellington rescue case came before him, a case growing out of a violation of the fugitive slave law by certain professors and leading men of Oberlin College and town, who had rescued a slave captured in Ohio and being taken back to Kentucky under the provisions of that law. Indictments were found against the leading res- 394 - THE CITY OF CLEVELAND. cuers, and their trial caused great excitement. They were convicted, fined and imprisoned. The result caused a monster demonstration against the fugitive slave law, which was held in the public square, midway between the court-house and the jail. In this trying time Judge Willson remained calm and dispassionate, his charges merely pointing out the provisions of the law, and the necessity of obeying it, no matter how irksome such obedience, until it was repealed, During the excitement caused by the John Brown raid, and afterward on the breaking out of the rebellion, he defined the law in regard to conspiracy and treason, drawing with nice distinction the line between a meeting for the expression of opinions hostile to the government, and a gathering for violently opposing or overthrowing the government. At the January term in 1864 he delivered an admirable charge, in which he discussed the questions arising from the then recent act of Congress, authorizing a draft under the direction of the President, without the intervention of the State authorities, and conclusively established the constitutional validity of the act in question. The judicial administration of Judge Willson was noticeable for its connection with events of national importance, and our limited space will allow us to quote but few of the important cases which came before his court. And here it should again be repeated that in all his conduct on the bench he was entirely free from personal or party predelictions. In 1865 his health began to fail and symptoms of consumption appeared. He yielded at last to the persuasions of his friends to seek the restoration of his health in a milder climate, and, upon the approach of the winter, visited New Orleans and the West Indies. The weather proved unusually severe for those latitudes and he returned without benefit from the trip. He gradually sank under the attacks of the fell disease, and died on the evening of the 11th of November, 1866. A few hours before his death he suffered much, but he became easier and passed away without 'a struggle. Some months before he had been received as a member of the Presbyterian Church, of which he had long been a member and an active supporter. On the announcement of his death the members of the Cleveland bar immediately assembled, and all vied with each other in rendering testimony to the integrity, ability and moral worth of the deceased. The bar meeting unanimously adopted resolutions of respect, in which he was truthfully described as "a learned, upright and fearless judge, ever doing right and equity among the suitors of his court, fearing only the errors and mistakes to which fallible human judgment is liable." Not a word of censure was breathed against any one of his acts, and tributes of heartfelt commendation of his life, and sorrow for his loss were laid on his grave by men of all parties and shades of opinion. He was married, in 1835, to the widow of Mr. Ten Eyck, of Detroit, Michigan, who survived him. He also left a daughter, Mrs. Chamberlain. RUFUS KING WINSLOW. Richard Winslow was a direct descendant from Kendm Winslow, brother of Governor Edward Winslow, of Plymouth Colony, and one of the Mayflower Pilgrims. He was born in Falmouth, Maine, on the 6th of September, 1769. He left that State in 1812, and removed to North Carolina, where be established himself at Ocracoke. He became largely interested in the commerce of that place, both by sea and by land. In May, 1831, he arrived with his family in Cleveland, determined on investigating the chances which were then attracting considerable attention. He invested his capital in mercantile and shipping interests, and in addition became agent for a line of vesels between Buffalo and Cleveland, and also of a line of boats on the Ohio canal. His first venture as a ship-owner was the brig "North Carolina," built for him in Black River. He afterwards became interested in the steamer " Bunker Hill," of four hundred and fifty-six tons, which at that time was considered a very large size. These were the forerunners of a long line of sail and steam vessels, built for or purchased by him, alone or in connection with his sons, who became partners with him in the business. The Winslows became widely and favorably known and ranked among the foremost ship-owners on the western lakes. In 1854 Mr. Winslow retired, leaving his interest to be carried on by his sons, who inherited his business tastes and abilities. For twenty-five years he had been in active business on the lakes, but he was destined to enjoy his retirement only for the short space of three years. In 1857 be met with an accident which seriously affected a leg he had injured years before, and resulted in his death, he being in the eighty-eighth year of his age. Throughout his long and active life he enjoyed the respect of all with whom he was brought in contact, whether in business or social relations. He was a gentleman in the highest sense of the word, warm and impulsive in his nature, courteous to every one and strongly attached to those he found worthy of his friendship. In business he was quick to perceive and prompt to act, but was free from the least suspicion of meanness or duplicity. As a citizen he took a deep interest in public affairs, but was not a politician and neither sought nor desired public office of any