(RETURN TO THE TITLE PAGE) 500 - HISTORY OF CINCINNATI, OHIO. tees on finance, water works, and of other important interests represented by that body. He has been connected with the mercantile library for over twenty years. Fred Klimper, a native of Germany, born March 10, 1832, at Velssa and Vechta, grand duchy of Aldenburg. When three and one-half years old his father died and his mother moved to Lohne in 1839, emigrated to America, and came to Cincinnati in the fall of the same year, and settled at the northeast corner of Sixth and Sycamore streets. In 1840 his mother married Captain J. H. Puttmann, and for twenty years carried on the grocery business at 64 Sycamore street. Fred, the name by which he is generally known, received but a limited school education. In 1845 he started out in time to earn his bread at the printing business, first with A. Pugh, corner Fifth and Main street, from there to the Liberty Hall and Cincinnati Gazette, where he remained until 1847, when, tiring of the printing business, he engaged with A. & J. Wolf, No. 76 Main street, as stock-keeper in the clothing business. In February, 1851, he entered the employ of Messrs. Heidelback, Seasongood & Co., in the same capacity, and from stock-keeper advanced to salesman, and for a number of years represented said firm on the road. Remained with said firm until 1875, nearly a quarter of a century. In 1874 he opened a merchant tailoring store at the northwest corner of Main and Seventh streets. In 1877 he was elected a member of the Sixty-third general assembly, and has proved himself an industrious, sensible legislator. He is a peerless, constant old-line Democrat, and deserves the confidence of the people irrespective of party. In 1852 he married Miss Dora Kroger, by whom he had ten children, seven boys and three girls, of whom nine are living—six boys and three girls. Z. Getchell, of Cincinnati, is a native of Maine, born in the year 1832. He became an orphan when three years of age, and was thrown in a helpless condition upon a cold, unsympathizing world, receiving nothing except what he earned himself. This was true even to the wearing of his first pair of shoes. When eight years of age he formed two resolutions which he has carried out to the letter; the first was never to drink a drop of ardent spirits, the second was never to use tobacco in any form. He was the colaborer of Neal Dow, and helped to form the famous Maine liquor law. Before the war he went to New Orleans on his way to Europe, but sickness detained him, and he was made superintendent of the street railway of that city, but upon the breaking out of the Rebellion he was pressed into the service and required to build the famous New Orleans howitzers—a battery of six pieces of flying artillery. He had formerly superintended the manufacturing of cotton gins and presses for Chapman & Gunison, and being found a mechanic of no ordinary genius, was put to this work, but he constructed the batteries in such a manner as to render them inoperative. He was next pressed into the naval service, and was the assistant superintendent in the construction of the Great Louisiana, but again keeping his right hand from knowing what his left hand did, secretly tunnelled the sliding and bilge ways together and so detained the launching of the boat for twenty-one days. For this he was suspected, and the day he was to be hung Farragut entered the harbor. He again served the Union, being on the Louisiana. Commodore McIntosh ordered that the heavy sixty-four Parrot rifle changed in position so as to bring it to bear upon the Union forces. But all the guns then bearing on our forces were dismantled, first to make ready and the big gun changed, but not mounted for use, when Farragut let loose hail and shot, clearing the boat, the river, and captured the forts. Such is a brief outline of this remarkable man. James Hopple, 42 and 44 West Second street, wholesale grocer, was born in Cincinnati in 1815. His father was a tobacconist, having come from Philadelphia and located on lower Market street in 1805. His store, corner of Third and Main streets, was near a large apple orchard, which Mr. Hopple remembers well. James was raised in the store, received a good education, and afterwards completed a course in the Ohio Medical college, of Cincinnati, graduating about the year 1849. He practiced his profession some ten years, but lived on his farm in Clermont county nearly twenty years. He has always been prominently connected with the business interests of Cincinnati, he and his brother Richard having built the Spring Grove railroad in 186o; and he having also been connected with various positions of the fire department of the city. In 1837 he was married to Miss Julia L. Pease, who was raised by W. L. Clark, a large pork dealer of the city at that time. He is the father of three children, of whom one son, James C., is with him in the business. Julius Engelke, of Cincinnati, was the youngest of four brothers, and was born at Hartzberg, at the foot of Hartz mountains, Prussia, in Hanover, in the year 1839. His parents were wealthy and of the Protestant persuasion. His father died about the time he was born; and when nine years of age he was put in charge of an uncle, where he remained until fourteen years old. He then went to another uncle, who taught him the saddlery trade, and whom he served four years as an apprentice. When about twenty years of age, in 1854, he emigrated to America, following his brothers Fred and William, and worked at his trade. When the war broke out he served in the hundred-day service. In 1864 he began business for himself, in which he has been successful up to the present time. He has been a member of the Turners' association for twenty-five years, and its president several terms; has been an Odd Fellow for twenty years; has been eight years in the city council; has been president of several building associations; has been a member of Fire Company No. 2, on George street, using a hand engine from 1855 to 1858; and has worked in Chicago, Louisville, St. Louis and Cincinnati. John Straehly, the well-known dry goods merchant, at sot Vine street, came to Cincinnati with his parents from Germany, when but ten years of age. His father was poor and empty-handed, making it necessary for John to do for himself even during the tender years of his life. He secured work in a dry goods house, and for HISTORY OF CINCINNATI, OHIO - 501 seven years plied his apprenticeship, after which he opened up a store on Central avenue, and remained there from 1855 to 1861. He then removed to where he is at present located, since which time, owing to close application to business, having not lost a day from the store in seventeen years, he has succeeded in accumulating a small fortune. He has been honored with position in the city council, and is at present a member of the board of education of the Cincinnati schools. John W. Legner is a native of Europe, but in 1847, when about two and a half years old, his parents came to Cincinnati. Since 186o he has been on Central avenue, near Ninth, now over twenty-one years in one place. He is a strong Republican, and is a member of the city council, now serving out his second term. During the war he was a member of company B, Ohio cavalry, and was wounded December 16, 1864, at Nashville, Tennessee, while in the act of discharging his carbine. His wife, Miss Lydia Leonard, is a daughter of John Leonard, a wealthy retired merchant of Urbana, Ohio. Henry Schlotman, president of the board of equalization of Hamilton county, is a native of Germany; came to this country with an older brother and sister when but thirteen years of age, his parents having died when he was but three years of age. His career has been varied. For a time he followed the river, then became a manufacturer of the Venetian blinds, on Sixth and Vine. From 1863 to 1867 he served in the city council; in 1866 was elected sheriff of the county; in 1871 was nominated by the Republican party for the legislature, but the whole ticket was defeated. He then again became a manufacturer until 1878, when he was elected by the council as a member of the decennial board of equalization. H. Wiethoff, deputy State supervisor of oils, No. 26 East Second street, Cincinnati, was born in Prussia April 12, 1833. His parents both died when he was but twelve years of age, since which time and until eighteen years old, he worked upon different farms as helper, but at the end of this time he emigrated to this country, landing in Baltimore in 1851, and came to Cincinnati in 1852, and until the year 1856 worked as day laborer, assisting gaugers and helping in brick-yards, the former employment helping him in what seemed to be his life-work afterwards. He was first appointed assistant gauger under W. R. Taylor, and remained so until 1863, when he received the appointment as assistant gauger by the city council. In 1865 he was appointed United States gauger, and 1871 commercial gauger by the Cincinnati Chamber of Commerce, which position he now holds. In April, 1881, he was reelected a member of the city council, and in May, 1881, he received his commission as a deputy supervisor of oils, which lasts until 1883. F. W. Gerstle, of Cincinnati, was born in Flemlingen, Bavaria, Germany, in 1819. He received a good education, and then taught two years in Hainfield. His father died when he was but eleven years of age. His brother is a Catholic priest and has officiated in that capacity now over fifty years. He came to America in 1850, and travelled over the whole of the United States during a period of about six years with different circuses, the last of which was with Dan Rice. In 1847 he visited his fatherland, and again was there a few years ago. He is a member of the German Pioneer association, being one of two who started it. He has been its president, and has also served as its secretary for many years, and as a token of regard the society, in 1880, presented him an elegant gold watch in consideration for services rendered. Mr. Gerstle has been for fourteen years president of the Cincinnati Philharmonic society; three years its secretary and two years its treasurer. He has always taken an interest in that branch of study, having been a music teacher in Germany. In 1873 he was struck with paralysis, one whole side being seriously effected. In 1875 he began the livery business with his son, at 120 and 122 Court street. Hon. Joseph Siefert, of Cincinnati, was born December 11, 1810, in Waldburg, Germany. He attended the common schools until fourteen years of age, and then learned the trade of masonry and stone-cutting, which he followed for several years, when, in the military draft, he drew number five and was booked for six years, but, after serving three years in the service, he hired a substitute, which cost him a hundred American dollars, and in 1834 left home for America, landing at Baltimore, and travelling on foot via Wheeling, Virginia, and Portsmouth, Ohio, came to Cincinnati, where he began, in a half hour after his arrival, a vigorous use of the trowel, laying stone for Mr. Hickcock, from whom he received one dollar and seventy-five cents a day. At the end of six months he obtained a contract on his own account from Mr. William Doman, building agent of the United States bank. From this on he entered largely into this business, frequently employing from one hundred to one hundred and fifty hands. He built the Little Miami depot, the first large tank for the gas company, Lang-worth's nine cellars and a number of brewers' vaults. He was member of the Soldiers' Relief union, for the Tenth ward, and for eight years represented that ward in council. For seven years he was chairman of the sewerage committee, and headed the committee on the city infirmary for four years; was a director of Longview asylum for nine years; was captain of a company during Kirby Smith's raid, and has done much to relieve his ward from the draft. He has made two trips to Europe, the city council seeing him off with a band of music and was welcomed back by the Pioneer association in the same way, of which society he was an honored member. George Weber, of the firm of Weber Brothers, on Main near Ninth street, was born August 28, 1845. His parents came from Hanover, Germany, in 1826, and his father afterwards established the large factory now owned by Mr. Weber and his brother Martin. In 1876 Mr. Weber was put forth by the Republican party for county sheriff but defeated, and again in 1878, when he carried the county by a majority of two thousand votes, defeating the ex-mayor, W. E. Johnson, the opposing candidate. The party has received his services many times and in many ways in performing committee work, and 502 - HISTORY OF CINCINNATI, OHIO. especially during the Hayes campaign. He was married to Miss Hortye, of Cincinnati, December 14, 1867, and is pleasantly located in a nice residence on Eighth street. John Schneider, proprietor of mills and bakery 524-528 Walnut street, is a Bavarian by birth, coming to this city in 1854. He was educated in Germany, and served the allotted soldier period required by the laws of that country, after which time he went into the bakery business. In 1857 he started just opposite his present location, but changed over to the spacious buildings he now owns in 1865, since which time his business has increased to large proportions. He is patronized now by every State in the great south, and makes a specialty of rye flour and rye bread. During the war he took an active part in drilling companies for active service. He is a strong Republican and has served in the council chamber, but does not want nor care for office. He was married in 1857 to Miss Kate K. Shaeffer, a former schoolmate of his in Europe. Frank H. Talke, farrier, 1171 Vine street, was born in Prussia August 13, 1832. He was one of ten children and learned his trade under his father. He came to Cincinnati in 1853 and started a shop near the corner of Main street and the Old Hamilton road, afterwards at the corner of Linn and Hopkins streets, then at 58 Freeman street. In 1858 he entered the army of the west in the United States quartermaster's department, but returned to his old trade soon after on Vine street, No. 702, coming to 1171 of that street, where he is now comfortably situated in business, in 1865. His wife, Miss Dora Neunecke, of Germany, came to this country about the same time he did. They were married in the year 1856. Shaller & Gerke, now located at the corner of Canal and Plum streets, is a firm having had an existence of thirty years standing. The firm, Eagle brewery, employs a force of fifty men, who are all engaged in the manufacture of beer, its production being about fifty thousand barrels per annum. About three-fourths of this is sold as city trade, the rest being shipped to their customers in Ohio and Indiana. The premises upon which the brewery stands measure one hundred and fifty feet on Plum to two hundred and seventy-five feet on Canal street. Frederick Roos, of Cincinnati, was born in Witten-burg, Germany, in 1834. Came to Cleveland when eighteen years of age, and was head waiter for the Weddell House of that city for ten years, after which he came to Cincinnati and entered into business with Mr. Rebel, under the firm name of Roos & Rebel, on Vine street; but after a short time commenced operations for himself in the famous Atlantic garden, where he continued until his death which occurred September 25, 1880, having been proprietor of the last-named place for thirteen years. He was married in 1874 to Miss Haveria Hoch, who emigrated to America in 1866. John Remier, a native of Cincinnati, received his early education in the city schools, and at the breaking out of the late war went into the service as forage master, going first to Clarksburgh, Virginia. He was in General Rosecrans' headquarters, and with the army in the two great battles of Stone River and Chickamauga. He was afterwards in the one hundred day service, also in the Fifth Ohio cavalry when the army was disbanded. After returning to Cincinnati he began his present business, but did not move to his sample rooms on Fourth and Central avenue until the year. 1871. D. L. Billingheimer, proprietor of billiard hall 210212 Vine Street, was born in New York June 28, 1849. His parents were emigrants from Germany in 1834. In 1860 they removed to Cincinnati, where Mr. Billingheimer received his education, and taking a liking to billiard playing became engaged in that business. In 1868 he took lessons of Professor Deery, the champion player of America, and became a known billiardist throughout the country himself, having no equal for one of his age. After leaving the International billiard hall he took charge of the billiard hall of the St. James' hotel, working under H. P. Elias, where he remained three years, and after a short stay in Chicago returned to Cincinnati and opened a daily market on Central avenue, and began in the commission business, but was burned out, losing every dollar he owned. He next embarked in the billiard business, starting up where the coliseum now stands, with five tables; but after two years' stay removed where Frederick Hunt kept a hall, next to the Enquirer office, and opened up with eleven tables, and from there removed "over the Rhine," tore up the old Germania theatre, and established a hall having fifteen tables. He came here during the year 1879, having bought out the property that formerly belonged to Philip Tie-mans, where he is nicely located with a large paying custom. His hall is lighted by the Brush dynamo-electric machine, and gives a light equal in power to twelve thousand candles, and is said to be the only billiard hall in the United States lighted by this kind of machine. F. Vormohr, proprietor of a flourishing dye house on Woodward avenue, was born in October, 1843, in Germany. He came here about the year 1860, and, after working in a harness shop three or four years, started for himself in the dyeing business on Green street, afterwards moving to his present location, where he has been successfully engaged for some years. He married a Miss Anna Wessaler, formerly of Germany. George A. Hauck, of Cincinnati, was born in Hanover, Germany, in 1829, and when twenty-eight years of age —in 1865—came to this city, since which time he has built up for himself a successful business, operating first on Plum and Findlay streets, but finally opened up at No. 823 Central avenue, near Mohawk bridge, where he is at present manufacturing for beer brewers and wine merchants. He has been twice married; his present wife, Maggie Boller, came over in 1865. A. J. Gilligan, of No. 211 Vine street, is of Irish birth, being born near Sligo, in the province of Connaught, in 1844. In 1862 he left his parents, and his Eric home, and came to Cincinnati, where he has been ever since, in charge of rooms, as noted above. He has frequently been put to usefulness by the members of his party (Democratic), and has also held positions of trust. He has been treasurer, for some years, of the Sons of St. HISTORY OF CINCINNATI, OHIO - 503 Patrick, who have so long celebrated their patron saint on the seventeenth of March of each year at the Grand hotel, of this city. John Abbihl, of Cincinnati, was born in Switzerland, but in 1860 came with his parents to this city, having lived first, however, on a farm near Cleveland. When nineteen years of age he had charge of the bar at the Gibson House, and afterwards the one at Walnut Street House. In 1862 he went south, but, on account of sickness, in 1863, returned to his adopted city, and to a place where the good people of his acquaintance frequently honored him with positions of trust, having been coun¬cilman six years (Republican), and offered him the office for the fourth term, but this he refused. He has been treasurer of the Swiss Benevolent society ten years, and for sixteen years a member of the Odd Fellows society. He is a genial, warm-hearted person, having an open hand and purse for those in need of sympathy and help. In 1868 he opened a restaurant at No. 82 Vine street, where he may be found now. Charles Doll, of Cincinnati, member of the city council, is a native of this place, and is in the transfer business, No. 285 Sycamore street. In 1864 he was married to Miss Mary McGorem, of Cincinnati. William Reedlin, of Cincinnati, proprietor of concert and ball rooms, No. 469 Vine street, was born in Baden, Germany, November 20, 1850. His father was a blacksmith, which trade William learned and worked at after coming to Cincinnati, until 1877, when he gave up the farrier trade for the proprietorship of his rooms on Vine street. He was married August 2, 1877, to Emma Hoffmann, late of Germany. The members of Currier's famous band in Cincinnati, are as follows: Peter Bohl, cello (National theatre), April 14, 1871; George Wolf, bass drum, August 12, 1871; H. Schath, B clarionet, May t, 1872; C. Schroeder, B clarionet, August 18, 1874; C. Esberger, piccolo, April 3o, 1876; A. Peters, cymbals, June to, 1876; M. Esberger, alto, November 9, 1877; George Loehman, piccolo, October 3, 1877; A. C. Geiger, drum, October 3, 1877; C. Weiss, trombone, October 10, 1877; H. Burch, clarionet, September 7, 1879; C. Reinhart, clarionet, September 7, 1879; H. Seivers, tuba, November 24, 1879; C. Wild, tuba, October 11, 1879; W. Peters, clarionet, March 18, 1880; A. Peters, cymbals, July 1, 1878; R. Menge trombone, August 15, 1880; 0. Koenke, cornet, September 25, 188o; George Schath, tenor horn, May 25, 1872; F. Storch, cello, March 7, 1871; F. Wiedeman, tuba, June 27, 1871; W. Heckle, flute, June 2, 1871; C. Kopp, violin, March 29,1871; B. Kruger, cornet, March 29, 1871; W. Zench, clarionet, January 18, 1872; G. Klnesner, tenor horn, April 20, 1871; R. Kuhn, tenor horn, May 13, 1872; A. Stengler, clarionet, December 9, 1878. Edgar Rogassi Kutzleb in 1871; L. Ballenberg's last engagement with Mr. Currier was April 14, 1871. Henry Wielert a native of Hanover, Germany, born 1836, came here with his parents when fifteen years of age; learned the tinner's trade --and continued with his father on Court street, until in 1862, when he entered the service as second lieutenant of the Sixth Ohio volun teer infantry. He was wounded at Hartsville, Tennessee, in consequence of which he was discharged from service. After returning home he continued his former trade until in 1865, when he established himself at 514 Vine street, where he has been ever since. Charles S. Smith, manager of the Vine Street opera house and the coliseum, Cincinnati, Ohio, is a native of Kentucky. He received a good common school education, and afterwards partly completed a collegiate course of study in St. Louis. About the year 1855, he went into the theatre business. He travelled first with the Bateman children, taking them, as their manager, all through Europe and Australia. He was also in the dramatic agency for some years, and learned, during that time, much pertaining to the profession. He has frequently organized prominent combinations; has manged different houses, and taken charge of leading troupes; is well known in New York and all larger cities where he has spent much time in his business. He is now manager of the two houses mentioned above. His wife and two children are dead, and this leaves him without any relation in the country. Mr. Joseph Rasch was born in Ehrenbreitstein, on the Rhine in 1841. After travelling over Europe for some time he went to sea and followed the seafaring life for several years He came to this country in 1868. He first settled in New York city, being interested in a cigar factory. He lived there for three years. Thence he went to Chicago and engaged in the same business. He lost everything by the great fire in 1871. After that he went to St. Paul, Minnesota, and again started in the same business. After a year and a half he started in business in St. Louis, where he remained for four years. Thence he came to Cincinnati, where he is now engaged in business. Mr. F. A. Greyer, one of the prominent clothing merchants of the city, was born in the duchy of Oldenburg in 1826. He emigrated to this country in 1844, and, landing at New Orleans, came immediately to Cincinnati. For six years he was employed on a steamer between Cincinnati and New Orleans. In 1850 he started with a friend in the tailoring business. After ten years he formed a partnership with several gentlemen and started in the wholesale cloth business, in which he is still engaged. Mr. Greyer is quite a prominent man, especially among the Germans. He has been president of the German Pioneer association ever since 1860. W. B. Dennis, of 146 Plum street, is son of Charles Dennis, who settled in June, 1812, in Williamsburgh township. He was born in New Jersey in 178o, and emigrated from that State to Ohio. He died at Williamsburgh in 1825. He was a constable in new Jersey, but held no office here. Lived quietly upon his farm and entertained travellers. His wife's maiden name was Lucy Briggs. She was born in 1776, and died in 1878. Their children were, Warden B.; John, Charles, Louisa, Wealthy, Abby and Mary. W. B., the subject of this sketch, was born in Gloucester county, New York, in the year 1808; removed to Ohio with his parents in 1812; moved to the city of Cincinnati in 1825. He followed the busi- 504 - HISTORY OF CINCINNATI, OHIO. ness of a mason for thirty years, and after gaining a competency quit that business for the more genial business of real estate broker, which he has followed in the same office since 1849, to the credit and competence of himself and respect of his neighbors. Mr. Dennis married Leddie Bunker Folker, of Nantucket, Massachusetts, November 28, 1828. E. F. Kleinschmidt was born in the kingdom of Hanover, and emigrated to Ohio from New York in 1839. His wife was Mary Glindkamp. He has two brothers living. Mr. Kleinschmidt began the business of dry goods and clothing dealer when he first came here, in 1839, and followed it until about the year 1855, when he closed out on account of ill health, and was out of business till 186r, when he received the appointment of revenue assessor. He remained in that position till 1868, then associated himself in the distilling business with Mr. John Gerke, and was in that line with him and other parties for several years, when he retired from business. He was chosen township trustee in 1852, and served in that capacity much of the time till his part of the town was incorporated in the city of Cincinnati. In 1870 he also served as justice of the peace a part of the time. He was a member of the house of representatives in 1870, and a member of the senate in 1876-7. A. C. Webb, M. D., is a grandson of John Webb, who came to Cincinnati in 1789. The elder Webb was horn in Monmouth county, New Jersey, in 1784, and emigrated from New Jersey to Ohio. He died in this county, of which he was a leading farmer. His wife's maiden name was Hannah Frost. The surviving members of the family and their places of residence are: Sidney Webb, Hamilton county; and L. A. Webb. Ferdinand Webb, father