(RETURN TO THE TITLE PAGE) MIDDLEBURG - 475 but to the "Berea stone," the fame of which has spread over half the continent. Mr. Sheldon was the first postmaster. After the failure of the "community," Messrs. Sheldon and Gilruth remained and established a high school, which they called "Berea Lyceum." In connection therewith a village was laid out which was originally called "Lyceum Village." It retained that name, at least on the plats (one of which is now in possession of Mr. Patterson) as late as 1841. There was a Lyceum Village stock company, in the name of which the enterprise was carried on, and which gave deeds of the lots. As, however, the post office was named Berea, which was a much more convenient designation than Lyceum Village, the former appellation gained, ground on the latter, and was generally adopted by the people of the township , as the name of the village. Alfred Holbrook was invited by Mr. Sheldon to take charge of the lyceum, and conducted it several years. It went down, however, before 1845. A somewhat peculiar institution—to be established almost in the woods—was the "globe-factory" of Josiah Holbrook. In it was manufactured all kinds of school apparatus, such as globes, cubes, cabinets for specimens, etc. Mr. Holbrook built up a large business, and at one time employed ten or twelve men. The factory remained until 1852. Turning to other quarters, we find that while "communities," lyceums, etc., attracted attention on the banks of Rocky river, there was still a flourishing community of wild cats, and a nightly lyceum of wolves, in the northern part of the township. As late as 1838, Mrs. Fowls mentions being awakened by the awful bleating of a pet calf only a short distance from the house. Her father went out and fired his gun, when the bleating ceased. A lantern being lighted, the calf was found badly mangled by wolves, which had audaciously ventured into the immediate vicinity of a house in search of prey. It was about the same time that the last bear was killed in the township, according to Mr. S. A. Fowls, the slayer being a man named Doty, who lived or the turnpike. Wolves were occasionally seen still later, and in 1842 three large timber-wolves came into the Middleburg swamp from the west. They remained there and in the adjoining woods a year and a half, defying all attempts to destroy them, and killing many sheep for the neighboring farmers. At length, in 1843, young Lewis Fowls and Jerome Raymond undertook in earnest the job of capturing them. The State and county together were then giving ten dollars for each wolf-scalp. The farmers also subscribed some twenty dollars more to encourage the destruction of these particular enemies. Fowls and Raymond penetrated into the accustomed haunts of the marauders, baited steel traps with tempting morsels of sheep and cow, and after various attempts, succeeding in catching all three of them alive. They were promptly despatched, to the great joy of the neighborhood. These were the last wolves in the township, so far as known. Deer, however, were frequently seen until after the railroad was built, when they speedily disappeared. Wild turkies were also numerous and of great size. Young Fowls killed eighteen in one winter, weighing from fifteen to twenty pounds each. Wild cats were also numerous and " ugly," but the last one was killed in a small swamp on the Bagley road, about 1845 or a little later. Meanwhile, notwithstanding the various enterprises which have already been mentioned, from lyceums to grindstone factories there were but twelve families in Berea in 1845, and half of these, as Mr. Baldwin says, were talking about moving away. Dr. Henry Parker also says that there were then but about a dozen houses in the village. The village store was then owned by Mr. Case. Holbrook's school apparatus fac- tory was in operation, and two small woolen factories had also been established; one by James and Augustus Northrop and one by John Baldwin. At this time, the Berea lyceum having gone down, Mr. Baldwin who had been fortunate in his business operations, determined to establish, if possible, the cause of high and thorough education at Berea on a solid basis. There was then an institution under the auspices of the North Ohio Conference of the Methodist Church, at Norwalk, Huron county, which was painfully maintaining a feeble existence. Mr. Baldwin, as early as September, 1849, proposed that that establishment, at least so far as the patronage of the church was concerned, should be transferred to Berea, and offered to give fifty acres of land, including most of the grindstone quarries and an abundant water-power, for the support of the institution. The offer was accepted, and a brick building, thirty-six feet by seventy-two, was erected on the west, or rather southwest side of the river, during the summer of 1845. In June of that year Mr. Baldwin made a further gift of fifty lots, of a quarter acre each, with the requisite streets and alleys, for the benefit of the institution. A charter was obtained in December, 1845, the school being called the Baldwin Institute. It was opened on the 9th of April, 1846, with the Reverend H. Dwight, A. M., as principal, and having just a hundred students, sixty-one males and thirty-nine females. The school soon became a decided success, and people began to settle in Berea, in order to obtain the advantages of it. The change was not very great, however, for several years more. The surface devoted to farming was steadily but slowly increased, as people began to learn that there was a good basis to the damp-looking soil of Middleburg, and that when properly treated it could be relied on to produce good crops. It was not until 1848, nearly forty years after the first settlement of the township, that a physician deemed it worth while to locate there. This was Dr. Alexander McBride, who began a practice at Berea 476 - THE TOWNSHIPS OF CUYAHOGA COUNTY. in the year named and remained until his death, in 1876. At length, in 1849, the Cleveland, Columbus and Cincinnati Railroad (which now has another city attached to its top-heavy title) was built through the township. After this there was a marked improvement, both in Berea village and the rest of Middleburg. Even the deer took warning from the shriek of the locomotive and the too numerous rifles of the settlers, and abandoned the ground they had so long maintained. Mr. L. A. Fowls, whose skill as a hunter causes him to be frequently mentioned in our sketch, says that be killed five deer the year after the construction of the railroad, which were the last that were heard of in the township. Since 1849 the increase of Berea has been rapid and permanent, and the township outside has also greatly improved. Soon after that time Mr. Baldwin built a railroad, on which to freight stone from his quarry, running along the main road from Berea to the railroad about a mile distant, using the old-fashioned flat rail, over which be hauled cars loaded with stone by means of ox-teams. As business increased, and the track became crowded with cars, " pony" engines were employed in place of oxen. Mir. Baldwin maintained the road about ten years, when the railroad company built a new track, nearer the river, on which steam alone is used. Meanwhile the Berea grindstones had been introduced into New York City, and had been found equal or superior to those previously imported at great expense. Meanwhile, too, Berea stone had begun to be largely employed for building purposes. As early as 1846 David E. Stearns had begun running a saw with which the huge blocks of stone could be cut into slabs of convenient size for use in architecture. The building stone business, like the grindstone business, increased immensely, and now Berea stone is used in enormous quantities in nearly all parts of the United States, not only for solid walls, but for cornices, - mouldings and similar architectural purposes. Some of the facts regarding this important business are given farther on. The situation and extent of the great mass of rock, of which the Berea stone is an outcrop, as well as the constituents of which it is formed, are-shown in the chapter of the general history devoted to geology. By the side of these material interests, the higher mental and moral welfare of the community was not neglected. In 1855 Baldwin Institute was transferred into Baldwin University, of which a full account is given on page two hundred and two in the general history of the county. At a later day the German -Wallace College was established, which is described in the same chapter as the university. The temperance sentiment, which, as before stated, had been awakened as early as 1832, continued to increase, and even the presence of a large number of miners, work. ing in the quarries, has failed to overcome it. A clause has been put in most of the original deeds of lots in Berea, forbidding the sale of intoxicating liquors upon them, and very few if any places for the sale of such liquors have ever been allowed in the village. Undoubtedly considerable liquor has been sold and drank in underhanded ways, but it is believed that Berea will compare favorably in this respect with any other village of its size in the State. In the township at large the signs of material improvement were everywhere seen. The log houses of the pioneers, nrnny of which remained to a later date than in any other township in the county, gave place to neat framed buildings; the wet lands were drained, and ample crops rewarded the enterprise of the farmers. When the life of the nation was assailed the sons of Middleburg showed that material prosperity had not demoralized their courage nor benumbed their vigor. The names of the Middleburg soldiers will be found with the sketches of the regiments in which they served. Since the war the progress of the township has been equally marked, although of course the financial crisis of 1873 seriously decreased the demand for Berea stone. A peculiar industry of the last few years has been the raising of onions and other vegetables in the vicinity of Lake Abram. The " muck," of which the shores of that lake are composed, was found to be especially adapted to this kind of culture, and large tracts were thus employed. In 1876 the outlet was enlarged and a portion of the lake was drained, the ground thus obtained having since been devoted principally to the culture of onions. Immense quantities are raised; being shipped to Cleveland and numerous other cities of Ohio, and to the principal places along the lower Mississippi, including many large shipments - to New Orleans. Of the "Red Wethersfield" onions eight hundred bushels per acre are sometimes produced. Before giving the separate sketches of churches, etc., with which our township histories usually close, we turn once more to the quarries and stone mills at Berea. Notwithstanding the financial depression of the last few years (from which, however, this industry, with others, is already recovering) there are few more lively scenes to be observed than that which enlivens the banks of Rocky river. Hundreds of laborers are at work, removing the earth and shale from above the sandstone, "trenching," or cutting a face against which to work, and "capping," which is channeling into the rock with picks. When the stone is thus cut into blocks weighing from one ton upwards, these are seized by mighty steam derricks, which lift their spectral arms amid the muddy desolation around, and are swung gently to a stone-mill or to a truck on one of the little railroads which wind in and out beside the river. Blocks of near a thousand tons have been moved a short distance by wedges. In the mill the block is placed on a frame when it is sliced up by a gang of saws very much as a big pine log is managed in a sawmill, though somewhat more slowly. But the "saws" are not like any others-being merely straight, thin pieces of steel, without teeth which work their way through the HENRY PARKER M.D. The gentleman whose name appears at the head of this sketch is descended from one of the old New England families. His grandfather, Benjamin, was a resident of Connecticut ; was born May 25, 1755, and was married June 27, 1778, his wife having been born Sept. 9, 1755. They lived to a good old age, the former dying Feb. 22, 1823, the latter April 19, 1841. Henry Parker's father, Henry, was born at Wallingford, Conn., June 4, 1792, where he remained till 1815, when he emigrated West and settled in the town of Brunswick, Medina Co., Ohio. During the trip from Connecticut, which was accomplished by teams across the country, he became acquainted with his future wife, Miss Melinda Harvey, and on March 16 of the following year they were married, being the first white couple to wed in the town of Brunswick. She was born in Tyringham, Mass., April 9, 1796. Their family consisted of four children, the subject of our sketch being the youngest child and only son. He was born in Brunswick, April 28, 1824. His father, who was engaged in agricultural pursuits, died when Henry was only two years old. Some years after his mother was married to Abraham Conyne, of Strongs Cuyahoga Co., a miller by trade, and removed her family to that point in 1830. Dr. Parker's early life was passed in assisting his stepfather in his grist- and saw-mill, and he had therefore a poor opportunity of receiving an education, which was limited to what could be procured at the common schools in the district. He remained in Strongsville till 1844, when he journeyed West and located at Laporte, Ind., where he followed the trade of painting. He remained there till the following year, when he removed to Berea, Ohio, and was employed in a woolen-mill at seven dollars and bard per month. In 1846 he commenced the study of medicine, and was graduated from the American Medical College at Cincinnati, Ohio, in 1854. He has always practiced at Berea, but his business has extended into the five adjoining towns. He has been since 1871 a member of the Ohio State Eclectic Medical Association, and is thc present president of that organization. In 1872 he became a member of the National Eclectic Association. He was married, Nov. 23, 1847, to Elizabeth, daughter of Sullivan and Aurilla Sherwood, of Royalston, Cuyahoga Co. Her parents were among the early settlers of that town, her father having driven the first ox-team into the township, where she was born Aug. 18, 1824. By this union he had four children, one of whom died in infancy ; the others are as follows : Henry E., born Nov. 20, 1851, married, and a partner with his father in the practice of medicine; James M., born Oct. 13, 1853, at Attica, Seneca Co., Ohio ; and Charles W., born Aug. 26, 1860, secretary and treasurer of the Berea Savings Loan Association, of which institution Dr. Parker was one of the original founders and incorporators, and of which he has been the president since its organization. A Republican in politics. Dr. Parker was formerly a Free-Soiler, and between 1840 and 1843 was instrumental in helping many a runaway to Canada. He has never been an aspirant for political honors, but has represented his fellow-citizens at different times in the various village and township offices, and has performed his duties with satisfaction to his constituency. During the year 1862, while the war of the Rebellion was in progress, he was appointed by Dr. J. S. Newberry, of Cleveland (who was general manager of the Western Sanitary Commission), and received a commission from Edwin M. Stanton, secretary of war, and Surg.-Gen. Hammond to perform the duties of camp and hospital inspector. In this capacity he served two years and a half, giving satisfaction to the general government and his fellow-soldiers. While in the service he was located in Western Virginia ; was with the army of the Cumberland, and with the 14th Army Corps, under Gen. Sherman. Dr. Parker, in allowing his portrait and biography to appear in this work, is simply showing to coming generations an example of what industry, energy, and perseverance can accomplish. He is emphatically a self-made man, and in his varied career as a citizen, neighbor, or physician merits the respect and honor of all. MIDDLEBURG - 477 stone by friction; their progress being facilitated by a plentiful application of water. But it is in the grindstone factories that a stranger sees the most interesting processes carried on. The method of operation has not been materially changed in principle since John Baldwin fastened his iron shaft to the old water-wheel forty-seven years ago, keyed a rough grindstone to the shaft, and then held a bar against its sides and edge; but the process has been much facilitated by practice. The mills are operated by steam, and the shafts whirl with lightning like rapidity. A stone is placed upon one of them, and in an instant is flying around at the rate of several hundred revolutions per minute. Two sturdy men stand beside it, with heavy iron bars, which they apply to the revolving stone. Crash—crash—crash--a blaze shoots from every one of a thousand angles— the dust rolls out in clouds, but is quickly borne away by the patent "blower" which is one of the principal improvements lately adopted — crash — crash-the sparks grow finer as the stone becomes smoother—and at the end of from two to five minutes, accordIng to size, the stone is flung from the shaft, finished. The blower in question was invented by John Baldwin, Jr., and has been of the greatest benefit to the laborers. Formerly many died of what was called " grindstone consumption;" their lungs being found, after death, to be filled with the fine, flour- like dust, with which the air was impregnated during the turning process. The disease has now disappeared. We give below a list of the principal companies and firms engaged in the stone business at Berea, with some facts regarding them: THE BEREA STONE COMPANY. In February, 1871, the interests of Lyman Baker & Co., F. M. Stearns, W. R. Wood & Co., George W. Whitney and C. W. Stearns were consolidated, and the persons named organized a joint-stock company to be known as the Berea Stone Company, with a capital of $500,000. Lyman Baker was chosen president and F. M. Stearns, vice president, secretary and treasurer. F. M. Stearns is now the president and Lyman Baker the secretary and treasurer, and they, with Robert Wallace., Grorge Nokes and C. W. Stearns, form the board of directors. The company's quarries cover about forty acres, and give employment to one hundred men. Its productions include building-stone, grindstones scythe-stones, etc., etc, The building stone is marketed from the Atlantic to the Mississippi, and even west of that stream. The grindstones have a still wider market; three thousand tons, of which are manufactured yearly, and shipped to all parts of the world. THE BALDWIN QUARRY COMPANY. This company was chartered in 1873, with a capital of $160,000. Its quarries occupy about ten acres, yielding building-stone, flagging, curbing, grind stones, etc., and employing from forty to sixty men. John Baldwin, Jr., is the president, and J. Le Duke, secretary and treasurer, as they have been since the organization of the company. They, with James Dunn and J. B. Kramer, compose the board of directors. RUSSELL & FORCHE succeeded in 1878 to the Diamond Quarry Company. They now work about four acres of quarries and employ fifteen men. They get out nothing but building-stone and flagging. Their quarries are claimed to have produced thirty thousand tons of stone in 1878. THE EMPIRE STONE COMPANY, represented by the firm of Stearns & Wallace, began business in 1874. It has three acres of quarries and employs ten men. It ships about three hundred tons of grindstones yearly, and from forty to one hundred tons of building-stone daily. J. MCDERMOTT & Co., whose operations at Berea date from 1853, became a chartered corporation in 1873, with a capital of $250,000. They employ one hundred and fifty men, their quarries cover from thirty to forty acres, and they ship daily four hundred tons of building-stone, grindstones, etc. They forward large quantities of building-stone to Canada, while their grindstones are sent to Europe, Australia and other foreign regions. The officers of the corporation are Wm. McDermott, president; E. C. Pope, secretary and treasurer; M. McDermott is the superintendent. PRINCIPAL TOWNSHIP OFFICERS, SO FAR AS THEY CAN BE OBTAINED FROM THE RECORDS, 1819. Justice of the peace, Ephraim Vaughn; township clerk, Jared Hickox. 