450 - HISTORY OF FRANKLIN COUNTY known writers before the American public. His novels are always among the "best sellers." He originally came from Zanesville, but lived for many years and received his education in Columbus. His father practiced dentistry on High Street, near State, and Zane and his two brothers were notable baseball players in their day. Two of them, and possibly all three of them, even played the great American game professionally for a short time at least. General John Beatty, the soldier, public man and banker, produced a novel "The Belle of Beckett's Lane," which is very readable, but did not attain wide publicity, and Webster P. Huntingon, one of the cleverist editorial paragraphers in the country, published a novel, which combined with mysterious plot a style of composition far superior to that of many of the mystery novels that have had much popularity and heavy sales. F. F. D. Albery, lawyer, launched two novels on the literary tide, and Elmer Vance, who acquired fame and fortune as the author of a melodrama in which he applied his practical knowledge as a telegrapher to stage effects in the once immensely popular melodrama, "The Lightning Express," written and mounted while he was a railroad dispatcher at the Union Depot in Columbus, published a work of fiction, "Nellie Harland." Dr. D. T. Gilliam has lightened the labors of the medical profession by incur sions into literature through the medium of two novels. More recently Hubbard Hutchinson, a son of the late Harrie Hutchinson, at one time well known in newspaper work, attracted attention by a novel, "Chanting Wheels," published first in serial form in a magazine of high grade fiction and afterward in book form. The novel, while marked by some of the minor faults of the neophyte, contains passages of great power and gives promise of a really great future. Mr. Hutchinson has also published several delightful books of travel. Donald Ogden Stewart, a son of the late Judge Stewart, has made himself a name as a writer of the facetious. Scannell O'Neill, of the Catholic Columbian, has written a great deal of charming poetry. Educational literature has been much enriched by Columbus authors. Probably the first of the educational writers to function here was T. W. Harvey, state school commissioner, whose "English Grammar" was probably the most disliked book that bothered the HISTORY OF FRANKLIN COUNTY - 451 brains of public school students a half century ago. Mr. Harvey made the mistake of trying to engraft Latin grammar on the English language, with the result, as his book was adopted everywhere in the Ohio schools, of creating a great deal of confusion in juvenile minds over the comparatively simple subject of grammar. The book is now unknown except to the old and middle aged. O. T. Corson, Dr. J. A. Shawan and Dr. F. W. Howard, the latter a Catholic educator, have written much and well on educational subjects. In the older day Dr. T. G. Wormley, a professor of chemistry at Starling Medical College, produced works on poisons and their chemistry, illustrated by his wife, which still are standards in the subject of toxicology. No one of all the Columbus writers, however, stood higher than Rev. Dr. Washington Gladden, eminent editor and prolific producer in many branches of authorship. Of course there have been many other writers in the history of Columbus, but they were authors of evanescent works, which have served their temporary purpose and which hardly entitled their makers to places in the temple of literary fame. Not least of these was Mrs. Elizabeth Cherry Page, a teacher in the schools, whose sad death suddenly ended a literary career that promised great fame. In its journalistic history the capital of Ohio has been rich indeed. A number of the newspaper writers of the city achieved a prominence in journalistic controversy and in the gathering of news equal to that of any except the very greatest of workers in this arduous field. The beginnings were of course small, but they were prompt. The first newspaper published in Columbus was the Freeman's Chronicle, edited by James B. Gardiner, who was typesetter, pressman, news-gatherer and editor. It was published in Franklinton and its first issue bore the date July 4, 1812. It lasted two years. The Chronicle was a very modest representative of the journalistic profession, indeed, consisting of a folio of four small pages, set up with an assortment of type picked up at random and published irregularly as exigency arose or conditions permitted. Occasionally the supply of paper was exhausted and could not be renewed immediately. Again the ink had all been used up. On another occasion the mails from the East, which supplied in the more established journals which they 452 - HISTORY OF FRANKLIN COUNTY brought west nearly all the news that the Freeman's Chronicle passed on to its subscribers, had been delayed and there was nothing to publish. The day of the local newsgatherer had not yet dawned. Also, the editor and publisher found the financial row of his journalistic venture a hard one to hoe. There was little money in circulation in the new settlements and subscriptions were paid for the most part "in kind," which meant grain, homespun, whiskey, meat and pelts of wild animals. The editor on one occasion complained in his editorial column that during the preceding six months he had spent $150 for paper alone and had received only $30 for subscriptions. The advertising department was merely an incident and not a profitable one to the business of newspaper publication. It indeed required a great public spirit to keep a paper going, but Mr. Gardner persevered for two years, publishing his paper as news came in from the military front. The motto of the Freeman's Chronicle, printed at the top of the first page, was : "Here shall the press the people's right maintain, Unawed by influence, unbribed by gain Here patriot truth its glorious precepts draw, Pledged to religion, liberty and law." The first line of this stanza is engraved in stone over the front entrance of the present impressive Ohio State Journal Building, so the late Robert F. Wolfe was not the first Columbus newspaper publisher to adopt that sentiment. The Freeman's Chronicle went the way of other occasional journals, when the Western Intelligencer, first published in Worthington, was removed in 1814 to Columbus. The Intelligencer was the forerunner of the Ohio State Journal and gives that publication the reason for its daily announcement, "Established in 1811." To this modest ancestor the Journal traces its beginning. The Western Intelligencer was the result of the thought and enterprise of Colonel James Kilbourne, the pioneer founder of Worthington, ubiquitous and energetic in all public movements. In 1809 Colonel Kilbourne and Robert D. Richardson bought the first press to appear in Central Ohio and arranged for the publication of a paper, the Western Intelligencer. Paper was bought and seven columns of HISTORY OF FRANKLIN COUNTY - 453 type set up by Ezra Griswold, but Mr. Richardson, who was the experienced man in journalism of these projectors, failed to issue the sheet, and the enterprise lay dormant