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304 - HISTORY OF THE UPPER OHIO VALLEY. his present home. Here he continued at his trade until 1865, when he accepted the position of general manager of the blast furnace of the Jefferson Iron Works, and continued in that capacity nineteen years and a half. In the spring of 1885, he was elected mayor of Steubenville, and in 1887 was re-elected to that office, which he filled in an acceptable manner four years. In June, 1889, he received the republican nomination for the office of sheriff of Jefferson county, and he was elected. Mr. and Mrs. Opperman have ten children: Catharine, Mary Ann, Mary Jane, Lizzie, Maggie, Anna, Emma, John, Addie and Carrie, of whom Mary Ann and Lizzie are deceased. Mr. Opperman is a member of the Masonic order, Odd Fellows and K. of P., Order of Druids and of the A. O. U. W. In politics he is a prominent member of the republican party. In addition to the official services already named, he has served as councilman three terms. He is well and favorably known in this city and throughout the county. Amos Parsons, a respected citizen of Steubenville, and ex-commissioner of Jefferson county, was born in Wayne township, of that county, August 29, 1837. He is the son of William and Hannah (Starr) Parsons, the former, a native of Pennsylvania, and the latter of Wayne township. His father died in 1854, aged forty-two years, but his mother, now eighty-two years of age, still resides in Wayne township. Amos Parsons was reared on a farm in his native township. In 1863 he became employed as a bridge carpenter on the Pittsburgh, Cincinnati & St. Louis railway, and he thus continued until 1880, with the exception of four months in 1864, during which he served in Company G, One Hundred and Fifty-seventh Ohio National Guard. After retiring from the railroad he was for a few months, engaged in the grocery business in Steubenville, which place has been his home since January, 1871. For about five years following this, he was a dealer in sewing machines. For the past two years he has been employed as a traveling salesman in the marble business. Mr. Parsons was married January 3, 1867, to Emeline Adams, who was born June 9, 1839, daughter of John H. and Mary (Weldy) Adams. Her father is a native of Steubenville township, and her mother of Cross Creek township, Jefferson county. Mr. Parsons and wife have four children: John W., Lena M., Mary W. and Alice H. He and wife are members of the Presbyterian church. He is a Mason, an Odd Fellow, a Knight of Pythias and a member of the G. A. R. In politics he is a republican. He has served .two terms, or six years, as commissioner of Jefferson county, having been elected in 1881, and re-elected in 1884. Dr. Benjamin F. Payne, of Steubenville, a physician and surgeon of high standing, was born near the village of Chesterfield, Hampshire county, Mass., February 22, 1825. He is the son of Stephen and Sarah (Strong) Payne, the former a native of Connecticut, and the latter of Northampton, Mass. His father, who was a farmer by occupation, died when Benjamin was but nine years old. About two years after his death his widow removed with her children t0 Springfield, Mass., which was the home of Dr. Payne until he was about JEFFERSON COUNTY, OHIO - 305 twenty-five years of age. His education was received in a district school, near his birth place, the public schools of Springfield, the Round Hill high school of Northampton, and Amherst college. While pursuing his literary studies he determined to fit himself for the prac- tice of medicine, and his leisure time was devoted to the study of works bearing upon that subject. In 1850 he came to Ohio, and for three years studied medicine under the preceptorship of his brother, Dr. William Payne, of Warren. He then began the practice at Braceville, a town ten miles from Warren, and remained there between one and two years. He then located at Steubenville, which has been his home ever since. He was graduated by the Eclectic Medical college, of Cincinnati, in 1858, and for a period of five years he was a member of the faculty of the Eclectic Medical college, of Philadelphia. He has been eminently successful in his profession, and by his practice, which has been both large and lucrative, he is permitted to spend his declining years in comfort and ease. Dr. Payne was married in June, 1849, to Mary S. Field, of Northampton, Mass. They have now lived together over forty years of happy wedded life. In politics the doctor is a republican, though he has carefully avoided giving himself up to partisanship. Dr. Payne, as one of Steubenville's old- est practitioners, possesses an extensive acquaintance, and is wherever known .respected and esteemed. Enoch Pearce, M. D., physician and surgeon, was born November 18,1832, at Westminster, near Baltimore, Md., and is a son of Enoch and Rachel (MacKenzie) Pearce. Both of his parents are Marylanders. His father has followed mechanical pursuits through life, and removed to Ohio in 1840, settling at Steubenville, where he has since resided. Dr. Pearce received a liberal