1822. Trustee, Amos Briggs; justice of the peace, Jared Hickox; appraiser, Hosea Bradford. 1823. Trustees, David Harrington, Abraham Fowls, Richard Vaughn; clerk, Wheeler Wellman; overseers of the poor, Jared Hickox, Ephraim Fowls; lister, Jared Hickox; appraiser, Ephraim Vaughn; treasuser, Silas Gardner. 1824. Trustees, D. Harrington, E. Vaughn, Thaddeus Ball; overseers of the poor, Benj. Colby, Silas Gardner; lister, J. Vaughn; appraiser, E. Fowls; treasurer, A. Fowls. 1825. Trustees, Buel Peck, Silas Becket, Elias C. Frost; clerk, John Barnum; overseers of the poor, Elliot Smith, A. Fowls; lister and ap praiser, J. Vaughn; treasurer, 1saac Frost. 1826. Trustees, E: C. Frost, B. Peck, S. Becket; clerk, J. Barnum; overseers of the poor, Watrous Usher, Wheeler Wellman; treasurer, 1saac Frost; lister, Lewis Adams; appraiser, John Adams. 1827. Trustees, A. Fowls, J. Vaughn, Valentine Gardner; clerk, Benj. Tuttle; overseers of the poor, S. Gardner, S. Becket; treasurer, Amos Gardner; justice of the peace, Eli Osborn. 1828. Trustees, E. Fowls, S. Gardner, E. Vaughn; clerk, Eli Osborn; overseers of the poor Philo Fowls, Paul Gardner; treasurer, A. Gardner 1829. Trustees, V. Gardner, Benj. Colby, Sheldon Frary; overseers of the poor, S. Gardner, A. Fowls; treasurer, A. Gardner. 1830. Trustees, Solomon Lovejoy, A. Fowls, S. Becket; clerk, John Baldwin; overseers of the poor, S. Lovejoy, S. Becket. 1831. Trustees, E. Fowls, E. Vaughn, Patrick Humaston; clerk, Merritt Osborn; overseers of the poor, John Baldwin, Abijah Bagley ; treasurer, S. Gardner. 1832. Trustees, Major Bassett, Merritt Osborn, A, V. Green; clerk, P. Humaston; overseers of the poor, A. Fowls, S. Becket; treasurer, Philo Fowls. 1833. Trustees, S. Lovejoy, E. Fowls, B. Colby; clerk, A. Gardner; overseers of the poor, A. Fowls, S. Gardner; treasurer, P. Gardner. 1834. Trustees, A. Fowls, J. Vaughn, Chas. Green; clerk, Russell Gardner; overseers of the poor, D. Fowls, S. Gardner; treasurer, P. Gardner. 1835. Trustees, A. Fowls, Clark Goss, Libbeus ;Pomeroy; clerk, J Baldwin; overseers of the poor, S. Gardner, P. Gardner; treasurer, V. Gardner. 478 - THE TOWNSHIPS OF CUYAHOGA COUNTY 1836. Trustees, A. Fowls, C. Goss, J. Baldwin; clerk, J. Batdwin; overseers of the P. Gardner, S. Gardner; treasurer, V. Gardner; justices, Benj. Colby, Jere. Fuller. 1837. Trustees, C. Goss, Enoch G. Watrous, Major Bassett; clerk, Chas. Bassett; overseers of the poor, S. Gardner. P. Gardner; school examiners, J. Baldwin, J. Fuller, Henry O. Sheldon; justice, Henry R. Ferris. 1838. Trustees, A. Fowls, Moses Cousins, L. Pomeroy; clerk, J. Fuller; overseers of the poor, A. Fowls, E. G. Watrous. 1839. Trustees, A. Fowls, M. Cousins, L. Pomeroy; crerk, C. Goss; overseers of the poor, M. Cousins. C. Goss. 1840. Trustees, M. Cousins, Amass B. Andrews, Jerome Raymond; clerk, George R. Whitney; overseers of the poor, David Smith, Silas Becket; treasurer, Isaac Meacham. 1841. Trustees, M. Cousins, Justus Sheldon, Nelson Pomeroy; clerk, Phitemon Barber; overseers of the poor, J. Sheldon, S. Gardner; treasurer, L. Pomeroy; justice, P. Barber. 1842. Trustees, J. Sheldon, N. Pomeroy, John W. Fairchild; clerk, P. Barber; overseers of the poor, E. G. Watrous, Jerome Raymond; treasurer, G. R. Whitney; assessor, Wm. Sheldon. 1843. Trustees, M. Cousins, J. Sheldon, M. Bassett; clerk, P. Barber; overseers of the poor, W. Sheldon, J. Fuller; treasurer, G. R. Whitney; assessor, Daniel Fairchild. 1844. Trustees, A. Fowls, C. Goss, N. Pomeroy; clerk, Morris Hepburn; overseers of the poor, J. Baldwin, S. Gardner; treasurer, David Goss; assessor, W. Sheldon. 1845. Trustees, M. Cousins, Lawson Brown, David Smith; clerk, J, McB. Lewis; overseers of the poor, A. Fowls, J. Sheldon ; treasurer, D. Goss. 1846. Trustees, A. Fowls, J. Sheldon. E. C. Coltier; clerk, S. H. Woolsey; treasurer, J. Fuller; assessor, 31. Hepburn. 1847. Trustees, A. Fowls, J. Sheldon, E. C. Collier; clerk and assessor, M. Hepburn; treasurer, J. Fuller. 1848. Trustees, A. Fowls, J. Sheldon, J. Fuller; clerk and assessor, M. Hepburn ; treasurer, J. Fuller. 1849. Trustees, M. Cousins, Lawrence Freeman, David Gardner; clerk and assessor, M. Hepburn; treasurer, J. Fuller. 1850. Trustees, M, Cousins, D. Gardner, Lewis A. Fowls ; clerk and assessor, M. Hepburn; treasurer, J. Fuller. 1851. Trustees, M. Cousins, D. Gardner, L. A. Fowls; clerk and assessor, M. Hepburn; treasurer, J. Fuller. 1852. Trustees, M. Cousins, D. Gardner, L. A. Fowls; clerk and assessor, M. Hepburn; treasurer, J. Fuller. 1853. Trustees, D. Gardner, J. Sheldon, A. Lovejoy; clerk and assessor, M. Hepburn; treasurer, J. Fuller. 1854. Trustees, J. Sheldon. A. Lovejoy, James Wallace; clerk, M. Hepburn; treasurer, Jonathan Pickard; assessor, L. A. Fowls. 1855. Trustees, J. Sheldon, A. Lovejoy, David Gardner; clerk, Harmon P. Hepburn; treasurer, J. Pickard; assessor, E. F. Chester. 1856. Trustees, G. R. Whitney, C. C. Bennett, Solon W. Smith; clerk, John Watson; treasurer, Silas Clapp; assessor, Adna Warner. 1857. Trustees, G. R. Whitney, C. C. Bennett, S. W. Smith; clerk, John Watson; treasurer, Silas Clapp; assessor, Levi B. Warner. 1858. Trustees, S. W. Smith, Wm. Sutton, Eli Dunsher; clerk, J. Watson; treasurer, S Clapp; assessor, L. B. Warner. 1859. Trustees, S. W. Smith, W. Sutton, Jas. S. Smedley; treasurer, S. Clapp; assessor, L. B. Warner. 1860. Trustees, S. W. Smith, Wm. Sutton, Wm. Newton; clerk, Geo. S. Clapp; treasurer, Silas Clapp; assessor, L. B. Warner. 1861. Trustees, S. W. Smith, W. Sutton, J. S. Smedley; clerk, Wm. B. Rogers; treasurer, Robt. Wallace; assessor. L. B. Warner. 1862. Trustees, L. A. Fowls, W. Sutton, J. S. Smedley; clerk, J. Watson; treasurer, R. Wallace; assessor, L., B. Warner. 1863. Trustees, L. A. Fowls, W. Sutton, J. S. Smedley; clerk, J. Watson; treasurer, S. Clapp; assessor, L. B. Warner. 1864. Trusters, J. Sheldon, Conrad Stumpf, Wm. Pritchard ; clerk, J. Watson; treasurer, Geo. Nokes; assessor, B. Wallace. 1865. Trustees, J. Sheldon, W. Pritchard, C. C. Bennett; clerk, A. S' Allen; treasurer, John S. Miller; assessor, John Watson. 1866. Trustees, C. C. Bennett, T. Quayle, E. B. Gardner; clerk, A. S. Allen; treas. rer, John S. Miller; assessor, Geo. Nokes. 1867. Trustees, Henry Bevares, P. B. Gardner, Amos Fay; clerk. J. P. Mills; treasurer, J. S. Smedley; assessor, N. D. Meacham. 1868. Trustees, P. B. Gardner, Amos Fay, S. W. Perry; clerk, J. P. Mills; treasurer, T. J. Quayle; assessor, N. D. Meacham. 1869. Trustees, V. W. Perry, Wm. Engles, John McCroden; clerk, E. C. Martin; treasurer, T. J. Quayle; assessor, Geo. yokes. 1870. Trustees. S. W Perry, C. C. Bennett, Wm. Lum; clerk, E. C. Martin; treasurer, W. W. Noble; assessor, Geo Nokes; 1871. Trustees, S. W. Perry, C. C. Bennett, Wm. Lum; clerk, S. S. Canniff; treasurer, W. W. Noble; assessor, Geo. Nokes. 1872. Trustees, S. W. Perry. C. C. Bennett, Wm. Lum; clerk, John C. Nokes; treasurer, E. J. Kennedy; assessor, H. W. Jourdon. 1874. Trustees. Wm. Lum, E. Reublin, Wm. Humaston; clerk, C. W. Moley; treasurer, T. C. Mattison; assessor, Geo. Nokes. 1875. Trustees, Wm. Lum, E. Reublin, Wm. Humaston; cterk, C. W. Moley; treasurer, T. C. Mattison; assessor, Geo. Nokes. 1876. Trustees, E. Reublin, Wm. Lum, J. C. Nokes; clerk, E. C. Martin; treasurer, Joseph Nichols; assessor, Geo. Nokes. 1877. Trustees, E. Reublin, Wm. Lum, J. C. Nokes; clerk, E. C. Martin; treasurer. J. Nichols. assessor, Geo. Nokes. 1878. Trustees, John S. Miller, E. Reublin, J. C. Nokes; clerk, E. C. Martin; treasurer, E. Christian; assessor, Geo. Nokes. 1879. Trustees, Witliam Lum, John W. Landphairo Abner Hunt; clerk, E. C. Martin; treasurer, E. Christian; assessor. George Nokes. METHODIST CHURCH OF BEREA. As already stated, there was a Methodist society formed at Berea, soon after the war of 1812, which was supplied by circuit preachers. The congregation was small, however, and no record remains of its oft- changing pastors. Rev. Henry O: Sheldon, as has also been mentioned, was the first resident minister; coming in 1836, and officiating more or less for several years. The first authentic record is that of 1846, when Rev. William C. Pierce was the pastor. The Berea station had previously been a part of Brooklyn circuit, but was now united with Olmstead and Hoadley's Mills; the whole becoming Berea circuit. A substantial stone church was begun as early as 1856, but was not dedicated until the last of 1858. It is on the east 'side of Rocky river near the university. The following is a list of the pastors since 1846, with their years of service: Thomas Thompson, 1847-48; J. M. Morrow and U. Nichols. 1849; J. M. Morrow, 1850; Hiram Humphrey and A. Brimfield, 1851; Liberty Prentiss, 1852; C. B. Brandeberry, 1853; Charles Hartley, 1854; William B. Disbro and John Wheeler, 1855; William B. Disbro, 1856; George W. Breckenridge, 1857-58; T. J. Pope, 1859-60; D. D. T. Mattison and T. J. Gard, 1861; D. .D. T. Mattison, 1862; Hugh L. Parish, 1863-64; E. H. Bush, 1865-66; S. Mower, first charge-W. C. Pierce, college charge, 1867; S. Mower, first charge-A. Schnyler, college charge, 1868; S. Mower, first charge-W. C. Pierce, college charge, 1869; J. Graham, first charge-W. D. Godman, college charge, 1870; T. K. Dissette, first charge--W. D. Godman, college charge, 1871; T. K. Dissette (for the whole), 1872-73; John S. Broadwell, 1874-75-76; J. W. Buxton, 1877-78-79. THE GERMAN METHODIST CHURCH. Nearly twenty-five years ago it was observed that there were a number of Germans at Berea, who could not well understand English., and who seemed to be as sheep without a shepherd. Presiding Elder Rothweiler, of the German Methodist Church, was asked to send them a preacher, which he accordingly did. A little over twenty years ago a society was formed, and services were regularly held, though in temporary quarters. Since the erection of German Wallace College the services have always been held in the college-chapel; the church owning no real estate. Only in rare instances has it had a pastor who was not in some way connected with the college. Generally one of the professors has officiated as the pastor. At present Rev. P. F. Schneider is‘ the preacher in charge. The total number of full members is now A. P. KNOWLTON In 1835, William Knowlton, a physician and a native of Massachusetts, removed with his wife and children from New York to Ohio, locating first at Olmsted Falls, and subsequently in Brecksville, where he died in 1855. Of one of his sons, A. P., who was born in Mina, Chautauqua Co., N.Y., this sketch treats. Somewhat favored by circumstances beyond the common lot of the youth of his time, young Knowlton received the valuable benefits of a thorough educational course at au academy of high repute, and following the bent. of his inclination entered the Cleveland Medical College, where he was graduated in 1857. Earnest in his chosen calling, and zealous in urging his skill forward to a state of high development, he became widely known as a capable physician and surgeon, and pursuing his practice in various parts of the State, located eventually and permanently in Berea, where he now resides. To his duties as family physician he has frequently added his services in broader capacities, incidental to which it may be observed that he was at one period assistant physician at the Northern Ohio Lunatic Asylum, and. has for some time been an active and honored member of the Cuyahoga Medical Society and of the Ohio State Medical Association. His political faith has always attached him to the Democracy, and on two occasions he has been put forward as the nominee of that party for the State Senate from his district, which being, however, overwhelmingly Republican, in both instances declared for his opponents. He was married Nov. 10, 1863, to Miss Augusta Snow, whom he lost by death Dec. 14, 1864. His second wife was Hannah H., daughter of Capt. C. P. Dryden, of Olmsted, whom he married Jan. 16, 1868. Two children blessed his second union,—Constance A., born Aug. 30, 1872, and Louis G., born Jan. 30, 1876. During the war of the Rebellion Dr. Knowlton was connected with an army medical corps, and was attached to the Sixth Ohio Cavalry, but becoming seriously disabled by a sunstroke at the battle of Gettysburg, he was compelled to resign his place in the service. As a skillful member of his profession lie enjoys deserved high repute not only at his own home, but in the county at large ; and especially in the science of surgery, to which he has devoted his particular care, he stands confessedly one of its best exponents in Cuyahoga. MIDDLEBURG - 479 one hundred and fifty-seven; a portion of them being individuals belonging to the college and orphan asylum. Services are held twice every Sunday, all in German. FIRST CONGREGATIONAL CHURCH OF BEREA. This church was organized on the 9th day of June, 1855, the first members being Caleb and Myra Proctor, David and Isabella Wylin, John and Nancy Watson and Mary J. Crane. Ten more members were added in the following September. The, first pastor was Rev. Stephen Cook. The first deacons were James S. Smedley and Caleb Proctor; the first trustees, James S. Smedley, James L. Crane, B. F. Cogswell, Isaac Kneeland and Caleb Proctor. Thesi same year a small brick house of worship was built on the lot occupied by the present church edifice, it being dedicated on the 6th of March, 1856. This was the first meeting-house completed in the township. The church grew but slowly, and when the troubles and depression incident to the great war for the Union came, it was obliged in November, 1862, to suspend its services. In September, 1868, the church was reorganized. It soon entered on a flourishing career, and increased rapidly in numbers and vigor. The present large and commodious edifice was dedicated in 1872. In the spring of 1873 there was a most fruitful revival, and no less than thirty-seven were added on the 27th day of April alone, under the ministrations of the Rev. Mr. Westervelt. The church still continues in a most flourishing condition. The following is a list of the pastors with their terms of service: Stephen Cook, 1855 and '56; E. P. Clisbee, 1856 and '57; Z. P. Disbro, 1860; E. P. Clisbee began April, 1861, closed November, 1862; L. Smith, from September, 1868, part of the time till January, 1870; H. C. Johnson, 1870, '71 and '72; G. F. Waters, 1872 and '73; Rev. Mr. Westervelt began early in 1873, served a few months; C. N. Gored, June, 1873, to August, 1875; J. S. Whitman, 1876; E. H. Votaw, 1877, '78 and '79. ST. MARY'S CHURCH (ROMAN CATHOLIC). This church was formed in 1855. The first resident priest was Father Louis J. Filiere. Although he officiated at Berea he resided at Olmstead Falls until 1866. A small framed house of worship was erected soon after the formation of the society on the same site as the present one. It 1866 it was removed and the present edifice was begun. It is a hundred feet long by forty-eight wide, built of dressed Berea stone, and costing about twenty thousand dollars. Father Filiere ,vas succeeded in February, 1876, by Father John Hannan, and he in 1879 by Father T. J. Carroll, the present incumbent. The councilmen are Thomas Donovan, Joseph Billing and James Barrett. The congregation now numbers about one hundred and twenty families. ST. THOMAS' CHURCH (EPISCOPAL). St. Thomas' Church was originally organized at Berea on the 9th of October, 1864. P. Harley was the senior warden and T. McCroden the junior warden. Rev. George B. Sturgis preached two years, but the number of Episcopalians at Berea was so small that in 1866 they were obliged to abandon the organization. In the autumn of 1873 St. Thomas' was reorganized and consolidated with St. Philip's, formerly of Albion, and St. Luke's, of Columbia. The first officers under the new organization were George Johnson, senior warden; Joseph Nichols, junior warden; William James, W. W. Goodwin, E. F. Benedict, M. McDermott, C. W. Stearns, Thomas Churchward and J. S. Ashley, vestrymen. A framed building was moved from the west to the east side of the river and fitted up as a church in 1873, and is still occupied as such; the congregation numbering about fifty members. The rectors have been as follows: R. R. Nash, a short time in 1873; A. V. Gorrell, 1873 to 1875; J. M. Hillyer, 1875 to 1879. The present officers are Joseph Nicholas, senior warden; E. F. Benedict, junior warden; M. McDermott, Wm. A. James, S. Goette, Wm. McCroden, B. Crawford. ST. PAUL'S CHURCH (GERMAN LUTHERAN). Religions meetings began to be held among the Germans in the north part of the township as early as 1866. On the 28th of July, 1867, a church was organized by Rev. G. H. Fuehr, called the Evangelical Lutheran congregation of St. Paul. A framed churoh edifice had been built the same spring. There were then but fourteen members. Rev. Mr. Fuehr remained in charge of the church until 1875, when he was succeeded by Rev. F. Schmeltz, the present incumbent. There are now about seventy-five families belonging to the church, with nearly two hundred members over fourteen years of age. The trustees are M. Holtz- worth, F. Steller and L. Schultz. A school is connected with the church, which is taught by the pastor and numbers fifty scholars. There is also a Sabbath school of sixty or seventy scholars. ST. ADELBERTIS' CHURCH (POLISH CATHOLIC). This church was organized early in 1874 by Rev. Victor Zarecznyi, its present and only pastor. A large church building was erected the same year about half way between the main part of Berea village and the depot. It is eighty feet by forty-two and cost six thousand dollars. "The Sisters of Humility of Mary" teach a school in the church edifice, having from ninety to a hundred scholars. There are now about eighty families connected with the church. BEREA LODGE, NO. 382, F. AND A. M. This society was organized on the 20th day. of February, 1867; the charter members being F. R. Van 480 - THE TOWNSHIPS OF CUYAHOGA COUNTY. Tyne, G. M. Barber, S. Y. Wadsworth, C. Vansise, G. B. Sturgess, D. S. Fracker, N. D. Meacham, W. P. Gardner. F. R. Van Tyne was the first master; G. M. Barber the first senior warden, and S. Y. Wadsworth the first junior warden. The list of masters, with their terms of service is as follows: F. R. Van Tyne, 1867 and '68; G. M. Barber, 1869; S. Y. Wadsworth, 1870 and '71: D. R. Watson, 1872; F. R. Van Tyne, 1873; W. W. Goodwin, 1874; W. A. Reed, 1875 and '76; Joseph Nichols, 1877 and '78; C. W. L. Miller, 1879. The present number of members is six ty-three. BEREA CHAPTER, NO. 134, R. A. M. The charter of this chapter was granted October 2, 1872; the charter members being F. R. Van Tyne, D. R. Watson, W. W. Noble, Edward Christian, W. L. Stearns, G. M. Barber, Robert W. Henry, Theodore M. Fowl, S. E. Meacham, H. D. Chapin, Aaron Schuyler, Samuel Hittel. F. R. Van Tyne was the first high priest; R. W. Henry, the first king; and W. L. Stearns the first scribe. The chapter now numbers thirty members, and meets in the room on the third floor of the " Brick Hall." OTHER SOCIETIES. The following are other societies situated at Berea: Rocky River Lodge, No. 236, I. O. O. F.; C. B. Loomis, N. G., Fred Beebe, R. S. Berea Encampment, No. 152, I. O. O. F.; B. W. Sabin, C. P.; D. E. Stearns, scribe. Sweet Home Division, Sons of Temperance; C. H. Knapp, W. P., George N. Watson, R. S. A. O. H., Division No. 2; T. S. Morissey, president; Martin Galvin, -secretary. Grindstone Lodge, No. 324, A. O. U. W.; C. W . D. Miller, W. M.; O. H. Perry, recorder. BEREA VILLAGE CORPORATION. Berea was incorporated as a village, March 23, 1850. "The first mayor was Hon. John Baldwin. We have not been able to find the earliest records. The number of votes in 1858 was one hundred and forty; the number in 1878 was three hundred and twenty-seven -showing a probable population of about two thousand. Since 1857 the mayors of the village have been as follows: G. M. Barber, 1857 and '58; J. V. Baker, 1859; W. N. Watson, 1860 and '61; Joseph Jones, 1862; Silas Clapp, 1863; Jacob Rothweiler, 1864; James S. Smedley, 1865; John Baldwin, Jr., 1866: Alex. Mc Bride, 1867; S. S. Brown, 1868; Lyman Baker, 1869, '70 and '71; D. R. Watson, 1872 and '73; S. S. Brown, 1874 and '75; George Nokes, 1876 and '77; Joseph Nichols, 1878 and '79. BEREA TOWN HALL. Few villages of the size of Berea can boast of a more creditable building belonging to the public than this. It was erected in 1874, Jacob Smith being the superintendent. It is sixty feet long by forty wide, and is built of brick; the two sides on the streets, however, being faced with stone in "ashlar" or rough form. It contains on the first floor a council-room, mayor's room, engine room, and three cells for prisoners; the second floor is occupied entirely by a very fine public hall. BUSINESS PLACES, SHOPS, ETC. The list of these in Berea now includes the following: Hotel, one; dry goods stores, five; hardware stores, two; grocery and provision stores, seven; drugstores, three; harness shops, two; shoe shops, four; blacksmith shops, three; wagon shops, two; jeweler's shops, three; millinery shops, four; tin shop, one; merchant tailors, four; undertaker's shops, two; barber's shops, two; saloons, six. PHYSICIANS. Henry Parker, A. P. Knowlton, A. S. Allen, F. M. Coates, N. E. Wright, William Clark and Lafayette Kirkpatrick. BEREA STREET RAILWAY. This work was begun in May, 1876, and completed in 1.878. It runs from the depot to the central part of the village, is a mile and twenty rods long, and cost six thousand dollars. It is owned by a joint stock company, of which Joseph Nichols is the president, and C. A. Moley, the secretary and treasurer. BEREA UNION SCHOOL. Great attention has always been paid to education in this village. The old " Lyceum," the Baldwin Institute, the Baldwin University and German Wallace College are spoken of elsewhere. As early as 1851 or 1852, when graded schools and boards of education were extremely rare, outside of the large cities, a board of education and a Union school was established at Berea. James S. Smedley was the first teacher (that is, in the Union school), remaining three years, Subsequent principals in the old building were Messrs. Goddard, Milton Baldwin, Israel Snyder, Bassett, Eastman, Goodrich, Kendall, Huck- ins, Pope and Hoadley. The present large and commodious brick school- building was erected in 1869. Subsequently All% B. B. Hall acted as principal for a_ year, and Mr. Millets for another year. In 1872 Mr. M. A. Sprague became principal and superintendent, and the school has ever since remained under his able management. There are now four hundred pupils enrolled, arranged in three grades—high-school, grammar and primary. There were about twenty scholars in the high-school grade, a little over a hundred in the grammar grade, and the remainder in the primary. The high-school teaches the higher English branches, the grammar grade the ordinary English studies, and the primary grade the elementary ones. NEWBURG - 481 BOARD OF EDUCATION. President, E. Christian; clerk, C. W. Sanburn; treasurer, A. H. Pomeroy; directors, T. C. Mattison, M. McDermott, E. G. Worcester; superintendent of public schools, M. A. Sprague. FIRST NATIONAL BANK OF BEREA. This institution was organized July 1, 1872, with a capital of $50,000. The first board of directors was composed of T. Churchward (president), Jacob Kuntz (vice president), Alanson Pomeroy, W. L. Stearns, and A. P. Hinman. H. C. Johnson was chosen cashier at the organization, and was succeeded in 1874 by A. Pomeroy, the present incumbent. The bank has now a deposit account of $30,000; a loan account of $45,000, and a circulation of $45,000. The directors are T. Churchward (president), W. C. Peirce (vice president), 0. D. Pomeroy, Anson Goodwin and A. J. Campbell. BEREA SAVINGS AND LOAN ASSOCIATION. Although organized on the 27th of November, 1874, this association did not begin business till the 12th of April, 1875. It has . a capital stock of fifty thousand dollars, of which twenty-five thousand is paid. There is now between sixty and seventy thousand dollars of deposits, and about eight hundred depositors. The trustees are Henry Parker, president; Sydney Lawrence, vice-president; Wm. Lunn, V. C. Stone, C. C. Bennett, Jacob Bailey, F. M. Stearns. C. W. Parker is the secretary and treasurer. CHAPTER L XXIX. NEWBURG. The Present Township—Early Settlement—Phirip Brower—Marks, Bennett, Treat and Ross—A New Way of Breaking up a School—Rathbun —Civil Organization—Principal Township Officers—Schools —Manufactures—The Austin Powder Company—The California Powder Company—The Newburg Fertilizer Company. NEWBURG township, one of the first to be settled in Northern Ohio, long included nearly the whole of survey township number seven, in range twelve, of the Western Reserve, but the encroachments of the city of Cleveland have reduced it to very narrow limits. It is now exceedingly irregular in shape, somewhat resembling a carpenter's square in general form, and is bounded as follows: North by the city of Cleveland and the township of East Cleveland; south by the township of Independence; east by Warrensville, and west by Brooklyn. The Cuyaahoga river flows along the western border, and Mill creek across the southern section-the latter stream occasionally providing good water power. The Ohio canal passes through the southern edge of the township, following the course of the river, and the Atlantic and Great Western and the Cleveland and Pittsburg railways run for a short distance across the southeastern portion. The present Newburg is a strictly agricultural region. The soil is fertile, and farming is profitable, especially near the city, where gardening occupies the labors of the people to a large degree. Pasturage is plentiful and excellent, and dairies are numerous. The largest, average from thirty to forty cows each, and Newburg does a flourishing business in supplying the city with milk. Building stone is quarried to some extent, but receives no marked attention as an article of shipment. Newburg, as now constituted, is simply a rural settlement, with convenient access, however, to more populous regions. There are within its limits neither villages nor churches; but on the other, hand, the citizens pride themselves on the fact that there is no place in the township where liquor is sold. The only public buildings are the town-hall and the schoolhouses. EARLY SETTLEMENT. The earliest settlements of old Newburg were made in that portion now known as the Eighteenth ward of Cleveland. But the pioneers of that tract having been mentioned in the history of Cleveland, this chapter will deal merely with the first settlements in what is now known as Newburg township. Philip Brower, who was among the early comers, journeyed in 1816 with his wife and seven children from New York State to Independence township. He lived there until his wife died-in 1820—and then settled in Newburg, near the Independence line, where David L., his son, had purchased two hundred and seventy acres. David lived on the old place fifty-four years, and died in 1876, aged eighty-five. His widow still survives, residing with her son Perry in Cleveland. When Mr. Brower moved into Newburg he became a neighbor of Darius Warner, who came from New York in 1816 with five children, and took up the farm now occupied by James Walker, who married his granddaughter. Darius Warner's son, Spencer, carried on the farm after his father's death, and on his own death, in 1861, left four children. Two of them, Mr$. James Walker and Lydia Warner, live in Newburg; Norman resides in Iowa, and John in California. In the spring of 1820, Nehemiah Marks, Wilson Bennett, Richard Treat and a Mr. Clark, all young men of Milford, Connecticut, set out in a one-horse wagon for Ohio, and, after a journey of thirty-three days, brought up in the township which is the subject of this chapter. Treat and Clark went farther west, but Marks and Bennett tarried in Newburg, where they had bought farms of Barr & Bardsley, the Connecticut proprietors. Mr. Marks bought one hundred acres on the present Bedford road, where he still lives, an aged but hale and hearty pioneer, now entering upon his eighty-third year. Mr. Bennett located on the farm next adjoining that of Mr. Marks on the northwest. Soon afterward Thomas Ross, an 482 - THE TOWNSHIPS OF CUYAHOGA COUNTY. emigrant from the State of New York, came from Summit county and joined Marks and Bennett, his farm being the one now owned by Asa Dunham, one mile west of the Marks place. While engaged in clearing their farms, Marks, Bennett and Ross kept bachelor's ball in Ross' log shanty until late in the fall, when the family of the latter came out from the East, and then Marks and Bennett boarded with the Ross household. Meanwhile Marks had put up a log house -IA cleared six acres of land, whereupon, in 1821, he traveled on foot back to Connecticut for his sister, who accompanied him to Ohio, and kept house for him until 1822, when Mr. Marks married. The next year she married Cyrus Parmeter, a -Vermonter, who had assisted Marks in clearing his farm, and removed to Strongsville. As an instance of the difficulty of traveling with vehicles in those days, it may be observed that young Marks walked back to Connecticut in thirteen days on the return trip; when he had a team, he consumed upwards of a month. When Mr. Marks first came out to Newburg he had to cut his way to his farm, although in the following summer a road from Cleveland to Hudson was opened, which was followed somewhat later by the present Bedford road. Ross died in 1832, of the cholera. Bennett fell eventually into evil ways, took to drinking, and died a wreck, in 1836. None of the descendants of either Ross or Bennett are living in the township. Mr. Marks married, in 1822, a Mrs: Parmeter, a sister of the man who married Miss Marks. She came to Newburg in 1821, in company with a family of Western pioneers, and drove a team all the way from New: England as compensation for her transportation. After reaching Newburg she taught school on the Brainard farm, but unfortunately for. the school it was broken up by the speedy marriage of its teacher. When Mr. Marks settled in Newburg there were on the Bedford road in Newburg the Jewetts, John and Samuel Brooks, and Nehemiah Wallace, with his three sons, Ira, Chester and Jefferson, the former two being married. Chester is still living in Morrow county, in this State. Lewis Harper's farm adjoined Wilson Bennett's, but he subsequently moved to that part of the township now included in the city. Edmund Rathbun, now an old gentleman of eighty-five, living in Cleveland with his son-in-law, Freeman Brooks, made the journey in a sleigh from New York to Newburg, in the winter of 1817, in company with Isaac Clark and family. Young Rathbun took up forty-four acres of land near where the " five-mile-lock" was afterwards constructed, which tract he increased to one hundred and twenty-five acres in 1818. In that year his brother George joined him, and located on a neighboring farm. He removed to Euclid in 1844, and died there in 1877, aged eighty-one. Edmund Rathbun sold out his Newburg place in 1854, and went to Solon, afterwards becoming a resident of Cleveland, as before stated. His wife, who is still living, was the daughter of Samuel Hamilton, who settled in Newburg village as early as 1801. Mr. Rathbun's neighbors besides his brother George, were Milton, Erastus and Joseph Rathbun; a Mr. Burgess, who was killed by the fall of a tree; Jonathan Pearse, who located in Newburg about 1818; John Gould and his son, Myrick; Benjamin Parsons, Wildman White, Samuel Andrus and George Beakle. In the northeast, one of the pioneers was Jedediah Hubbell. His house was burned to the ground on Sunday, in 1822, while he was at church. The next morning his townsmen gathered in force, put up a new house for him, and moved his family into it before nightfall. That is an example of how people used to help each other in the " good old days." Solomon White was located in the north near the present city line. On the old State road, now called the Fisher road, were Parker, Shattuck, Amos Brainard, Silas Owens, Lewis Peet and Isaac Clark; the latter having come out with Edmund Rathbun in 1817. A Mr. Remington, Lyman Hammond and Mr. Rightor were settlers perhaps, as early as 1814, near where James Walker lives, but they moved away after a very brief stay. CIVIL ORGANIZATION. Newburg township was formed by an order of the county commissioners on the 15th day of October, 1814. Until 1873 it embraced the thriving village of Newburg. In Sepember of that year the village and the tract lying between it and the north line of the township were annexed to the city of Cleveland. The remaining citizens of Newburg determined to preserve the residue of their territory intact, and so, on the 2d of March, 1874, the township was incorporated for "special purposes." The only change in the form of election, however, is that each year one trustee is chosen to serve three years. Financially the township is in a healthful condition. On the 1st of September, 1879, there were in the treasury $2,555, against which there was not one dollar of indebtedness. The township tax for 1879 aggregated ninety-three and one-half cents on each $100. While Newburg village was a part of the township, all the township business was naturally done there, and a large part of the officers lived there, probably a majority of them. Others lived in the northwestern part of the old township. These are all "outsiders" so far as the present township is concerned. Yet if we give a bit of Newburg officers at all we cannot discriminate between them, and we can find no place more proper for it than in the history of the township which still bears that time-honored name. The township books from 1814 to the present time are in the possession of the clerk of the present Newburg, and from them we transcribe the following list: NEWBURG - 483 PRINCIPAL TOWNSHIP OFFICERS. 1814. Clerk, Erastus Miles; trustees, Giles Barnes, Chas. Miles, Daniel Marvin. 1815. Clerk, Erastus Miles; treasurer, Theodore Miles; trustees, Jas. Kingsbury, Chas. Miles, Giles Barnes. 1816. Clerk, Erastus Miles; treasurer, Theodore Miles; trustees, Giles Barnes, Daniel Marvin, Y. L. Morgan. 1817. Clerk, Thompson Miles; treasurer, Theodore Miles; trustees, Giles Barnes, Chas. Miles, Y. L. Morgan. 1818. Clerk, Justus Remington: treasurer, Jedediah Hubbell; trustees, J. A. Smith, Ephraim Hubbell, S. S. Baldwin. 1819 and 1820. Clerk, Daniel Miles; treasurer, Theodore Miles; trustees, Ephraim Hubbell, Jas. Kingsbury, John Wightman. 1821. Clerk, Lewis Peet; treasurer, Theodore Miles; Trustees, Jehial Saxton, Jedediah Hubbell, Noble Bates. 1822. Clerk, Lewis Peet; treasurer, Thompson Miles; trustees, Noble Bates, Jehial Saxton, Aaron Hubbard. 1823. Clerk, Justus Hamilton; treasurer, Thompson Miles; trustees, Jehial Saxton, Peter Robison, Y. L. Morgan. 1824. Clerk, Justus Hamilton; treasurer, Thompson Miles; trustees, Theodore Miles, Aaron Hubbard, John Brooks. 1825. Clerk, Justus Hamilton; treasurer, Erastus Miles; trustees, The )(lore Miles, John Brooks, Philemon Baldwin. 1826. Clerk, Justus Hamilton; treasurer, Peter Robison; trustees, Jas. Kingsbury, John Brooks, Philemon Baldwin. 1827. Clerk, Jason Hubbell; treasurer, Gaius Burk; trustees, Cyrenus Ruggles, Lewis Peet, Jesse Harris. 1828. Clerk, T. T. Clarke; treasurer, Justus Hamilton; trustees, John Brooks, Jonathan Pearse, Moses Jewett. 1829. Clerk, Philemon Baldwin; treasurer, Gideon Tupper; trustees, Jonathan Pearce, Moses Jewett, Spencer Warner. 1830. Clerk, Philemon Baldwin; treasurer, Gideon Tupper; trustees, John Brooks, Noble Bates, Stephen Titus. 1831. Clerk, Jason Hubbell; treasurer, Gideon Tupper; trustees, Jehial Saxton, A. S. Chapman, C. Hamilton. 1832. Clerk, Jason Hubbell; treasurer, Gideon Tupper; trustees, Chester Hamilton, A. S. Chapman, Jas. Kingsbury. 1833. Clerk, Jason Hubbell; treasurer, Gideon Tupper; trustees, Gaius Burk, Moses Jewett, A. S. Chapman. 1834. Clerk, Jason Hubbell; treasurer, Gideon Tupper; trustees, Moses Jewett, Samuel Brooks, Jehial Saxton. 1835. Clerk, Jason Hubbell; treasurer, A. C. Chapman; trustees, Moses Jewett, Philo S. Ruggles, A. H. Brainard. 1836. Clerk, Anson A. Miles; treasurer, Philo S. Ruggles; trustees, A. H. Brainard, Aaron Shepard, Asahel Palmiter. 1837. Clerk, Jason Hubbell; treasurer, Philo S. Ruggles; trustees, Aaron Shepard, Asahel Palmiter, A. S. Chapman. 1838. Clerk, Jason Hubbell; treasurer, Philo S. Ruggles; trustees, A. S. Chapman, A. B. Haight, Jabez Gallup. 1839. Clerk, Jason Hubbell; treasurer, P. S. Ruggles; trustees, A. B. Haight, Stephen Titus, Aaron Shepard. 1840. Clerk, Thos. M. Bayard; treasurer, P. S. Ruggles; trustees, A. H Brainard, Wileman White, Stephen Titus. 1841. Clerk, Justus Hamilton; treasurer, P. S. Ruggles; trustees, A. H. Brainard. Y. L. Morgan, Jr., G. Bradford. 1842. Clerk, Justus Hamilton; treasurer, P. S. Ruggles; trustees, Y. L. Morgan, George Rathbone, J. Hopkinson. 1843. Clerk, John Keys; treasurer, P. S. Ruggles; trustees, John Hopkinson, Nehemiah Marks, G. S. Rathbone. 1844. Clerk, Harvey Burke; treasurer, Spencer Warner; trustees, N. Marks, G. S. Rathbone, John Hopkinson. 1845. Clerk, E. G. Simmons; treasurer, Spencer Warner; trustees, B. L Wiggles, Eben Miles, F. A. Andrews. 1846. Clerk, John Keys; treasurer, Henry Marble; trustees, B. L. Wiggins, Thomas Garfield, Alonzo Carter. 1847. Clerk, John Keys; treasurer, Henry Marble; trustees, Thomas Garfield, E. Rathbone, J. S. Ruggles. 1848. Clerk, John Keys; treasurer, A. W. Gaylord; trustees, Thomas Garfield, J. S. Ruggles, Elias Shepard. 1849. Clerk, Harvey Burke; treasurer, A. W. Gaylord; trustees, I. G. Ruggles, Elias Shepard, I. W. Kingsbury. 1850. Clerk, Harvey Burke; treasurer, C. P. Jewett; trustees, E. G. Simmons, Wm. Kelley, James T. Worley. 1851. Clerk, Harvey Burke; treasurer, C. P. Jewett; trustees, N. T. Meech, J. N. Cannell, Thomas Garfield. 1852. Clerk, Harvey Burke; treasurer, Elias Shepard; trustees, Thos. Garfield, N. T. Meech, C. P. Jewett. 1853. Clerk, Harvey Burke; treasurer, Elias Shepard; trustees, Thos. Garfield, Sam'l Stewart, B. L. Wiggins. 1854. Clerk, H. S. Pratt; treasurer, Wm. Bergen; trustees, A. H. Brainard, Henry Marble, B. L. Wiggins. 1855. Clerk, Alex. Topp rig; treasurer, Wm. Bergen; trustees B. L. Wiggins, I. Brayton. C. P. Jewett. 1856. Clerk, Alex. Topping; treasurer, Wm. Bergen; trustees, B. L. Wiggins, R. Edwards, F. A. Andrews. 1857. Clerk, A. B. Ruggles; treasurer, H. Burghardt; trustees, B. L. Wiggins, F. A. Andrews, Alex. Topping. 1858. Clerk, E. W. Greenwood; treasurer, H. W. Burghardt; trustees, D. L. Wiggins, Jos. Turney, A. P. Leland. 1859. Clerk, A. J. Hamilton; treasurer, Moses Fish; trustees, Jos. Turney, A. A. Jewett, Richard Rodway. 1860. Clerk, A. J. Hamilton; treasurer, Moses Fish; trustees, A. A. Jewett, Clark Caley, F. A. Andrus. 1861. Clerk, J. II. Shepard; treasurer, C. P. Jewett; trustees, A. W. Morgan, Thos. Garfield, Jabez Lovett. 1862. Clerk, J. H. Shepard; treasurer, P. S. Ruggles; trustees, Thos. Garfield, Moses Fish, P. Potts. 1863. Clerk, J. G. Ruggles; treasurer, E. T. Hamilton; trustees, G. R. Bowman, Thos. Caine, John Hopkinson. 1864. Clerk, J. A. Dyer; treasurer, E. G. Hamilton; trustees, J. D. Runnels, Wm. Jones, C. P. Jewett. 1865. Clerk, R. M. Choate; treasurer, D. J. Wilder; trustees, C. P, Jewett, J. D. Runnels, Elias Shepard. 1866. Clerk, R. M. Cboate; treasurer, N. B. Wiggins; trustees, C. P. Jewett, Moses Fish, Frank Andrews. 1867. Clerk, M. R. Hughes; treasurer, H. C. Ruggles; trustees, Moses Fish, C. P. Jewett, H. Carter. 1868. Clerk, M. R. Hughes; treasurer, H. C. Ruggles; trustees, Elias Shepard, Henry Carter, Thos. Garfield. 1869. Clerk, M. R. Hughes; treasurer, M. M. Jones; trustees, Elias Shepard, James Walker, Henry Williams. 1870. Clerk, Wm. H. Cain; treasurer, M. M. Jones; trustees, James Walker, Henry Carter, Moses Fish. 1871. Clerk, Wm. H. Cain; treasurer, A. J. Hamilton; trustees, James Walker, Henry Carter, Joseph Turney. 1872. Clerk, J. Crays; treasurer, Henry Shanks; trustees, Jos. Turney, Moses Fish, Edmund James. 1873. Clerk, George Ruggles; treasurer, Henry Shanks; trustees, C. P. Jewett, Wm. E. Edwards, Cornelius Boyle, 1874. Clerk, Chas. Evarts; treasurer, James Walker; trustees, C. P. Jewett, A. L. Radway, Jacob Flick. 