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CHAPTER XXXV.

SPRINGFIELD TOWNSHIP.

GEOGRAPHICAL POSITION-EARLY HISTORY- TAXABLES IN 1809-MT. HEALTHY-LOCKLAND-GLENDALE-WYOMING-HARTWELL-- SPRINGDALE-NEW BURLINGTON-WOODLAWN-CHURCHES---SCHOOLS.

SPRINGFIELD TOWNSHIP occupies an almost central position among the northern tier of townships of Hamilton county. It is mix miles in width from east to west, and seven miles in length from north to south, bounded on the west by Colerain, on the east by Sycamore, on the south by Mill Creek, and on the north by Butler county.

EARLY HISTORY.

This part of the Mill creek valley was early regarded with favor by settlers. One of the first to locate here was Capt. Jacob White, from Redstone (Brownsville), Penn. He came first to Cincinnati, but after a brief residence there decided to locate farther inland. The site of his settlement is the extreme southeastern section of Springfield township, and the date was 1791 or 1792. He built a small log blockhouse, which served as his residence and as a rendezvous for the surrounding settlements in the troublous times that were to follow. It was known as White's Station, and was attacked by a party of Indians on the 19th of October, 1793. Of this attack John G. Olden writes as follows:

"Early in the morning of that day a courier stopped at the station while on his. way from Fort St. Clair to Fort Washington, bearing the news of the defeat of Lieut. Lowry's command near the former fort. Gen. Wayne, who was then at. Fort Jefferson, had sent a small force back to Fort St. Clair to guard and escort a. train of wagons loaded with stores and provisions on its way to Fort Jefferson, and on the 17th day of October, when about seven miles north of Fort St. Clair, the train was attacked by a large body of Indians. The charge was so sudden and furious that the soldiers became panic-stricken and fled without firing a gun, except Lieut. Lowry and Ensign Boyd, with thirteen non-commissioned officers and privates, who, after a desperate resistance, were all killed. The train was plundered and sixty-four horses were taken, but the wagons were left standing in the road. Of this disaster Gen. Wayne thought best to advise the settlements and warn them of danger, and for this purpose the messenger that came to White's Station Was sent.

" A general feeling f security bad prevailed throughout the settlements, based upon the supposition that the whole force f the enemy was required to defend their villages along the Maumee and St. Mary's against the invasion of Gen. Wayne. And not even the knowledge that a large band of Indians had thrown themselves in the rear of his army and were free to advance upon the settlements was sufficient to fully advise the people of White's Station of immediate and imminent danger. The women, it is true, were somewhat alarmed, which caused the men to be more watchful and remain more closely about the station during the day, thus happily preventing a surprise, and it may be a massacre.

"Many traditionary accounts have been handed down through the families then belonging to the station, concerning the events about to be related, differing, as might be expected, as to the details, but the principal facts are well substantiated, and may be relied upon as true. The whole male force about the station at the time, consisted f seven men and a boy, viz.: Capt. Jacob White, Andrew Goble, David Flinn and his two sons Stephen and Benjamin, both full grown men. Andrew Pryor, Lewis Winans, and Providence, the son of Capt. White, then but ten years.

430 - HISTORY OF CINCINNATI AND HAMILTON COUNTY.

of age. John S. Wallace, who resided in a cabin on the north bank of the creek, was at the time on a visit with his family at Cincinnati. The widow of Moses Pryor, with her three children, were residing in the family of her brother-in-law, Andrew Pryor, opposite the station,

"About five o'clock in the evening the dogs belonging to the station kept up a continuous barking on ti hill not far from ti present. residence of William R. Morris. Andrew Goble, supposing the dogs had treed a coon, proposed to go into the woods and get, it, but Capt. White, thinking it possible that there were Indians about, forbade any one going out. Goble, however, persisted, and finally went alone. He had gone but a few hundred yards from the station when he was fired upon and he fell, pierced, as it was afterward discovered, by a number of balls. Ti. Indians then emerged from their cover (some say, behind the second bank of the creek, others assert that they were concealed in the little ravine, south of wire Mr. Morris's residence now stands). They came down the hill with their accustomed war-whoop, and as they approached the station they observed Mrs. Pryor's little girl, a child of little more than four years old, playing upon the opposite bank of the creek. They at once fired upon it, and it fell mortally wounded. The mother, who with her three children were then the only occupants of the cabins on the north side of the creek, all the other inmates having gone over to the station on a visit, heard the firing, and went, to the door f the cabin just in time to witness the fatal shot that struck her child. Her second child, a boy between two and three years old, being sick, she was holding in her arms, while her babe was lying asleep in the cradle. On seeing her little girl fall she put down the boy and went out, under the fire of the Indians, and bore the child into the house, only, however, to find it silent in death.

"The savages then opened fire upon the little blockhouse, which was promptly returned, and the crack of the rifle was incessant for some half hour. There' were a number f surplus guns in the station, and the women were kept busy loading, while the men were thus enabled to keep up an almost constant fire, making their number appear much greater. Capt. White ordered ti women to place his hat upon a pole and run it through the roof of the blockhouse. This ruse was quite successful for a tithe in drawing the fire of the enemy. The Indians, who numbered about thirty, and up to this time were sheltered behind trees tit some distance away, now came down the hill upon the station with furious yells, as if to carry it by storm. They were led on by a large and powerful chief, who approached ti blockhouse, and while in the act of scaling the fence, received a fatal shot and fell within the inclosure. The rest of the band, seeing their leader fall, retreated back into the woods, where they kept up an occasional fire for an hour or more. and then withdrew and were heard f no more. * * * Soon after the attack began Andrew Pryor was dispatched to Fort Washington for aid. He reached the fort about midnight and obtained ten dragoons, each bearing an infantryman behind his saddle, who hastened to the relief of the little station, which they reached about daylight, but found that ti Indians had left during the night."

Tucker's Station was the fortified rendezvous of a settlement organized at. Columbia in the spring of 1792. Its members Were Henry and John Tucker, Luke and Zebulon Foster, Jonathan Pitmans, Henry Weaver, and John moccasin, who, says Mr. Olden, "selected Section 4, Township 3, entire Range 1, now in Springfield township, as their place f settlement, and agreed upon a division f the lands. They went out into the forest late in the fall of that year, and commenced the erection of a blockhouse and other cabins at a point on an old Indian trace known afterward as Whine's trace, and still later as the old Hamilton road. The site selected for ti blockhouse was on the east side of the trace, and immediately opposite the late residence of Manning Tucker, son of Henry, the pioneer." As the result of a dispute between Henry Tucker and Luke Foster, the former returned to Col-

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umbia, whither he was followed by the other members of the community, who deemed it unsafe to continue the completion of their improvements.

In the spring of 1793, this dispute having been adjusted, two settlements were planned; the Tuckers and Jonathan Pittman were to locate at the former improvements on Section 4. and the Fosters, Weaver, McCashen, and Ziba Wingert on Sections 9 and 10, adjoining on the west. For mutual protection a blockhouse was erected on the west bank of Mill creek on the line between Sections 4 and 10, near the well-known station spring, This post, was called Pleasant Valley Station. Regarding the further history of this post Mr. Olden writes as follows:

It was late in the fall, and nearly two months after Gen. Wayne had started upon his campaign that the settlers moved their families out to the station. The army being at that time in the enemy's country gave confidence and comparative security to the settlements. Neither Tucker's nor Pleasant Valley stations suffered any serious trouble with the Indians. No murders or other depredations were committed, and, save one single incident, nothing occurred to cause alarm or apprehension of danger. The event referred to happened one morning during the winter of 1793-94. Mr. James Seward, while down at the spring getting water, heard what he supposed to be turkeys calling some distance beyond the creek, and, on going into the station house, spoke to a Mr. Mahan, who had been about the station for several days, saying: If you would like to have a turkey, Mahan, I think you can get one if you hurry out; I heard them calling over on the hill. Mahan at once caught up his gun and started in the direction pointed out by Seward. He had gone but a short distance when he heard the peculiar calling of turkeys, and he followed on in that direction until he was led away near a mile from the station, when suddenly a large Indian stepped from behind a tree, not more than twenty yards from him, and said in broken English, ' How do,' at the same time he saw a gun pointing toward him from a cluster of spice bushes. The surprise was so great and sudden that he dropped his gun and ran with superhuman speed for the station, followed closely by the Indians. They no doubt intended capturing him without alarming the settlement, and therefore did not fire upon and kill him at once, as they could easily have done.

