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CHAPTER X.
CHURCHES.

[BY REV. DUDLEY WARD RHODES, D.D.]
INTRODUCTORY-PRESBYTERIAN CHURCH-PRESBYTERIAN REFORMED-METHODIST EPISCOPAL, CHURCH-OTHER METHODIST CHURCHES- NEW JERUSALEM CHURCH-THE FRIENDS-BAPTIST CHURCH-- PROTESTANT EPISCOPAL CHURCH--CONGREGATIONAL CHURCHES--UNITARIAN CHURCH- JUDAISM - LUTHERAN CHURCHES - DISCIPLES OF CHRIST-GERMAN EVANGELICAL PROTESTANT CHURCH-ROMAN CATHOLIC CHURCH--MISCELLANEOUS CHURCHES -STATISTICS.

N0 branch of historical research presents more difficulties than that of the religious development of a community. The external signs of growth or decay are easily marked. The comparison of churches, colleges, schools, hospitals at different epochs is not difficult. The amount of money given, and of members registered, may be accurately noted, but the real history of religion is the history of the spirit which animates and energizes these forms and institutions; and the careful historian may often indicate to his readers that the epochs which seem most barren, and where there seems to be a steady loss of power, are the very ones where religion is found to be doing its most powerful work. Never was Protestant religion So much of a power in the Netherlands as in the days of Philip II, when, to the mere statistician, churches were everywhere decreasing and church membership falling Steadily year by year, and never was Latin Christianity more aggressive than in the middle of the sixteenth century, when she had been shorn of half her equipments.

But in addition to this difficulty of portraying adequately the spiritual power of religion, of depicting the hidden influences which make for honesty, integrity, purity, good citizenship, faith and patriotism, there is another difficulty which oppresses the historian of religion in a community like Hamilton county. At whatever epoch he directs his attention, he Sees a steady efflux of Christian workers toward western communities. He sees the churches of every denomination painfully gathering and educating and Christianizing men, who disappear from his gaze at the next, epoch, not by death, not by lapse into irreligion, but by emigration. They are lost from the ranks of the local bodies, and the records make the loss apparent and disheartening, but they are still answering to the roll call of the great army, and are the fruit of faithful work done here, fruit which has "its seed in itself." Many powerful churches by the Missouri, or the Platte, or still farther west "where the Oregon raves ceaselessly," are the developments of the seed sown by Lyman Beecher, or Bishop McIlvaine, or Bishop Fenwick, or the fervent Methodist meeting of four-score years ago. That process of "swarming," as it may be called, which is plainly marked at all times in the history of Cincinnati, is even more pronounced

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in the closing decade of the century. Every local church is drained of its strength, and is constantly dismissing to other places its best and most energetic members. Some, having acquired wealth, are moving east, into the older cities, to enjoy it. More are feeling the pressure of competition in crowded cities and moving far west, to make their fortunes, their homes and their graves. This enormous loss, by no means offset by gains of the same nature, must be taken into account in any rational view of the religious progress of a hundred years. But. it must not be thought that these preliminary words are made necessary because of the failure of the churches to keep pace with the progress of the city and county.

The subsequent pages will show how remarkable has been the continually expanding growth of organized religion, far in excess of other branches of civil culture and refinement. '1'o that growth, when it, has been fully described and understood, the reflecting reader will add a large percentage which justly belongs to it but is necessarily listed in other communities.

Such a chapter as this can deal only with the organizations which have risen and fallen, those bodies through which the Spirit of Religion has breathed. The great and small churches of Protestant Christianity, the Roman Catholic Church, and the Jewish Synagogue have all been active, and must all be studied for a comprehensive and accurate knowledge of their subject. The reader may not find it uninteresting, and will not find it unprofitable, to take these denominations in their order and follow their development in a rapid, but accurate surrey.

PRESBYTERIAN CHURCH.

While the first church organized in Hamilton county seems to have been a Baptist Church at Columbia, there can be no doubt that the great mass of the early settlers were desirous of worshiping God after the form of the Presbyterian Church, and the early history of religious life is the history of Presbyterianism. Indeed, it has been this church that has furnished the striking incidents of religious history during the century. The controversies of Dr. Rice, the brilliant career of the Stowes, the trial of Lyman Beecher, the revivals under Joshua Wilson, the foundation and growth of Lane Seminary, and the trial of Prof. Henry Preserved Smith, are the causes celebres of our ecclesiastical history. That precedence she had here in time, which was but an accident, the great Presbyterian Church has crowned by a precedence in activity and zeal. The fierceness of her debates has not been greater than the volume of her liberality, and the wonderful multiplication of her missions and churches at the present time is enough to convince the world that great intellectual ferment and doctrinal disturbance, however painful they may be, are only possible in organizations in which there is an intense earnestness and power of conviction.

The lofty spire of the First Presbyterian church rises over the ground first set apart in Cincinnati for religious uses. The south half of the square, between Fourth and Fifth and between Walnut and Main streets, was dedicated in the plat and survey of the village for a religious house, a burial ground and a school, and there, after the lapse of a century, are still found the First church and the Cincinnati College (now the Law School), while the quiet resting place in which the forefathers of the hamlet slept has been covered with great buildings and made noisy with myriad-voiced trade. On this ground, so set apart, Rev. James Kemper, still honored by those who bear his name in Cincinnati, began his labors as the first settled pastor in 1791. The church was still unorganized because of the scarcity of male members, but eight individuals formed the nucleus of the body. In September, 1793, there being nineteen. adult male members, an organization was effected by the election of five ruling elders and two deacons. In the meantime preparations had been made for a church building, and subscriptions had been secured. In the long list of those who contributed to this pioneer church may be found the name of nearly

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every male settler in the village, and of many of the officers of the garrison. With the $100 contributed, and the labor and material which were given instead of money, the modest little frame building rose, facing Main street about a hundred feet north of Fourth street, and of course not immediately upon the site of the present church. This little nursery of the churches was about thirty feet by forty, being of one story and of one room, and when occupied in October, 1792, it had neither lath nor plaster, nor ceiling nor floor. The bare earth was beneath the worshipers. Judge Burnet describes the house, and says in addition that the "seats were constructed of boatplank supported by blocks of wood. They were, of course, without backs, and here our forefather pioneers worshiped with their trusty rifles between their knees. On one side of the house a breastwork of unplaned cherry boards was constructed, which was styled the pulpit, behind which the preacher stood on a piece of boat-plank supported by two blocks of wood."

In the very month of the completion of this building, it witnessed three remarkable events : The first trial and conviction for murder, the first installation of a pastor, and the first meeting of a Presbytery were within its walls. It was the courthouse, the assembly room, the church of the community. As quietness came to the settlement, and Wayne's victory decreased the fears of Indian outbreaks, advances toward a better and more comfortable building were made. Floor and ceiling and fence were provided, and in the list. of subscribers for this additional expense many new names appear which still adorn the roll of Cincinnati's best, families. From the organization of this First church in 1793 until the installation of Rev. Joshua L. Wilson in 180`8, there were three pastors, and several intervals, one as long as three years, when there was no pastor. When Mr. Wilson came, he came to stay, and his long and eventful ministry will never be forgotten among the formative elements of our civic life. When he was laid to rest in Spring Grove in 1840, be had been for thirty-eight years a powerful and positive force in the community. When we read the story of his life it seems impossible that only half a century separates him from us. He had the ruggedness and severity of doctrinal conviction that impress while they dismay us in Hawthorne's pictures of Puritan New England. He prosecuted the trial of Lyman Beecher, his brother pastor, and pressed it to the conclusion, animated by the same spirit that was in Prym and Prynne, in Mather and Eliot. The voice of Nicaea was not more binding upon Athanasius and Leo, than was the truth as he had been taught it upon Dr. Wilson, and no man ever spoke with less uncertain sound upon the principles of the faith. His long career deserves a more extended notice, but of the man himself we must be content with the eulogy of his friend E. D. Mansfield, who knew him throughout his pastorate.

The city he found a village of one thousand inhabitants, and left it at his death with one hundred thousand. In this period Dr. Wilson maintained, throughout, the same uniform character and the same inflexible firmness in principle. He was a man of ardent temperament, with great energy and decision of character. The principles he once adopted he held with indomitable courage and unyielding tenacity. He was not only a Presbyterian, but one of the strictest sect. It is not strange, therefore, that he contended with earnestness for what he thought the faith once delivered to the saints, and that in this he sometimes appeared as much of the soldier as the saint. In consequence of these characteristics many persons supposed him a harsh or bigoted man. But this was a mistake, unless to be in earnest. is harshness, and to maintain one's principles bigotry. On the contrary Dr. Wilson was kind, charitable, and, in those things he thought right, liberal. During his pastorate, the little frame church gave place to the "two-horned" church so called from its two cupola-;. This was in 1815, when the number of communicants had risen to 160. The large subscription to this building ($16,745) indicates the increasing wealth and prosperity of the community, and the capacity of the structure, which accommodated over two thousand people, shows the large increase in the community itself. The

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third building, which is the present one, was erected in 1853. Rev. Hugh Gilchrist is the pastor, and among his predecessors were Rev. George Beecher and Rev. Frank Monfort. The spacious rooms in the basement of this church are the meeting place for the Evangelical Alliance, and in the church itself took place the trial of Dr. H. P. Smith in November, 1892, and here the General Assembly of 1888 held its session.

The Second Presbyterian Church was an off-shoot from the pioneer church, whose history we have followed with wore detail than will be possible with the history of others.

The record of the Second church begins in 1816, and the church edifice was first occupied in 1818. This was a small building on the northeast corner of Fifth and Walnut streets, where the great government building now stands. In 1829 the Society was incorporated, and soon after moved into a larger and better building on Fourth street, where the McAlpin Company are now doing business; from thence they moved in 1872 to the present handsome church on Eighth and Elm streets. The most distinguished pastorate of this church was that of Lyman Beecher from 1831 to 1842. Both as president of Lane Seminary and pastor of the Second church he exerted a vast influence upon the entire country, and is the largest figure in the first century of the religious life of Cincinnati. Gradually the Second church began to take a leading position. and is still the most powerful and wealthy congregation of the Presbyterians in the city. Among the prominent pastors have been Dr. M. L. P. Thompson; Dr. Thomas H. Skinner; Dr. George P. Hays, and Dr. Eells. At this time Dr. W. S. Plumer Bryan is the pastor. The missionary activity of the Church has been phenomenal. From it, directly or indirectly have come the means and energy to establish the Seventh Street church, the Poplar Street church, the Mohawk Mission, the fine church on Price Hill with the Westminster school, over which active work Dr. Harley J. Stewart is pastor, and it has also sent the largest part of the early colonists to the most flourishing churches in the suburbs. The Sunday-school, which has been the favorite work of Peter Rudolph Neff, has been an enormous power, not equaled by any other in the Ohio Valley.