kind. He was married to Miss Mary Nash Grandy, of Camden, North Carolina. By this union he had eleven children, of whom N. C., H. J., R. K. and Edward survived him. Mrs. Winslow died in October, 1858, having outlived her husband a little over one year. His son, Rufus King Winslow, was born in Ocracoke, North Carolina. He came with the family to Cleve- BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCHES - 395 land in 1831, and was educated at the old Cleveland academy. When he reached his majority he became associated with his brothers, N. C. and H. J. Winslow, in the shipping business, their father being, as already stated, a large owner of vessels on the lakes. The family had, indeed, from their first arrival in Cleveland, been among the foremost, if not at the head of all, in the ownership of vessels; they having a large fleet of ships always on the lakes. In 1854, when the father retired from active business, the management of the family's interests devolved upon Rufus K. and his brothers. Upon the death of their father in 1857, the business was left wholly to them. It has since that time been successfully carried on, he remaining in Cleveland, whilst one brother settled in Buffalo 'and the other in Chicago. In 1859 and 1860 they dispatched some vessels to the 'Black Sea, but most of their operations have been confined to the lakes, on which they are still extensively engaged. Mr. Winslow is also a large real estate owner, and although an enterprising and public-spirited citizen, has avoided political life, having invariably declined to accept positions of public trust. During the rebellion he was an active and liberal supporter of the Union. He is deeply interested in scientific pursuits, and for many years has been a devoted student of ornithology. In 1873 he was elected president of the Kirtland Academy of Natural Sciences, of which he had for a number of years been an active member. He is well known as a skillful connoisseur in paintings, and a liberal patron of art in all its branches. He has never sought notoriety of any description, and is seldom seen at public gatherings. When occasion demanded it, however, he has always been found ready to take an active part in works of benevolence or public enterprise. He is a member of the Western Reserve Historical Society, and has ever been an earnest supporter of educational interests. His sound judgment and correct taste have frequently rendered good service in devising and carrying out plans for charitable or other purposes. He was married in 1851 to Miss Lucy B. Clark, daughter of Dr. W. A. Clark, of Cleveland. REUBEN WOOD. This early lawyer and statesman of Cleveland was born in the year 1792, in the county of Rutland, and State of Vermont. Brought up on a farm, he acquired sufficient education to teach school during the winter months, and made this the stepping stone to higher acquirements. Finding special facilities in Canada he went over the line to prosecute his studies, but was compelled to return by the breaking out of the war of 1812. Having already begun the study of the law, he completed it with Gen. Clark, a prominent lawyer of Middletown, Vermont, and obtained admission to the bar. In the year 1818 he was married, and immediately afterward removed to Cleveland, then a small but promising village, closely surrounded by woods. His only rival there in the legal profession was Alfred Kelley, except Leonard Case, who paid little attention to law except in connection with land. Mr. Wood being a wide-awake, energetic man, well suited to the western country, soon obtained a good practice, in which he was actively engaged for twelve years. His characteristics as a lawyer have been mentioned in the chapter devoted to the early bar of Cleveland. His practice was somewhat interrupted by his election to the State senate in 1825, a position to which he was twice re-elected. In 1830 Mr. Wood was elected by the legislature president judge of the third judicial circuit. • He was, as described by an old lawyer, especially good as a nisi prigs judge—that is, in presiding over the trial of suits—his quick, active mind enabling him to catch easily the main points of a case, to understand readily the bearing of evidence, and to appreciate off-hand the points of a lawyer's argument. In 1833 he was elected a judge of the supreme court of the State, and at the end of his term, he was re-elected. For the last three years of his second term he was the chief justice of the court. Judge Wood was elected governor of Ohio in 1850 by the Democratic party, by a majority of over eleven thousand. His official term was brought to a close within a year by the adoption of the new constitution, but in the autumn of 1851 he was a candidate for election under that instrument, and was chosen by a majority of about twenty-six thousand. During both terms he served to the satisfaction of the people, and obtained a wide reputation for ability. When it was found impracticable, at the Democratic National convention of 1852, to nominate one of the leading candidates for the Presidency, Gov. Wood was strongly talked of as a compromise candidate. The position, however, was finally assigned to Franklin Pierce, of New Hampshire. After the expiration of Gov. Wood's gubernatorial career he was appointed, in 1853, by President Pierce, as consul at Valparaiso, in the republic of Chili. While there he acted for a short time as minister to Chili. On his return he retired to a farm in the township of Rockport, where he resided until his death, which occurred on the 2d day of October, 1864, he being then seventy-two years old. The characteristics of Mr. Wood's mind were quickness, promptness, acuteness