of A. C. Webb, was born in 1807. He married Harriet Durham. They have three children living: A. C., Fred., and Hattie, all living in Hamilton county. A. C. Webb was born near Newtown, Ohio, in 1847, was graduated at the Ohio Medical college, in the class of 1871, since which time he has been practicing in Cincinnati. Fred. Webb was born near Newtown in 1854. In 1876 he established the drug business at 167 Eastern avenue. John Zumstein, a prominent county commissioner, is a son of Peter Zumstein, who settled here in 1850, and became a safe builder. The elder Zumstein was born in Bavaria, and emigrated to Ohio from Philadelphia, Pennsylvania. He died here in September, 1880. Mr. Zumstein has five brothers and two sisters, all living in Cincinnati. Valentine Borman settled in Cincinnati in 1856. He was born in Germany in 1831, and came thence to Ohio. In 1865 he became identified with the saloon business at 206 Vine street. He is well known and respected by a large circle of friends. John Mondary came to Cincinnati in 1847. He is a native of Bavaria. He followed the vocation of tailoring until 1862, since which time he has been identified with the saloon business. Commencing in the Fourteenth ward, he changed to the eighteenth. His present place is 212 West Sixth street. He- was one of the leading Democrats in his ward. His word is known to be as good as his bond. John H. Flege, grocer, was born in Oldenburg, Germany, November 20, 1821. Came to the United States, and landed in Baltimore, in 1842, then direct to Cincinnati, arriving here in October of the same year. Coming here poor, he went to work at day's labor, carrying lumber and working in the pork houses. He then was porter in Babbitt, Good & Co.'s establishment for twenty-six years. Here he managed to save a little money. He purchased a farm in Kentucky, where he remained until 1872, when he returned to Cincinnati, soon after entering his present business. Mr. Flege was married in Cincinnati in 1851, to Miss Margaret Meyer, of Germany, having come to Cincinnati as early as 1848. By this marriage they have four children living. William Edward Brachmann, of the well-known firm of Brachmnan & Massard, liquor dealers, was born October 21, 1837, in Frankfort on the Oder. When he was three years of age his family came to America. They settled in Cincinnati, but, after William had been in school for several years, they moved to a farm in Highland county. In 186r, at the outbreak of the war, Mr. Brachmann enlisted in the Forty-seventh Ohio regiment. He advanced step by step until he became captain, which office he held when he left the army in 1865. He was wounded in the siege of Vicksburgh. After the war he took up his abode in Cincinnati. He entered into partnership with Mr. Charles Glassner in the wine and liquor trade at 168 Elm street. After twenty months he entered into partnership with J. P. Massard at 79 and 81 West Third in the same business. This firm have a very wide reputation. Mr. Brachmann is one of the five owners of the Cincinnati, Georgetown & Portsmouth railroad, of which he is treasurer. He married Miss Georgia Robb, of Highland county. They have two daughters and one son. John Samuel Massard was born near Vevay, Canton of Vaud, Switzerland, May 14, 1794, came to America in 1817, and died in Cincinnati April ro, 1836. His wife, born Marianne Cler, also a native of the Canton of Vaud, is still living. John Peter, their son, was born October 12, 1828, became a baker and then a saddle and harness maker, and in 1854 settled in this city as a druggist in partnership with his brother. He was married April 16, 1857, to Miss Mary Jane, only daughter of Hiram Fraser. In the fall of 1858 he went into the steamboat business And in 1863 into the wholesale liquor trade with Henry and William Brachmann. Five years afterwards he drew out of this firm and started anew in the same business, with W. E. Brachmann. His wife died May 20, 1875, without issue, and, on the thirteenth of November, 1877 he married Miss Nettie Skinner, of Lebanon. He now resides on Price's Hill. R. E. J. Miles, manager of the Grand opera house, Cincinnati, was born in Culpeper, Courthouse September 19, 1834. At the age of seventeen he became principal of the first free school established in Covington, Kentucky, and held that position for three years and during that time contracted a liking for stage life and made his HISTORY OF CINCINNATI, OHIO - 505 first appearance as "Alonza" in Rollo, or the death of "Pizzarro. " In 185.5 he organized a troupe for the rendition of Uncle Tom's Cabin, and after meeting with grand success from this tour in 1857, adopted the stage as his profession. In 1862 he opened an engagement with the owner of the celebrated horse " Minnehaha" and afterwards played star engagements in all the chief cities of the country. In Albany, New York, he first bought out the Menken as Mazeppa. He was one year superintendent of oil works in Vanceburgh, Kentucky, but in 1868 he purchased a lease of the National theatre in Cincinnati. In 1873 he determined to engage in the circus business, and opened Robinson's new opera house, and in the ensuing year opened the New Grand opera house of which he is now lessee and manager. He was married in 1860, to Emily L. Dow, exmember of the Cooper opera troupe. His career has been a checkered one, but in the main very. successful. William Eberhart, retired gardener near Winton Place, was born in Germany February 1, 1824, came to the United States and landed in Philadelphia in 1844, thence to Cincinnati. Arriving here in October of the same year, he began work as a laborer. He soon after entered a stove foundry, where he worked for some seven years. In 1851 he began his gardening business which he continued up to 1877, since which time he has retired. Mr. Eberhart was married in 1848, to Miss Minnie Deck of Germany. She came to Cincinnati in 1847. They have four children. Mr. Eberhart is a member of the German Protestant church. C. Keller, retired, Cumminsville, was born in Bavaria, Germany, October 7, 1822. He came to America and landed in New York in 1845, thence to Columbus, Ohio, working at the baker trade. In December, 1847, he came to Cincinnati, remaining but a short time; he then went to Louisville and other points south. In 1848 he enlisted in the Government service for the Mexican war. He went to Mexico, where he was taken sick, and suffered very much. He then returned to Cincinnati, then to Columbus and in 1849 returned to Cincinnati and the same year located at Cumminsville, where he started in the bakery business in a frame building, near where Keller's hotel is located. In 1859 he erected Keller's hotel and carried on business there very successfully. Mr. Keller has taken an active part in the improvements of Cumminsville. He has represented the city in council. He was married to Miss Anna Ritz, of Germany, by whom he has had five children, all living. F. J. Schabell, gardener, Cumminsville, was born in Strausburg, France, August 23, 1822; came to the United States and landed in New Orleans June 7, 1845, thence to St. Louis, Missouri, and July 20, 1846, came to Cincinnati, Ohio, which has been his home ever since. Here he began to work as a laborer, working by the day. In 1852 he began the gardening business for himself, which business he has continued ever since. He is now one of the oldest•gardeners. In 1852 he married Miss Catharine Schultz, of Germany. She came to Cincinnati in 1848. They have five children living. They are members of the Catholic church. Mr. Schabell, by hard 64 work and good management, owns seven acres of fine land. Andrew Seifert, dairyman, Cumminsville, was born in Germany May 31, 1835. He came to the United States and landed in New York in 1852, thence to Cleveland, Ohio, and in 1854 to Cincinnati, where he worked in a cooper-shop; he was also engaged in other business. In about 1866 he entered the dairy business on a small scale, since which his business has grown very large and profitable. He is also engaged in manufacturing cheese, which work is principally performed by his wife, who is quite a genius. She has invented and put up a steam churn, which is the only one of the kind in America. Mr. Seifert was married in Cincinnati, to Miss Catharine Kautz of Germany. They have seven children. Charles Gering, Cumminsville, was born in Prussia, Germany, December 30, 1825. He came to the United States and landed in New York in 1853, thence to Philadelphia, and July 28, 1854, came to Cincinnati. In 1861 Mr. Gering enlisted in the Fourth Ohio cavalry, company E, where he served three years and four months in the late civil war, participating in a number of battles and marches. He was honorably mustered out, when he returned to Cumminsville, where he has been one of its honored citizens ever since. Mr. Gering was a watchman at Spring Grove for some three years. He was married in Germany to Miss Fredericka Clayburg, and when she died, he was remarried to his present wife, Miss Sophia Straus, in Cincinnati. J. M. Schmid, contractor and builder, Camp Washington, was born in Würtenburg, Germany, November 20, 1845. He came to the United States in 1865, locating in Cincinnati. In 1867 he came to Camp Washington, since which time he has been very prominent in building up the place. He began business for himself some two years ago, since which time he has erected a number of large buildings. He employs as high as seven men, and is recognized as one of the leading contractors and builders in Camp Washington. Henry Lehmann, contractor and builder, Camp Washington, was born in Hanover, Germany, in 1836. He came to America, landing in New Orleans, in 1859. He came to Cincinnati in May, 186o. Here he began his trade as a carpenter, which business he has continued ever since. He has been in the contracting business for himself for the last thirteen years, during which time he has put up most of the leading business blocks and private residences of Camp Washington. He employs a number of first-class workmen, and to-day is the oldest as well as one of the leading contractors in the vicinity. Charles F. Brenner, butcher; Camp Washington, was born in Germany, December 25, 1826. He came to America, landing in New York, and in 1849 located in Cincinnati, which has been his home ever since. Here he began butchering, working by the day at ten dollars per month. In 1853 he moved to Camp Washington, and to-day is one the oldest as well as one of the most successful butchers of Camp Washington. Mr. Brenner was married in Cincinnati to Mrs. Louisa Hust, by whom he has nine children. 506 - HISTORY OF CINCINNATI, OHIO. J. Lang, Cincinnati, was born in Baden, Germany, in 1816. He came to America and landed in New York city in 1840, from thence he came to Cincinnati. Here he began to work at his trade as a baker, which he had learned in Germany. After following his trade for a number of years Mr. Lang entered his present business, which he has carried on ever since. He was married in Cincinnati to Miss Catharine Ammann. Her parents were early settlers of Hamilton county. Mrs. Mary E. Graybehl, Cincinnati, is the wife of the late John Graybehl, who was born in Germany, March 9, 1818. He came to the United States and landed in New Orleans in 1840. Thence he went direct to Cincinnati. Arriving here very poor he went to work as a laborer, working by the day. He soon after entered the butcher business which he carried on very successfully. He was married, February 28, 1843, to Mary E. Dorn_ berger, a native of Germany. She came to Cincinnati at an early day. With the assistance of his wife Mr. Graybehl accumulated a good property, which was the fruit of their industry and good management. He was a man liked by everyone for his honesty and truthfulness. He died, respected and honored, August 30, 1880, leaving a wife and two children to mourn his loss. John S. Baldwin, superintendent of the Wesleyan cemetery, Cumminsville, was born in Elizabethtown, New Jersey, April 14, 1822. In 1833 he came to Cincinnati, and here worked at his trade as a carpenter. In 1847 he took charge of the Court Street cemetery, where he remained for some ten years. In 1857 he took charge of Wesleyan cemetery, where he has faithfully remained ever since. Mr. Baldwin is to-day one of the oldest sextons and cemetery superintendents in the State of Ohio. The Wesleyan cemetery by his management, is to-day one of the neatest and well-kept cemeteries around Cincinnati. Joseph Reis, foreman Henry Deman's rope manufactory, Cumminsville, was born in Germany, November 22, 1838; came to the United States, and landed in New Orleans in 1846, and the same year came to Cincinnati. At about fourteen years of age he began to learn his trade of rope maker. This business Mr. Reis has followed, principally, ever since. He has been in the present employ for the last eleven years, and the foreman of the factory for the last nine years. He is one of the best posted men in this line of business around Cincinnati. Mrs. Mary Enderlee, dairy., Cumminsville, is the widow of the late John Enderlee, who was born in Wedenburg, Germany. He came to the. United States in 1850, set-ling in Cincinnati. He engaged in steamboating on the Ohio river for several years, and also worked in a pork house in Cincinnati. In about 1860 he began the dairy business, in a small way, on Liberty street, and then moved to Finley street, Lick run. In 1866 he moved to the present homestead, and here, by his honesty and fair-dealing he worked up a good, large, profitable dairy business. He died, respected and honored, December 28, 1871, of heart disease, at fifty-three years of age, leaving his wife and eight children to mourn his loss. The dairy business is carried on by the family. They have thirty- eight cows. The children's names are John, William, Louis, Sophia, Mary, Frederick, Caroline, and Treasea. John Pahls, merchant, Cincinnati, was born in Bavaria, Germany, November 5, 1807, and came to America in 1837, landing in New York city, where he remained until 1838, when he came to Cincinnati, which has been his home ever since. Here he began to work in the Broadway House as porter and waiter, where he remained six years, when he entered business for himself at his present location, and is now the oldest merchant in the vicinity. Mr. Pahls was married in Cincinnati, in 1840, to Miss Annie M. Friend, of Germany. They have three children living. Mrs. Pahls died of paralysis in 1879, at the age of seventy years and five months. John Bailie, merchant, Cincinnati, was born near Belfast, Ireland, September 4, 1803, and came to America with his parents, landing in Boston about 1816. There he learned the baker's trade. In 1829 he came to Cincinnati and began to work at his trade. In 1835 he began business for himself, in the rear of his present location. Here he gradually improved in business until now he is one of the oldest, as well as one of the most successful bakers of Cincinnati. George Schneider, proprietor of Schneider hotel, Cincinnati, was born in Bavaria, Germany, January 23, 1828, and came to the United States, landing in New Orleans in 1845, remaining in that vicinity until 1847, when he came to Cincinnati. Here he worked as a laborer, then at steamboating on the Ohio and Mississippi rivers, and as a baker for some nine years. He worked in a boat store in Cincinnati about two and a half years, when he engaged in the saloon business on Front street, then on Broadway. In 1877 he remodelled his present hotel. He was married in 1854 to Miss Lena Wintercon. She died, and he married his present wife, Caroline Richter, in 1871. Frank Rauth, of Cincinnati, retired from business, was born in the kingdom of Bavaria, Germany, January 5, 1811; came to the United States and landed in New York city, April 28, 1832, and commenced farming in Herkimer county. He the went to Herkimer city, and learned the shoemaker's trade, going thence to Columbus, Ohio, then to Springfield, and in the fall of 1835 came to Cincinnati. He worked at his trade until 1836, when he married, and began to attend bar for Joseph Darr. In 1837 he entered business for himself on the corner of Front and Lawrence streets, continuing until 1881, when he retired from business, after a very successful career. G. H. Rechtin, merchant, of Cincinnati, was born in the province of Hanover, Germany, June 15, 1816; he came to the United States and landed in New York city June 15, 1837. He went to Cleveland and then to Cincinnati, the same year, where he worked as a laborer. In 1842 he entered the grocery business as a clerk. In 1847 he went into the grocery business for himself, on the corner of Central avenue and Ninth street. He was in the mercantile business one year in Evansville, then returned to Cincinnati and entered business near his present stand. In 1857 he moved to his present store, where he has remained ever since. He married in Cin- HISTORY OF CINCINNATI, OHIO - 507 cinnati Miss Barbara Hubber, of Germany, by whom he has ten children. Mrs. Mary C. Miller, who has a grocery at Corryville, was born in Germany and with her parents came to the United States in 1838, first settling in Pittsburgh, coming from there to Cincinnati. Here Mrs. Miller's mother died and soon after, in 1849, her father died. Mrs. Miller married the late Andrew Miller, who was one of the old pioneers. He died respected and honored in 1866, leaving wife and children to mourn his loss. Mrs. Miller has been engaged in the grocery business in Corryville for the last sixteen years; consequently is one of the oldest settlers of this place. Charles Koheler, retired merchant, of Cincinnati, was born in Byron, Germany, January 28, r812. After learning his trade as a shoemaker, he in 1836 came to America and landed in Baltimore. He then visited several large cities and in May, 1837, came to Cincinnati, where he remained a short time, then worked a few months on the Whitewater canal in Indiana. Soon after he began work at his trade, and in 1845 opened a boot and shoe store on Main street, between Fourth and Fifth, which he carried on very successfully until he retired from business in 1875. February 23, 1841, he married Miss Mary Ann Keesler, who came to the city in 1836. They have six children living. Joseph Darr, of Cincinnati, was born in Wetzler, near Frankfort, Germany, April 27, 1799, and is the son of Michael Darr. Our subject sailed from Amsterdam for America, and after a voyage of seventy-eight days landed in Philadelphia in November, 1819. He then went to Pittsburgh, and embarked on a flat-boat down the Ohio river, going with a family to Cape Girardeau, Missouri, then going to New Orleans. He afterward made twenty-four voyages down the Mississippi river to that port from St. Louis and Cincinnati, trading in produce. In 1828 Mr. Darr began business in Cincinnati, opening a restaurant on Front street, which he continued for some ten years. He then moved to a farm of three hundred and twenty-two acres near Carthage. September 3o, 1828, he married Theresa Walliser, of Elser, France, who came to Cincinnati in 1828. Mrs. Mary Grommelmann, Cincinnati, is the wife of the late Frank Grommelmann, who was born in Hanover, Germany, November 9, 1816. He married Mary Stork, of Hanover, Germany. They, with one child, in 1847, came to America and landed in Baltimore, thence came direct to Cincinnati. Here he began to work as a laborer, but soon after obtained work in a foundry where he managed to save a little money and entered the grocery business, which he followed for some twenty years. He was a sufferer from a stroke of paralysis for some seven years, from which he died June II, 1880, respected and honored, leaving a wife and four' children. Mr. Grommelmann was a member of Cincinnati Holy Trinity church, being at one time one of its trustees. K. Dickmann, expressman, Cincinnati, was born in Germany April 15, 1838. He came to. Cincinnati about 1865 and went to work on a farm, and soon after driving a dray. Being very industrious he saved money, and with a capital of one hundred and forty dollars he started his present business, with one wagon. He worked hard, and by good management his business has gradually increased, and he now owns nine large moving cars and seventeen fine horses. He employs twelve men and is, perhaps, one of the largest as well as one of the safest movers of furniture, etc., around Cincinnati. W. Helmholz, cooper-shop, Cincinnati, was born in Germany, where he learned his trade as a cooper. In 1859 he came to America and landed in New York, coming direct to Cincinnati. Here he has been engaged in the cooper business ever since, with the exception of the time he was in the late civil war. He enlisted in company C, Twenty-ninth Ohio volunteer infantry, and after serving his time he was honorably mustered out, when he returned to Cincinnati. He is now employing three hands and manufacturing first-class work. Otto Mildner, proprietor of the Miami calico print works, was born in Germany, learning the art of calico printing under his father, whose family dates back over two hundred years in the calico printing business. Our subject came to Cincinnati in 1863; without any capital he went to work, and by hand made a bolt of calico. He has been very industrious and is now doing a thriving business, and ere long will occupy his large works to be erected in Cumminsville. Mr. Mildner has imported a calico printing machine from Berlin, the only one of the kind in America. By this machine he has a capacity for manufacturing fifteen hundred yards per day. He employs six hands and has the capacity to manufacture over six hundred stiles of calico. J. C. Spills, professor of music, Cincinnati, was born in Hanover, Germany, June 24, 1815, and came to the United States and landed at Baltimore in 1839, thence to Cincinnati, arriving here January, 1840. Here he gave instruction in music and dancing, introducing the waxed floor, the first in Cincinnati. His dancing-schools were attended very largely. Professor Spills has played in the orchestras of some of the old theatres of Cincinnati—Woods, National, Shyers. The professor has given instruction in dancing in the more prominent halls of Cincinnati. His success has been very good, and to-day he is the oldest as well as the most successful dancing-school teacher in Cincinnati. Henry Alexander, jr., butcher, of Camp Washington, was born in Cincinnati in 1849, and is the son of Henry Alexander, one of the oldest butchers of Cincinnati. In 1876 our subject commenced the butcher business for himself in Camp Washington, and has built up a good business. He married Miss Mary Wulfhorst, a native of Cincinnati. B. Miller, saloon-keeper, of Cincinnati, was born in Prussia, Oldenburg, Germany, March 3, 1825. He .came to the United States, landing in New Orleans in 1844, and came to Cincinnati in December of the same year. Here he began work at his trade, blacksmithing, but after continuing several years he entered his present business. J. Anton Lange, dealer in boots and shoes, Cincinnati, was born in Prussia, December 25, 1825. After 508 - HISTORY OF CINCINNATI, OHIO. learning the shoemaker's trade, he came to America, landing in Baltimore in 184o. July loth of the same year he arrived in Cincinnati, and began work at his trade, which he has followed ever since. He has been located in his present place of business since July 10, 1848. In 1848 Mr. Lange married Miss Agnes Ralphsen, of Germany, and has six children. Mr. Lange is one of the charter members of the German Pioneer society. William Kraft, butcher, at Camp Washington, was born in Germany September 12, 183o, and coming to the United States, landed in New York in 1847. He began work on a railroad, then went into the butcher business in Pittsburgh. Soon after, he came to Cincinnati, and about 1854 located in Camp Washington, where he has been engaged in the butcher business ever since. Coming to the city in poor circumstances, Mr. Kraft, by hard work and attention to business, has been very successfnl. In 1852 he married Catharine Schueler, and they have had ten children. Mr. Kraft has been a member of the school board for some nine years. John Eger, of Cumminsville, was born in Prussia, Germany, April 7, 1846, and coming to the United States, landed in New York city in 1868. After spending two years in Louisville, Kentucky, he came to Cincinnati, and entered the wagon-shops of Peter Ludwig, where he is now engaged. Mr. Eger is also engaged in the saloon business, being the owner of a nice, quiet place. He married Miss Josephine Grainer, daughter of one of the old pioneers of Cincinnati. William Ahlborn, boots and shoes, Cincinnati, was born in Hanover, Germany, February 16, 1818. At the age of eighteen he began to learn his trade as a shoemaker. In 1838 he sailed for America and landed in Baltimore. He then went to Columbus, Ohio, worked at his trade a short time. In 1839 he came to Cincinnati, and has been working at the shoe business ever since; now one of the old pioneer shoemakers of the city. In 1849 he began business in his present place, where he has, remained since. In 1841 Mr. Ahlborn married Miss Catharine Dobbler; she died. He then married his present wife, Miss Louisa Walschmiat. He has eight children—two by his first and six children by his present wife. Peter Bohl, shoemaker, Cincinnati, was born in Rhine Bavaria, Germany, February 25, 1809. After learning his trade as a shoemaker, he, in 1833, came to America, and landed in New Orleans, thence to Cincinnati, arriving there July 7, 1833. Here he began to work at his trade, which he has continued ever since. In 1858 Mr. Bohl began to keep a hotel, which he continued up to 187o, when he returned to his old trade, shoemaking, and is to-day one of the oldest shoemakers in active. business in Cincinnati. He married in Cincinnati, April 7, 1838, Miss Barbara Conrad, of Germany, by whom he has eleven children. Louis Havekotte, wagon manufacturer, Cincinnati, was born in Franklin county, Indiana, 1842. At eighteen years of age he began to learn his trade as a blacksmith. He came to Hamilton county, working in Cincinnati. He was a soldier in the late civil war, enlisting in company C, One Hundred and Thirty-ninth Ohio volunteer infantry, Where he served his full time, and was honorably mustered out. He returned to his trade in Cincinnati and established business for himself in 1866 on Elm street. In 1875 he began at his present stand, and to-day is doing one of the largest businesses in his line in the city, manufacturing a greater portion of the milk wagons of Cincinnati, employing twenty-one hands. The firm is now Havekotte & Bode. George J. Schwab, saloon-keeper, Cincinnati, was born in Baden, Germany, October 18, 1829. He came to America and landed in New York city. He located in Cincinnati in 1858. Mr. Schwab was for a time a resident. of Portsmouth. He began at his present place of business, located on Court street, some two years ago, since which time he has been meeting with good success. He married in Cincinnati Miss Agath Sahm. Valentine Gradolf, butcher, Camp Washington, was born in