until 1811, when the first copy of the Western Intelligencer, the first newspaper published in the county, came from the press. Joel Buttles and George Smith were the proprietors and editors. The paper was removed to Columbus in 1814, and through many mutations, under different names, with many consolidations and many vicissitudes, it has continued, until it is now the powerful Ohio State Journal, "daily and Sunday," with a huge plant and an army of writers and other employes. During these years, nearly a century and a quarter, it has engaged the services of many talented men and has exerted a commanding influence in the Republican party and the forerunners of that political organization. Among the many editorial writers who have thundered their doctrines at the public through the columns of the Journal have been Joel Buttles, George Smith, James Hills, P. H. Olmsted, Ezra Griswold, George Nashee, John Bailhache, Charles Scott, Smithson E. Wright, John M. Gallagher, John Teesdale, William B. Thrall, Henry Reed, William T. Bascom, Oren Follett, Aaron F. Perry, John Greiner, Colonel William Schouler, A. M. Gangewer, Henry D. Cook, William Dean Howells, F. W. Hurtt, William T. Coggeshall, J. Q. Howard, General James M. Comly, Andy W. Francisco, Sylvanus "Sam" E. Johnson, Colonel James Taylor, Samuel J. Flickinger, Colonel W. S. Furay, General B. R. Cowen, E. K. Rife, Daniel L. Bowersmith, Samuel McClure, Colonel E. S. Wilson, Robert O. Ryder, and the two present admirable editorial writers, A. E. McKee and J. A. Meckstroth. During the nearly century and a quarter of its existence the paper has absorbed or outlived many rival upstarts and twice has experienced the embarrassments of judicial foreclosure, but for many years it has been above the worries of financial distress. When the writer of this article entered the newspaper profession it was as a reporter on the Ohio State Journal. The paper was owned by a company, of which two railroad officials, Colonel James O'Brien of Cincinnati and Henry Monett of Pittsburgh, were important stockholders. The company had a job printing department, on which and on a widely distributed weekly it actually depended for all profits. The two railroad officials had in their power the giving out of much 454 - HISTORY OF FRANKLIN COUNTY printing and they did not overlook the Journal job printing establishment. The echoes from the powerful editorial writings of General Comly still resounded through the political atmosphere, but were no more potent than those of General B. R. Cowan, a writer of power and finish, who presided at the editorial desk. Captain Alfred E. Lee was assistant editor. Captain Lee lived on Jefferson Avenue and walked home every morning after the paper had been put to bed, armed with a huge revolver which he had carried throughout the Civil War, in which he had been an aide on the staff of General Rutherford B. Hayes. The streets, when the moon did not shine, were as dark as Erebus, and the writer foolishly invited a shot from that big revolver when he accosted Captain Lee in the shade of the trees at Broad Street and Grant Avenue one cloudy morning. The captain carried the gun at his breast, at full cock, ready for any one of the desperate and dangerous prowlers who occasionally at that time attacked pedestrians at night. Captain Lee shortly afterward resigned to assume editorial duties in Toledo and was succeeded by Samuel S. Knabenshue, who resigned his desk to go to the managing editorship of the Toledo Blade and thence into the United States consular service. D. L. Bowersmith, one of the most accomplished newspaper men ever produced in Ohio, was city editor, and there were two reporters, reenforced during the session of the Legislature by one other, who was invariably the correspondent of a Cleveland paper. The mechanical plant, while fully up to the requirements of the day, were absurdly primitive as compared with the elaborate equipment of the Journal today. Of course all type was handset, the typesetting machine not as yet being more than a fantastic dream in the mind of the inventor. The proofreading was all done by one man, Harry Kerr, but he was at the top of his profession. The tramp printer was in evidence at one case or more in the composing room every night. There was no Sunday paper and Saturday was the one holiday—without pay—of the week. The telegraphic service was the Associated Press, but not the metropolitan service of that great organization. The Journal received the "pony" press report, which was taken in by one operator in longhand on "flimsy" paper. The press on which the paper was printed was a "flat" press, fed by hand, and one of the two feeders was Charles Harley, father of the "Chick" HISTORY OF FRANKLIN COUNTY - 455 Harley whose name will always be one to conjure with in Ohio State University football circles. Many of the older newspaper men who had made reputations prior to and during the Civil War were still functioning. The brilliant Fred D. Mussey was writing for the Cincinnati Commercial. Colonel Charles B. Flood tottered from home on Sixth Street to the Neil House and back and contributed weekly letters to the Cincinnati Enquirer on "Oldtime Politics." Howard Conard, J. Q. Howard, Sam Johnson attended all political conventions. Columbus was in fact the center of political interest in the United States outside Washington City and attracted the best of newspaper talent. Ohio, holding its state elections in October, was an all-important state politically and its capital was a breeding place for political journalists. The work of journalism has been enormously increased here since those days, but it is doubtful if the quality of its political writings has been raised. The Journal, through the death of the Cincinnati capitalist, Colonel West, fell into the hands of Colonel James D. Ellison, who associated with him as his chief editor Samuel G. McClure, an experienced writer from the Cleveland Leader staff. Under their management a Sunday edition was added and the paper developed into metropolitan proportions. On the death of Colonel Ellison, the Journal passed into the hands of the late Robert F. Wolfe and his brother, Harry Wolfe, who later acquired ownership of the Evening and Sunday Dispatch, which, together with the Journal, is now published by Harry Wolfe and the heirs of Robert F. Wolfe. The ancient political rival of the Journal was the Statesman, which had its origin in the Ohio Monitor, first published in 1816. Under varying names and dynasties, this paper persisted until 1907, when, under the name of the News, it gave its last gasp in a building at Third and State Streets, where the Hartman Theater now stands. David Smith was the editor of the Monitor until 1835 when it consolidated with the Hemisphere and became the property of the Medarys, Jacob, father, and Samuel, son, the latter one of the most powerful and vitriolic editorial writers the western country has produced. When the Medarys took charge of the paper they named it the Statesman, 456 - HISTORY OF FRANKLIN COUNTY and under that name it attained immense fame. It was seldom highly profitable, and therefore there were kaleidoscopic