1875. Clerk, James Walker; treasurer, James Walker; trustees, C. P. Jewett, Jacob Flick, A. L. Radway. 1876 and 1877. Clerk and treasurer, James Walker; trustees, Eli W. Carrell, Jacob Flick, A. L. Radway. 1878. Clerk and treasurer, James Walker; trustees, Jacob Flick, A. L. Radway, Richard Woodly. 1879. Clerk and treasurer, James Walker; trustees, A. L. Radway, Richard Woodly and E. W. Cannell. SCHOOLS. Newburg has now five school districts-two having been added during 1879. At the last report, September 1, 1879, for three school districts, the value of school property was set down at $10,000. The amount paid teachers for the year was i735, and the balance of cash in the school fund was $1,400. The number of children of school age was about two hundred, of whom one hundred and ten were enrolled in the schools; the average attendance being sixty-six. The great discrepancy between the enumeration and enrollment is explained by the statement that many of the children in the township attend a Catholic school in the eighteenth ward of Cleveland. Two fine brick school-houses, expected to cost $1,600 each, are now being erected in the two recently created districts. The five districts are located as follows: No. 1, in the northeast; No. 2, on Miles avenue; No. 3, on the Bedford road; No. 4, near the California powder works, and No. 5, on -Union street. The members of the board of education are Boardman Pearse, 0. W. Quiggin, John R. Edwards, John B. Collett and Jacob Cramer. MANUFACTURES. The manufacturing industries, although few in number, are of considerable importance. THE AUSTIN POWDER COMPANY, (an outgrowth of the firm of Austin & Sons, which was founded in Ohio in 1833), was incorporated in 484 - THE TOWNSHIPS OF CUYAHOGA COUNTY. 1868, with a capital of $300,000, for the purpose of manufacturing all kinds of powder. The works are located near what is called five-mile-lock. Here the company owns one hundred and thirty acres of land, upon which are the mills, tenement houses, etc. Thirty men are employed, and about four hundred kegs of powder are produced daily; the product including blasting, mining, shipping, cannon, meal, and several grades of sporting powder. Mr. L. Austin, who was the secretary of the company until 1873, has been its president since that time. THE CALIFORNIA POWDER COMPANY, an association incorporated by the State of California, has branch factories in various parts of the country, and among them one ill Newburg. This branch was established in 1877, for the purpose of manufacturing dynamite, or Hercules powder, for blasting. The business at these works aggregates $300,000 annually. Forty men are employed, being under the direction of William Willson, the superintendent. The mills are located near the line of the Ohio canal, in a deep ravine upon an extensive farm owned by the company, and comprise about a dozen different structures. THE NEWBURG FERTILIZER COMPANY, composed of J. B. Peck, J. II. Breck, Jr., and E. S. Peck have a large establishment near the river devoted to the manufacture of bone-dust, superphosphate of lime and neatsfoot oil. The company was established about three years ago, as the successor of Davidson & Pal men CHAPTER LXXX. OLMSTEAD. The First Improvement—James Geer- Elijah and D. J. Stearns—A Large Purchase—D. J. Stearns Becomes a Pioneer—Celebrating the Fourth—Daniel Bunnel—Olmstead Called Kingston—Three Lonesome Years—High Price for Wheat—First Marriage—First Birth—First Death—Amos Briggs --Mrs., Scales and the Wild Animals—Major Hoadley—His Girls Raise a House—Remark. able Death of John Hanley—Settlers After 1819—First Gristmill —First Religious Organizations—Indian Sugar Bush—Organization of Lenox—Division of Lenox—Reorganization—First Officers Afterward—A Big "Black Squirrel"—Lenox Changes to Olmstead— The Seven Fitches—Mr. Bamnum's House—Kilpatrick's Mill—First Tavern —The Union Meeting-house —A Lyceum on Butternut Ridge—General Improvement—The Railroads— Olmstead Falls and Lake View—The War—Stone Quarries—The Universalist Church— Wesleyan Methodist Church---Methodist Episcopal Church—Congregational Church on the Ridge—St. Mary's Church—Congregational Church at the Falls—Union School—Lyceum, etc., in District Number One—Olmstead Falls Village—Principal Township Officers. TOWNSHIP six and range fifteen, now known as Olmstead, saw the first improvement made while war was still raging along the not distant frontier. In the year 1814 James Geer, then a resident of Columbia, which is now in Lorain county, but was at that time in Cuyahoga, cut out the underbrush and girdled the trees on a small piece of land in the southwest corner of the township, on what has since been known as the Browning farm. This he planted to corn the same year, and raised such a crop as he could among the trees. The next spring, after the declaration of peace, Mr. Geer put up a small log house at the place first mentioned, and moved thither with his family, becoming the first permanent resident of the present township of Olmstead. His son, Calvin Geer, was then a boy of seven, and is now the earliest surviving resident of the township. Wild beasts swarmed all around, and often appeared in the edge of the little clearing. One of young Calvin's oldest recollections is regarding the slaughter by his father of a bear which showed himself one Sunday evening, soon after their arrival, on the bank of Rocky river, not far from their cabin. Mr. Geer's first shot broke the animal's back, but such was his size and vitality that it took three more balls to kill him. The same year, 1815, Elijah Stearns and his son, David Johnson Stearns, came to Kingston, as Olmstead was then called, to select land for future settle-. ment. The senior Mr. Stearns had a large family of boys, and was desirous to obtain an extensive tract of land for their use. He selected and purchased a thousand and two acres on Butternut Ridge, in the northwest part of the township, at two dollars per acre. Of this it was arranged that D. J. Stearns was to have a hundred and fifty acres. The latter was then an active, enterprising young mall of twenty-one, with a constitution remarkably well fitted to bear the hardships of frontier life, as is shown by the fact that after passing through the whole pioneer period of Olmstead's existence, and after residing sixty-three years in the township, he still survives, at the age of eighty-five, in a condition of remarkable physical vigor, and of undiminished mental power. It was expected that the proprietors would send a surveyor to lay out the land, and D. J. Stearns waited awhile for his arrival, in the meantime clearing off a small piece of land near the present residence of Burl Stearns. He then returned to Vermont. In 1816, having perfected the purchase of his land, he came-back to Kingston to reside upon it. He was accompanied by his brother Alva, and by Asa Knapp, but they only remained long enough to help him put up a log house and make a beginning in the woods. Mr. Stearns still preserves a note of three hundred and thirty-four dollars, one of four given by the Stearns' for land, to the trustees of the estate of Aaron Olmstead, who had been in his lifetime the proprietor of the township. Young Stearns had a sub-agency under Judge Kirtland, the agent of the proprietors, to sell their land. He, however,had sold only two lots when the owners stopped the sale. The Fourth of July, 1816, was celebrated by Mr. Stearns, assisted by Mr. Geer, in clearing out the "ridge road" from Rocky river, along Butternut ridge, toward the home of the former. They worked from sunrise till sunset, cutting out the saplings so as to make a passable pathway, for a distance of two miles. OLMSTEAD - 485 That same spring Daniel Bunnel moved from Columbia to the northeast corner of Olmstead, and built a rough plank house, becoming the third resident of the township. As we have said, the township was then called Kingston, but this name had no legal validity; it was merely applied at the fancy of the proprietors to survey-township number six. Many such names were given on the Western Reserve, some of which were retained, while others were changed. Owing to the stoppage of the sale of land by the proprietors, young Stearns remained almost alone in that part of the township until 1819, keeping bachelor's hall the whole time. In 1817 he was obliged to pay three dollars a bushel for wheat, which he bought near Black River. Having other business to attend to, lie gave half of it to another man to take to mill. The latter went with a yoke of oxen, and, finding the nearer mill closed for want of water, he was obliged to go to Chagrin river to get the wheat ground. It took him a week to go and return. Salt at the same time was twenty dollars a barrel. The first wedding in the township was that of Harvey Hartson and Eunice Parker, which took place at the residence of James Geer, in the spring of 1817. Hartson located himself near Geer. - The same spring, and at the same house, occurred the first birth, that of Mr. Geer's daughter, Julia. The child died when two years old, this being the first death in the township. In 1817 Amos Briggs settled on the west part of Butternut Ridge, on what has since been known as the Robb farm. In 1818 Isaac Scales built a house and brought his family to live on the east end of the ridge, near Rocky river. He and his wife lived there without neighbors about a year. As he was obliged to go to Columbia to work most of the time, Mrs. Scales had a most lonesome experience. Often she had to get up in the night, with a broom, to drive the wildcats out of the loft of her house. One day she saw a bear hugging the dog to death in the front yard. She took down the old musket from over the fireplace, but finally concluded that it would be more dangerous than the hear. The latter left the dog apparently dead, and waddled off into the woods. Poor Tray, however, recovered from the effects of his extremely bad company, but in a very dilapidated condition. Add to such events as these the frequent appearance of wandering Indians, and it must be admitted that there was enough to try a woman's nerves most severely. In February, 1819, Mr. Stearns was married to Polly Barnum; this being, we believe, the second wedding in the township. A little later in the same spring Major Samuel Hoadley settled near Scales's place, at the east end of Butternut ridge. He and his family at first occupied a log house, but immediately began the erection of a framed one. After the frame was completed, ready to raise, one day late in the summer Major Hoadley and his wife went away for the day, leaving at home his daughters, Maria and Eunice, the carpenter, James Miles, and a man named Eliot Smith. During the day Mrs. Scales also came over to visit them. The two girls, both enterprising, wide-awake young women, determined that they would surprise their parents by raising the new house while they were gone. It was not a very large one, the timbers were light, the carpenter offered to help and to see that the work was done properly, young Smith was very ready to give his best assistance, and Mrs. Scales proffered a pair of arms not at all to be despised. So at it they went. Under Mr. Miles's direction they all took hold, carried the timbers to their proper position, fitted the sills into place, and matched the bents together. Then with hands and pike-poles the three women and two men started a bent upward, and to the cheery "heave-ho !" of the carpenter steadily raised it to its place. The other work quickly followed, and when Major and Mrs. Hoadley returned at nightfall, their eyes were greeted with the sight of a frame completely erected and ready for the clapboards, while, to their astonished inquiries, two demure young ladies answered quietly, "Oh, we did it;" as if raising houses was the commonest thing in the world for them to do. The next spring Maria Hoadley, one of the heroines of this adventure, was married to John Adams, a newly arrived young pioneer. They settled near by, have ever since resided in the township, and now live at West View. Eunice Hoadley afterward became Mrs. John Barnum. The second death, and first serious accident in the township, occurred in the autumn of 1819, in a very peculiar manner. Mr. D. J. Stearns had a boy of Irish parentage, named John Hanley, about fifteen years old, living with him, whose parents resided in Ridgeville, now Lorain county. One day the boy obtained permission to visit his home, promising to return in time to do the chores at night. The night set in dark, and the boy did not appear. His wife being absent Mr. Stearns was in his house alone. Late in the night be heard an agonized voice shrieking "Oh! dear! Oh! dear!" at some distance from the house. For a moment it ceased, and then it was heard again nearer than _ before. Mr. Stearns stepped out of the door, where he was suddenly grasped by a man •who flung his arms around him in a state of frantic excitement, crying out at the same time: "Oh ! my boy is kilt ! my boy is kilt ! my boy is kilt !" As soon as Mr. Stearns could recover from his astonishment, and get the man to the light, he found that his visitor was Mr. Hanley, the father of John. It was with great difficulty that he could quiet the frantic Irishman so as to obtain even the slightest idea of what was the matter. At length, however, he succeeded in learning from the broken ejaculations of the distracted father, mingled with sobs and groans, and cries of anguish, that Hanley and his son had been coon-hunting, and that a large tree had fallen upon his boy and probably crushed him to death, a mile or two out in the woods, to the northeast. 486 - THE TOWNSHIPS OF CUYAHOGA COUNTY. Knowing that he could do nothing without assistance, Mr. Stearns made Hanley promise to remain at the house until he could obtain aid. His nearest neighbor, Amos Briggs, was absent, and there were no others nearer than a mile and a half. lie accordingly went to Mr. Briggs's stable, and took his horse to go for help. Ere he could mount, however, Hanley came rushing up, and again flung his arms about the young man, crying out that his " boy was kilt" in all the agony of unreasoning despair. Again Mr. Stearns pacified him, and persuaded him to return to the house. The former then rode a mile and a half, and obtained the help of three newcomers, Bennett Powell, Job Cole and another whose name is not recollected. The four returned with all speed to Stearns's house, where they found the desolate father with whom they set out to find the scene of the disaster. Hauley, however, had been so frightened and demoralized by the catastrophe that he could give no clear idea of the direction to be taken. Nevertheless he thought it was somewhat east of north, and he knew there was a turning tree where the sad event had occurred. The five men hurried forward through the darkness in the general direction indicated, and at length, saw a light in advance. Shaping their course toward it, they soon arrived at the turning tree. There they soon found that the distracted father's words were but too true; the poor boy was indeed killed. A large ash tree lay where it had fallen, directly across the youth's head, which was crushed out of all semblance of humanity, while his body was raised from the ground by the pressure on his head. It seems as they gathered from Hanley's broken statements, and his subsequent utterances in a quieter state, that he had persuaded his son to remain and hunt coons with him, instead of returning to Stearns' that night. They had gone east a mile or two along the line between townships six and seven (Olmstead and Dover), and had then borne southward into the former township. At length, the night being cold and damp, they built a fire at the foot of a hollow ash tree, and determined to wait for the moon. The boy lay down upon a grassy knoll a short distance from the fire, while his father sat with his back to a hickory tree in the opposite direction, and both soon went to sleep. An hour or so later the old man was awakened by a tremendous crash, directly over his head. The hollow ash had burned off and had fallen against the hickory by which Hanley sat. The tough wood of the latter bent before the blow and then recoiled with such force that it threw the ash back in the opposite direction, so as to fall directly across the head of the sleeping boy. His father was so frightened and horrified that he ran screaming. into the woods entirely at random, and by mere accident came out at Mr. Stearns' clearing. When the four Americans saw the situation they went to work with the axes which they had of course brought with them to chop off the tree on eaoh side of the corpse. Mr. Stearns, however, was obliged to devote himself to holding the half-crazy father to keep him from running under the axes of the choppers in the fruitless attempt to extricate his child. Beneath the sturdy blows of the pioneers the tree was soon severed on either side, and the body taken out. It was carried back to Stearns's, where it was kept the remainder of the night and then taken to Hanley's place in Ridgeville. The accident happened in such a remarkable way that it was long the subject of evening talk among the pioneers of Olmstead. After 1819 emigrants came in more rapidly than before. Among those who came within the next five years, besides those already named, were Isaac Frost, Elias Frost, Zenas Barnum, Harry Barnum, Crosby Baker, Horace F. Adams, Amos Wolf, Truman Wolf, Christian Wolf, Charles Usher, Hezekiah Usher, Ransom J. Adams, Hosea Bradford, H. G. Seekins, Natrous Usher, Noble Hotchkiss, Thomas Briggs, Otis Briggs, Alvah Stearns, Elijah Stearns, Jr., Yespasian Stearns, Elliott Stearns, Lyman Frost., Hosea Bradford, Lucius Adams and A. G. R. Stearns. Besides the six Stearns brothers who have been named, a seventh, Sidney, began improvements in the township, but died in a short time afterward. During this period Lemuel Hoadley and Crosby Baker built the first gristmill and sawmill in the township, on the west branch of Rocky river, just above the junction with the east branch. A small society of the Methodist Church was organized and occasional meetings were held. Clearings were made here and there in all parts of the townships except the southwestern section, which was the last to be settled. Old Indian wigwams were still standing, and Indians frequently came and set their traps for the various fur-bearing animals which still abounded. D. J. Stearns found an old Indian sugar-bush on the place afterward occupied by Mr. A. Tyler. Hither the Indians were accustomed to come annually to make sugar-or, rather, the squaws made the sugar and the Indians ate it. They made sap-troughs out of birch-bark, which they brought with them from Sandusky, there being no birch in Olmstead. Kettles to boil the sap in must have been procured from the whites, but after they had "sugared off" they were accustomed to make a great store-trough of the elm bark, which would hold twelve or fifteen barrels. Here the sugar was kept for common use, while the tribe remained in that section; the remnant being carried with them when they returned to Sandusky. In the forepart of 1823 number six, in range fifteen, was formed into a civil township by the name of Lenox, and on the 14th of April in that year it was organized by the election of its first officers. The principal of these were Amos Briggs, Watrous Usher and Hosea Bradford, as trustees; D. J. Stearns, clerk, and Isaac Frost, treasurer. Lenox continued in exist- OLMSTEAD - 487 ence two years at this time. In 1825 it was cut in twain, and the east half of it again attached to Middleburg, while the western portion was made a part of Ridgeville, Lorain county: This state of affairs continued two years more, when the west half of the township was set back into Cuyahoga county, the two halves were united, and the breath of municipal life was again breathed into the defunct form of Lenox. The first election in the resuscitated township was held on the 18th bf June, 1827, E. C. Frost, Thomas Briggs and Harry Barnum being the judges of the election. As this is the first complete list we have of officers chosen in the territory now constituting Olmstead, we give it entire. Besides, it will