Germany February 20, 1839, and came to the United States and landed in New Orleans in 1861, coming direct to Cincinnati. Here he began to work at the butcher business. In 1865 he embarked in business for himself, and is now one of the old and successful butchers of Camp Washington. Mr. Gradolf married in Cincinnati Martha Bauhsanaert. George Renner, malt house, Cincinnati, was born in Germany, April 15, 1824. He came to America and landed in New York city in 1852, then to Pennsyl vania, where he remained but a short time, when, in October, 1852, he arrived in Cincinnati. He is now engaged in the malt business, and is meeting with very good success, handling a large lot of malt yearly. He was married in Cincinnati to Miss P. Himler, of Germany. They have one child. John Bouvy, boots and shoes, Cumminsville, was born in Loraine, Germany, in 1832, and came to America and landed in New York, thence to Cincinnati in 1833. Here he began to work at his trade as a shoemaker, which trade he learned in his native country. M. Bouvy is one of the oldest shoemakers of Cumminsville. Since lacating here he has been very successful. He erected his present store in 1866. He has represented Cumminsville in the council for one term very satisfactorily. Gottfried Hegner, Cincinnati, was born in Bavaria, Germany, May 5, 1825. Came to America and landed in Baltimore, then direct to Cincinnati, in 1846. Learning his trade as a wheelwright in Germany, he, after arriving in Cincinnati, worked at his trade in different places. He also operated a mill at Palestine, Ohio, for a number of years. His milling business in Cincinnati has been very successful. He is now one of the oldest millers of Cincinnati. He was married in Cincinnati to Miss Barbara Heiselmann, of Germany. They have two children living. Barbara Kubisch, Cumminsville. She was born in Baden, Germany, August 18, 1823, and came to America landing in Philadelphia in 1853, then to Baltimore, from there to Cincinnati, February 22, 1854. She was HISTORY OF CINCINNATI, OHIO - 509 married in 1854, to William Muhlig, of Baden, Germany; he came to Cincinnati at an early day. He enlisted in company F, Thirty-second Ohio volunteer infantry, and was killed by a shell at the battle of Chickamauga; September 19, 1863. Mrs. Kubisch married for her second husband Frank Kubisch, who was a prominent citizen of Cumminsville. He, returning from a meeting of the school-board, the night being dark, he fell into a pond of water, and before assistance came was drowned. She has three children, two by her first husband and one by her second. Theresa Wichman, was born in Cincinnati, Ohio, December 6, 1861. Herman Giesken, merchant, Cumminsville, was born in Hanover, Germany, in 182o. He came to America and landed in New Orleans in 1847, and in 1848 came to Cincinnati. Since his arrival here Mr. Giesken has been engaged in several branches of business. He has been in the dairy, cattle dealing, and grocery business, respectively, which he has followed for a number of years. In 1870 he returned to the grocery business, which he has continued since. Mr. Giesken has made a visit to his native country, where he remained for several months. He was married in Cincinnati to Miss Theresa Neamiller. They have five children. Leonhard Graf, Cumminsville, was born in Baden, Germany, October 9, 1831. He came to America and landed in New York in 1860, thence direct to Cincinnati. Here in 1862 he enlisted in the One Hundred and Eighth Ohio volunteer infantry, company C, as a private, where he served faithfully until the close of the war; participating in the battles and marches of his regiment, receiving three flesh wounds at the battle of Resaca. He was for seventeen months color-bearer. At the close of the war Mr. Graf returned to Cincinnati. In 1867 he commenced business in Cumminsville, where, in 1879, he lost his house by fire. He immediately rebuilt, and today he owns a very fine property and is doing a good business. He was married in Cincinnati to Miss Barbara Hermann. William Staddon, tailor, Cumminsville, was born in England about 1811. He came to America and landed in New York in 1837; he then went to New Orleans and from there to Cincinnati in 1838. Here he commenced to work at his trade (tailor), which he had learnt in England. Being a very fine workman he had no trouble in finding work, and was soon recognized as one of the best tailors in Cincinnati. In 1839 Mr. Staddon moved to Cumminsville, which has been his home ever since. He is one of the oldest and most highly respected citizens of the place. He was married in England to Miss Manning, who accompanied him to Cincinnati. They reared an adopted son—Charles W. Manning. Frederick Dhonan, wagon manufacturer, Cumminsville, was born in Prussia, Germany, January 12, 1828, and came to the United States and landed in New Orleans, and form thence came direct to Cincinnati, arriving here May 5, 1849, with but two dollars. He went to work at his trade—wagon-maker--and being very industrious he managed to save enough money so that in 1852 he began in the blacksmith and wagon manufacturing for himself in Cumminsville. Here he has been steady at work ever since, and to-day is one of the oldest as well as one of the most suecessful business men of the place. Mr. Dhonan was married in 1852, in Cumminsville, to Miss Caroline Icerman, of Germany, by whom he has eight children. Mr. Dhonan is a member of the German Protestant church, of which he has been the treasurer for some nine years. Anton Kasselmann, dairyman, Cumminsville, was born in Germany in 1835. He came to America, landed in Baltimore and came direct to Cincinnati, arriving here in 1850. Here he learnt his trade as a stove-moulder in one of the large foundries, which business he followed for some eleven years. He managed to save a little money, and in 1863 he moved to Cumminsville and began his dairy business, with a small capital. Since then Mr. Kasselmann, by his good management, has been very successful, now owning a good property and a large dairy stock. He was married in 1857 to Miss Anna Hunighake, of Germany, by whom he has eight children. Peter Ludwig, blacksmith, Cumminsville, was born in Germany in 1829. He came to America and landed in Baltimore in 1854, and from thence came direct to Cincinnati. With the exception of a short time in Butler county Mr. Ludwig has been a resident of Hamilton county since 1854. Here he began his trade as a blacksmith, being about the first to locate in the neighborhood where he is now in business. He is doing general blacksmith and wagon work, meeting with good success. He is a member of the German Lutheran church. He was married in Cincinnati to Miss Liza Miller, of Germany, by whom he has two children. Philip Siebert, Cumminsville, was born in Hesse-Darmstadt, Germany, December 28, 1840, and came to America with his parents in 1842. They lived in Indiana, where his father died. Philip went to Camp Washington in about 1848. In 1861 he entered the army, enlisting in the Fourth Ohio cavalry, company E, as a private, and served faithfully for three years and two months, participating in the battles and marches of that regiment. He was taken prisoner at the battle of Perryville, remaining prisoner but a short time. At the close of his service he returned to Camp Washington, following his old occupation of gardener. He then moved to Cumminsville. In 1872 Mr. Seibert started in his present business. He was married in Camp Washington in 1865 to Miss Mary Berkman. Jacob Vogel, pork-packer, Cincinnati, was born in Germany, July 14, 1828. He came to America, landing in New Orleans, and then came direct to Cincinnati, arriving here in January, 1853. Coming here in poor circumstances he went to work as a day laborer, and saving a little money embarked in selling pickled tongues, then in the market selling smoked meats, where he continued for several years. He then engaged in killing, and packing pork, first employing about ten hands. Mr. Vogel's business has gradually increased until now he is one of the most successful pork-packers of Cincinnati, employ- 510 - HISTORY OF CINCINNATI, OHIO. ing about forty-five men. He was married, in Cincinnati, to Miss Mary Schuck, of Germany, by whom he has five children. Jacob Stengel, butcher, Camp Washington, was born in Germany, January 28, 1832. He came to America in 1852, landing in New York city, where he remained until 1860, engaged in the butcher business. He then came to Cincinnati, where he continued at the butcher's trade. In 1866 he moved to Camp Washington, where he has been identified as one of the successful butchers. Mr. Stengel was a soldier in the late civil war, enlisting in company F, Tenth Ohio volunteer infantry, where he served as a faithful soldier for three years and three months, participating in the battles and marches of the regiment. He was married in Cincinnati in 1865 to Miss Catharine Vogel. Peter Bochmann, merchant, Camp Washington, was born in Germany, in the year 1816. He came to the United States, locating in Cincinnati in 7845, where he commenced to work at his trade, shoemaking, which business he has been engaged in ever since, and he is now one of the pioneer shoemakers of Cincinnati. Mr. Bochmann was married in Cincinnati to Miss Catharine Auberger, of Germany, by whom he has three sons, who are all working in the shoe store with their father. Their names are Peter, William, and August. George Reber, of Hamilton, was born in Germany, March 9, 1826; came to the United States, landing in New York in 1852, and in 1853 came to Cincinnati. He followed farming for a time, and then engaged in his present business. He was married in Cincinnati to Miss Magdalena Highbecker, of Baden, Germany. Fred Bosch, Cincinnati, was born in Germany in the year 1835. He came to America and landed in New York; then came direct to Cincinnati in 1864. He began business on Vine street in the city, and remained there up to 1873, when he moved to his present place of business. Mr. Bosch was married in Cincinnati to Miss Elizabeth Hebbig. Charles Kline, foreman of Snodgrass' tannery, Camp Washington, was born in Cincinnati, Ohio, December 12, 1839, and is the son of Adam Kline, one of the old pioneers of Cincinnati. Our subject, when sixteen years of age, began to learn his trade as a tanner, which business he has followed ever since, with the exception of his service in the army. He enlisted in the Fourth Ohio cavalry, company M, and served full time, being a faithful and brave soldier, participating in the battles and marches of his regiment. Mr. Kline was married in Cincinnati to Miss Catharine Lushier, of Germany, and they have seven children living. Mr. Kline has been foreman of Snodgrass' tannery for the last eleven years. Adam Renner, Cincinnati, was born in Rhine, Bavaria, Germany, May r, 1830, and came to the United States and landed in New Orleans in 1847. In 1848 he came to Cincinnati. He commenced in the barber business which he carried on for a number of years on Main between Twelfth and Canal streets. He then entered the present business on Sixth street; then farmed a short time. He soon after came to Camp Washington and has been engaged in his present business ever since. He was married in 1851 to Miss Margaret Kuhn. She since died. He then married his present wife, Miss Louisa Renner, daughter of Philip Renner, who came to Hamilton county at an early day. They have seven children. J. Justice Gans, Camp Washington, was born in Hessen, Germany, May 15, 1815. Came to America and landed in Baltimore, June 6, 1838, thence to Cincinnati, arriving here July 5th of the same year. Here he began to run a carding and weaving machine, which he continued about one and a half years. He then moved to a farm in Springfield township, Hamilton county, where he remained engaged in farming some thirty-eight years. He then moved to Camp Washington, retiring from business. Mr. Gans was married in Germany to Miss Caroline Gerke. She died, and he then married Miss Minnie Jordan. They have two children living. F. and C. Wuest, proprietors Mohawk wagon manufactory, Cincinnati.—This firm was formed in 1878, but the business was first established at an early day by their father, who was a practical mechanic. He came to Cincinnati in 1855. His sons grew up in the business, and to-day F. and C. Wuest operate one of the most successful businesses in the city. They employ seventeen hands. Their building covers a large space of ground. They make a specialty of manufacturing butcher wagons and other strong work. Part of their shops are located in the old Bull's Head tavern, which was one of the first buildings built in this neighborhood, and was used for a tavern and a dancing hall. C. B. Hoehne, M. D., was born in Wurtemburg, Germany, November 4, 1832, receiving a thorough education in the city of Vienna, graduating from one of the leading institutions of that city in 1862. He then began his practice in Vienna, where he remained for several years with good success. In 1868 Dr. Hoehne came to America and located for a short time in New York city. In 1869 he came to Cincinnati, where he has remained since, engaged in the successful practice of his chosen profession. He was located on Race street for some five years, doing a large and lucrative practice, but is now located on State avenue, in the suburbs of the city. Reinhold Schneibold, foreman of the Western brewery, was born in Germany, July 77, 1849, where he, at the age of fifteen, began to learn his trade as a brewer. After following this business in Germany until 1865, he came to Cincinnati and entered the employ of the Neihaus brewery, working there a short time. In 1869 he entered the employ of the Western brewery, where he gradually worked himself up until 1878, when he was made its foreman, and has faithfully filled the position since. He is recognized as one of the best posted brewers in the city. Adam Metz, butcher, was born in Loudow, Germany, October 19, 1810. He came to the United States, and landed in New York July 15, 1832, going to Portsmouth and working on the canal at that place, where he contracted a fever. In 1838 he came to Cincinnati, and HISTORY OF CINCINNATI, OHIO - 511 worked on the canal here at twelve dollars per month. He managed to save a little capital, and entered the butcher business in company with John Hauck. In 1836 Mr. Metz commenced business for himself, and to-day is probably the oldest butcher in business in the city. He made several trips to New Orleans in the produce business with poor success. The secret of Mr. Metz's success is hard work and good management, by which he has accumulated a large property. He married Miss Anna Maria Leiginger, of Cincinnati, and has had ten children, five of whom are living. Mr. Metz employs nine men in his business. Bernhard Kluemper, foreman of the Park brewery, was born in Hanover, Germany, May, 1826, and came to the United States, landing at New Orleans in 1852. He came to Cincinnati, then went to Covington, Kentucky, and finally back to Cincinnati. He worked in a foundry for eight years. In 1861 he entered the brewery business, in which he has since continued. He has been foreman of the Park brewery since 1869, and to-day stands as one of the oldest and best-posted brewers in the city. Henry B. Woste, was born in Honover, Germany, May 13, 1851, and is the son of Henry and Maggie (Speckmann) Woste, both natives of Germany. Our subject came to America and landed in Baltimore in 1868, thence to Cincinnati. In 187o he began to learn his trade as cigar maker, and in 1873 began business for himself in Cincinnati. In 1878 he moved to his present place of business, which is two and a half stories high, eighteen by sixty feet in size, using the first floor in the cigar business. He employs seven men and manufactures some five thousand cigars per week. He manufactures the celebrated brands, "La Espanola," "Princepe DeCales," and "La Rosa." Mr. Woste is doing a very extensive jobbing trade, and his retail department is very good. He keeps a full line of tobaccos and pipes. He was the first regular cigar maker to locate on East Walnut Hills. B. H. Heithans, dealer in boots and shoes, was born in Hanover, Germany, in 1824. He, in 1849, came to America and located in Cincinnati. Here he began to work at the shoemaker's trade. In 1861 he established business for himself in Cincinnati, where he remained until 1874, when he began in the boot and shoe business in Woodburn, where he has remained ever since, now the oldest, and, as well, the first boot and shoe establishment in Woodburn. Mr. Heithans is a member of the Catholic church. Since he has been located in Woodburn he has been very successful in his business, having established a very good trade. Edward Schaefer, M. D., was born in Aschaffenburg, Germany, September I, 1846, and is the son of Dr. Joseph and Margaret (Hock) Schaefer, both parents natives of Germany. His father was a leading physician of Aschaffenburg, Germany. Our subject, after receiving a thorough education in the high schools of his native town, graduated with the highest honors in two leading medical colleges of Germany. He spent several years in the largest hospitals of Vienna and Berlin in the study of surgery and medicine. In 1875 he came to America, and located for a short time in Memphis, Tennessee. He then came to Cincinnati and located in Woodburn. Here he has built up a very large and lucrative business. Joseph Kleine, retired, was born in Oldenburg, Germany, April 27, 1814. He learned his trade as a tailor in Germany, and, in 1834, sailed for America and located in Baltimore, where he worked at his trade for some six months, when he came to Cincinnati in meagre circumstances. Here he began to work at his trade, tailoring, which he worked at until 1837, when he had saved enough money and entered the merchant tailoring business for himself, which he continued for some twenty-five years, on Fifth street, Cincinnati, when he entered the jobbing business, which he was very successful in for ten years, when he retired from business. In 1849 Mr. Kleine moved to Woodburn. Here he has been very actively engaged in building. At this place he has erected some twelve handsome residences, his house being one of the finest in the place. He was married August 8, 1837, to Miss Agnes Deckhaus, of Germany, by whom he has three children—two daughters and a son. Mr. Kleine is one of the oldest members of St. Francis DeSales church, of Woodburn. Rev. John Herman Burwinkel, assistant pastor of St. Frances DeSales church, was born in Cincinnati, April 28, 1851, and is the son of John and Elizabeth (Overman) Burwinkle, both parents natives of Germany, having come to Cincinnati some forty years ago. After receiving a thorough education, he, in 1876, was ordained, when he received an appointment as assistant of St. Francis DeSales church, where he has remained faithfully since. Rev. Charles Schmidt, pastor of St. Francis DeSales church, was born in Prussia, May 2, 1853, and is the son of Joseph and Mary (Dany) Schmidt. Father Schmidt received a very thorough education in his native country, and was ordained there as a minister in 1875. He was pastor of a church for some six months when, in 1876, he arrived in America and came to Cincinnati. He was first pastor in St. Boniface church, where he filled the pulpit for three years, when, in 1879, he came to the present charge and has remained since. William Durrell, of Mill Creek, East Walnut Hills, was born in Dixmount, Hancock county, Maine, June 16, 1804, and is the son of Thomas and Persela (Gorten) Durrell. He, with his parents, in 1818 moved to Ohio and settled in what is now known as Avondal Mill Creek township, Hamilton county. Here he was engaged in farming, and he soon after moved to a farm near where the Zoological Garden is located, of eighty-six and a half acres, which cost him from eight and one-third to twenty-four dollars per acre. Here he remained for some fourteen years, when he moved to his present place. He was married in this house March 6, 1826, to Anna B. Phillipps, who was born in Lancaster county, Pennsylvania, and in 1806, with her parents, moved west and located on the farm now owned by Mr. Durrell. Her father, Richard Phillipps, kept a hotel here for a number of years, part of the house now being occupied by Mr. 512 - HISTORY OF CINCINNATI, OHIO. Durrell. Here. Mr. Durrell and wife held their golden wedding, and in this room her funeral sermon was preached. She died December 7, 1876, aged seventy-one years, seven months and twenty-eight days. They have four children living. Mr. Durrell was for ten years school director, in which he took a very active part. He is a member of the Presbyterian church, of which he has been an elder for the last twenty years. Joseph S. Cook was born in Northfield, New Hampshire, September 28, 1815, and is the son of Robert H. and Esther (Hunt) Cook. When very young he, with his parents, moved to Boston, Massachusetts. There he learned his trade as a builder, and afterwards removed to Brooklyn, New York, where he engaged in business. In 1839 he came to Cincinnati, and located on Sixth street. Here he commenced to work at his trade, and soon after he had the largest force of men at work in the city building sewers, cisterns, and general plastering work. Being a very successful builder he continued in the business fifteen or twenty years, when, one day, he was made a present of about fifty fine plants by Mr. Nicholas Longworth. From this start he gradually grew into the nursery and florist business, since which he made the finest display at the first Exposition, and carried off some of the highest honors. He did a large and profitable business. At one time he had over one million five hundred thousand trees in his nursery, his florist business was very complete, and he owned one of the finest salesrooms in the west, attending to the largest orders for theatre and other decorations. He is to-day one of the oldest florists of Hamilton county. Mr. Cook was married April 14; 1841, to Miss Catharine M. Williams, whose family were among the earlier settlers of Cincinnati. Mr. Cook moved to his present residence in 1848, and it has been his home since. Henry Fasse, saloon-keeper, was born in Prussia, September 9, 1833, and came to America in 1851, landing in New Orleans, and then came to Hamilton county, where he engaged in farming for a short time, when he moved to the opposite side of his present place of business, building a little frame house, the first in the neighborhood. From there he moved to his present place of business. Here he has erected a good hall for the singing societies which meet here. He has made good improvements on his place, and has one of the most attractive places in the vicinity. He was married in Cincinnati to Miss Gieser, by whom he has had six children. J. A. Orth, grocer, was born in Montgomery county, Ohio, April 6, 1823. He is a carpenter by trade. In 1853 he came to Cincinnati, and in 1849 engaged in the grocery business in that city. In 1878 he built his present place of business, and moved to Walnut Hills. Here he keeps one of the most complete and neatest groceries on the Hills. B. H. Boedker, grocer, was born in Germany, April 18, 1835, losing his father and mother when he was seven years of age. In 1854 he sailed for America, coming direct to Cincinnati, he located in Fairmount, where he learned the chair-maker's trade. He followed that business but a short time, when he entered a grocery store as a clerk, at three dollars per month; from that, by his strict attention to business, he was raised to six dollars per month, and then to twelve dollars. He then entered a grocery in Fulton, where he soon after, by hard work and good management, became the owner of a grocery. He remained in Fulton a year and a half, when he sold out, moved to Cincinnati, on the corner of Court and Cutler streets, and in 1862 Mr. Boedker moved to Walnut Hills, being one of the first merchants on the hill. Here by his good management he has been very successful. He has filled several offices of public trust with honor, having been trustee of Mill Creek township, and also represented Woodburn in the council for one year. He is an active member of the Catholic church, and has eight children. Fred Kraus, druggist, was born in Budwers, Bohemia, Austria, May 1, 1814. He received a thorough education, graduating at the Vienna university on July 22, 1863. He was for a time drug clerk in the old country, and also for eighteen months served a similar position in the army during the Austrian war. In 1869 he came to America and landed in New York city, coming direct to Cincinnati, where he accepted a clerkship in a leading drug store, which he followed up until he began business for himself. He, in 187o, moved to Walnut Hills, since which time he has been very successful, doing a good business. He has also established a branch drug store on the Madison road and Huckelberry street. Mr. Kraus is perhaps one of the best posted druggists in the city, doing a large manufacturing business in the drug line. Isaac Huffman, merchant, Walnut Hills, was born in Carthage, Hamilton county, Ohio, in 1828, and is the son of John Huffman, who was born in Virginia, he being the son of A. Huffman, also a native of Virginia. John Huffman, with his parents, came west and located in Kentucky, in 18o8, where they remained until 18 o, then moved to Hamilton county, Ohio, on a farm. Our subject was raised on the farm, engaged in farming and gardening. In 1859 he moved to Walnut Hills, and in 186o entered the grocery business in the rear of his present locction, on the old Montgomery road. In the year 1873 he erected his present stone block, and commenced business. Here he has remained ever since, now one of the oldest, if not the oldest, business men on Walnut Hills. Mr. Huffman was married, in 1852, to Miss Jane Kemper, daughter of Presley Kemper, a pioneer of Hamilton county. She is also a native of Hamilton county. Since Mr. Huffman established business at his present stand, he has built up a leading and profitable trade. William Reudigs, druggist, was born in Cincinnati, Ohio, in 1854. After receiving a thorough education, he entered the Cincinnati College of Pharmacy, where he graduated in 1876 with honors, receiving the highest medal of his class of twenty-two members. He then came to Walnut. Hills and established his present business, which he has been very actively engaged in ever since, building up a large and ;profitable trade. Mr. Reudigs' father is one of the old pioneers of Cincinnati. Froelich & Froehlicher, wagon-makers and black- HISTORY OF CINCINNATI, OHIO - 513 smiths.—This establishment was formed in 1875 by Jacob Froehlich, who was born in Germany. He came to Cincinnati and worked at his trade, established the present busines and employed two hands. Being very successful, he built up a large and profitable business. He died in May, 1879, respected and honored for his good qualities. The present firm was then formed, consisting of Conrad Froehlich and Anton Froehlicher, both practical workmen, having had a number of years experience in the blacksmith and wagon trade. These gentlemen do a general wagon manufacture and repairing. Cooper & Welland, carriage manufacturers.