300 - CINCINNATI—THE QUEEN CITY treasurer in the capacity of errand boy. A bright industrious lad, he executed the duties assigned him with such efficiency, that his employers; marking his ability and trustworthiness, advanced him to a more responsible position. They continued to promote him from time to time, in accordance with the ability he exhibited, until he attained the position he now fills. For his helpmate and companion Mr. Baker chose Miss Bessie Salt, a daughter of W. C. Salt of this city, and unto them have been born two daughters, Mary and Ruth. Their religious belief is manifested through their affiliation with the Methodist Episcopal church of Madisonville, before uniting with which they held membership in the Union Methodist Episcopal church, Mr. Baker being secretary of the board of trustees of the latter organization. He is one of Cincinnati's capable young business men, whose rapid progress would seem to predict a most promising future. JOSEPH WILSHIRE. Joseph Wilshire, manager of the yeast department of The Fleischmann Company of Cincinnati and one of the active and progressive young business men of the city, was born in Cincinnati, December 18, 1880. He is of English ancestry, the early members of the family in America arriving in this country many years ago. His parents are J. W. and Ada (Van Hamm) Wilshire. The father came to Cincinnati from Urbana, Ohio, about 1861. He enlisted in the Union army at the time of the Civil war and was honorably discharged as captain. He is a general business man and is now secretary of the Waterproof Paper Company of this city. He is a valued member of the Loyal Legion and for nearly fifty years has been identified with the development of the busness interests of this city. Mr. Wilshire of this review received his early education in the public schools and ever since leaving school has been connected with The Fleischmann Company, having entered its employ packer and yeast cutter when he was sixteen years of age. In 1900 he became a clerk in the general office and two years later was promoted to the position of traveling salesman. After three years of valuable experience on the road he was sent to the City of Mexico as general agent for the company and managed its affairs in that city to such excellent advantage that in 1907 he was invited to Cincinnati and made assistant manager of the yeast department, being promoted to his present position in 1909. His patrons have found him courteous, and through his well directed efforts the efficiency and reputation of the department have been largely increased. On the 6th of August, 1907, Mr. Wilshire was married, at Bar Harbor, Maine, to Miss Helen Seely, a daughter of the late W. W. Seely, of this city. Mrs. Seely is still living and makes her home at Bar Harbor. Politically Mr. Wilshire is: a stanch supporter of the republican party. He is very prominent in club circles and is now serving as governor of the Queen City Club. He is also a member of the Business Men's Club, the Cincinnati Country Club and the Cincinnati Riding Club, being a trustee of the latter organization. He is, moreover, CINCINNATI—THE QUEEN CITY - 301 a life member of the Cincinnati Gymnasium and can claim many warm friends in the organizations with which he is connected. A successful man in business, he has accumulated a competency by honorable methods and is justly entitled to the high respect in which he is held by his associates. EMIL POLLAK. The iron industries of Cincinnati find a very competent and successful representative in the person of Emil Pollak, president of The Pollak Steel Company, which firm is engaged in the operation of large mills at Carthage, North Cincinnati. He is a native of Vienna, Austria, his birth having there occurred December 17, 1846. In 1864 the parents emigrated to the United States with their family, coming directly to Cincinnati, where for many years the father, Moritz Pollak, was engaged in the grocery business. Emil Pollak spent the first seventeen years of his life in his native land, in whose schools he acquired his education. Before attaining his majority he engaged in the iron business with Joseph Block, now of Chicago, their establishment being located on West Water street. They were associated together for twenty-six years, but in 1891 incorporated under the name of Block-Pollak Iron Company, with a capital stock of six hundred thousand dollars, Emil Pollak being made president. Since incorporating, they have erected their present forge and mill at Carthage, where they give employment to four hundred workmen. In 1911 the company was reincorporated in Ohio as The Pollak Steel Company, with Emil Pollak, president ; Maurice E. Pollak, vice president ; Bernard E. Pollak, treasurer and general manager ; and Julian A.. Pollak, secretary.. For almost a half century this company has been in existence and it has made constant and permanent advancement, having been started on a very small scale. New Orleans was the scene of the marriage of Mr. Pollak to Miss Carrie Benjamin, a daughter of Jacob and Jeanette (Lehman) Benjamin, of that city. Five children have been born of this union, the order of their birth being as follows. Celia P. is the wife of Senator Edgar M. Johnson, of Cincinnati, and has two sons, Edgar M. and Laurence P. Maurice E., who is engaged in business with his father, also has two children, May and Jaynes E. Meta is the wife of Irwin Bettman, of St. Louis, and has three .children, Emily, Irwin and Louis. Bernard E., who is also in business with his father, has two children, Gertrude and Emil. Julian A., the youngest of the family, is now serving as secretary of the company. Mr. Pollak is one of the prominent citizens of Cincinnati, and is deeply interested in the educational development of the city. He is a trustee of the University of Cincinnati, and since 1905 he has been a member-at-large of the board of education. He also serves on the board of governors of the Union Hebrew College, in addition to which he sits in the Union Board of High Schools of Cincinnati. As a director of the National Citizens League he is active in the promotion of a sound banking system. He is a member of Plum. Street Temple, and devotes considerable time and money .to charitable work. At the present time he is also serving as president of the. Jewish Home for the Aged and Infirm. 302 - CINCINNATI—THE QUEEN CITY Progressive and public-spirited, he takes an active interest in the development and advancement of the city's interests and is a member of the Chamber of Commerce and of the Business Men's Club, while his affiliations of a more social nature are with the Phoenix and Cincinnati Clubs. He is a most estimable man and during the long period of his residence in the city has become recognized not only as a capable business man but as a most desirable citizen, being yeady. to assist in promoting every movement for the community's welfare. CAPTAIN GORDON C. GREENE. Captain Gordon C. Greene is one of the most important men connected with the river traffic in Cincinnati. He was one of the organizers and is now general manager of the Cincinnati, Pomeroy & Charleston Packet Company and manager of the Greene Packet Company. His birth occurred in Washington c0unty, Ohio, on the 8th of September, 1862, his parents being Christopher and Mary. (Wood) Greene. He is descended from the Greene family of Rhode Island, which from Revolutionary days to the present has furnished many men prominent in national, affairs. The descendants of these colonial sires have collected and printed the records of the family in the Greene Genealogy which can be found in most important public and historical libraries. John Greene, the great-grandfather of our subject, came with his son John from Rhode Island to Ohio at an early day, making the journey by river and canal. Christopher Greene, the father of Captain Greene, was born at Newport, Washington county, Ohio in 1809, and for many years acted as a pilot on the river, being connected with the river traffic until about forty years of age. It was his custom to. take flatboats down the river loaded with produce for New Orleans. This method of transportation and commerce was a very important branch of river traffic in those days and even until a comparatively recent date, for our subject engaged in this work in his earlier years. After abandoning the river traffic Christopher Greene followed farming until called to his final rest in 1896. Unto him and his wife, who was a daughter of James Wood of Pleasant county, West Virginia, were born five children, namely : Lydia, Libby, Caroline, Gordon C. and Joseph. Gordon C. Greene attended the public schools until sixteen years of age and then began following the river, making several trips in flatboats. Subsequently he became familiar with the river traffic as a pilot from Pittsburg, Pennsylvania, to Louisville, acting in that 'capacity for twenty years or until he had attained the age of forty-one. The first boat of which he became the owner was the H. K. Bedford, which he ran from Pittsburg to Wheeling for five years and then fr0m Pittsburg to Charleston, West Virginia, for a similar period. Subsequently he built the boat named the Greenwood, having sold the H. K. Bedford. After running between Pittsburg and Charleston for seven or eight years he purchased -several boats from Captain Laidley and in 1904, in association with Captain W. E. Roe, organized the Cincinnati, Pomeroy & Charleston Packet Company. Captain Roe sold his interest the second year and since that time Captain Greene has been general manager of the company. Before buying these boats from CINCINNATI—THE QUEEN CITY - 303 Captain Laidley they had built the Greenland which they were running between Pittsburg and Charleston with their other boats. This line was called the Greene Packet Company and is under the management of Captain Greene. As a companion and helpmate on the journey of life Captain Greene chose Miss Mary Becker, a daughter of Peter and Rhoda Becker, of Washington county, Ohio. After their marriage and for a period of seventeen years they made their home on the river, first. on the H. K. Bedford and later on the Greenwood and Greenland. During this period Mrs. Greene took great interest in river navigation and in 1893 was granted a pilot's license and in 1896, after a rigid examination, was given a captain's license.. On account of the increase of the fleet Captain Greene found it necessary to remain ashore and Mrs. Greene assumed full command. She was captain of the Argand for about one year and of the Greenland for about eight years. During the World's Fair at St. Louis she made several trips from Cincinnati to St. Louis, carrying passengers only. In 1907 Mrs. Greene retired from the river and they made their home at Hyde Park in order to better educate their children. Their union has been blessed with three children, namely : Wilkins, Christopher and Thomas. The eldest died at the age of nine years. The parents are devoted and consistent members of the Knox Presbyterian church at Hyde Park. Captain Greene's life has been characterized by principles that command respect and in all his dealings he has shown a probity that reflects upon him the highest credit. MEYER L. HEIDINGSFELD, PH. B., M. D. Dr. Meyer L. Heidingsfeld, professor of dermatology in the medical department of the University of Cincinnati, comes of worthy German ancestry and the characteristics of patience, perseverance and indomitable will which are so prominent in the Teutonic race have assisted him very materially in gaining a reputation as one of the leading dermatologists of the country. He was born in Greenfield, Highland county, Ohio, September 6, 1871, a son of Samuel and Ida Heidingsfeld, who emigrated to America. in their youth. The father was at one time a manufacturer in Portsmouth, Ohio, but devoted the best years of his life to mercantile pursuits in Greenfield. He. was always .a strong advocate of higher education and gave his children , the best advantages that his means could afford. The Doctor is the second in order of birth in a family of four children. His older brother, after receiving a careful training in the best American colleges, became a successful practicing attorney and is today the legal representative of the largest theatrical interests of America. During his boyhood Dr. Heidingsfeld attended the common schools and was graduated from ,the Greenfield high school in 1889. He pursued his education further at the niyersity of Michigan and there received the degree of Bachelor of Philosophy in 1893. He also pursued his medical studies in the same institution and subsequently matriculated in the Medical College of Ohio, graduating with the degree of M. D. in 1895. After serving two years as resident interne at the Cincinnati Hospital he devoted a year to bacteriological and pathological work in the University of Goettingen. After this preliminary training he took up the 304 - CINCINNATI—THE QUEEN CITY special study of dermatology at Berlin, Vienna, Paris and London and served as first assistant to Max Joseph in Berlin for almost an entire year in 1899. He then took up the practice of dermatology in Cincinnati in January, 1900, and served first as clinical instructor and subsequently as professor of dermatology in various medical schools and clinics in this city, among others the Ohio Medical College, the Miami Medical College, the Laura Memorial Women's Medical College and the medical department of the University of Cincinnati. His office is now located in suites 81 and 82, No. 19 West Seventh street and he is now occupant of the chair of dermatology at the Medical College of Ohio and is dermatologist of the Cincinnati Hospital, the Jewish Hospital and Speer's Hospital. He possesses one of the most complete private dermatological libraries in this country and he organized and served as president of the dermatological section of the Ohio Medical Association. The Doctor is a member of the. Academy of Medicine of Cincinnati, the Ohio State Medical Society, the American Medical Association, the Mississippi Valley Medical Association, the American Academy of Medicine and the Omega Upsilon Phi, a medical fraternity. The respect in which he is held by his fellow practitioners is indicated by the fact that he is president of the dermatological section of the Ohio State Medical Society, secretary of the dermatological section of the American Medical Association, and also holds the position of secretary -of the medical staff of the Cincinnati Hospital. n addition to his activities in connection with American medical societies he is a member of the German Dermatological Association. Dr. Heidingsfeld is a busy man, with remarkable capacity for physical and mental effort, and is known as one of the most resolute and energetic workers in the city. He has been the architect and builder of his own fortune and his record is a notable example of what may be accomplished when the individual is prepared for responsibilities and inspired by a laudable ambition to advance. His name is now widely .known throughout the Ohio valley and the tributary region and his best advocates are his patrons. He is an accurate observer, a constant student and he belongs to that class of men who, while they live, never stop learning. Socially he is a prime favorite wherever he appears and fraternally he is identified with the Masonic order. That he has met with well deserved success is the opinion of all who know him. JAMES BURTON DOAN. The life record of James Burton Doan is a notable example of merit winning success. From the bottom of the ladder of business he has worked his way upward, until his position as vice president and general manager of The American Tool Works Company gives him prestige as one of the prominent representatives of industrial life in Cincinnati. Machine-tool manufacturing ranks first among the industrial interests here represented and he whose name introduces this review has been an active factor in winning for his company a prominent position. Cincinnati numbers many of her successful business men among her native sons. Of this class Mr. Doan is a representative, his birth having here occurred on the 21st of October, 1870. His father, James Burton Doan, Sr., is still living CINCINNATI—THE QUEEN CITY - 305 and now occupies a