changes in the ownership but Sam Medary almost invariably drifted back into the editorial chair and took up the cudgels for the Democratic party. During the Civil War he was distinctly out of sympathy with the national administration and got into serious trouble but his pencil still kept moving for he had the courage of his convictions even if those convictions were wholly at variance from the trend of economic truth and human progress. In 1854 this paper became the Ohio Statesman and Democrat and so continued until 1880 when on passing into the hands of Captain John H. Putnam George H. Tyler of Chillicothe and John G. Thompson of Columbus a national Democratic practical political leader its name was changed to the Times. In the meantime it had met financial difficulties and had gone into the hands of a receiver. It again flourished for a few years and again got into difficulties and was sold at judicial sale. This time it came into the possession of a company consisting of Colonel Simeon K. Donavin, W. W. Medary, R. S. Warner, F. W. Prentiss and William Trevitt. Colonel Donavin was the editorial writer. He was an accomplished man, one of the best writers in the country, a man of determined character and of such wide experience as made him a mine of information. He had been a reporter in Baltimore at the time of the John Brown raid and was the first newspaper man on the scene of that heroic if foolish attempt to overthrow the system of slavery. He remained with Brown till the latter's execution and, although an old-time Democrat, was always an admirer of that inspired fanatic. His editorial writings were as powerful as had been those of Samuel Medary, but times had changed, no such burning issues attracted the public attention and the paper again fell into difficulties. In 1885 it passed into the hands of Ferd. J. Wendell of Dayton, and for a time, under the skillful business management of Charles W. Harper, was a moneymaker. But Mr. Wendell experimented with rundown newspaper properties elsewhere and the profits of the Press, as it was now known, went to bolster the tottering footsteps of publications in other cities. A rival Democratic daily, the Post, had been started by Charles Q. Davis, Samuel McCullough, Frank Smith and H. S. Perkins, the last HISTORY OF FRANKLIN COUNTY - 457 named being the editor of the paper. Mr. Perkins was very deaf and used probably the first aid ever invented for sufferers from that defect—a metal plate held between the teeth. McCullough, Smith and Perkins all came from Northwestern Ohio. They did not long maintain connection with the Post and Mr. Davis assumed the full responsibility. Mr. Davis supported Calvin S. Brice in the latter's successful candidacy for the United States Senate and the paper was well supported until that contest had been decided. Shortly afterwards it was bought in by Mr. Wendell and combined with the Press as the Press-Post. The old Times and its predecessor had fluctuated between the morning and the evening fields, but Mr. Wendell fixed the status of the Press-Post in the evening field, with a Sunday morning edition, where it flourished both in a business and in an editorial sense until the drains of the half-moribund newspapers in other cities which Mr. Wendell bought in and tried to resuscitate became too much and it again went into the hands of the courts. It was bought by a company, whose principal members were L. P. Stephens, George W. Dun, DeWitt C. Jones and Webster P. Huntington. They rejuvenated the property, bought the first typesetting machines used by an English-language newspaper in Columbus, reorganized the editorial and local departments and built up a profitable and creditable newspaper property. A controlling interest in the capital stock fell into the hands, however, of a young capitalist, Clarence Jones, who was so unwise as to print a derogatory editorial of the president when McKinley was assassinated and a mob of outraged citizens raided and sacked the office on East Broad Street. Again the paper changed hands and struggling along, finally under the name of the News, until it died a natural death in 1907. The more distinguished publishers and editors of the Statesman, Times, Press-Post and News, under which names this paper appeared at various times, were : David Smith, Ezra Griswold, Jacob Medary, Samuel Medary, C. C. and C. R. Hazewell, James Haddock Smith, S. S. Cox, H. W. Derby, Horace S. Knapp, Colonel Charles B. Flood, Charles J. Foster, Thomas Miller, Colonel George W. Manypenny, Amos Layman, Lewis Baker, E. B. Eshelman (whose son afterward became prominent in Cincinnati journalism), Richard Nevins (whose beautiful daughter married a son of James G. Blaine, the statesman). 458 - HISTORY OF FRANKLIN COUNTY James Mills, Jonathan F. Linton, (who maintained an active interest in public affairs until his death only a few years ago), Judge Joel Myers, A. J. Mack, Captain John H. Putnam, Solon L. Goode, James Goode, George W. Henderson, Leslie McPherson, V. C. Ward, (later engaged in the railroad ticket business with Jared P. Bliss, Colonel Simeon K. Donavin, W. W. Medary, (son of the Samuel Medary of earlier fame and for long connected with the railroad interests that center in Columbus), R. S. Warner, F. W. Prentiss, William Trevitt, E. K. Rife, Henry T. Chittenden, Ferd. J. Wendell, Charles W. Harper, L. P. Stephens, DeWitt C. Jones, Webster P. Huntington, George W. Dun, Clarence Jones (under whose proprietorship the disastrous editorial on the death of President McKinley was published) , Ellis 0. Jones, C. C. Philbrick. Of these J. H. Galbraith, after a long and very able career as a journalist ranging from lowly reporter to the dignity of chief editorial writer and from the time of his graduation at Ohio State University continuously to the present, is the only one still engaged in daily journalism. He is rounding out a record of effective, scrupulously just and highly proficient labor as editorial writer for the Columbus Dispatch. The Columbus Evening and Sunday Dispatch, which has been built up into one of the most powerful and prosperous newspaper properties in the West, was of accidental origin and of astoundingly successful fortunes from the date of its first issue. It happened to meet a want, to fill a place waiting for it, and since its first issue it has never known the pangs of financial stress. It has been a business success ever since its birth. A group of young men, all connected with journalism and most of them printers, were discussing the newspaper situation in this city and it was suggested that times were ripe for a new publication in Columbus, one not rigidly attached to either of the two major political parties. The suggestion was taken up instantly and the young men decided that they would "take a chance," as one of them expressed it. It did not cost much in 1871, when this step was taken, to start a newspaper. A few fonts of type and a flat press were all that were necessary, and they were to be had at second hand, if funds were too short for new equipment. The main difficulty was always found in the keeping up of running expenses. These young men were all of HISTORY OF FRANKLIN