" When life is the stake, and under stimulant of fear, men perform feats that seem marvelous and incredible. But such great bodily exertions never fail to expend the vital powers and endanger life. It was so with Mahan; he knew the forfeit should he lose the race, and every nerve and muscle of the body was put to its utmost tension. He outstripped his pursuers and reached the station, but so overcome that his eyes were protruding and bloodshot. He swooned from exhaustion, and lay for all hour or more in a complete stupor. When reaction came a fever set in, and for several days his life was despaired of."

Griffin's Station was situated "at a point where the Carthage and Springdale turnpike now crosses Mill creek, southwest of the village of Hartwell and about a half-mile west of White's Station." The settlement here was founded by Lieut. Daniel Griffin, who, with " Robert Griffin, Daniel, and Jacob Vorhis, Daniel Seward, James McCashen, and Robert Caldwell and his two sons, Samuel and James, were among its first settlers. The Griffin brothers built, their cabins on the south bank of the creek, as did also Daniel and Jacob Vorhis and Robert Caldwell. Daniel Seward and James McCashen resided north of the creek. Seward's cabin stood near the present residence of Mr. Cormany in Hartwell, and McCashen's was at the point where the C. H. & D. railroad now crosses the turnpike. John Winans was also an early settler near this station, but the location of his cabin is not known."

Olden.

After the triumphant termination of Wayne's campaign there was a rapid influx of settlers to the valley of Mill creek, rendering early provision for local government necessary, and at February session, 1795, Springfield township was organized

432 - HISTORY OF CINCINNATI AND HAMILTON COUNTY.

with the following boundaries: " Beginning on the meridian line, which is the east boundary line of the third township east of the Great Miami, in the first entire range of townships in the Miami Purchase, according to the plat of said Purchase, two miles south of the southeast corner of said third township; thence north to said southeast corner of said third township, according to the plat f the Purchase aforesaid; thence east two miles to the second meridian line, east f the meridian line first aforesaid, according to the plat f the Purchase aforesaid; thence north with said meridian line six miles to the northern boundary line of the said first entire range; thence west with said line eight miles to the eastern boundary line of Colerain township; thence south with the eastern boundary line of Colerain and South Bend townships eight miles; thence east six miles to the beginning." The first township officers were John Ludlow, clerk; James Wallace, overseer of the poor; Henry Tucker, Jacob White, overseers of highways; Isaac Martin, John Vance, Luke Foster, viewers of inclosures and appraisers of damages.

There is no more reliable source of information regarding the pioneers than early tax lists. Unfortunately for the cause of local history in Hamilton county, these were all destroyed in the courthouse fire. Previous to that catastrophe, however, the-list for Springfield township in the year 1809 was transcribed by John G. Olden. At that date Springfield included the two northern tiers of sections in Mill creek and the two western tiers in Sycamore. The list is as follows: Auter, Thomas; Ayres, Levi; Ayres, Elisha; Byers, Henry; Byers, Abraham; Brecount, Isaac; Bradley, William; Blackburn, Hannah; Burch, Daniel; Billingsley, John; Britton, Lydia; Burnet, Jacob; Burnet, Simon; Burns, James, Sr.; Brown, Robert; Baldwin, John; Bonnel, Lewis; Bonnet, Samuel; Burns, James, Jr.; Brecount, David; Brand, William; Brown, Zebulon; Brown, Israel; Burge, Jonathan; Bolser, George; Bruen, Jabez; Bloomfield, Mary; Boyer, John; Brown, John W.; Campbell, John; Cook, James; Crain, Noah; Connover, Noah; Connover, Joseph, Carpenter, John, Sr.; Case, Henry, Jr.; Compton, George; Carpenter, John, Jr.; Dennisate, Mary; Dunn, Samuel; Davis, Peter; Crosby, Samuel; Case, Henry, Sr.; Carroll, Peter; Catterlin, Joseph; Cryan, Peter; Crain, Ichabod; Cunningham, James; Carson, Robert; Cornell, James; Dodson, John, Sr.; Dill, Richard; Dodson, John, Jr.; Coffin, Richard; Crain, Samuel; Comely, Michael; Crain, Moses; Caldwell, James; Clayton, Thomas; Christy, Andrew; Crain, Polly; Clark, Abraham; Denman, Matthias, per J. R. Mills; Edwards, Miles; Engart, Benjamin; Embly, James; Flemming, Daniel M.; Foster, Luke; Foster, Zebulon; Finney, E. W.; Farmer, George; Frazee, Jonas; Ferrell, Abraham; Foster, Gabriel; Flinn, Stephen; French, Jeremiah; French, Lot; Frazee, Samuel; Finney, John; Gibson, Thomas; Grant, A.; Grismere, George; Gavan, Thomas; Gardenwiso, George W.; Gess, Solomon; Garrison, Abraham; Greer, James; Goldtrap, John; Gray, David; Goble, Isaac; Gard, Seth; Guthever, John; Gaston, John R.; Groos, William; Humes, John; Hues, Levi; Hutchinson, Josiah; Hageman, Christopher; Hutchinson, Jacob; Hutchinson, Gabriel; Hale, John; Hale, Daniel; Huffman, Ambrose; Hallock, Hezekiah; Hossner, Jacob; Hoffman, Peter; Hoffman, Andrew; Hageman, Simon; Hageman, Adrian, Jr.; Harris, Joseph; Homes, John; Humphries, William; Hurdeson, Wan. W.; Harper, Thomas, Sr.; Harper, Thomas, Jr.; Huffman, Robert; Hinkle, Asa; Hinkle, Henry; Hutchinson, John; Hall, Catherine; Higgins, Thomas; Hole, Watson; Highland, Anthony; Highland, Robert; Harris, Bambo (colored); Henderson, Samuel; Hunter, John; Hamilton, D. A.; House, Jacob; Higgins, William; Hall, Barnabas; Hageman, Adrian; Hall, Stephen; Jennings, Jacob, by Jacob White; Jenkerson, John; Jenkerson, Henry; Jessup, John; Jessup, Judah; Jessup, Stephen; Keller, John; Kirkwood, William; King, Thomas; Kemper, Caleb; Lowes, James, Sr.; Lowes, William; Lowes, James C.; Lesancer, John; Little, Cornelius; Lyst, John; Lyon, Samuel; Lyon, John; Long, Patrick; Long, Michael; Larcee, Amos; Lees, George; Lindley, Abraham; Ludlow, William; Lane, Aaron; Loose, Solomon; Lee, Samuel, per