and thorough knowledge of human nature; all qualities especially calculated to promote his success in a new, wide-awake, go-ahead country. TIMOTHY DOANE CROCKER. Timothy Doane Crocker, a lawyer and capitalist of Cleveland, is descended on the paternal side through J. Davis Crocker, formerly of Lee, Massachusetts, in a direct line from the Crockers who settled at Cape Cod, shortly after the landing of the Pilgrim fathers 396 - THE CITY OF CLEVELAND. upon Plymouth Rock. His mother is a daughter of Judge Timothy Doane, a native of Haddam, Connecticut. The old Doane mansion is still standing, the ancient frescoes of which represent scenes familiar to the patriots of the Revolutionary days. One of Mr. Crocker's name-a historical character-was a captain in the British navy before the Revolution, and was at one time governor of Long Island, under British rule. Mr. Crocker's paternal grandfather was a prominent citizen of Lee, where he owned an extensive landed property. Being urged by his pastor, Dr. Hyde, and others, to head a colony of immigrants to Ohio, he consented to do so. Before leaving for the new settlement the colony organized a church, and he was chosen one of the officers. He traveled to Ohio in 1811 in his own private carriage, which was said to be the first pleasure carriage driven through to the Reserve. He purchased large tracts of land in Euclid and Dover townships, the village of Collinwood being now situated on a portion of the former tract, which was extensive and valuable, reaching to the lake, and as far west as the Coit farm. Although quite young at the time of the Revolution, this gentleman was in the military service before its close, and was on General Washington's staff. After the passage of the net giving pensions to those who survived the war, he was urged by his friends to apply for one. His reply was: " I would never be guilty of receiving reward for services rendered my_ country in time of peril and need." He was a gentleman. of sterling qualities of head and heart, unblemished integrity, well informed, and one whose advice was sought from far and near. In this connection it is worthy of note that no representative of that branch of the family was ever known to be a drunkard, although in early times a sideboard was esteemed a household necessity. The father of the subject of this sketch, who was quite young when the family came to Ohio, possessed then, to a large degree, his father's superior qualities. He had four children-Sarah, who married Rev. E. Adams, an Episcopal clergyman, (of the family of John Adams, of Massachusetts); Mary, who married Judge P. H. Smythe of Burlington, Iowa (a descendant of the Patrick Henry family of Virginia); Timothy Doane; and Davis J., a lawyer, of Chicago. The heads of the family of Mr. T. D. Crocker's mother, on the paternal side, were, for at least three generations, sea captains, owning the vessels they commanded, and trading to the Indies. John Doane, the founder of the family in this country, crossed the Atlantic in one of the first three vessels that sailed to Plymouth. He was prominent in the affairs of the colony, and in 1633 was chosen assistant to Governor Winslow. Subsequently he was one of the commissioners chosen to revise the laws; in 1642 he was again chosen to be Governor Winslow's assistant, and for several years he was selected as a deputy in the colony court. Judge Timothy Doane moved from Connecticut to Herkimer county, New York, about 1794. In 1801 he migrated to Euclid, now East Cleveland, in this county. With his family he made the journey from Buffalo to Cleveland in an open boat rowed by Indians, landing where night overtook them, only to resume their travels the following day. Near Grand river they saw a storm approaching and attempted to land, but their boat was swamped. All were saved, however, and Mr. Doane and his family continued their journey to Cleveland on horseback along the Indian trail. At this period the mother of the subject of our sketch was five years old, and at the present time (September, 1879,) is still living, in the full possession of her faculties, and thoroughly familiar with the growth and development of the country, especially in northern Ohio. During the war of 1812, and, later, during the rebellion of 1861-65, she was very active in giving aid and comfort to the sick and wounded soldiers, and good cheer to those in health. She is a woman of liberal and intelligent views, accomplished, and beloved by all who know her. At the period of Judge Doane's advent, there were but three log houses where now stands the beautiful city of Cleveland. West of the Cuyahoga was Indian territory, and Judge Doane found the Indians to be peaceable and good neighbors. They were always received at his house as friends, and on many a night, Indianlike, they would wrap themselves in their blankets and sleep around the Judge's cheerful fire. In appreciation of his kindness they would frequently present him with some of the best venison or fish which their skill could procure. During the first year of his administration the first governor of Ohio appointed Judge Doane to be a justice of the peace. The original commission is now in possession of Timothy Doane Crocker, and reads as follows: EDWARD TIFFIN, Governor, in the name and by the authority of the tate of Ohio: To all who shall see these presents, Greeting: Know ye, that we have assigned and constituted, and do by these presents constitute and appoint, Timothy Doane, Justice of the Peace for Cleveland Township, in the county of Trumbull, agreeably to the laws, statutes and ordinances in such case made and provided, with all the privileges, emoluments, etc., for three