—This firm is composed of Samuel Cooper and Harry Welland, and was first established in 1880. Samuel Cooper is one of the old settlers of Walnut Hills. He built and carried on the first livery stable in that place. He is now in the livery business, and keeps on hand some of the best stock in that line that can be found in the livery trade. Mr. Harry Welland, the junior member of the firm, was born in Cincinnati, October 8, 1859, and is the son of Henry and Annie (Martin) Welland, who are old settlers of Cincinnati. Our subject, at fifteen years of age, began to learn his trade as a carriage painter. This business he has followed ever since learning his trade in the shop; he is now half owner. He has been very industrious, and, by hard work and good management, has got a fair start. He is recognized as a number one carriage painter, and a good manager of his business. The shops are doing a good business, as the people of Walnut Hills are realizing that they can get as good work done at Cooper & Welland's as they can get by going elsewhere. Mr. Welland was married January 29, 1880, to Miss F. B. Hartmann, daughter of Henry Hartmann. Quinton Eagle, manufacturer of shoe uppers, was born in England, and in 1857 came to America, locating in Cincinnati. In 1858 he established business in Cincinnati. In about 1864 he moved to Walnut Hills. Here he entered in his present business in a two story frame house fourteen by thirty-four feet in size. He has here all the modern improvements, and employs as high as eighteen hands, doing a general custom-work for the city trade. Mr. Eagle has had some forty-two years' experience in boot and shoe business, and since locating on Walnut Hills, he has been successful in the manufacturing business. George Stribley, shoe-manufacturer, the subject of this brief notice, was born in England, having come to America and located in Cincinnati in 1847. He worked at his trade as a shoe-maker near his present place of business. In 1849 he entered the manufacturing business in a meagre way on McMillen avenue, near Kemper lane, Walnut Hills, thence to McMillen, near Gilbert avenue. He commenced, with two hands, manufacturing shoes by hand up to 1862 or 1863, when he purchased a McKay sole sewing-machine, being the first to introduce this machine west of the Alleghany mountains. While on McMillen avenue his business grew very rapidily; he was employing as high as fifty hands. In 1873 he moved his business to 89 Pearl street, and in 1879 moved to the present building, No. 12 Fourth street, which is one of the largest shoe manufactories in the country, employing between four hundred and five hundred hands. In July, 1874, the firm of G. Stribley & Co. was formed, composing George Stribley & Frank Droppelman, which has been very successful in operation ever since. George Lapthorn & Sons, shoe-manufacturers. This firm is composed of George Lapthorn and his two sons, George and Thomas H., all practical shoe-manufacturers. George Lapthorn, sr., was born in England, and in 1850 came to Cincinnati, where he worked at his trade, when he soon after moved to Walnut Hills and established the present business, commencing in a small frame building in the rear of his present shops. Here, by the help of the family, he manufactured some one hundred and fifty to two hundred pairs of shoes per week, his business having since then gradually improved until now they occupy the present brick building, a two-stories high, twenty by forty feet in size, and part of a two-story frame on the right. Here they employ some thirty hands in the manufacture of shoes, with all the modern improvements, with a capacity of turning out eight hundred pairs of shoes per week, doing the very best of work and finding ready sales for their goods in the city. George Lapthorn, jr., was born on Walnut Hills. He entered the shoe business with his father, and has continued at that business ever since; he attends to collecting, and is the general manager. Thomas H. is superintendent of store room and men's department. He is also a native of Walnut Hills, and has been actively engaged in the business. B. G. Harff was born in Cologne, Germany, September 19, 1847, and is the son of Albert and Josephine (Schoenefeld), both parents natives of Germany. Dr. Harff, after receiving a thorough school education at Cologne, began to prepare himself for the practice of medicine. He entered the university at Bonn on the Rhine and graduated from there July 26, 1875, receiving the highest honors. Graduating from one of the leading medical colleges of Germany, he practiced his profession in the Cologne hospital for some six months; he was also in the St. Thomas and Bartholomew hospitals of London for a short time. He was engaged by the English government to bring emigrants to Australia, where he visited and remained some five months. In 1877 he was married to Miss Amelia Kaeuffer, of Germany. They both sailed for America and located in Cincinnati, locating on Elm street. Here the doctor remained until 188o, when he moved to Walnut Hills, where he is meeting with very good success. B. H. Moormann, retired, was born in the kingdom of Hanover, Germany, August 3, 1823, and is the son of Gerhart and Elizabeth (Hellman) Moormann. In 1839 our subject came to America and located in Cincinnati. Being in poor circumstances he entered a hotel on Main street, working in the kitchen at five dollars per month, where he soon after became porter; he then went to the Henrie House, working as porter, when soon after he was made clerk, which position he filled for a number of years. He afterwards entered the dry goods business, which he was very successful in, retiring from business in 1870, 514 - HISTORY OF CINCINNATI, OHIO. Mr. Moormann was married in 1846 to Miss Catharine Brune. By this marriage they have five children. In 1862 Mr. Moormann moved to Walnut Hills, where he has been one of its active citizens since. He is a member of the Catholic church. F. B. Williams, retired, was born in Hamilton county June 2, 1825, and is the son of Thomas and Mary (Turner) Williams, who were among the pioneer settlers, of Cincinnati, his mother having come here as early as 181o. She died May 14, 1865. His father, Thomas Williams, was born in North Wales. He, when very young, was bound over to his uncle to learn the tannery trade, where he remained for several years. Not being satisfied he determined to come to America. At twenty-one years of age, he, having no money, went aboard a ship, where he hid himself in an empty hogshead, where he was discovered the third day after being at sea. He came on in the vessel and was landed in New Orleans. He then set out with a party and walked to Bardstown, Kentucky; on the way he came near starving. After remaining in Bardstown a short time he moved to Cincinnati and located on the southeast corner of Main and Second streets. Here he established a tannery in a log cabin, tanning mostly deer skins, making parchments. Being very successful in his business he invested in real estate. He owned where the Coliseum theatre is on Vine street, where he pastured his cows. After remaining in the tannery business for a number of years he moved to the farm on Walnut Hills. Here he operated a grist-mill and a distillery, with a capacity of two barrels of whiskey per day. Here he carried on business until he built a residence where the Coliseum theatre is, and there moved and remained until his death. He died at about sixty-nine years of age. Our subject has remained on the old farm until it has accummulated in great value, being one of the most desirable pieces of property on Walnut Hills. Rev. Peter Tinsley, pastor of the Church of the Advent, was born in Powhatan county, Virginia, August 25, 1833, and is the son of John B. and Eliza (Trueheart) Tinsley, both of Virginia. Our subject remained a resident of his native county until he was fourteen years of age, when he moved to. Prince Edwards county, Virginia, where he received his principal education, having graduated from the Hapden Sidney college in 1851. He then went to Petersburgh, Virginia, where he was principal of a select school. He there attended the Alexandria Theological college, and in 186o was ordained. His first appointment was in Ronaoke county, Virginia, where, soon after, he was made chaplin in the confederate service, serving in General Robert E. Lee's army. He was with Lee's army at the time it surrendered. At the close of the war Rev. Tinsley was made chaplin of the University of Virginia, where he remained two years. In 1869 he came to Cincinnati and took charge of his present congregation, where he has remained ever since. Rev. J. J. Kennedy, pastor of the Church of the Presentation, was born in Ireland, June 24, 1849, and is the son of Dennis and Nora (Scanlan) Kennedy, both natives of Ireland. Our subject, when very young, came to America with his parents and located in New Orleans. In 1852 they came to Cincinnati, which has been Father Kennedy's home ever since. He entered the St. Thomas seminary, of Bardstown, and from there he entered the Mount St. Mary's college, where he graduated in 1869 in high honor, and was ordained June 7, 1873. Rev. Kennedy took charge of his present congregation in its infancy, and by his faithful work has done wonderful good. Rev. Bernard H. M. Roesener, pastor of the Catholic church at Sedamsville, was born in Cincinnati in 1852, where he received his principal education, having graduated from the St. Xavier college in 1873. He was ordained as minister and appointed to Brown county, where he remained some four years, when he went to New Boston, Clermont county, and from there came to Cincinnati, and is assistant at his present place. John Reichert, saloon, was born in Germany, in March, 1814. He learned his trade as a brewer and cooper in Germany, and in 185o came to America and landed in New York city. He worked for some three years in Harrisburgh and Philadelphia at his trade, and in 1853 he came to Cincinnati, where he worked in the breweries until he entered his present business, when, in 1864, he moved to Mt. Auburn, where he has remained ever since. Mr. Reichert was married in Cincinnati to Sophia Ernst, by whom he has had four children. John B. Neeb, proprietor of Mt. Auburn garden and restaurant, was born in Germany, July 17, 1836. He came to the United States and landed in New York city; thence went to St. Louis and New Orleans. At the breaking out of the late civil war we find him at Louisville, Kentucky. Here he enlisted in the army for three years in company H, Fifth Kentucky regiment. He served as orderly sergeant, participating in some of the most severe battles and marches during the war--Pittsburgh Landing (Shiloh), Chattanooga, Mission Ridge, sixty-five days under fire at Atlanta, Chickamauga, etc. Mr. Neeb was wounded twice—once at Mission Ridge, and once at Chickamauga. He was mustered out at the expiration of time, September 14, 1864, when he soon after came to Cincinnati and commenced in the trunk manufacturing business. In 1866 Mr. Neeb moved to Mt. Auburn. Here he is engaged in keeping a garden and restaurant, being a first-class place in every respect. D. W. Landwehr, grocer, was born in Germany. Came to America and located in Cincinnati December r o, 1848, where he has been one of its active and highly honored citizens ever since, with the exception of a few years Mr. Landwehr was in Aurora, Indiana. Since returning from that place he has been actively engaged in the mercantile business. He is a cabinet-maker by trade, which he followed for a number of years in Cincinnati. He then entered the grocery business, and in 1874 he moved to his present place of business. Mr. Landwehr has filled several offices of trust. He was one of the organizers of the German Protestant orphan asylum, which he has taken an active part in ever since. He is an active member of the German Protestant church of Mt. Auburn, being its honored treasurer for several years. HISTORY OF CINCINNATI, OHIO - 515 J. George Schneider, merchant, was born in Hesse-Darmstadt, Germany, May 20, 1820. Here he learned his trade as a tailor, and in 1846 came to America, landing in New York city; thence went to Philadelphia, working at his trade until 1847, when he enlisted for five years, or during the war with Mexico, entering as a private in the Eleventh Pennsylvania. He went with his regiment to Mexico and participated in the engagements with that regiment. He was honorably mustered out at the close of the war and returned to New York, thence to Philadelphia, then to Pittsburgh, where he married, in 1849, Mary Take, of Germany, and soon after came to Cincinnati, arriving here in November of the same year. Here Mr. Schneider began to work at his trade, tailoring, which he has continued ever since. In connection with his tailoring he is in the grocery business. They have five children. Christian Jahres, superintendent German Protestant orphan asylum, was born in Hesse-Darmstadt, Germany, in 1826. He came to America in 1857, and located in Kentucky, where he was engaged in farming; thence went to Cincinnati, where he entered the mercantile business, which he followed for a number of years, when he went to Alabama and engaged in farming in that State for some six years, when he returned to Cincinnati. He was for a short period collector for Weber's brewery, when in in 1878 he was appointed to his present place, which he is filling with entire satisfaction. Rev. Charles Moench, pastor German Protestant church at Mt. Auburn, was born in Germany January 30, 1850, and is the son of Charles and Emma (Sack) Moench, both parents natives of Germany. Our subject received a very thorough education in Europe, in the Halle and Leipsic universities. In 1873 Rev. Moench came to America, and in 1876 was ordained as minister at Millersburgh, Ohio, since which time he has been actively engaged in preaching, located at Youngstown, Cleveland, Kenton, and at his present place, taking charge of this congregation in 1880. Rev. Alexander Hughes, pastor of the Church of the Holy Cross, was born in Armagh, Ireland, in June, 1845, and came to America in 1865. After receiving a thorough education he was ordained as pastor at West Hoboken, New Jersey, May 25, 1872, since which time he has filled the pulpits of several leading churches in West Hoboken, Baltimore, and Cincinnati. In 1878 he received his present charge, which he has filled faithfully since. Rev. Frederick Lang, pastor of the Church of the Immaculate, North Adams, was born in Allegheny county, Pennsylvania, September 12, 1839, and is the son of Nicholas and Mary Lang, both natives of Germany. Father Lang received a thorough collegiate education in Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, and then went to Dunkirk, New York, where he entered the Theological college, and was ordained as minister in 1862. His first charge was the St. George church, of Dunkirk, where he was pastor for four years, when he received a call from St. Michael's church, of Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, where he filled the pulpit for nine years. October 13, 1875, Father Lang came to Cincinnati, where he has been actively at work in the pastoral field since. T. E. Taggart, M. D., was born in Evansville, Rock county, Wisconsin. Having received a collegiate education in the Hillsdale college, Michigan, in 1867, he came to Cincinnati and graduated with high honors from the Miami Medical college in 187o, when he began the practice of medicine in Fairmount, where he has been successful in building up a very large and lucrative business, now being the oldest practicing physician located in Fairmount. Dr. Taggart's preceptor, the late Dr. T. L. Tidball, was one of the first physicians to locate in Fairmount. He was a graduate from Rush Medical college, of Chicago. He enlisted as surgeon in the Thirty-fifth Ohio volunteer infantry, and served there until the close of the war. In 1865 he began his practice in Fairmount, where he, by his knowledge of medicine, built up a large and profitable practice. He died; respected and honored, in 1873. Dr. Taggart, in 1862, during the late civil war, enlisted in company E, Fourth Indiana cavalry, where he served three years, participating in a number of engagements. He was on the Wilson raid that captured Jefferson Davis, and was honorably mustered out at the close of the war, when he returned home, and has been located at Fairmount since 1870. Professor Theodore Lobmiller, principal a the St. Bonaventura Catholic school. Among the most successful teachers of Cincinnati may be mentioned the above-named gentleman, who was born in Germany, November 22, 1828, and came to the United States in 185o, landing in New York city, thence coining direct to Cincinnati. Here he began school-teaching, and has been actively engaged ever since. He taught school in Dayton for several years, and with this exception he taught in Cincinnati. About nine years ago he took charge of his present school, then in a poor condition, and only forty scholars in attendance. The school has been very prosperous, anti has between one hundred and sixty and one hundred and seventy scholars. Rev. Jacobus Menchen, pastor of St. Bonavetura Catholic church, was born in France September 2,1841, and is the son of Matthias and Theresa (Von Hatten) Menchen, both parents having been born in France. Our subject, with his parents, came to America in 1846, and located in Cincinnati, which has since been his home. He graduated with high honors from St. Francis college in 1864, and was ordained by the Right Reverend Bishop Rosecrans September To, 1864. He was located at St. Francis church until 1866, when he was pastor of St. John's church, then of the congregation at Oldenburgh for two years. In 1868 he returned and began his work in the present charge, which has been faithful, building the church up to a large and flourishing congregation. Carl Kline, saloonist, was born in Nasau, Germany, January 8, 1831. He came to the United States, landing in New York April 28, 1854; thence he went to Sandusky, Ohio, where he remained some two months, and in the latter part of 1854 came to Cincinnati. He is a cabinet-maker by trade, which trade he had learned in Germany. Arriving in Cincinnati in meagre circumstan- 516 - HISTORY OF CINCINNATI, OHIO ces he continued to work at his trade until 1867, when he entered his present business, moving to Cumminsville in 1874. Mr. Kline was in the late civil war, enlisting in company G, One Hundred and Thirty-eight Ohio volunteer infantry, as sergeant, where he served to the expiration of his service, four months, and was honorably discharged. Henry Godelman was born in Camp Washington in 1846. His father came to Cincinnati from Germany about the year 1839. He afterwards moved to Camp Washington, and in 1849 moved to a gardening farm near Cumminsville, where he carried on business as a gardener up to the time of his death. In 1849 our subject moved to Cumminsville with his parents. About twelve years ago he entered his present business, which he has carried on ever since. Mr. Godelman was a soldier in the late war, having enlisted in company L, Thirteenth Ohio volunteer infantry, where he served his full time and was honorably mustered out. George C. Scheffel, saloonist, is another of the pioneers. He was born in the province of Saxony, Germany, October 1 r, 1824. He came to the United States in 1844. He came direct to Cincinnati, arriving here September 14, of the same year. He came here with only five dollars in money and went to work at his trade as a shoemaker, which he followed up to the year 185o, when he entered the grocery business on Vine street, Cicinnati, in which he continued for about thirteen years. In 1864 he moved to Cumminsville, where he was engaged in the grocery business until 1875 when he entered his present occupation. Mr. Scheffel was married in Cincinnati in 1846 to Amelia Wollenhaupt. She came to Cincinnati in 1844. Her father is eighty years of age, and is a noted musician, residing in Chicago. By this marriage they have seven children, six sons and one daughter ; all natives of Cincinnati. Mr. Scheffel is a member of the Protestant church and an active member of the German Pioneer association. G. H. Rabe was born in Germany in 1816. At about the age of seventeen he went to sea and followed the life of a sailor for some twelve years, visiting almost every region of the globe. In 1846 he came to Cincinnati, and was, for a number of years, steamboating on the Ohio and Mississippi rivers. In 185o Mr. Rabe went to California, and remained there until 1854, when he returned to Cincinnati. He then engaged in farming for about eight years in Delhi township. In 1873 he began his present business, locating in Cumminsville, and has been engaged in the distillery business ever since. J. W. Streng, butcher, was born in Bavaria, Germany, May 13, 1821. He came to the United States, landing in New York July 4, 1849; thence he came direct to Cincinnati. Here he entered the butcher business, in which he has continued ever since. In 1853 he moved to Cumminsville, where he still resides. He is the oldest butcher in Cumminsville. For several years Mr. Streng has been engaged, in connection with his butcher business, in keeping a boarding house in Cumminsville. Mr. Streng was married in Cincinnati to Miss Barbara Gensendoefer, a native of Germany, having come to Cincinnati in 1849. By this marriage they have four children. Joseph Glins, grocer, was born December 24, 1819, in Hanover, Germany. He came to America and landed in New Orleans in 1842, coming to Cincinnati the same year. Being very poor, he began work as a laborer at fifty cents per day. Accumulating some capital, he began the manufacture of soap, which he continued about five years. In 1853 he moved to Cumminsville and invested in real estate. In 1861 he opened a grocery, and is now the oldest grocer in this vicinity. Mr. Glins married Miss Tracey Morman in 1847, who came to the city at an early day. By this marriage they have seven children, all natives of Cincinnati. H. A. Stoffregen, grocer, was born in Hanover, Germany, April, 1839; came to the United States and landed in Baltimore in 1857. Then he came direct to Cincinnati, which has been his home ever since. He was a soldier during the late civil war in company C, Fifth Ohio volunteers, and served three years and three months, participating in a number of the prominent battles, being wounded three times. He was a brave and efficient soldier, and was honorably mustered out at the expiration of service, he returned to Cincinnati, and in 1870 moved to Cumminsville, where he began in the grocery business. He now has one of the most complete family groceries in the town. He married Josephine Meyers, by whom he had five children. After her dcease, he married Amelia Leppelman, and by her has one child. Aloys Walz, florist, was born in Baden, Germany, in 1817. He commenced to learn the florist business at the age of sixteen, and worked in some of the leading places of the old country, spending three years in Switzerland. In 1865 Mr. Walz came to the United States, and went into his present business at Cincinnati. He now owns one of the most complete green-houses in Hamilton county, having some five thousand feet under glass, and employing three hands. He has taken several premiums for displays of cut flowers at the expositions, and in 188o took the bronze medal. Herman Haerline, florist and landscape gardener, was born in Germany, and after spending many years in Europe at his profession as landscape gardener, he came to Cincinnati. He was first engaged by N. Longworth, where he remained until 1858, when he went to Kentucky and was employed in laying out private grounds back of Covington. In 1861 he moved to Cumminsville, and in 1865 engaged in the florist business. He now has under roof thirteen hot-houses, covering some seven thousand seven hundred square feet of surface. Of late years Mr. Haerline has not given much attention to this part of his business, as he has been employed by the State of Ohio as landscape gardener. He has laid out many yards and parks belonging to the State, and his work is pronounced among the best in the country. G. W. Mass, furniture dealer, was born in Holland, and came to the United States in 185o, since which time he has been actively engaged in the furniture business in Cincinnati. His main store is located at No. HISTORY OF CINCINNATI, OHIO - 517 916 Central avenue, where for eighteen years he has been manufacturing furniture. In 1877 he established a branch store at Cumminsville, which is carried on by his son, Oliver Mass, who is very attentive to business and is gradually building up a good trade, selling furniture as reasonable as it can be purchased in the city. George Gruninger, merchant. Among the most successful and active business men of Cumminsville, may be mentioned the name of George Gruninger, who was born in Germany in r825. He learned his trade as a tinner in Germany, and in 1854 he came to the United States, and was a resident of New York city for some eight and a half years, working at the tinner business. In 1864 Mr. Gruninger came to Cincinnati, locating in Cumminsville, where he has been engaged in the hardware and tin business ever since, and is now the oldest merchant in that line in the town. His stock of stoves, tin, and hardware is very complete. A. M. Streng, merchant tailor, Cumminsville. Among the most successful and enterprising citizens of Cumminsville we may mention the above-named gentleman, who was born in Bavaria, Germany, April 2, 1826, coming to the United States and landing in New York, July 4, 1849. He then went to Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, where he learned the tailor's trade, and remained until 1852, when he moved to Cincinnati, working at his trade up to 1855, when he removed to Cumminsville, where he has continued at his trade ever since, and is now the oldest active tailor in Cumminsville. Mr. Streng came to Cincinnati in meagre circumstances, but with his hard labor and good management has accumulated a good property. He has continued in his present place of business for the last thirteen years. Mr. Streng has filled several offices of public trust in Cumminsville: Nine years a school-director, two years a member of the council, and two years a member of the school-board of Cincinnati. He was married in Cincinnati to Miss Sophia Schrader, who was born in Germany. By this marriage they have eight children. Mr. Streng has taken a very active part in church matters. He is a member of the German Protestant church, to which society he has donated, and worked hard to organize. Frederick W. Becker; merchant tailor, was born near the Rhine, Germany, February 20, 1827. At thirteen years of age he began to learn his trade as a tailor. In 1848 he enlisted and served three years in