COUNTY - 459 them thrifty and had saved a little money. They decided that they would start a newspaper, and that every one of them would maintain himself out of his savings for a certain period and let his earning stand to his credit, being used meanwhile for the support of the new venture. In the latter part of June, 1871, therefore, the Dispatch Printing Company of Columbus, with a nominal capital stock of $10,000, not anywhere nearly paid up, was incorporated by William Trevitt, Jr., Samuel Bradford, Timothy McMahon, James O'Donnell, Peter C. Johnson, L. Pearce Stephens, John M. Webb, J. S. B. Given, C. M. Morris and W. W. Webb. Each paid in one hundred dollars and Mr. Trevitt happened to own a press, which was put to use. With this modest capital the Columbus Evening Dispatch, which now is believed to be worth several million dollars and not purchasable at any price, started on its journey of phenomenal success. The projectors fortunately happened to be able to acquire a list of 900 subscribers to a publication that had been proposed but had not been printed and 800 of these prospective readers of the abortive newspaper decided to transfer their support to the new venture. For there years these volunteer publishers continued in the management and ownership of the Dispatch, and their success. was so phenomenal that several of them became frightened. As one of them said years later, "It all seemed too good to last." So in 1874 they sold the prosperous little property for $10,500 to Putnam & Doren. who in 1876 sold it again to Myers & Brickell (Captain L. D. Myers and William D. Brickell). In 1882 Captain Myers was appointed postmaster of the city and Mr. Brickell continued as sole owner until failing health compelled him to retire from business altogether, when he sold the property at a price said to be less than $300,000, to Congressman Gill of Steubenville, who, although a Republican, wanted an organ with which to throw United States Senator Charles Dick from his seat in the Republican councils of this state. Under Mr. Brickell the paper probably did not attain as high a literary standard as it might have done, but it was always edited in a dignified and scrupulously fair style, independently but with a leaning toward the Republican party, and continued to prosper like the proverbial "green bay tree." It was really worth much more than Mr. Brickell received for it, but he had other large interests and his illness, which ended 460 - HISTORY OF FRANKLIN COUNTY not long afterward in his death, compelled him to abandon business altogether. Mr. Brickell had added in the latter nineties a Sunday edition, which immediately became outstanding among Sunday publications. The Dispatch was served with its outside news by the Associated Press and Mr. Brickell could not obtain a Sunday franchise with that powerful organization until the Sunday Morning News, which owned the Associated Press rights for Sunday morning use in this city, was finally compelled to shut up shop in the face of the too strenuous competition of the daily press. J. B. K. Connelly, owner of the Sunday Morning News, sold his Associated Press franchise to Mr. Brickell and made possible the issue of a Sunday edition of the Dispatch. Congressman Gill's health became bad and he was ordered west to recuperate. He had been disappointed in some of his associates in the publication of the Dispatch, and, when he stopped at Chicago on his way west, he was met by John C. Easrman, a former student at Ohio State University and reporter on the Ohio State Journal and at the time owner and publisher of the Chicago Journal, who, as representative of Robert F. and Harry P. Wolfe, found him in an amenable mood to entertain a proposition for the sale of his newspaper property. The deal was made and the Wolfe brothers, already owners of the Ohio State Journal, found themselves in addition proprietors of the most profitable afternoon paper in the Middle West. Under their proprietorship and liberal management the Dispatch has grown in size and in quality until now it stands on a plane of equality with the foremost afternoon papers of the country and is enormously valuable. The Columbus Citizen, another evening publication, but without a Sunday edition, is also an outstanding example of success following the grasping of an opportunity. Up to the latter nineties the Journal had sold at five cents and the Dispatch and Press-Post for three cents apiece for single copies. It occurred to George Smart, formerly city editor of the Press-Post, later connected with the Cleveland Plain Dealer and for a time a laborer in the New York journalistic vineyard, that the time was ripe for a penny newspaper in Columbus. Mr. Smart was an Ohio man, born at Chillicothe, of which city his father was at one time mayor. He was educated at Ohio State University HISTORY OF FRANKLIN COUNTY - 461 and his sympathies were here in Columbus, where he had started his newspaper career. His cousin, George Dun, who had been with him at college and had had experience as one of the proprietors of the Press-Post, was consulted and agreed with him. Several other associates, of much enthusiasm but little wealth, were taken into the plan and it was promptly set afoot. An outfit of type was purchased and there was enough money left to pay canvassers for subscriptions, but not to purchase a press. Arrangements were made with the publishers of the Westbote, a German-language daily, to issue the new paper from the Westbote plant, and to lease the telegraphic news service of the Scripps-Howard league, a rival of the Associated Press. On the first clay of March, 1899, the Citizen first appeared on the streets of Columbus. Besides the penny price, the publishers presented another innovation in Columbus journalism, a noon edition. The response from the public was immediate and surprising. Within a month the paper was more than paying expenses, its field was enlarged and it was launched on a most successful career. Independent in politics, with a Democratic leaning, well edited and with a splendid staff of expert news gatherers and writers, it very soon had a firm hold on the affections of the (2-,]12."