years from the date hereof, and until a successor shall be chosen and qualified. In witness whereof, the said Edward Tiffin, Governor of the State of Ohio, hath caused the seal of the said State to be hereunto affixed, at Chillicothe, the 14th day of July, in the year of our Lord, 1803, and of the independence of the State of Ohio, the first. By the Governor, EDWARD TIFFIN. WM. CREIGHTON, JR., Secretary of State. [L.S.] (Private seal. The State seal being not yet procured.) Subsequently Judge Doane served as associate judge for many years. At an early age, Timothy Doane Crocker exhibited those traits of character-energy, integrity and perseveranoe-which proved the beacon lights in his after BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCHES - 397 career. In his youth he worked on his father's farm during the springs, summers and autumns, and in the winters attended a district school. He early showed especial facility in mathematics, and when only thirteen was a thorough arithmetician, being able to solve mentally many of the most difficult arithmetical problems. From the district school lie went to Twinsburg academy, where his expenses were defrayed by the manual labor he performed, and where, by habits of industry, he undoubtedly laid the foundation of his successful hfe. Subsequently he attended Shaw academy and afterward entered Western Reserve College, where he paid the most of his expenses by his own labor. He was graduated in June, 1843, taking high rank both in scholarship and deportment—no unfavorable "mark" having been recorded against him. In the fall of 1843, in which year his father died, lie became principal of a select school near Bowling Green, Kentucky, prosecuting assiduously, at the same time, his classical and other studies. During his two years and a half stay at Bowling Green, he developed a high order of talent as an educator and disciplinarian. On his return to Cleveland in 1846, he read law in the office of Allen & Stetson for a few months, and then entered the law school of Harvard University, from which he was graduated in 1848; having previously—in 1847—been admitted to practice at the Middlesex (Massachusetts,) bar, after a severe examination in open court by Chief Justice Wilds. He returned to Cleveland the same year, and in November again left home—this time for Burlington, Iowa—spending the winter in the office of Grimes & Starr. In March, 1849, he opened an office, and was engaged in active practice until 1864. lie distinguished himself as counsel in many important cases, in which some of the best legal talent in the State was opposed to him. His practice rapidly increased until it became worth ten thousand dollars a year; an exceedingly large one in a city of the size of Burlington, and one of the largest in the State of Iowa. He invested his professional gains in land, becoming a large landholder in Iowa, Missouri, Illinois, Michigan, Pennsylvania and Ohio, and this real estate has now increased very greatly in value. Mr. Crocker was also attorney for the Chicago, Burlington and Quincy railroad company from the time that it broke ground on the east side of the Mississippi. He became interested in other railroads as well as in plank- roads in that section, and was a stockholder and director in the Burlington Bank. The health of his wife demanding a change of residence, he removed his family to Cleveland in 1860. Since closing his legal business (about 1864) the care of his estate has required all the attention he could give to business matters. He has, however, been prominent in the support of benevolent institutions, and in the promotion of religious education. He was president for several years of the Sabbath School Union, and superintendent for ten years of the Mis sion Sabbath School of the First Presbyterian Church, of Cleveland, of which latter body he was a member. The school had but eighty pupils when he took charge of it, while at the time of his resignation there were one thousand enrolled, seven hundred of whom were regular attendants. He is one of the trustees of the Western Reserve College, at Hudson, (in aid of which he has given ten thousand dollars), and of Mount Union College, of Alliance, Ohio, in which latter institution he is also the lecturer on political economy and commercial and international law. Mr. Crocker has ever eschewed politics so far as seeking political preferment is concerned. In Iowa he was often solicited to be a candidate for judge of the district court, but declined the honor. During the war for the Union lie devoted much time and money to the national cause, and rendered valuable service to the Christian Commission on the Potomac. His success in life has been due not only to great industry and energy but to a peculiar and intuitive faculty of seizing the right opportunity at the right moment, together with the foresight to determine accurately the probable results of an undertaking. Mr. Crocker is one of the few representative men of Cleveland who are natives of Cuyahoga county. He was married in September, 1853, to Eliza P., only daughter of the late Wm. A. Olis, Esq., of Cleveland and has had five children; three sons and two daughters. RUFUS P. RANNEY. The subject of this sketch has been a resident of the city of Cleveland for the last twenty-one years. He was born in Hampden county, Massachusetts, October 30, 1813. His father, who was a farmer of moderate means in that rugged region, having exchanged his land for a larger tract in the West, removed with a large family in the fall of 1824 to what was afterwards known as Freedom, in the county of Portage, in this State, and erected a log hnt near the center of a nearly unbroken