position in the internal revenue office here. The son spent his youthful clays under the parental roof and at the usual age went to the public schools, therein passing through consecutive grades until he entered the Woodward high school. He did not complete the high-school course, however, but in 1888 put aside his text-books to enter in the Capacity of office boy in the service of Lodge, Davis & Company, the predecessors of the American Tool Company. From that position he has steadily worked his way upward by merit and deter- . urination. He recognized the fact that industry and integrity win promotion and in this way he gained advancement step by step.' From 1893 until 1902 he was manager of the Chicago branch of the business and in the latter. year returned to Cincinnati to become general manager at this point, and in 1905. was also elected vice president. As is, the history of many business houses all days have not been equally bright,. and The American Tool Works. Company has at times had a struggle to maintain a place in business circles but the men who are at its head have managed to turn .threatened defeats into victories and the company is today one of the very. largest machine tool builders of. this city. It has built up a world reputation for the excellence of its product and its lathes, planers, shapers, and radials are of the highest standard manufactured in the United States, and they are shipped to all parts of the civilized world. n the conduct of the business .Mr. Doan has associated with him a number. of business men whose connection with it give to the company high standing. Its other officers are : Franklin Alter, president ; Henry. Luers, treasurer ; A. E. Robinson, general superintendent ; and Robert S. .Alter, secretary. Mr. Doan is a member of the Cincinnati Business, Men's Club, the Automobile Club, and the Cincinnati Commercial Association. While he has keen appreciation for the social amenities of life he never allows outside interests to interfere with business affairs. The methods which he has employed are in close conformity to the highest standards of commercial ethics and by reason of determination and ability he has steadily worked his way upward, his labors contributing in large measure to the substantial development of the business of which he is now the active manager. W. W. SCHUELER. The field of business is a limitless one and its opportunities are many, yet its prizes are only to be won at the cost of earnest, self-denying effort. This means close and unremitting- attention to the duties that devolve upon the individual, combined with an initiative spirit that formulates and carefully executes new plans. In a minor capacity W. W. Schueler entered the employ of The Kruse-Bahlmann Hardware Company with which he has been identified since 1887. His progress has been continuous and the methods that he has employed are such as any might pursue, but many lack the perseverance and determination which brings the individual to the goal 0f success that Mr. Schueler has reached. He was born in Cincinnati, March 15, 1871, and is a son of Erich R. and Hedwig Schueler, both of whom were natives of Germany. The mother died when he was a small child and the father passed away in 1896. W. W. Schueler attended 306 - CINCINNATI—THE QUEEN CITY the local schools and at the age of sixteen years entered the employ of Kruse & Bahlmann. When the firm was incorporated into The Kruse-Bahlmann Hardware Company he became one of its directors and has since been financially interested in the business. The original firm of Kruse & Bahlmann began business in a four-story building at what was No. 15 West Pearl street, just west of Main street, and were jobbers of hardware. In 1902 the business was incorporated as The Kruse-Bahlmann Hardware Company, with a capital stock of three hundred thousand dollars, and in the same year took possession of their present large plant, consisting of buildings extending from 409 to 421 East Sixth street and from 408 to 422 Pioneer street. This is the largest jobbing house in southern Ohio, conducting a wholesale trade in hardware, cutlery and sporting goods and the officers, all of whom are prominent and well known in business and financial circles, are as follows : John B. Swift, president ; Frederick Hertenstein, vice president ; J. Gordon Taylor, secretary ; Albert L. F. Claussen treasurer ; and Louis F. Giebel and W. W. Schueler, managers. The last three named are the active men in the company, having control of the business in its various departments and phases. In 1895 Mr. Schueler married Miss Marie Juilette Sconce, a daughter of George W. Sconce, of Cincinnati. Mr. Schueler has for many years been a member of the United Commercial Travelers and is popular with the members of that organization. His record commands admiration and wins for him the respect of his fellowmen. He may well be proud of the fact that the immense business of The Kruse-Bahlmann Hardware Company is now being conducted by men who as boys entered the service of the firm and worked their way upward through different positions, ability and fidelity gaining them the prominence and prosperity which is today justly theirs. WILLIAM A. LEACH. William A. Leach won for himself a creditable position in the business world and his energy and perseverance spelled success. At the same time he figured prominently in Masonic circles and in his life was actuated by a humanitarian spirit that reached out in constantly increasing helpfulness to those to whom fate seemed unkind, particularly to the children who were denied the training and the love that home life should offer. It was all these qualities that gave to Mr. Leach his firm hold on the affections of those who knew him. He was born at Wellsville, Pennsylvania, October I, 1862, and spent his boyhood days on the farm which was owned and cultivated by his father, Archibald Leach. The old homestead was located in the pine district of the state, and while performing such tasks as were assigned him by parental authority or devoting his time to the acquirement of an education, his attention was also attracted to the medicinal virtues of pine resins and gums. From time to time he experimented With these and eventually developed and perfected a medicine which he sold in neighboring parts of the state. As the value of his remedy became known and his business grew. he opened an office in Detroit in 1883 for the more extensive distribution of his preparation, there remaining until 1885, when he came to Cincinnati. Soon CINCINNATI THE QUEEN CITY - 309 afterward he went to Dayton, but in 1905 returned to Cincinnati, where he established his headquarters and rapidly built up a very large and lucrative business.. He possessed marked ability as a manager and the intelligent direction of his interests led to a constant increase in his trade and brought him in time splendid financial return. As his success increased it gave him the opportunity to aid his fellowmen—and this meant more to him than the mere acquisition of wealth. His home relations were most pleasant. He was married December 9, 1908, to Miss Sue Smith, who was born in Clinton county, Ohio, on the 15th of April, 1881. She was reared at home and pursued her education in the public and high schools and in the Friends' College at Wilmington, this state. Unto this marriage was born a son, William A., who is the comfort of his mother in her bereavement in the loss of her husband. Since his demise Mrs. Leach has taken over the management of the business and is perfectly familiar with its various details as well as with the important phases of the. enterprise. .Under her guidance the business has continued to flourish, the sales increasing year by year. Mrs. Leach possesses unusual business sagacity and enterprise, and although very young to assume the responsibilities attached to the development of such an industry, has given practical evidence of her ability to successfully meet any issue that may arise. She is a woman of pleasing personality, accommodating and gracious in manner, and has won the success in social circles that has greeted her in her business life. The undertaking of which she is now the head is conducted under the name of the Leach Chemical Company and its output is largely the Virgin Oil of Pine, the name given to the remedy which was produced by her husband's experiments and which is generally regarded by dealers to be superior to any other. Mr. Leach was not only well known in a business way, but also in Masonic circles, in which he attained high rank, holding membership in Vattier Lodge, No. 386, F. & A. M., being raised to the sublime degree of Master Mason, June 24, 1907. On the 9th of March, 1908, he became a Royal Arch Mason in Willis Chapter, and on the 28th of April of the same year was knighted in Hanselmann Commandery, No. 16, K. T. He attained the thirty-second degree of the Scottish Rite in Ohio Consistory on the 23d of February, 1908, and was a Noble of Syrian Temple of the Mystic Shrine. His life was a continual exposition of the beneficent spirit of Masonry. It was said of him that he was "a man of particularly happy and genial disposition, conspicuous for his optimism, his confidence in his fellowmen and the strength of the friendships which he formed and attracted." He was one of the organizers and owners of the Ellis Lake Club and its most active member. He secured his relaxation from business in hunting and fishing, and became quite expert in those lines. He was perhaps best known, however, through his charity, which was ever distributed in a modest., and unpretentious way. He gave, however, most freely and generously where he felt that his aid was needed and he was particularly interested in the welfare of children and frequently gave generous assistance to the Children's Home. It was his desire to found a home for the treatment of crippled and indigent chil dren, but he had not perfected this plan when death called him. He passed away December 23, 1909, and the funeral services were held in the cathedral of the Scottish Rite on Christmas morning in the presence of a large attendance of friends. Oliver Wendell Holmes, in his famous poem, The Boys, 'said of one Vol. IV-16 310 - CINCINNATI—THE QUEEN CITY. of his classmates what might have been applied in perfect appropriateness to Mr. Leach : "You see that boy laughing ; you think he's all fun, But the angels laugh, too, at the good he has done. The children laugh loud as they troop to his call, But the poor man that knows him laughs loudest of all." THE HOUSTON, STANWOOD & GAMBLE COMPANY. In order for a manufacturing enterprise to become successful it must turn out a product that meets an actual demand and its management must be such as to command the confidence of the public. The Houston, Stanwood & Gamble Company of Covington, Kentucky, meets both of these requirements. The company manufactures engines and boilers for which there is a constantly growing demand and its officers are men of practical experience and acknowledged ability, their names being synonymous with integrity and square dealing. The company was organized in 1891 by James N. Gamble, Charles R. Houston and James B. Stanwood as a copartnership and, starting on a modest scale, the business has grown until the plant covers three acres and the sales amount to seven hundred and fifty thousand dollars per year. When the plant is in full operation as many as four hundred persons are employed. The engines and boilers here manufactured are sold mainly in the south and west, but the company supplies a large local demand and also receives many orders from Cuba, Porto Rico, and Mexico. The company has been incorporated since 1898, the officers being: Charles R. Houston, president ; James B. Stanwood, vice president ; and H. M. Houston, secretary. Mr. Stanwood is a mechanical engineer and has gained recognition in manufacturing circles as an expert in his- department. The company has been wisely and conservatively managed and is now one of the well established concerns of the Ohio valley, with remarkably bright prospects for its future. ALEXANDER G. WRIGHT. Alexander G. Wright, vice president of The Burkhardt Brothers Company, was born in Cincinnati, on the 5th of October, 1860, and is a son of Alexander G. and Mary Wright. The father was a well known carpenter and builder who emigrated to the United States from Scotland about 1855, locating in this city where he resided until his demise in 1876 at the age of fifty-two years. The mother survived until March, 1911, having passed the eighty-fourth milestone on life's journey at the time of her death. Both were interred in the family lot in Spring Grove cemetery; At the usual age Alexander G. Wright entered the public schools of Cincinnati, which he continued to attend until he was fifteen years of age. He CINCINNATI—THE QUEEN CITY - 311 then laid aside his studies and began the real work of life by entering the employment of the firm with which he continues to be identified. Ambitious, he yet possessed the patience to begin at the bottom and forge ahead as best he could, early recognizing that many young men spoil their careers because of their unwillingness to plod. He conscientiously applied himself to the work of each department, being advanced in accordance with his ability, until, when the company was incorporated, he was elected vice president. Possessing a gracious and pleasing personality, waiting upon trade as if it were a privilege rather than a duty, he won many patrons for the firm who still insist upon having him wait upon them, although he long ago left the sales department. The company deals in hats and men's furnishings goods, their business being located at No. 8 East Fourth avenue. . They do a thriving business, being one of the largest concerns of the kind in the city and they also have a branch house at Indianapolis. Newport, Kentucky, was the scene of the marriage of Alexander G. Wright and Miss Ella Matting, a daughter of Martin Matting, a merchant tailor of Cincinnati, the event occurring on the 2d of February, 1893. Unto Mr. and Mrs. Wright have been born two children, a son and a daughter, Webster M., a youth of sixteen years, now a student at Woodward high school ; and Eleanor, who is twelve, attending the Fort Thomas public school. The family home is at Fort Thomas, Kentucky, where Mr. Wright has erected a beautiful residence. They affiliate with the Methodist Episcopal church in their town, while fraternally he is identified with the Benevolent Protective Order of Elks, being a member of the Newport, Kentucky, lodge. Politically Mr. Wright is a stanch republican, but has never officially participated in governmental affairs. He has met with success in his endeavors, and although his progress has not been at all phenomenal it is the just reward of unremitting efforts of a man of energy and determination of purpose. CLARK WASGATT DAVIS, M. D. In the history of the medical profession .of. Cincinnati, it is meet that mention be made of Dr. Clark Wasgatt Davis, medical director in charge of the Union Central Life Insurance Company, an eighty million dollar institution. His practice has been of an important and varied character. He has advanced until he stands among the more successful physicians of Cincinnati. He was born in Cincinnati, December 14, 1863, and is 'a son of William Bramwell Davis, B. A., M. D., of Welsh parentage, and Frances Redman Clark, of English and Scotch-Irish ancestry. The Davis family has long been prominent in Cincinnati, in which city the birth of Dr. William B. Davis occurred. The subject of this sketch pursued his early education in the public schools of Cincinnati. He then read medicine with his father and matriculated in the Miami Medical College, from which he was graduated in 1886. He became connected with the medical department of Christ's Hospital, which position he held till 1899. He was health officer of Cincinnati for six years, beginning in 312 - CINCINNATI—THEE QUEEN CITY 1900, and during this period he gave half of his time to the Union Central Life Insurance Company. In fact his association with the company in that relation, continued from 1889 until 1907, when he was elected medical director in charge, giving his entire time to this company. He is a member of the Academy of Medicine, of the