!:',P.13 public. Unfortunately for the founders, their success attracted the attention of the Scripps-Howard combination, whose managers decided to enter the field themselves. This would have been of little importance to the Citizen publishers, but it meant the withdrawal from them of their only means of obtaining telegraphic news service, and they were compelled to sell in self-defense to the Scripps-Howard people. Mr. E. E. Cooke, who had left the old Press-Post staff to become city editor of the Citizen and had arisen to the managing editorship, continued in that capacity. Peculiarly fitted for the duties of management under the Scripps-Howard system of journalism, Mr. Cooke has risen still higher until he has become the editorial manager of all the Scripps-Howard papers in Ohio, as well as in Pittsburgh and in Kentucky. The paper has its own completely equipped plant and it is now backed by the enormous resources of the Scripps-Howard combination. It now receives both the United Press and the Scripps-Howard telegraphic reports. A very well edited and energetic daily newspaper, the Sun, was established in Columbus in 1907 and was conducted for two years 462 - HISTORY OF FRANKLIN COUNTY under the management of C. C. Philbrick, the present virile editor and publisher of The Week, a semimonthly magazine devoted to the interests of the Republican party, but insufficient financial backing compelled its suspension. Informed admirers of good journalism have regretted this loss. Other dailies, representing evanescent issues or mistaken beliefs in the public needs, have come and gone through the years, "vie Schatten auf dem Wagen," according to the words of the German poem, leaving behind not much more evidence of their existence than did those "shadows on the waves," forgotten and some of them not even represented in the archaeological collections of the state. The German press of the capital had a long and profitable career until the World War made their publication in the German language unprofitable and even impossible and they too disappeared. The Columbus Herold, a tri-weekly, represents those departed influential publications. The Westbote had a long, prosperous life and died only when the fortunes of the family of Jacob Reinhard, its founder, were broken by the failure of the Reinhard Bank. An effort was made to continue it after his financial fiasco, but the history of the paper ended even before the war. The Express, a German daily combined with the Sonntagsgast, was for a long time published by the late Leo Hirsch, a native of Germany, a lovable character and a strong writer in his own language, but it too succumbed to the anti-German war fever. It was on this paper that Gus J. Karger, who male a national reputation as Washington correspondent of the Cincinnati Times Star, had his first training in journalism. He wrote with equal facility in both German and Engish. There are now published in Columbus a great number of periodicals, many of them devoted to special interests and unknown to most residents of the city although having wide circulation over the country. The most prominent of are probably the Catholic Columbian, which has had a long life as representative of the interests of the Roman Catholic Church and is at present ably edited by James Carroll, and Der Waisenfreund, the history of which is published elsewhere in this volume. Others are: Advertising World, the American Issue (the organ of the Anti-Saloon League with an enormous HISTORY OF FRANKLIN COUNTY - 463 circulation throughout the country), The Building Witness, the Christion Worker, Coal Age, Columbus Builder, Columbus Herold (a revival of the German language papers, published three times a week), the Columbus Motorist, Columbus This Week, Community News (published in the interests of the residents of Grandview), Current Events, Daily Reporter (a legal publication), Engineering News Record, Fur-Fish Game, Highway Topics (devoted to good roads), Hilltop Record (devoted to the interests of the people of the West Side), Hunter-Trapper-Fisher (devoted to outdoor sports such as are indicated in the title and having a wide circulation), the Josephinum Weekly, the Linden News (in the interest of the residents of northeastern Columbus), Looseleaf Current Topics, News Outline, Northern Star (a local publication of interest to North-End citizens), Ohio Christian News, Ohio Druggist, Ohio Gas and Oil Men's Journal, Ohio Jewish Chronicle, Ohio Mason, Ohio Odd Fellow, Ohio Public Works, Ohio Schools, Ohio State Medical Journal, Ohio Stockman and Farmer, Ohio Teacher, Ohio Woman Voter, The Sample Case, Work, World News, The Week (Republican magazine with circulation extending throughout the United States). The consolidation Of the publishing establishments of the Lutheran Church at Chicago and Columbus under the management of the Lutheran Book Concern in this city will increase the number of publications here so as to include periodicals as follows : Bible Picture Charts, Bible Picture Cards, Intermediate Sundayschool Lesson Quarterly, Teacher's Monthly, School Carols, Lutheran Youth, Catechism Quarterly, Senior Sundayschool Lessons Quarterly, Adult Sunday-school Lesson Quarterly, Little Lessons for Beginners, Primary School Carols, Childs' Paper, Teachers' Manual, Primary Paper, Junior Sundayschool Lesson Quarterly, Junior Graded Lesson Quarterly, the Almanac, the Kalender, Lutheran Standard, Lutherische Kirchenzeitung, Joint Synod Vestryman, Jugendblatt, Kirchliche Zeitschrift Magazine, Monthly Missionary Programs, Pastor's Monthly, Studies for Luther Leagues and other and occasional issues of church literary and instructional character. In addition to these publications, the Ohio State University issues a number of periodicals devoted to student life and university affairs and every high school in the city has a magazine of some kind edited 464 - HISTORY OF FRANKLIN COUNTY by students. Other periodicals come from the various departments of the state government. There are also periodicals devoted to the interests of the colored race and of special interests, not all of them having regular dates of issue. Many, many journals, besides those that survived the swaddling clothes period and have met the test of public endorsement and still live, constitute a very long list of publications that have seen the light, served or failed to serve the temporary purposes for which they were brought forth and have lost their identities by merger or been discontinued for one or other of the causes that stop newspaper circulation. Among these, which ranged from dailies to monthlies and quarterlies and whose names are in many cases merely meaningless reminiscences, have been the following: Western Sentinel, Civil Engineer and Herald of Internal Improvements, Ohio State Bulletin, National Enquirer, Western Hemisphere, Ohio Register and Masonic Review, People's Press, Ohio Confederate, Tornado and Straightout Harrisonian, Ohio Tribune, Columbus Gazette (a paper devoted first to Free Soil principles and afterward to prohibition and continuing in existence from 1849 to 1886), Ohio Whig Auger and Loco Foco Excavator, Tax-Killer, Ohio Press, Ohio Standard, Campaigner, Western Mechanic, Daily Capital City Fact (afterward the Daily Evening Express, which lasted from 1851 to 1863), the Columbian, Daily Ohio State Democrat, Columbus Reveille, Western Home Visitor, Continental, Columbus Daily Enterprise, the Alliance, People's Press, Evening Bulletin, Common Sense Against the Maine Law, the Crisis (a widely circulated paper which was edited by Samuel Medary and was opposed to the carrying on of the Civil War), Union League, the Republic, Whip-poor-will, Mac-o-chee Press, The Sentinel (a morning daily backed by United States Senator Allen G. Thurman and others), Sunday Herald, Sunday News, Sunday Capital, the Columbus Democrat (a morning daily which merged with the Statesman), Law Bulletin, Franklin County Legal Record, National Greenback Leader, the Daily Labor, the Ohio Way, Ohio State Sentinel, Bohemian (a sprightly literary, weekly edited and published by Arnold Isler, who, after the discontinuance of the paper, was for years exchange editor