the German army. In 1852 Mr. Becker came to the United States and landed in New York city. He then went to Buffalo, New York, and remained there a short time, and then came to Cincinnati, arriving here in the summer of 1852, he went to work at the tailor's trade. In 1859 he moved to Cumminsville, where he has been engaged in business since. He was married in Cincinnati May 28, 1854, to Miss Margaret Weber, who was born in Germany, coming here in 1853. They have three children living. Our subject was the seventh son, for which his father received one hundred dollars, according to the law at that time in Germany. Joseph C. Tarrant, dealer in boots and shoes, and shoe manufacturer, was born in Welshire, England, having come to America in 1852, and located in New York, where he learned his trade as a shoemaker. In i868 he came to Cincinnati and carried on the shoe manufacturing business in the house of refuge; from there he came to his present place of business, which was started in 1871. Tarrant Brothers starting in the business in a _small way, employing some ten hands, capacity of manufacturing about sixty pairs of shoes per day; the business has since gradually improved until today he employs between thirty-five and forty hands, with a capacity of manufacturing one hundred and twenty pairs of shoes per day, manufacturing ladies', misses' and children's shoes, occupying three rooms. The salesroom is fourteen by fifty-four feet in size, the two manufacturing rooms are fourteen by fifty-four feet. Mr. J. C. Tarrant became sole owner of the business in 1880. E. T. C. Woellert, merchant, was born in Germany, in 1828. Came to the United States and landed in New York city in 1854, coming direct to Cincinnati. Here he commenced to work at the 'cabinet-maker's trade, from this he began working in a picture frame factory, which business he has continued for the last twenty-two years. Mr. Woellert owns a very neat notion store in Cumminsville, keeping on hand a full line of picture frames. He moved to Cumminsville in about 186o, and has been one of its honored citizens ever since. Elizabeth Riesenberg, wife of the late Barney Riesenberg, who was born in Masen, Germany, November, 1803. He was married in Germany, in 1846, to Elizabeth Yelgers, who was born in Germany in 1815. His business in Germany was in making turf, from which he managed to save enough money to bring himself and wife to America, arriving in Baltimore in 1847. He went direct to Cincinnati. After working for a short time in Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, he returned to Cincinnati, worked by the day in a cooper-shop, stone quarry at teaming, and in a pork house. By hard work and good management he managed to save a little money. In 1854 he came to Cumminsville and opened a grocery, in which business he was about the first to start there. He was successful in the business, and accumulated a good property. He died, respected and loved by his fellowmen, August 29, 1872, with fever, leaving a wife and five children to mourn his loss. The children's names are Henry, Lizzie, Mary, Caroline and Louisa. Fred Spaeth, deceased. One of the old pioneers of Cumminsville, was the above-named gentleman, who was born in Bavaria, Germany. He came to the United States and landed in Philadelphia in 1848, thence to Cincinnati in 1851. Coming here very poor, he went to work in Herancourt's brewery, then in a distillery, and then at the cooper trade. He was very active in life, a hard worker, and no matter how small his salary was, he managed to save a portion of it. He came to Cumminsville about 1851. He commenced the feed store business at an early day, about 1856, at the present homestead, and was one of the first in that line of business in Cumminsville. He then started a saloon, and conducted a garden on a first-class principle. Being 518 - HISTORY OF CINCINNATI, OHIO. very successful in business, he had accumulated a good property. He died December 28, 1871, with small-pox, a man respected and honored, leaving a wife and four children to mourn his loss. Andrew Spaeth is attending to business at the old homestead. He was born in Cumminsville in 1855. Lawrence Theobold, retired, of the old and highly respected citizens of Cumminsville, may be mentioned. Mr. L. Theobold, was born in Germany, July 5., 1815. He came to the United States, and landed in New York in 1852, coming direct to Cincinnati, May, 1852. His first work was in the garden business, near Cumminsville, which he continued in for some fifteen years, when he had accumulated a little money and invested it in the feed store business, which he continued very successfully up to 1877, when he retired. The business is now carried on by his son. Mr. Theobold was married in Germany to Miss Barbara Deil. They came to Cincinnati with two children. Mr. Theobold owns three and three-fourths acres of land where he lives, which is very valuable. This he made by hard work and good management, coming here poor in 1852. Since then he has accumulated a good property. He is a member of the German Protestant church. Conral Soellheim, M. D., was born in Bavaria, Germany, January 3o, 1836. Receiving a high school education in his native country, he, in 1853, came to America, and was for a short time a resident of New Orleans. His father was a prominent physician. Our subject went to Indiana, and for five years was engaged in the practice of medicine in Dubois county. In 1858 he came to Cincinnati, and graduated from the Cincinnati College of Medicine and Surgery in 1861. At the breaking out of the late civil war, Dr. Soellheim enlisted in the'> Ninth Ohio volunteer infantry as assistant surgeon, which position he filled for some eighteen months, when he was appointed surgeon, which he filled with marked ability. During the war he was brigade surgeon, also surgeon in charge of the hospital at Chattanooga, where he did wonderful good work. He participated in a number of the most prominent battles. At the close of the war Dr. Soellheim located in Cumminsville, where he has been established since, being very successful in his practice of medicine. The doctor is the oldest physician in Cumminsville. Professor John F. Grause, principal of the German Catholic school, Cumminsville, was born in Prussia, Germany, in 1843. He received sufficient education in his native country that he taught school there for two years. He is a graduate from the West Farland college. In 1866 Professor Grause came to America, and has been very active in teaching school. He taught five years in Fulton and five years in Ludlow, Kentucky. He has been engaged at his present place for the last three years. Rev. Charles Schenck, pastor of the German Protestant church, was born in Prussia August 13, 1843, coming to America and landing in New York in 1847, thence to St.' Louis, and from there to California, Missouri, remaining there for some ten years. In 1873 he graduated from the Missouri college. Rev. Mr. Schenck was ordained at Cumberland, Indiana. His first appointment was at Linnville, Indiana, where he remained for five years in active work. He came to his present place February 17, 1878, filling the pulpit of the German Protestant church of Cumminsville since. Rev. Mr. Schenck was married in Boonville, Indiana, to Miss Louisa Kindermann, of Newburgh, Indiana. Adolph Strauch, superintendent of Spring Grove cemetery, was born August 30, 1822, at Eckersdorf, near Glatz, in the province of Silesia, Germany. At the age of sixteen he entered zealously upon what has since been his favorite study—the art of landscape gardening. This he pursued in Austria for six years, under prominent masters in the imperial gardens at Vienna, Schoenbrunn and Laxenburg. In 1845 he started on a tour of inspection through Germany, Holland and Belgium. At the conclusion of this tour he remained about three months in the celebrated horticultural establishment of Louis Van Houtte, near Ghent. Paris was now his objective point; and here he spent three years in the culture and perfection of his professional taste. At the breaking out of the Revolution of 1848 he went to. England, and passed three years there, being last employed in the royal botanic gardens, Regent's park, London. He then started for America, and landed at Galveston, Texas, November 5, 1851. During the next winter he travelled through that State, and in the spring went north to Cincinnati, where he made an engagement with the late R. B. Bowler, a gentleman of great taste, and an enthusiastic admirer of arboriculture and landscape gardening. During the two years he remained at Clifton he inaugurated the open lawn system, which, continued by others, has made the environs of the Queen City of the west famous throughout the world. In 1854, after making a tour of the United States and Canada, he returned to Cincinnati to take charge of Spring Grove cemetery, where he has continued to reside, and where his genius has enabled him to present the noblest effects of landscape gardening as applicable to the adornment of rural cemeteries. Leopold Mushaben, saloon-keeper, was born in Baden, Germany, March 21, 1840. He came to the United States, and landed in New York city in 1861, coming direct to Cincinnati, where he soon after entered the army in the Fourteenth Independent Ohio battery, enlisting for three years. He was a brave soldier; participating in over fifty battles—Vicksburgh, Atlanta, Pea Ridge, etc. He was wounded at the battle of Pea Ridge in the left leg. He served until the close of the war and was honorably mustered out, and returned to Cincinnati. He worked for six months in the Government employ; he then worked as porter in the Spencer House, and afterwards in the grocery business. In 1871 he came to his present place of business here, and has erected a handsome brick block where he has continued in trade since. Frederick Koehler, saloon-keeper, was born in Germany, December 5, 1827, coming to the United States, and landing in New Orleans in 1842, thence direct to Cincinnati, which has been his home ever since, and today he is one of the old pioneers of the city, being an HISTORY OF CINCINNATI, OHIO - 519 active member of the German Pioneer society. Mr. Koehler came here and commenced to work in the employ of a paper-hanging establishment, where he continued two years. He then commenced to learn his trade (tailor) which business he carried on for a number of years. In 1866 he moved to his present place. Mr. Koehler was married in Cincinnati to Christena Schnider, of Germany. She came to America when she was about• two years of age. Mr. and Mrs. Koehler are the parents of eight children. William Buehler, proprietor of Buehler's Garden, was born in Wedenburg, Germany, May 29, 1817, and is the son of John and Caroline (Hedge) Buehler—both parents born in Germany. Our subject came to America in 1849, landing in New York city, where he remained a short time, and then came to Cincinnati. In 1852 he moved to Corryville where he has remained one of its honored citizens ever since. Mr. Buehler married Mrs. Zeltner, wife of the late John E. Zeltner, who was born in Germany in 1813, where he married Mrs. Zeltner (nee Miss Kunegunda Pleistiener), who was also born in Germany. In 1839 they came to the United States, landing in New York city and coming direct to Cincinnati. Here he worked at his trade as a cutter, and soon after established himself in the clothing trade. He then entered the wholesale liquor business. On retiring he moved to the country. In 1856 he estabtished a wine house on Vine street, known as the National Hall. He was a very active man. He died with the cholera in 1866, respected and honored. Joseph H. Bohm, butcher, was born in Bavaria, Germany, in 1847; came to the United States and landed in New York city in 186̊. He came direct to Cincinnati and entered the butcher business, and has been actively engaged in the business ever since. Mr. Bohm is now the oldest butcher in Corryville, and is meeting with good success in his present place of business. He keeps a first-class butcher-shop, and as he buys nothing but the best meats, customers trading with him receive nothing but good, wholesome food in that line. Thomas Bishop, dairyman, was born in England, but came to America at an early day, and in 1845 located in Cincinnati. Here he has been actively engaged in the dairy business, and to-day is one of the oldest, as well as one of the most practical, dairymen around the city. In 1849 he began business for himself at his present place. Here he started with a few cows, and by good management his business has increased to such an extent that he now owns fifty-four cows, nine horses and two milk-wagons, and employs six hands. Mr. Bishop keeps one of the best, neatest and cleanest dairies around the city. He has forty acres of fine land, which he uses for pasture. Adam Fisher, dairyman, was born in Brown county, Ohio, April 16, 1845, and is the son of Michael Fisher, one of the pioneers of that county. In 1846 Adam Fisher moved with his parents to Hamilton county, where he assisted his father in the dairy business. He now has a dairy of his own, with sixty cows, eight horses and three wagons, employing three hands. He has a large pasture of forty acres, and is doing a very good and profitable business. A. Sunderbruch, florist, was born in Hanover, Germany, in 1830. When young he entered zealously upon what has since been his favorite study, the art of landscape gardening and floriculture, at which he spent most of his time in Europe, being at one time offered a position in the king's garden at Berlin. In 1849 he sailed for America, and in the same year located in Cincinnati, where he has been actively engaged at his trade, being a private gardener in some of the leading suburbs around Cincinnati. He, in 1854, with a small stock of plants, started his present business in Clifton, on the Carthage pike, with two green-houses containing some eight hundred square feet of glass. Here he remained for some nine years, being very successful. In 1863 he moved to his present place, where he began with fifteen hundred feet under glass. His business since then has grown wonderfully, and he has now forty thousand square feet of glass, employing a number of hands. Mr. Sunderbruch has taken a number of first prizes awarded by the Cincinnati exposition, for the finest display of plants and cut flowers; he has three gold and two silver medals. In 1845 he married Miss Mary Brining, and has three children. Henry Voss, manufacturer of brick, was born in Hanover, Germany, March r r, 1825. While in Germany he married Minnie Rose; and in 1851 he and his wife started for America, landing in New Orleans. They took a steamer for Cincinnati, and on the way up the Mississippi, near Vicksburgh, a son (Henry) was born to them. Soon after arriving in Cincinnati, Mr. Voss began making brick, and has followed the business ever since. He began with five hands, burning six hundred thousand brick yearly, but for several years was not very successful. By hard work and good management, however, he has accumulated a good property, and has become one of the leading brick manufacturers of this vicinity. He has furnished brick for a number of public buildings, the Longview asylum, the school-house at Corryville, and others. In connection with his brick business, he deals in wood, coal and sand. Jacob Rhein, grocer, one of the successful business men of Corryville, was born in Bavaria, Germany, October 3, 1835. He came to the United States in 1851, coming direct to Cincinnati. Here he commenced the saloon business on West Fifth street, which he continued about five years, when he moved to Walnut Hills, where he was engaged in the stock business. He then moved to Corryville. Here he has been one of its honored citizens ever since. He was actively engaged in the omnibus business in company with his brother for a number of years, operating a line of omnibuses from the suburb residences to the city. Commencing with four omnibuses the business increased until they had eight omnibuses doing a good business. Mr. Rhein, in 1862, commenced the grocery business, and to day owns one of the best family groceries in Corryville. He carried on for a number of years a feed store. His present brick store building he built in 1879. 520 - HISTORY OF CINCINNATI, OHIO. Mrs. E. Tuechter, grocer, was born in Germany about 1823. She came to America in 1845, landing in New Orleans, where she remained about fifteen months and then came to Cincinnati, where she was married about 1847 to Detrich Schussler, who died with the cholera in 1849. She was married the second time to Eberhard Tuechter, who was one of the old pioneers of Cincinnati. He came to Corryville and entered the grocery business, which is now carried on by his wife and was about the first, if not the first, grocery located in this vicinity. He continued in the grocery business up to his death, which occurred in 1874, leaving a wife and three children to mourn his loss. He was an active member of the German Lutheran church, being at one time treasurer of that congregation. He died respected and honored. Fred and George are assisting in the grocery. The daughter, Mary, is now the wife of John Mackle. B. Eppens, grocer, Cincinnati, was born in Hanover, Germany, in 1818. He came to America and landed in New Orleans in 1854; thence direct to Cincinnati, arriving December 23d of the same year. Mr. Eppens is a rope-maker by trade, which he learned in Germany. After arriving in Cincinnati, not finding work at his trade, he, with a capital of some sixty dollars, started a small grocery on Eighth street, near John. He moved his business to Liberty street, thence to John and Chestnut, and from there to his present place of business in 1873. Mr. Eppens, with good management, has accumulated a good property. He married, in Germany, Miss Lizzie Dailmon, by whom he has had five children. Conrad Hagedorn, grocer, was born in Germany, December 2, 1815 ; came to the United States and landed in New Orleans in 1844, coming direct to Cincinnati, arriving here July 7, 1844, in company with his wife, whom he married in Germany. Her name was Mena Heidorn. They came here in poor circumstances, and Mr. Hagedorn went to work breaking rock on Jackson Hill. He then worked in an oil-cloth factory, remaining there for six years, after which he worked in a shoemaker's shop in fitting boots, working there some nine years. In 186o he commenced the grocery business, which he has been in every since. Mr. Hagedorn is a member of the German Pioneer society. He is also a member of the German Protestant church. He has three children living. John H. Fenneman, grocer, was born in the grand duchy of Aldenburg, Germany, April 16, 1816. He came to the United States and landed in Baltimore in 1835, arriving in Cincinnati in November of the same year. Coming here poor he went to work as a day laborer. He was for fifteen years a porter in one of the leading mercantile establishments of Cincinnati. In 1853 Mr. Fenneman moved to his present place, being now one of the oldest residents of this vicinity. He married Miss Louisa Nordman, by whom he has five children living. G. Emge, business merchant, was born in Germany November 7, 1835. He came to the United States and landed in New York city May 55, 1867. After remaining there some three weeks, he came to Cincinnati, Ohio, where he worked by the day as a laborer for nine years, when he entered the grocery business on Clefton avenue, where he remained until 1876, when he then came to his present stand, which is one of the most complete family groceries in the neighborhood. Mr. Emge was married to Miss Delia Brehm, of Germany. By this marriage, they have four children. Augustus E. Lindemann, dealer in stoves and hardware, was born in Cincinnati, Ohio, in 1854, and is the son of John H. Lindemann, who came to Cincinnati in about 1846. Our subject learned his trade as a tinner, with Mr. Augustus Konshein, who established the present business in 1868. Mr. Lindemann, after the death of Mr. Konshein became owner, and since he has carried on the business, which is the only stove and hardware store in Corryville; he keeps in stock a fine lot of first-class stoves and hardware. He is also doing a good business in the tin roofing and guttering line, taking large contracts. Frank Ries was born in Bavaria, Germany, October 23, 1825. He came to the United States and landed in New Orleans in 1841; then came direct to Cincinnati, arriving here in March, 1841. Here he began to learn the tailor's trade which business he followed for some seven years. In 1853 he moved to St. Bernard, where he engaged in the saloon business. In 1856 he moved to Corryville, which has been his home ever since; and he was engaged in the saloon business. Mr. Ries was married in Cincinnati at St. Mary's church October 10, 1848, to Miss Mary Huflbower. She was born in Germany, having come to Cincinnati in about 1843. By this union, they have ten children living. Mr. Ries is a member of the Catholic church, and has been one of its active adherents. He was one of the building committee in erecting St. George's Catholic church at Corryville. He is a member of the German Pioneers' association; had one son, Jacob, in the late war in the gun-boat service, who did good duty, and was honorably discharged. Mr. Ries came to Cincinnati in company with his mother and six children. His sister, Catharine Ries, came to Cincinnati in 1839. Michael Fisher, retired, was born in Germany, and in 1837 came to the United States, locating in New York, thence to Pennsylvania. In 1838 he moved to Brown county, Ohio, where he engaged in farming and in 1846 moved to Hamilton county and soon after established in the dairy business which he has been very successful in, and is to-day one of the oldest dairymen in Corryville; for the last few years the dairy business has been carried on by his son Adam. Charles Teichmann, retired, was born in Prussia, Germany, July 21, 1812. He came to the United States and landed in New York city in 1848, thence to Buffalo and in 1849 to Cincinnati, coming here with wife and four children. Soon after arriving here, he was taken sick with the cholera, and suffered very much; his wife also had a slight attack of this disease. Mr. Teichmann's first work was in a slaughter-house. In 1859 he entered the saloon business which he carried on successfully up to 1880, when he sold out to his son. He was married HISTORY OF CINCINNATI, OHIO - 521 in Germany, to Miss Dora Tera. Stilsenbaugh. She was born in Germany in 1817. By this union they have seven children. They had three sons in the late war, Charles, Albert and Herman; they were brave and faithful soldiers, each one serving his time out, and was honorably mustered out. Mr. Teichmann himself was a soldier in the militia during the Morgan raid. Professor F. A. Oaks, principal of the St. George Catholic school, was born in Rochester, New York, in 1844, where he received sufficient education that in about 1864 he began teaching school. He came west and in 1872 graduated from the Notre Dame college of Indiana. He then engaged at his profession, teaching school in several cities. He was principal in Hamilton, Ohio, and Covington Kentucky. In 1880 he took charge of his present school, where he is giving the best of satisfaction. Rev. Gabriel Lipps, assistant pastor St. George Catholic church, was born in Lick Run, Hamilton county, Ohio, November 3, 1850, and is the son of Andrew and Catharine (Grebner) Lipps, both parents natives of Germany, who came to Cincinnati at an early day. Father Lipps graduated from the St. Francis college in 1873; was ordained as minister October 12, 1873, at Oldenburg. He then was pastor of the St. Ann church, of Hamburgh, Franklin county, Indiana. In 1879 he returned to Cincinnati and was for five months pastor in Sedamsville. In 1880 Father Lipps was appointed to his present charge. Rev. Paul Alf, pastor of the St. George Catholic church, was born in Cincinnati, June 21, 1852, and is the son of George and Mary (Dail) Alf, both parents natives of Prussia. Father Alf graduated from the St. Joseph college at Bardstown, Kentucky, in 1871. He was ordained as minister September 19, 1877, since which time he has preached in Chatham, Canada, Detroit, Michigan, Fort Wayne, Indiana, Menunk, Illinois, Louisville, Kentucky, Hamburgh, Indiana. He came to his present charge August 20, 1880. John Kraft, saloon-keeper, was born in Bavaria, Germany, April 24, 1824; came to the Untted States and landed in New Orleans, coming direct to Cincinnati. Here he commenced to work at his trade—tailor —which he had learned in Germany, continuing at his trade here for some ten years. He then started in the saloon and cigar business, and afterward went into the dry goods business. In 1853 or 1854 Mr. Kraft came to Camp Washington and started in the tailor busiiness in connection with dairying. He was the first tailor to locate at Camp Washington. He has been engaged at his present business for the last twelve years. He was married in Cincinnati to Carolina Rice, of Germany. She came to Cincinnati in 1833. They have eight children—five sons and three daughters. Leo Wagner, root beer manufacturer, was born in Ohio. He learned the art of manufacturing root beer in Tiffin, where he remained for several years. In 1877 he established his present business in Camp Washington, since which it has been steadily on the increase. He is now located in a two-story brick house, and is prepared to do a large business. He employes two hands. Root beer is one of the most cooling and healthy drinks manufactured. Henry Rastert, butcher, was born in Baden, Germany, June 22, 1845. In 1860 he came from his native land to Cincinnati, and commenced the butcher business. In 1864 he began business for himself, and four years later moved to Camp Washington, where he has built up a very successful trade. George Alexander, butcher, was born in Germany May 13, 1826. In 1847 he came to the United States and landed in New Orleans, coming direct to Cincinnati, where he went to work at the butcher business with his brother Henry, who had come here in an early day. In 1853 Mr. Alexander moved to Camp Washington, and is now the oldest butcher in the place. He married Miss Mary Hachl, who came to Cincinnati when about two years of age. They have seven children. Mr. Alexander is a member of the German Protestant church. He has been very successful in the butcher business, and now owns very valuable real estate in Camp Washington. John Schroth, butcher, was born in Cincinnati in 1842, and is the son of John Schroth, who was a native of Germany and came to the city in 1839. For a number of years he was a leading butcher of the city, and died honored and respected by his fellow men. Our subject was brought up in the butcher business with his father, and opened his first shop at Brighton. In 1863 he moved to Camp Washington, where he has built up a very large business. At first he killed about ten hogs a day, but now his average is twenty-five to fifty per day, employing eight hands. Mr. Schroth