The great organization on Walnut Hills, known popularly as the Lane Seminary Church, was organized in 1831, and in 1879 an earlier organization, known as the First Presbyterian Church of Walnut Hills. was united with it and gave its name to the single church. Here there are at present time 800 communicants under the pastoral charge of Rev. Dr. William McKibben. The lay work of Hon. Thomas McDougall has been very effective, and in addition to his other labors of teaching and acting as an elder he has recently built and given a beautiful chapel on Shillito street for a now congregation.

The new Mt. Auburn Church was organized in 1867, and after a prosperous career of twenty-five years bas just entered into a magnificent new church, erected at a cost of $100,000. What Mr. McDougall has been on Walnut Hills, Mr. Matthew Addy has been to this church. A most efficient Bible teacher for many years, he has recently built a beautiful chapel in memory of his son, called Clifford Chapel, for a mission congregation in Corryville. Dr. Henry Melville Curtis is pastor of this church, and has over four hundred and fifty communicants, and a Sunday-school of nearly seven hundred under his administration..

Space will not permit more than the mention of the strong Avondale church over which Dr. Lowe has been pastor for the last four years, of Wyoming and College Hill, where Dr. Taylor and Dr. Walker are settled, of the Seventh church on Walnut Hills, over which Dr. A. B. Riggs presides, and of many others scattered through the county and doing most efficient work. If a disproportionate amount of space in this article is given to the Presbyterian Church, the faithful historian can only say that considering its priority of organization, its brilliant and varied career, where sparks are constantly thrown off from its energetic wheels, and its present activity in missionary work, it can not be adequately described in smaller space.

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The Second Presbyterian Church, on Eighth street, was organized on July 10, 1817, with eleven members, and has enrolled over 2,500 members.

The Third Presbyterian Church, on Seventh street, was organized January 22, 1829, with fifty-nine members, and has enrolled over 5,000 members.

The Fifth Presbyterian Church, on John and Clark streets, was organized May 29, 1831, with ten members, and has enrolled over 1,800 members.

Central Presbyterian Church, on Mound and Barr streets, was organized April 23, 1844, with thirty-three members, and has enrolled over 1,797 members.

Seventh Presbyterian Church, on Madisonville avenue, was organized December 8, 1849, with ninety-seven members, and has enrolled over 1,200 members.

Pilgrim Chapel, on Ida Street, Mt. Adams, was organized May 5, 1800, with seventy-three members.

Sixth, Presbyterian. Church, on Eastern avenue, was organized December 15, 15-42, with twenty-two members, and has enrolled over 643 members.

Poplar Street Presbyterian Church, Poplar street, was organized January 2, 1859, with fifteen members, and has enrolled over 613 members.

Westminster Presbyterian Church, on Grand avenue, was organized November 1, 1883, with twenty. two members, and has enrolled over 201 members.

Calvary Presbyterian Church, Linwood, was organized April, 1887, with fortyseven members, and has enrolled over 125 members.

First Presbyterian Church, Walnut Hills, was organized October 7, 1818, with fifteen members, and has enrolled over 2.500 members.

Cumminsville Presbyterian Church was organized October 18, 1855, with fifteen members, and has enrolled over 800 members.

Fourth Presbyterian Church, Orchard street, was organized November 13, 1856, with fifteen members, and has enrolled over 524 members.

Mount Auburn Presbyterians Church was organized October 13, 1868, with sixtynine members, and has enrolled over 667 members.

Avondale Presbyterian Church, Rockdale avenue, was organized April 21, 1868, with thirty members, and has enrolled over 500 members.

Clifton Presbyterian Church, (Emanuel) was organized April 19, 1882, with twenty-seven members, and has enrolled over 150 members.

First German Presbyterian, Church, Linn street, was organized in 1850 with twenty-five members, and has enrolled over 200 members.

Second German. Presbyterian Church, Liberty street, was organized in 1866 with twentyfive members, and has enrolled over -100 members.

Other Presbyterian Church Organizations.-Bethany Presbyterian Chapel, Maxwell place; Bethany Chapel Mission, Walnut Hills; Clifford chapel, Vine street; Fairmount German Presbyterian Church, Liddell and Baltimore avenues; Mohawk Presbyterian chapel, Ravine street; Shillito Street Mission; Corryville Mission; Olivet Mission; Erwin \fission, Sixth street.

PRESBYTERIAN REFORMED.

The First Reformed Presbyterian. Church, located on Plum street between Eighth and Ninth, with Rev. David McKinney as pastor, is in a flourishing condition. The present magnificent church edifice was erected in 1867. The Second Reformed Presbyterian Church (Covenanter) is located on Clinton street. The First United Presbyterian Church is located at the northwest corner of Seventh and Walnut streets, and the congregation is in a prosperous condition.

METHODIST EPISCOPAL CHURCH.

Methodism came riding into Cincinnati on horseback in the person of Rev. John Kobler in 1798, and Mr. Nobler has this to say of his visit; "About four o'clock

* Rev. D. J. Star of the East Pearl Street Methodist Episcopal Church. furnished most of this article and statistics for the individual churches in this sketch of Methodism, D. W. R.

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in the afternoon I came to an old garrison called Fort Washington, which bore very much the appearance of a declining, time stricken, God-forsaken place. Here I wished very much to preach, but could find no opening or reception of any kind whatever." The next Methodist preachers who came to Cincinnati were Revs. _Lewis Haul and Elisha Bowman, who preached occasionally and went their way. Meanwhile Rev. Francis McCormick, who is regarded as the founder of Methodism in Ohio, had preached and organized a Society near Columbia in 1801. In 1804 Rev. John Collins carne to the town to buy provisions, and finding the storekeeper, Mr. Carter, a Methodist, was so overjoyed that he fell on his neck and wept. That night Mr. Collins preached to twelve persons in an "upper room" in Mr. Carter's house. Soon Rev. John Sale, the regular minister of Miami circuit, preached in the, house ort Main street, between First and Second streets, to a congregation of thirty-five persons, and formed the first Society of the Methodist Episcopal Church in Cincinnati. There were eight members, consisting of Mr. and Mrs. Carter, their son and daughter; Mr. and Mrs. Gibson and Mr. and Mrs. St. Clair. The families of Mr. Richardson, Mr. Lyons and Mr. Nelson and Mr. Hall were soon added, and the meetings were held in the, "schoolhouse below the hill and near the Fort." From this beginning Methodism entered upon its career of great prosperity.

In 1815, when Cincinnati had a population of 6,498, there were 264 Methodists. In 1830, with a population of 24,831, there were 1,035 Methodists. In 1860, with a population of 101,044, there were 4,085 Methodists. In 1890, with a population of 296.908, there were 6,000 Methodists. But these figures do not show the full growth of Methodism, as many Methodist families have removed to the suburbs.

As in our historical sketch we trace the organization of the Methodist congregations chronologically we find that Wesley Methodist Episcopal Church is the representative of the first Methodist church building, which was erected in 1805-6 on Fifth street, near Broadway, and was long known as the "Stone church." In 1812, Cincinnati having a membership of 226, was constituted a separate charge. This charge was favored with the ministerial services of pastors of great ability, amongst whom were Rev. James B. Findlay, Bishop It. S. Foster, Rev. John Collins, Dr. Joseph M. Trimble, Dr. Joseph M. Mathews, Rev. T. F. Sargent, Dr. George C. Crum and Dr. Asbury Lowry. The present pastor is the Rev. James W. Magruder, who is carrying forward aggressive church work, sustained by a membership of 100, having a Sabbath-school of over 250 attendants, and a church and parsonage property valued at $90,000. The present church edifice for two generations has served its purpose well, being commodious, substantial and well lighted. Among its church officers are the venerable Thomas McLean, P. O. Connell, W. G. Roberts, J. G. Rutter, S. M. Martin, I. F. Tunison, Charles R. Martin, C. C. Startzman, James Neblett, E. E. Chambers and F, E. Clemons.

St. Paul Methodist Episcopal Church is the living representative of the second congregation which was formed, and which built what was long known as the " brick church" at the corner of Fourth and Plum streets in 1819. This congregation subsequently removed to Central avenue, near Fourth street, and built a commodious edifice which was named " Morris Chapel," and which was occupied until 1870, when it was sold, and the congregation removed to the present handsome St. Paul, which was built of stone at a cost of $175,000 on the southwest corner of Seventh and Smith streets. This congregation has been favored with the ministry of men of national reputation: Rev. William Herr, D. D., Dr. William Young, Rev. Dr. Granville Moody, Rev. John W. Weakley, D. D., Rev. C. W. Ketcham, D. D., Rev. Bishop Ninde, D. D., Rev. R. M. Hatfield, D. D., Rev. H. B. Ridgeway, D, D., and Rev. Bishop Isaac W. Joyce, D. D., have filled its pastorate. The present pastor, Rev. George K. Morris, D. D., is widely known as an able pulpit orator. In 1835 this church had a membership of 700, but several colonies have gone out from it, and it now has a membership of about 600, a Sunday-school of 390, and a church

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and parsonage property valued at $135,000. Among its official laity are Dr. C. G. Comegys, Hon. George W. Boyce, J. F. Wiltsee, Richard Dymond, W. G. Doering, H. E. Holtzinger, WV. h'. Boyd, Dr. J. M. Withrow, WV. E. Brooks, J. P. Epply, W. F. Thorne and J. Cochnower; Harvey DeCamp, Joseph Rust, William Hart, William Glenn and John M. Phillips were amongst the charter members of this enterprise.

McKendree Methodist Episcopal Church is the representative of the third Society, and which was first known as Fulton. It is located in a substantial and commodious brick edifice at No. 405 Eastern avenue, with Rev. Edward McHugh as present pastor. Its membership has grown froth 190 in 1835 to :330, with a Sunday-school of 240, and a property valued at $10,000, Dr. G. W. Prugh, L. W. Ross, Joseph Bailey, M. M. Garrett, G. 1V. Bryan, W. A. Crumme, R. Hammersley and J. L. Bliss are officers of the church.