education at the Grove academy, in Steubenville. In 1848 he commenced to study medicine under the preceptorship of Dr. Benjamin Tappan, of Steubenville, and for three years pursued his readings with earnestness. He attended the medical lectures delivered at the university of the city of New York in 1851-52, and also at Jefferson Medical college, Philadelphia, in 1853-54, graduating from the latter institution with honor. He began the practice of his profession in Steubenville, in 1854, and has resided there ever since, having succeeded in establishing a successful and lucrative line of patronage. During the civil war he was surgeon of the Sixty-first Ohio volunteer infantry, and was with that command at the battles of Cedar Mountain, second Bull Run, White Sulphur Springs, Freeman's Ford; Fredericksburg, Chancellorsville. Gettysburg, besides numerous lesser engagements and skirmishes. After the battle of Gettysburg he was examined by the United States medical board, and was appointed assistant surgeon of the United States volunteers and was commissioned by President Lincoln as such. He held the position one week only when he was promoted to the grade of full Surgeon United States volunteers, for deserved excellency in scholarship and in the duties of surgeonry and medicine. He continued in the service and was assigned to duty in Tennessee and also to the 20-B. 306 - HISTORY OF THE UPPER OHIO VALLEY. management of a United States army hospital in Louisville for wounded soldiers. His health having become impaired, he was discharged from service by the war department, for physical disability. He immediately returned home and sought rest as a means to recover his health, and after a year resumed the practice of his profession in Steubenville. On July 24, 1867, he was appointed lieutenant-colonel, by brevet, in the United States medical service, for faithful and meritorious services during the war of the rebellion. In 1869 he received the appointment of examining surgeon in the service of the government, which position he yet retains. He has been f0r a number of years a prominent member of the state medical society, and was chairman of the committee on the incurable insane of Ohio, making the report to the legislature. He has also written more 0r less on medical topics. He has been from its organization a pr0minent officer and member of the Jefferson county medical association. He was appointed in 1875, censor of the Columbus medical college. Was appointed by President U.S. Grant, in June, 1869, a United States examining surgeon for pensions, at Steubenville, Ohio, which p0sition he held continuously for twenty years, up to July, 1889; was a member of the centennial medical congress at Philadelphia, Penn., in 1876, and a member of the ninth International medical congress at Washington, D. C., September, 1887. He has never sought or held any public office involving political responsibility. He was married in 1860, to Celia J., daughter of the late Richard Savary, of Steubenville. Dr. John Pearce, a prominent dentist and much esteemed citizen, of Steubenville, Ohio, was born in the city in which he resides December 12, 1842, being the son of Enoch and Rachel (MacKenzie) Pearce, a more extensive "mention of whom appears elsewhere in this work. His home during his entire life, thus far, has been in Steubenville, in the public schools of which city he received his early education. At nineteen years of age he entered the service of the Uni0n army, and the first years of his manhood were spent helping to put down the rebellion. A complete record of his services which covered nearly the entire war, and which were, indeed, most honorable, is here given: On December 25, 1861, he was appointed hospital steward of the Sixty-first regiment Ohio volunteer infantry, and served in that capacity until after the battle of Gettysburg. On November 21, 1863, he was appointed a first lieutenant, and with that rank he commanded Company A, of the Sixty-first regiment Ohio volunteer infantry, from that date until the close of the war. He served in first brigade, third division, first army corps, army of Virginia, from June to September, 1862; the first brigade, third division, eleventh army corps, army of the Pot0mac, from September, 1862, to September, 1863; the first brigade, third division, eleventh army corps, army of the Cumberland, from September, 1863, to April II, 1864, and in the third brigade, first division, twentieth army corps, army of the Cumberland, from April i 1, 1864, to March, 1865. Service duty in western Virginia, mountain department, June to August, 1862; battle of Freeman's Ford, August 22, 1862; White Sulphur Springs, JEFFERSON COUNTY, OHIO - 307 August 23, 24; Waterloo Bridge, August 25; Plains of Manassas, August 28, 29; Bull Run, August 30; operations on Centreville Pike and skirmish at Fairfax Court House, September r, 2; expedition to Thoroughfare Gap and Rappahannock river, October 26, to November 3; movement to Falmouth, Va., December 10 to 14; Burnside's second campaign, January 20 to 24, 1863; Chancellorsville campaign, April 