married Miss Louisa Stoll, also a native of the city, her parents having moved there at an early day. George Goetz, butcher, was born in Germany April 13, 1819. In 1849 he landed in New York city, and came direct to Cincinnati, where his first work was mowing grass. Since 1851 he has been in the butcher business, and is now one of the pioneer butchers of the city. He has been very successful in his business, and has acquired valuable real estate at Camp Washington, which has been his home for over thirty years. Mr. Goetz married Miss Elizabeth Schatchmann, a native of Ohio. Her parents came to the city when she was very young. Fred Schroth, butcher, was born at Cincinnati, Ohio, April 2, 1846, and is the son of John Schroth, a pioneer butcher of the city. After the death of his father, our subject engaged in the butcher business with his three brothers. In 1863 he moved to Camp Washington, and in 1869 began business for himself. Besides his large local trade in fresh meats, he is engaged in packing and curing, employing seven hands. His buildings are all of substantial brick. Mr. Schroth married Miss Catharine Hettrick, a native of the city. Among the enterprising business men of Cincinnati we may mention Mr. L. F. Haffner, who was born in Bavaria, Germany, in 1839. He is a currier and tanner by trade. He came to Cincinnati in 1868, and soon after engaged in the tannery business in a small frame build- 522 - HISTORY OF CIN.CINNATI, OHIO. ing, where he managed well, and at the end of two years employed sixteen hands. In 1873 he put up the present building, which has a frontage of eighty feet, is three stories high, the main building extending back forty feet, with a wing extending one hundred feet. The tannery is built with all modern improvements—seventy vats, and thirty-six horse-power engine. Mr. Haffner has been very successful in the tannery business, his trade extending to a number of States, and he carries the largest stock of leather around the city. Jacob Huebscher, tanner, is one among the enterprising business men of Camp Washington. He is a native of France, coming to Cincinnati in 1870. He went to Boston and learned the trade of currier and tanner, remaining there about two years, when he returned to Cincinnati and embarked in business for himself, first locating at No. 393 Colerain avenue, where he worked alone. Mr. Huebscher has, by his hard work and good management, gradually improved in business, until he now has a room thirty-three by seventy feet, and employs two men, finishing as high as one hundred and fifty hides per month. His trade is principally in the city, where he is meeting with ready sales of his manufactured stock of harness and shoe leather. William Weihe, grocer, was born in Germany February 6, 1821, and came to America, landing at Quebec, coming to Cincinnati by way of Sandusky, locating at Camp Washington June 26, 1847, and he has made it his home here since, being one of the oldest pioneers of the place. He started in the dairy business, which he carried on about eleven years, and then engaged in dealing in wood. In 1865 he started in his present business, and has continued in it since. He now resides in what was known at one time as the Camp Washington House, an old hotel, and one of the old land marks in this vicinity. Mr. Weihe was married in Germany to Miss Ernestine Munstd, by whom he has had four children. William Bolia, florist, was born in Baden, Germany, January ro, 1843. At fourteen years of age he commenced to learn the florist business at Lahr, Baden, where he remained until 1864, when he came to America, and was for a short time in the florist business in Newark, New Jersey. In 1865 he came to Cincinnati, and was engaged in different places in Clifton and suburbs. In 1877 Mr. Bolia commenced his present business, and now owns four hot-houses—two ten by sixty and two sixteen by sixty. His business is very good, and he keeps his plants in first-class order. He is recognized as keeping one of the neatest places in the city, and employs two hands. Albert Wetterstrome, druggist, was born in Jackson county, Indiana, in 1854, and came to Cincinnati in 1863 or 1864. Here he was engaged as a clerk in a drug store for about five years, receiving a practical education in the compounding of medicines. In 1876 Mr. Wetterstrome came to Mount Washington and commenced in the drug business for himself, since which time he has built up a very valuable trade. He now owns the oldest drug store in Camp Washington. He graduated from the Cincinnati College of Pharmaceutists in 1876. John A. Andrews, druggist, was born in Cincinnati, August 23, 1846, and is the son of Jacob Andrews, who came to the city about the year 183o; his mother is still living at the age of seventy-four years. Our subject is a thorough, practical prescription and drug clerk. He graduated from the Cincinnati College of Pharmacy on September 17, 1873. He came to Camp Washington in 1869, and immediately started in the drug business, which he continued for five years, when he sold out his business. In 1878 he returned to Camp Washington and again started in the drug business, and now owns one of the neatest drug stores in the vicinity and is doing a good business. Charles Boch is one of the oldest settlers of Camp Washington now living. He was born in Frankfort on the Main, Germany, August 2. 1826, and came to the United States, landing in New York city, in 1845. He remained, in that city one year, and came thence direct to Cincinnati. In 1854 Mr. Boch moved to Camp Washington, which has been his home ever since. Here he began the feed business, which he is still carrying one very successfully. He was married in Cincinnati in 1850 to Miss Margaret Miller, by whom he has seven children. Mr. Boch has taken a very active part in the improvement and advancement of Camp Washington. John Hessler, merchant, is one of the highly respected pioneer business men of Camp Washington. He was born in Bavaria, Germany, in 1826, and came to the United States, landing in New York, in 1847, and thence direct to Cincinnati. He is a blacksmith by trade, which he had learned in Germany. On arriving in Cincinnati he went to work at his trade, receiving for his services eight dollars per month. In 1853 Mr. Hessler came to Camp Washington and started the first blacksmith-shop in the place. He continued at this business until 1865, when he entered his present business. He was married in 1847 to Sophia Seiss, a native of Germany, by whom he has four children. C. F. Schock was born in Wedenburg, Germany, June 26, 1833, and came to the United States in 1854. He came direct from New York, where he had landed, to Cincinnati, arriving here in March, of the same year. Here he began to work at his trade as a baker, which he had learned• in Germany, continuing at this occupation for a number of years. In 1873 Mr. Schock came to Camp Washington, where he is now carrying on the confectionery business, and has acquired a good trade. In 1871 he erected the business block which he now occupies, and is one of the finest buildings in the town. John H. Hopf, hardware merchant, was born in Prussia, June 11, 1838. He learned the tinner's trade in the old country. In 1861 he came to the United States, landing in Baltimore, and coming direct to Cincinnati. He soon after enlisted in the First Ohio artillery, in battery I, where he served as a faithful soldier during the late civil war, participating in all the battles and marches that his company was engaged in, and at the expiration of his time of service returned to Cincinnati. In 1865 he moved on a farm where he remained until 1870, when he came to Camp Washington, returning to the farm in HISTORY OF CINCINNATI, OHIO - 523 1872, where he remained until 1874. In 1877 he started his present business, keeping on hand a full line of hardware, stoves, etc. Mr. Hopf was married in Hamilton county to Augusta Gahn. They have five children. B. H. Lammers, brick manufacturer, residence, Camp Washington, was born in Prussia, November 27, 1817. Came to the United States and landed in New York city in 1847, coming direct to Cincinnati. His first work was in a foundry, where he remained for a short time, when he entered the brick manufacturing business, which he has continued ever since. In 1852 Mr. Lammers moved to Camp Washington, where he started in business for himself. In 185o he was married to Miss Fredericka Heillebrandt, of Germany. They have seven children. Mr. Lammers has been very successful in the manufacturing of brick. He is now owner of some very Valuable real estate which he has obtained by his hard labor and good management. He is one of the oldest pioneers of Camp Washington, respected and honored by all. S. Rittee was born in Baden, Germany, January 11, 1835, and emigrated to the United States, locating in Cincinnati, in 1854. He came here very poor, having only one dollar, which he gave for his supper, lodging, and breakfast. He went to work for a gardener for nine dollars per month. After working here about six months he went to Baltimore, thence to Philadelphia, then to Pittsburgh, steam-boating to New Orleans ; he finally returned to Cincinnati. He was for one year in business in Lawrenceburgh. . He enlisted in the Twenty-ninth Ohio volunteer infantry, company C, and served one year in the late civil war; did good service and was honorably mustered out. He came to Camp Washington in 1861, commencing in business in 1865. Mr. Rittee was married in 186o to Miss Louisa Lauhel. Joseph Haarmann, principal of the Catholic school, was born in Germany November 22, 1849, receiving his education in his native country, graduating from a leading institution of learning in 1866. He taught school in Germany for six years. He, in 1872, emigrated to the United States, coming direct to Cincinnati, where he has been very actively engaged in school teaching in the city ever since. He has been teaching at his present place for the last three and a half years, and is acknowledged a fine teacher by all. Rev. Henry Paul, pastor of the Sacred Heart of Jesus Catholic church, Camp Washington, was born in Alfhausen, province of Hanover, Germany, October 27, 1848. At the age of ten years he came to America and located in Cincinnati. Here he received his education, graduating from the Xavier college June 19, 1871. He was ordained as minister by the Most Rev. Archbishop Purcell, February 28, 1874. His first appointment was at Marysville, where he remained from 1874 to 1876, When he was on missionary work, visiting and working at the ministry at different places, Mechanicsburgh, Milford Centre, Liverpool, Richwood, Peoria, Woodstock, etc. On the fifteenth of May, 1876, he received a call from his present charge, where he has been serving very actively and faithfully since, establishing a large congregation. Rev. J. A. Voss, pastor of the German Reformed church, was born in Holland, August 27, 185o. He received his education in Germany. Coming to the United States in 1873, he was for a short time in charge of the German Reformed church at Covington, Kentucky. In 1874 Rev. Voss came to Camp Washington, and has been very actively engaged with the German Reformed church ever since. His congregation is very large, and since his pastoral work here he has done wonderful good. Major James Morgan, superintendent of the city workhouse, was born in the county of Cork, Ireland, April 12, 1835, and is the son of James and Katie (Conn) Morgan, both parents born in Ireland. Our subject when very young came to America, and in 1847 located in Cincinnati. Here he began to learn his trade in an edge-tool manufactory, continuing at work until the breaking out of the late civil war, when he, in 1861, enlisted as a private in company B, Twenty-seventh Ohio volunteer infantry. He was made first lieutenant of the same company, and in 1862 was made its captain, which position he filled until 1864, and then was made major of the Twenty-seventh Ohio volunteer infantry. Here he served until the close of the war, having participated in the battles and marches with this regiment through the entire service. He returned to his home in Cincinnati, and soon after entered the edge-tool business, which he followed very successfully for a number of years. January t, 1874, Major Morgan was appointed to the office of superintendent of the city workhouse, which position he has filled with honor and credit ever since, with the exception of some two years. He was a member of the city council for some seven years, being a very active worker. Major Morgan is a Republican in politics, and in 1879 was chairman of the Republican county committee, being a hard worker in his party ranks. T. J. McCoy, M. D., was born in Warren county, Ohio, April 2, 1857, and is the son of Isaac and Lucinda (Allen) McCoy, both parents natives of Ohio. Our subject, after receiving a thorough education, began to study medicine. He attended three terms of lectures in the Medical college in Cincinnati, when he went to Louisville, Kentucky, and entered the Kentucky School of Medicine, which institution he graduated from June 29, 188o, with the highest of honors, receiving a gold medal for the best notes on medicine. After graduating, Dr. McCoy located in Camp Washington, where he is meeting with very good success, and is recognized as being the best educated physician of that place. William Hoffmeister, saloon keeper, residence, Lick Run, is one of the successful men of that locality. He was born in Germany January 31, 1827. He came to the United States and landed in New York in 1847, then came direct to Cincinnati, arriving here July 12th of the same year. Here he went to work at his trade as a cigar maker, which he had learned in Germany. He continued working at this trade for some five years, when he entered the grocery business. After four years he entered the brewery business in Lick Run, in the rear of his present homestead, which he continued up to 1871, 524 - HISTORY OF CINCINNATI, OHIO. since in his present business. Mr. Hoffmeister has held several offices of public trust, was trustee of Mill Creek township for three years, was clerk of the school board and treasurer of the same for fourteen years; was assistant assessor of the United States internal revenue for two years. These offices he filled with honor and credit. He was married in Cincinnati to Anna Margaret Biegler, of Germany. They have ten children. He is a member of the German Protestant church. Michael Gries, butcher, residing in Lick Run, was born in Baden, Germany, February 5, 1826. He came to America and landed in New York city in 1847. He worked at the butcher business in Baltimore, Washington and Pittsburgh. In the fall of 1848 Mr. Gries came to Cincinnati in poor circumstances, in fact five dollars in debt. He went to work by the day in the slaughterhouse. In 1849 he moved to Lick Run, a place then very thinly settled. Here our subject began the butcher business for himself in a small way. Since then, with hard work and good management, he has built up a very profitable business, and is one of the most successful butchers of Cincinnati. He has erected a very convenient slaughter- and packing-house in Lick Run. He employs five men. Mr. Gries was married in Cincinnati. He has four children living. He is an active member of the Catholic church. John Ridder, butcher, residing in Lick Run, was born in Prussia, Germany, February 26, 1845. He came to the United States, and landed in New York in 1868, coming direct to Cincinnati, where he commenced the butcher business. In 1869 he moved to Lick Run, and is now doing a leading business in his line, carrying on a wholesale business, employing five men. Mr. Ridder was married in Cincinnati to Lizzie Tense, who died. He was married to Aggie Roter, and they have now five children. H. W. Schorfheide, grocer, resident of Lick Run, was born in Germany July 3, 1824. He landed in Baltimore in 1850, and from thence came to Cincinnati. Here he started the dairy business, and in 1854 he moved to Lick Run, continuing in the dairy business until about r866 when he entered the grocery business, being among the oldest merchants in this vicinity. He was married in 1852 to Miss Mary Ann, his present wife. She is a native of Germany, and came to Cincinnati about 1841. Frederick Gaefe, bristle manufaeturer, residence in Lick Run, was born in Hanover, Germany, March 23, 1827. Came to the United States, landing in New York city in 1849; thence to Rochester, thence to Ohio, where he worked as a day laborer until 1852 when he came to Cincinnati. He soon after commenced to work in Bullock's hair manufactory, driving a team. From this he was appointed as superintendent, remaining in the employ of this house for about twenty years. In 1874 Mr. Gaefe commenced business for himself, in a small way, in Lick Run. By his enterprise and good management he is gradually increasing his business, building up a very profitable trade. He employes nine men in his manufactory, turning out work not excelled. Mr. Gaefe moved to Lick Run in 1853 and is now one of its oldest settlers. He was married in Cincinnati in 1856 to Miss Wilhelmina Huster, of Germany. She came to America in 185o. They have six children. Mr. Gaefe is a member of the Protestant church. He was elected a member of the school board, filling that office with acknowledged ability. John A. Staab, retired, of Lick Run, was born in Bavaria, Germany, February lo, 1816, and came to America in 1847, thence to Cincinnati, arriving here August 25, 1847. He came here in poor circumstances and went to work as a laborer. In 186o he had accumulated a little money and started a business, which he continued until 1877, being very successful. Mr. Staab worked for some thirteen years in the hair factory in Lick Run. In 1848 he married Anna M. Metzer, a native of Gen! many, by whom he has one child. After her death he married his present wife, in 186o, Mary A. Harris, of London, England. Mr. Staab has been a resident of Lick Run since 1851, being among the oldest He is a member of the German Pioneer society. Barny Freckers, grocer, Barrsville, was born in Germany July 10, 1823. He came to America, landing in New York city in 1851; coming direct to Cincinnati, arriving here July 12th of the same year. Coming here in meagre circumstances he worked at day's labor; he soon after commenced in the dairy business in Cincinnati, thence moved to Barrsville, commencing here in the dairy business with some eighteen cows, His business gradually increased by his good management until he owned as high as fifty head of cows, doing a good business in the dairy trade. In 1874 Mr. Freckers started in the grocery business—the first to start in Barrsville. He married Miss Anna Morrien, of Germany. She came to Cincinnati in 1849. They have one child. Mr. Freckers is an active member of the Catholic church. Henry Brune, dairyman, of Barrsville, was born in Oldenburg, Germany, February 21, 1838; came to the United States, landing in Baltimore in 1858, thence to Cincinnati. Here he began to work as a laborer. He soon after entered the dairy business, which he has now been in for the last eighteen years, being one of the first dairymen to locate in Barrsville. He commenced business with twenty-five cows; now owns forty and is doing a good, profitable trade. His stables and dairy business are kept in the best of order, employing four hands. He was married in Cincinnati in 1862 to Elizabeth Hunighake, by whom he has four children. Henry Menke, dairyman, a resident of Barrsville, was born in Germany February 9, 1839; came to the United States and landed in New Orleans in 1857, coming directly to Cincinnati. Arriving here December of the same year, he went to work in a furniture factory; thence in 1865 he entered the dairy business, commencing with twenty-one cows. He now owns a first-class dairy with forty cows, employing two hands. He was married in 1865 in Cincinnati, to Miss Kate Witerede, of Germany. By this marriage they have three children. Henry Rakers, retired, resident of Barrsville, was born in Germany March 9, 1819, and in 1845 came to the United States and landed in New Orleans, thence to Cin- HISTORY OF CINCINNATI, OHIO - 525 cinnati July 2, 1845, which has been his home ever since. He commenced to work at his trade as carpenter which he followed for a short time; then commenced the dairy business in 1852, with four or five cows ; located on Mohawk street. In i856 he moved to the present place. Here, with hard work and fair dealing, he at one time owned seventy-five cows, doing a leading dairy business successfully for a number of years. Mr. Rakers retired from business, which is now carried on by his son-in-law, Augustus Osterfeld, who is operating the business very successfully. Mr. Rakers was married in Cincinnati to Catharine Karner, of Germany; by this marriage, they have one child, a daughter. Mr. Rakers is a member of the Catholic church. William Brickley, principal of the Carthage schools, a resident of Cincinnati, was born in Herkimer county, New York, August 28, 1809, where, after receiving sufficient education at seventeen years of age, he began to teach school. He graduated at the Union college of Albany, New York; taught school in his native county, also in St. Lawrence county, being at the head of some of the leading schools of those counties. In 1855 he came west to Hamilton county, Ohio, and taught school in Stors township in the Stone high school; has taught in other schools very successfully, and is to-day the oldest school-teacher of Hamilton county. John Kauffman, jr., foreman of the Vine Street brewery, was born in Cincinnati, Ohio, and is the son of John Kauffman, proprietor of the Vine Street brewery. Our subject was brought up in the brewery business. He was appointed to the present position some one and half years ago. He is now twenty-two years of age, and is the youngest foreman of the Cincinnati breweries. Adrian Bok, foreman of the Bellevue brewery, is a native of Germany, where he commenced, at eighteen years of age, to learn his trade as a brewer. In 186o he came to America and first located in Terre Haute, Indiana, where he worked at the brewery business for a short time, when, in 1860, he came to Cincinnati, where he was employed in the Jackson brewery for some twelve and a half years, and also worked in other leading breweries of the city. February 14th he was made foreman of the Bellevue brewery, which position he is filling very satisfactorily. Albert Carry, foreman of the Dayton Street brewery, is a native of Germany. At the age of fourteen he began to learn the brewer's trade, which he followed while in Germany. In 1869 he came to the United States, and went to Jersey City, where he worked as a brewer some two years. In 1871 Mr. Carry came to Cincinnati, and began work in the Western brewery. The last two and a half years of his stay at this brewery he was foreman, but left to take the foremanship of the Dayton Street brewery. He is recognized as one of the best posted brewers in the city. Lewis Mark, foreman of J. C. Sohn & Co.'s brewery, was born in Germany January 2, 1834, where, at the age of fourteen he began to learn the brewer's trade. In 1854 he landed in New York city, and for three years worked in a brewery at Pittsburgh. In 1858 he came to Cincinnati, and accepted a position at J. C. Sohn & Co.'s brewery. At the outbreak of the late civil war, he enlisted in company A, Ninth Ohio volunteer infantry, and served bravely and efficiently for three years, participating in all the engagements and marches of that regiment. He was mustered out as orderly sergeant, and returned to his old position in the same brewery, where he has since remained. He is the oldest foreman and one of the best brewers in the city. William Gerst, foreman of the Elm Street brewery, was born in Germany, and at the age of sixteen began to learn the cooper's trade. His father and brother are both in the brewing business in Germany. In. 1866 he left the old country, and came by way of New York city direct to Cincinnati, where he worked in several of the leading breweries before securing his present position. Mr. Gerst made a visit to the leading breweries of the old country, and has gained a wide experience that makes him a leading man in the business. Andrew Wollenberger, foreman of the Jackson brewery, was born in Germany, where he began to learn his trade as a brewer at the age of fourteen years. In 1868 he left his native land and came by way of New York city direct to Cincinnati, where he began work in the Jackson brewery. After being employed there for two years, he worked in other breweries in the city, being foreman of one of them for two years and a half. In 188o he returned to the Jackson brewery as foreman, and has given entire satisfaction to his employer, as well as won the respect of the men under his charge. Mrs. R. B. Herancourt was born in Germany, and is the daughter of Henry and Elizabeth Harch, who, with a large family, came to America and located in Cincinnati in 1832. Soon after their arrival they were taken sick with that dreadful disease, cholera, and out of the family of ten persons, seven died, including father, brother and five sisters. They were buried near where the Music hall is now located. In 1843 Mrs. Herancourt was married to the late G. M. Herancourt, one of the pioneer brewers of the city. He carried on a successful business until 188o, when he died, respected and honored, leaving a wife and nine children to mourn his loss. Mrs. Margaret (Becker) Wust was born in Germany and came to Cincinnati in 1842, and is the wife of the late Jacob Wust, who was born in Bavaria, Germany, in 1817. He learned his trade as a stocking weaver in Germany. In 1840 he came to America and located in Cincinnati. He then went to work at day labor. In 1843 he went to work for his brother, and in 1845 he entered business for himself in the manufacturing of woollen hosiery, which business he was very successful in and continued up to his death, which occurred September 6, 1878. Thus passed away one of the city's honored and respected pioneer manufacturers. He had been located in the building now occupied by his sons since 1847. He was married in 1845 to Miss Margaret Becker, and at his death left a wife and seven children to mourn his loss. The manufacturing of wollen hosiery is carried on by the sons, who are very industrious and doing a very suc- 526 - HISTORY OF CINCINNATI, OHIO. cessful business. They employ eighteen hands in their business. Rev. William Daly, pastor of the Catholic church, was born in Roscommon, Ireland, June, 1841. He came to the United States and located in Cincinnati in 1851. He graduated from Mt. St. Mary's college in 1870. After being ordained as minister he was located at Oxford at St. Mary's church. Some two years ago he took charge of his present congregation, where he has remained since, being a very active worker. Jacob Frey, Vine street, was born in Hesse-Darmstadt, Germany, November 15, 1799. At thirteen years of age he began to learn his trade as a tailor, working at his