Asbusy Methodist Episcopal Church appears as a new organization in 1840, with a membership of 280. It is located on Webster avenue, between Main and Sycamore, and has a present membership of 200, a Sabbath-school of 440, and church property valued at $153,500; Rev. Charles W. Rishell, Ph. D.. is the present pastor; ,John W. Dale. Prof. G. W. Harper, Dr. I'. M. Birney, Dr. Z. B. Vanzant, William Box, C. G. Vanzant, Jacob Schmidt, James Earley, Henry Dickens and Charles Ireland are church officers.

Trinity Methodist Episcopal Church, then called "Ninth street," situated on the north side of Ninth street, midway between Race and Elm streets, was the fifth Society organized, and appears in 1845 with a membership of 400, made up mainly of persons who had been communicants in Morris and Wesley. Amongst its projectors were Hiram DeCamp, Adam Riddle, Moses Brooks, Rev. James P. Kilbreth, John S. Perkins, Judge M. B. Hagans, Edward Sargent, John Simpkinson and Alfred Simpkinson. Thirty-five years ago the commodious brick structure was displaced by an elegant edifice with a freestone front, and the name was changed to Trinity. Amongst the distinguished ministers who have filled its pulpit are Bishop Ninde, Rev. T. S. Studley, Dr. J. F. Chalfant, Dr. D. H. Moore, Bishop Joyce, Dr. Earl Cranston and Dr. Howard Henderson. The present pastor is Rev. Dr. E. S. Lewis. Amongst its present officers are Louis W. Wolff, Judge M. B. Hagans, George. W. Coleman, A. R. Lafferty, Albert Stabler, A. O. Evans, Dr. M. T. Carey, Luke Kent and C. H. Blackburn, Esq. Other men who have been eminent laymen in this congregation are Charles H. Wolff. C. W. Rowland, Dr. John Davis and Dr. William B. Davis. After the removal of many prominent families to the suburbs Trinity has at present a membership of 400, with 300 in its Sabbath-school, and a church property valued at $75,000.

Christie Methodist Episcopal Church, the successor of " Ebenezer," was organized as a charge in 1840, with a membership of 250. It is located at the corner of Court and Wesley avenue, and has at present a membership of 325, a Sabbath school of 250. and church property valued at $33,000. Rev. Charles Ferguson, Rev. Dr. W. H. Sutherland, Bishop Ninde, Rev. William Runyan, D. D., Dr. William S. Robinson and Rev. M. LeSourd have been amongst its eminent ministers. Rev. C. L. Conger is the present pastor. The late James Gamble, John Pfaff, John Dubois and John 'I'. Johnson have been amongst its useful laymen. Thomas H. Currey, J. M. Robinson, J. H. McGowan, J. H. Davis, W. H. Frillman, M. D. Joyce and F. A. Smith are present officers of the church.

East Pearl Street Methodist Episcopal Church was organized under the name of "Bethel " in 1846, with a membership of 110. The present building is on Pearl street, between Lawrence and Pike streets. Its representative families have generally removed to the suburbs, leaving it with a present membership of 150, a Sabbath school of 100, and a church property valued at $15,000. Amongst its influential official members past and present are James McDonald, James A. Darby, Thomas Dodsworth, James Neblett, E. T. Harman, Thomas McIlvain, Julian Walker, John

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H. Dickerson, Frank W. Ball. James McDonald, Jr., W. H. Reed, William Badger, Nelson A. Walker. The pulpit has been supplied by Rev. J. W. Weakley, D. D., Rev. Adam Bowers, D. D.. Rev. James Perregrine, Rev. J. B. Porter, Rev. D. L. Aultman, Rev. Dr. J. F. Lo_yd, Rev. C T. Crum and others. Tire present pastor is Rev. D. J. Starr, D. D.

York Street Methodist Episcopal Church was organized as a charge, under the name of "Matey Chapel," in 1818, with a membership of forty. Twenty-five years later the present substantial edifice at the corner of York and Bay miller streets was erected. This church has been served in its pulpit by Bishop J. M. Walden, Dr. W. W. Ramsey, Dr. D. J. Starr. Rev. A. N. Spahr, Dr. J. T. Bail, Dr. W. I. Fee, Dr. E. S. Lewis, Rev. Frank Mitchell and other men of note. The present pastor is Rev. A. Austin. Amongst its useful laymen have been Dr. B. P. Good, E. S. Emerson, A. S. Butterfield, Zerah Getchell. P. J. Welsh, Henry Roever, A. A. Curme, Silas Snodgrass, Henry Daganar. C. Cr. Strabley, J. E. Q. Maddox, R. F. Enyart. William A. Megrne. E. O. Green, Timothy Davis, T. N. Lupton, H. T. Lippert, John L. Coulter and Dr. E. E. Stevens. At present York street has a membership of 300. a Sabbath-school of 300, and church property valued at $16,000.

In 1848 there was also organized the Raper Church Congregation, which erected a good edifice on Elm street near Findlay, with a membership of eighty-three persons, and which sustained a large Sunday-school and an efficient church work for many years, but which by changes in the population was transferred to the German Methodist, and subsequently passed into the possession of the Protestant Episcopal Church, by which the good work is still carried on. Rev. J. F. Forbes, William Snodgrass, S. L. Snodgrass. Thomas Fox, George Fox, and Rev. Daniel Harper were the founders of Raper Church.

St. John's Methodist Episcopal Church., then called "Park street," was organized in 1850 with a membership of 184 persons. Dr. David Lee Starr, A. Webb, James DeCamp, Hastings Utley, and J. W. Asher were charter members of this congregation. St. John's now has a membership of ninety, a Sunday-school of 115, and a church property valued at $15,000, located at the corner of Carlisle and Park streets. Rev. E. S. Caddis is the pastor, and H. B. Patterson, J. W. Ashen, A. R. Pugh. Samuel Holden and A. W. Ninall are the church officers.

Finley Methodist Episcopal Church on Clinton street. near Cutter street, was organized in 1852 with a membership of 100. For several years it maintained one of the largest. and most prosperous congregations and Sabbath-schools in Cincinnati, under the superintendency of Charles H. Wolff and C. E. Brooks, but by removals its members have been reduced to a present, membership of 160 and a Sabbath school of 300. Its church property is valued at $13,000. Rev. G. Roughton is the present pastor.

Mount Auburn Methodist Episcopal Church was organized in 18,52 with a membership of forty-nine. The leading spirits in the enterprise were John L. Whetstone, closes Brooks, Rev. Erwin House, and Rev. John F. Wright. For forty years it. occupied an eligible site at the corner of McMillan and Auburn avenue, but in 1893 this property was transferred to the German Methodist, and a handsome stone edifice of modern architectural design and appointments was erected on Maple avenue. This church has a present membership of 130, a Sunday-school of 115, and a church property valued at $30,000. Rev. R. H. Rust, D. D., is the present pastor. J. L. Whetstone, James M. De Camp, Samuel Wells, Oliver Kinsey, C. W. Cole, H. P. Mann, D. Hildreth. N. B. Mullen, Dr. W. H. De Mitt, Dr. A. R. Walker, Dr. George Good, Vincent Flick. and Herman Nippert are church officers, with Dr. J. M. Leonard and Prof. G. M. Hammell, local preachers. In 1853, an independent Methodist Church was organized under the name of "Union Chapel," which for about twenty years maintained a successful organization, but at length disbanded, its members going mostly to the St. Paul congregation.

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Walnut Hills Methodist Episcopal Church became an independent pastoral charge in 1854, with a membership of forty. For many years it worshiped in a small frame structure on McMillan street. but now occupies a beautiful and commodious property on the corner of McMillan street and Ashland avenue. It has also two successful Mission stations. Its pulpit has been occupied by distinguished men, amongst whom are Rev. James Stephenson, Dr. H. B. Ridgeway, Dr. A. B. Leonard, Dr. J. J. Reed, Dr. William N. Brodbeck, Rev. Thomas Harris, Dr. A. S. Keen and the late Dr. J. H, Bayliss. Rev. Dr. Simon McChesney is the present pastor. The present membership is 550, with a Sabbath school of 300, and a church property valued at $75.000. J. S. Perkins, John Sirnpkinson, Alfred Simpkinson, Edward Sargent, Dr. I. D. Jones, Augustus Wessell, T. Pickering, ,J. W. Cotteral, George H. Thompson. J. H. Clemmer, Samuel Ellis, W. B. Ebersole, Dr. John E. Jones, William T. Perkins, J. E. Q. Maddox, J. B. Martin, Dr. R. L. Thomas, and Gen. B. R. Cowan are amongst its official members.

Columbia Methodist Episcopal Church, having occupied a site for about twenty years on Eastern avenue, in 1893 completed a beautiful new edifice on Columbia avenue, and removed into it with a membership of 160 and a Sabbath-school of 250. The church property is valued at $5,000. Rev. S. G. Pollard is pastor, and Charles Crapsey, E. W. Pettit, Dr. John T. Booth, C. W. Short, Walter Tasker, J. H. Rogers, E. F. Rardon, W. E. Mears and Thomas Dressel are church officers.

Pendleton Methodist Episcopal Church, at Delta and Columbia avenues, has a brick edifice valued at $12,000, a membership of 170, and a Sabbath-school of 200. Rev. Henry Hersha is pastor.

Fairmount Methodist Episcopal Church was organized in 1861, and has a present membership of 180. a Sabbath-school of 220, and a church property valued at $10,000. Rev. W. H. Sutherland,. D. D., is the pastor. A small society also exists at North Fairmount, of which Rev. W. M. Brown, D. D., is pastor.

Camp Washington Methodist Episcopal Church has a present membership of 130, a Sabbath-school of 250, and church property valued at $6,000. Rev. William P. McVey is the present, pastor.

Cumminsville Methodist Episcopal Church, formerly Wright Chapel, has a membership of 270, a Sabbath-school of 260, and a fine new stone church edifice valued at $20,000. Rev. Creighton Wones is pastor, and William Gosling, C. L. Doughty, R. M. Brasher, J. C. Heywood, Joseph Tarrant, Dr. A. A. Corbett, and C. F. Rapp are church officers.

Clifton Methodist Episcopal Church was organized in 1892, and has built a tasteful and costly stone edifice. Its first pastor is Rev. Heber D. Ketcham. Amongst its church officers are W. B. Mellish, Edward Mulliken, O. J. Wilson, A. M. Dolph. Dr. William B. Davis, to whom the inauguration and success of this new enterprise was much indebted, passed away soon after the dedication of the church, leaving it as a monument of his usefulness. This church has a membership of forty, a Sabbath-school of forty, and property valued at $40,000.