forest of about seven miles square, without roads, schools or churches, and still filled with wild beasts, including the bear and wolf, in such numbers as to make the rearing of domestic animals next to impossible. It is needless to say that such a state of things must be attended with many privations, and, for those who had nothing but wild land, the provision of food and clothing became a consideration of the first necessity. To secure these, the land must be cleared of the heavy timber upon it, and to this very hard labor, for a growing boy, Rufus P. devoted himself for the next six years, with only one winter's schooling in a neighboring town during the period. This course of life then began to tell on his health, and an irresistible desire to acquire some education ensued; which his parents warmly seconded by their wishes, although 398 - THE CITY OF CLEVELAND. they were ignorant of the way to accomplish it, and without the means to furnish any considerable aid. But the departure was to be made, and, having no reliance but upon his ax, he chopped cord-wood for a merchant to pay for a Latin dictionary, a Virgil and a razor—this being an implement his age began to demand, while the others, he was told, were necessary to commence a literary career. Thus prepared, he commenced study with Dr. Bassett, of Nelson, who taught an academy part of the year and gave private instruction the residue. After staying a considerable time with him and contracting a very strong attachment for him, he pursued his studies at the Western Reserve College, supporting himself during this period by frequent intervals of manual labor, and by teaching two terms, the first in a district in Hiram, where Mormonism first broke out in the West, and the last in the academy building in Nelson formerly occupied by Dr. Bassett. At the end of this term, in the spring of 1834, when he was preparing to return to Hudson, a mere accident, without previous thought or calculation, ended his plan of completing a classical education, determined his profession and settled the course of his whole life. Accidentally meeting an old college friend who was designed for the bar, and who had been a year with Joshua R. Giddings and Benjamin F. Wade (who have since acquired such marked distinction) his friend advised him to give up the college, and go back with him to Ashtabula county and read law. He received the proposal with the utmost astonishment, knowing absolutely nothing of courts, law or lawyers; but having a vague idea that a college graduation was indispensable to such an undertaking. His friend knew how to correct this impression, and so effectually to remove other objections that a single night's reflection decided him to go to what then seemed a distant point, where he had never been, and where he knew no one, having until the day before never heard even the names of the lawyers whose office he proposed to enter. His reception and treatment were, however, such as to make the two and a half years ensuing the most enjoyable and profitable of his life, and resulted in the formation of personal friendships between him and his instructors and fellow students which no subsequent events ever impaired. The study of jurisprudence as a science was so exactly suited to his tastes that a constant incentive existed to master its fundamental principles, which he accomplished so thoroughly as to account for the ease and readiness with which he has ever used them. In the fall of 1836 he was admitted to the bar of the supreme court, and soon after located at Warren, in the then large county of Trumbull, where he commenced practice alone. But in the course of the ensuing winter, the firm of Giddings & Wade heing dissolved and Mr. 'Giddings elected to Congress, at the earnest request of his old preceptor, Mr. Wade, he returned to Jefferson and formed with him the partnership of Wade & Ranney, which lasted for ten years, and until Mr. Wade was elected a judge of the court of common pleas. During this period he married a daughter of Judge Jonathan Warner, and in 1845 he took up his residence again in Warren. The firm of Wade & Ranney was rather noted for the extent of its business than for the gains from it, and at its conclusion, such was the confidence of the partners in each other, its affairs were settled by simply passing mutual receipts. In addition to the heavy labor which their practice imposed, neither of the partners neglected the interests of the political party to which they respectively belonged. The junior, from his majority, was an ardent Democrat of the Jefferson and Jackson school, and without a thought for his personal interests or prospects he cast his lot with the small minority then comprising the party in this part of the State, and at once became one of the leading advocates of its doctrines. Without any hope of local preferment, it was nevertheless a settled principle with the leaders that in aid of the general State ticket the best local nominations should be made, and that those who urged others to stand by the cause should, without a murmur, take such positions as their associates assigned them. In accordance with this idea, Mr. Ranney was first nominated for the State senate, but was obliged to decline because he was not of an age to be constitutionally eligible. He was three times a candidate for Congress; once in 1842 in the Ashtabula district, then including this county and Geauga; and in 1846 and 1848 in the Trumbull district, which embraced also the counties of Portage and Summit. But his exertions were not limited to law and politics. Conscious of the deficiency of his general education, he resolved to supply it so far as possible by