of the Cincinnati Enquirer, in which position he revolutionized HISTORY OF FRANKLIN COUNTY - 465 methods and introduced a new system in that department of journalism), Telegram, the Owl, Sunday World, United Mine Workers' Journal, North Side Enterprise, Irish Times, Our School Youth, Afro-American, Industrial Union, Ohio Fish and Game Protector, the Emigrant (the first German language paper published in this city), Ohio Adler (German), Ohio Staatszeitung (German daily), Volkstribune (German), Republikanische Presse (German), Columbus Republican (German), Allgemeine Volkszeitung (German), Cross and Journal, twelve Lutheran papers and magazines, Little Crusader, Gospel Expositor, Parish Monitor, District Review, Our Sunday School, Ohio Cultivator (the first agricultural periodical published in this city), Ploughshare and Pruninghook, German Farmer, Field Notes, Farmer's Chronicle, City and Country, Thompsonian Recorder (first medical journal in Columbus), Ohio Medical and Surgical Journal, Columbus Review of Medicine and Surgery, Monthly Sanitary Record, Ohio Medical Recorder, Ark and Odd Fellows' Western Monthly Magazine (the first Odd Fellow organ published west of the Allegheny Mountains), Companion and American Odd Fellow, The Knight, Masonic Chronicle, Bundle of Sticks, Washingtonian, Hesperian or Western Monthly Magazine (a publication of great literary aspirations), Modern Argo, Western Critic, Saturday Critic, Home Journal, Saturday Dial, Ohio Law Journal, Ohio School Journal, Ohio Journal of Education. The distinctive Sunday papers were for many years prolific of profits and feuds. The Sunday Morning News made comfortable fortunes for its editors and proprietors, E. G. Orebaugh and Frank Brodbeck. The Herald struggled along for many years, making a living for its publisher, and the Sunday Capital was a veritable gold mine. But it was the conduct of the publisher of the last named that put a finish to the exclusive Sunday publications, although their end was foreshadowed by the growth of the Sunday editions of the regular dailies. W. J. Elliott, the editor of the Capital, practiced personal journalism to the utmost and throve on it until F. W. Levering and A. C. Osborne, the latter a former reporter on the Capital, started a rival sheet. In the artistic use of billings gate these two outstripped Elliott, who was too thin skinned to stand such abuse as he administered to others. On High Street, opposite the State House, in the midst of a crowd gathered on Monday, Febru- 466 - HISTORY OF FRANKLIN COUNTY ary 23, 1891, to witness a Washington's birthday parade, Elliott and his brother, Patrick J., came across Osborne and opened fire on him. In the melee Osborne and an innocent bystander and personal friend of Elliott were killed and several others wounded. Elliott got a life sentence in the penitentiary and was later pardoned and the younger brother was sentenced to twenty years imprisonment for manslaughter and also was released before the expiration of his sentence. Both men are now dead. There was one other deadly attack on a Columbus newspaper man. Captain John A. Arthur, local writer on the Sunday News and legislative correspondent for Toledo papers, was murdered in front of his residence on Front Street, on account it was believed of a theological controversy carried on by him in the News. The murderer was never arrested. Enterprising reporters were every once in a while assaulted by indignant evildoers and, if they felt that way, which often occurred, fought back, but, aside from the wrecking of the Press-Post office mentioned above there was only one serious outbreak on account of a journalistic feud in this city. Samuel Medary, in the midst of the Civil War, published a weekly paper, the Crisis, in which the Lincoln administration and the northern cause were bitterly criticised. The office was attacked and turned inside out by a number of indignant Union soldiers, but Medary was given military protection and continued to publish the sheet. Nobody can appreciate the advance made in Columbus journalism as well as journalism elsewhere who has not gone through the mill. An idea of the extent of the Ohio State Journal plant and personnel at the time when the writer of this article entered the profession is given above. The Journal was as well equipped as other papers and had a big job department besides its newspaper department. That plant would be absurdly small if it could be displayed alongside the Journal establishment of today, housed in its own building on Broad Street, especially constructed for the needs of a big paper. In those older days, and the profession had advanced very much beyond where it was in the pioneer days or even at the time of the Civil War, the editorial and reportorial staff numbered altogether not more than five men. Now there are not fewer than twenty men engaged in the gathering and handling of news alone. On the Dispatch there are eight writers in the sports department alone. The Journal has HISTORY OF FRANKLIN COUNTY - 467 two perfecting presses, capable of turning out 32,000 copies of a thirty-six page paper hourly. In those earlier days the circulation of the paper did not reach 3,000 daily. In the composing room there are thirteen linotype machines, each capable of setting up 42,000 ems in a night, and three monotypes, on which all the individual type needed are made. No type are distributed nowadays. Once used they are thrown back into the melting pot and recast if needed. There is a stereotyping department, of course, and there is an art department, housed in a building erected especially for the purpose. In this department there are means for all sorts of photographing and engraving, besides the other artistic work necessary to a modern newspaper. The rotogravure department alone takes up a whole building. Where there was once one operator who took telegraph reports in long hand with a stylus, there are now eight in the Journal office. Where at one time the Associated Press had one part time representative and two operators, one for night and one for day, that organization now has six day and four night operators and has a staff of newsgatherers and editors twelve in number. Its employees in all in the local office number thirty persons. Then there are the United Press, which is not so heavily manned, but has a large staff, and the International News Service (the Hearst service), which has a staff of newsgatherers, editors and operators. And, in addition to the telegraphic wires served by operators ; there are lines on which the newly perfected tele-typewriter is used. With this machine an operator sits at a typewriter, writes as in ordinary composition or copying, and the message is written out on other typewriters in different cities on the line without the intervention of a receiving operator. The Journal in the eighties, with a weekly publication and a big job office in addition to the daily publication, never had more than thirty or thirty-five men on its payroll. The Ohio State Journal today has 350 men on its staff and its typesetting machines are working all day and all night. The same thing is true of the Dispatch and the Citizen. The