Mount Lookout Methodist Episcopal Church, located on a beautiful corner at Observatory and Church streets, of which Rev. J. H. Lease, D. D., is pastor, has a membership of 190 with 200 in its Sabbath-school, and a church property valued at $7,500. Hon. C. W. Rowland, Prof. J. E. Sherwood, Prof. J. S. Highland, Isaac Stevens, E. B. Bevitt, Wesley Leeds, J. C. Hall, D. W. Morton, C. C. Isham, S. A. Leeds, W. L. Perkins, George H. Persons, and George W. Bennett are church officers.

Price Hill Methodist Episcopal Church, on Considine and Phillips avenues, of which Rev. A, C. Turrell is pastor, has a membership of seventy-two, a Sabbath-school of 115, and property valued at $14,000. P. J. Welsh, J. C. Harper, Z. Getchell, C. E. Jones, F. E. Kugler and A. G. Allen are church officers.

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Avondale Methodist Episcopal Church, formerly Grace Church, of which Rev. J. W. Peters, D. D., is pastor, has a membership of 184, a Sabbath-school of 225, and church property valued at $30,000. Dr. Jacob Ebersole, William A. Gamble, Dr. E. W. Mitchell, Archer Brown, Jesse R. Clarke, L. A. Ault, W. C. Herron, H. W. Crawford, F. M. Joyce, Joseph G. Ebersole, James O'Kane, E. E. Shipley, W. L. Granger, H. T. Ambrose and D. D. Woodmansee are church officers.

Ivanhoe Methodist Episcopal Church, organized in 1885, has a membership of 100, a Sabbath-school of 175, and church property valued at $4,000. Rev. D. W. C. Washburn is the pastor.

Norwood Methodist Episcopal Church, organized in 1884, bas a membership of 130, a Sunday school of 140, arid property valued at, $5,000.

Fifty years ago the work of Methodism amongst the Germans of the United States began in this city. There are now six congregations of German Methodist Episcopal Churches:

Race Street Church. on Race street, between Thirteenth and Fourteenth streets, has a membership of 180, with Rev. F. Cramer, pastor.

Everett Street Church, between Cutter and Linn streets, has a membership of 220, with Rev. C. E. Plock, pastor.

Buckeye Street Church, near Main street, has a membership of 200, with Rev. J. G. Schaal, pastor.

Walnut Hills Church has a membership of. seventy-five, with Rev. L. Lippert., pastor.

Mount Auburn Church, corner of Auburn avenue and McMillan street, has a membership of 115, with Rev. J. Oetjen, pastor.

Spring Grove Avenue Church, near Harrison avenue, has a membership of fifty, with Rev. E. W. Strecker, pastor.

There are also three congregations of the Methodist Episcopal Church amongst the colored people of Cincinnati

Cumminsville Church, with twenty-three members, twenty-five in Sabbath-school, and Rev. G. W. Bailey, pastor.

Union Chapel, with forty-three members, thirty in Sabbath-school, and Rev. If. W. Simmons, pastor.

Walnut Hills Church, with 200 members, 100 in Sabbath-school, and Rev. Carey J. Nickols, pastor.

Methodism early began city mission work in Cincinnati. In 1842 it had a mission of forty members. In 1864 the Ladies Home Mission Society had 154 members and over one thousand Sunday-school children in its missions. This work is now carried on in the name of the Cincinnati Methodist Extension Society, of which Jesse R. Clark, is president, and Rev. M. Swadener is superintendent, having 175 members, 600 Sunday-school scholars, and two churches valued at $7,000.

No history of Methodism in Cincinnati would be complete which did not give prominence, to that monument of its " Christian charity" which is embodied in the Elizabeth Gamble Deaconess Home and Christ's Hospital, situated on a commanding eminence in the midst of a spacious campus constituting a salubrious retreat on Mt. Auburn. James N. Gamble, and other members of the family of the late James Gamble, purchased and fitted up this property in admirable style for its benevolent uses in 1873 at a cost of $75,000, and consecrated it to Methodism. In honor of their sainted mother it bears her name, and is sustained in its work by the contributions of Methodists. Rev. H. C. Weakley is corresponding secretary and field agent of this noble institution, which has a superior medical staff, and probably the best surgeons' operating room and outfit in Cincinnati.

The Western Methodist Book Concern, located at 190 West Fourth street., Cincinnati, is one of the great, publishing houses of the world, and is a monument to the reading tastes and business enterprises of the denomination. This book business

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was begun for the church in Cincinnati, in 1820, by Rev. Dr. Martin Ruter, in a small room 15 x 20 foot, on Elm and Fifth streets. Subsequently the business was removed to George street, then to Main street near Sixth street, then to Main and Eighth streets, and in 1873 to its present and permanent quarters, where the agents have constructed an immense edifice eight stories in height and fronting on Fourth, Plum and Home streets. The entire property is valued at $450,000. The local advisory book committee consists of J. N. Gamble, R. A. W. Buehl, and R. Dymond, who have rendered valuable services. The publishing agents of the church are Rev. Earl Cranston, D. D., and Rev. Lewis Curts, D. D., under whose management the business of the Concern, with its branches at Chicago and St. Louis, amounted during 1893 to $1,046,298.30, and its profits to $138,853.60, all of which belongs to the Church and is used for denominational purposes. Rev. David H. Moore, D. D., is the editor of its leading periodicals, the Western Christian Advocate having a weekly circulation of 31,000. The sale of German publications and periodicals of the Western Book Concern amounted to $110,207.63, in 1893.

OTHER METHODIST CHURCHES.

Methodist Protestant Churches. -Grace, Kenyon avenue.--Methodist (Colored)Allen Temple A. AL E., Broadway and Sixth streets; Allen A. M. E., Colerain avenue; Brown's Chapel A. M. E., Park avenue, Walnut Hills; Little Zion A. M. E., Foraker avenue; Little Bethany Mission A. M. E., Columbia avenue; Mount Zion A. M. E., Spring Grove avenue; People A. M. E., George street; Union Chapel, Seventh street.

NEW JERUSALEM CHURCH.

This church, over which the Rev. John Goddard has been minister for about thirty years, worships in the comfortable building on Fourth and John streets. The early work was done by Rev. Adam Hurdus, who founded their Society of the followers of Emmanuel Swedenborg in 1811. While there has been no great increase in the number of Societies, Glendale alone having had such an organization in addition to the city congregation, yet the membership has steadily grown, and numbers some of the best and most, highly respected families in the city. The long pastorate of Dr. Goddard has been most influential.

THE FRIENDS.

In 1808 the Miami Monthly Meeting was established at Waynesville, Ohio, by settlers from Virginia and the South. From this center a wave of influence went. Out.

The original meeting-house in Cincinnati was built for a dwelling by Payton Short, of Kentucky, in the year 1800. It was a wonder at the time "why he built those two nice hewn-log houses away out in the woods there." [One stood where Thoms Hall stood-now Havlin's Theatre.] These were idle for many months, when John Arnot rented the west one, and "cut wood on the lot, and with a cart and two oxen hauled the wood away down town," then Main street, Front, Broadway and Third streets.

In 1813 it was bought by Friends for a meeting-house. It was subsequently enlarged and adapted to the use of a monthly meeting, by adding a frame to the east side and erecting a sliding partition. This served the Cincinnati Monthly Meeting of Friends until 1859, when it was removed, and a brick house, which occupies the site of the old log frame house, was built. The following persons paid a subscription for the purchase of a lot and the erection of a meeting-house on the same: Louis Reese; John Swayne; Joseph Evans; David Holloway; David Thatcher;.

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Christopher Anthony; John F. Stall; Thos. Rickett; Judah Foulke; Jonn. Wright; Benj. Hopkins; Jonah Cadwallader; Jesse Embre; Tristram Folger; Elias Fisher; Tim Y. Folger; Lot Pugh; Jesse William; M. T. Williams; John Shaw; John Suffrans; Thownsend Spakner; Thos. D. Foulke; Nathan Lewis.

As early as 1811 a few Friends held, in their peculiar way, meeting for worship in Cincinnati at private houses-in the parlor of the late Oliver M. Spencer, at the residence of Martha Perry, of Cyrus Coffen, John F. Stall, Elizabeth Folger, and others. In 1812 a public meeting was held in the courthouse on Main street, south of Fifth street, attended by Elizabeth Robson, an English Friend, and an eminent minister in this Society.

Soon after this a preparative meeting was instituted as a branch of the Miami Monthly Meeting; and on the sixteenth day of the third month, 1815, a monthly meeting was organized as a branch of Miami Quarterly Meeting held at Waynesville. As a committee appointed to attend the opening of Monthly Meeting were: Robert Whitacre, William Harvey, Asher Brown, Benjamin Farquhar, also Hannah Evans, Rachel Pugh, Hannah Kirk, and Ann Millhouse. This meeting embraced the families of Benjamin Hopkins, John Shaw, Jonathan Wright, Sr., Elias Fisher, David Pugh, Joshua Gibson, Jozabad Lodge, Jeremiah Neave, David Holloway, Henry Paddock, Oliver Martin, Joseph Evans, William Butler, Jonathan Crispin, George Hatton, John F. Stall, Edward Hatton, John Dickinson, Jesse Williams, Jesse Embre, John Davis, Christopher Anthony, Micajah T. Williams, Samuel L. Pierce, William Paddock and others. The Woman's branch of the meeting also embraced many members who would be an ornament to any religious society: Elizabeth Folger, Jemmina Paddock, Sarah Coffin, Elizabeth Masey, Rebecca Hopkins, Hannah Holloway, Sarah Fest, Margaret Folger, Lydia Richard, Hannah Fischer, Agatha Dicks, Hepzibiah Gardner, Margaret Hatton, Lydia Gibson, Elizabeth Shaw, Susanna B. Wright, Hannah Davis, Chary Anthony, Sarah M. Martin, Sarah Williams, Mary Saunders, Elizabeth Neave, Sarah Foulke, Rachel Pugh, Catharine Filton, Susanna Dickinson, Ann S. Tucker and others.

The meetings were large, and well-attended, and great harmony prevailed in all their deliberations. Several families were received into membership on convincement of the truth as taught by the Friends; others by certificate from other meetings, and many others who were not members regularly attended the meeting for worship.