Ohio State Medical Society and of the American Medical Association, and the Association of Life Insurance Medical Directors.. Dr. Davis was united in marriage, in 1899, to Miss Mary Harrison Montgomery, the daughter of Clark B. Montgomery and Martha Pitts Harrison, of Cincinnati. They have one son, Clark Montgomery Davis. Dr. Davis holds membership in the Clifton Methodist Episcopal church. He is a Mason, having been made a Mason in Lafayette Lodge, A. F. & A. M.; a member of the Loyal Legion by inheritance ; and a life member of the Benevolent Protective Order of Elks. Those who know hi—andd his acquaintance is a wide one---find him a cultured, courteous gentleman. GILES W. SULLIVAN. Giles W. Sullivan, who for more than fifteen years has been conducting an electrical repair business at 118 Opera place, was born in Cincinnati on February 25, 1871. He is a son of Giles W. and Sarah (Baker) Sullivan, both natives of Ireland, but the mother was of English parentage. At the age of twenty years, Giles W. Sullivan, Sr., with his young wife and one child emigrated from the Emerald isle to the United States, locating in Cincinnati. He was an experienced bookkeeper and found no difficulty in obtaining a position, Cincinnati thereafter continuing to be his home. When old enough to begin his education Giles W. Sullivan, the subject of this sketch, entered the public schools of this city, passing through the successive grades until he had reached the eighth grade. He ass then old enough to begin working, so his text-books were laid aside and he entered, a tack factory in the middle west, where he was employed for about a year. At the end0ff that time he took a position in an electrical establishment where he remained for about eight months, when he returned to the tack factory, in the capacity of manager, remaining for nearly two years when the business was discontinued. He then returned to the electrical business with The Electric Supply & Contracting, Company of Cincinnati, for about six years. He next started the repair department of The Devere Electric Company, with a third interest in the repair business, remaining there for two and a half years. He had there been in a position to ascertain the financial returns of such an enterprise, and knew that if it were intelligently operated such an establishment should prove lucrative, so he determined to open a repair shop for himself. That it was a rather daring venture at that time when electrical appliances of all kinds were not so common as today, is proven by. the fact that he has the only exclusive electrical repair shop in Cincinnati that has been operated under the same anagement for this length of time. Developments were very slow, and he was very often discouraged, in fact almost disheartened, but he knew if he kept at it until he could establish a fair compensation for the class of work . CINCINNATI—THE QUEEN CITY - 313 that he produced, his success was assured, as ultimately the business was bound to be remunerative. He persisted, and as a result has realized his expectations, and on the 15th of January, 1912, will have been conducting this establishment for fifteen and a half years. He has today the best equipped electrical repair shop in this part of the country and is doing an excellent business, his patronage constantly increasing. Unquestionably the great secret of Mr. Sullivan's success has been his prompt attention to the wants of his patrons and the excellent quality of his workmanship. On any and all occasions he has always made it a rule 'to lose money rather than a patron, realizing that a satisfied customer brings others, and he invariably keeps his contract, even when doing so means financial loss to him. For his wife Mr. Sullivan chose Miss Elizabeth Lockwood, of this city. He is a member of Hyde Park Lodge, No 589, F. & A. M. and he also belongs. to the shrine. His connections of a more purely social nature are confined to his membership in the Business Men's Club of Cincinnati and in the Hyde Park Country Club. In his political views he is a republican, and always gives his support to the men and measures of that party. The success that has attended the efforts of Mr. Sullivan is in every way highly merited, as he started out in his early youth with but little equipment, save a knowledge of the common branches, and has attained a position through his own personal efforts that entitles him to the respect and esteem he is accorded by both his business and social confreres. G. F. THOMAS EMMERT. Cincinnati is widely known for the 'excellence of its brewing products' and some of the greatest brewers of the country are located in this city. The F. L. Emmert Company is located with offices at 1924 Pleasant street and factory, since 1908, at Henry and Dunlap streets. This company is well established, its affairs being excellently conducted by men who are thoroughly acquainted with the business and who have the address and capacity necessary in making friends and extending the territory of operations. They handle fresh and dried brewer's grain. G. F. Thomas Emmert, treasurer of the F. L. Emmert Company, is only twenty-four years of age but his success in the business which he has adopted indicates that he possesses the qualities of grit, keen perception and sound judgment, which are recognized the world over as highly important elements in making headway against the competition which is to be encountered in all channels of trade. He was born in Cincinnati, July 30, 1887, and is a son of Frederick L. and Julia Emmert. The father, who is president of the F. L. Emmert Company, is also a native of this city and is a grandson of Saviour Maier, who founded the business, in which the' family is engaged, in 1881. The grandfather of our subject on the paternal side was Frederick L. Emmert. He was a soldier at the time of the Civil war and served for the Union in the Ninth Ohio Volunteer Regiment. Frederick L. Emmert, the father, is now in 314 - CINCINNATI—THE. QUEEN CITY. Europe, having gone abroad on account of ill health which was brought on by over application to business. Mr. Emmert of this review possessed advantages of education in the public schools of this city, passing through the various grades until he reached his fifteenth year. He then entered the Ohio Mechanics Institute, where he applied himself diligently, receiving a diploma, in 1907, in mechanics. Upon leaving this institution he was elected as a member of the board of directors and treasurer of the company, with which he has since been closely identified. As the company has proved itself entirely reliable throughout a period of thirty years and can claim among its patrons many of the largest brewing establishments of the Ohio valley, it has prospered financially and ranks among the important concerns of Cincinnati. Mr. Emmert 'is prominent socially and is a valued member of the Knights of Pythias and the Benevolent Protective Order of Elks. His home is at 147 West University avenue. MRS. EMMA J. BATCHELOR, M. D. Dr. Emma J. Batchelor, who in her treatment of the diseases of women and children has won a large practice that is indicative of the ability which she displays in this field, entered upon the' active work of the profession in 1894, following her graduation from the Laura Memorial Medical College. She is a native of Cincinnati, and a daughter of Jacob and Catherine (Duval) Pfeiffer. Her father was a native of Alsace-Lorraine, and in early manhood came to the new world. The family were woolen manufacturers but after taking up his abode in Cincinnati, Jacob Pfeiffer engaged in the catering business and became one of its most prominent and successful representatives in this city. Two of the grand-uncles of Dr. Batchelor were surgeons under Lafayette in the Revolutionary war. Spending her girlhood days in her native city, Emma J. Batchelor was a pupil in the public schools, while her professional education was pursued in the Laura Memorial Medical College, completing a thorough course by graduation with the class of 1894. She then began practice and her work has been attended with a most gratifying measure of success. She has made a special study of the diseases of women and children and her work in this connection has brought her more than local reputation. She also has a large surgical practice and her ability is acknowledged by the members of the profession as well as the general public. Since 1895 she has been a member of the Cincinnati Academy of Medicine and also belongs to the Ohio State Medical Society. Dr. Batchelor has two children : Andrew Jacob; and Pearl, who is the wife of Seely Lindeman, of Dayton, Ohio. To her son and daughter she has given every possible advantage along an educational line and she certainly deserves much credit for her careful rearing of her children while pursuing her professional studies, unaided by outside help. She not only provided for her own support but for the maintenance of her children and with most commendable courage and determination fitted herself for her chosen calling, in which she now enjoys a lucrative practice. She is a member of Dorcas Chapter of the CINCINNATI—THE QUEEN CITY - 315 Eastern Star and of the Daughters of America, of which she is a past councilor. Endowed by nature with strong mentality, her active mind has grasped every opportunity for promoting her knowledge of the science of medicine and surgery and at the same time her reading along other lines has been broad and thorough, making her today a well informed woman. She possesses a pleasing personality, great tact and an appreciation for the good qualities of others. All who know aught of her history and what she has accomplished entertain for her warm admiration as well as regard, and in the city where her entire life has been passed she has many warm friends. JOHN W. COWELL. Cincinnati is to be congratulated upon the character of the young men who have become connected with the bar, for on the whole they are young men of promise and ability who are seeking to reach high ideals as well as substantial success in practice. To this class belongs John W. Cowell, who has followed his chosen profession since his admission to the bar, in June, 1906. He was born in Cincinnati, February 3, 1881, and is a son of Theobald E. and Marion Cowell. At the usual age he was sent as a pupil to the public schools of Bellefontaine, Ohio, to which city. his mother had in the meantime removed. Later the family home was established at San Francisco and his studies were there continued for three years in the public schools. He was afterward for four years a pupil in the public schools of Miami, Ohio, and at the age of thirteen years put aside his text-books, being compelled to start out in the world. and provide for his own support. He took up the carpenter's trade and during that period studied at night for the purpose of becoming an electrical engineer, thus spending his time for two years or until he reached the age of fifteen. When eighteen years of age he turned his attention to railroading, serving as a section hand, brakeman and fireman on the railroad for two years. On the expiration of that period, however, he returned to the carpenter's trade which he followed until 1906, but in the meantime he had determined to become a representative of the legal fraternity and took up the study of law, attending night high school in order to acquire the foundation for his legal knowledge and also becoming a pupil in the night law school, spending one evening in the high school and the following in the law school. Thus he advanced along both lines, at length obtaining his diploma from the high school and his LL.B degree from the law school. He at once began practice and no dreary novitiate awaited him. His large acquaintance in the United Brotherhood of Carpenters, of which he is a member, was the means of securing a good start, for he obtained many clients through this membership and soon proved his capability in handling cases before the courts. His statement of the law and his presentation of facts were always characterized by decided perspicuity and no better testimonial of his success can be given than is to be found in the court records which show that he has been retained as counsel for the prosecution or defense in various important cases. 316 - CINCINNATI—THE QUEEN CITY Mr. Cowell belongs to the Hamilton County Bar Association, the United Brotherhood of Carpenters and to Columbia Lodge, No. 44, A. F. & A. M. His political views accord with the principles of the republican party. He ran as an independent candidate for judge of the superior court of Cincinnati, in 1911, but was defeated in the democratic landslide which occurred that year. He resides at No. 3015 Woodburn avenue. CHARLES PHELPS TAFT. Charles Phelps Taft was born in Cincinnati, December 21, 1843, and aside from years spent in educational institutions and in the public service, and a brief practice of the law in New York, has resided continuously in the Queen City. Mr. Taft is the son of Alphonso Taft, for many years one of the leaders of the Cincinnati bar, who was honored by two appointments to the cabinet of President Grant—attorney general and secretary of war. By a strange coincidence of fate or perhaps heredity, the latter high honor was bestowed many years later on Charles P. Taft's younger brother, President William Howard Taft. The other members of the family now include Henry W. Taft, a distinguished New York lawyer ; Horace D. Taft, the founder and head master of the Taft School for Boys at Watertown, Connecticut, and Fannie, the wife of Dr. William A. Edwards, of Los Angeles, California. Charles P. Taft passed three years at Woodward high school and later completed his preparation for college at Phillips Exeter Academy, of Andover, Massachusetts. He entered Yale in 186o1860 emerged from the classic elms of that institution in 1864 prepared to do battle with the world with that academic weapon, the sheepskin. At the time Mr. Taft decided on law as a profession, and after two years at the Law School of Columbia University he was graduated from that institution in 1866. Mr. Taft practiced law with the firm of Sage, Haacke & Taft for a time, but being desirous of further study entered the University of Heidelberg, graduating from the famous German seat of learning in 1868 with the degree of Juris Utriusque Doctor, that is, doctor of both laws, the canon law and the civil law. After a year of study and travel in France, England and Scotland, Mr. Taft returned to Cincinnati in 1869 and formed with Edward F. Noyes a law partnership, which existed until 1871, when the senior member was elected governor of Ohio. At the same election Mr. Taft was chosen a member of the legislature and found an opportunity for lasting service to his fellow citizens as chairman of the committee on schools and schOschoolds. As a result of his efforts, the school laws of Ohio were for the first time codified and a scientific and comprehensive educational system enacted into law. In recognition of his legislative services Mr. Taft was nominated for congress by the republicans in 1872, but Horace Greeley, the national republican and democratic presidential candidate, swept Hamilton county that year, and Mr. Taft went down to defeat with the balance of the local ticket. At the expiration of his term in the legislature Mr. Taft returned to the practice of the law, but his experience in the general assembly formed an inspiration to years of activity in the advancement of public school education. CINCINNATI—THE QUEEN CITY - 319 In the many years that have followed Mr. Taft has been constant in his interest in educati0nal matters, a fact testified to by recognition given his labors by German educational societies in 1912, forty years after the .codification of the Ohio educational laws under his guidance. In 1879 Mr. Taft began his career as a journalist by purchasing a controlling interest in the Cincinnati Times, of which he became editor and publisher. In 1880 Mr. Taft purchased the 'Star and by a merger of the two properties created the Cincinnati Times-Star, the foremost and most influential republican daily in Ohio and one of the great evening newspapers of the United States. Under his directi0n the Times-Star has become a potent factor in the councils of the state and nation. For many years. Mr. Taft was one of the owners of the Cincinnati Volksblatt, an influential German newspaper. Mr. Taft has ever been active in the industrial, social, artistic and educational betterment of Cincinnati. He was one of the founders of the Cincinnati Zoo logical Gardens and was a director for many years. He was also treasurer of the May Festival Association for repeated terms and was largely instrumental in the formation and maintenance of the Cincinnati Symphony Orchestra. For-sixteen years Mr. Taft was a member of the Board of Sinking Fund Trustees and during a large part of that time was its president. According to George W. Harris, who was afterward elected president of the Sinking Fund Trustees it was Mr. Taft who saved the city eight hundred and sixty-five thousand dol-lars in interest by forcing'. the refunding of the Cincinnati Southern Railroad bonds, an issue of four million, six hundred thousand dollars at 3.5 per cent instead of 3.65 per cent. For years Mr. Taft was a member of the Real Estate Board of the Mercantile Library. He was president of the former University Club for seven years and in 1912 was elected first vice president of the present University Club. Much of Mr. Taft's important work for his home city was done as a member of the union board of high schools, a position he occupied for seventeen years. Mr. Taft returned to public life in 1894, when he was elected congressman from the First Ohio district. He refused a renomination and retired from public life until 1904, when he became one of the presidential electors-at-large, and president of the electoral college of Ohio, casting his vote for Theodore Roosevelt. n 1908 Mr. Taft was active in securing the nomination and election of his brother, William Howard Taft, as president of the United States. On December 4, 1873, Mr. Taft was married to Anna Sinton, a daughter of the late David Sinton, and they have two, daughters, Mrs. Albert ngalls and Miss Louise Taft, and one son, Howard.   