show a good portion of those who were residents of the township in 1827, as it must have taken half of them to hold the offices. The list is as follows: Trustees, Truman Wolf, Alvah Stearns and Elias C. Frost; clerk, D. J. Stearns; treasurer, Isaac C. Frost; constables, Joel B. Lawrence and Elliott Stearns; overseers of the poor, John Barnum and Elias P. Usher; fence yiewers, Olden Thompson and Harry Shults; supervisors of highways, Daniel Bunnel, Hezekiah Usher, H. F. Adams and Elliott Smith. Besides these, Watrous Usher was a justice of the peace. The first tax was half a mill on the dollar. Immediately after the organization the township was divided into three school districts. About this period Watrous Usher built a sawmill at Olmstead Falls, being the first improvement at that now thriving village. By this time the rifles began to be a little too thick even for the bears, which had previously flourished in great abundance. In fact, it seems as if Bruin was more prosperous for several years after the advent of the white man than he had been before; for in a short time after his arriyal, nearly every settler had fifteen or twenty hogs roaming through the woods, and nothing suited better the taste of the bears, who killed and devoured great numbers of them. But, as has been said, the rifles were getting too thick for them. Our friend Stearns, whom we have so often referred to, was not a "mighty hunter," having observed that mighty hunters seldom made good farmers. Like nearly everybody else, however, he kept a rifle, and one day he loaned it (to hunt squirrels) to a youngster who was at work for him, who seems not to have been very bright for a pioneer boy, and who must have been a new-comer. After hunting awile be found something in a hollow tree, which he supposed to be a monstrous black squirrel. Sticking his rifle into the hollow, close to the animal's head, he fired. The "black squirrel " came out growling, and sorely wounded—not so badly, however, but that he could conquer and mangle terribly the dog which was with the youngster, and which was bold enough to attack him. Astonished and alarmed at such obstreperous conduct on the part of a "black squirrel," the youth made his way home as fast as possible. As soon as he saw his employer he cried out (calling him by the name by which he was commonly known): "Oh, Johnson! I seen the monstrousest biggest black squirrel out in the woods that ever I seen in all my born days." Mr. Stearns directed him to describe this wonderful squirrel, and immediately recognized it as a bear. The next morning he and three of his friends started out to slay the animal. Being piloted by the boy to the tree before mentioned, they found it marked with blood six feet from the ground, where the creature had stood up and rubbed his wounded head against it. The hunters began to think that they, too, were mistaken as well as the boy, for the marks seemed to indicate something rather too large even for a bear. However, they followed the trail, which was plainly marked with blood, for several miles, and at last came up with the " squirrel." They found it to be a bear, but the largest one, Mr. Stearns says, which he ever saw in all his pioneer experience. One of the party shot and killed him, and it was then found that the bullet of the blundering boy had passed through his nose and broken one of his jaws. After 1830 the bears rapidly disappeared. Deer, however, remained, though in constantly decreasing numbers, and occasionally one was to be seen as late as the building of the Cleveland, Columbus and Cincinnati railroad. Wild turkeys, too, abounded, even to a still later period, and the number of their bodies yearly brought to the tables of the settlers might at one time have been counted by hundreds. For two years after the second organization of Lenox, the township continued to bear that name. During the year 1829, however, Mr. Charles H. Olmstead, who had become the owner of the north part of it as the heir of Aaron Olmstead, deceased, offered to make the people a present of a library if they would change the name of Lenox to Olmstead. The offer was accepted at a township meeting, the name was duly changed by the proper authorities, and the library was duly presented. first election under the name of Olmstead was held in 1830. In 1831 four young men, brothers, by the name of Fitch, settled in the central part of the township, and these were followed a year or two later by three more. These seven brothers were Chester, Eli, Horace, Chauncey, Elisha, Daniel and Sandford Fitch. The families planted by them and by the Stearns brothers have grown and flourished mightily, and from that day to this Olmstead has been celebrated for its Fitches and its Stearnses; it being almost impossible to find a list of Olmstead men associated in political, religious or social life which did not contain some members of both those families. It was about this period (1830) that Major Hoadley and his son-in-law, John Barnum, built a sawmill on Plum creek at Olmstead Falls. Barnum moved thither to attend to the business, and as there was no house he proceeded to make one in short order. He 488 - THE TOWNSHIPS OP CUYAHOGA COUNTY. cut down a large whitewood tree near the bank of the creek, and this formed one end of his house. A few smaller logs were laid up, some saplings placed on top to support a temporary roof and the mansion was complete. However, Mr. Barnum speedily constructed a more commodious residence. His son, Luther Barnum, a well-known citizen of Olmstead Falls, was then a year old. Uriah Kilpatrick soon after built a little " packet " gristmill, also on Plum creek. Both the mill and its owner were of a slow and easy nature, and the patience of his customers was sometimes severely tried. A poor fellow named Powell, sharp enough naturally, but with shattered intellect, who used to string verses together for the edification of people, once applied to Mr. Barnum, who was a justice of the peace, for a warrant against Kilpatrick for some imaginary offense. Barnum refused it, but to divert Powell's mind told him he might make some verses against the offender, which would be just as effective as a warrant. The rhymester, desirous to hit the justice as well as the miller, studied a few moments, and delivered himself as follows: "Iron beetles are seldom found, But basswood justices here abound. On the banks of Rocky river Tall Kilpatrick's nose doth quiver; There he sits in Ids slow mill, Which most folks think is standing still." Kilpatrick's little mill was kept up ten or twelve years and then abandoned. Hoadley & Barker's gristmill, down near the junction, was transferred to Loyal Peck, but this, too, has long since ceased to exist. Shortly after Kilpatrick:, Peter Kidney built a gristmill on the river, below the mouth of Plum creek. N. P. Loomis, who came to Olmstead Falls in 1834, says there was then no road cut through the village; nothing but a path along the river bank. The main road, however, was "slashed out," but was not ready for use. Where the Union school house now stands was a frog pond, and there were only; six houses on the ground now occupied by the village. Some of the pioneers had made a practice of keeping travelers when necessary, but it was not until about this period that there was a regular hotel in the township. It was kept by William Romp, who erected a large framed building for the purpose, near the river, below Butternut. Ridge. He also carried on the first store in the township, at the same point, except, perchance, a few goods kept for sale in the houses of settlers. It was about 1835 that the first church edifice was erected in the township. It was a union church, built by the Presbyterians, Methodists and Universalists, each denomination raising what they could, and the time which each was allowed to occupy it being in proportion to the amount subscribed. It was subsequently used as a town house, being located at what was called town-house corners, some two miles north of Olmstead Falls. It was used for that purpose until about 1849, when the town business was removed to Olmstead Falls. The first Sunday-school in the township was established on Butternut Ridge in 1833 or '34. The ridge was settled by a very enterprising, wide-awake set of people, and all intellectual and moral improvements found ready encouragement at their hands. As early as 1837 a lyceum, or debating school, was formed in school district number one, toward the east end of the ridge, being the first institution of the kind in the township. Something of that class has been maintained there almost ever since, and we will have something more to say of it a little farther on. Meanwhile the township was rapidly assuming the outward garb of civilization. The clearings on each farm, at first small, were extended so as to include the larger part of the area; log houses gave place to frames, pumps appeared instead of the picturesque but inconvenient well-sweeps which were previously seen in every door-yard, and a hundred minor changes indicated by the end of the first half of the century that the pioneer period had changed into the farming period. Yet deer were still sometimes seen in the southwest part of the township, and occasionally one strayed into other sections, and the young men had not lost the skill of their fathers, so but that they were soon out in arms to make venison of the unlucky intruder. In 1849, the Cleveland, Columbus and Cincinnati railroad was built through the southeast part of the township. This gave a still greater impetus to settlement, and the last of the wild animals soon disappeared before the shriek of the locomotive. In January, 1853, the Toledo, Norwalk and Cleveland railroad (now a part of the Lake Shore and Michigan Southern) was opened for use; running almost exactly east and west in a straight line through the center of the township. Villages grew up. around the two depots; that on the Cleveland, Columbus, Cincinnati and Indianapolis road being called West View, while that on the Lake Shore road retained its old name of Olmstead Falls: On the 7th of April, 1856, the latter village was incorporated under that name, although at its first election only twenty-six votes were cast. The next year the embryo village of Plum Creek was added to Olmstead Falls; 'making a town which covered a very large area in proportion to its population, but which has been steadily though slowly filling up ever since. West View is a smaller village, a store, two or three shops and about thirty houses. In 1856 the basement of the Methodist church at Olmstead Falls was purchased by the township for a town house, at a cost of two hundred and fifty dollars. The part taken by the soldiers of Olmstead in the war for the Union is told in the records of the Cuyahoga county regiments, in the general history of the county. Since the war the history of the township has been uneventful, as is the case with most farming communities, after the close of the pioneer era. The OLMSTEAD - 489 most important event has been the opening of quarries of building stone along the banks of Rocky river, of the same quality as the celebrated Berea stone, which is taken out only a few miles distant. A quarry was opened near West View in 1870, which has been successfully carried on ever since. It employs about twenty five hands, and a railroad has been built to carry the stone from the quarry to West View station. Two quarries were also opened at Olmstead Falls, and for five or six years employed fifty men each, but were closed in 1876. The following is a list of the various business places, shops, etc., at the Falls; General stores, four; drug stores, two; tailor shop, one; blacksmiths' shops, three; shoe shops, three; tin shop, one; grist mill, one; broom factory, one; felloc shop-; one; lumber yard, one. The population of the village is about seven hundred. We will now give some sketches and statistics which could not well be incorporated in the general story of the township. THE UNIVERSALIST CHURCH (BUTTERNUT RIDGE). This church was organized by Rev. Harlow P. Sage as early as 1834, being one of the first Universalist churches in this section. Rey. Stephen Hull was the first minister, and preached from that time some twelve or fifteen years. He was succeeded by Rev. Isaac R. Henry, who officiated about ten years. As before stated the Universalists, soon after the formation of the society, united with the Methodists and Presbyterians in building a union house of worship. In 1847 they ereoted one of their own; a commodious framed edifice on Butternut Ridge, which has ever since been occupied by them. After Mr. Henry the pulpit was occupied in succession by Messrs. Tillotson, French, Shipman, Sykes, Rice, Weeks and Canfield. In 1878 a lady, the Rev. Mrs. Danforth, was called to the pastorate, which she has since acceptably filled. The church now numbers a little over sixty members. It was legally organized in 1868. Its present trustees are Buel Stearns, Jonathan Carpenter and John Foster. THE WESLEYAN METHODIST CHURCH (WEST VIEW). This society was formed on the fourth day of April, 1843; the first members, whose names are preserved, being Ransom Bronson and Harriet M., his wife; John Adams and Maria, his wife; Lucius Adams and Electa, his wife; Mary Banarce and Sarah Banarce. James Pearson and William Beeham were then the circuit preachers. The organization was called Hoadley's Mills church, or station, until 1861, when it receiyed the name of West View. Frem such records as can be found we learn that in 1863 the ministers on the circuit were A. W. Sanders, W. B. Moody and G. C. Hicks; in 1864 and '65, E. D. Fink; in 1866 and '67, Thomas F. Hicks; in 1868, '69 and '70, J. Nettleton; in 1871, '72 and '73, J. E. Carroll; in 1874, '75 and '76, J. Nettleton; n 1877, William Snell; in 1878, William Moody. The stewards are H. Walkden, Joseph Reed and J. Case; the clerk and treasurer, O. P. Smith; the trustees, R. Bronson, T. Price, J. Adams, A. J. Pickard and B. Ruple. Since 1865 the church has been a part of Rocky River circuit (previously of Strongsville), which is composed of West View and North Olmstead churches. NORTH OLMSTEAD CHURCH (WESLEYAN METHODIST). The church edifice belonging to this society is situated in the extreme northeast corner of the township of Olmstead, but its congregation comes principally from Rockport and Dover. Its ministers since 1865 haye been the same as those above given as officiating at West View. METHODIST EPISCOPAL CHURCH (OLMSTEAD FALLS). There had been early preaching by the Methodists in Olmstead, but no society was regularly organized until 1843. From that time forward services were punctually held, and in 1851 the present framed church building was erected at Olmstead Falls. The latter preachers, who are all whose names we can obtain, have been Uriah Richards, in 1872, '73 and '74; Banias Ushower, in 1875 and '76; James Burleson, in 1878. The trustees are Lester Bradford, Charles Monks, Chauncey Fitch, William Butlin, Asahel Osborn. The stewards are the same, with the addition of David Wright and Freeman Bradford. The church is now a part of Olmstead and Columbia circuit. CONGREGATIONAL CHURCH (ON BUTTERNUT RIDGE). The church edifice occupied by this society was originally built for the use of the Methodists oyer thirty years ago. In the course of time, howeyer, most of the members of that denomination in that vicinity died or moved away, and in 1872 the building was transferred to the Congregationalists, who have since held regular services in it. The first pastor was H. C. Johnson, who remained one year; E. P. Clisbee, one year; — — Westervelt, one and a half years; D. M. Bosworth, one and a half years; Richard Grosvenor, one year; and Rev. John Patchin, who began his services in 1878. The deacons are Richard Carpenter, James Garrison, Mr. Youngs and Benjamin Salisbury. The church is now in a prosperous condition and numbers about fifty members. ST. MARY'S CHURCH (CATHOLIC). In the year 1855 Father Louis Filiere organized St. Mary's Church, and the same year the congregation erected the commodious church-edifice at Olmstead Falls. Father Filiere remained in charge as priest until 1874. He was succeeded by Father Edward J. Murphy, who remained until 1876, when he gave place to Father James M. Cullen, the. present incumbent. The church-building was originally erected in the north part of the village, but has been moved to a pleasant site in the southern portion. A stone 490 - THE TOWNSHIPS OF CUYAHOGA COUNTY. parsonage stands near it, and there is also a schoolhouse, in which a school has been kept for the last few years. The councilmen are John Dalton, Patrick McCarty and Joseph Ward. There are now about forty families connected with the church. FIRST CONGREGATIONAL CHURCH (OLMSTEAD FALLS). This was the first church organized in the township, of which any record is preserved, the date of its formation being the 16th day of April, 1835. The first members were Mary Ann Fitch, Jerusha Loomis, Cynthia House, Catharine Nelson, Abner N. Nelson, Sylvester Nelson, Sumner W. Nelson, William Wood, Mary Ann Wood, Rachel Wait, Emeline Spencer, Lydia, Cune, Jotham How, Anna S. How, Harriet Dryden, Esther E. Kennedy. The fortunes of the church haye been very changeful; some of the time no pastor has been employed, and still more of the time no records have been preserved. It was at first connected with the Cleveland presbytery, but soon after joined the Congregational association. Rev. Israel Mattison was the first regular pastor, beginning his services in 1831. Among those who have followed hiln have been Rey. James Steele in 1844; Rev. 0. W. White in 1854; Rev. E. P. Clisbee in 1857; Rev. Z. P. Disbrow, at various times from 1862 to 1870; Rev. Q. M. Bosworth in 1876; Rev. Richard Grogan in 1877; Rev. John Patchin in 1878. The church building was erected in 1848. The trustees are Hugh Kyle, 0. W. Kendall and N. P. Loomis. OLMSTEAD FALLS UNION SCHOOL. This very creditable institution has about a hundred and fifty scholars, and is graded in three departments, primary, intermediate and high school, though sometimes only two teachers are employed. The school-house, a very fine brick building for a village of that size, two stories high, with ample and convenient rooms, was erected in 1874. LYCEUM, SCHOOL, ETC., IN DISTRICT NO. ONE. As we haye stated in the general sketch of the township, a lyceum, or debating school, was organized in this district in 1837, and the people of " the Ridge " were somewhat noted for their fondness for whateyer intellectual exercises could be indulged in in a secluded situation. In 1852, on the occasion of building a new school-house in district No. 1, eight young men and boys put their loose change together, bought the old house, and moyed it on to the land of V. and E. Stearns to be used as a meeting-place for the lyceum. It was used for that purpose until 1860. The Good Templars were then given the use of it, and occupied it about fifteen years. In 1878 it was transferred to the district board of education, and now used for the higher department of the grade school which has been organized in district No. 1. OLMSTEAD FALLS VILLAGE. First election April 7, 1856. Officers elected: Thomas Brown, mayor; Wm. S. Carpenter, recorder; H. S. Howe, N. P. Loomis, William W. Smith, Thos. Broadwell and George C. Knight, trustees. List of Mayors: Wm. S. Carpenter, 1856 and '57; Wm. Giddings, (Chancey Mead elected in May) 1858; 0. W. Kendall, 1859 and '60; N. P. Loomis, 1861; John Lay, 1862; Elisha Fitch, (W. S. Carpenter elected in May) 1863; D. H. Cottrell, 1864; O. W. Kendall, 1865; H. K. Minor, 1866 and '67; L. B. Adams, 1869, '70 and '71; Luther Barnum, 1872, '73 '74 and '75; L. B. Adams, 1876 and '77; re-elected for two years in 1878. PRINCIPAL TOWNSHIP OFFICERS. (SO FAR AS THEY CAN BE OBTAINED FROM THE RECORDS). 1823. (Lenox) Trustees, Amos Briggs, Watrous Usher, Hosea Bradford; clerk, D. J. Stearns; treasurer, Isaac Frost. 1824. Not recorded. 1825 and '26. Township annulled and divided. 1827. (Lenox reorganized.) Trustees, Truman Wolf, Alvah Stearns, Elias C. Frost; clerk, D. J. Stearns; treasurer, Isaac Frost; overseers of the poor, John Barnum, Elias P. Usher. 