In 1828 John Davis, Ephraim Morgan, Hugh Smith and Joseph Bonsell organized another Monthly Meeting, which was afterward joined by several other families, making their number twelve men, all except one with families. The congregations have since been known as Orthodox and Hicksite. The Hicksite congregation retained the old meeting-house, and in 1858 constructed thereon a new brick meeting house for the Cincinnati Monthly Meeting of Friends. The following persons subscribed to a fund to build the sauce: Jason Evans, William S. Wright, Hannah J. Williams, G. S. Williams, Mark E. Reeves, William Paddock, Thomas Woodnutt, William Woodnutt, Bayard P. Blatchley, David H. Taylor, Joshua Harvey, Benjamin Evans, N. H. Chapman, Joseph R. Chapman, Henry Lewis, William R. Woolman, Thomas S. Seedom, Jesse Russell, John L. Talbott, Thomas W. Kinsey, M. H. Coats, F. Hopkins, Mary Woods, William Perry. It was subsequently learned that additional subscriptions were necessary to complete the house and beautify the grounds, and these persons made donations: Jason Evans, William Paddock, 'Thomas Woodnutt, Bayard P. Blatehley, Hannah J. Williams, G. S. Williams, Mark E. Reeves, D. H. Taylor, Thomas Carroll, Robert W. Carroll, James L. Haven & Co., and Israel Jones. After the division in 1828, the orthodox congregation constructed a frame house on the west half of the original lot, where they worshiped for some time, afterward disposing of it and constructing their present magnificent brick edifice on the corner of Eighth and Mound streets. Murray Shipley has for many years been an active

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member and preacher, and Morris White, president of the Fourth National Bank, is greatly interested in this church.

.BAPTIST CHURCH.

The beginnings of the Baptist Church in Cincinnati are found in 1813; but if we consider Hamilton county at large, we find the Baptist Church at Columbia before all other churches. There was the first ordained minister in the county.

The First Baptist Church of Cincinnati, which now occupies a new church building on the corner of Court and Wesley avenue, has had a most checkered history. Originally incorporated in 1813 by eleven members, it used a log house on Front street until it occupied a brick building on Sixth and Lodge streets.

In 1816 the organization divided and two churches were formed. Subsequently both of these organizations were dissolved, and that, which had been a colony became known as the First church. Since this organization in 1838, many different sites have been occupied. Two buildings on Walnut street, between Third and Fourth, the corner of Seventh and Elm streets, Ninth and Elm, and two buildings on Court and Wesley avenue, have been successively used by the Society. The large burial ground acquired in early years has been a great endowment to the church, as the value of land has risen. Little, however, remains now, much of the money arising from the sale having been used to erect the present stone building. A handsome parsonage adjoins the church. From this parent organization many colonies have issued. The great Christian church, where the disciples of Alexander Campbell worship, on Ninth street, was originally a branch of the First Baptist church, and in 1835 a large number of colored members were dismissed to form the "African Union Baptist Church." In the history of the church for seventy years there have been sixteen pastors. Dr. S. K. Leavitt was the pastor for nearly fifteen years from 1872, and was followed by the present incumbent, Rev. M. C. Lockwood.

The largest and most influential of the Baptist churches is the Ninth Street Church, over which the Rev. Johnson Meyers has presided for seven years. It has a very spacious auditorium with large galleries, and an audience of twelve or fifteen hundred can be seated with comfort. There are nearly a thousand members, and several mission chapels have been built in different parts of the city in connection with the mother organization. Rev. Samuel W. Duncan, D.D., was pastor here for many years, and many notable ministers have preached in its pulpit.

The Mount Auburn Church is fifty years old as all organization, and is very strong. A beautiful stone building stands on the main avenue, built in 1889. In this congregation are found Mr. Henry Thane Miller, known throughout the world for his work in the Young Men's Christian Association, and for his sweet singing; and Mr. W. H. Doane, the author of many volumes of Sunday-school hymns, who acts as superintendent of the large and flourishing Sunday-school. No one man in Cincinnati, in proportion to his means, has been more liberal than Mr. R. A. Holden, also of this church, who at a very advanced age is still active in works of philanthropy. He is the oldest director of the Cincinnati House of Refuge, of which Thane Miller is also a director. The pastor of the church is Rev. E. Armstrong Ince, D. D., who came to it from Middletown, Ohio, five years ago.

The Walnut Hills Church is very flourishing, with a handsome stone church building on Kemper lane. Rev. W. E. Loucks is the pastor.

In 1894 the Baptist churches in Cincinnati were as follows: Bethesda Mission, Mt. Auburn Baptist, Molitor Street; Bethel Baptist, Willow street; Brighton chapel, Harrison avenue; Columbia church, Eastern avenue; Dayton Street Baptist church, Dayton street; Duck Creek Baptist church, Mt. Lookout; First Baptist church, Wesley avenue; First German Baptist, Walnut and Corwine; Immanuel Baptist church, Fallen and Hamilton avenues; Linwood Baptist church, Wooster pike; Mount Auburn Baptist, Auburn avenue; Mount Lookout Baptist church, Delta

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avenue; Ninth Street Baptist, Ninth street; Station A, Ninth Street Baptist, Liberty street; Station B, Ninth Street Baptist, East Third street; Station C. Ninth Street Baptist, Vine street; Station D, Ninth Street Baptist, Steiner street; Station E, Ninth Street Baptist. Eighth street; Third Baptist, Hopkins street; Walnut, Hills Baptist, Kemper lane; Calvary Baptist. (colored), West Third street; Corinthian Baptist (colored), Spring street; Ebenezer Baptist (colored), Broadway; First Baptist (colored), Strong street; First Baptist church (colored), Foraker avenue; At. Zion Baptist (colored), Carr street; Pleasant Green (colored). East Eighth street; Shiloh Baptist (colored), Sixth street; Union Baptist (colored), Mound street; Walnut Hills Baptist Mission chapel, Dexter avenue; Zion Baptist (colored), Ninth street.

PROTESTANT EPISCOPAL CHURCH.

Christ Church, the mother church in this city, was founded in 1817. From the beginning it has been a powerful and wealthy church. Among its first worshipers was Gen. William Henry Harrison, and it soon drew in to itself some of the most intelligent and active citizens of the place. After two years of services in halls and private houses, the church bought from the Baptists their building on Sixth street, and continued to worship there with increasing prosperity, until 1885, when a new church was built on the present site. This lot, 100 feet front by 130 deep, was bought for $9,000. The Society had already, in 1118, purchased a burial lot for $3,000, which it sold to the city in 1860 for $35,000, and which is now part of Washington Park. The old church on Fourth street, between Sycamore and Broadway, has been entirely remodeled in the interior in the last two years at a cost of $40,000, but the exterior is still as it was in 1835, a reproduction of the old Stepney church in London. The continuity and growth of this parish have been unbroken, and the last year book, that of 1892, shows a large and effective apparatus for work and contributions to the amount of more than eighteen thousand dollars, of which more than five thousand were for missions. The first rector was Rev. Samuel JohnstoN, who closed his pastorate of ten years by forming the new parish of St. Paul's. Far more than half of the communicants of Christ church followed Mr. Johnston into this new parish in 1828. The longest and most distinguished rectorship was that of Dr. John T. Brooke, from 1835 to 1847, and many of the now venerable people of Cincinnati still love to talk of the able sermons of Dr. Brooke fifty years ago. Rev. Dr. Butler, afterward chaplain to the United States Senate, held the rectorship for five years; Rev. Thos, S. Yocum, D. D., for six years, until 1870, Rev. Dr. Stanger for eleven years, and the present rector is Rev. R. A. Gibson, who calve in 1888.

St. Paul's parish, formed as above stated in 1828, erected a church on Fourth street, where the St. Paul building still bears the name, and had a successful growth for fifty years, when a union was made with the St. John's parish on Seventh and Plum, which had been formed by Rev. Dr. Nicholson in 1851. The old St. Paul's property was sold for $87,000, of which two-thirds remain as an endowment for the parish. There are more than five hundred communicants in this parish, and the clergy are Rev. Frank W. Baker and his brother, Rev. Walter Baker, D.D. Rev. Dr. Samuel Benedict, the last rector, served for fifteen years, until the distressing accident which terminated his life and labors in 1891. There are two very distinguished names in the history of the church. Salmon P. Chase was superintendent of the Sunday-school until political life called him from the city, and Rufus King was for nearly sixty years a constant attendant, a wise vestryman, and a most liberal supporter. Besides the parish life in the Protestant Episcopal Church, there was the great influence of the Episcopal office, and no two men in the early history of the Northwest did more to create a wise and noble Christian character than did Bishops Philander Chase and Charles Pettit McIlvaine.

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Bishop Chase was a pioneer, rugged, firm, and simple. In the city church he was as simple as in the log chapel which he himself had reared in the forests. Bishop McIlvaine brought to the West, in 1832, a wealth of scholarship, a splendor of eloquence, and a refinement and dignity of character which made him conspicuous at Oxford and Cambridge, and among the noblest of every land. He had been chaplain at West Point for four years. Before him the chaplain had had very little influence among the scoffing and careless cadets. But the records of those four years are phenomenal. The academy was stirred to the bottom, and the cadets were more interested in Christianity than in their military duties. Many applied for orders in the ministry, among them Leonidas Polk, afterward bishop of Louisiana, whose martial spirit revived during the Civil war. He fell on the battlefield, a lieutenant-general in the Confederate army.

From 1832 to 1872, when he died in Italy, the personality of Bishop McIlvaine was a distinctive force in this community, felt in all denominations and in the mass of people outside of all denominations. His coadjutor and successor was Right-Rev. Gregory Thurston Bedell, who perpetuated the great name which his father had gained in Philadelphia, and adorned with even greater eloquence the evangelical teachings of that famous preacher. In 1875 the southern half of the State was set apart as a separate diocese, and Bishop Bedell having chosen the northern half, Dr. Thomas A. Jaggar, successor of Phillips Brooks in Philadelphia, teas chosen to the bishopric, and when his health so far failed as to compel him to ask for assistance, Boyd Vincent, D.D., of Pittsburgh, was elected, and is now the active and beloved assistant bishop of the diocese, and to him Bishop Jaggar dimitted all the ecclesiastical authority. The growth of the Episcopal Church in Hamilton county will be best seen in the tables appended to this chapter.

In 1855 the Church, of the Advent, on Walnut Hills, was formed, which has now more than three hundred communicants. Rev. Dr. Peter Tinsley has been rector of this church since 1869. In 1867 Grace Church, Avondale, was formed under the rectorship of Rev. A. F. Blake, who still ministers at its altar. Before this time the beautiful Calvary church in Clifton had been built, and its memorials still utter the names of the Shoenbergers, the Probascos, the Resors, the Neaves and the Bowlers, and many others whose children still worship there.