HISTORY OF CINCINNATI AND HAMILTON COUNTY. - 433

Simon: Lewis, Toni; McCune, William; Moore, James; Morton, Kenedy: Markland, Mathew; McCormich, John; Masters, William, Jr. ; McChesney, Ann; Musgrove, Robert: Middleton, William: Marshall, Libeus; Meek, Hngh; McGilliard, James; Mills, Hope; Mills, William; Morrison, Isaac; McClelland, James; McCompsey, Alexander; McFarland, William; Masters, William, Sr.; Masters, David; McCash. James: Moon, Solomon; Meeker, Nathaniel; Hiller, Eliza; Miller, John; Marshall, George; Mizner, William: McCormach, James; Myers, David; Menech, Peter; Miles, Benjamin; McGee, David: Morris, Robert.; Hills, Thomas: Moses. Joseph; Murdock, John; McNeely, James: McCauley, Ezekiel; Miller, Abraham; Moore. James; McGilliard, James, Jr.; McCash, William; Mills, John R.; McGee, James; McGilliard, John, Sr. Moses, per T. Vankirk; Mills, John R., for Reading; Same for Denman & C. Strong; Same, for Woodruff: Same for Strong; Napp, John; Napp, Elisha; Osburn, Cyrus; Orr, David; Pattersou, James; Patterson, William; Pierson, David; Pierson, Daniel; Parker, Lewis; Parlee, Benjamin; Pendery, Ralph; Preston, Joseph; Pittman, Jonathan, for heirs of Linskom; Pendery, Alexander; Preston, Harp; Parmor, William; Pierson, William; Parker, John; Parker, Arthur; Preston, Abijab; Parsnip, James; Patterson, William; Price, Abraham; Price, John; Piatt, John; Pittman, Jonathan; Pittman. Joshua; Pittman, Calvin; Pierson, Simon, for William Ludlow; Price, Abraham; Robinson, Cuthbert; Rynearson, John; Reeder, Stephen; Reeder, Hanson; Ryan, William; Redinbo, Henry; Robinson, Bradbury; Raymon. Samuel; Redach, Thomas; Rediubo, Fredrick; Redinbo, Philip; Rediribo, John; Rodgers, Andrew; Rickey, Robert, Jr.; Redinbo, Samuel; Rude, Abner; Rynearson, Joachim; Redach, Joseph; Roll, Abraham; Runyan, Henry; Reed, Abraham; Rickey, Thomas; Rickey, Robert, Sr.; Steel, Robert; Steel, James; Stout, Aaron; Skillman, Jacob, Jr.; Swank, Jacob; Slabeck, David; Senteny, William; Stone, Thomas; Schuman, Jacob; Stillman, Benjamin; Seward, Samuel; Simonson, John; Seward, James; Sewing, John W.; Slabeck, William; Slabeck, Solomon; Stancifer, John; Stibbins, Ziba; Sullivan, Henry; Saxton, Elijah; Tucker, Benjamin; Trim, John; Thompson, John; Trinkle, John; Templeman, John;: Tucker, Gideon; Taylor, Jacob; Tucker, John; Tucker, Henry; Tucker. Samuel; Voorhees, Abraham. Jr.; Viley, Cornelius; Voorhees, Abraham; Vandyke, Dominicus; Vandyke, Peter; Vantrees, James; Vanborels, Daniel; Voorhees, Abraham, Jr.; Vankup, Thomas; Voorhees. Garrett; Vandorn, Peter; Vanzant, Isaac; Vanskyhalk, Stephen; Vanzant, Henry; Vanbuskirk, Abraham; Walker, David; Whalon, James; Wingate, John; White, Amos, Jr.; Watson. James; Wooley, Anthony; Woodruff, Dennis; White, Edward; Wilkis, Richard; Williams, James; Williamson, John; Williams, Hetfield; Woodruff, Josiah; Watson, John; Watson, Robert; Wilson, Daniel; White, Jacob; White, Amos; Wallace, John S.; Wiley, John; Wagoner, Aaron; Wagoner, John; Wade, Benjamin; Wilkinson, Peter; Wilkins, Susannah; \Villiams, miles; Wihnoth, Thomas; Warwick, Robert; Walker, James; Woodruff, Nathaniel; Woodruff, Jonah.

One of the first mills in Springfield township was that of the Caldwells, on Mill' creek a short distance below Griffin's Station. It was a great convenience to the settlers of the valley, and was operated until its destruction by a freshet about the year 1506. A little later than this the McFeely brothers built a stone mill on the West Fork of Mill creek on Section 22, a mile and a quarter northeast of Mt. Healthy. A tread-power mill was also operated at New Burlington at an early date and subsequently at Mt. Healthy. Distilleries were numerous during the pioneer days. One f the most extensive was that of Samuel Huston in Section 31, in the extreme northwestern part of the township, and there was another in Section 28, at the junction of Whiskey run and the West Branch of Mill creek. In the same locality Jediab Hill had a mill, the site of which is now occupied by the Hartman mill.

434 - HISTORY OF CINCINNATI AND HAMILTON COUNTY.

MT. HEALTHY.

The village of Mt. Healthy is situated at the terminus of the Cincinnati Northwestern railway, in the southwestern part of Springfield township. It occupies the contiguous portions of Sections 32, 33, 26 and 27, Range 1, Township 3. The Hamilton pike forms its principal north and south street, crossed at right angles by the Compton road; both these thoroughfares are located upon the section lines. East of the Hamilton pike the original proprietor was Samuel Hill; west. of it, John P. Laboiteaux. The original plat of the village was acknowledged by Hill and Laboiteaux, January 14, 1817, in which acknowledgment the names of William Harts and Theodore Henderson appear as surveyors. This plat extends from First to Fourth street on the east side f the pike, terminating with Second on the west side. One block of lots is indicated west of Harrison street and one block east of Perry. In 1832 an addition was made by Elias W. Hoffner; and in the same year John P. Laboiteaux platted that part of the village west of the pike between the Compton road and Fourth street. The survey was made on the 10th of September in that year by Ely Elder. This plat was extended north of Fourth street in 1836.

Samuel Hill, mentioned above as one of the original proprietors, died March 11, 1827. John P. Laboiteaux was a native of Hunterdon county, N. J., the son of Peter Laboiteaux, a Revolutionary soldier, who removed to this county in 1801. Thither be was followed by John P. in 1814. The latter first located on the northwest corner of Section 32. Subsequently he bought nearly the whole of Section 33, and then became owner of all that part of the village site west of the Hamilton pike. He resided hero until his death.

In the year 1832 Mt. Pleasant had acquired the proportions of a small village, and it may be interesting to summarize the improvements at that date. Peter J. Laboiteaux, tailor and merchant, built the brick house at the southwest corner of the Compton road (Second street) and the Hamilton pike (Main street) in that year. Continuing south on the same side of the pike, the next improvements were those of Richard M. Conklin, manufacturer of furniture. His factory was a large twostory log building. His house was constructed of the same materials, but was only one story in height. Near the latter stood his sign, bearing the representation of a bureau. Conklin employed several operatives, and power for the machinery was derived from a tread-mill. He remained here only a few years, when he removed to Cincinnati and was one of the first manufacturers of white lead in that city.

On the opposite side of the alley from Conklin's stood a hewed log hotel building, owned and conducted by John P. Laboiteaux. This was probably the first house erected within the limits of the village plat. The frame building just south of this was erected by Garret D. Lowe, from New Jersey, a carpenter and builder by occupation. The frame house at the next corner was built by Henry Compton, a laborer in the employ of Laboiteaux. On the next square there was one house, the residence of Dr. McCullough.

Crossing to the east side of Main street, there stood immediately opposite Dr. McCullough's the brick residence of Elias Compton, farmer. This was the first brick house in the village. On the same block, at the corner of the alley, Isaac boats, cooper, from New Jersey, lived in a frame house that still stands. The next improvement, advancing toward the north, was Peter Hathorn's frame and brick hotel, a well-known hostelry, burned many years ago. James Hoe], brickmaker, lived opposite Laboiteaux's tavern. Samuel Hoffner, farmer and preacher, lived north of the next alley in a long one-story frame house, and John Hoffner, grocer, lived in a frame house at the site of Moser's store. This completes the list of improvements south of the Compton road.

North of the Compton road on the west side of the pike was lined with woodland, in which John P. Laboiteaux's cooper shop, the principal industry of the vil-

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lage, was situated directly opposite Peter J. Laboiteaux's store, while the black-smith shops f John Ross and Philip Dorn were located further north, the latter at the present site of the carriage factory. North of this was farm land, in which the morus multicaulus was cultivated.

On the east side of the pike, north of the Compton road, Dr. John Wright lived in a log house across the alley from the present location of Hoffner's store. The adjoining lot (on the north) was occupied by a frame house built by Parmenus Corson, weaver, and, subsequently, farmer. On the next block was a frame house and wagon shop, built by Stephen Ege, and on the opposite side of the alloy was a frame house in which Jacob Fowble resided and kept a grocery. This was the last house on Main street at the northern end of the village. In addition to these there were several houses on Harrison street and a few insignificant improvements east of the pike. The schoolhouse stood at the site of the residence of John Hofner, deceased, and the Union church on Perry street, between Second and Third.

Of early industries the furniture factory of Richard M. Conklin, the cooper shop of John P. Laboiteaux, and several blacksmith and wagon shops have been mentioned. Coopering was once an important industry, and among those engaged in it were William and Joseph Laboiteaux and Eli Taylor. James Seward operated a tread-power gristmill on Harrison street for some. years. The entire plant was removed here from New Burlington. Abner Jarrett and Matthias Miller operated potteries, and Matthias Miller and Peter J. Laboiteaux were engaged in pork-packing. Philip Dorn has manufactured carriages for a number of years. The first silk industry in the West was established here by Peter J. Laboiteaux. Charles Cheney introduced the morus multicaulis, and Laboiteaux secured the services of an English silk weaver and conducted the manufacture of silk on a small scale for several years. Specimens of his manufacture are still preserved. At the present time the principal industry of the village is tailoring. A large part of the population is employed in the making of clothing for the large stores of Cincinnati. It is also worthy of mention that pants are made to the entire exclusion of coats and vests.

Although the village is still popularly known as Mt. Pleasant, its postal designation is Mt. Healthy. It has a commodious brick school building and six churches, viz., United Brethren, Christian, Catholic, Lutheran, German Methodist and Colored.