27 to May 6; battle of Chancellorsville, May 2 and 3; Pennsylvania campaign, June 12 to July 16; battle of Gettysburg, July I to 3; action near Hagerstown, Md., July 12; duty on Orange and Alexandria railroad, July 26 to September 25, and at Bridgeport, Ala., October 1 to 27; night battle on Lookout creek, October 28 and 29; battle of Missionary Ridge, November 23 to 25; relief of Knoxville, November 29 to December I 11; battle of Resaca, Ga., May 14 and 15, 1864; Cassville, May 19; Dallas, May 25; operations near Dallas, June I to 3; passage of the Chattahoochie, July 17; battle of Peach Tree Creek, July 20; siege of Atlanta, July 20 to September 2; duty on the Chattahoochie, July 27 to August 5; march to the sea, November 15 to December 0; skirmish at Sandersonville, Ga., November 26; siege of Savannah, December 10 to 20; campaign of the Carolinas, January 16 to March 31, 1865; march to Goldsboro, N. C., January 20 to March 24; battle of Bentonville, N. C., March 19 to 21. In some of the engagements his regiment suffered heavy loss, and it was particularly great at the battle of Peach Tree Creek, in which it lost half its number in about twenty-five minutes. He, however, came through unhurt, and on March 31, 1865, he was honorably discharged near Goldsb0ro, N. C. From the war he returned home, and shortly afterward he entered upon the study of dentistry, with Dr. Henry Morrison, formerly of Steubenville, but now of Pittsburgh, Penn. He remained with him about one year and a half. He then took one course of lectures in the Pennsylvania dental college, of Philadelphia, after which he immediately began the practice of his profession in Steubenville, Ohio, and he is now a leading dentist and highly respected citizen of that city. Dr. Pearce was married October 3, 1871, to Lizzie Morris, daughter of Justin G. Morris, a former citizen of Steubenville. Their marriage has resulted in the birth of the following two children: Hattie M. and Morris J., of whom the former died aged thirteen years. Dr. Pearce is a member of the Ohio Valley dental society, and of the Grand Army of the Republic. Politically he is a republican. He is a skillful dentist, and he is in possession of a good practice. He is an honorable, upright, worthy man and his record, whether viewed from a civil, military or professional standpoint, is thoroughly honorable and eminently creditable. Levi L. Pitner, a leading blacksmith and horseshoer of Steubenville, was born in Sharon, Penn., May 74, 1848. He is the son of Richard C. and Harriet (Kinney) Pitner, the former a native of Steubenville, and the latter of New Hampshire. When he was six years old his parents removed to Clarion county, Penn., and three years later he went to live with the family of J. C. McCamant, a wealthy farmer and blacksmith of Clarion county. At fifteen years of age he went to 308 - HISTORY OF THE UPPER OHIO VALLEY. Wheeling and served a four years' apprenticeship at the blacksmith's trade. He was then employed as a journeyman two years and four months in St. Clairsville, Ohio. He then, in 1870, engaged at blacksmithing for himself at West Wheeling. Two years later he removed to Wellsburgh, W. Va., where he was engaged in a blacksmithing business seven years. In 1881 he came to Steubenville, where he conducts a large blacksmith shop. Mr. Pitner was married November 23, 1870, to Anna C. Maybury, a native of Wheeling, W. Va., daughter of Rev. William Maybury, a Baptist minister. They have had ten children: William R., Laura E., Marcus, Emma, Dessie, Mary E., Levi, Mabel, McCoy and Rachel, of whom Emma, Levi and McCoy are deceased. Mr. and Mrs. Pitner are members of the First Baptist church of Steubenville, and he is an Odd Fellow. Capt. Benjamin F. Prentiss, a highly respected citizen of Steubenville, Ohio, was born in Milton, Northumberland county, Penn., August 31, 1835. He was the son of Benjamin F. and Mary (Hunter) Prentiss, the former of whom was born in the state of New York, and the latter of whom was born in county Derry, Ireland. His parents were married in 1834. His father was killed by being thrown from a wagon in 1859. His mother died April 1, 1886. The subject was chiefly reared in his native state. In the latter part of 1854 he removed to Akron, Ohio. In April, 1856, he came to Steubenville. September 5, 1861, he entered the Union army as a private in Company G, Second Ohio volunteer infantry. October 7, 1861, he was promoted to the' rank of captain, and he commanded Company H, First Ohio volunteer infantry until May 7, 1863, when he resigned and returned home. He commanded his company at Shiloh and Stone River, besides many other smaller engagements. After returning from the war Capt. Prentiss took a very active and courageous part in the pursuit of John Morgan, and as commander of a squad composed of nineteen young men he had a lively engagement with a band of. raiders near Wintersville, Jefferson county. June 23, 1863, he was married in Steubenville to Margaret J. King, daughter of Matthew and Jane (Sands) King, both of whom were natives of Ireland. Her father was born in