In 1872 Emmanuel Church, Fulton, and St. Philip' s, Cumminsville, were admitted to the diocese. In 1876 the Church of Our Saviour, Mt. Auburn, was formed under the rectorship of Rev. Dudley Ward Rhodes, who is still the rector. This church, has nearly three hundred communicants, and large mission schools. In 1866,. Grace Parish., College Hill, was formed, and Rev. John H. Ely has been rector since 1878, and under his missionary work, Trinity Church, Hartwell, was erected into a parish in 1888, and has now 140 communicants. Rev. Dr. David Piss has been rector of Christ's Church, Glendale, which was erected into a parish in 1866, since 1875, and Rev. Lewis Brown at St. Luke's since 1883. The latter has nearly 300 communicants.

In the last three years, since 1890, new churches have been formed on Price Hill (Rev. A. B. Howard, rector, with 100 communicants), Kennedy Heights, Wyoming, Norwood and Pleasant Ridge, and there are now twenty-six churches and organizations in the county, with four thousand communicants; the contributions during the year 1892, so far as reported, were one hundred and twenty-five thousand dollars.

The Children's Hospital, of the Protestant Episcopal Church, situated on Aft. Auburn, has now a beautiful and commodious building, given to the diocese, with the grounds on which it is erected, by Thomas J. and Joseph J. Emery. There are at present forty-two children in the wards, which is as large a number as can be accommodated. The expenses of the hospital, about eleven thousand dollars a year,. are met by subscriptions, donations and offerings taken throughout the diocese, and

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from the income of endowment funds, which now amount to more than sixty thousand dollars.

The reader can not but be struck with the remarkably long pastorates in the Episcopal Church in Cincinnati as compared with those of other denominations. A careful computation shows that ten years is the average stay of all those now settled in Hamilton county, while in the Presbyterian Church it is less than three years, and in the Baptist and Congregational Churches, scarcely more. That unrest and desire for something new, which is such a feature of the modern church life, which is manifested in the ceaseless change of pastors, and which inspired the Presbyterian elder to sigh for the permanency of the Methodist itinerancy, has not yet shown itself in the Episcopal Church here. Perhaps some of the results shown in the appended table may be traced to the stability of pastoral connection, and to the larger influence which comes naturally to the longer experience and deeper knowledge of the people.

In 1894, the Protestant Episcopal churches in Cincinnati were as follows: Christ, Fourth street; Calvary, Clifton; Chapel of the Redeemer, Elm street; Church of the Advent, Kemper lane; Church of the Epiphany, Stanton avenue; Church of the Nativity, Hawthorne avenue; Church of our Saviour, Hollister street; Emmanuel Church, Eastern avenue; Grace, Reading road; Grace, College Hill; St. Paul, Seventh and Plum; St. Philip, Kirby avenue; St. Luke, Findlay and. Baymiller; Trinity, Pendelton and Liberty streets.

CONGREGATIONAL CHURCHES.

The first Congregational Church founded in Cincinnati was the Welsh church on Lawrence street. This was in 1840. The beginnings of the more famous Vine street church have been traced in the history of Presbyterianism. A colony from the first church having established what they call the Sixth Presbyterian church, finally changed the policy of the organization into Congregationalism, and in 1848, the present Vine street church was furnished and occupied. Underlying the whole movement was an intense feeling upon the question of slavery, and, instead of dogmas and rituals, we find the church platform, if we may so call it, dealing almost exclusively with that subject. " Resolved: That no candidate applying for admission to the fellowship of the church will be received by the session who either holds slaves, or openly avows his belief that the holding or resin, men as property is agreeable to God." The same position was taken as to the use of ardent spirits, and the stern convictions on these great questions entertained by the founders of the church gave it a positive and emphatic influence in the city. Strong men also came to occupy the pulpit. Dr. Charles B. Boynton three times came to the pastorate, and each time added to the strength of his reputation. From 1846 to 1850 he made the Vine street church a center of religion and moral life. Missionary enthusiasm and tract distribution were phenomenal, and great revivals took place, adding hundreds to the church membership. Again, in 1800, Dr. Boynton returned to the pastorate, remained during the four years of the war, and gave no uncertain sound as to the duties and perils of that great epoch. His last administration was during the four years from 1873, after which he laid off the harness and waited for the end. His was a great and useful life. He was one of the men of firm and positive character, whose convictions are not mere opinions. The Vine street church may have many able pastors, but it is not too much to say that it can never have any who will be to it what Dr. Boynton was. The church still stands on the old site, and a large congregation and most active work are under the pastoral care of Rev. W. H. Warren, D. D. As the Vine street church was originally a colony from the First Presbyterian church, so the organization known for many years as the Seventh Street Congregational Church was a colony from the Second Presbyterian church in 1843, becoming Congregational in 1847. For nearly forty years this congregation worshiped in the old stone church still standing on Seventh street between Plum and

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Central avenue. At the close of this period a removal was made to Walnut Hills, where a beautiful church was erected, and a large and active work undertaken.

For many years Rev. John W. Simpson, D.D., LL.D., was the energetic pastor of the church and resigned it in 1892 to accept the presidency of Marietta College, Ohio. His successor, the present pastor, is Rev. Sydney Strong, who does not allow any diminution of the energy of the church. That the Congregational churches of Cincinnati have not increased is due to the fact that many of the communicants, when removing from one part of the city to another, find a congenial home in the Presbyterian church, from which body their ancestors here originally came, and as there are no doctrinal differences, there is no great stimulus to begin a new Congregational organization. In every Presbyterian suburban church may be found, even among the elders and deacons, men who were active workers in the Congregational Church in earlier years.

In 1894 the Congregational churches in Cincinnati were as follows: Central, Vine street; Columbia, Eastern avenue; Plymouth, Glenway avenue: Storrs, State and Warsaw avenues; Walnut Hills, Locust and Kemper lane; Welsh, Lawrence street.

UNITARIAN CHURCH.

No religious body in Cincinnati can show a more illustrious line of distinguished preachers and literary characters than can the Unitarian body. Never very strong, never having more than two organizations, still they have been a very considerable force in the history of Cincinnati, and one to which can be properly attributed a very great influence. In the letters of James Freeman Clarke we read of the Unitarianism of sixty years ago, when Dr. Eliot was in St. Louis, and Horace Mann was a power. The little Church was ministered to by giants in those early days. The father of Mr. Bancroft, our great historian, was the first of a line of greater men. Dr. C. A. Bartol, Samuel Osgood, James Freeman Clarke, Christopher P. Cranch, Dr. Henry W. Bellows and William H. Channing, were the early men whose brilliant names shine in the records of our civic life and literature. Their doctrinal positions were such that in these modern days they would be within the pale of so called orthodox Christianity.

Up to this time, 1856, the Unitarians had one church situated on Race and Fourth street. In that year Moncure D. Conway became pastor of the church, and under his more advanced preaching a secession took place, and a second and conservative church was organized at Mound and Sixth street. Here Dr. Bellows again preached in Cincinnati, and Dr. Andrew Peabody, afterward revered in Boston and Harvard University, and Thomas Hill, afterward president of Harvard, and Dr. W. G. Eliot, Horace Mann and A. D. Mayo, were successively preachers and pastors. During the war, in 1862, Mr. Conway resigned, and soon afterward the old site on Fourth and Race was sold. In 1866 a lot was bought on the northeast corner of Eighth and Plum streets, and until the church was built the Unitarians of the First church, under the pastoral charge of Rev. Thomas Vickers, met in Hopkins Hall on Fourth and Elm streets. In 1875 the two organizations coalesced under the title of the First Congregational Church, and, in 1879, the united body occupied the newly refitted Plum street church, and remained there until 1887, when a handsome church was erected on Reading road, just north of Oak street, the old property sold to the city, and under the charge of Rev. George A. Thayer the work goes on prosperously and evenly.

There is also in the city a Unitarian Society of those who opposed removal to the suburbs, and preaching services are held by Rev. E. A. Coil. The winter course of Sunday afternoon lectures at the Grand Opera House, which has been very successful, was inaugurated by the Unity club, and owes its success to the management of A. W. Whelpley, the public librarian. Every year the proceeds of these lectures, after all expenses are paid, are divided among some of the worthy charities of the city.

212 - HISTORY OF CINCINNATI AND HAMILTON COUNTY,

JUDAISM.

The large number and great wealth of the Hebrew people in Cincinnati would lead one to expect handsome synagogues and interesting charities, and that expectation would not be disappointed. No handsomer edifice is to be found in the city than the Plum Street Temple, over which Dr. Isaac M. Wise has been rabbi for fifty years. In this noble structure, whose elegant proportions delight the eye, are seats for 1,500 people. It is the wealthiest organization in the city.

In addition to his duties here Dr. Wise is also the editor of the Jewish paper, and president of the Hebrew Union College. Although this is the strongest organization, it is not the earliest. Fourteen years before it was founded the Mound Street Temple was begun in 1830, and is also very wealthy and prosperous. Here the venerated Dr. Max Lilienthal did his life work, and Rabbi Benjamin and Rabbi Philipson have been his worthy successors. Besides these two large synagogues there are also four others in the city of smaller dimensions.

The traveler on the Sycamore Cable railway looks with pleasure on the beautiful institutions which the Hebrews have erected in Avondale for their sick and aged people. These, the Jewish Hospital and the Home for Aged and Infirm., are Just completed, and are thoroughly equipped for their great work, and together with the Altenheim (or Gelman Old Men's Home), standing near them (which is not, however, a Hebrew institution), adorn this part of the city with their beautiful buildings.

Jewish Synagogues: Holy Congregation of Children of Israel, Eighth and Mound streets; Beth Tfila Congregation House of Prayer, Carlisle avenue; Hevra Beth Hakenisis, George street; Holy Congregation of Brethren in Love, John and Bauer avenue; Holy Congregation Children of Jeshurun, Plum and Eighth; K. K. Beth Hamedrasch Hagadol Congregation, Fifth street; K. K. Beth Hamedrasch Synagogue, West Court street; Synagogue Kashir Israel, Mound and Richmond streets.