On the Mt. Pleasant pike, a mile south f the village, is situated Clover Nook, the home of the Carys. Here Alice was born, April 20, 1820, and Phoebe, September 4, 1824. They attended the village schools and are still remembered by the older citizens. Alice went to New York in 1850 and Phoebe a year later. A birthday celebration in their honor was held at Mt. Pleasant in 1880 by the teachers of Hamilton county.

LOCKLAND.

This village extends from the line of the Cincinnati, Hamilton & Dayton railroad in Springfield township to the east branch of Mill creek in Sycamore township; but as the larger part of its territory is within the geographical limits of Springfield it is thought most appropriate to give its history here. It comprises portions of Sections 2 and 3. Range 1, Township 3, and Sections 32 and 33, Range 1, Township 4. The "Big Four " railroad, the Miami canal, and the West branch of Mill creek pass through the village, as does also the old Hamilton road, known here as Wayne avenue.

It was from its position at the locks in the Miami canal that Lockland derived its early importance, and, indeed, its very existence. Lewis Howell and Nicholas Longworth were the proprietors of the town, which was platted in 1829 by Thomas Henderson, surveyor. To this original plat important and extensive additions have since been made.

436 - HISTORY OF CINCINNATI AND HAMILTON COUNTY.

F. W. Athearn was prominently identified with the early development of Lockland's mauufacturing interests. In 1840 he bought "the old white flouring mill" on the East Branch of Mill creek, opposite Hartwell, removed and rebuilt it at the site of Tangeman's paper mill at Lockland. For several years he operated it as a feed mill, and then converted it into a paper mill, associating Isaac King and Ludlow Pendery with him in this enterprise. White paper was manufactured exclusively, but the mill burned to the ground after having been operated a year or two. A rolling mill was then established upon the same site by Phillips & Chapman of Cincinnati, and operated three years. In 1857 C. W. Friend and J. H. Tangeman purchased the property from Nicholas Longworth (the rolling-mill enterprise having become defunct,) and converted it into a paper mill. It was burned in 1860, when the present mill of J. H. Tangeman was built. Mr. Tangeman has operated this mill individually from 1863 to the present time, with the exception of the period from 1873 to 1890, when John Grismere was associated with him. Twenty operatives are employed, and wrapping paper is manufactured exclusively.

The Haldeman Paper Company operates two mills at Lockland, one within the village limits, the other half a mile distant toward the south. The former was originally established in 1832 by Pythagoras Holcomb as a flour mill. F. W. Athearn became proprietor in 1834, and converted it into a paper mill in 1845. Joseph G. Allen and Friend & Tangeman also operated it prior to its acquisition by the present proprietors. The lower mill was built in 1853 by Jackson & Bowker as a flouring mill. Subsequently it was operated as a barley and corn pearling mill, and then converted into a paper mill by Allen & Service, to whom the present proprietors ultimately succeeded. The Haldeman Paper Company is officered as follows: President, J. C. Richardson; vice-president, C. C. Richardson; secretary and treasurer, W. J. Haldeman. At Lockland sixty-five operatives are employed.

In 1843 F. W. Athearn built a wrapping paper mill at Lockland. It was successively operated by Sylvester Ruffner, Cecil & McHanan, Parker & Service, William B. French and George H. Friend. In 1890 it was destroyed by fire.

The Friend & Fox Paper Company operate three mills, located, respectively, at Lockland and at Rialto and Crescentville, Butler county. The Lockland mill was originally established as a flourmill by Pythagoras Holcomb. He was succeeded by F. W. Athearn, by whom it was converted into a paper mill in 1842. The property was owned by Bachelor Brothers prior to its acquisition by the present proprietors. The old mill was burned and the present was erected in 1873. Book paper is manufactured exclusively, and fifty operatives are employed. The company is officered as follows: Thomas Fox, president and treasurer; George N. Friend, vice-president; George B. Fox, secretary.

The Lockland Lumber Company, of which E. R. Stearns is president, A. M. Stearns, treasurer and manager, and S. D. Tippett, secretary, established in 1868 the first lumber manufactory in this part of the Miami valley above Cincinnati. One hundred operatives are employed.

The House & Palmer Company operate the Lockland Mills, which have a capacity of seven hundred barrels of flour per week; the mills were originally established y Dr. Thomas Wright, and came into possession of the present proprietors in 1862.

The First National Bank of Lockland was opened in November, 1889. The capital is $50,000, and on the 4th of May, 1893, the surplus amounted to $3,800. The president is George «'. Walker; vice-president, Alfred M. Stearns; cashier, G. C. Williams.

The Review and News first appeared July 16, 1892, and is published by the Review Publishing Company. The editor is Jo Martin, by whom the Echo and Review was established in 1891. The Miami Valley News was founded in 1884, by Job Taylor, who sold it to Cochran & McKetta, but again became proprietor a year

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later, and continued the publication until its consolidation with the Review. The Review and News is a six-column octavo in size, and is independent in polities.

The local manufacturing and business interests of Lockland are more extensive and important than those of any other point in Hamilton county outside of Cincinnati. Here are located the only bank and newspaper between Cincinnati and Hamilton. By the census of 1890 the population was 2,474. The village has a fine school building, a town hall, and Presbyterian, Baptist, Methodist and Colored churches,

Municipal Government.-Lockland was incorporated as a village in 1849, and the first, election resulted in the choice of the following officers: Mayor, Daniel Thompson; recorder. John G. Olden; trustees: S. S. Brown, James Service, C. R. Bachelor, Thomas Lank, and D. J. Bowman. The first marshal was William Thornell, and the first treasurer was Hiram Palmer. The succession of mayors has been as follows: 1850, John G. Olden; 1853, S. H. Horle; 1854, N. Carmichael; 1856, B. S. Dunn; 1859, C. W. Friend; 1863. W. Cornell; 1866, John G. Olden; 1868, J. C. Bellew; 1869, John G. Olden; 1870, C. S. Dunn; 1876. Richard Rowe; 1878, C. S. Dunn; 1880, J. C. Bellew; 1884, Thomas M. Dill; 1886, R. J. Stanverman; 1888, C. M. Skillman, present incumbent. Among the village clerks have been John G. Olden, Moses Wade, C. E. Howell. C. S. Dunn, G. W. Highlands, James Service, Benjamin M. Ludden, Raby Shinkle, Harry Friend, and Eugene Buchanan, present incumbent..

The town hall is a brick building on Mill street between Patterson and Dunn. It was formerly a Methodist Episcopal church.

GLENDALE.

The Glendale Monitor for May, 1892, contained a historical sketch of the village by Charles Probasco, from which the following facts are derived: "In 1807 Mr. Hamilton. a very wealthy gentleman of New Orleans, built the house now owned and occupied by Mr. Igler, just west of Glendale, on the Hamilton pike, for a summer residence. About fifty-five years ago it was kept by Thomas Drake as a tavern. and was after that owned by Maj. Joseph Harris, who at one time owned a large Tract of land west of the pike, including the farm of Mrs. French. The first tavern was kept by Andrew Van Dyke in 1812. It stood just west of the toll-gate. Mrs. Hefner some time afterwards built a brick tavern, where Mrs. Samuel Allen's place now is. * * *

"The founders of Glendale were several gentlemen wishing to build themselves summer residences. They determined to select a place somewhere between Hamilton and Cincinnati, on the Cincinnati, Hamilton & Dayton railroad, which was just being built, and they finally decided on the property where Glendale stands. The following gentlemen were interested in the movement, and became, under the name of the Glendale Association, the proprietors of the village: George Carlisle. S. S. L'Hommedieu, Fenton Lawson, Anthony Harkness, Samuel Fosdick, Henry Clark, Robert Crawford, William Burnett,, Edmund R. Glenn, and Lewis Worthington, as well as a few others. In 1851 this association was organized, and was incorporated as a village under the laws of Ohio March 13, 1855, The association bought of E. R. Glenn, John Riddle, J. Watson and others, about six hundred acres of land, which was subdivided into lots and laid out into streets and parks by R. C. Phillips, a civil engineer of Cincinnati. The subdivision is known as Crawford's and Clark's Subdivision of Glendale, so called because the trustees of the association were Crawford and Clark. There were only four residences on the property when it was laid out, one of which was that of E. R. Glenn, and one that of James Glenn, which stood where the residence of Mrs. B. D. Bartlett is, and which, owing to its being so fine, many years ago was called Castle Warwick. The first lot, the one where A. G. Clark lives, was sold to Henry Clark at a premium of $500, which seems very

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dear, when we think that. John Cleves Symmes bought the land, including Glendale, September. 1794, for sixty-six and two-third cents per acre. The lot where the schoolhouse stands is lot No. 57 of the above subdivision."