1828. (Lenox) Trustees, Davis Ross, Alvah Stearns, Lucius Adams; clerk, D. J. Stearns; treasurer, Thomas Briggs; overseers of the poor, E. C. Frost, H. Bradford. 1829. (Lenox) Trustees, D. Ross, A. Stearns, L. Adams; clerk, D. J. Stearns; treasurer, Buel Peck; overseers of the poor, Peter Romp, Ardello Harris. 1830. (Olmstead) Trustees, Noble Hotchkiss, Davis Ross, Vespasian Stearns; clerk, D. J. Stearns (declined, and Jonas Clisbee appointed); treasurer, A. Stearns; overseers of the poor, E. C. Frost, Jonathan Thompson. 1831. Trustees, Vespasian Stearns, Elliott Smith, Amos Briggs ; clerk, Jonas Clisbee; treasurer, A. Stearns; overseers of the poor, E. C. Frost, Thomas Briggs. 1832. Trustees, A. Briggs, J. Barnum, John Kennedy ; clerk, J. Clisbee ; treasurer, John Adams. 1833. Trustees, J. Kennedy, N. Hotchkiss, J. Carpenter; clerk, J. Clisbee; treasurer, J. Adams; overseers of the poor, D. Ross, George Keeler. 1834. Trustees, D. J. Stearns, N. Hotchkiss, L. Adams; clerk, Orson Spencer; treasurer, J. Adams; overseers of the poor, Elliot Stearns, J. Adams. 1835. Trustees, D. J. Stearns, William Wood, Nelson Hoadley; clerk, O. Spencer; treasurer, J. Adams; overseers of the poor, N. Hotchkiss, J. Carpenter. 1836. Trustees, William Wood, Jonas Clisbee, Hiram Frisbee; clerk, O. Spencer; treasurer, Nahum Rice; overseers of the poor, Amos Briggs, Cyrus P. Dryden. 1837. Trustees, Hrram Frisbee, Vespasian Stearns, Nelson Hoadley; treasurer, Hiram B. Gleason; clerk, Chester Phillips; overseers of the poor, William Wood, Nahum Rice. 1838. Trustees, Peter Kidney, Vespasian Stearns, John Kennedy; clerk, Jotham Howe; treasurer, H. B. Gleason; overseers of the poor, J. Carpenter, Sanford Fitch. 1839. Trustees, Hiram Frisbee, Sanford Fitch, John Kennedy ; clerk, A. W. Ingalls; treasurer, Jotham Howe; overseers of the poor, O. W. Hotchkiss, Abner Nelson. 1840. Trustees, Vespasian Stearns, Chauncey Fitch, William Wood; clerk, Jotham Howe; treasurer, Elisha Fitch; overseers of the poor, John Carpenter, Alden Thompson. 1841. Trustees, John Kennedy, Horace F. Adams, Chauncey Fitch; clerk, J. Howe; treasurer, Elisha Fitch; overseer of the poor, Amos Thompson. 1842. Trustees, H. Frisbee, J. Kennedy, S. Fitch; clerk, Chester Phillips; treasurer, Hiram Gleason; overseers of the poor, E. Fitch, N. B. Sage. 1843. Trustees, Vespasian Stearns, H. Frisbee, S. Fitch; clerk, C. Phillips; treasurer, E. Fitch: overseers of the poor, Amos Briggs, Orson Spencer; assessor, D. J. Stearns. 1844. Trustees, John Kennedy, Elliott Stearns, Josepl S. Allen; clerk, C. Phillips; treasurer, William Romp; overseers of the poor, H. B. Gleason, J. N. Lawrence; assessor, John Barnum. 1845. Trustees, Oliver Weldon, C. Fitch, E. Fitch; clerk, C. Phillips; treasurer, Wm. Romp: assessor, J. Kennedy; overseers of the poor, N. B. Gage, E. Fitch. ORANGE - 491 1846. Trustees, Caleb Cook, Elisha Fitch, Geo. McKillip; clerk, C. Phillips; treasurer, J. Kennedy; assessor, D. J. Stearns. 1847. Trustees, H. Frisbee, S. Fitch, John Carpenter; clerk, Jotham Howe; treasurer, Newton P. Loomis; assessor, V. Stearns. 1848. Trustees, H. K. Miner, Amos Briggs, D. J. Stearns; clerk, J. R„ Henry; treasurer, Thomas F. Husted; assessor, Chester Phillips. 1849. Trustees, Eli Fitch, John Kennedy, Norman Dutcher; clerk, J. R. Henry; treasurer, Jotham Howe; assessor, C. Phillips. 1850. Trustees, Buel Stearns, Chauncey Fitch, Alanson Tilly; clerk, Elliott Stearns; treasurer, Jotham Howe; assessor, C. Phillips. 1851, Trustees, Samuel Daniels, Elias P. Usher, Caleb Cook; clerk, Geo. W. Thompson ; treasurer, William Romp ; assessor, Chauncey Fitch: 1852. Trustees, Samuel Daniels, E. P. Usher, Caleb Cook; clerk, G. W. Thompson; treasurer, Wm. Romp; assessor, C. Fitch. 1853. Trustees, E. P. Usher, Peter Kidney, John Ames; clerk, G. W. Thompson; treasurer, J. Howe; assessor, C. Fitch. 1854. Trustees, E. P. Usher, Chauncey Mead, Harvey Barnum; clerk, G. W. Thompson; assessor, Chauncey Fitch. 1855. Trustees, Cyrus P. Dryden, Harvey Barnum, Eli Fitch; clerk, A. G. Hollister; treasurer, Henry S. Howe; assessor. C. C. Fitch. 1856. Trustees Chauncey Fitch, Thomas Brown, Buel Stearns; clerk, N. P. Loomis; treasurer, Erisha Fitch; assessor, Francis Fitch. 1857. Trustees. C. Fitch, T. Brown. B. Stearns; clerk, N. P. Loomis; treasurer, E. Fitch; assessor, F. Fitch. 1858. Trustees, Eastman Bradford, James P. Rice, C. R. Vaughn; clerk, Jas. H. Strong; treasurer, N. P. Loomis; assessor, C. C. Fitch. 1859. Trustees, C. R. Vaughn, Lewis Short. Charles Carpenter.; clerk, J. H. Strong; treasurer, Eastman Bradford; assessor, Buel Stearns. 1860. Trustees, Henry Romp, O. C. Lawrence, Eli Filch; clerk, Richard Pollard; treasurer, Elisha Fitch; assessor, C. C Fitch. 1861. Trustees, Calvin Geer, Luther Barnum. J. W. Fitch; clerk, O. W. Kendalt; treasurer, C. P. Dryden; assessor, Newell Nelson. 1862. Trustees, J. W. Fitch, H. Romp, Benoni Bartlett; clerk, John G. Fitch; treasurer. Elisha Fitch; assessor, Buel Stearns. 1863. Trustees. S. W. Fitch, H. Hofftyzer, Benj. Salisbury; clerk, John G. Fitch; treasurer, William W. Mead; assessor, Newell Nelson. 1864. Trustees, J. G. Fitch, G. W. Kennedy, C. R. Vaughn; clerk, N. P. Loomis; treasurer, W. W. Mead; assessor, Newell Nelson. 1865. Trustees, Chauncey Fitch, C. C. Fitch. Wm. Busby ; clerk, J. G. Fitch; treasurer, Wm. W. Mead. 1866. Trustees, Eastman Bradford, Calvin Geer, Charles S. Underhill; clerk, J. G. Fitch; treasurer, W. W. Mead; assessor, G. W. Kennedy. 1867. Trustees, Eastman Bradford, Newman Pickard, Charles C. Fitch; clerk, J. G. Fitch; treasurer, W. W. Mead; assessor, Gardner Stearns. 1868. Trustees, C. C. Fitch, Benoni Bartlett, Lester B radford; clerk, Asahel Osborn; treasurer, W. W. Mead; assessor, Gardner Stearns. 1869. Trustees, O. P. Smith, J. R. Ruple, Elisha Fitch; clerk, Asahel Osborn; treasurer, W. W. Mead; assessor, James R. Shaw. 1870, Trustees, Calvin Geer, David H. Barnard, Benj. Salisbury; clerk, A. Osborn; treasurer, W. W. Mead; assessor, R. T. Elliot, 1871. Trustees, B. Salisbury, Lester Bradford, O. P. Smith; clerk, J. G. Fitch; treasurer, W. W. Mead; assessor, Gardner Stearns. 1872. Trustees, D. H. Barnard, C. C. Fitch, Wm. J. Camp; clerk, Henry Northrop; treasurer, W. W. Mead; assessor, Joel Hall. 1873. Trustees, D. H. Barnard, C. C. Fitch, M. E. Baker; clerk, R. Pollard; treasurer, W. W. Mead; assessor, R. T. Elliot. 1874. Trustees, Wm. J. Camp, Jas. Hicky, Wm. Busby; clerk, Richard Pollard; treasurer, Wm. W. Mead; assessor, Lawrence Bramley. 1875. Trustees, Wm. Busby, G. W. Kennedy, L. C. Taney; clerk, Henry Norlhrop; treasurer, Geo. R. Dryden; assessor, Lawrence Bramley. 1876. Trustees, Clayton :harp, G. W. Kennedy, L. C. Taney; clerk, Henry Northrop; treasurer, G. B. Dryden; assessor, Henry Romp. 1877. Trustees, Clayton Sharp, Wm. T. Williams, John Hull; clerk, J. G. Fitch; treasurer, G. B. Dryden; assessor, G. W. Kennedy. 1878. Trustees, Clayton Sharp, Wm. T. Williams, William Daniels; clerk, W. D. Bennett; treasurer, G. B. Dryden; assessor, Erastus Libby. 1879. Trustees, Clayton Sharp, W. F. Williams, W. W. Darrald; clerk, W. D. Bennett; treasurer, George B. Dryden; assessor, Erastus Libby. DAVID JOHNSON STEARNS. Eliphalet Stearns was of English descent, and was a captain in the American forces during the Revolution. His son Elijah, a native of Massachusetts, served with him, acting at first as his servant, but being afterward promoted to a lieutenancy, in which capacity he rendered zealous service in the cause of liberty. After his discharge at the close of the war, he located at Dover, Vermont, where in the year 1793 David Johnson Stearns, the subject of our sketch, was born; he being the second of eleven children. In 1815 David J. Stearns emigrated to Ohio, and settled on " Butternut Ridge," in Kingston, now Olmstead, where he bought a tract of land, and cut the first tree, for the purpose of improvement, that was felled on the ridge. In February, 1819, he was married to Polly Barnum, of Fernsburg, Vermont, by whom he had eight children. Mr. Stearns was elected town clerk in 1823, and held the office for seven years without remuneration. In 1831 he was elected township trustee, serving two years, and he also acted as assessor one year. Politically he has always been a Democrat. In religion he is a Univeralist, having beets a member of that church sixteen years. Mr. Stearns remains a fair representative of pioneer days, contented to have been a successful farmer, free from ostentation, and devoted to the best interests of the people around him. Being in fair health and good spirits, he enjoys life even in his old age, and the burden of his eighty-six, years, rests very lightly upon him. CHAPTER LXXXI. ORANGE. Date of Settlement-Thomas King in 1818-Names of those then there- Description of the Township-Organization-First Officers-List of Voters in 1820-Seth Mapes-Amos Boynton-Dr. Witter-Ralph Arnold -No Mills, nor Store,-Abram Garfield-James A. Garfield--The First Store-Formation of Chagrin Falls-Area taken from Orange-Progressive Changes-Present Situation-Cheese Factories-Mills-Stores -Methodist Church at the Center-Methodist Church on the Hill- Bible Christian Church-North Orange Disciple Church-South Orange Disciple Church-Free Will Baptist Church-Principal Township Officers IMMEDIATELY after the olose of the war of 1812-15, a few emigrants moved into township seven, range 492 - THE TOWNSHIPS OF CUYAHOGA COUNTY. ten, of the Western Reserve, the greater part of which is now comprised in the civil township of Orange. The first who located himself in township ten, was Serenus Burnet, who settled on the Chagrin river in 1815, but he was in that part which has since been included in the township of Chagrin Falls. We are unable to fix with absolute certainty the exact date of the first arrival in that portion of number ten which now belongs to Orange, but believe it to have been in 1816. To a greater extent than in most townships, the old settlers of Orange have passed by death and emigration. Its oldest surviving pioneer is now Mr. Thomas King, of Orange Hill, whom we have consulted in regard to the early history of the township, but whose unfortunate and extreme deafness made it impossible to obtain more than the most meager details. Mr. King settled where he now resides in 1818. The only residents of the present township of Orange which he found at that time, were the families of Jesse Kimball, Rufus Parsons, John White and Theron White, all being on the high ground in the north part of the township. These families had been there at least one year at that time,, and some of them he thinks two years; which is the reason why we fix the year 1816 as the probable date of the first settlement in the present township of Orange. The western part of that township was composed of the narrow valley of the Chagrin river, running almost due north across it. Separated from this valley by a high, steep hill was a broad extent of high land, known as Orange Hill, comprising nearly all the northern part of the township. The land descended gradually to the south, and the portion south of the central line was only of moderate bight, but was yet composed of dry and somewhat broken ground, free from every suspicion of swampiness. The soil was gravelly, with some clay, and, when covered with its native, heavy growth of beech, maple, oak, elm, etc., presented a more alluring appearance to the pioneers than some more fertile regions, made unwholesome by frequent swamps and miasmatic exhalations. As has been observed, all the first settlers located on the Hill, evidently determined to secure a healthful situation as the first consideration. The newcomers went to work zealously, making clearings around their cabins, planting, sowing and reaping grain while the stumps still showed the marks of the axe, and obtaining ample supplies of wild mutton and woodland pork from the deer and bear which abounded on all sides of them. Several other settlers came during 1818 and 1819, and in the spring of 1820 it was determined to have a new civil township. The requisite order was made by the county commissioners on the 7th of June in that year; the name of "Orange" was selected for the new township, which then comprised survey-townships six and seven in range ten, being the whole of the present Solon and Orange, and the greater part of Chagrin Falls. The first election was held at the house of Daniel R. Smith, on the 27th of the same month, when the following officers were chosen: Trustees, Eber M. Waldo, Caleb Litch, Edmund Mallet ; clerk, David Sayler; treasurer, D. R. Smith; lister, Eber M. Waldo; appraiser, Lawrence Huff; overseers of the poor, Thomas King, Serenus Burnet; fence viewers, William Weston, Seruyn Cleaveland; supervisors of highways, E. Mallet, Rufus Parsons, Caleb Litch, Thomas Robinson. These were all residents of survey-township number seven, as number six was not settled until the fall of that year, and all but the Burnets, and possibly one or two others, resided in the present township of Orange. Although we have been somewhat troubled about learning the facts in relation to the very first settlement, we have been very fortunate in ascertaining the condition of the township at a little later period; for the first town-book shows in the record for 1822, a full list of those who cast their votes at the election on the 20th of May of that year. These were as follows: Peter Gardinier, Jonathan Covey, Edward Covey, Jesse Kimball, Jacob Gardinier, Isaac Satter, Sylvanus L. Simpson, William Weston, Caleb Alvord, Nathaniel Goodspeed, Thomas King, Seruyn Cleaveland, Lewis Northrop, Clarimond Herriman, Benjamin Jenks, Nathaniel Sherman, Joseph Watson, Amaziah Northrop, Daniel R. Smith, Jacob Hutchins, Jedediah Buxton, Daniel S. Tyler, Asa Woodward, Silas T. Dean,Ansel Jerome, Leman Griswold, Serenus Burnet, Ephraim Towne, Benjamin Hardy, Cornelius Millspaugh, Abel Stafford, Caleb Fitch, John G. White, James Fisher. The whole number was thirty-six. Besides these there were several whose names have previously been given, and who were evidently absent from the polls, so that there must have been between forty and fifty voters in the township; indicating a population of about three hundred inhabitants. The three or four settlers in the south part of number six, who then constituted the whole population of the present township of Solon were evidently of the unanimous opinion that it was not worth their while to go so far through the woods to election, for none of their names appear on the list. From 1822 the increase of population seems to have been decidedly slow during several years; for in 1828 only thirty votes were cast. Seth Mapes settled in the south part of the township in 1827, where his son, John D. Mapes, was long a prominent citizen. In 1829 Amos Boynton, who had been a resident of the county (in Newburg) since 1818, located himself about a mile and a half south of Orange Center, on the farm still occupied by his widow and his son, Mr. H. B. Boynton. Mrs. Boynton states that when they came, the township was still almost a wilderness. The road running north and south through the center had been laid out but had not been worked. Dr. Witter was then practicing medicine at Orange Center, where he had been for two or three years, being the first physician in the township. ORANGE - 493 The same year, 1829, Ralph Arnold settled in the locality, where he has since resided, in the southwest part of the township, he being now one of the oldest of the "old settlers." There was then no store, hotel nor mill in the present township, though there had been a very poor little gristmill on the river, which had been speedily abandoned. Most of the settlers took their grain to be ground at a little log mill, situated near the present village of Chagrin Falls. Deer were still numerous in the forest, and "the wolf's long howl" nightly menaced danger to any sheep which should be found outside of a well-fenced yard. In 1824 Abram Garfield, a half-brother of Amos Boynton, settled on the farm adjoining that of the latter, and there, in the year 1831, while the primeval forest still stood close around his father's log cabin, was born a child destined to become, before reaching the age of fifty years, one of the foremost statesmen of America—James A. Garfield. A youth spent amid the hardships of pioneer days strengthened his physical frame without cramping his mind, and from the time he left his father's farm in early youth until the present date, whether in military or civil life; whether as preacher, college-president, general, politician or statesman, his career has been one of almost uninterrupted success. The first store in Orange was established near where the "Bible Christian " church now stands, west of the center, about 1835. It was kept up three or four years. About the time it was closed, a Mr. Bymont opened a store on the town-line of Warrensville, which was maintained about the same length of time as the other one. By this time the village Of Chagrin Falls was doing a considerable business, and the farmers of Orange generally went thither to do their trading, except when they visited the growing city of Cleveland. In the year 1845 the township of Chagrin Falls was -formed, embracing, (besides a part of Solon and Geauga county) all that part of Orange comprised in the first division of tract number three except lots one, two and three in that division. The area of the section thus taken from Orange lacked a trifle of two and a half square miles; leaving a little over twenty- two and a half square miles within the boundaries of that township. Since that time Orange has contained nothing that could be called even a small village. Its existence has passed in the peaceful pursuits of a thoroughly agricultural community. Its annals are therefore, of necessity, brief. Between 1840 and 1850 occurred the principal part of the change which must always take place in every new country when the log houses give way to framed ones, and the section passes from the pioneer period to the farming period. Only a few log houses lingered after 1850. When treason assailed the nation's life the sons of Orange did their full part with the rest of the soldiers of Cuyahoga county, and their names will be found among those of their respective regiments in the general history of the county. Since the war the township has been largely devoted to dairying, and there are now three cheese factories in it; that of J. P. Whitlam, at Orange Center; that of M. A. Lander, about two miles southwest of the center, and that of David Sheldon on Chagrin river, two miles east of the center. The steam sawmills of James Graham near Chagrin river and close to the township of Chagrin Falls, and that of John Stoneman a mile west of the center are the only manufacturing establishments in the township. Orange Center consists of a small store, three or four houses, a Methodist church and a post office. North Solon post office, notwithstanding its name, is also situated in Orange township, half a mile east from its southwest corner. A store was opened there in 1860 by Mr. Elbridge Morse. In 1863 he sold it to G. G. Arnold, the present proprietor, who had for three or four years previously been keeping a store near the residence of his father, Ralph Arnold. METHODIST EPISCOPAL CHURCH (ORANGE CENTER). This church was organized in 1839. The first members were P. C. Gordon, Mary A. Gordon, Henry Gordon, Alanson Smith, Henrietta Smith, Jesse Luce, Sophia H. Luce, Sophia Weller, Reese Bowel, Margaret Bowel, William Case, William Lander, Mary A. Lander, Caroline Lander, Ansel Lander, Abigail Lander, Clarissa Hennessy, Ferris Thorp, Sarah Gardenier, J. J. Hennessy, William Hennessy. Henry Gordon was the first class-leader. Rev. Mr. Halleck was the first pastor. Meetings were held at the school-house and at the residence of members until 1868, when the present neat framed edifice was erected. There are now about seventeen members. The following have been the pastors since Mr. Halleck, on this circuit, with the years in which their services began, as fully as could be ascertained from the scanty records: William F. Wilson and Hiram Kellogg, 1841; Timothy Goodwin and Lorenzo Rogers ______ ; S. C. Freer and R. H. Hurlbut, 1849; ____ Lake, 1852; E. Lattamore