LUTHERAN CHURCHES.*

Early in the year 1841 the pastor of a mission church in Indianapolis passed through Cincinnati on his return from a collecting tour among the churches. He arrived in Cincinnati on Saturday, and not desiring to travel on the Lord's Day, remained in the city over Sunday. Tens of thousands of people crowded the streets, and a very extensive negro mob held sway, The police, mayor and military could not. succeed in dispersing the excited multitudes. There were threats of mobbing and razing the churches which had pastors friendly to the abolition of slavery, but no violence was attempted during the Sunday services. "In tie midst of this wild confusion," says the visitor, Rev. Abram Reek, " it was indelibly impressed upon my mind that I must move there and attempt to organize our first English Evangelical Lutheran Church.'' At the next meeting of the Synod of the West, held at Indianapolis on October 0, 1841, Rev. Reek made known his disposition to open a mission in Cincinnati, and the Synod immediately took action to unite with the East Ohio Synod, in contributing for the support, of the missionary the sum of $400 per year.

Rev. Reck arrived in Cincinnati on December 8, and found eight Lutheran meta. hers who were ready to enter an organization. Great difficulty was experienced in securing a place of worship, and the first one secured was at the southeast colver of Vine and Canal streets, in a little, open, rickety place over an engine shanty, the stairs being outside and dangerous. Here the first public meeting was held, the Society formed, and on December 19, 1841, twenty-four members, among whom were John Meyers, Michael Strafer, F. Rammelsberg, Henry Kessler and Samuel Startzman signed am agreement to effect an organization. A few months later the old hall of Cincinnati College was rented, and there the mission flourished until tile

* This history of the Lutheran Churches was written by Rev. E. K. Bell, D.D., and accepted by me.-D.W.R.

HISTORY OF CINCINNATI AND HAMILTON COUNTY. - 213

fourth year, when a church was purchased on the south side of Ninth street, two doors east of Walnut.

Rev. Abram Reck served the congregation from 1841 to 1845, when he was succeeded by Rev. W. H. Harrison, D.D. Four years after Dr, Harrison's entrance upon the work, the lot was purchased on Elm street between Court and Ninth, and two years later the new church was dedicated. Dr. Harrison served the congregation successfully for more than twenty years, was widely known and greatly beloved. In 1865, during the cholera plague, he was untiring in his ministrations to the sick and dying, and on his return from a visit to the sick, was himself stricken with the dread disease, dying after a few hours' illness. From 1867 to 1868 Rev. Joel Schwartz, D. D., served the congregation; J. B. Helwig, D. D., from 1868 to 1873; R. W. Hufford, D. D., from 1873 to 1875; Ephraim Miller, D. D., from 1875 to 1878, and H. W. MacKnight, D. D., from 1880 to 1884.

In October, 1884, the present pastor, Ezra K. Bell, D. D., took charge. The membership had become very much discouraged and decimated by removals to the suburbs, but with the remodeling of the old church building the congregation began to grow and continued to flourish until there is now a membership of nearly five hundred souls, abundant in benevolence and good works. In November, 1893, the church council purchased a lot on Race street facing Washington Park, and at the present time plans and drawings are being made for an elegant new church building.

In June, 1888, a company of members and friends of the First church organized the Walnut Hills Lutheran Church, with Rev. J. A. Hall, D. D., pastor. Among the organizers were Messrs. Fred H. Alms, George Fisher, Louis Voight, J. H. Frey and A. Macbrair. After worshiping in a hall over a grocery on the corner of Gilbert avenue and McMillan street for a year, a lot was purchased on the corner of Locust and Lane, and the present handsome stone edifice was erected. The congregation is in a flourishing condition, and is growing rapidly.

St. Paul's English Lutheran Church was organized by a colony from the' First church. For a score of years members of the church had conducted a Sunday-school on Spring Grove avenue, and in the spring of 1889 H. H. Stuckenberg, H. D. Cook, Edward Froliger, Julius Wiederstein, and about twenty others' organized the congregation. A new church was built and dedicated on the corner of Cook and Draper streets, and since then a comfortable parsonage has been erected adjoining the church building. Rev. E. R. Wagner, Ph. D., is the pastor of St. Paul's, under whose direction both church and parsonage were erected.

The English Lutheran Church is destined to occupy a large field in Cincinnati. The large German population, although for the most part connected with independent German congregations, is nevertheless largely Lutheran, and as the Germans become Americanized they naturally seek an American Lutheran church. The movement of the First church is at present in the direction of closer contact with the large German-American population. There has never been but one distinctively German Lutheran congregation in Cincinnati, that of Trinity on Race street near Fifteenth, of which Rev. A. Broerner is pastor. The congregation is large and flourishing, and sustains a commodious parochial school on York street near Freeman.

It is a singular fact that in so large a German population there should be but one distinctively Lutheran congregation. In this particular Cincinnati is different from any other American city. Elsewhere, the Germans will be found chiefly in the distinctively Lutheran and Reformed churches, but here they have followed the precedent of establishing free German-Protestant churches, which are not connected with any Lutheran or Reformed body. But it still obtains that in these "free" churches there are thousands of people who were Lutherans in the Fatherland and are Lutherans still, and are connected with the free German churches because of family and neighborhood associations.

214 - HISTORY OF CINCINNATI AND HAMILTON COUNTY.

DISCIPLES OF CHRIST.

In 1894 the Disciples of Christ churches in Cincinnati were as follows: Central Christian, Ninth street; Christian church, Fergus street; Fourth Christian, Eastern avenue; Richmond Street Christian church, Cutter and Richmond; Walnut Hills Christian, Locust street; Harrison Street church, Harrison street (colored).

GERMAN EVANGELICAL PROTESTANT CHURCH.

In 1894 the German Evangelical Protestant churches in Cincinnati were as follows: Camp Washington Evangelical, Signey avenue and Rachel Street; First German Protestant, McPherson avenue, Price Hill; German Evangelical (St. Marcus), Clark street; German Evangelical Protestant (St. Peter's), Independent, Elm street; German Evangelical Protestant of Columbia, Eastern avenue; German United Evangelical (St. Peter's), Main and McMicken avenue; German United Evangelical (St. Paul), Race and Fifteenth; Immanuel Church, Tremont and Lawnway, Fairmount; Matthew United Evangelical, Elm and Liberty; Phillippus German Evangelical Protestant, Ohio avenue and McMicken avenue; St. John's, Bellevue avenue and Fosdick, Mt. Auburn; St. John's Protestant, Twelfth and Elm; St. Lucas, Third street; St. Martini, West Sixth street; St. Martin's German Protestant,, Saffin avenue, St. Peterstown; Third Evangelical Protestant, Walnut street.

ROMAN CATHOLIC CHURCH.

Cincinnati is one of the great Roman Catholic centers, and the See city of one of the largest archdioceses in the country.

In 1821 the city was made the seat of a bishopric, and in 1860 of an archbishopric. Dr. Fenwick, who was the first bishop, founded an organization of about a hundred members, with a frame church but no priest. On Sycamore street, near Sixth, where St. Xavier's great church now rises among its schools and other buildings, a beginning was made. Priests and nuns began to come into the rapidly growing West, together with the streams of Roman Catholic immigrants from abroad.

In 1831, St. Xavier's College was opened for the career of education, which it has successfully maintained for sixty years.

The great Cathedral of St. Peter, on Plum street, was consecrated in 1839, and the chimes which ring from its beautiful spire still tell of the grand lay man who was no less the pride of Cincinnati than off the cathedral which he did so much to build and adorn. Among the thousand of Roman Catholic laymen, none has ever surpassed Reuben R. Springer in devotion and unostentations philanthropy. Scarcely any of the numerous benevolent enterprises of his church have known any larger or more willing giver than this good man, and if anything were needed to show that his love of humanity was not limited by his creed, one has but to look at Music Hall, his last and greatest gift to the city of his life and love.

When Bishop Fenwick fell a victim to the cholera in 1832, he was succeeded by Bishop Purcell in a long episcopate of more than fifty years of mingled happiness and sorrow, of prosperity and bitter loss. Enormous advances were made in every direction. Immigration continued and increased, churches could not be built fast enough to take care of the Catholic population as it came in. Convents, academies, hospitals, colleges, parish schools multiplied. The bishop became the head of an archdiocese with the great cities of Detroit, Cleveland, Louisville, Vincennes, Fort Wayne, the Sault Ste. Marie and Covington as suffragan bishoprics. By the time of his death Archbishop Purcell was surrounded in Cincinnati by a Roman Catholic population of 80,000, and in his diocese, which embraces the southwestern quarter of the State, he had nearly two hundred churches and a hundred and seventy priests, seven male and eight female religious communities, two theological seminaries, three colleges, twelve schools for girls, three orphan asylums, ten charitable institutions,

HISTORY OF CINCINNATI AND HAMILTON COUNTY. - 215

140 parochial schools and 120 students for the priesthood. While these statistics are not those of Hamilton county, but of the entire diocese, still they give one a conception of the vast progress of this Church during one episcopate which it is true, however, doubled the ''years of Peter."

The present archbishop, Dr. Win. H. Elder, came from the Natchez diocese, to be coadjutor to Archbishop Purcell, and succeeded him in the See.

The official organ of the diocese is the Catholic Telegraph, which was founded in 1831, and is the oldest Catholic newspaper in the United States. For many years Father Edward Purcell was editor of this paper, and now Rev. Dr. Mackey, the rector of the cathedral congregation, edits it in addition to his other labors. There is also a Roman Catholic paper published in the German language. Both these journals are weeklies.

Among the conspicuous Roman Catholic churches of Cincinnati, we have already noticed the cathedral, and the great Jesuit church, St. Xavier. In addition to these the great German church of the Holy Trinity on West Fifth street, of which Father Moeller is rector; St. Paul's church on Spring street, under the brow of Mt. Auburn; St. George's church in Corryville, and St. Francis de Sale's church in Walnut Hills, are large and imposing buildings towering above the surrounding structures.