The design of the promoters f the village has been abundantly realized. It is certainly one f the most beautiful suburbs of Cincinnati. The plat was made to conform to the configuration of the lands, with no attempt at geometrical regularity. Sharon avenue, it is true. passes through the plat in a direct east and west course, intersected at right angles by Congress avenue, while there are subdivisions adjacent to the original plat which conform to the conventional type, but the avenues of the Crawford & Clark subdivision present almost every variety of curve known to the mathematician. To the uninitiated this is somewhat confusing, but to the residents it presents no difficulties, and is inure than compensated by the added beauty and the park-like aspect which it renders possible. An artificial lake with an area of several acres and several small parks are also among the attractions of the place.

The Glendale Lyceum is an outgrowth of the Circulating Book Club (organized in 1880), and of the Library Association of Glendale, which secured quarters, at first over Mr. Bruce's store and subsequently in the Town hall. The Lyceum was incorporated October 8, 1883, The constitution was adopted October 18, 1883, and amended November 7, 1885; membership is limited to residents of Glendale and its vicinity within a radius of three miles, The Lyceum building is a handsome brick structure, of which the corner stone was laid July 4, 1891. It was erected under the supervision of a building committee composed of Samuel Bailey, Jr., chairman; Joseph H. Feemster, secretary; Robert Clarke, treasurer; William A. Proctor, and Charles W. Withenbury. The architect was H. Neill Wilson, of Pittsfield, Mass., and the contractor was Isaac Graveson. The main hall is 40 x 50, with a large stage and appropriate dressing rooms. The library, according to the report for January, 1893, consisted of 2800 volumes, while the museum presents a rich and interesting collection of mineralogical, archaeological, and other specimens and curios. The Lyceum was formally opened February 22, 1892, when Judge Joseph Cox delivered the dedicatory address. Judge Samuel F. Hunt was the orator at the laying of the corner stone.

Glendale was incorporated as a village May 22, 1855. The first election occurred on the 13th of August following, when George Crawford was chosen mayor, Samuel J. Thompson, recorder, and Samuel Fosdick, Ezra Elliott, C. Deitrick, B. Roberts, and Stanley Matthews, trustees. The number of voters was fifty-six. Benjamin Sterrett was the first village treasurer. The succession of mayors has been as follows: George Crawford, 1855-56; Anthony Harkness, 1857; Warner M. Bateman, 1858; William B. Moores, 1859: Cyrus Knowlton, 1861 ; I. D. W. Jennings, 1862; Clinton Kirby, 1862; Warner M. Bateman, 1862; Samuel J. Thompson, 1864; Stanley Matthews, 1866: Samuel T. Crawford, 1868; R. M. Shoemaker, 1869; Samuel T. Crawford, 1869; T. J. Haldeman, 1874; R. W. Keys, 1874; Samuel A. McCune, 1876; Florien Giauque, 1882; Thomas Spooner, 1884; Henry B. McClure, 1888. The village building was erected in 1871, and the town hall in 1875.

The Glendale water supply is derived from artesian wells. The work of laying mains was begun September 26, 1892, but water was not supplied to private consumers until June, 1893. Analysis of the water shows almost entire freedom from deleterious elements.

The first postmaster was John C. Wolfe, appointed October 7, 1852. The postal designation at that time was Fosdick, which was changed to Glendale November 28, 1854.

WYOMING.

At the time of its incorporation, July 20, 1870, Wyoming consisted of the following subdivisions: The subdivision of the estate of John Oliver, by Milton Cooper,

HISTORY OF CINCINNATI AND HAMILTON COUNTY, - 439

his executor, dated and acknowledged March 14, 1855; the subdivision of W. G. Pendery, trustee of lot No. 3 of the subdivision of Alexander Pendery, dated and acknowledged May 14, 1869; the subdivision of the lands of Isaac B. Riddle, recorded July 27, 1858; the subdivision of the estate of Robert Reily, recorded June 16, 1866; the subdivision of tire lands of Alexander Pendery, Sr., recorded June 19, 1869; the subdivision of the estate of Thomas Wilmuth; the subdivision of the Burns farm, by J. T. Wilson, and the town of Greenwood.

In his History of Mill Creek Valley, Henry B. Teetor states that the name was selected at a meeting held April 4, 1861, at the residence of Col. Robert Reily. This meeting was held in pursuance of the following invitation:

TWIN OAKS, April 2, 1861.

Sirs.-The neighbors propose a meeting at our house for the purpose of giving a name to our embryo village, on the 4th instant, upon which occasion we hope to have the pleasure of seeing, yourselves and wives. Do not fail to come with names. Ladies will be expected to participate.

Yours, ROBERT REILY.

The meeting was accordingly held, and the present name selected. Its Indian significance is said to be " wide plains," and it was applied hy that race to a beautiful valley on the North Branch of the Susquehanna in Luzerne county, Pennsylvania. The environments of Wyoming certainly possess some of the characteristic features of its prototype. The valley of Mill creek is wide and level, skirted on either side by hills of romantic beauty. The vicinity of Wyoming was traversed by the different expeditions dispatched from Fort Washington against the Indians, and here, too, we find a parallel to the tragic events that will ever attach a melancholy interest to the Wyoming Valley in Pennsylvania.

Wyoming is a place of residence exclusively, and no effort has been spared to render it as attractive as possible in this respect. The streets are broad and regular, well shaded, macadamized, and lined with sidewalks of artificial stone. Private residences present many varieties of architectural construction, but are uniformly characterized by taste and beauty. The public buildings f the village are: a handsome and commodious town hall. two fine school buildings, and Presbyterian, Baptist, and Catholic churches. The Wyoming Light, Water, Heat & Power Company was incorporated iu 1880, and constructed the electric light plant in the Fame year.

HARTWELL.

The incorporated village of Hartwell comprises the towns originally platted as Hartwell and Maplewood- Hartwell proper derived its name from John W. Hartwell, vice-president of the Cincinnati, Hamilton & Dayton Railroad Company, and was platted in 1868 by the Hamilton County House Building Association, of which the president and principal promoter was Daniel DeCamp; this corporation purchased the Gares farm of 130 acres and forty acres from Judge Jonathan Cilley, who, in addition to this, allowed the plat to include thirty-four acres of his farm; the survey was made by Joseph W. Gilbert.

The plat of Maplewood is hounded on the south by Section avenue and on the west by Burns avenue, and comprises what was formerly known as the old Sturgis farm. It was platted in 1871 by Joseph F. Mills. The Bell & Steele subdivision is situated between Burns avenue and the Springfield pike; it was patted in 1875, and that of the Merchants' and Mechanics' Land and Building Association in 1874. The latter was surveyed by I. A. Smith, and among its leading promoters was John C. Healy.

Hartwell was incorporated as a village in 1876, and the first election of officers was held September 7th in that year, resulting as follows: Mayor, Charles-f. Steele; clerk, T. H. Marpe; treasurer, T. Hoge; marshal, J. N. Bachelor; council, Richard Hornbrook, C. O. Edwards, H. D. Blackburn, T. E. McNamara, James A. Skardon,

440 - HISTORY OF CINCINNATI AND HAMILTON COUNTY,

F. M. Whitelaw. Tire succession of mayors has been as follows: 1876, Charles M. Steele; 1551, Gillett V. Stevenson; 1851, James A. Lower 1889, M. V. B. Weighell; 1891, Robert S. Waddell. The year given is that of election. T. H. Marpe has nerved as clerk since the incorporation of the village. The borough building was erected in 1888. It is a brick structure, comprising a council room, public hall, and prison. It is located at the corner of Burns and Lawn avenues. Prohibition was established by ordinance of October 22, 1883, but the ordinance now in force is that of July 12, 1886.

The original plat of Hartwell is a radical departure from the Conventional rectangular form, to which the other subdivisions within the village limits in general correspond. In beauty of appearance and in the character of its citizenship Hartwell ranks with the most desirable suburbs of Cincinnati. It is essentially a place of residence.

SPRINGDALE.