trade in Germany until 1833. Mr. Frey was married in Germany, November 30, 1830, to Miss Johanna Henrietta C. Haffly. She was born in Baden, Germany, February 27, 1811. In 1833 he, with his wife and three children, sailed for America, landing in New Orleans in May, after being on the trip from Bremen to New Orleans fifty-six days. They then came direct to Cincinnati. Finding no work at his trade, he went to work here as a laborer on the canal, where he worked some three weeks, when he went to work at his trade, tailoring, which he continued up to 1849. He then entered the book and newspaper business, being agent for the Volksblatt newspaper until 1877, when he retired, his son now filling that position. Mr. Frey is one of the organizers of the old tailor's association, which was organized in 1843, he being one of its honored presidents. By their marriage they have had fourteen children, of whom seven are living. John B. Ahlers, Central avenue, was born in Oldenburg, Germany, January 9, 1809. He carne to the United States and landed in New York city in 1835; then came to Cincinnati, arriving here August 9, 1835• Here he went to work at day labor. He also, for a while, worked in Natchez, Mississippi. Returning to Cincinnati he, in about 1845, began keeping a grocery on the southeast corner of Liberty street and Central avenue, one of the first to start in the grocery business in this neighborhood, then very thinly settled. Here he continued in business for about eight years. He made a trip to Germany, and after returning he moved on a farm on Colerain pike. Here he remained some eight years, engaged in farming, when he retired to his present home, where he has remained since. Mr. Ahlers has made three trips to his native country, where he spent some two and a half years visiting friends and relatives. He has been married twice, and has had the sad misfortune of losing both wives. His last wife died some eight years ago. He has two children living—one by his first wife and one by the second. Charles Hess, baker, was born in Baden, Germany, learning his trade as a baker. In 1857 he came to the United States, locating at Cincinnati, working at his trade a short time, He then went west, seeking gold, visiting Pike's Peak. Remaining west one and a half years, he returned to Cincinnati. He entered the service of the Ninety-ninth Ohio volunteer infantry as baker, where he served for some three years. At the close of the war Mr. Hess returned to Cincinnati. Here he worked at odd jobs until 1866, when he established his present business, being one of the first bakers to locate in this vicinity. Here, by hard work and good management, Mr. Hess has been successful and won a host of friends. He was made alderman of his ward in 1880, which office he is now filling with entire satisfaction. He was married in Cincinnati to Miss Minnie Peters, of Germany. By this union they have five children. Wendel Gruesser, saloon-keeper, was born in Germany, March 3, 1825, and in 1848 sailed for America, landing in New York city on the eleventh day of October of the same year, and in November located in Cincinnati. He is a machinist by trade, which he learned in Germany. Not finding anything to do at his trade, he went to work as a laborer on the canal. He then found work repairing musical instruments, for which he was swindled out of his wages. He soon after went to work in the Fulton locomotive works, and thence to Cleveland, Ohio. He worked on a farm in different places; also in a sawmill on Licking river. He went south, seeking work in Woodville, Mississippi; New Orleans, Algers, Carrollton, but finding work for a short time. He then went to steamboating on the Mississippi. In 1851 he returned to Cincinnati, and worked at his trade, which he continued up to 1858, when he removed to Tell City, Indiana, being one of the pioneers of that place. He, in company with others, entered the saw-mill business, which not being successful he returned to Cincinnati. In 1861 he entered his present business, which he has continued ever since. He was married, in 1853, to Miss Mary Kaemmerling, of Germany, and has two children living. Mr. Gruesser is a member of the German Pioneer association. Mrs. Mary Engle, is the wife of the late David Engle, who was born in Baden, Germany, in 1827, and at seven years of age came to America and landed in New York city, coming direct to Cincinnati, his home until his death, which occurred in 1879. He worked on a farm near Cincinnati burning charcoal, which he would bring to Cincinnati by the wagon load and peddle to customers. He then went to work gardening. In 1853 he married Mary Klunz, of Germany, who came to Cincinnati in 1849. After he married he began keeping a saloon and, boarding-house. He soon after embarked in the mineral water manufacturing business. In each line of business he was very successful. He had accumulated a good property, which he left to his wife and family. Mr. Engle was one of the honored members of the German Pioneer association. The business is carried on by the sons, David having charge of the mineral water department, and Chris the saloon. John is attending school. William Sedler, saloon-keeper, was born in Germany, May 18, 1836. He came to the United States, and landed in New York city in 1846, coming direct to Cincinnati, arriving here about June of the same year. He Went to work as a laborer, working at different places. He carried on the fish business for some fourteen years. He was also a fireman on the Pittsburgh & Marietta HISTORY OF CINCINNATI, OHIO - 527 railroad for some three years. In 1876 he commenced his present business, which he has continued ever since. Mr. Sedler was married, in Cincinnati, to Miss Caroline Lammot, of Hamilton county, Ohio, by whom he has had three children. John Zeiser, proprietor of Zeiser's garden and saloon, was born in Cincinnati in 1847, and is the son of Leonard Zeiser, who came to Cincinnati as early as 1847. He was a stone-mason by trade, being a large contractor and employing a number of working men. He entered the saloon business and opened Zeiser's garden, which he continued up to his death, which occurred in 1878. He was a man honored and respected, being a member of the German Pioneer association. He left a valuable property, which he had accumulated by hard work and good management. John Eiser, wholesale liquor dealer, was born in Baden, Germany, October 15, 1831 ; came to Cincinnati April 27, 1855. Mr. Eiser is a cooper by trade, which business he continued in until i868, when he started in his present business, and is one of the oldest in his vicinity. He is meeting with very good success in his present business. He was married, in Cincinnati, to Miss Mary Ann Tuchfarber. Fritz Engelke, baker, was born in Hanover, Germany, in 1827, and came to the United States in 1853, landing in New York city, where he remained three months, and then came to Cincinnati, where he commenced at his trade as a baker, having learned the trade at fourteen years of age in Germany. He has worked at his trade since, having been located in his present place of business since 1867. He was married in Cincinnati to Miss Henrietta Krueger. They have two children living—a son and daughter. The son is working in the baker shop. A. Dieterle, saloon-keeper, was born in Germany in 1831, and came to America in 1852, landing in New York, thence to Cincinnati, arriving here in June of the same year. He went to work on a farm near Cincinnati, and in 1858 he started in his present business, which he has continued in since, being very successful. In 1862 he built his present place of business, where he has been located since. He was married in Cincinnati to Miss Catharine Lehrer, of Germany, and they have three children living. John Schnell was born in Baden, Germany, January 13, 1823, and came to the United States in 1839, landing in New Orleans, then removed to Indiana, where he remained eighteen months, when he went as a carpenter on a steamboat, at which he continued for a number of years, when he came to Cincinnati, and was elected constable, which office he filled with honor and credit for eighteen years. He was also school trustee three years, supervisor of Storrs township two years, and assessor one year. He was in the wholesale liquor business, which he carried on for several years. He was one of the first members of the German Pioneer association, of which he has filled the office of vice-president. He married Mary Hoffer, who has since died, and then married Mary Geyman. They have five children living. Arnold Guenich, foreman of malt house, was born in Germany, and at seventeen years of age he commenced to learn the beer-brewer's trade. He remained in his native country until he was thirty-three years of age, during which time he worked in some of the leading breweries of Vienna and Berlin. In 1866 he came to America, and worked for a short period in the cities of Milwaukee, Syracuse, and Indianapolis, and, with these exceptions, Mr. Guenich has spent the most of his time working in the leading breweries of Cincinnati. At one time he operated several saloons. In 1880 he engaged with his present employers. He is a hard worker, and is one of best posted brewers in the city. Henry Schnabel, brick manufacturer, was born in Germany, June 4, 1817, and came to Cincinnati January r, 1853, with only five dollars in money. He went to work chopping wood ; worked on a farm in Kentucky about eleven years, and returned here in 1866, when he commenced brick manufacturing in Goosetown, where he remained about one year, and then removed to his present place, where he manufactures about six hundred thousand bricks per year. He has furnished brick for building some of the public schools. Mr. Schnabel has been very successful in his business, and he owns some very valuable property. He married Catharine Hess, who was born in Germany in 1821. By this marriage they have five children living. Joseph Arszmann, mineral water manufacturer, was born in Germany, and located in Cincinnati in 1853, which has ever since been his home, with the exception of ten years 'in Shelbyville, Indiana, where he was successfully engaged in the mineral water business. In 1878 he returned to Cincinnati, where he has since remained. He manufactures as high as three hundred dozens of bottles in one day, and in busy seasons he employs. three hands. He has a two-horse delivery wagon, and all the latest improvements in the manufacture of seltzer and mineral water. Mrs. Anna Krusel, grocer on State avenue, is the relict of the late John H. Krusel, who was born in Germany and in 1864 came to Cincinnati. Here he began work in a brick-yard by the day. By hard work he managed to save a money, and in 1873 commenced making brick himself, in which he was very successful, averaging six hundred thousand brick a year, and making in his last year twelve hundred thousand brick. In 1871 he started a grocery, which also succeeded, his wife principally attending to it. He died June 28, 188o, aged thirty-nine years nine months and one day. He was honored and respected for his honesty and uprightness, and left a good estate to his wife and family. Henry Ihorst, brick manufacturer, was born in Germany and came to Cincinnati in 1866, where he commenced work in a brick-yard by the day. In 1873 he commenced to manufacture brick himself in the Twenty-second ward. Here he employs five hands and manufactures six hundred thousand brick a year. He has been very successful, meeting with ready sales. Adam Krug, furniture manufacturer, was born in Germany in 1824, and in 1834 came to Cincinnati, where he secured work as a gardener. For several years he 528 - HISTORY OF CINCINNATI, OHIO. resided in Mercer and Chillicothe counties. In 1879 he started his present business, and in 188o moved to his present location, which is very extensive, and gives employment to eight men. He confines himself principally to the manufacture of tables. His son, C. J. Krug, though a plumber by trade, has gone into partnership with his father, and makes the greater part of the patterns for the tables, which are handsome and substantial. His art in painting and ornamental work is of the finest quality. Adam Krug married Miss Barbara Zetelmire, a native of Germany. William Oberhellmann, brick manufacturer, was born in Germany in 1823, and coming to the United States, landed in Baltimore April 1, 1846. He went to Philadelphia, and in 1847 came to Cincinnati, where he began work as a day laborer. In 1853 he invested his earnings in a brick yard, and is to-day one of the oldest brick manufacturers around the city, and by industry and good management has made his business a success. He is a member of the German Pioneer association. Adam Mangold, grocer, is one of the most successful business men in this vicinity. He was born in Hessen, Germany, June 2, 1826. He learned his trade as a cooper and beer brewer on Frankfort-on-the-Main. In 1848 he sailed for America, and landed in New York city November 15, 1848, then came direct to Cincinnati, arriving here November 22, 1848. He entered a Main street brewery and worked at his trade some three years, when he entered the produce business, which he continued about four years. He then entered his present business, in which he has been very successful. It may here be stated that Mr. Mangold came to Cincinnati with two five franc pieces, being all the money he had. He, by his industry and good management, has accumulated a large estate. He was married in Cincinnati, September 24, 1854, to Margaret Zittel. She was born in Bavaria, Germany, January 9, 1834. She came to the United States in 1848, locating in Illinois, thence went to Cincinnati. By this marriage they have five children. Christ Kentner, foreman of Elsas & Pritz's tannery, was born in ermany in 184o. He came to Cincinnati in 1859. In 1865 Mr. Kentner entered the employ of Elsas & Pritz, and he gradually grew up in the tannery business, so that in 1873 he was made foreman; which position he has filled with satisfaction to his employers, and gained the respect of the men under his management. John Peter Blaeszer, saloon-keeper, Twenty-fourth ward. The subject of this sketch was born in Germany, January 30, 1820, and came to the United States and landed in Baltimore in 1849, thence direct to Cincinnati, arriving here in June, the same year. Coming here in meagre circumstances, he worked in stone quarries, and in slaughter-houses in the winter, continuing for a number of years at this business, after which he entered the saloon, which has been his business since. He moved to his present place in 1859, near Hearencourt's brewery, living in the vicinity ever since. In 1852 Mr. Blaeszer was married in Cincinnati to Miss Rosa Baldus. She is a native of Germany, having come to Cincinnati in 1851. By this marriage they have three children living. He is a member of the German Pioneer association and of the Catholic church. L. Schreiber, of L. Schreiber & Sons, building and brewers' iron works, manufacturers of iron fronts, iron stairs, etc., was born in Bavaria, Germany, July 24, 1828, learning the machinist trade in Germany. In 1849 he sailed for America, landed in New York city, and then came direct to Cincinnati. He began to manufacture surgical and dental instruments, which business he followed very successfully for a number of years. About 1861 he began in his present business in a meagre way, but since then his business, by his good management, has increased wonderfully. He is now doing the largest amount of work in his line in the city. He is located on Walnut street, which has a fifty foot front and two hundred feet deep. He is 'employing as high as sixty hands, doing work for all parts of the Union—for the leading brewers of Cincinnati and other large cities as far south as Texas and as far north as Chicago, and east New York. Messrs. Schreiber & Sons are now putting up new additions to their business, and when finished, will be the most complete foundry of the kind in the west. Mr. Schreiber was at an early day engaged also in manufacturing fencing-swords, of which art he was one of the best. He has been a member of the Turners for the last thirty-one years. George P. Bihn, potter, McMicken avenue, was born in Cincinnati, and is the son of the late Andrew Bihn, who was born in Germany, where he learned his trade as a potter, and about 1843 came to Cincinnati and established in business in 1844, near where the Jackson brewery is now located. He continued in business until about 1854, when he commenced the pottery business now carried on by his son, and continued it up till the time of his death, which occurred May 23, 1875, in his sixty-first year. He was, perhaps, at his death, the oldest potter in the city. He was an industrious and honest man. By his hard labor he had accumulated a good property. Our subject was educated in the pottery business under his father, and has followed the business ever since he was able to work. He is making good work, and has been very successful in the business. He has one kiln which has a large capacity, making a specialty in the manufacture of flower pots for the nursery trade. Mueller & Froelking, proprietors of the Main Street brewery, which may be mentioned among the successful breweries of Cincinnati and one of the oldest in the city. Michael Mueller, the senior member of the firm, was born in Germany, where he learned his trade as a brewer. In 1856 he came to Cincinnati and entered the employ of the breweries here, and worked in the leading breweries of the city, being foreman of the Jackson brewery for a number of years. Learning the full history of the brewery business (being a very successful foreman) he entered business for himself, and since than, we may safely say, he has done exceedingly well, placing the Main Street brewery beer among the best manufactured in the city. They employ twenty-five hands, with a capacity of HISTORY OF CINCINNATI, OHIO - 529 five thousand barrels of beer, finding sale for it principally in the city. Mr. August Froelking entered the partnership in 1879. He has for a number of years been one of Cincinnati's prominent merchants. M. Butz, foreman of Walker's brewery, is a native of Germany, and at the age of fifteen he began to learn his trade as a brewer, following the business in his native country until 1866. He came to America and landed in New York city, thence to Ohio, and worked in several places in Morrow and Lancaster until 1869, when he came to Cincinnati, where he worked in one of the leading breweries for some twelve months, when he returned to Lancaster, Ohio, remaining there about one year, and than returned to Cincinnati. Since then he has worked in the leading breweries of this city. He also worked a short time in Louisville, Kentucky. In 1879 he connected himself with the present brewery, and to-day is its honored foreman, where he is giving the best of satisfaction, and has the good will of the men under his charge. August Forn, foreman of the Gambrinus Stock Company brewery, is a native of Germany. When he was near sixteen years of age he began to learn his trade as a brewer, which business he has followed ever since. In 1869 he came to America and landed in New York city, and thence to Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, where he worked in the brewery business a short time, and then went to Lexington, Missouri. From Lexington he came to Cincinnati, working here in the brewery business several years. He then went to Lafayette, Indiana, remaining there some fifteen months, when he returned to Cincinnati, and soon after entered the employ of the Gambrinus Stock company, and since 1876 he has been the foreman of this establishment, which position he is filling with acknowledged ability. Jacob Muth, foreman of the Schmidt & Brother brewery, is a native of Germany, and at sixteen years of age began to learn the brewery business. In 186o he came to the United States, and his first work was in a brewery in Covington, Kentucky. Remaining there several months he came to Cincinnati and soon after worked in Herancourt's brewery, where he remained for some twelve years altogether. Afterwards he entered into the brewery business for himself in Crawfordsville, Indiana, where he remained for some three years. Returning to Cincinnati he entered the brewery trade, and soon after came to the present brewery, where he was made its foreman, which position he is now filling with satisfaction to all. Adolph Speidle, foreman of Lackman's brewery, is a native of Germany, where he, at sixteen years of age, began to learn his trade as a brewer. In 1864 he came to the. United States, settling in Cincinnati, and entered the employ of one of the large breweries, where he worked some nine months, and then to J. C. Sohn & Co.'s brewery, remaining in their employ over five years, when he entered the. Klotter Sons' brewery, where he remained for some eleven years, the last few years filling the position of foreman of that establishment, In 1881 he took charge of Lackm an's brewery as foreman, where he is giving the best of satisfaction, being recognized as a practical and a first-class brewerman. I. Grimm, manufacturer of malt-kilns and all kinds of iron work; brewers' iron work a specialty. He com menced to work at his trade in Cincinnati in 1866; since then, by hard work and good management, in 1873 entered business for himself; and he now employs ten men, doing a leading business. He has done work for the most of the breweries of Cincinnati, and always gives the best of satisfaction both in price and quality of work. Mr. Grimm has furnished work for brewers in different cities of the country : Dayton, Hamilton, Atlanta, Louisville, Frankfort and other cities. Christopher Liebel, foreman of C. Windish Muhlhauser & Bro.'s brewery, was born in Bavaria, Germany, where he, at sixteen years of age, began to learn his trade as a brewer. In 1868 he came to the United States and landed in New York city, thence directly to Cincinnati and entered the employ of the Lion brewery from there. He worked in the western brewery and then returned to the Lion brewery, and for three years was foreman in the malt cellar ; from this he was made foreman of the brewery, where he has given the best of satisfaction, gaining the respect of the men under his employ, and is considered one of the leading foremen of the breweries. John Daller, retired jewelryman, was born in Germany on the fourth of November, 1814, came to the United States and landed in New Orleans in 1838, thence to Cincinnati, Ohio. Arriving here in February of the same year, he began the watch-making business, being the first regular watch-maker to locate in Cincinnati. He commenced business on Vine street, opposite the place now carried on by his son. Here he remained for some four years, when he moved to the old stand, where he remained in active business up to 1865, when he retired; the business has been carried on by his son, Joseph, in a profitable way. Mr. Daller was married in Cincinnati, to Theresa Kiehl, of Germany; by the union they have two children. Mr. Daller has resided in Dayton, Kentucky, since 1878, but he spent a portion of his time with his son on Vine street. A. Weizeneker, business, grocer, on Vine street, was born in Baden, Germany, February 10, 1819; learned his trade as a tailor. In 1838 he came to America and landed in New Orleans, thence to St. Louis, Missouri, where he remained until 1842, when he came to Cincinnati and commenced to work at his trade in the tailor•• ing and clothing store on Broadway, where he continued in business for some five years, when he moved to Vine street and entered the dry goods business which he continued for a number of years; then entered his present business which has continued since. Mr. Weizeneker was married in St. Louis to Miss Salma Lawrence, by whom he has had six children. J. H. Licht, manufacturer of pipes, was born in Bavaria, Germany, December 9, 1807; came to the United States and landed in New York city in 1838, thence to Georgetown, Ohio, where he remained a short time and then came to Cincinnati in 1838, where he has been engaged in working at his trade as a turner in fancy articles. He 530 - HISTORY OF CINCINNATI, OHIO commenced on Abigail street, thence to Vine street, thence to Main, when he returned to Vine street, and has remained here ever since. Mr. Licht was married in Germany, where he lost his first wife; he was remarried in Cincinnati, to Louisa Beierly, of Germany. He has two children by his first wife and one by his present wife. Henry Hasebrock, merchant tailor, was born in the kingdom of Hanover, Germany, December 14, 1824. He came to the United States, landing in Baltimore July 5, 1848, and thence came to Cincinnati, arriving here July 28, 1848. He came here in meagre circumstances, and went to work at his trade, which he had learned in Germany. Mr. Hasebrock has continued at this trade ever since, and with industry and good management has accumulated a good property. He married, in 1848, Miss Christina Lendermann. She died, and in 185o he married his present wife, nee Miss Johanna Beckenbush, a native of Holland. Mr. Hasebrock started in business, for himself in 1865, and has been located at his present stand since 1874. He made a visit to his old home in Germany in 1874, where he found but few of his old associates. Mr. Hasebrock is a well known business man of Cincinnati, being universally esteemed for his integrity and honesty. J. C. Wiechelmann, saloonist, was born in the duchy of Oldenburg, Germany, in February, 1817. He sailed for America in 1834 and landed in Baltimore. He, with a party of sixteen others, journeyed on foot as far as Wheeling, and there took a steamer for Cincinnati, arriving at his destination in June, 1834. He went to work on the canal, at twelve dollars per month and board ; then worked on a canal in Alabama ; returned to Cincinnati and worked in a brick-yard; thence went to Lexington, Kentucky, working on a turnpike; then worked in a hotel on Main street, Cincinnati; took a trip to Natchez, Mississippi, working on the Jackson railroad; and finally returned to Cincinnati, and was engaged as a private coachman, which occupation he followed for five years. In 1845 by hard work and good management he had saved a little money, and decided to invest it in the saloon business. He opened a saloon at No. 99, Court street, thence moved to the corner of Central avenue and Liberty street, living there three years, and in 1850 occupied his present stand, where he has continued ever since, and is one of the oldest saloonists on the street. He keeps a respectable and orderly place. He is a member of the German Pioneer association. He married, in Cincinnati, Miss Mary Brocker, a native of Germany. She came here in 1840, and died in 1851. Mr. Wiechelmann married for his second wife Catharine Wiegers, a German. He is the father of five children, two by his first wife, and three by his second. Peter Dater was born in Bavaria, December 25, 1819. He came to the United States, landing in Philadelphia, in 