In 1894 the Roman Catholic churches in Cincinnati were as follows: St. Peter's Cathedral, Plum and Eighth street; All Saints, Third street; Chapel of the Sisters of Mercy, Third street; Chapel of the Sacred Heart, Betts and Linn streets; Chapel of the Sisters of Notre Dame Church of the Atonement, Third street; Church of the Blessed Sacrament, Wilder avenue; Church of the Holy Angels, Torrence road; Church of the Holy Cross, Mitchell street; Church of the Holy Family, Price avenue; Church of the Immaculate, Guido avenue; Church of the Assumption, Gilbert avenue; Church of the Sacred Heart, Bank and Baymiller; Holy Cross Monastery, Mitchell and Monastery; Holy Trinity (German), Fifth street; Our Lady of Perpetual Help, Steiner avenue; Sacred Heart of Jesus, Marshall avenue; Sacred Heart Church, St. Agnes (Good Shepherd Convent), Bank and Baymiller; St. Aloysius, Bridgetown; St. Andrew, Mound street, Avondale; St. Ann (colored), Now street; St. Anthony's (German), Budd street; St. Augustin (German), Bank street; St. Bernard, Taylor's Creek; St. Bonaventura's. Queen City avenue; St. Bonifacius, Lakeman street: St. Charles Borromeo, Carthage; St. Clements, St. Bernard; St. Edward, Clark street; St. Francis do Sales, Woodburn avenue; St. Francis Xavier, Sycamore street; St. Francis Seraphiens (German), Liberty and Vine; St. Gabriel, Glendale; St. George, Calhoun street; St. Henry, Flint street; St. James, Mt. Airy; St. John (German), Bremen and Green streets; St. John, Dry Ridge; St. Joseph (German), Linn and Laurel; St. Lawrence, Warsaw avenue; St. Leo, Baltimore avenue; St. Ludwig (German), Eighth and Walnut; St. Diary (German), Clay and Thirteenth; St. Mary's, Mt. Healthy; St. Michael (German), St. Michael street; St. Patrick, Third and Mill streets; St. Paul (German), Spring and Abigail streets; St. Philimena (German), Pearl street; St. Rosa (German), Eastern avenue; St. Stanislaus, Cutter and Liberty streets; St. Stephen's, Eastern avenue; St. Thomas, Sycamore street; St. Paul de Vincent, Delhi avenue; Sisters of the Poor of St. Francis, Third and Lytle.

The Archdiocese of Cincinnati: Priests, regular, 90: secular, 149; churches, 195; chapels, 35. Theological Seminaries, 2; students, 116. Preparatory Seminary, 1 ; students 46. Colleges, 3, pupils, 664. Boarding schools for boys, 3, pupils, 357. Academies, 10. pupils, 948. Parochial schools, 93; children attending parochial schools, 22,253. Hospitals, 4. Homes for the aged poor, 2. Protectory for boys, 2. Orphan asylums, 2; orphans, 590.

216 - HISTORY OF CINCINNATI AND HAMILTON COUNTY.

MISCELLANEOUS CHURCHES,

First United Brethren, Clinton and Baymiller; Second German Church; United Brethren in Christ, Torrence road; Welsh Calvinistic Methodist, College street; First Congregational Unitarian, Reading road and Linton; First German Evangelical Protestant, Apple street; German United Evangelical (Zion), Bremen and Fifteenth streets; First German Reformed, Freeman and Hubert avenues; German Evangelical Reformed (Salem), Sycamore and Orchard streets; First Hollandisch Reformed, Mulberry street; Union Bethel, Public Landing; Church of Christ Scientists, Ninth street; Shillito Street Chapel, Savoy street; Seventh Day Adventist, Seventh street; First Universalist, McMillan street.

The following table, prepared by Mr. George E. Stevens, of Cincinnati,. and published in the Commercial Gazette of September 3, 1892, affords much information as to the present condition of the leading Protestant denominations and their progress since 1870

BAPTIST CHURCHES.

IN CITY BASIN OR OLD CINCINNATI. IN RURAL DISTRICTS.

NAME OF CHURCH. NO. OF MEMBERS NAME OF CHURCH. NO. OF MEMBERS

1870 1890 1870 1890

First 300 291 Bethel (Cheviot) 94 131

Freeman St. (now Third. 110 336 Clough 11

Ninth St 615 860 Lockland 191 83

Welsh 34 Miami (Milford) 66 35

German (First) 90 170 Mt. Carmel 18 36

Dayton St 55 Mt. Washington 65 42

Newtown 80 48

Total 1149 1712 Pleasant Ridge 72 48

Wyoming 74

IN NEARER SUBURBS. Linwood 82

Madisonville 74

Mt. Auburn 109 153

Columbia 132 262 Total 799 658 Mt. Lookout 78 75

Walnut Hills 215 Summary, 1870...16 churches 2065 members

Immanuel (North Side) 27 1890... 20 " 3102 "

Increase in membership 1037

Total 319 732 Per cent. of increase 50

DISCIPLES CHURCHES.

IN CITY BASIN OR OLD CINCINNATI. IN RURAL DISTRICTS.

NAME OF CHURCH, NO. OF MEMBERS NAME OF CHURCH. NO. OF MEMBERS

1870 1890 1870 1890

Central 534 1026 Carthage 110 131

Richmond Street 280 264 Harrison 301 305

Eastern Avenue 115 178 Mt. Healthy 49 164

Miamitown 33 100

Total 929 1468 White Oak 103 165

Madisonville 55

Madeira 11

IN NEARER SUBURBS.

Total 596 931

Cumminsville 237

Walnut Hills 131 Summary, 1870 8 churches 1525 members

1890 12 " 2767 "

Total 368 Increase in membership 1242

Per cent 82

HISTORY OF CINCINNATI AND HAMILTON COUNTY. - 217

PROTESTANT EPISCOPAL CHURCHES.

IN CITY BASIN OR OLD CINCINNATI. NAME OF CHURCH. NO, OF MEMBERS

1870 1890

NAME OF CHURCH. No. OF MEMBERS

1870 1890 North Side (St. Philip's) 144

Christ Church 300 390 Price Hill (Nativity) 78

St. Paul's 380 537 Total 281 1396

St. John's 262

St. James' 108 IN RURAL. DISTRICTS.

Trinity 69 34 College Hill (Grace) 39 84

Emmanuel 83 Fern Bank (Resurrection) 91

St. Luke's 245 Glendale (Christ) 73

Redeemer 72 Hartwell (Holy Trinity) 149

Total 1189 1361 Madisonville (Holy Trinity) 68

Montank (St. Thomas) 60

Oakley (St. Mark's) 27

IN NEARER SUBURBS. Winton Place (St.Stephen)... 73

Clifton (Calvary) 45 163

Riverside (Atonement) 22 64 Total 39 625

Avondale (Grace) 34 175 Summary, 1870...10 churches 1509 members

Walnut Hills (Advent) 180 362 1890...22 " 3382 "

Walnut Hills (Epiphany) 132 Increase 1873

Mt. Auburn (Our Saviour) 276 Percent 125

METHODIST CHURCHES.

IN CITY BASIN OR OLD CINCINNATI. IN RURAL DISTRICTS.

NAME OF CHURCH. NO. OF MEMBERS NAME OF CHURCH. NO. OF MEMBERS

1870 1890 1870 1990

Wesley 238 317 Cheviot 50 155

Asbury 168 200 Cleves 154 157

'Trinity 344 520 Carthage 65 224

McKendree 226 233 Harrison 141 257

Pearl Street 70 108 Lockland 158 212

St. Paul's 400 479 Madisonville 124 200

Christie 477 325 Mt. Washington 73 145

St. John's 200 110 Mt. Healthy (German) 99 58

Finley 185 74 New Haven 40 60

York Street 258 279 Newtown 145 311

Ladies' Home Mission 364 125 Springdale 51

Race Street (German) 140 172 Winton Place 184 188

Everett Street (German) 176 188 Addyston 48

Buckeye Street (German) 139 256 Delhi 127

Glendale 83

Total 3385 3386 Groesbeck 176

IN NEARER SUBURBS. Hartwell 200

Ivanhoe 50

Mt. Auburn 47 139 Montgomery 139

Walnut hills 194 524 Norwood 68

Walnut Hills (German) 48 Pleasant Ridge 112

Avondale 27 143 Riverside 86

Price Hill 44

Camp Washington 96 Total 1284 3256

Blanchard German 43

Fairmount 164

Wright Chapel 130 207 Summary, 1870...31 churches 5134 members

Mt. Lookout 162 1890...47 " 8533 "

Columbia 136

Pendleton 67 185 Increases 3399

Total 465 1891 Per cent 66

218 - HISTORY OF CINCINNATI AND HAMILTON COUNTY.

CONGREGATIONAL CHURCHES.

IN CITY BASIN OR OLD CINCINNATI. IN NEARER SUBURBS OR NEW CINCINNATI. NAME OF CHURCH. NO. OF MEMBERS NAME OF CHURCH, NO. OF MEMBERS

1870 1890 1870 1890

Central (Vine Street) 237 300 Columbia 71 148

Seventh Street 327 Storrs 54 113

Welsh (Lawrence Street) 100 250 Walnut Hills 267

Total 724 550 Total 125 528 Summary, 1870..5 churches 849 members

1890....5 " 1079 "

Increase in membership 230

Per cent 27

PRESBYTERIAN CHURCHES.

IN CITY BASIN. IN RURAL DISTRICTS

NAME OF CHURCHES. NO. OF MEMBERS. NAME OF CHURCH, NO. OF MEMBERS.

1870 1890 1870 1890

First 202 336 Delhi 50 101

Second 343 504 Wyoming 83 258

Third, 438 474 Pleasant Run 77 58

Fourth (Orchard St.) 321 140 Glendale 103 174

Fifth 348 351 Montgomery 118 150

Sixth 66 223 Springdale 162 195

Seventh 272 Pleasant Ridge 108 137

Central 373 224 Madisonville 12 131

Poplar St 96 209 Elizabethtown 48 50

Pilgrim 100 105 Heading 90 235

First German 235 123 Cleves 50 115

Second German 125 231 Harrison 115 225

Lincoln Park 149 College Hill 132 194

Mt. Pleasant 14.

Total 2860 2926 Elmwood 41

Westwood 77

Madeira 33

IN NEARER SUBURBS Sharonville 25

First (Walnut Hills) 110 913 Hartwell 155

Seventh (Walnut Bills) 126 Silverton 41

Mt. Auburn 180 344 Linwood 107

Avondale 84 220 Norwood 89

North Side 97 342 Bond Hill, 64

Lane Seminary 164 Ludlow Grove 25

Clifton 104 Westwood (German) 76 Price Hill (Westminster) 277

Fairmount (German) 44 Total 1162 2756

Summary, 1870 32 churches 4665 members

Total 635 2170 1890 43 " 7852 "

Increase 3187

Per cent 69

RECAPITULATION,

NO. OF CHURCHES. NO. OF MEMBERS.

1870 1890 Increase 1870 1890 Increase Per cent

Baptist 15 20 5 2065 3102 1037 .50

Congregational 5 5 849 1079 230 .27

Disciples 8 12 4 1525 2767 1242 .82

Episcopal 10 22 12 1509 3382 1873 1.25

Methodist 31 47 16 5134 8533 3399 .66

Presbyterian 32 43 11 4665 7852 3187 .60

Total 101 149 48 15747 20715 10986 .70