Springdale is situated on the Springfield pike. on Sections 12 and 15, Range 1, Township 3, and 7 and 13 Range 2, Township 2. It was platted in 1806 by John Baldwin, farmer, blacksmith, scythe maker, and hotel keeper, who lived on the pike south of the village. Among the first residents were John McGilliard, justice of the peace and postmaster for many years, who built the frame horse still standing on lot No. 19; Capt. John Bronson, a soldier of the war of 1812, who built the frame house with brick front at the corner of Apple and Main streets; and James Cogy, cabinet maker, by whom the frame horse on lot No. 6, at the corner of Main and Pearl streets, was erected. Lots Nos. 16 and 21 were also the locations of early improvements. Hetfield Williams, manufacturer of spinning wheels, built the frame house at the corner of Main and Apple. Among the early merchants were Stephen Schooley, William Chamberlain, and John Swallow. John Baldwin and John Bronson were early hotel keepers. The various local industries were represented by James Cogy, cabinet maker; Hetfield Williams, maker of spinning wheels; N. S. Schorey, tanner and currier; John Rogers, chairmaker, and one Brazier, hatter. A. gazette of 1821 says: "Springfield, a wealthy post-town of Hamilton county, fifteen miles north of Cincinnati on the road to Hamilton, containing 220 inhabitants.''

In 1840 Springdale had one silversmith. Charles Williams; one cabinet, maker, Daniel Turner; two carriage makers; two wagon makers, Hagermann and Gross; three blacksmiths; four storekeepers, Anthony Hilts, James Sellers, Thomas G. Smith, and --- Hamilton; one chair maker, Hetfield Williams; one weaver, James McLean; one pork packer, Anthony Hilts; five taverns; one saddler, William VanDyke; four tailors, James Hamilton, Samuel F. Ledman, Washington and Richard Chamberlain; two shoemakers; one cooper; two carpenters; an academy, and Methodist and Presbyterian churches. Stages between Cincinnati and Hamilton, Dayton, and Richmond passed through the village morning and evening. No town in the Miami valley enjoyed a greater degree of prosperity. It was the business emporium for an extensive and fertile territory. But the conditions upon which its prosperity depended were radically changed by the opening of the Cincinnati, Hamilton Dayton railroad in 1851. The stages no longer brought to the village its accustomed number of daily visitors; business of every kind was diverted to other points; and Springdale, no longer a center of business and industrial activity, relapsed into the torpid condition in which it has since remained.

The name of the village was originally Springfield. The present designation was conferred by the postal authorities.

NEW BURLINGTON.

New Burlington is situated on the forfeit of Section 34. Range 1, Township 3. Its founder was John Pegg, who acknowledged the plat before John Runyan, justice

HISTORY OF CINCINNATI AND HAMILTON COUNTY. - 441

of the peace, May 1, 1816. The village is located at the intersection of the Taylor's Creek road with the Hamilton pike. Among its first residents were Robert Martin, blacksmith; Washington Martin, wagonmaker; Benjamin Smith, blacksmith; David Hutchinson, chairmaker; Willard Place, porkpacker; William S. Carnahan and Thomas Watterson, merchants. Carnahan's store was kept in an old frame building still standing at the intersection of the pike with the Taylor's creek road. Watterson's was almost directly opposite, Nathan Merchant was also an early storekeeper. Randall's tavern was just north of Carnahan's store. and was one of the best known hostelries between Cincinnati and Hamilton. New Burlington was a prosperous little village during the days of turnpike travel, but is now only a quiet country hamlet, but little affected by the stir and bustle of the outside world.

WOODLAWN.

Woodlawn was platted in 1876 by Thomas T. and George. S. Brown, and comprises a portion of the historic Tucker farm. The site is slightly elevated above the general level of the valley.

CHURCHES.

Springdale Presbyterian Church.- The founders of the Pleasant Valley settlement were principally Presbyterians. and met for worship at the station of that name (otherwise known as Foster's Station) as early as 1792. They were ministered to by Mr. James Kemper, a licentiate of the Presbytery of Kentucky. In 1798 Peter Wilson and Archibald Steele were each appointed to supply one Sabbath here, and in 1799 this church was one of the original constituent congregations of the Presbytery of Washington, Kentucky. On the 4th of April, 1796, a subscription paper was drawn up for the erection of a place of worship, all subscriptions to be paid to John Schooley, William Preston or Luke Foster, The first church edifice was erected in 1801-2 in the cemetery at Springdale. It was '` a large frame building, nearly square, with galleries on the three sides and the pulpit at the north end. The foundation is now marked by the family burying ground of Dr. John R. Hunt.." This was the place of worship thirty-one years. In 1833 a substantial brick building, 45 x 55 feet, was erected in the village of Springdale. The first sermon therein was preached by Rev. Adrian Aten, November 7, 1834, and the last service here was held March 15, 1885. The third and present edifice was erected on the site of the second. The corner stone was laid June 16, 1885, and the dedication occurred May 16, 1886, when the sermon was preached by Rev. T. F. Cortelyon and the dedicatory service was conducted by Rev. J. G. Monfort, D. D. The following clergymen have served as pastors of this church: Revs. John Thomson, who was first installed November 12, 1801, remained two years, and was pastor a second time, 1812-32; Adrian Aten, October 1, 1833, to April 1, 1841; Jared M. Stone, September, 1841, to June 5, 1849; G. P. Bergen, 1849-57; T. E. Hughes, 1858-66, and William H. James, the present pastor, who was ordained and installed October 2, 1866, In addition to Revs. Kemper, Wilson and Steele, the following clergymen also supplied this church: Revs. J. W. Brown, 1799; M. G. Wallace, 1806-11, and L. D Potter, D. D., 1857.

Pleasant Run Baptist Church was a flourishing organization during the pioneer days. Its place of worship was a frame building at the Pleasant Run burying ground in Section 25. The organization became extinct sixty years ago.

The New Burlington Church was built in 1816, by the Carnahan, Lane and other families. Revs. William Kinkaid, Elias Seward and B. U. Watkins were among those who preached here. The congregation disbanded some years ago.

The Mt. Healthy United Brethren Church was organized January 1, 1833. The first trustees were Elias W. Hoffner, Solomon Haynes and John Hickman; T. N. Bowers was the first treasurer and Elias H. Anewalt was the first secretary. The

442 -HISTORY OF CINCINNATI AND HAMILTON COUNTY,

constitution was adopted January 8, 1833. The union chapel was the place of worship until 1850, when the present church edifice was built. It is a brick structure, situated on the Compton road, and has recently been remodelled. The present pastor is Rev. James Replougle, and the present membership is 70.

The Mt. Healthy Christian Church was organized October 12, 1839, with twenty-seven members, among whom were David S. Burnet, the pastor; Reuben S. Compton, clerk; Joseph H. Virgin, John T. Snodgrass, William Durham, Joseph C. Dawson, Samuel Cook and Isaac Sparks. James McCash and Aaron Lane were the first. elders. Prominent among the early preachers were David S. Burnet, Walter Scott, James Challen, Dr. Pinkerton and Benjamin Franklin. The first place of worship was the union chapel. The first church stood at the corner of Harrison and Fourth streets. The present church is a frame structure on Harrison street, and was dedicated at Easter, 1885. Rev, A. McLean was pastor at that time. and has been succeeded by Revs. Frank Dowling, C. J. Tanner, E. E. Curry, W. J. Wright and A. Chapman.

Mt. Healthy German Methodist Church - The first church building was erected in 1850. The present. place of worship was dedicated November 15, 1891. Rev. M. Weidman was pastor, and the building committee was com posed of Otto Steinbrecker, president: Christopher Werner, secretary; August Siemer, Sr., treasurer; and William Holle, Christian Holle, Frank Trueter, William Bax, Henry Bax and Ernest Bax.

Trinity German Lutheran Church, Mt. Healthy, was organized August 25, 1853, by Rev. Wiegman. The first officers were George Mahlewein, Frederick Asmus, Joseph Oester and Hector Basson. Anton Ahrens donated a church site, and in 1853 a church was erected thereon. In 1860 two adjacent lots were purchased, on one of which a parsonage was built.. It was replaced by the present pastoral residence in 1885. The present frame church was dedicated in February, 1891. Tile following is a list of pastors: Revs. Wiegman, Paul Stoeckfeld, F. W. Breitfeld, Antonius Rudolph, G. A. Spangenberg, H. Eschenfeld, P. T. Wehe, G. L. Goehring. T. Doerr. Engene O Mueller, F. W. Breitfeld, F. Abele, T. A. Keiper, Theodore Schory, F. Eggen, F. W. Adomeit and Theodore Schory.