ROBERT E. LEE. Robert E. Lee, general superintendent for the Cincinnati Traction Company, was born in Baltimore, Maryland, on the 25th of May, 1866, a son of John W. and Mary A. (Sinclar) Lee, natives of Baltimore. The father was born in 1833 and the mother in 1840. He was extensively engaged in the plumbing-business until he. retired. Under' General Robert E. Lee he fought throughout 320 - CINCINNATI—THE QUEEN CITY the entire war in the Confederate army. Both parents are now living. The paternal grandparents were natives of the county of Cork, Ireland, and were the first of the family, come over to America in 1800, while the maternal grandparents were natives of Prussia. Passing through consecutive grades in the public schools and high school of his native city Robert E. Lee, thus qualified for entrance into the business world which he made as a clerk in a house handling machinery. There he remained for two years, after which he became connected with the street railway interests, being first employed as a conductor of an old horse-car system, entering upon his dut1ith that connection on the 11th of February, 1886. He was associated with the Baltimore Street Car Company until 1894, and in the meantime was advanced from one position to another of larger responsibility until in 1898, when the thirteen different street car companies in Washington, D. C., were consolidated he was made general superintendent for the new company. Upon him in that connection devolved the responsibility of developing a harmonious system for operating all these merged lines and preparing a schedule which would bring the different lines into closer relations and render more efficient service to the public. This difficult and arduous duty he capably discharged, thoroughly systematizing the operative department of the traction company in every particular. He continued in Washington in that capacity until 1903, when he was offered and accepted the superintendency of the Cincinnati Traction Company, in which connection he has since remained. The power that was given him in this position has enabled him to improve the street car service of Cincinnati in notable measure, making it adequate to the needs of the growing population. In 1886 Mr. Lee was united in marriage to Miss Jennie Larkin, a daughter of Hugh Larkin, of Baltimore, Maryland, and they have three children : Robert E., who was born in 1892 ; Virginia, in 1895 ; and Grace, in 1901. In his political views Mr. Lee has long been a stalwart republican yet without ambition for office. He belongs to the Methodist Episcopal church and is very prominent in Masonry, having attained the thirty-second degree of the Scottish Rite, while of Cincinnati Commandery, No. 93, K. T., which is the third oldest in the state of Ohio, he is a past commander. His salient characteristics. are those of the alert, enterprising business man who is constantly watchful of opportunities and thoroughly cognizant of his own capacities and powers, as every successful business man must needs be. He has also learned to correctly judge life's contacts and experiences and his even-paced energy has carried him into important business' relations. CLARENCE A. HOFFHEIMER. Clarence A. Hoffheimer, vice president of Hoffheimer Brothers Company, distillers of Cincinnati, with headquarters at 123 to 125 Sycamore street, is a native of this city. He was born October 26, 1865, and is a son of Abraham and Trenetta Hoffheimer. The father was born in Germany, in 1830, and emigrated to this country in 1847, selecting Cincinnati as his home. He started empty handed, but he was a man of strong will and remarkable business judg- CINCINNATI—THE QUEEN CITY - 321 ment and became one of the leading distillers of this city. He founded the business which has since been in charge of the family, being one of the oldest distilling establishments in Cincinnati. He also built the White Mills Distillery and the Lynndale Distillery of Kentucky and gained a wide reputation on account of his success in his chosen calling. He died in 1901, at the age of seventy-one years, but his wife still survives and makes her home in this city. Mr. Hoffheimer of this sketch possessed excellent advantages of education and was a student of the Ninth District school, later entering Hughes high school, where he continued for three years. At the age of twenty he became connected with the distilling business in his father's establishment and passed through the various departments, having been elected vice president of the firm in 1901. The firm employs about one hundred persons and sells its products in all the principal states of the Union. Mr. Hoffheimer has earned for himself a reputation as a highly capable and reliable man of business and his prompt and honorable methods have won for him the unbounded confidence of his fellowmen. He is highly popular among his business associates and has for a number of years held membership in the Chamber of Commerce. In politics he is independent, preferring to cast his vote for the individual rather than in support of any party organization. He is prominent socially and is a valued member of the Phoenix Club. A lifelong resident of Cincinnati, he is thoroughly identified with the city and its interests and has so discharged his duties as to merit the confidence of all who know him. His home is at 504 Forest avenue. NORWOOD J. UTTER. The possibilities awaiting in the important cities of America for ambitious and capable young men are illustrated in the success that has rewarded the efforts of Norwood J. Utter as an attorney in Cincinnati. He has been engaged in practice about twelve years and is a member of one of the prosperous firms in the city, that is each year growing in popularity and becoming more firmly established. This gratifying result has been attained through close application and a thorough knowledge of the law and the procedure of the courts. Mr. Utter was born in Cincinnati, April 20, 1877, a son of James W. and Virginia (Lyon) Utter. The father volunteered in the Civil war on the side of the Union but was rejected as being too young for service. He engaged for many years in the wholesale grocery business but is now retired from active affairs, retaining his connection with the business world as president of the American Stone Ballast Company. The family on the paternal side is of English origin, the early ancestors in America arriving previous to the sailing of the Mayflower. Colonel Douty .Utter, grandfather of our subject, was a prominent democratic politician of Ohio and served most creditably as a member of the state senate and also as lieutenant governor. The Lyon family has been known in this country for over two hundred years. Samuel Lyon, the great-great-grandfather of our subject on the paternal side, participated in the war of the Revolution as sergeant in the patriot army and Mrs. Virginia Lyon Utter is a member of the Daughters of the American Revolution. 322 - CINCINNATI—THE QUEEN CITY In the public schools of Cincinnati, Norwood J. Utter gained his preliminary training. Later he became a student of the Walnut Hills high school and was graduated with high standing in his class in 1896 and won the E. Court Williams gold medal for oratory. Soon after leaving high school he matriculated in the law school of the University of Cincinnati and after taking the regular course at that well known institution, was graduated with the degree of LL.B. in 1899. Hon. William H. Taft, now president of the United States, was dean of the college during the time in which Mr. Utter was a student. Immediately after receiving his diploma Mr. Utter entered general practice at Cincinnati. In 1906 he associated with O. W. Bennett under the title of Bennett & Utter, with offices at No. 711 Fourth National Bank building. The firm has become well known and can claim among its patrons a number of the leading men and corporations of the city. Mr. Utter has conscientiously discharged the responsibilities of his profession and is recognized as one of the trustworthy attorneys of the Hamilton county bar. On the 17th of November, 1903, he was married in this city to Miss Mary Ragsdale, a daughter of William A. and Matilda Ragsdale. The father is a well known live-stock dealer with offices at the Union Stock Yards. Mr. and Mrs. Utter are the parents of one child, William Ragsdale, who is now two years of age. The family resides at No 3313 Stettinius avenue, Hyde Park. Mr. Utter takes the interest of a true American citizen in promoting the permanent welfare of the community with which he has been identified all his life and his course has been such as to command the respect and confidence of his associates and acquaintances. Although he has never been an office seeker, Mr. Utter, since 1896, has been active as a campaign speaker in every election on the republican side. He is In indefatigable student, a clear thinker and a cogent reasoner, and the high position he has attained at the bar is evidence that he made no mistake in the selection of a calling. BUTLER BROTHERS. The caption of this review is the name of a firm that, organized on the 1st of June, 1909, has since been engaged successfully in the manufacture and sale of piano players and upright pianos. The excellence of the product has caused a continuous growth in the business and the members of the firm have thus won a place among Cincinnati's leading manufacturers. Both R. H. and James H. Butler are natives of Frankfort, Kentucky, the former born January 24, 1864, and the latter July 22, 1866. They are sons of Edward and Jane (Hollywood) Butler, both of whom came from Cork, Ireland. After attending the parochial schools James H. Butler went to Louisville, where he worked in the factory of Hinzen & Rosin, remaining there for three years. He next came to Cincinnati and entered the employ of Smith & Nixon, with whom he continued until he started in business on his own account, having been with that house altogether for twenty-three years, during which time he served for nineteen years as superintendent .of their plant. CINCINNATI—THE QUEEN CITY - 323 Richard Butler was also educated in the parochial schools and in early life learned the machinist's trade, after which he engaged in the machinery business and in 1893 became connected with the Smith & Nixon Piano Company, having charge of their office. Thus both brothers received splendid business training for the duties which are now devolving upon them. James H. Butler is the technical man of the firm, while Richard H. has the executive ability and administrative force so. necessary in the successful management of the office and in the introduction of progressive business methods. James H. Butler has invented and, on the 27th of October, 1896, secured a patent upon the first upright grand piano manufactured in this country. He has made a thorough study of the laws of physics which apply to sound and which are involved in the building of a piano and has put this scientific training to practical application in the construction of the instruments built in the factory,. especially of the sounding board. The pianos turned out by the company have a fine, rich, singing tone, especially noticeable in the upper registers, where so many instruments are lacking in tone quality. The different registers are beautifully balanced as to volume and the gradation of tone in quality and volume from one register to another leaves nothing to be desired by the most critical. Thus far the excellence of the product has created a demand among musicians that has taxed the capacity of the plant without their having to resort to the usual advertising methods of getting business. As indicated, the house was established June I, 1909, under the firm name of Butler Brothers and their product, which includes both piano players and upright pianos, is sold not only in Ohio but in many neighboring states. They employed only three men at the beginning and now have a working force of fifty men on an average. They conduct a retail department at their factory, thus selling to the local as well as the wholesale trade. James H. Butler was united in marriage to Miss Nellie O'Donnell, of Sheldon, Iowa, and they have four children : Willard, Helen, Catherine and Dorothy. Richard H. Butler married Lucy Bolzer, of Cincinnati. Both brothers are members of the Cincinnati Commercial Association and also of the Business Men's Club' of Norwood. The growth of their business is constantly making greater and greater demand upon their time, energies and resources, but the labors of the members of the firm are splendidly adapted to supplement and round out, each the labors of the other, the practical and scientific knowledge of James H. Butler proving an adequate complement to the office management and business ability of Richard H. Butler. IRVINE K. MOTT, M. D. Dr. Irvine K. Mott, a physician and surgeon of the homeopathic school, now making a specialty of kidney diseases, was born at Belleville, Ontario, Canada, in 1861. He is a son of John Ketcheson and Dorothy Ann (Cook) Mott, the father of French and the mother of English extraction. Dr. Mott was reared in his native country, acquiring his preliminary education in the Albert University. He subsequently read medicine with Dr. Thomas Elijah Allen and pursued a professional course in the Pulte Medical College of 324 - CINCINNATI—THE QUEEN CITY Cincinnati, from which institution he graduated on the 3d of March, 1883. He began his career as a practitioner at Brooksport, New York, where he remained for two years, when, in response to the urgent solicitations of professional friends on the faculty of his alma mater, he returned to Cincinnati. He established an office here in 1885, engaging in general practice until 1890. Having made a special study of diseases of the kidney, in the treatment of which he had met with remarkable success, he decided to specialize, and has ever since confined his entire attention to the treatment of the diseases of this one organ. Dr. Mott married Miss Jessie Benton Homer, a native of Pennsylvania, but at that time a resident of this city. She passed away on the 22d of November, 1910. He has for many years been affiliated with the Masonic fraternity in which he has attained high rank, being a thirty-second degree member of the Scottish Rite. Locally he is identified with Vattier