and Benjamin Excell, 1853; Willlam Patterson and S. Reynolds, 1854; William Patterson and A. Fonts, 1855; William Lum and J. B. Hammond, 1857; Thomas Gray, 1858; Hiram Kellogg, 1859; Cyril. Wilson, 1860; M. Williams, 1862; J. K. Mendenhall, 1863; Albert Norton, 1865; Rev. Mr. Warner, 1867; Rev. Mr. Brown, 1869; Rev. Mr. Radcliffe, 1870; Robert Gray, 1871; Hiram Kellogg, 1872; Rev. Mr. Darrow, 1875; Samuel Collins, 1876; George Johns, 1877; F. L. Chalk, 1878. THE METHODIST CHURCH ON ORANGE HILL. Preaching was held there by the Methodists as early as 1830. A small church was organized, and in 1847 a framed house of worship was erected. The church edifice belongs to Warrensville circuit, which also includes the one at Orange Center, and when there has been preaching on the hill, it has been by the 494 - THE TOWNSHIPS OF CUYAHOGA COUNTY. ministers named aboye, in the sketch of the church at the center. There are now but a small number of members on the hill, and the services are not numerous. THE BIBLE CHRISTIAN CHURCH. A "Protestant Methodist" church was organized among the people of the central part of Orange as early as 1840, or before. After a time the members largely adopted the views of the " Bible Christian sect," and the church was reorganized under that name. About 1848 a small church building was erected, where the cemetery now is, a mile west of Orange Center. Here the congregation worshiped until 1865, when the present more commodious edifice was built, -little west of the former location. The system of the " Bible Christians " is very much the same as that of the Methodists, and this church was in the same circuit with Chagrin Falls until 1873, when it was connected in a circuit with two churches in Warrensville. Rev. George Rippin was the first Bible Christian preacher who officiated in -Orange. He was followed by Rev. Messrs. Hodge, Roach, Pinch, Hooper, Colwell, Wicket, Chapel, Tethna, Johns, etc. Rev. George Johns was pastor from 1873 to 1876; Rev. George Bodle from 1876 to 1878; and Rev. Herman Moon became pastor in 1878. THE NORTH ORANGE DISCIPLE CHURCH. This church was formed on the 28th day of July, 1845, with fifteen members. The first elders were William T. Hutchinson and Ira Rutherford. For about fifteen years the church flourished, and the number of members increased to thirty, but during and since the war they have largely migrated to other parts, and the organization has been broken up. SOUTH ORANGE DISCIPLE CHURCH. This was formed on the 2nd day of March, 1845. Amos Boynton and Z. Smith were the first overseers. Like the North Orange .church, it flourished for a time, but emigration and other causes were too powerful disorganizers to be successfully withstood. THE FREE WILL BAPTIST CHURCH. The members of this organization reside in Orange and Solon, mostly in the vicinity of the line between the two townships. There were services held by preachers of this faith for many years before the church- was organized, which event occurred on the 25th day of April, 1868. The Rev. W. Whitacre was the first minister; John Wentmore and Joseph A. Burns the first deacons; Wm. Mills, J. A. Burns and John Wentmore the first trustees. Mr. Whitacre continued as pastor until 1873, when he was succeeded by Rev. J. C. Steele. A framed church was built in 1870, on the north side of the town line road, half a mile east of North Solon post office. PRINCIPAL TOWNSHIP OFFICERS. (OBTAINED FROM THE RECORDS.) 1820. Trustees, Eber M. Waldo, Caleb Litch, Edmund Mallett; clerk, David Latter; treasurer, D. R. Smith; lister, Eben M. Waldo; appraiser, Lawrence Huff ; overseers of the poor. Thomas King, Serenus Burnet. 1822. Trustees, Caleb Alvord, Benj. Hardy, Thos. King; clerk, James Fisher; lister, John G. White; appraiser, Edmund Mallett; treasurer, Caleb Litch. 1823. Trustees, Seruyn Cleaveland, N. Goodspeed, Jas. Fisher; clerk, C. Alvord; treasurer, D. R. Smith; lister, D. R. Smith; appraiser, C. Litch; overseers of poor, Thomas King, Edward Covey. 1824. Trustees, S. Cleaveland, N. Goodspeed, J. Fisher; clerk. C. Alvord ; treasurer, D. R. Smith; lister, C. Alvord; appraiser, Serenus Burnet ; overseers of poor, S. Cleaveland, E. Covey. 1825. Trustees, N. Goodspeed, S. Burnet, Samuel Lull; clerk, C. Alvord ; treasurer, Edward Covey; lister, Theron White; appraiser, Jedediah Burton; overseers of poor, S. Cleaveland, D. R. Smith. 1826. Trustees, E. Covey, S. Burnet, Jonathan Cole; clerk, Ansel Young; treasurer, S. Cleaveland; overseers of poor, D. R. Smith, C. Litch. 1827. Trustees, S. Burnet, J. Cole, E. Covey; clerk, A. Young; treasurer, Thos. King; overseers of poor, J. Burton, Jonathan Covey. 1828. Trustees, Jas. Fisher, C. Litch S. Cleaveland. 1829. Trustees, Lawrence Huff, Isaac Barnes, William Luce; clerk, C. Alvord; treasurer, E. Covey ; overseers of poor, S. Burnet, J. Cole. 1830. Trustees, E. Covey, J. Wilter. D. R. Smith; clerk, C. Alvord; treasurer, S. Cleaveland; ove. seers of poor, T. King, C. Litch. 1831. Trustees, Jas. Fisher, Fred'k Mallet, Wm. Smith; clerk Samuel G. Harger; treasurer, S. Cleaveland; overseers of poor, C. Litch, E. Covey. 1832. Trustees, Amos Boynton, Jas. Fisher, L. Huff; clerk, S. G. Harger; treasurer, E. Covey; overseers of poor, C. Litch, T. King. 1833. Trustees, C. Litch, A. Loynton, L. Huff; clerk, S. G. Harger; treasurer, Wm. Luce; overseers of poor, E. Coveyo, S. Burnet. 1834. Trustees, Saxton R. Rathbun, Cyrus Phelps, Joseph Cline; clerk, Michael G. Hickey; treasurer, Wm. Lander; overseers of poor, Wm. Luce, L. Huff. 1835. Trustees, E. Covey, S. Burnet, A. Boynton; clerk, C. Alvord; treasurer, W m. Lander; overseers of poor, Henry Abel, Ethan Wait. 1836. Trustees, M. G. Hickey, S. R. Rathbun, E. Burnet; clerk Cyrus Phelps; treasurer, Wm. Lander; overseers of poor, Thos. King, Phares Thorp. 1837. Trustees, S. R. Rathbun, Cotton J. Pratt. Samuel Nettleton; clerk, Henry W. Gordon; treasurer, Wm. Lander; overseers of poor P. Thorp, L. Huff. 1838. Trustees, J. Cole, C. J. Pratt, H. Abel; clerk, Elbridge Smith; treasurer, Wm. Lander; overseers of poor, G. Thorp, Asahel Jerome. 1839. Trustees, J. Cole, C. J. Pratt, S. Nettleton; clerk, L D. Williams; treasurer, C. J. Pratt; overseers of poor, Phares Thorp, Elestus Arnold. 1840. Trustees, J. Cole, S. Nettleton, Howard S. Allen; clerk, L. D. Williams; treasurer. Wm. Lander; overseers of poor, Samuel Robinson, Edmund Burnet. 1841. Trustees, H. Church, Asahel Green, H. Abel; clerk, C. T. Blakeslee; treasurer, Stephen Burnet; overseers of poor, Wm. Luce, Thos. Marlett. 1842. Trustees, H. Church, H. S. Allen, B. Hardy; clerk, J. Cole; treasurer, S. Burnet; overseers of poor, Ethan Wait, Orson Cathan. 1843. Trustees, H. Church, H. S. Allen, B. Hardy; clerk, S. Burnet; treasurer, Noah Graves; overseer of poor, S. Burnet, Jesse Luce. 1844. Trustees, J. Cole, E. Wait, Zadock Howell; clerk, C. Alvord; treasurer, T. King; overseer of poor, Geo Fankell, B. Hardy. 1845. Trustees, Elestus Arnold, E. Burnet, B. Hardy; clerk, Thompson Willett; treasurer, John Whitlaw; assessor, James Handerson. 1846. Trustees, E. Burnet, J. D. Mapes, Benj. Sheldon; clerk, P. C. Gordon; treasurer, John Whitlaw; assessor, E Smith. 1847. Trustees, J. D. Mapes, Abram Tibbits, B. Sheldon; clerk, P. C. Gordon; treasurer, H. S. Allen; assessor, John Whitlaw. 1848. Trustees, A. Tibbits, H. Dotoff, E. Burnet; clerk, P. C. Gordon; treasurer, H. S. Allen; assessor, A. Smith. 1849. Trustees, A. Tibbits, H. Doloff, Wm. Smith; clerk, P. C. Gordon; treasurer, Wm. Lander; assessor, J. Handerson. 1850. Trustees, H. Abel, J. Cole, S. Burnet; cterk, P. C. Gordon; treasurer, Wm. Lander; assessor, J. Handerson. 1851. Trustees, Henry Abel, Zenas Smith, S. Burnet; cterk, P. C. Gordon; treasurer, Wm. Lander; assessor, Thomas Colby, 1852. Trustees, E. Arnold, C. Gates, C. Cole; clerk, P. C. Gordon; treasurer. John Whitlaw; assessor, Thomas Colby. 1853. Trustees, John McLane, Jason H. Luce, Amos Boynton; clerk, Wm. Stoneman; treasurer, Richmond Barber; assessor, Silas T. Dean. 1854. Trustees, S. Burnet, H. Abel, T. Willett; clerk, P. C. Gordon; treasurer, Wm. Lander; assessor, S. J. Smith. 1855. Trustees, A. McVeigh, J. McLane, J. D. Mapes; clerk, P. C. Gordon; treasurer, Wm. Lander; assessor, Wm. Stoneman. 1856. Trustees, John D. Mapes, C. Cole, A. McVeigh; clerk, P. C. Gordon; treasurer, Wm- Lander; assessor, Christopher Jackson. ORANGE. - 495 1857. Trustees, J. D. Mapes, Wm. Luce, Chas. Gates; crerk, P. C, Gordon; treasurer, J. H. Luce; assessor, Christopher Jackson. 1858. Trustees, A. Jerome, R. Lewis, H. Baster; clerk, P. C, Gordon; treasurer, J. H. Luce; assessor, Christopher Jackson. 1859. Trustees, John Whittock, J. Bray. P. Farr; clerk, T. McVeigh; treasurer, Wm. Lander: assessor, Christopher Jackson. 1860. Trustees, Henry Price, Horace Rudd, F. Judd; clerk, W. P. Luce; treasurer, H. B. Boynton; assessor, Christopher Jackson. 1861. Trustees, H. Price, E. B. Pike, R. Lewis; clerk, W. P. Luce; treasurer, J. H. Luce: assessor, Christopher Jackson. 1862. Trustees, E. B. Pike, Wm. Lander, H. Abell; clerk, W. P. Luce; treasurer. H. Price; assessor, Francis Rowe. 1863. Trustees, Wm. Lander, L. Sawyer, H. Rudd; clerk, C. Jackson; treasurer, H. Price; assessor, F. Rowe. 1864. Trustees, H. Rudd, L. Sawyer, Alonzo Cathan; clerk, H. B. Boynton: treasurer, J. H. Luce: assessor, F. Rowe. 1865. Trustees, J. Burton, E. B. Pike, H. B. Boynton; clerk, H. W. Gordon; treasurer, J. H, Luce; assessor, E. Murfet. 1866. Trustees, Edwin Mapes, T. M. Veigh, F. Rowe; clerk, H. W. Gordon; assessor, E. Murfet. 1867. Trustees, D. C. Kimbalt, Wm. Stoneman, L. Underwood; clerk, Charles Jackson; treasurer, J. H. Luce; assessor, Edward Murfet. 1868. Trustees, J. M. Burgess, Edwin Mapes, Jedediah Burton; clerk. Chas. Jackson; treasurer, J. H. Luce; assessor, F. Rowe. 1869. Trustees, J. M. Burgess, A. Tibbits, E. Mapes; clerk, Charles Jackson; treasurer, Wm. Stoneman; assessor, E. Murfet. 1870. Trustees, John Whitlaw, J. Baster, Elestus Arnold; clerk, Chas. Jackson; treasurer, Wm. Stoneman; assessor, E. Murfet. 1871. Trustees, John Whitlaw, E. Arnold, Wm. Lander; clerk, Chas Jackson; treasurer, Wm. Stoneman; assessor, M. A. Lander. 1873. Trustees, S. J. Burnett, H. Rudd, Edwin Mapes; clerk, T. Willett; treasurer, Wm. Stoneman: assessor, Chas. Stone. 1874. Treasurer. H. W. Gordon, J. Q. Lander, E. B. Pike; clerk, T. Willett; treasurer, Wm. Stoneman; assessoro Chas. Stone. 1875. Trustees, H. W. Gordon, J. Q. Lander, E. B. Pike; clerk, M. J. Roberts; treasurer, Wm. Stoneman; assessor, J. H. Gates. 1876. Trustees, H. W. Gordon, E. Mapes, J. Burnet; clerk, P. H. Baker; treasurer, Wm. Stoneman; assessor, E. Murfet, Jr. 1877. Trustees, J. M. Burgess, J. J. Burton, A. Stevens; clerk, Edwin Mapes; treasurer, Wm. Stoneman; assessor, M. A. Lander. 1878. Trustees, C. L. Jackson, A. O. Stevens, J. M. Burgess; clerk, E. Mapes; treasurer, Wm. Stoneman; assessor, M. A. Lander. 1879. Trustees, Henry Abell, Wm. Whitlaw, Charles Thomas; clerk, E. Mapes; treasurer, Wm. Stoneman; assessor, M. A. Lander. AMOS BOYNTON.* Caleb Boynton, the father of the subject of this sketch, was a native of Massachusetts. We know but little of his genealogy or early history, but we find him in Worcester, Otsego county, New York, early in this century. There he married Asenath Garfield, the widow of Thomas Garfield, and the mother, by her two husbands, of thirteen children. Four of these were Garfields: Polly, Betsey, Abram and Thomas; Abram being the father of Hon. James A. Garfield. Her children by Mr. Boynton were Anna, Amos, Martin, Nathan, Alpha, Calista, Jerry, William and John. In 1808 he removed with his family to Madrid, St. Lawrence county, New York. In 1818, in company with his son Amos, he made a winter journey in a sleigh to Ohio, whither he was followed by the remainder of his family the next spring. He made his home in Independence, Cuyahoga county, where lie died in 1821. He was a soldier in the war of 1812. Amos Boynton, the second child of Caleb and Asenath Boynton, was born in Worcester, Otsego county, New York, on the 9th day of September, 1805. He lived with his father in Independence, until the death of the latter, when at the age of seventeen, he commenced life for himself. He was employed for some * By B. A. Hinsdale, A.M., President of Hiram College. time on the construction of the Erie canal, and assisted his half-brother, Abram Garfield, several years in carrying out a large contract on the Ohio canal. On the 17th of October, 1826, he married Alpha Ballou, a younger sister of the wife of Abram Garfield. These two women belonged to the well-known Ballow family of New England; their father being James Ballou, of Cumberland, Rhode Island, and their mother Mehitable Ingalls, of Richmond, New Hampshire. Mrs. Boynton was the youngest of six children, and was born in the same town as her mother, May 19, 1806. In 1829 Abram Garfield and Amos Boynton purchased each a small farm in Orange, Cuyahoga county, and on these farms they established their families. Their new homes were three miles from the present town of Chagrin Falls, and four miles from the village of Solon, but neither of those places then existed, and all around them was the almost unbroken wilderness, abounding in the wild animals so often mentioned in this history. Their nearest neighbors were the Mapes family, a mile distant; the next nearest were in the north part of the township, nearly three miles distant. The two sturdy men, earnestly seconded by their devoted wives, fell to work to clear up their farms, and to build up their homes. Mr. Garfield lived but four years; he died in 1833, leaving his four small children to the care of their mother. Mr. Boynton lived to clear up his farm, to rear a family, and to see the wilderness of 1829 transformed into a cultivated land, covered by the homes of a numerous, thrifty, and happy population. But his struggle with nature was too much for his powers; his health broke down by degrees, and he was compelled to relinquish his business little by little until, in the spring of 1866, he left the farm and removed to Cleveland, in search of that rest which be so much needed. The quest was va n; his native force was too much abated; he was taken with a lingering and painful illness, and died December 3, 1866, in the sixty-second year of his age. Mr. Boynton was the father of seven children: William A. Boynton, who died at the age of twenty-nine; Henry B., a farmer, now residing on the old homestead; Harriet A., now Mrs. Clark, of Bedford; Phebe M., now Mrs. Clapp, of Hiram; Silas A., a distinguished physician of Cleyeland; Mary C., now Mrs.' Arnold, of Grand Rapids, Michigan; and Bentley, who died at the age of fourteen months. Mrs. Boynton, the companion of his forty years of married life, survived him, and still lives, honored and beloved, in the home of her husband's planting. The outline which has been thus sketched is the framework of a life and character well worthy of careful study. Amos Boynton was of medium size, of vigorous and enduring physical powers, and of clear, strong, and well-poised mind. His opportunities for obtaining the education of schools were quite limited; being 496 - THE TOWNSHIPS OF CUYAHOGA COUNTY. those of his time and State. He closely read the few books within his reach, but the one book that he knew was the Bible. His farm and family were the center of his life. He was a tireless worker, a close economist and a painstaking father. He was methodical in all things, to minuteness. His farm was the best kept in the neighborhood, his products went to market in the best order and commanded the best prices. In his business dealings he was honest to a farthing, and required men to be equally honest with him. He had an invincible abhorence of everything like sham or false appearance; he had no idea of making money by trade or speculation, and the competence that he gathered was the slow result of hard labor and small savings. When he began life for himself the modern instruments for making property did not exist. Boundless nature lay about him; he had himself, and that was all. He must work ceaslessly and save carefully, or liye in poverty. Still, his heart always strongly responded to the calls of the poor, the suffering and the oppressed. In the community, he stood a standard of truth, honesty and justice. He also watched carefully over his children. Aided by his wife, who had herself been a teacher, he instilled into them a desire for education, and all but the one who died in infancy were at some time teachers. He gave them habits of industry, and implanted in their minds the great law of morals and the sentiments of religion. In the early pioneer times the use of intoxicating beverages was almost universal. The social cup was considered an indispensable part of hospitality. For one man alone to break through a universal custom and to practice and advocate temperance required much courage and strength of character. This Mr. Boynton did, in spite of the ridicule of nearly all his acquaintances, and he lived to see the good fruits of his worthy example. Intemperance and profanity were unknown in his family circle. Soon after removing to Orange, Mr. Boynton became interested in the subject of religion. Elder Adamson Bentley, a minister of the Disciple church, moved to a locality within two or three miles of Mr. Boynton, and the latter was strongly drawn toward the gospel as held by that church. He was baptized by Elder Bentley on profession of faith in the year 1832, and continued a consistent and active Christian until his death. He was successively a member of three congregations-at Orange, at Solon and Cleveland, and was an officer in two of them. His knowledge of the bible was large and accurate. For years he carried a new testament in his pocket, and many a time he sat on his plow reading it while his team was resting. He was in no sense a polemic, but he did not hesitate, on occasions, to defend his cherished yiews against attacks, whether by unbelievers or by those whom lre regarded as errorists. Nor was he an antagonist to be despised. Numerous anecdotes showing his powers in conyersational controversy are still told. In the little neighborhood church, over which he presided as overseer, he was a public teacher of religion-plain, practical and scriptural. His clear insight, sense of justice, weight of character and religious spirit, made him a valued counselor, and he was often called on to aid neighboring churches in composing their difficulties; his good offices being sometimes needed to mediate between prominent ministers who had become estranged. He was, as might be expected, a devout believer in Divine Providence, and from the beginning of the great rebellion, he adhered constantly to the belief that the_Nation would triumph and that slavery would cease to exist. No better gauge of a life can be found than its influence upon men, collectively and individually. It is not too much to say that Amos Boynton's spirit, in good degree, passed into the neighborhood where he resided. His industry, thrift, integrity and devotion to the true and genuine, constantly challenged imitation. After the death of Abram Garfield in 1833. Mr. Boynton stood in a peculiarly close and interesting relationship to the family of the deceased. General Garfield gratefully recognizes these obligations, and speaks in strong terms of appreciation of the extent and kind of his uncles' influence upon himself. Losing his father when but a year and a half old, living for the most part with his mother and sisters, deprived at home of that contact with a man which an enterprising boy so much needs, young Garfield naturally received strong and wholesome impressions from his uncle. This came, partly in the way of wise counsel and direction, but more, probably, in the form of that unconscious influence which works so silently, yet so powerfully. This hard-worked farmer found time to aid the young men of the neighborhood in organizing and maintaining a debating society and he frequently took part as a critic and guide in the efforts of his children and their young associates to " think on their feet" and defend their opinions. He was frequently made the judge of their debates, and his approyal was a reward worthy of their best efforts. A