1829, thence he came to Ohio, locating in Brown county, where he remained a short time, and then came to Cincinnati, arriving here in 1829. Shortly after coming here he entered the grocery business in company with his brother, in which occupation he continued for about four years, when he entered the produce business, shipping his goods to a southern market. Mr. Dater was a soldier in the late war, having served in the one hundred days' service, and was honorably discharged. He married, in Cincinnati, Miss Catharine Hasch. His wife having died, he married his present wife, nee Miss Barbara Schwab. William Riedlin, is a native of Germany. He moved to Cincinnati in 1870, where he engaged at his trade, blacksmithing, which he followed for several years. In 1877 he started the Tivoli, which has been conducted very successfully under his management. He gives a free concert every Sunday afternoon and evening, always furnishing good music. He has at present engaged the Great Western band, which is recognized as one of the best bands in the United States. The main hall is forty-eight by eighty feet. The garden is well patronized by the public, and is a quiet, respectable resort. The Trivoli is rented for balls, and some of the leading societies and clubs of Cincinnati hold their balls there. Francis Threm, manufacturer of wooden faucets, mallets, ten-pins, balls, etc, No. 598 Walnut street, was born in Prussia in 1822, where he learned his trade as a wood-turner. In 1844 he came to America, landed in New York city, and came direct to Cincinnati, where he worked at his trade until 1846 when he began his present business, and has been located at the same stand during the last twenty years. Mr. Threm married in Cincinnati, Isebella Dinis, a native of Germany, and by her has six children. Mr. Threm has in his employment at the present time from ten to twelve hands. His work is of the very best quality and always gives satisfaction. Mr. George Emig was born in Bavaria, Germany, December 14, 1846. Came to America with his parents, brothers, and sister in 1852, landing in New Orleans March 14th. Six weeks after the family arrived in that city the father died with yellow fever. After a stay of two years in New Orleans the family came to Cincinnati, Ohio. Here the subject of this sketch attended public school until he was ten years old, when necessity compelled him to work. His first engagement was with Waters & Barrett, washboard factory. During the winter he attended night school, where he received most of his education. His next work was with James L. Haven & Co., iron foundry and machine shop, Liberty street, east of Broadway. Here he remained until his employers burned out, when he worked at boot and shoe tap fitting until Haven & Co. started their new place on Second street, between Elm and Plum. He remained with Haven & Co. until 1863, when, his apprenticeship being completed, he engaged with the Cincinnati type foundry. From there he went to work for Day & Lee, machine shop, corner. Walnut street and McMicken avenue. April, 1865, he engaged with Hollingshade & Morire, bolt and nut works, Second street, between Elm and Plum; afterwards changed to Thomas Phillips, and succeeded by L. M. Dayton. In 187o Mr. Emig was promoted by Mr. Dayton to superintendent, which position he still holds. During Mr. Emig's early life as a machinist he attended the Ohio Mechanics' Institute School of Design, where he learned mechanical drawing. APPENDIX. The following addition to the chapter on Religion was received too late for insertion in its proper place: The Catholic churches of the Mill Creek valley, formerly in Mill Creek township, but now within the city limits, are: St. Boniface, of Cumminisville, which was built by the Franciscan Fathers of Vine and Liberty, the Reverend G. Topmoeller having now been in charge for a period of about ten years. It has a large congregation, and also a large parochial school. St. Patrick's, of Cumminisville, the church building having been erected by Rev. D. B. Walker, the present pastor being the Reverend P. Mazurett. The Sacred Heart of Jesus, at Camp Washington, was built by Rev. H. Kemper, the present pastor being the Rev. Henry Paul. The following notices were received too late for insertion in their proper place in the chapter on Education: HISTORY OF THE SIXTH DISTRICT SCHOOL. This school is located in the northern part of the city, about a block and a half north of Music hall, at the intersection of Elm and Adams streets. The school-lot, which has a frontage of ninety feet on Elm street and a depth of one hundred and ninety-eight feet on Adams street, cost fourteen thousand dollars. The school-house was erected during the years 1855-56. It is a very substantial and fine-looking brick edifice, four and a half stories high, and contains twenty-four rooms, which have a capacity for seating one thousand four hundred and forty-two pupils. The original cost of erection, including also that of a subsequent remodelling, was thirty-six thousand three hundred and forty-eight dollars. The present school was organized out of the surplus pupils of the adjacent districts—the Tenth, the Eleventh, and the Thirteenth, and went into operation on January 5,1857. It numbered at that time about one thousand pupils. The present boundaries of the district are as follows: the west side of Vine street on the east, the east side of John street on the west, the south sides of Green and Liberty streets on the north, and the north sides of Fifteenth, Fourteenth, Ann, and Betts streets. The first principal of the school was Mason D. Parker, who was transferred to the position from a similar one in the Tenth district. He continued in charge of the school until the beginning of the school-year 1858, when he was transferred to the principalship of the Second intermediate schools, and his position in the Sixth district was filled by the appointment of William E. Crosby. The latter remained in charge of the school until October, 1865, when he was transferred to the First intermediate school as principal; and N. K. Royse succeeded to the position thus vacated. This completes the list of administrative changes experienced by the school, the last-named principal being in charge at the present writing. ST. XAVIER COLLEGE. St. Xavier grew out of an institution founded in 1831 by the first bishop of Cincinnati, the Right Rev. E. D. Fenwick, and named by him the Athenaeum. At the time of its transfer to the Society of Jesus, the Athenaeum was half college, half seminary, the seminarians assisting in the care and instruction of the other pupils. The institution had, during the nine years of its existence, been only partially successful, and it was the earnest hope of friends and patrons that the putting of it into the hands of the Jesuits would establish it on a firmer basis and give it new life and vigor. If we may credit the city journals of the period, their hopes were from the outset realized to the full. It was in 1840 that Archbishop Purcell addressed his invitation to the fathers of the Society of Jesus to come to Cincinnati. They eagerly responded to the call, and Rev. J. A. Elet, with six companions, made up the first deputation. The earliest care of the new faculty was to have the institution incorporated by the general assembly of the State of Ohio. The Athenaeum then became St. Xavier college, and the Rev. Father John Elet was appointed its first president. We cannot hope to interest the public with the details of St. Xavier's, and we will, therefore, be contented with its very general outlines. Few institutions of forty years' standing will truthfully boast a career of unmingled prosperity. It is safe to say that St. Xavier has met with a large measure of success. Its beginnings, as we have stated, were eminently auspicious. At the close of the sixth year of its existence its catalogue counted two hundred and seventy students. The number was at that period made up both of boarders and day scholars. Later, about the year 1853, after the presidency of Rev. George Carrel, S. J., and his elevation to the episcopate as first bishop of Covington, the college ceased to receive boarders. The decade following was a period of some gloom in the history of the institution, noticeable in a sensible decline in the number of students. Scarcity of funds, too, operated as an obstacle to greater capabilities and usefulness—for it must be borne in mind that no State aid has ever been given St. Xavier's, and that it has depended almost entirely on the tuition fees received from its scholars. However, the college bore up bravely through all adverse circumstances, and from 1866 onward has witnessed some of its palmiest days. In that year was - 531 - 532 - HISTORY OF CINCINNATI, OHIO. erected the handsome edifice standing on the corner of Seventh and Sycamore streets. Of its later history we need say nothing. "Old St. Xavier" is a name that is to-day in many mouths, and that awakens pleasant recollections in many hearts. It has educated hundreds in the city which it adorns. Its graduates are to be found in honored places on the bench and at the bar. The medical profession counts many of them among its members, some well known to fame, and others fast rising into prominence. To ministers of the religion it professes it has given birth by scores. But we can give no more practical illustration of its work as an educational institute, than by presenting to the public its course of studies. We do this for the classical course only, observing that the commercial course, designed to qualify young men for the various branches of business life, is conducted on the same general plan as far as this is consistent with the different studies pursued therein. The following notices, if received in time, would have been included in the chapter on banking and insurance: Cincinnati Equitable Fire Insurance company, No. 169 Race street. This company was chartered in 1829—the first in Cincinnati. The plan is mutual and equitable, as well as virtually perpetual. Risks are taken on brick or stone buildings in Hamilton county for a period of seven years, at about the same rate of premium as the other companies, and at the expiration of the term the policy will be renewed, if desired, for seven years, and for as many periods of seven years as the holder may wish ; or if the depositor wishes to cancel his policy at the termination of any period of seven years, the whole deposit, or premium, will be returned. The present deposits, which are held subject to the order of the depositors, amount to one hundred and ninety thousand dollars, the interest on which, by judicious investment and careful discrimination in taking risks, has accumulated a surplus of over one hundred and thirty thousand dollars, which, with the aid of our efficient fire department, will render it improbable that any assessment will be made to pay losses —one small one, only, having been made in the last thirty years. It cannot be denied that it is as safe, and certainly the most economical mode of insurance on first class risks in the world. It simply costs the insured the use of the deposit, and, in case of loss, there is no deduction in the amount of deposit or insurance. Every member of the first board of directors of this company has passed away long since, but there are a very few of the members who have served over forty years. The incorporators were : Ezekiel Hall, John Jolly, John Wood, Joseph T. Hodgson, Henry Miller, Henry Gassaway, William Burke, John Duval, Stephen Burrows, Benjamin Mason, William Barr, and Oliver M. Spencer, and they formed the first board of directors. The names of the present board of directors are: R. R. Springer, S. S. Smith (the two oldest members in the board), George Crawford, William H. Harrison, Charles Andress, James Gilmore, M. B. Hagans, William Woods, William H. Allen, Jacob Seasongood, George Wilshire, and John Carlisle. S. S. Smith, president; T. S. Goodman, secretary and treasurer; Charles H. Baldwin, assistant secretary and surveyor. This was the first local company formed in Cincinnati—and the only one on a similar plan. Amazon Insurance company, of Cincinnati, has the largest amount of assets of any fire insurance company organized in Ohio. Its cash capital is three hundred thousand dollars, and total assets six hundred and five thousand three hundred and seventeen dollars. The stockholders, although the capital is full paid, are, under the laws of Ohio, individually liable for an additional equal to their stock. Since its organization in 1871, the Amazon has paid losses amounting to two million, eight hundred and fifty thousand dollars. The company's office building is at No. 26o Vine street. The president is Gazzam Gano, and the secretary is J. H. Beatie. The Union Central life insurance company, which is domiciled in its own elegant building at the corner of Fourth and Central avenue, was organized in 1867, and having outlived and absorbed all other Cincinnati life insurance companies, is now the sole representative of Cincinnati enterprise and capital in that line. And it is one to be proud of, its history being a continuous record of the triumphs of correct insurance principles, judicious enterprise, faithful management, and growing patronage. Through these the Union Central has been brought to the highest point of excellence as regards strength, soundness, promptness, reliability and popularity, all desirable elements in an institution of its class, and possessed by it in a degree that gives it rank among the first life insurance companies of the country. The special features of excellence in the system adopted by the company confirm it in this position. The company since its organization has paid out in death losses and matured endowments about one million dollars. John Cochnower, president; John M. Pattison, vice-president; E. P. Marshall, secretary; Jesse R. Clark, cashier; John Davis, M. D., and William B. Davis, M. D., medical directors; Matthews, Ramsey & Matthews, counsel; John Cochnower, John Davis, M. D., William B. Davis, M. D., J. W. Weakly, D. D., William Glenn, of William Glenn & Son, wholesale grocers, N. W. Harris, late secretary Union Central Lifc Insurance company, William M. Ramsey, of Matthews, Ramsey & Matthews, J. M. Pattison, of Yaple, Moos & Pattison, attorneys, Jesse R. Clark, M. Cassat, M. D., R. S. Rust, D. D., corresponding secretary Freedmen's Aid society, Cincinnati, Ohio, Hon. Peter Murphy, banker, Hamilton, Ohio, W. G. Williams, M. D., Delaware, Ohio, directors. Mr. Cochnower was the first president of the Union Central Life Insurance company, of Cincinnati, Ohio, and has occupied that position during the existence of the company, except two years, when Mr. John M. Phillips was president. He has lived in Cincinnati since his eighth year, now more than a half century past, and has been one of our most enterprising and successful business men, noted for his integrity, energy and perseverance, and for his warm and liberal interests in charitable, religious and public affairs. Hon. John M. Pattison is the vice-president of the Union Central Life Insurance company, of Cincinnati, HISTORY OF CINCINNATI, OHIO - 533 Ohio. He is a member of the eminent law firm of Yaple, Moss & Pattison, and served as a member of the Ohio legislature to the credit of himself and his constituents. He was the attorney of the committee of safety, an organization composed of the leading business men and capitalists of our city, and has been identified with all the important reforms in our municipal government that have been attempted during the last several years. The name of Law has long been prominent in the insurance business in Cincinnati. Dr. John S. Law was appointed Cincinnati agent for the Royal Insurance company of London and Liverpool, England, in 1852, and he and his son have held this post ever since. Dr Law was the first representative of this company in the west, and one of the three agents first appointed in the United States. His son, Mr. John H. Law, began in the business of insurance in 1852, in the office of his father. Here he remained until 1857, when he entered business on his own account, as agent for the Howard, Mercantile, and Commonwealth of New York. This agency continued until 1871, when Mr. Law formed a partnership with his father under the name of Law & Son, which lasted until the death of Dr. Law in 1877. Since then Mr. Law has conducted the business alone. In 1868 he was appointed the first agent of the Imperial of London. He is now general agent or manager for the Royal, of England, for the States of Ohio, Indiana, and West Virginia, and for the London and Lancashire for the same territory; and for the United Fireman's, and Fire Association, of Philadelphia, and British America, of Toronto, Canada, for the States of Ohio and Indiana. In this field for these companies Mr. Law has six hundred agents, whose premiums amount annually to four hundred thousand dollars. Mr. Law represents a greater number of companies as general agent than any other underwriter in the west. Under his guidance the companies he represents are securing a constantly increasing business, and his general agency ranks among the leading offices of Cincinnati. Isaac H. Turrell, principal of the Fourth district school, was born in Franklin county, Indiana, December 17, 1839, and received his early education in a country district school. He was fortunate, however, at this time in having for his school-master William Cumback, then a rising young pedagogue, but afterwards member of Congress and lieutenant-governer of the State. Mr. Turrell subsequently attended Springfield academy, at Mount Carmel, Indiana, where he began the study of Latin and Greek under the supervision of George A. Chase, now principal of Louisville female seminary. M. Louisa Chitwood was at that time a student in the academy; she was a very attractive girl of about sixteen years, and always had an original poem to read on Friday afternoons — or composing day. She afterwards contributed to the leading literary magizines of the day. George D. Prentice, then editor of the Louisville Journal, esteemed her very highly, visited her at her home in Mount Carmel, and after her death, at the age of twenty-two, edited a volume of her poems. While at the acad emy Mr. Turrell devoted his leisure moments to literature and the study of languages, but about the year 1859 he decame interested in mathematics, chiefly through the mathematicl department of the Indiana School Journal, then conducted by W. D. Henkle. In the year 1862, after having prepared himself for the junior class in a university, he enlisted in the Eighty-fourth Indiana volunteer infantry, then just organizing, and remained in active service until the close of the war. In the spring of 1866 he was mustered out, "his services being no longer required." He has been a contributor to several mathematical publications, which are devoted to the higher branches of science. ERRATA. Page 9—Second column, twentieth line, for "places," read "planes." Page 10—Sixth line, for the second "in," read " is" ; second column, twenty-fourth line from the bottom, for "district," read "distinct." Page 12—Second column, seventh line from the bottom, for "1848," read "1847." Page 15—Thirty-second line, for "Fourth," read "Twelfth"; second column, twenty-ninth line, for "1794," read "1793." Page 16—First column, fifth line from the bottom, for " Indian," read "English." Page 17—Sixteenth line, for "Mound," read "Main." Page 21—Second column, eleventh line from the bottom, for "William," read "Cyrus." Page 35—Eighteenth line, for " Lutner," read "Luther." Page 37—Second column, thirtieth line from the bottom, for "route," read "fort"; eleventh line, for "September," read "August "; eleventh line, for "Western," read " Eastern." Page 45—Second column, twenty-third line from the bottom, for "Williamson," read "Wilkinson." Page 47—Seventeenth line, for "1764," read "1794." Page 49—Second column, twenty-fifth line from the bottom, for " William," read "James." Page 60—Second column, twenty-eighth line from the top, for "movements," read "moments." Page 80—First column, twenty-sixth line from the bottom, for "experience," read "expectation." Page 86—Third line, for "Corrington," read "Covington." Page 90—Tenth line, for "1849," read "1839;" thirty-second line, for "twenty-nine," read "twenty-six." Page 97—Second column, as the seventeenth line, insert "Eighteen hundred and forty-eight." Page 108—Eighteenth line, after "Weitzel," remove the asterisk. Page 109—Thirteenth line, between " though" and "always," read "not;" thirty-fourth line, for "first," read "fruit." Page 125—First column, tenth line from the bottom, after "fifty," insert " thousand." Page 142—Seventeenth line, for "Hetch," read "Hecht." Page 154—First column, ninth line from the bottom, for " Carter," read "Collins."    . Page 163—Second column, twenty-seventh line from the bottom, for "contest," read "contrast." Page 201 —Second column, tenth line from the bottom, for "country," read "county." Page 205—Second column, twenty-eighth line, before "1880," read "directors." Page 222—Second column, seventeenth line, for "we," read "is." Page 243--First column, seventh line from the bottom, for "west," read "east." Page 253—Second column, eleventh line, omit "four hundred and." Page 255—Second column, nineteenth line, for " Whitney," read "Whiting." Page 257—Second column, twenty-ninth line, for "by," read "be." Page 290—Second column, sixth line from the bottom, for "1815," read "1816." Page 294—Second column, nineteenth line, enclose "New Jersey" in brackets. Page 312—Thirtieth line, for "found," read "fond." Page 317—Thirtieth line, for "Hamilton," read "Hammond." Page 329—First column, sixteenth line from the bottom, for "1849," read "1840." 534 - HISTORY OF CINCINNATI, OHIO. Page 333—Second column, fourth line from the bottom, for "That year," read "The year 1873." Page 346—First column, seventh line from the bottom, for "National," read "Natural." Page 350—Thirty-first line. The general statement in the books is as here given. Drake and Mansfield, however, in their Cincinnati in 1826, say the first steamer built at the city was the Vesta, in the year 1816. Page 362—Seventeenth line, for " fire," read "fine;" ,first column, tenth line from the bottom, for " Kiljour," read "Kilgour;" second column, twenty-second line, for "pirogue," read "pirogue." Page 363—First column, twenty-ninth line from the bottom, for "games," read "game." Page 364—Fifth line, for "Odin," read "Ohio." Page 366—Second column, seventh line from the bottom, for "there,'. read " these." Page 368—Twelfth line, for "Niswell," read " Wiswell;" second column, third line, for "Sniton," read "Sinton." Page 371—Thirty-first line, read "feet," after " twenty-four ;" second column, twenty-ninth line, for "printed," read "re-printed." Page 373—Twenty-first line for " Latton's," read " Letton's;" second column, third line, for "1836," read "1834." Page 374—Second column, twenty-first line, for "Trivoli," read " Tivoli." Page 375—Fifth line, for "Heuicks," read "Heuck's." Page 377—Eleventh line, for " Coleman," read " Colera in;" second column, tenth line, for "Their," read "there;" eleventh line from the bottom, for "place," read "price." Page 378—First column, tenth line from the bottom, for "Farnshaw," read "Earnshaw;" second column, twenty-eighth line, for " Ewens,'' read "Evans." Page 379—First column, twenty-seventh line from the bottom, for "Miller," read "Muller;" twenty-sixth line, for "Rudolph," read " Randolph;" last line, for " Rieley," read " Reily." Page 380—Twenty-first line, for " Nimrur," read " Nimmo;" second column, eleventh line, for "Davis," read "Davies;" eighteenth line (also page 382, fifth line), for "Johnson," read "Johnston;" nineteenth line, add "William Means, 1881;" twenty-ninth line, for "Statton,'' read " Stratton." Page 381—Fifth line, for "Brudsall," read "Burdsall;" twenty-eighth line, for " Laffin," read "Saffin;" second column, twenty-second line, for "Gaple," read "Yaple." Page 382—First column, twentieth line from the bottom, for " undue," read "unpaid;" second column, twelfth line, for "rapidly," read "ardently." Page 383—Second line, after "necessary," insert "means;" second column, twenty-sixth line, for "eight," read "eighteen;" thirty-fifth line, for "next," read "forty-fourth." Page 384—Thirteenth line, for "the," read "two." age 388—Second column, first line, for "cause," read "cost." Page 389—Twenty-third line, for "find," read "fluid;" tenth line from the bottom, for "no," read "on." Page 390—Thirtieth line, for "neat," read "new." Page 394—Fifteenth line, for "4866," read "1866." Page 396—First column, fifth line from the bottom, for " character,' read "charter;" second column, twenty-eighth line from the bottom, for "changed," read "charged." Page 397—First column, eleventh line from the bottom, after "1826,' read " the health of ;" second column, fourth line, for "2.23," read "2,230;" tenth line, for "22,867," read "2,867." Page 398—Second column, eighth line, for "chance," read ',channel." Page 399—Second column, twentieth line from the bottom, after "five," read " hundred ;" nineteenth line, for "1859," read "1869;" second line, for " Bulloch," read "Bullock." Page 400—Twenty-fourth line, for " Convent," read "Covent;" second column, thirtieth line from the bottom, for "crowed," read " crowded." Page 402—Second column, second line from the bottom, for "Harmeyer " read "Havemeyer." Page 403--Second column, seventeenth line, for "1887," read "1877;" twenty-second and twenty-fifth lines from the bottom, for " tracts," read "tracks." Page 404—Seventeenth line, for "Sedain," read "Sedam." Page 406—Twenty-fourth, twenty-fifth, and twenty-sixth lines, before each sum read "$." Page 407 —Tenth line, for "thirty-eighty," read " thirty-eight;" second column, eleventh line from the bottom, for "note," read "vote;" sixth line, for "probable," read "probably." Page 408—Second column, fifth line from the bottom, for " writer," read "village." Page 409—Second column, sixth line, for " Hischmann," read Fleischmann." Page 410—Second column, nineteenth line, for "appear," read "appeal." Page 411—Second column, eleventh line, for "Biegler," read "Ziegler." Page 412—First line, after "which," read "was." Page 413—First column, sixth line from the bottom, for "Mr." read "Mrs."; second column, twenty-sixth line, for "mission," read " Missouri." Page 414—Second column, nineteenth line, for "Dearbon," read "Dearborn; seventh line from the bottom, for "stone," read "store." Page 415—Second column, fifth line from the bottom, for "did," read "do." Page 438—In Dr. James H. Buckner's biography, in fourth line, for " Missippi," read " Maryland;" in eighteenth line, for " Harry," read " Henry;" twentieth line, for "1827," read "1828;" in third paragraph, twelfth line, for "Otto," read "sixth." In Cyrus D. Fishburn's biography, page 44o, in third paragraph, fifth line, for "had removed," read "removed;" same paragraph, twenty-fifth line, for "were," read "proved."