Lodge, No. 386,. A. F. & A. M.; Willis Chapter, No. 131, R. A. M.; Trinity Commandery, No. 44 K. T.; Syrian Temple, of the Knights of the Mystic Shrine ; and the Ohio Consistory. During the life time of Mrs. Mott he always attended the Episcopal church of which she was a member. Dr. Mott has been successful in building up a very good practice in Cincinnati since locating here, many of his patients being. members of the leading families. HON. CHARLES FLEISCHMANN. Many corporate interests felt the stimulus of the efforts and business ability of Charles Fleischmann, to whom the complexities of manufacturing and commercial interests offered a broad field in which to give full scope to his initiative spirit, his unfaltering enterprise and keen business discernment which were his dominant qualities. Various men become leaders in a particular line of business s0 that they are known in their local community, but the name of Charles Fleischmann became a household word in every part of this country in connection with the manufacture and distribution of compressed yeast. His life record constitutes a splendid example and may well serve to inspire and encourage others, for with no special advantages at the outset of his career he made steady progress in the field of business, watching for and utilizing opportunities until he stood as the leader in his particular field. Mr. Fleischmann was born in Buda Pesth, Hungary, November 3, 1835, and pursued his education in the schools of Vienna and Prague. At length he heard and heeded the call of the western world, being thirty-two years of age when he crossed the Atlantic to enjoy the better business opportunities of the United States. Even then he had not proceeded far on the highway to fortune but he had inherent in him those qualities of industry, determination and laudable ambition which ever work for success. He remained for sometime in New York city, employed in a number of factories there and, in 1868, he, with his brother, Maximillian Fleischmann, arrived in Cincinnati, where a partnership was formed :by the brothers with James W. Gaff. This firm of Gaff, Fleischmann & Company engaged in the distilling business and the manufacture CINCINNATI—THE QUEEN CITY - 325 of compressed yeast, being the first to undertake this latter business in America. The yeast enterprise was established on a modest scale, but under the expansive policy inaugurated by the firm at the very beginning and since adhered to, it has grown rapidly until the business is now a mammoth one. Distributing agencies are now established in nearly all the cities and towns of the Dominion and the United States, Mexico and Cuba. One of Mr. Fleischmann's most notable achievements in the business world was the complete mastery of his own plan of placing his product in the hands of the consumer direct, through the medium of his own distributive organization. This plan has since been extensively followed by many of the world's. greatest commercial concerns, but it was in Charles Fleischmann's brain that this innovation was conceived and through his own energy and ability that it was carried to such success as to create a distinctive and invaluable chapter in the history of commerce.. Judicial transportation, prompt delivery and honorable dealing constituted the foundation elements of Mr. Fleischmann's success in business. Mr. James W. Gaff died in 1879 and later the firm of Gaff, Fleischmann & Company was succeeded in the business by Fleischmann & Company. This firm continued for many years after the death of the Fleischmann brothers, which occurred, respectively, Maximillian passing away in 1890 and Charles, in 1897. in 1905 the Fleischmann Company was incorporated. This corporation took over the then gigantic business builded by the firms of Gaff, Fleischmann & Company and Fleischmann & Company. Its output today exceeds that of all other concerns, producing a like commodity, combined. Charles Fleischmann was a director of the Market National Bank for several years and was its chief executive officer from 1889 to the time of his death in 1897. During the time of his presidency of the institution the deposits of the hank were doubled and the stock increased to twice its former value. His judgment in business matters was seldom, if ever, at fault, and his solution of many difficult and complex problems constituted the promotive force in bringing many concerns success. In large measure Mr. Fleischmann left the impress of his business ability upon the material growth and prosperity of Cincinnati and of other communities. In a quiet, unostentatious way, Mr. Fleischmann was a charitable man to an extent that his name was revered as few others ever were in the history of Cincinnati. With scarcely an exception, every charitable institution in his home city was the frequent recipient of his generosity. No worthy object, public or private, was ever denied his earnest support. n this regard it is still said of him that Cincinnati suffered an irreparable loss in the death of Charles Fleischmann. Being a musician of considerable merit himself, Mr. Fleischmann was an ardent lover and patron of everything pertaining to good music in Cincinnati. He was an excellent judge of art, as the magnificent and well selected canvases in his home will testify. In 1869 was celebrated the marriage of. Charles Fleischmann and Miss Henrietta Robertson, of New York city, and unto them were born two sons, Julius and Max C. and one daughter, Mrs. Christian R. Holmes. The family residence, a most beautiful and palatial home, is situated in Avondale. His 326 - CINCINNATI—THE QUEEN CITY political allegiance had been given to the republican party and he became recognized as one of its leaders in Ohio. Many political honors were conferred upon him in recognition of his loyalty to the party and his ability to capably discharge the duties which he thus assumed. n 1880 he was elected as the republican representative from his district to the Ohio state senate, where he served for one term. In 1892 he was again named for the office and again elected. He was a member of Governor McKinley's staff during his first term and was a delegate to the republican national conventions that nominated Garfield in 1880; Blaine in 1884; Harrison in 1888 and 1892 and McKinley in 1896. In 1886 Mayor Amor Smith, Jr., appointed him fire commissioner of Cincinnati, which position he filled until 1890, when he resigned. In 1889 Governor Foraker appointed him a trustee of Longview Asylum for the Insane for a term of five years, and on the expiration of that period he was reappointed. Mr. Fleischmann was a member of the Queen City Club, of which he was elected one of the governors in 1889 for a term of five years. He also belonged to the Blaine Club, Cincinnati's famous political organization, and was a Scottish Rite Mason of the thirty-second degree and a Noble of the Mystic Shrine. He seemed to possess limitless business ability and capacity for work and the fact that he did not confine his energies to business propositions but also supported measures for the public good, made him a citizen of value. He seemed to have attained at any one point in his career the extreme possibility for the attainment of success at that point. He knew where, when and how to put forth his energies so as to accomplish substantial results, and while he gained a position of leadership in business circles and attained notable success, there is not a single esoteric phase in his entire life history. His life record is a splendid example of the possibilities that lie before the young man in America, where the sovereignty of labor and ability are acknowledged and enterprise and merit secure their just reward. BENJAMIN PRITZ. Benjamin Fritz, who departed this life on the nth day of May, 1909, was born on the 7th. of February, 1853, in the kingdom of Bavaria, in the small village of Demmelsdorf. This little community, located in the Franconian hills, has been the birthplace of a large number of emigrants to America, Very many of whom found their new world home in the city of Cincinnati. An unusually large proportion of them have become successful in the best sense of the word and their success constitutes a telling monument to the sturdy industry and pristine rectitude of their native stock. It is doubtful if any community of equal size in all of Europe has sent forth a larger proportion of inhabitants who have as successfully fought the battle of life. In this secluded village the parents of Benjamin Fritz were simple, earnest, God-fearing people, known for their elemental strength and patriarchal traits of character among neighbors with whom such characteristics were the rule and not the exception. His father, Wolf H. Fritz, was born in 1800 and lived until 1884. He was a dealer in cattle and conducted the local butchering business of CINCINNATI—THE QUEEN CITY - 329 the village. His reputation throughout his life was that of a man to whom the doing of a wrong act would be an impossibility. His wife was Golda Kirschbaum, who was born in 1805 and died in 1883. Their son Benjamin, the subject of this sketch, was the youngest of eight brothers and sisters. In those days, however trying might be the severance of loving parents from their children, the former, mindful of their children's future, did not hesitate to send thcin to the western land of opportunity. And so, their youngest child in 1866, at the age of thirteen left home and came to Cincinnati, where he made his home with his oldest sister, Mrs. Babette Simon, the wife of Ezekiel Simon, who was known to the older generation of Cincinnatians as a respected and successful business man, pleasant-spoken and kind-hearted. The young, lad had had the advantage of a good village school at home and, being an industrious student, he entered the Seventh District and First Intermediate schools in Cincinnati, passing for the high school in 1869. In spite of the handicap of not knowing the English language, he graduated as an honor pupil and the winner of a prize. During the summer of 1869 he attended Nelson's Business College and the following fall, at the age of sixteen, he entered the employ of Elsas & Pritz as bookkeeper, having the entire charge, at this young age, of the two sets of books covering the entire business of this well known firm. He remained there until the fall of 1872, taking at that time a position as bookkeeper with Senior, Strauss & Company, remaining there until January I, 1875, when, together with his brother-in-law, Isaac Strauss, and his brother, Solomon Pritz, he formed the firm of Strauss, Pritz & Company, the partners in which were the three persons just named. The successful career and high reputation throughout the United States of this firm has been a matter of common knowledge to all wh0 are acquainted with industrial Cincinnati or with the distilling interests throughout the country. Mr. Benjamin Pritz was active in all branches of the business. In the earlier years he traveled almost continuously throughout the United States and more largely in the south, building up the business by indefatigable effort and at all times laying plans for its growth. When at home his ready and adaptive mind was brought in constant requisition in arranging the contract relations of his firm with- its largest customers and its selling agencies. He had a comprehensive knowledge of distilling methods, blending and other matters covering the technical side of the business. His career was that of the energetic, resourceful, high-principled man of business. His word was looked upon as absolutely good and his name among all classes of people stood as a symbol of rectitude. He was often called upon by business men to arbitrate and adjust the differences that might exist between them, and his judgment and award were sought, one might say, every day. On directorates and committees he was respected for speaking his mind clearly, without any evasion, and there was always the feeling on the part of those with whom he dealt that the sole motive behind his word or action was his instinctive and abiding sense of right and fairness. While leading the life of a business man of large affairs, there was no abatement in him of a naturally genial and cheerful social vein. He always seemed y0unger than his years ; his step was light, his manner unruffled no matter how great the work before him ; and he turned readily from. business to pleasant social converse. Vol. IV-17 330 - CINCINNATI—THE QUEEN CITY He was of a charitable nature and religi0nng knew no barrier of religion or race nor of color line. Among the organizations to which he belonged were the Phoenix Club, the Bankers Club, the Losantiville Golf Club, the Chamber of Commerce, on important committees of Lodge he served; Cincinnati Lodge, No. 133, of Masons ; Standard Lodge of the I. O. O. B., Congregation B'nai Yeshurum of which he was a trustee foil a number of years, and of the. University School of Cincinnati, which he helped to organize and of which he was a director. For years he was a director of the Equitable National Bank and of the S. Obermayer Company, and at the time of his death was director of the Provident Saings. Bank & 'Trust Company. . His sisters and brothers, who resided in Cincinnati and all of whom he survived, were the following : Mrs. Ezekiel Simon, mentioned above; Solomon W. Pritz ; Samuel Pritz ; Sophie Strauss, the wife of Isaac Strauss ; and Lena Adler, wife of William Adler, all of whom are well known in this community. His oldest brother, Edward Pritz, was a well known resident of Nashville, and the other sister, Mrs. Fannie Heymann, remained during her lifetime in her native place in Bavaria. Mr. Pritz was married to Miss Emilia Heineman, daughter of Emil S. and Fanny (Butzel) Heineman, of Detroit, Michigan, on February 16, 1888. There were two children born of this union: Walter Heineman, born November 6, 1888, who is a student in the literary department of the University of Michigan, of the class of 1912,; and Fanny, born January 10, 1893. Mr. Pritz's greatest happiness centered in his family life and his hopes for the future found their natural abiding place within the portals of the beautiful home which he built for himself at No. 3859 Reading road, on the crest of the Avondale suburb. He was destined, however, to leave this world before he had passed beyond middle life and died at Atlantic City, May 11, 1909, after. an extended illness which he met in the same spirit that characterized his entire existence, a spirit of cheerful courage and serene patience. EDWARD ALEXANDER FERGUSON. Edward Alexander Ferguson was a native of New York, born November 6. 