Dispatch, with its afternoon and its Sunday editions, all of which are larger than the Journal, has a much greater staff and it keeps twenty-six typesetting machines going day and night. The Citizen is just as well equipped, but, being issued only six afternoons in the week, does not require as large an establishment as the seven day a week papers. CHAPTER XXIX STATE INSTITUTIONS. THE PENITENTIARY-SCHOOL FOR THE DEAF-SCHOOL FOR THE BLIND-COLUMBUS STATE HOSPITAL-SCHOOL FOR THE FEEBLE MINDED. THE PENITENTIARY. The present penitentiary is located on West Spring Street and contains 24.7 acres of ground. The first building which comprises the group going to make up the cell houses of the institution was completed in 1834. The East Hall was built in 1861, and what is called the New Hall was completed in 1877. Other buildings were added from time to time to meet various requirements. The woman's department, which was abandoned when other provisions were made for their care, was at the eastern terminus of the main building. For a number of years many federal prisoners were confined in the prison, but in recent years the United States government has kept their prisoners in federal prisons. SCHOOL FOR THE DEAF. The State School for the Deaf, located in Columbus, is one of the oldest institutions in the state and the fifth of its kind in the United States. It has been in existence for over a hundred years. Early in the twenties Dr. James Hoge, a pioneer Presbyterian minister of Columbus, became interested in the care and education of the deaf and blind. He was prominent in public affairs as well as religious work. He had been appointed by the governor one of seven commis-. - 468 - HISTORY OF FRANKLIN COUNTY - 469 sioners to draft a plan for a system of free schools for the state. While working with this commission he was impressed with the necessity of some action for the care and education of the deaf. In 1826 it was determined by a poll of the state that there were 420 mutes in the state, 279 of whom were in poor financial circumstances. Early in 1827 a bill was passed by the General Assembly authorizing the incorporation of a School for the Deaf. Doctor James Hoge and Gustavus Swan, both of Columbus, were appointed among the first trustees of such institution. The school was opened in a rented building on the northwest corner of Broad and High Streets, where the Deshler Hotel now stands. Later it was located north of Broad Street on Front and still later on the corner of High and State Streets until its present site on Town Street was ready. The ground where the building is now located was purchased in 1829 for $500, and today is estimated to be worth over $250,000. It comprises ten acres. In 1832 a building was started and two years later it was completed. It was a three story building and cost $15,000. A new wing was added in 1845 which gave the institution a capacity of 150 pupils. This was soon found to be too small and in 1864 the first part of the present structure was completed. It was built adjacent to the old building and when the new building was completed the old one was torn down. New buildings have been added from time to time as needed. The estimated value of the property is now over a million dollars. Pupils are not received under seven years of age nor permitted to remain after thirteen. The school takes pupils who are too deaf to be educated in the regular public schools, who are of sound mind and free from contagious or offensive disease. A regular hearing school course is pursued and vocational training is taught where pupils may learn a definite trade. Lip-reading and automatic speech is now taught. Dr. J. W. Jones, the present superintendent, has held that position for over thirty years, and his work with the deaf is nationally recognized. The school year opened in September, 1930, with an enrollment of 520 students. 470 - HISTORY OF FRANKLIN COUNTY SCHOOL FOR THE BLIND. A movement towards the establishment of a state school for the blind was started in 1836 by Rev. James Hoge, Dr. William M. Awl and Noah H. Swayne, all of Columbus. A canvass of the state showed that there were 333 blind persons at that time. A bill was enacted in April, 1837, for the education of the blind and the first school was opened in Dr. Hoge's church on State and Third Streets the same year. At first there was one teacher and five pupils. By the end of the year there were eleven pupils. In December, 1827, a lot of nine acres was secured which at that time was described as being "outside of the plat of Columbus on the north side of the National Road." It was paid for by a number of public spirited and benevolent citizens of Columbus. The school property now contains eleven acres but it was originally much larger, extending east to Eighteenth Street, north to Bryden Road and south to Main Street. The first building was completed in 1839 at a cost of $34,000 and was occupied in October of that year. A. W. Penniman was the first teacher. In 1840 William Chapin became the first superintendent. In May, 1869, the Legislature authorized the building of the present structure, the old building having outlived its usefulness. The new building was completed in 1874. It is built entirely of stone and as nearly fireproof as was possible to build at that time. With some few minor improvements it is practically the same as when first occupied. In September, 1930, the school has a total of 240 pupils. J. F. Lumb is the present superintendent. COLUMBUS STATE HOSPITAL. The Columbus State Hospital was opened in 1838. It was first located on sixty-four acres of ground on East Broad Street, near Lexington Avenue. The building was sufficiently completed in November, 1838, to receive patients. The original building was a large structure covering an acre of ground. The cost was about $150,000 but much of the construction work was done by prisoners from the penitentiary. HISTORY OF FRANKLIN COUNTY - 471 On November 18, 1868, the building was burned to the ground, presumably being set on fire by a patient. Six of the patients were suffocated in the ward where the fire originated but all others were rescued. In 1870 the next Legislature sold the site of the old hospital for $250,000 and secured the present property, which was then two miles west of the city limits. The present building was constructed on what is known as the "Kirkbride plan" which was originated for such institutions by Dr. Thomas Kirkbride, an eminent alienist of Philadelphia. It required seven years to complete the building, at a cost of $1,462,634.55. The grounds contain 340 acres, 100 of which are tillable where farm-gardening is carried on. SCHOOL FOR THE FEEBLE MINDED. The School for the Feeble Minded was founded in 1857. It was authorized by an act of the General Assembly in that year. At first a house was rented on Main Street and the school was opened with an enrollment of sixteen pupils. Dr. G. R. Patterson was the first superintendent and served for three years. Dr. G. A. Doren was selected to succeed him. Dr. Doren served in that capacity for forty-five years, until his death in 1905. In 1860 an addition was built to the original house