The Mount Healthy Catholic Church was founded in 1854, when, mainly through the efforts and liberality of Joseph .Hechinger, a church was built. Until the year 1865 the pastors of neighboring parishes officiated here, viz., Revs. F. J. Pabisch, D. D., J. C. Kramer, A. Hechinger, Otto Jair, Anselmus Koch, A. Becker, J. Rosswog, Miettinger and H. Boehmann. Rev. G. Nordmyer, the first resident pastor, assumed charge October 25, 1865, and began the erection of the present church. It was completed by his successor, Rev. H. Johanning, who was pastor from December 2, 1865, to May 1, 1881. The church is a brick structure, 90x45 feet, with tower 125 feet high. The present pastor, Rev. Bernard H. M. Roesener, assumed the duties of his office May 5, 1881,

Lockland Presbyterian Church.--The history of this organization begins in 1817, when Rev. Daniel Hayden preached in a brick schoolhouse located on the hill in the eastern part of Reading, which services were continued by Rev. L. G. Gaines. The Reading Presbyterian church was organized August 29, 1823, by Rev. John Thomson, with the following members: Johiel Day, Margaret Day, Robert Boa!, Jr., John Robertson, Elizabeth Robertson and Rebekah Bates, of whom Jehiel Day and Robert Beal, Jr., were elected elders. The first pastor, Rev. Benjamin Graves, was installed May 17, 1827. January 2, 1839. a division into two organizations, known as Old and New School, occurred. The former was served successively by Revs. Adrian Aten, S. J. Miller, H. R. Naylor, Samuel Cleland, Edward Wright, Samuel Hair, C. P. Jennings, John Stewart, John McRae, S. S. Potter, L. D. Potter, W. H. Moore and James H. Gill. In 1843 it erected as a church edifice the brick building that now constitutes the town hall of Reading. Mr. Graves continued as pastor

HISTORY OF CINCINNATI AND HAMILTON COUNTY. - 443

of the New School branch. From 1842 to 1846 it was served by Revs. J. C. Lockwood and J. Wilkinson. Mr. Graves returned in 1846, and on the 6th of April, 1855, was organized the Lockland Presbyterian church with twenty-one members, of whom Sylvester Ruffner, Amos Clevenger, Matthew Long, Charles Cross and J. W. Fisher constituted the first board of trustees. The church building was erected in 1850. Revs. I. DeLa Mater, Edward Scofield, John Hussey and Silas Hawley were the pastors of this church. In 1870 the Old and New branches were reunited, and the first pastor after this event was Rev. W. A. Hutchison.

Wayne Avenue Methodist Episcopal Church, Lockland, was organized August 3, 1834, by Rev. Burrows Westlake, with Moses Flinn as first class-leader. A reorganization was effected in 1836 by Revs. Joseph McDowell and David Whitcomb, with L. B. House as leader. Forty-three members were added in 1837. The village schoolhouse was the place of worship until 1843, when the brick church on Mill street was built. The trustees at this time were Hiram Palmer, L. B. House, C, R. Bachelor, Henry Wycoff, A. Ireland, William S. Bachelor, C. W Friend, Moses Wade and Philip Leonard. The last service in this building was held November 8, 1874: it is now the Lockland town hall. The Wayne Avenue church is a fine brick structure, erected in 1874, at which time the trustees were G. G. Palmer, Thomas Fox. C. \V. Friend. C. B. Palmer, Moses Wade, J. W. Thomas, George House, R. B. Latta and Robert Booth. The vestry was dedicated November 15, 1874, Rev. E. Wentworth, D. D., officiating. The main audience room was dedicated May 2, 1880. The cost of church, parsonage and grounds way $41,350. The first pastor stationed at Lockland was Rev. Arza Brown in 1853,

The Lockland Baptist Church was constituted in 1840 with a membership formerly connected with the old Springfield church. A place of worship was erected in 1840, and replaced in 1858 by the present brick church edifice, which was remodelled in 1875. The following pastors have served this church: Revs. Daniel Bryant, Blair, J. V. Hopper, J. S. Goodman, L, C. Carr, J. B. Sutton, J, W. B. Clark, J. R. Powell, D. E. Owen, John Branch, F. D, Bland, A. S. Moore, Griebel. Davis, Cattier, Riggs. Campbell and Yale.

The First Presbyterian Church of Glendale was organized November 29, 1855, in the chapel of Glendale Female College, with seventeen members. Services were held in the college chapel until 1860, when the present chapel of this church was built. The church edifice was dedicated in April. 1874. Revs. Thomas Spencer, J. G. Monfort, D. D.. L. D. Potter, D. D,, S. S. Potter, and Frank Robbins served as stated supplies until 1861, since which date the pastors have been Revs. Hiram A Tracy, William H. Babbitt, S. H, McMullin and David A. Heron. The following is a list of elders: Jacob J. Packer, John F. Keys, William B. Moores, Stanley Matthews, William B. Probasco, Samuel J. Thompson, Samuel Robbins, Robert K. Brown, Thomas J. Duncan, Hugh W. Hughes, Thomas J. Biggs, Harry W. Hughes, Harry L. Keys, and W. H. Hutton.

St. Gabriel's Catholic Church, Glendale, was organized by Rev. J. C. Albrink, by whom a small brick church that constitutes the rear part of the present edifice was erected in 1859. Mass had previously been celebrated in a small frame house at the junction of the Springfield and Princeton pikes by priests from Cincinnati. Ten acres of ground, fronting on Sharon and Washington avenues and Church street, were donated to the priests by Gross & Dietrich. The pastoral residence was completed in 1863 by Rev. James M. Carey. Rev. James O'Donnell enlarged the church edifice to its present proportions; he also built the school and Sister's house. The succession of resident pastors has been as follows: Revs. Gerald C. Grace, P. A. Quinn, James Henry, James M. Carey, P. A. Quinn, and Nicholas J. Kelly, who assumed charge in 1880.

The Church of the New Jerusalem (Swedenborgian), Glendale, was instituted December 25, 1860, and organized January 16, 1861, with C. H. Allen, William B.

444 - HISTORY OF CINCINNATI AND HAMILTON COUNTY.

Pierce. Jacob Purington, and Dr. George F. Foote, councilmen. C. H. Allen donated the church site and money sufficient for the building, " so far as to inclose the same and secure it from damage by paint." The corner stone was laid April 28, 1861, and the dedication occurred October 6, 1861, when Rev. J. P- Stuart officiated and Rev. Chauncey Giles preached. The pastors have been Revs. J. P. Stuart, 1861-62; Frank Sowall, 1863-72; J. H. Einhaus, 1872; J. E. Warren, 1872-73; Edwin Gould, 1873-76; H. H. Grant, 1890-91. In recent years the church has been principally supplied with preaching by the students and professors of Urbana University.

Christ Protestant Episcopal Church, Glendale. Rev. John B. Pradt held the first Episcopal services at Glendale, July 9, 1865. The parish was organized oil the 6th of August following, when John D. Jones was elected senior warden, N. C. McLean, junior warden, and R. H. Shoemaker, Henry Holroyd, George W. Jones, John Titus and Robert B. Moores, vestrymen. Public services were held in the chapel of Glendale College for several months, and then at private houses until 1867, when a small frame chapel was erected on Mr. Fosdick's lot for temporary occuancy. The present stone church was built in 1870 at a cost of $18,000. and consecrated in .July, 1872. by Bishop Bedell. The rectory was built in 1875. and the parish house was added to the church in 1891. The succession of rectors has been as follows: Revs. John B. Pradt, August 6, 1865, to September 30, 1867; Samuel H. Boyer, November 20, 1867, to November 1, 1869; Charles H. Young, April, 1870, to October, 1874; David Pise, D. D., since April, 1875. Rev. Cleveland K. Benedict became assistant rector in June, 1892.

The Glendale Methodist Episcopal Church originated in a series of meetings held in the Town Hall by Rev. It. K. Deem. The first board of trustees consisted of J. H. Moore, N. W. Hickox, William E. Mears, and A. F. Bernhart. The church site, consisting of two lots, valued at $1,000, was donated by Clinton Kirby. who also contributed $500 in cash. The work of building was begun in November, 1886, under the supervision of N. W. Hickox, and the completed edifice was dedicated May 29, 1887. Rev. R, K. Deem, the pastor at that time, has been succeeded by Revs Andrew Hamilton, Charles L. Chapman and Calvin Horn.