1826. In 1830 he came with his parents and an elder brother, William Gribbon Ferguson, to Cincinnati. ,He received his preliminary education in the public schools and at Talbot's Academy, later entering Woodward College, from which he was graduated in the English department in June, 1843. He was admitted to the bar by the supreme court of Ohio. in May, 1848, and began practice in the following December, having for the previous eighteen months taught in the public schools of Cincinnati. From the beginning of his work as a lawyer it was evident that he was destined for recognition and he soon gained recognition as one of the brightest members of the Cincinnati bar. In April, 1852, being then twenty-six years of age, he was elected by the city council of Cincinnati as city solicitor. His first duty was to go to Columbus, Ohio, where thefirst general assembly under the constitution of 1851 was in session and there he assisted judge Gholson in drawing up a bill, which became the municipal code CINCINNATI—THE QUEEN CITY - 331 for Ohio. His term as city solicitor expired in May, 1853, and soon afterward he was appointed by the commissioners of Hamilton county as their legal adviser, which position he filled for about eight years. In October, 1859, he was elected a member of the state senate, and while in that body drew bills which became laws relating to the city and county government as well as the street railroads and many other matters. He specialized in corporation law, and became recognized as one of the leading corporation attorneys of Cincinnati. He served as general c0unsel for the Cincinnati Gas, Light & Coke Company for about thirty-three years and was retained as attorney by the Spring Grove Avenue Company, the Steam Stoker Company, the ncline Plane Railway Company, the Stock Yards Company, and also was for several years general counsel for the Cincinnati, Hamilton & Dayton Railroad Company. He was an indefatigable worker, possessing extraordinary powers of physical and mental endurance which for many years were taxed almost to their limit. It was his connection with the Cincinnati Southern Railway, the only railway owned by a municipality in the United States, which brought Mr. Ferguson most prominently before the public, and in the discharge of his duties pertaining to this project he found a field for the exercise of his rare talents that could scarcely have been presented elsewhere. He was a member of the original board of trustees of the Cincinnati Southern Railway and continued a leading member 0f the board during the remainder of his life-a period of nearly thirty-seven years. He devised the plan upon which the railroad was built, being the author 0f the act passed by the Ohio legislature, May 4, 1869,. known as the "Ferguson Act," which provided for its construction by the city, and .the road was completed in December, 1879. He was closely connected with the actual construction and ultimate disposition of the railroad, and but few details in its history fail to reveal the impress of his activity. Material interests and political preferment were sacrificed by him and a life of high possibilities devoted with rare unselfishness to this one end. On the 17th of September, 1851, Mr. Ferguson was married to Miss Agnes Moore, a granddaughter of Adam Moore, an early pioneer and a leading merchant of Cincinnati. They became the parents of seven children, four sons and three daughters, in whom they took just pride, and who lived to perpetuate the work and memory of their father. He died April 20, 1906, in the eightieth year of his life. JOHN SCUDDER ADKINS. Among the architects of Cincinnati it is doubtful whether any is contributing to the good name of the city in a more notable degree than John Scudder Adkins. The beautiful residences and office buildings of Cincinnati and other cities whose forms first took shape in his brain are lasting evidences of his taste and skill and are proof of rare ability in a vocation which he clearly was .intended by nature to follow. He was born at St. Louis, Missouri, September 20, 1872, a son of Silas and Maria G. (Morgan) Adkins, the former a native: of Cincinnati and the latter of Pembrokeshire, Wales. Mr. Adkins, Sr., was a well 332 - CINCINNATI—THE QUEEN CITY known naval architect and at the time of the Civil war designed steel monitors at St. Louis and Cincinnati for the United States government. John S. Adkins was educated in the public schools of St. Louis, the Technical School of St. Louis and the St. Louis School of Fine Arts. He came to Cincinnati in 1893, prior to which he made practical application of his studies in the architectural offices of George I. Barnett & Sheipley, Rutan & Coolidge and Peabody & Stearns. For nearly thirteen years he has been associated with George Werner and during this time devoted his attention largely to domestic architecture. Among the structures designed by Mr. Adkins may be named the Second National Bank ; the Cincinnati Gymnasium and Athletic Club building; the Brighton German Bank building, of Cincinnati ;. the Audubon building, of New Orleans, Louisiana ; the High School building of Norwood, Ohio ; the Carnegie Library, of Norwood ; the First National and Norwood National Banks of Norwood ; and many beautiful residences, among which are those of Rudolph Koehler, A. E. Hume, A. T. Hazen, F. C. Miller, C. H. M. Atkins, Mrs. Charles J. Christie, Mrs. Anderson, George Puchta, Mrs. Dora Farrin and others of Cincinnati. In October, 1898, at London, Ohio, Mr. Adkins was united in marriage to Miss Olive Bridgman, a daughter of J. C. and Lucy (Pelton) Bridgman, and to this union two children have been born, Marcia and Eleanor. The Bridgmans are one of the old families of America and can claim eight generations of descent in the new world. The emigrant ancestor came from Sussex, England, and his descendants settled in New Hampshire. The line on the paternal side has been traced to Sir Orlando Bridgman in England. Mr. Adkins gives close attention to his profession but has found time to cultivate the social relations and is a member of the Business Men's Club and the Cincinnati Gymnasium and Athletic Club. He has from the beginning of his professional career adhered to high ideals and has steadily advanced. until he occupies a place in the front rank as an architect. His designs are noted for their originality and beauty and it is safe to prophesy a steadily widening field for his activities. MARSHAL HALSTEAD. Marshal Halstead was typical of Cincinnati, the place of his birth—energetic, honorable, a credit to her at home and abroad, proud of her in the positi0ns of trust he held in many places. His life was short, but in it he fulfilled every obligation of manly industry and accomplishment. He was essentially a modest man and left no autobiography but a record of good work for his family, his city and his country. His heart's inspiration was duty. No matter how hard it was, it was a labor of love with him to make it easier for others. This was true of his splendid assistance to his father, his ceaseless care of his mother, the help and hope he was to a large family of brothers and sisters and because his mind and heart were big, this spirit of useful love embraced a host of friends in the highest and lowliest stations. Like most big men he was gentle and tolerant and fought only when the weak called for the aid of his strong arm. CINCINNATI—THE QUEEN CITY - 333 Newspaper man, diplomat, business man, dreamer of inventions of public utility that have come true, club man, he was always Marshal Halstead, gentleman. He was the oldest son of Murat Halstead to reach manhood, the first son, John, dying in infancy. He was of straight Anglo-Saxon descent on his mother's and father's side. His mother's family came from New Jersey and Pennsylvania. Her grandfather on her mother's side built the first brick house in Cincinnati. His great-grandfather on his father's side' came from North Carolina and settled in Butler county not far from Cincinnati. He was therefore truthfully Cincinnatian by descent as well as birth and he was almost as proud of that as he was of the fact that he was an American. From his father he inherited a sharp, incisive style of writing with indomitable industry and from his mother rare business abilities, patience and minute care of exact neatness in thought and action. There was nothing that he did not see and take note of, s0 that through his observation he was a man of wide and accurate information. He knew what he knew and he took 'pains to find out what he was uncertain about. It was this that made him a successful newspaper man and of rare value t0 his country as its representative at Birmingham, England. There his native ability, broadened by his newspaper experience, marked him as one of the pi0neers in the modern American system of foreign representation. Marshal Halstead was educated in the Cincinnati public schools, starting in the primary department of the Seventh District school, then located on the site of the present San Raphael apartments, a short distance across the street from the family home. He passed through the various grades and then through the second intermediate school, of which C. A. Cunningham was principal. Mr. Cunningham had been a classmate, at Farmers College, of Marshal's father, President Harrison and Bishop Walden. The principal kept a close, stern but kindly eye on the son of his classmate and expressed his approval of the boy on the completion of his course. One year in Nelson's Business College followed. In his spare time the boy watched the compositors at their work, the presses, and studied all the machines, making himself acquainted with the practical working of a newspaper office. His father then sent him to the Collegiate Preparatory School in Freehold, New Jersey. Up to that time he had been in doubt as to which university he should send his son, but a visit of President James McCosh, of Princeton, to Cincinnati convinced Murat Halstead that his sons w0uld be best off under the care of the Scotch philosopher, head of old Nassau. Four of the boys graduated there in succeeding classes. Marshal was head of this delegation, a second good father to the younger sons. He was prominent as an athlete, in football, baseball and especially track athletics. He was a conscientious student and devoted to the work and interests of the Clio Literary Society. He was elected at the end of his sophomore year to the highest social honor in a university, where fraternities were forbidden, the Ivy Club. It was then the only eating club of the many that have since made up a great part of the student life at Princeton. At the beginning of his junior year, membership in the club being for the two upper classes only, young Halstead found that the institution was in desperate financial straits. An injury 0n the football field after he had made the eleven, kept him from the game and so he turned his energies to saving the Ivy Club, of which he had been elected treasurer. He went to the various town tradesmen who had large 334 - CINCINNATI—THE QUEEN CITY bills against the club to tell them to be patient and to get their agreement to his plan for a pro-rata division of the club's cash. Otherwise there would be n0thing for them. He promised that with extended credit. each month's bill w0uld be met and added would: be a sum to lessen the previous debts. The first tradesman to agree was the town butcher, whom young Halstead had conquered in a town and gown fight in his freshman year. The others followed and the Ivy Club was saved. Under his economical management every debt was paid before Mr. Halstead's graduation. His success in this demanded his attention to other :financial difficulties of his fellow students. His nickname from his entrance had been "Senator," but on graduation day he was hailed as "Business Manager of Old Nassau," as recorded in the history of the class of '86. It had been planned that he should enjoy a trip to Europe after his graduation, but -on that day the New York correspondent of the Commercial Gazette fell ill .and -Marshal Halstead was ordered by telegram to take the vacant place. He took full charge that night of the office in New York. Henry Watterson, recognizing his ability and trusting in his truthfulness, made him also the eastern correspondent of the Louisville Courier-Journal, a paper of 'direct opp0site political faith to that of his father. During the Blaine-Cleveland presidential campaign Mr. Halstead was business manager of the New York Extra, edited then in conjunction with the Commercial Gazette by Murat Halstead. Mr. Halstead soon demonstrated his ability to cope with the duties a his position and his success was such that he was called to more important work in Cincinnati. There on the Commercial Gazette he became in turn night editor, editor of the Weekly Gazette, managing editor, business manager and finally vice president of the company. He introduced linotype composing machines five years before any of the other local papers and in advance of most of the great western journals. Marshal Halstead was the constant associate of his father in his newspaper business, as a boy on the old Commercial, as a man on the Commercial Gazette, the Commercial Tribune and the Brooklyn Standard Union. He also managed his father's wide syndicate work. As an instance of his energy after a highly successful Christmas lithographed supplement in Cincinnati, he took a copy of it over to London on a. venture and presented it to Lord Harmsworth as 'an example of something worth doing. The proprietor of the Mail was delighted and put Mr. Halstead in charge of a duplicate supplement for his own paper. The Cincinnati success was repeated in England. After the sale of his father's newspaper interests Marshal Halstead was appointed American consul to Birmingham, England, by President McKinley. In this office he distinctly distinguished himself. He overcame the conservatism and suspicion of the British manufacturers while investigating their methods and aiding American rivals. He fought the British in man fashion and that was the sort of person they liked, though they would have been better satisfied with a consul of less active and inquisitive mind. To best illustrate this we quote from the September issue, 1900, of the British publication Acocks Green & Solihull Journal, under the heading. "Birmingham Notabilities—Mr. Marshal Halstead, American Consul, in Birmingham." After referring to his alertness in. discovering new openings for "his manufacturing citizens," the publicati0n said of him : "He is ever watchful to note the various changes and improve- CINCINNATI—THE QUEEN CITY - 335 ments in manufacturing processes and ready with incontrovertible statistics and daily, weekly, monthly and yearly reports to give every information on the industries of the district where he is accredited, and you cannot deal with general, terms—Mr. Halstead will insist—when you have to treat with experts in various departments of industry ; the consul's knowledge must be exact. Every report which he sends across the Atlantic is closely scrutinized and criticized by commercial experts who are slow to forgive inaccuracy or ignorance, and expect the consul to be as well informed as themselves. Hence the imperative, need for mastering details, for 'conquering the commercial situation instead of letting it conquer you ; and no opportunity, however trivial, must be lost in carrying out this plan. Mr. Halstead is the only consul in Birmingham who is not a merchant consul and since he has been here he has inquired into everything that could possibly interest or be of value to his compatriots. The task, as will be seen, is no easy one, and it will further indicate the amount of work that Mr. Halstead has to perform when we say that his first year's letter-book contained over a thousand pages of typewritten matter, and that he found himself in correspondence with hundreds of American manufacturers and with a large number of Englishmen desirous of purchasing American goods, and additionally prepared trade reports for publication by the dozen, the annual report !of twenty-seven thousand words. Something more than the average man is required to withstand thousands of expert commercial critics. He is a prime favorite wherever he goes and many of his 'British friends will wish that Mr. McKinley is returned to office at the next presidential election, if only for the reason that that will insure Mr. Halstead's spending another term as consul in this city." On the occasion of Mr. Halstead's retirement, after eight years of constant service, because more imperative duties called him home, the New York Tribune called attention to his work, showing how his correspondence and reports to the state department had been of the greatest value to the United States. His newspaper training had made these desirable for publication in the crowded columns of the American Press where they found interested readers among American manufacturers. The Tribune said further : "It was not long before he was advising American exporters against appointing exclusive agencies in Europe for the sale of their goods and confiding their interests to foreigners who would make use of the connection for the purpose of restricting and suppressing dangerous rivalry in business. That shrewd warning against improvident management of foreign trade was followed by details of information in one industry after another, respecting the most practical and efficient methods of enlarging export business abroad. When his reports and letters were reprinted in Birmingham the manufacturers and merchants discovered that a wide-awake American journalist was a model consul. The local newspapers, instead of complaining of official activities directed against the business interests of the town, complimented him on his energy and asked why the consular work in the British service was not done in a similarly thorough and practical spirit." Among the many accomplishments of