critic would have no difficulty in pointing out defects in Mr. Boynton's character, but it would lie an unprofitable and ungrateful service. The more pronounced of these defects were due to two causes—his native type of character, and his environment. His type was that created in the school of John Calvin: strong, deep, narrow, just, true, severe. He was one of the last of the Puritans. Then, either circumstances or inclination made him a pioneer. In some respects his surroundings strongly marked his mind; in others he rose superior to them. Had he lived a half century later, he would have had larger views, more cultivation, and a mellower spirit; but his great traits would have been the same. His type—the Pioneer engrafted on the Puritan—is passing away, indeed is almost gone; but before it vanishes it should be faithfully painted in all its lights and shadows, for the PARMA - 497 benefit of posterity. This sketch has been prepared in the hope that it will have some value not only as the story of a worthy man, but as a study of life and character. CHAPTER LXXXII. PARMA. Boundaries—Population and Physical Characteristics—Early Settlement—Benajah Fay—Conrad Countryman—Peletiah Bliss—Walking to Connecticut for a Bride—A Large Accesson —Emerson, Hodgman, Nicholas, Small and Steele—Asher and Benjamin Norton—Rufus Scovil —Samuel Freeman—Early Hardships—Numerous Hunts—Scarcity of Grass—First Birth, Death and Marriage—Roads—The Harrison Procession—An Irate Democrat—Formation of Parma—First Officers—List of Officers—Religious Matters—Free Will Baptist Church--First Presbyterian Church—St. Paul's Church—St. John's Church—Church of the Holy Trinity. PARMA, one of the youngest townships in Cuyahoga, covers an area of fiye miles square, being the territory of survey-township six, in range thirteen. Brooklyn township lies on the north, Royalton on the south, Independence on the east, and Middleburg on the west. Of the population of fifteen hundred, reported by the last census, full two-thirds are estimated to be Germans and other foreigners—the former largely predominating, and manifesting their usual energy as thrifty, industrious husbandmen. They concentrate in settlements, have churches of their own, and, although somewhat clannish, are liberally represented in the administration of public affairs. The surface of the township on the north and west is generally level, but on the east is elevated and undulating. The soil is of a clayey character, and is handsomely productive. Fruit is grown with success, but general farm products are the principal reliance of the inhabitants. Building and flag stones are obtained in considerable quantities, and of an excellent quality; Cogswell's quarry being the most productive. Several mineral springs are also found in the town- ship, and from these considerable water, of alleged medicinal virtue, is annually forwarded to Cleveland and other points. Parma has no streams of any consequence, nor has it any railway communication within its own limits, although that convenience is near at hand. It contains a strictly agricultural community, and has no village within its borders. Nevertheless, its schools are excellent, its churches are plentiful, and the people generally appear to be in a prosperous condition. EARLY SETTLEMENT. In the division of the Western Reserve, or by subsequent sale, township six fell to various proprietors —Tuckerman, Cheny, Ely, Blake, Plympton and others, who early endeavored to promote settlement on their lands. In consequence, howeyer, of the general impression that it was a swampy and undesirable region the owners found the task a difficult. one. Benajah Fay, a native of Massachusetts, who came out from Lewis county, New York, was the first settler in Greenbrier, as Parma was called before it was organized. In 1816 he located upon the Plympton tract. His family, consisting of himself, wife and twelve children, journeyed with an ox-team and one horse. Upon his arriyal he had to cut a road through the woods to his farm. He opened a tavern in 1819 on the old stage road, in a double log house, opposite the present residence of J. W. Fay, which, as "B. Fay's Inn," was a famous landmark for many years. Mr. Fay was a man of mark in the new community, served in various local offices, and was always in high esteem as a useful and honored citizen. He built a framed tavern in 1826, and in 1832 replaced it with a brick one, which was the first brick house in the township. He died in April, 1860, aged eighty-five. In 1817 one Conrad Countryman, a "Mohawk Dutchman," took up a farm on the Ely tract, in the present township of Parma. Countryman lived in the western part, on the line on which afterwards ran the stage road between Cleveland and Columbus. In time he put up a blacksmith shop and a sawmill, in both of which enterprises he was the first in the township. Mr. Countryman's eldest son built a house on his father's farm, and kept " bachelor's hall " in the immediate neighborhood of his father and the rest of the family. Besides being a miller, blacksmith and farmer, Mr. Countryman also kept a tavern, and with all his avocations he managed to keep himself quite busy. He resided in Parma, or Greenbrier as it was then called, until 1826, when, with his family and entire possessions he moved farther west. Peletiah Bliss, a Connecticut Yankee, traveled afoot in 1818 from New England to Ohio, carrying a pack on his back, and seeking for a location in the boundless west. On reaching " Greenbrier " he was favorably impressed with it, and accordingly purchased fifty acres of land on the Ely tract, where he built a shanty and soon made a clearing. Previous to making his western journey Bliss had determined to marry a certain fair young damsel of Connecticut as soon as he got matters well shaped in a new home. So, after laboring upon his clearing a few years, until he thought he had prepared a fitting home for his bride, he set out for Connecticut on foot, living, it is said, upon salt pork during the entire trip. He reached his destination in due time (that is, in due time by that kind of conveyance), married the girl of his heart, and with her returned to Greenbrier; the wedding tour being made in a lumber wagon drawn by an ox-team, owned by Edwin Foot, of Connecticut, who was himself on the way to Brooklyn, Ohio. Bliss resided in Parma until his death. He had but one child-a daughter—who moved to Michigan. The settlement of the township was very slow until late in 1821 when there was an important accession in the families of Asa Emerson, Amos Hodgman, Jesse Nicholas, Joseph Small and William Steele. These families had been neighbors in Maine and in 1817 had removed together to the West; having all settled, though separately, in southern Ohio. They kept up 498 - THE TOWNSHIPS OF CUYAHOGA COUNTY. communication with each other and, becoming dissatisfied with their location in that region, they agreed to move north to " Greenbrier." In 1821 they accordingly entered the township in company. Emerson, who had a family of nine children, bought seventy-five acres on the Tuckerman tract, having lived for a brief time with Conrad Countryman before effecting his purchase. Emerson was a carpenter as well as a farmer, and resided in Parma until his death, in 1855. Of his children, Oliver, Asa and Lucina (Mrs. Whitney) are still living in Parma. Amos Hodgman also settled upon the Tuckerman tract, where he resided until he died. Jesse Nicholas located upon the Ely tract, becoming a tavern-keeper and a farmer out the Columbus road. Joseph Small bought land on the Tuckerman tract and after a residence there of twenty-five years removed to Michigan. William Steele located on the Ely tract and died two years afterward, whereupon his widow returned to Maine; making the journey, it is said, on foot and alone. Of the members of the families above named, who came in 1821, the only ones now living in Parma are John Hodgman and Asa and Oliver S. Emerson, and they three are the earliest surviving residents of the township. Asher Norton and family came from Vermont in 1823, and settled in the southeast corner of the township. Mr. Norton lived there until 1863 when he removed to Brighton (in Brooklyn township) where he died. His brother Benjamin took up a farm adjoining Asher's about the same time (1823) on whioh he remained until 1859, when he changed his residence to Brecksville. Rufus Scovill, a brother-in-law of the Nortons, settled near them in 1823, and remained a resident of Parma until his death. Nehemiah Toms, who also married a sister of the Norton's, located near the latter in 1823, and there died. Abner T. Beals, an early settler in Royalton, removed from that township to Parma in 1825, and, after remaining a short time in the northern part, eventually settled on the Ely tract, on the line of the stage road. Mr. Beals resided in Parma until 1876 when he moved to Michigan, where he died. In 1825 Samuel Freeman, with his wife, ten children and a hired man, made the journey from Massachusetts to Ohio, via the Erie Canal and Lake Erie, and reached Benajah Fay's inn, in Greenbrier, on the night of Saturday, May 26, 1825-twenty days after leaving New England. Mr. Freeman bought a piece of land on the Plympton tract, and, while he was building a residence of his own he and his family lived for forty days in the newly-built barn of Benajab Fay. Mr. Freeman became a man of considerable local consequence in Parma. He was the first justice of the peace, the first school-teacher and the first postmaster. He took an active part in forwarding the religious interests of the little settlement, and was withal a citizen whose influence was always felt for good and whom his fellow citizens held in high regard. The early settlers in Parma experienced naturally the same difficulties, privations and trials usually encountered by Western pioneers, and bore them with like fortitude. Indians did not trouble them, but savage beasts caused much annoyance, and grand hunts for bears and wolves, in which all the townsmen joined, were frequently resorted to, to get rid of the marauders. Even as late as 1842 the ravages by wolyes and bears were very serious, and in that year the people of Parma united in a general hunting party, and spent several days in waging a war of extermination against them. Good grass appears not to have been very plentiful in Parma for a considerable time after its settlement, as hay for the cattle had to be brought, from Middleburg, little except browse being obtainable in Parma. Baking bread on a board before a wood tire and roasting meat by suspending it upon strings hung over the fire, were two of the customs of those primitive days. For some time the nearest gristmill was in Middleburg. It was not always easy to obtain wheat bread, but "johnny cake," made from corn ground in a home "stump mortar," did good service in its place. When Moses Towl built a gristmill on Big creek, in Parma, it was considered a great improvement, and Mr. Towl was looked upon as a public benefactor. The first person born in Parma was Lucina, daughter of Asa Emerson. Her birth occurred in March, 1823. In mature life she served with distinction for three years as hospital nurse in the Union army during the rebellion of 1861-65. The first death in the township was that of Isaac Emerson, a young man of seventeen, who died in the winter of 1823. He was buried on the Countryman place. The next deaths were those of William Steele and his child, who were buried near young Emerson's grave, on the banks of Big creek. When the cemetery on the Medina road was laid out the remains of Isaac Emerson were transferred thither, but the graves of Steele and his child were undisturbed, and their bones still lie upon the bank of the creek, although the spot is entirely unmarked. The first marriage ceremony was celebrated at the house of Joseph Small, when his daughter Lois was wedded to Ephraim Fowls, of Middleburg. An attendant upon the occasion states that the event, although a novel one in the township, was an exceedingly quiet one. In March, 1827, the town was divided into road districts, the first being "two miles in width on the west side of the town and running a line through the town north and south parallel with the west line; the second running a north and south line through the town parallel with the east line; the third to include the remainder of the town." The road now known as the Brighton and Parma plank road was at an early day the Cleveland and Columbus turnpike, over which there was a vast amount of trayel, and upon which, within the limits PARMA - 499 of Parma, there were four taverns. When William Henry Harrison was elected to the Presidency a band of his adherents in Cleveland mounted a canoe upon wheels, and escorted it over the turnpike to Columbus, with much hilarious demonstration. When the procession reached the house of Asa Emerson, in Parma, that worthy citizen, being an unflinching Democrat, was much disgusted with the Harrison display. He hastily hoisted one of his wife's red petticoats Upon a broomstick, and marched defiantly alongside the big canoe, waving his flag and taunting the Harrisonians until the latter were seriously angered, and he thought best to desist, lest they should resort to violence: In April, 1827, one year after the township was organized, the treasurer reported that he had received in cash for road taxes in 1826 the sum of $16.84, and $11.38 in road certificates. The township is believed to have been called Greenbrier before its organization on account of the abundance of that shrub in ninny places. York street was so named because of the settlement along its line of a community from the State of New York. As already stated, the township is a purely agricultural one. The only manufacturing enterprises of either early or late days were the following: William and Dudley Humphrey, who came to Parma from Connecticut in 1836, pursued for fifteen years, or until 1851, the manufacture of clock-cases, in which they set works procured from Connecticut. They then sold the clocks through the country, and during their residence in Parma they carried on quite an extensive business. ORGANIZATION. On the 7th of March, Greenbrier, which until then had been a portion of the civil township of Brooklyn, was formed into a separate township and given the name of Parma. The first township election was . held on the first Monday in April, 1826, at the house of Samuel Freeman, on which occasion Asa Emerson, Jesse Nichols and David Adams were the judges of election; Peletiah Bliss and Oliver Emerson were the clerks. The officers chosen were Peletiah Bliss, township clerk; Asa Emerson, Samuel T. Varney and David Adams, trustees; Benajah Fay and Jesse Nichols, overseers of the poor; John Hodgman and Benjamin Norton, fence-viewers; Peletiah Bliss, treasurer; Asher Norton and Amos Hodgman; super- visors of highways; Peter Countryman, constable. A list of the persons who have served the township as trustees, clerks and treasurers, from organization to 1879, are given below. 1826. Trustees, Asa Emerson, Sam’l T. Varney, David Adams; clerk, Peletiah Bliss; treasurer, Peletiah Bliss. 1827. Trustees, Benajah Fay. Sam'l Freeman, Asher Norton; clerk, Lyndon Freeman; treasurer, David Adams. 1828. Trustees, Benajah Fay, Sam'l Freeman, Benjamin Norton; clerk, David Adams; treasurer, Asa Fay. 1829. Trustees. Asher Norton, David Adams, Oliver Emerson; clerk, Itumar Adams; treasurer, Jacob Countryman. 1830. Trustees, Thos. Adams, Asa Emerson, Benjamin Norton ; clerk, Oliver Emerson; treasurer, Jacob Countryman. 1831. Trustees, Sam'l Freeman, Asher Norton. Peter Countryman; clerk, Lyndon Freeman; treasurer, Benajah Fay. 1832. Trustees, Asher Norton, Daniel Greene, Oliver Emerson; clerk, John S. Greene; treasurer, Benajah Fay. 1833. Trustees, Benjamin Norton, John Wheeler, Oliver Emerson clerk, Reuben Emerson; treasurer, Benajah Fay. 1834. Trustees, Reuben Hurlburt, Dudley Roberts, Rufus Scovill; clerk, O. J. Tuttle; treasurer, Benajah Fay. 1835. Trustees, Benjamin Norton, Reuben Hurlburt, B. Snow; clerk, Reuben Emerson; treasurer, Jos. W. Kilborn. 1836. Trustees, Barzilla Snow, Reuben Hurlburt, David Clark; clerk, Lyndon Freeman; treasurer, John A. Ackley. 1837. Trustees, David Clark, Reuben Hurlburt, Jeremiah Tome; clerk, Reuben Emerson; treasurer, Lewis Reynolds. 1838. Trustees, David Clark, Reuben Huriburt, Alfred Cleveland ; clerk, Henry K. Freeman; treasurer, Oliver Emerson. 1889. Trustees, Sam'l S. Ward, David Clark, Moses Fowls; clerk, Asa Emerson, Jr.; treasurer, Oliver Emerson. 1840. Trustees, John J. Bigelow, Chas. Stroud, James Walling; clerk, F. F. Cogswell; treasurer, Reuben Hurlburt. 1841. Trustees, Reuben Huriburt, I. J. Lockwood, Wm. Humphrey ; clerk, Jas. M. Brown; treasurer, David Clark. 1842. Trustees, Reuben Hurlburt, I. J. Lockwood; clerk, F. F. Cogswell; treasurer, David Clark. 1843. Trustees, Reuben Hurlburt, Barzilla Snow, Lewis Roberts; clerk, Jas. M. Brown; treasurer, Stephen Potter. 1844. Trustees, Asher Norton, Almanza Roberts, Moses Fowl; clerk, F. F. Cogswell; treasurer, John J. Bigelow. 1845. Trustees. Isaac Burnham, Almanzs Roberts, Alfred Cleaveland; clerk, F. F. Cogswell; treasurer, Reuben Emerson. 1846. Trustees, Dudley S. Humphrey, Bela Norton Barzilla Snow; clerk, Jas. M. Cogswell; treasurer, Oliver Emerson. 1847. Trustees, Asher Norton, D. S. Humphrey, Moses Fowl; clerk, Jas. M. Cogswell; treasurer, Oliver Emerson. 1848. Trustees. Philip Henninger, Almanza Roberts, I. J. Lockwood; clerk, Jas. M. Cogswell; treasurer, Oliver Emerson. 1849. Trustees, Moses Fowl, David Clark, Daniel Stephan; clerk, Jas. M. Cogswell; treasurer, Jas. M. Brown. 1850. Trustees, Jas. M. Cogswell, Almanza Roberts, Philip Heninger; clerk, Palmer Snow ; treasurer, David Clark. 1851. Trustees, Philip Heninger, Alfred Cleaveland; clerk, Palmer Snow; treasurer, Moses Fowl. 1852. Trustees, Wm. C. Warner, G. Wangelin, Almanza Roberts; clerk, Palmer Snow; treasurer, Moses Fowl. 1853. Trustees, Almanza Roberts, Philip Heninger, Levi Bartholemew ; clerk, F. F. Cogswell; treasurer, Moses Fowl. 1854. Trustees, Almanza Roberts, Asher Norton, Cyrus Ingersoll; clerk F. F. Cogswell; treasurer, Oliver Emerson. 1855. Trustees, Oliver Emerson, John Mead, Philip Heninger; clerk, Palmer Snow; treasurer, J. W. Fay. 1856. Trustees, Almanza Roberts, Philip Heninger, Edward Eggleston ; clerk, Palmer Snow ; treasurer, Jeremiah W. Fay. 1857. Trustees. Almanza Roberts, Philip Heninger, Edward Eggleston ; clerk, Jas. M. Cogswell; treasurer, Marcus A. Brown. 1858. Trustees, Almanza Roberts, Edward Eggleston, Henry Kuntz; clerk, Jas. M. Cogswell; treasurer, Lewis Roberts. 1859. Trustees, Almanza Roberts, Henry Kuntz, Reuben Gates; clerk, Asa Emerson; treasurer, John A. Ackley. 1860. Trustees, Oliver Emerson, Moses Fowl, Philip Kline; clerk, Asa Emerson; treasurer, Cyrus 1ngersoll. 1861. Trustees, Wm. Redrup Henry Kuntz, Jas. M. Brown; clerk, A. McArthur; treasurer, Jacob A. Stroud. 1862. Trustees, Marcus A. Brown, Chas. Umstaeter, E. M. Norton; clerk, Edward Eggleston; treasurer, Jacob A. Stroud. 1863. Trustees, Thos. Davis, Lewis Schwab, Erhart Geiger ; clerk, Edward Eggleston; treasurer, Cyrus Ingersoll. 1864. Trustees, David Clark, Henry. Kuntz, Erhart Geiger; clerk, Edward Eggleston; treasurer, Moses Fowl. 1865. Trustees, Leonard Snow, Marcus A. Brown, Oliver Emerson; clerk, Edward Eggleston; treasurer, John A. Ackley. 1866. Trustees, Leander Snow, Chas. J. Pond, Jacob Wetzel; clerk, Jas. M. Cogswell; treasurer, Cyrus Ingersoll. 1867. Trustees, Henry Deutzer, Jas. M. Brown Jacob Hoffman; clerk Asa Emerson; treasurer, J. W. Fay. 1868. Trustees, Henry Deutzer, Leander Snow, Edward Brainard; clerk, Asa Emerson; treasurer, J. W. Fay. 1869. Trustees, Almanza Roberts, 0. F. Nichols, Henry Deutzer; clerk, Theo. M. Towl; treasurer, Lewis Clark. 1870. Trustees, Almanza Roberts. W. J. Marshal, H. Deutzer; clerk, Theo. M. Towl; treasurer, John Hobbs. 1871. Trustees, Leander Snow Almanza Roberts. Jacob Wetzel; clerk, R. N. Hodgman; treasurer, John Hobbs. 1872. Trustees, J. J. Bigelow, H. Deutzer, J. Hobbs; clerk, T. M. Towl; treasurer, 0. F. Nicholas. 1873. Trustees, John Hobbs, Wm. Rederup, Philip Unkrich; clerk, S. B. Ingersoll; treasurer, 0. F. Nicholas.