individual exertion. While he was yet a student, availing himself of the aid of a French scholar and his books, he had commenced the study of that language, and from that day to this. has constantly read a French newspaper, and the solid literary and scientific productions of French authors, including the Code Napoleon and the commentaries upon it, in the language in which they were composed. After the dissolution of the firm of Wade & Ranney he continued the practice alone until 1850, and in the spring of that year, in connection with the late Judge Peter Hitchcock and Jacob Perkins, he was elected; by a large majority, a member from the counties of Trumbull and Geauga of the convention called to revise the constitution of the State. In that convention, comprising, as is well known, a very ahle body of men, he served upon the judiciary committee, and was chairman of the committee on revision, to which the phraseology and arrangement of the whole instrument was committed. He took a very active part in the debates upon most of the important questions considered, and may be said to have done as much as any one to impress upon the instrument those popu- BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCHES - 399 lar features which have ever since made it acceptable to the people of the State. Immediately after the adjournment of the convention, in the spring of 1851, when he had just returned to his neglected practice, and without any previous knowledge on his part that a vacancy existed, he learned of his election, by the legislature then in session, as a judge of the supreme court of the State, at the same joint session at which his old preceptor and partner was first elected to the United States Senate. The new constitution being afterwards adopted by the people, he was elected to the same position, in the fall of the same year, by a majority of over forty thousand votes, and continued to discharge its duties, both in the district and supreme courts, until shortly before the expiration of his term, in the winter of 1856, when he resigned. He soon after associated himself with F. T. Backus and C. W. Noble in the practice of law in Cleveland, and about the same time was appointed, by the President, United States attorney for this district; but as the appointment, which had been wholly unsolicited, proved to be too much in the way of his more important civil business and not suited to his tastes, he resigned it a few months afterward. Nothing further occurred to interfere with the large and increasing business of his firm until 1859, when the State convention of his party unanimously and very unexpectedly placed him in nomination for governor. The canvass was a very spirited one, and was attended with the unusual feature of a joint discussion between him and his competitor at many of the important points in the State; but the Republican party retained its ascendancy, and he was defeated. On the breaking out of the civil war, which he did everything in his power to avert, he became satisfied that arms must settle the conflict, and that the preservation of the Union depended upon making it as short and decisive as possible; and to this end, in the spring of 1862, he readily accepted the invitation of - Governor Tod, and, in connection with Hon. Thomas Ewing and Samuel Galloway, addressed the people at several points in the middle and southern portions of the State, to encourage enlistments. In the same year he and his partner, Mr. Backus, were nominated as opposing candidates for the supreme bench. Not desiring the place, and having a very high opinion of the qualifications of Mr. Backus for it, he declined the nomination, but his party not acquiescing his name was kept upon the ticket, and in the fall he found himself again elected to the position. He took his seat and remained two years, when, convinced that duty to his family required it, he very reluctantly resigned, resolved to devote himself exclusively to his profession, to which resolution he has steadily adhered; holding no public position in the time, except that of president of the State board of Centennial managers, for the Philadelphia exposition. The result has been that, in addition to his large practice in the courts of his own State, his engagements in important cases have extended into several other States, and into all the courts, State and Federal, where such cases are disposed of ; and, while he is very far from having amassed a fortune, he has so far succeeded, without ever embarking in any speculation, and from the avails of his labor alone, as to have acquired a competency, which with his disregard of all show, and his economical habits, places him in a position of complete independence. Of one so well known as he is, but little need be added. That he has discharged the duties of every position in which he has been placed with distinguished ability and strict integrity, no one that has ever known him well will deny. As an advocate and jurist he has had very few if any superiors among his contemporaries, while his recorded judicial opinions upon many great questions that arose during his service upon the bench are conceded to be models of clearness, learning and force, and especially distinguished for the broad and comprehensive principles upon which his reasoning is generally founded. In the very best sense of ,the words, he is a specimen of a self-made man; and his history furnishes additional evidence that integrity of purpose, when coupled with perseverance and assiduous labor, will overcome all the difficulties which may beset the path of the young American, and enable him to fully fit himself for honorable and useful positions in society.