Wyoming Presbyterian Church,-Initial steps in the organization of this body were taken in December. 1868, at a meeting at the residence of William H. Caruthers. At a meeting at the residence of E. P. Allen, June 18, 1869, the organization of a Presbyterian church was definitely decided upon. W. F. Colburn, George D. Winchell, G. S. Stearns, C. S. Woodruff, and G. H. Burrows were elected trustees, and Messrs. Stearns, Woodruff and Winchell were constituted a building committee. The corner stone of the edifice was laid September 15, 1869, by Rev. C. E. Babb, D. D. In this completed edifice the church was formally organized, October 14, 1870. Edward P. Allen, George S, Stearns, William Cornell, and John Pollock were elected elders, and duly installed January 12, 1871. The sacraments of the Lord's supper and of baptism were celebrated for the first time, November 27, 1870. The first pastor was Rev. Silas Hawley, whose successors have been Revs. Joseph Gamble, W. W. Huston, D.D., and John Leroy Taylor, who assumed charge in 1889. The present church edifice, erected at a cost of $32,000, was dedicated May 18, 1890. The old church building is used for Sunday-school and other purposes, and was remodeled in 1890-91. The pastoral residence was enlarged in the same year.

The Wyoming Baptist Church was organized May 17, 1883, at the residence of James D. Randall, with twenty-one constituent members, nineteen of whom were from the Lockland church and two from Madisonville. The church was incorporated May 11, 1883, when J. H. Tangeman, John Rychen, James D. Randall, J. P. Mace, and J. M. Gould were the trustees. Revs. J. R. Henderson, W. L. Farnum, A. H. Beaver, and P. J. Ward have served as pastors. The church edifice is a frame building on Burns avenue, and was dedicated September 9, 1883.

HISTORY OF CINCINNATI AND HAMILTON COUNTY. - 445

5t. Janes Catholic Church, Wyoming, is a frame edifice, with pastoral residence and parochial school attached. The parish numbers eighty-five families, and forty children attend the school, which is taught by two sisters of Notre Dame. Revs. James McCallion, Francis Winsey, John Cusack, John Singleton, Henry Brinkmeyer, and John Henry Holthaus have successively served as pastors.

The Hartwell Methodist Epscopal Church was organized in 1873 with John Du Boise as class-leader and Col. W. P. Wiltsee president of the board of trustees, which position he has held almost continuously to the present time. Professor Lock, of the Lockland schools, was the first pastor, and his successors have been Revs. W. H. Smith, Henry Tuckley, Davis W. Clark, B. F. Dimmick, J. F. Conrey, J. W. Weakley, Stanley Royal, William MacAfee, Edwin H. Cherington, and Howard Henderson, D.D. The church edifice was built in 1876; the site was donated by the Hamilton County House Building Association. It was enlarged in 1893.

The Hartwell Presbyterian Church was organized December 16, 1886, with thirty-seven members, of whom Janes A. Lowes, Alexander P. Caldwell, and James W. Dawson were elected elders. The church site was donated by Mrs. Helen DeCamp, Mrs. George H. Taylor, D. B. De Camp, Mrs. Emma French, and F. S. DeCamp, joint owners. The first service in the Sunday-school room was held October 16, 1887, and the completed building was dedicated December 16, 1887, Rev. Charles E. Walker was called to the pastorate April 5, 1887.

SCHOOLS.

The first schoolhouse in the northern part of Springfield township was built on land owned by John Schooley, a mile and a half west of Springdale. The next was built at the Presbyterian cemetery in that village, and the third was a hewed log building at the corner of Hickory and Peach streets. The Springfield Academy at Springdale was for some years a local institution of great importance. It occupied the brick building that constitutes the present quarters of the Y. M. C. A. This was erected by the school authorities but left in an incomplete condition. The boys in the village, more enterprising than their elders, raised funds, employed a carpenter, and assisted in the work of completing the structure for occupancy. At the dedication the entire school formed in procession at Dr. Cox's office and marched to the new building to the music of an improvised band composed of Judge Cox, Governor Morton of Indiana, Collector Chesman of the Port of San Francisco, and Dr. Braden, of the Methodist church, while Bishop Foster of that church, then a young clergyman on the circuit, offered prayer. The old academy has certainly given a full quota of distinguished names to the public history of this and other States.

A ladies' seminary of some celebrity was conducted many years ago on the Mt. Pleasant pike, a mile south of that village, by David S. Burnet, in a large house erected by Oliver M. Spencer, a wealthy Cincinnati banker. This house was one of the largest and most pretentious in the vicinity of Cincinnati, and was known as "Spencer's Folly." Burnet's school ranked high among institutions of its class.

The various villages treated in this chapter are all provided with commodious school buildings. At Glendale the first public school was opened in 1852, with Rev. Spencer as first principal. W. M. Bateman and Ezra Elliott composed the first school board. The present principal is C. F. Dean, and the number of teachers employed is five. An interesting feature of educational work here is the "Glendale Monitor," a school monthly that has been published since December, 1887. The present school building at Lockland was erected in 1881. The school building at

Wyoming was erected in the same year, and the high school building in 1889. Mt. Pleasant constituted a separate school district before its incorporation as a village, and has a. large and substantial brick school building.

446 - HISTORY OF CINCINNATI AND HAMILTON COUNTY.

Glendale College is one of the oldest and most widely patronized institutions for the higher education of women in the Ohio Valley. The quarto-centenary anniversary of its founding was celebrated June 12, 1879. when the president. Rev. L. D. Potter, D.D., in an address of welcome and historical reminiscence, gave the following account of the founding and growth of the college: "This institution was founded by Rev. John Covert, A.M., in September, 1854, and named by him `The American Female College,' Mr. Covert and his accomplished lady, Mrs. Covert, who received her education at two of the institutions of eastern New York, had been connected with an institution in that State, subsequently founded a seminary in Ohio, near Columbus, and still later founded and conducted the `Ohio Female College,' at College Hill. In April, 1856, he transferred this institution to Rev. J. G. Monfort, D.D., Rev. S. S. Potter, and Rev. L. D. Potter, who assumed the possession and management on the 15th of May, five weeks before the close of the second collegiate year. We changed the name next year to 'Glendale Female College.' All of the party just named and their wives had had considerable experience as practical teachers. Your speaker, though the youngest of the three, had had, however, a longer experience, having been connected, in some capacity, for ten years, with some interruptions, as scholar, teacher, or principal in boarding institutions similar in character to this. Madame C. Rive and her sister (now Mrs. Kitchell) were already here, having come with Mr. Covert from College Hill. Mrs. McFerson, our lady principal for five years, and who is with us to-day, having; given up her seminary in Bloomington, Ind., joined us in September following. During the latter part of the summer vacation of 1856 a fire occurred, cause unknown, which destroyed the chapel, a music building with its contents, and other structures of lesser importance. The work of reconstructing the chapel, and of the addition of a better music building attached to the main building, was immediately commenced. The session was opened, however, at the time appointed, and continued until the new buildings were finished, though with many inconveniences on account of. room, as many of the old scholars present remember. Rev. S. S. Potter left us in 1860, and Mrs, McFerson in 1861. Rev. J. G. Wilson, now United States consul at Jerusalem, became connected with us in 1861, but left in 1862. Dr. Monfort left in 1865, after a Successful administration as president for nine years, at the end of which time the college seemed to have become settled upon a secure and permanent basis. The steam heating apparatus, quite a novelty at the time, was introduced in the summer of 1856, and various improvements to the grounds and buildings have since been added from year to year. The number of scholars has been tolerably uniform from the beginning, with three exceptions-1. During the first years, when our public school was small and ungraded, the number of day scholars was much larger than it. has been since; 2. During the first two years of the war our numbers were greatly diminished, and 3. From 1871 to 1875, after the late financial crisis commenced, we were crowded almost beyond what our accommodations would warrant,"

Dr. Potter further stated that this was the first institution "to adopt the regular classification and fourfold division of studies, in the form and under the designation historically known as applied to colleges for males-Freshman, Sophomore, Junior, and Senior." Many of the alumuae of the institution have taken high rank as teachers and authors; others have married professors in higher institutions or gentlemen in the learned professions, some of whom have attained conspicuous eminence. In 1892-93 the college was attended by 105 students, of whom Seventy were non-residents. The Faculty numbers thirteen members. Rev. L. D. Potter, D. D., continues as president, having been connected with the institution in an executive capacity since 1856.