his service was teaching the American manufacturer the absolute necessity of properly and strongly packing goods shipped abroad. There had been a great deal of carelessness in this matter and the consequent breakage gave an undeserved ,reputation for fragileness .in the 336 - CINCINNATI—THE QUEEN CITY products of the American manufacturers. Before dismissing Mr. Halstead's work in England it is only proper to remark that he had often served his country out of his private means by assisting unfortunate Americans home. His knowledge of men made it possible for him to judge, as a rule, where aid should be given the worthy, but his charity for the weak, whom he felt deserved another chance at home, was personally expensive. There was a big welcome for Marshal Halstead on his return to Cincinnati to enter business here, and he was gladly hailed at his club, the Queen City. He was soon actively engaged in important business affairs where his experience, strong mechanical bent and inventive mind were appreciated. He had long been identified with concrete building and several important patents. In 1907 Mr. Halstead was married to Clara Lunkenheimer, a sketch of whose family appears elsewhere in this volume. The above was prepared by Mr. Halstead's brother, R0bert, a newspaper man, as a tribute to the memory of one who well .deserved the honor accorded him and the regard entertained for him by all with whom journalistic activity, diplomatic service and social life had brought him in contact. JOSEPH ADDISON ANDREWS. Joseph Addison Andrews, who at the time of his death was president of the Andrews Steel Company, had reached a position of notable activity and prominence in business circles through the utilization of every moment and of every opportunity in life. n this his history furnishes an example well worthy of emulation and more than that he was in many respects an ideal employer, coming into personal relation with those in his service and regarding their individual welfare and interests from a humanitarian standpoint. Cincinnati has reasons to be proud to number him among her native sons. Mr. Andrews was born November 2, 1839, and was descended from early English settlers of New England. One of his forefathers sailed from Plymouth, England; in the year 1638, first settling at New Haven, Connecticut, but soon afterward became the founder of the city of Wallingford, Connecticut, where he established his home. Another of the ancestors of Mr. Andrews served as a soldier in the American army in the Revolutionary war and died on one of the prison ships while a captive of the British in New. York harbor. Joseph A. Andrews was a pupil in the public schools of Cincinnati and in Professor Herron's school, where he completed his education. His first connection with business life was that of a small clerical position in a book store but by industry and close application he soon became a salesman. He was also actively interested in a local militia company, known as the Guthrie Grays. At the outbreak of the Civil war that body was among the first to offer its services to the government, becoming the nucleus of the famous regiment, the Sixth Infantry Ohio Volunteers. Mr. Andrews accompanied this regiment to the front and was shortly afterward promoted to the rank of captain. A squad of men from his company while on picket duty in Virginia shot and killed Colonel Washington, who was the last diving representative of the family of George Washington and CINCINNATI—THE QUEEN CITY - 339  was serving on the staff of General Robert. E. Lee and while reconnoitering became separated from his comrades and encountered the pickets from Captain Andrews' company, being shot while attempting to make his escape. From papers on his person his identity was ascertained and his body was given to the Confederates for burial. With his regiment Captain Andrews was transferred to Grant's army in Tennessee and served at Shiloh and in a few subsequent battles, but not long after the engagement at Shiloh he was incapacitated for active duty and was honorably discharged. Soon after the war Mr. Andrews settled in Memphis, Tennessee, where he married Lucassia Bolton, a daughter of Isaac L. Bolton, a well-to-do southern planter and niece of Wade H. Bolton, who endowed Bolton College just outside of Memphis and which now bears his name. For eight or ten years Mr. Andrews engaged in the wholesale grocery business in Memphis. At length, however, he sold out 0utre and removed to Cincinnati, where he engaged in the tobacco business for a few years until, believing there was a bright future for the iron and steel trade he organized the Globe Iron Roofing & Corrugating Company in assassociati0nh his brother A. L. Andrews. This was practically the first metal roofing plant west of the Pittsburg district and the enterprise met with immediate success, growing by leaps and bounds until it became necessary to secure, as a basis of supply, a rolling mill for the manufacture of the iron and steel sheets. Mr. Andrews then purchased the plant of the Swifts Iron & Steel Company, of Newport, Kentucky, which had been operated by two or three companies after the death of its originator, having at one time been in the control of E. L. Harper, who was compelled to give it up when he met with financial troubles in connection with a wheat corner. The plant was remodeled into a sheet mill, since operating under the name of the Newport Rolling Mill Company. By degrees the plant has been enlarged so that its tonnage increased tenfold. The question of a ready source of supply of raw material for the rolling mill became of great importance and to meet this a large plant was erected on the banks of the Licking river about three miles south of Cincinnati. The plant contains immense steel works and open-hearth furnaces and is known as the Andrews Steel Company, while the town that grew up around the plant is called Andrews, Kentucky. In his large industries Colonel Andrews employed many men, with nearly all of whom he became personally acquainted. He was never so busy that he could find time to listen to the story of their trials and tribulations, to give advice when he believed his counsel might prove of aid, and ofttimes he gave substantial assistance when he felt that it was needed. It is safe to say that rarely has an employer of men been held in as high esteem as was Mr. Andrews by those who were in his service. At the time of his death he was not only. president of the Andrews Steel Company but also vice president and treasurer of the Newport Rolling Mill Company and president of the Globe Iron Roofing & Corrugating Company, all of Newport, Kentucky. His sons, Joseph Bolton and William Nelson Andrews, are now conducting his business interests. The only other member of the family is his 'daughter, Mary L. Andrews, a capable business woman, and Manager of the Andrews building. For the last eight or ten years of his life Colonel Andrews was in ill health, resulting finally in his death, January 26, 1909,n he was in his seventieth year. He left to his family a valuable estate as evidence of a life of intense 340 - CINCINNATI—THE QUEEN CITY energy and well directed thrift. In addition to his industries he owned considerable improved real estate in Newport and Cincinnati and the Andrews building in the latter city, which he erected and which is the foremost of his property improvements. He was a man of strong, forceful charadter, intensely practical in his management of business affairs, yet his life was characterized at all times by an effort to improve or beautify anything with which he became associated. A large share of the improvement and adornment of Newport is due to him. The planting of trees was his pleasure and recreation, and he did much to add to the attractiveness of the city with which he became so closely associated in his business affairs. His life was indeed a valuable contribution to the world's work for he seemed to accomplish at any one point in his career the utmost possible for successfl accomplishment at that point. HERBERT P. AIKEN. Herbert P. Aiken, treasurer of the R. F. Johnston Paint Company, is a native of Cincinnati and a son of Charles and Martha Stanley (Merrill) .Aiken, His father, of whom extended mention is made on another page of this work, was one of the most prominent figures in musical circles in Cincinnati. The son pursued his early education in the public schools of College Hill and afterward attended the Farmer College, now the Ohio Military Institute. He had splendid musical training and is a violinist of nch more than mediocre ability. In fact he engaged in teaching music in the public schools for a time but afterward turned to the commercial world for his business activity and was with Dodd, Werner & Company for a number of years. In 1907 he became associated with the R. F. Johnston Paint Company, of which he is now the treasurer and is one of its officers who has voice in its management and is active in formulating its policy and in executing its plans for the development and expansion of its trade interests whiCh are now large and important. Mr. Aiken was married to Miss Laura Emerson,. a daughter of Lowe Emerson, of Cincinnati. Both Mr. and Mrs. Aiken attend the Presbyterian church and theirs is a hospitable home, ever open for the reception of their friends who are many. EDWARD WOODBRIDGE STRONG. Among the men who by their talents and accomplishments grace the bar of Cincinnati and have ably assisted in advancing the general welfare of the city should be named Edward Woodbridge Strong. He is a native of New Brunswick, New Jersey, born December 7, 1853, a son of Woodbridge and Harriet Anne (Hartwell) Strong. The father was a prominent lawyer of New Brunswick and served for many years as judge of the courts of Middlesex county. Mr. Strong of this review rpreparatory early education in a preparatory school at New Brunswick and later entered Rutgers College, graduating in CINCINNATI—THE QUEEN CITY - 341 1872 with the degree of A. B. Three years later he received the degree of A. M. from the same institution. He, was admitted to the bar in his native state and began practice at New Brunswick but has now, for twenty-five years or more, been engaged in practice at Cincinnati. In addition to his law business he has been for a number of years interested in farming, coal mining and banking. He was a director of the Fifth National Bank of Cincinnati and is connected in a similar capacity with its successor, the Fifth-Third National Bank, which is a consolidation of the two banks. He is also interested in a number of other corporations. On the 26th of October, 1882, at Chillicothe, Ohio, Mr. Strong was married to Miss Annie P. T. McClintock, a daughter of William T. and Elizabeth M. McClint0ck, of Chillicothe. Mr. McClintock served as general counsel and director for the Baltimore & Ohio Southwestern Railway and its predecessors and spent a large part of his time in Cincinnati, where he was well known for many years. Mr. Strong was also connected with these railroads in the same capacities for several years but retired in 1900 to take up the general practice of law. He has been associated in partnership with Judge William Worthington, under the firm name of Worthington & Strong, since 1904 but for four years prior to that time was alone in practice. Mr. Strong gives his allegiance to the republican party but is a stanch advocate of honesty and good government irrespective of party and is a promoter of local reform. Socially he is connected with the Queen City Club, the Cincinnati Country Club, the Cincinnati Golf Club and the Optimists Club. He takes an active interest in religious affairs and for many years has served as vestryman of the Church of Our Savior of the Protestant Episcopal denomination at Mount Auburn and as a trustee of the Children's Hospital of the Episcopal church at Cincinnati. FRED VOCKE. Fred Vocke, who spent his last years in well earned retirement from labor, passed away in Cincinnati, May 27, 1898. He was born in Hanover, Germany, in 1843, so that he was only about fifty-five years of age when his life's labors were ended. He pursued his education in the schools of his native country and sailed for the United States at the age of twenty-seven years, landing at New York city, where he remained for a time. He then left the metropolis for Cincinnati and here engaged in the leaf tobacco business, first as a traveling salesman and afterward as an independent merchant, establishing business on his own account on Second street under the firm name of Frese & Vocke. After a few years he went to New York, where he engaged in the same line of business, and when success in substantial measure was his, he retired from active commercial pursuits and returned to Cincinnati to make his home, which he established in Clifton, there spending his remaining days in honorable and well earned retirement. His success was the visible evidence of well directed energy, careful investment and sound judgment and his life record proved that prosperity is ambition's answer. 342 - CINCINNATI—THE QUEEN CITY It was in Cincinnati, in 1882, that Mr. Vocke was united in marriage to Miss Emilia Doerr, a daughter of Charles Doerr,. who came from Germany and, settling in this city, engaged in the bakery business on Vine street. The death of Mr. Vocke occurred May 27, 1898. He had been an active member and earnest worker in St. John's church at Elm and Twelfth streets and was a public-spirited citizen whose interest in the general welfare and progress was manifest in active cooperation with the movements which he deemed essential as factors in good government. While born across the water, no native American citizen was more loyal to the interests of the country or strove more sincerely to uphold all that was best in the public life. He made friends wherever he went. He was well liked because his cordiality was unfeigned, because he was unassuming and unostentatious, and because he sincerely tried to. conform his life to the highest standards of patriotic citizenship and of honorable manhood. B. H. WESS. An extensive business enterprise is that conducted under the name of The B. H. Wess Grain & Coal .Company at Winton Place, one of the attractive suburbs of Cincinnati. This business was incorporated in 1907 and Mr. Wess has since been the president and treasurer. His carefully formulated plans and unfaltering energy constitute the foundation upon which the success of the undertaking rests. A native of Cincinnati, Mr. Wess was born in 1869 and was a son. of Gerhard J.. Wess, who came to America in 1855. Gerhard Wess was born in Germany in 1821 and .at the age of thirty-four years crossed the Atlantic to the new world, establishing his home in Cincinnati. For 'a time he was c0nnected with the wholesale grocery business, first with Straight, Demming & Company and later with their successors, the McFarlan Baldwin Company. His association with the wholesale grocery trade covered about thirty-five years and, in 1890, he was joined by his sons John G. and B. H. Wess in the establishment of a grain and coal business, which was conducted under the name of G. J. Wess & Sons. From the beginning the new undertaking proved a success and, in 1901, the name was changed to. G. J. Wess & Son following the death of the elder son, John G. Wess, in that year. The father passed away in 1906 and, in 1907, the business was incorporated under the present style. When thirty-five years of age G. J. Wess was united in marriage to Miss Anna T. Berger, also a native of Germany, whence she came to the new world in her childhood days. She is still living at the advanced age of eighty years and four of their six children still survive. John G. Wess, at one time in partnership with his father and brother, was born in. Cincinnati in 1865 and educated in the parochial schools of the city. He had been connected with the cracker trade as a traveling salesman for several years prior to 1890, when he joined with his father and brother in establishing the present business. B. H. Wess pursued his education in the parochial schools and in St. Joseph College in Cincinnati and also became connected with the cracker business, acting first as shipping clerk for John Bailey, while later he was identified with the Sol Langdon & Son Company until 