occupied by the school. In 1864 the Legislature appropriated $25,000 for a permanent location, and 100 acres of the present site was purchased for $35 per acre. Later more land was purchased and the grounds now contain 1871/2 acres. It is located on the south side of West Broad Street opposite the State Hospital. At the time it was purchased by the state it was two miles west of the city limits. It is on an eminence overlooking the city and is a beautiful location. The custodial farm of the institution is at Orient, Pickaway County. It contains 1200 acres and there all the vegetables used in the institution are raised 150 cows are milked and a variety of work is carried on. CHAPTER XXX TOWNSHIPS AND VILLAGES. BLENDON TOWNSHIP-EARLY SETTLERS-FIRST CHURCHES-FOUNDING OF WESTERVILLE-OTTERBEIN COLLEGE-ANTI-SALOON LEAGUE-BROWN TOWNSHIP-JONATHAN ALDER-NEGRO SETTLEMENT-THE COWCATCHER- CLINTON TOWNSHIP-BECOMING PART OF CITY-THE HESS AND OTHER EARLY FAMILIES-FOUNDING OF NORTH COLUMBUS-VILLAGE OF CLINTONVILLE-EARLY MILLS AND DISTILLERIES-FRANKLIN TOWNSHIP- VILLAGES OF ROME, URBANCREST, ETC.-CAMP CHASE-FIRST SCHOOLS AND CHURCHES-ABSORPTION BY COLUMBUS. BLENDON TOWNSHIP. Blendon, in the northern tier of townships in Franklin County, retains the lines of the original survey, although for judicial and other civil purposes it was for a time attached to Sharon Township. It lies in the United States Military Lands and is just five miles square, being bounded on the north by Delaware County, on the east by Plain Township, on the south by Mifflin Township and on the west by Sharon Township. It was first settled in 1806 and was organized in its present form in 1815. It was originally a part of Harrison Township, the major part of which was set off to Delaware County in 1810. While the surface of the township is broken up by Alum Creek and Big Walnut Creek, the soil is in most places very fertile and the farmers have as a rule been among the wealthiest of their class in Franklin County. The Akron division of the Pennsylvania Railroad runs through the township, with a station at Westerville, the one village of any importance. The Westerville Pike, an extension of Cleveland Avenue in Columbus (the old Harbor Road), the Sunbury Road and the Worthington and Granville Pike, heavily traveled highways, pass through the township. - 472 - HISTORY OF FRANKLIN COUNTY - 473 The first settlers in Blendon were Edward Phelps and Isaac Griswold, who arrived from Connecticut in 1806. Mr. Phelps cut down the first tree felled by a white man in the township. His family is still well represented in the social and business life of Franklin County and has always been a prominent one. Simeon Moore, Sr., another son of Connecticut, was the next arrival. He was related to the Phelps family, which had succeeded in clearing a tract of seven acres, and, until he could carve out from the forest a sufficient place for his own cabin, lived with them. Mr. Moore took a farm of 500 acres on Big Walnut and the farm remained in the hands of his family until far into the twentieth century. The last Moore who farmed it was a voluminous reader and a "progressive" in all political matters. While a good farmer, he was well known in the Capital City for the smoothness of his arguments in favor of his peculiar political tenets. Simeon Moore, the first settler, had been a soldier in the Revolutionary War and had taken part in the historic battle of Bunker Hill. His son, Simeon, Jr., made buckets and sold them at Chillicothe for as much corn per bucket as a bucket would hold. Other settlers who followed quickly in the path cut out for them by these pioneers were John Cooper, William Cooper, Colonel George Osborne, Francis Olmstead, Samuel McDonald, Samuel Puntney, Isaac Harrison, John Yovel, Cruger Wright, Reuben Carpenter, John Matoon, Garrit Sharp, Levi Goodrich, Bela Goodrich, Robert McCutcheon, Menzies Gillespie (who was an orderly sergeant in General Winfield Scott's brigade in the War of 1812), Israel Baldwin, William Watt, C. P. Hempstead, Robert Jamison, John Bishop, Ezra Sammis, Thomas Folland, Peter Westervelt, William Westervelt, Matthew Westervelt, Oliver Clark, Origin Rugg, Aaron Phillips, Jonathan Noble, Joseph Clapham, Grove Pinney, Elias Cornell, Samuel Loomis, Nicholas Budd, George W. Williams, Thomas Schrock, Edward Connelly, Jacob B. Connelly, Stephen Good, Edward Nutt, Welch Richey, John Judy, John Hagar, Edward D. Howard, Joseph Dickey, H. T. Henderson, Edwin Gravina, G. S. Dusenbury, Nathan S. Vincent and Abner Park. A few years later there came to Blendon a man, 'Squire Timothy Lee, who at different times proved his public spirit and generosity in many ways. He came from Massachusetts and was not only an educated man, but was imbued with 474 - HISTORY OF FRANKLIN COUNTY modern views and knew business methods. To him is very largely due the fine development of the township. He held many offices in the township and, although always favoring feasible improvements, succeeded in keeping the township always out of debt, a difficult consummation in those days, when money was scarce and improvements were so woefully needed. He at an early date erected a distillery, to give the farmers a market for their corn, which could find a convenient place of sale nowhere else, but, becoming a strong advocate of not only temperance but total abstinence from the use of intoxicants, he dismantled the distillery in the belief that slack sales were a less evil than drunken lives. He built a grist and saw mill, however, and at one time operated a woolen mill within the township. He has been described as of the old Roman type, with a stern and unbending sense of duty. Other early arrivals who made their mark on the new community were: Gideon W. Hart, a surveyor, a colonel of militia and for many years a justice of the peace ; Artemus Cutler, a farmer, miller, builder and exhorter in the church, who, being chidden for a rather unministerial tendency toward exaggeration, proved the charge against him by declaring that he "had shed barrels of tears over his weakness," but who withal was a very useful man among the immi grants into this wilderness ; "Uncle" James Lawson, one of the twelve children of Peter P. Lawson and wife, who, after following the calling of a wagoner for many years, went into the live stock business, was the first man to ship live stock by rail from this section of the country to New York City, and, after amassing a fortune of more than $100,000, impoverished himself by making good losses resulting from the rascality of a decamping partner ; 'Squire Randall R. Arnold, who, in coming with a party from the vicinity of Lake Champlain, passed through Buffalo the night before it was burned by the British in the War of 1812 and, when nearing the site of Wooster in this state, met General William Henry Harrison, afoot and, with one companion, leading a packhorse, from whose burden the travelers received an augmentation of their diminishing supplies. Births and deaths marked the arrival of the immigrants, the first child born in the township being Benjamin Moore, son of Simeon and Roxanna Moore, who came to light in 1807. Ethan Palmer and Lo-