1890. He then became a partner in the CINCINNATI—THE QUEEN CITY - 343 firm of G. J. Wess & Sons, the changes in the partnership occuring as previously stated following the death of the brother and father. In 1907 the business was incorporated with a capital stock of seventy-five thousand dollars, with Bernard H. Wess as president and treasurer ; his wife, Mary Wess, as vice president; and W. J. Pirron, as secretary. They grind corn for feed and occupy a two-story brick building, with twenty thousand square feet floor space. They also have extensive coalyards and a coal office, which' they purchased, and in 1906 they erected an elevator, which is situated on Durham avenue and the Baltimore & Ohio Railroad. The main office of the company is at Spring Grove and Mitchell avenues and employment is furnished to twenty-five people, while twelve teams are used in hauling and delivering their product. The business has grown along substantial lines and the enterprise and the progressive spirit of the owner seem to indicate further growth in the future. In addition to his other interests Mr. Wess has extended his efforts to the financial field and is now president of the Citizens Bank, of St. Barnard, Ohio, and a director of the Winton Savings Bank, of Winton Place. On September 23, 1891, Mr. Wess was united in marriage to Miss Mary Schroeder, a daughter of Lawrence and Bernardina (Ronnebaum) Schroeder, the former one of the early pioneer hardware merchants of Cincinnati. They have become parents of six children, Gertrude, Loretta, Marie, Bernard, Charles and George. Mr. Wess holds membership with the Fraternal Order of Eagles and with the Knights of Columbus and his religious faith is that of the Roman Catholic church. He is a member of the Chamber of Commerce and also of the Cincinnati Commercial Association. His attention is largely concentrated upon his business affairs and he never falters in the performance of any task that devolves upon him relative to the upbuilding of the trade or the furtherance of the best interests of the two banks with which he is connected. GEORGE H. WARRINGTON. Some men are born with natural sagacity, facility in acquiring knowledge or talents for special lines of work which are denied others. At the beginning of their business or professional life they make no serious mistakes and from the start move rapidly forward to larger responsibilities. To this class apparently belongs George H. Warrington, who is engaged in the practice of law in Cincinnati. He is a native of this city, born October 21, 1872, a son of John Wesley and Caroline Virginia Warrington. From his early boyhood Mr. Warrington of this review possessed excellent advantages of education. He matriculated in Yale University and was graduated from that institution in 1895, with the degree of A. B. Later he studied law and ever since his admission to the bar has practiced in Cincinnati. He has proven a capable and successful representative of the profession and, as he is a clear thinker, a good speaker and is thoroughly versed in the law, he has from the start enjoyed a lucrative clientage. In 1909 he became a member of the firm of Paxton, Warrington & Seasongood, who continues to date one of the leading law firms of the city. 344 - CINCINNATI—THE QUEEN CITY On the 11th of January, 1908, Mr. Warrington was united in marriage, at Covington, Kentucky, to Miss Elsie K. Holmes, a daughter of Daniel H. Holmes, and to this union two children; Rachel Gaff and Virginia, have been born. Mr. Warrington takes no active part in politics, as his interest is centered in his profession, although as a public-spirited citizen he votes for men and measures that appear to him best adapted to promote the welfare of the city, state and nation. He is broad minded and liberal hearted and demands for others the same freedom of thought and action that he asks for himself. A viligant and attentive observer of men and measures, he keeps thoroughly informed as to progress in science, education and all lines of modern activity and is well qualified to express an opinion upon many subjects outside of his profession. Socially he is prominent, being an active member of The Pillars and the Queen City, the Cincinnati Country and Cincinnati Golf Clubs. CHARLES W. DODD, M. D. The name of Dr. Charles W. Dodd appears upon the list of those wh0 have regarded life as an opportunity for serviceableness in the world and in his profession he attained a high position through close study, broad experience and earnest desire to aid his fellowmen. While he continued for some years in the general practice of medicine, he later specialized in the treatment of diseases of the eye, ear and nose, and such was his skill and efficiency in this field that he came to be regarded as authority among physicians and by the general public upon the line of his specialty. His life record covered less than forty-four years and yet within that period he accomplished splendid work. He was born in Cincinnati on February 5, 1860, and died February 7, 1904. His father, William Dodd, was born in 1812 and lived to the 19th of May, 1896, reaching the venerable age of eighty-four years. He came to Cincinnati when it was a small town and remained until his death one of its leading citizens, active in business and always helpful in his relations to the public welfare. His widow died at the advanced age of eighty-six years, in 1911. Dr. Dodd was a pupil in the public schools of Cincinnati and eventually made preparation for the practice of medicine in the Michigan State University at Ann Arbor, from which in due time he was graduated. Immediately afterward he entered upon general practice in his native city, devoting a few years to that work, and then went abroad for travel and study, carrying on his investigation along special lines which particularly qualified him for the treatment of diseases of the eye, ear and nose. He pursued his studies under some of the most eminent specialists of Vienna and upon his return became recognized as an authority in that field of practice. It was while he was traveling abroad that Dr. Dodd was married in Vienna, on the 21st of March, 1889, to Miss Eda Steinhaubel, a native of Vienna, and unto them was born a daughter, Natalie M. Dr. Dodd was a man of domestic tastes ; he was active in the new church and was a man of charitable view and kindly appreciation, who recognized that each individual has much to contend with and that it is the duty of everyone to extend a helping hand when aid is CINCINNATI—THE QUEEN CITY - 345 needed. He belonged to' several medical societies and through their proceedings kept in close, touch with what is being done by the medical fraternity, not only in this country but in foreign lands as well. He discharged all of his professional duties with a sense of conscientious obligation and his ability was manifest in the excellent- results achieved. He was ever patient in listening to his patients, yet his own good judgment enabled him to delve quickly to the root of the matter and bring forth the needed remedial agency. His ability was widely recognized by the profession who accorded him a prominent place in their ranks and gave to him the respect and admiration ever accorded by broad-minded men to those whose work in the world counts for progress. WILLIAM A. SAYERS. William A. Sayers is president of the Sayers & Scovill Company, manufacturers of carriages, vehicles and commercial trucks, with factories at No. 2247 to 2261 Colerain avenue. 1908business was organized in 1908 and has had continuous growth since that time, for it was established upc0nductedd basis and has been conducted along progressive lines. Mr. Sayers well deserves mention among the leading representatives of industrial activity in Y0rk city. He was born in , New York city, March 2, 1850, and is a son of W. W. and Sarah (Butler) Sayers. The father was also a carriage manufacturer and in 1855 came to Cincinnati. where he died in 1893 at the age of sixty-seven years, his remains being interred in the Episcopal cemetery at Albany. He had long survived his wife, who died in 1853, when their son William was but three years of a0f. The father was an officer of the Civil war, having served as a captain of the Twenty-seventh Ohio Volunteer Infantry. It was his father who was the founder of the family in America. The Sayers were originally residents of the north of Ireland, whence the grandfather of our subject came to the United States in the eighteenth century. William A. Sayers acquired his early education at Greenfield, Highland county, Ohio, where his father and his business associates maintained their carriage factory. He left the public schools, however, at the age of fourteen years and learned the trade of carriage building with his father, with whom he remained for three years. He then started out in the world independently and in 1867 established a permanent abode at Cincinnati. Prior to that year he had divided his time between Highland and Cincinnati. When he first. came to the city in 1864 he lived with his grandmother, and when his father established a wholesale grocery business William A. Sayers entered his employ as a clerk, devoting a year to that work prior to entering into active connection win the carriage-making trade. In 1867 he began learning the building of vehicles with his father, who had returned to his old line of business in Highland, the son there completing a three years' apprenticeship. In 1869 he was again in Cincinnati, where he became an employe in the wood department of the carriage-building establishment of John W. Goslin, there remaining until he embarked in business 'on his own account in the summer of 1876 under the name of William A. Sayers. He opened his factory on Eighth and Sycamore streets and soon his trade increased to such 346 - CINCINNATI—THE QUEEN CITY an extent that his original plant was not adequate to the demands of the business and he opened two others shops in that vicinity. In 1877 he admitted A. K. Scovill to a partnership and the firm name of Sayers & Scovill was assumed. They removed to the Niemeier factory on Liberty and Walnut streets, where they maintained their wood-working department until 1882. In that year they removed to their present location on Colerain avenue. Here they secured what had been a large pork factory, which they remodeled, converting it into a carriage factory. They have a floor space of five acres and in addition to this they have buildings for the storage of lumber covering another four acres. Their plant, therefore, altogether covers nine acres and is the largest vehicle factory in the city. Something of the extent and volume of their trade is indicated in the fact that they now employ two hundred and twenty-five men in addition to their office staff. They make a specialty of the building of light vehicles, hearses and commercial trucks, and their output is shipped to all parts of the country. Their plant is splendidly equipped with the most modern machinery and the officers of the company have surrounded themselves with a corps of competent assistants as heads of the different departments. The workmen employed, too, are skilled in their particular lines and thus an excellent output is secured. In addition to his important industrial and manufacturing interests Mr. Sayers is a director of the Brighton Bank. In Cincinnati, on the 27th of April, 1882, Mr. Sayers was united in marriage to Miss Fanny M. Thomas, a daughter of Richard A. and Agnes Thomas, her father being connected with the stock department of the Pennsylvania Railroad. Mr. and Mrs. Sayers reside at Glendale in Hamilton county and are members of the Glendale Episcopal church. Politically he is a republican and is serving as a member of the board of public affairs at Glendale. In Masonry he has attained high rank, being now a Consistory Mason and a member of the Mystic Shrine. He belongs also to the Queen City Club, the Country Club, the Carriage Makers' Club and the Cincinnati and Hamilton County Golf Clubs. Recreation, public work and religious activity constitute an even balance in his life with his business affairs, which have been of constantly growing importance, placing him in a leading position among the carriage manufacturers of the city and state. His early training was thorough, his experience has been broad and practical and he has ever held to high ideals in the conduct of his business, placing upon the market vehicles noted for durability as well as for style and .finish. In trade transactions he is thoroughly reliable and his commercial integrity constitutes one of the important factors in his success. EDWARD C. MUHLHAUSER. Edward C. Muhlhauser, who is prominently connected with the brewing business in Cincinnati, is a member of a family whose name has been well known in this city for many years. He was born in Cincinnati, September 21, 1867, his parents being Gottlieb and Christina G. Muhlhauser. The family home was at that time at Wade and Plum streets. A complete sketch of the father, Gottlieb Muhlhauser, who was one of the most prominent brewers in Cincinnati, appears CINCINNATI--THE QUEEN CITY - 349 in another part of this work. His wife is still living and makes her home in this city. Mr. Muhlhauser, whose, name introduces this review, received his early education in the public and high schools and took a course at Bartlett's Business College, At the age of seventeen he entered the employ of his father as clerk and later was appointed cashier, a position which he held for five years. Feeling the importance of a thorough knowledge of a business to which he expected to devote his entire life, he went to Europe and became a student of the Lehmann Brew College of Worms, Germany, from which he received a diploma in brewing and malting. He next entered the Leyser Brew College at Augsburg, Bavaria, and after pursuing the regular course was awarded a certificate for laboratory work. His next step was to become connected with the Hofbrau Haus at Munich and for six months he was identified with this noted establishment, acquiring a knowledge that has been of special benefit to him in his work. After traveling through the principal countries of Europe and making many interesting observations he returned to Cincinnati in 1891 and reentered the service of the Windisch-Muhlhauser Brewing Company as one of the members of the .firm. He is a director of the company and actively engaged in its management. He is also interested financially in a number of live business enterprises of the city. Mr. Muhlhauser resides with his mother at No. 205 East Auburn avenue. He is a member of the Chamber of Commerce and is identified with the Benevolent Protective Order of Elks and the Cuvier Press Club and is one of the original members of the Cincinnati Automobile Club. He is likewise connected with various benevolent and fraternal organizations of German-Americans in Cincinnati. Religiously he is affiliated with the German Evangelical church. Having made careful preparation for the work to which he devotes his attention, he is thoroughly qualified for the discharge of its responsibilities and ranks as one of the intelligent and progressive brewers of Cincinnati. He can claim a host of friends who have always found him to be true to every obligation. M. M. ROBERTSON. M. M. Robertson, who for the past ten years has been prominently identified with the real-estate interests of Cincinnati, was born in the vicinity of Piedmont, Virginia; about fourteen miles from Jefferson's old home, at Charlottesville, Virginia, in 1863. Reared in his native state, M. M. Robertson acquired his education in public and private schools, after the completion of which he engaged in .the real-estate business in. Stanton, Virginia. n 1900 he removed to Cincinnati, making quite extensive personal investments in property here. He finally organized the Robertson Realty Company, which was incorporated in December, 1904, with M. M. Robertson, president and treasurer; Alfred G. Allen, secretary ; and J. Chandler and G. P. Evans, directors. Robertson also organized the Queen City Savings .Bank & Trust Company. During the first two years he was vice president of the latter institution but was subsequently elected president, which office he held until the bank was sold to the Provident Savings Bank & Trust Vol. IV—18