county Donegal. They came to America single, and were married in Steubenville, Ohio, where Mrs. Prentiss was born April 27, 1839. Since their marriage Mr. and Mrs. Prentiss have resided at different times in Benwood, W. Va.; Wheeling, W. Va.; Bellville, Ill.; Clifton, W. Va., and Steubenville, Ohio. Mr. Prentiss learned the trade 0f a nailer in his youth, and he has followed it in one capacity or another nearly all the time ever since. He had charge of the Benwood Iron Works, of Benwood, W. Va., about three years, and he was general manager of the Bellville Nail company, of Bellville, Ill., about four years. Upon the formation of the Co-operative Nail company, of Steubenville, Ohio, in 1885, Mr. Prentiss was made its president, and he held that position throughout its entire existence. The marriage of Mr. and Mrs. Prentiss has resulted in the birth of five children, as follows: Mary K., Franklin R., Jennie B., George D. and Matthew W., of whom the last two are JEFFERSON COUNTY, OHIO - 309 deceased. Mary is a teacher in the Steubenville city schools; Franklin is a nailer by trade, and Jennie is now pursuing the study of medicine, being a student in a Cleveland medical college. Capt. Prentiss is a Mason and a member of the G. A. R. In politics he is a republican. He has served as a member of the school board in both Ben- wood, W. Va., and Steubenville, Ohio. He is one of Steubenville's best citizens, and he and wife are very highly respected. He is at present president of the First Ohio Volunteer Infantry association. Henry M. Priest, a prominent and highly esteemed citizen of Steubenville, Ohio, was born in the village of Wintersville, Jefferson county, Ohio, June 9, 1847. He is the son of Valentine and Elizabeth (Loyd) Priest, the former of whom was born in Wellsburg, Va., in the year 1809, and the latter was born in Cross Creek township, Jefferson county, Ohio, in the year 1810. His father was the son of Stephen and Mary Priest, and his mother was the daughter of John and Mary Loyd. His mother died in 1882, and her husband, who, throughout his life gave his attention to the blacksmith's trade, and later to the 'grocery business, survived her until 1888. He was a life-long democrat, and when he died he was serving as postmaster of the village of Wintersville, having been appointed during the administration of Grover Cleveland. The subject of this sketch was reared to the age of sixteen in his native village, in the schools of which he received his early education. Between the ages of sixteen and eighteen he attended school in winter, and was employed in different ways in summer. At eighteen years of age he took up the vocation of a teacher, and this pursuit received the greater part of his attention for four years. He also, during that time, attended the Hopedale normal college two terms. On the 5th day of June, 1871, he entered the employ of the Jefferson Iron Works of Steubenville, which was then operated by the firm of Spaulding, Woodward & Co., his first position being that of memorandum clerk. In 1874 he was promoted to the position of superintendent of labor in the furnace department of the establishment, and he continued in that capacity until 1875, when he was promoted to the position of assistant book-keeper in the city office. He held that position until November, 1881, when he was elected secretary of the company, and he continued in that capacity until March 12, 1.883. On that date he was elected president of the La Belle Iron Works, of Wheeling, W. Va., which property was largely owned by the stockholders of the Jefferson Iron Works, of Steubenville. He resigned that position February 5, 1887, to accept the presidency of the Junction Iron company, of Wheeling, also the associate general management of the Laughlin and Junction Steel company, of Wheeling, the plants of both of which corporations are located at Mingo Junction, Jefferson county, Ohio, which two positions he still holds. Mr. Priest also possesses a knowledge of law, having studied it at odd moments during his clerical career, and having been admitted to the bar in April, 1876. He was married April 30, 1873, to Ida J. Gracy, daughter of Joseph and Catharine Gracy, the former of whom used to be a resident of Cross creek township, Jefferson county. The marriage of Mr. and Mrs. Priest has re- 310 - HISTORY OF THE UPPER OHIO VALLEY. suited in the birth of six children as follows: Laura E., Annie E., Bertha J., Harry H., Bessie M. and Mamie, all of whom are living. Mr. Priest is an Odd Fellow, a Mason and a Knight Templar. He is a past grand officer in Odd Fellowship, and he is at present eminent commander of the Steubenville Commandery, No. 11, Knights Templar. In politics he is a republican. He is a man of easy manner and calm demeanor, and one whose business qualifications are of a very high order. In every circle of life, whether of a social, or business character, he stands very high. Dr. Thomas H. Purviance, a venerable physician and surgeon of Steubenville, was born in Smithfield township, Jefferson county, June 15, 1814. He is the son of Thomas and Mary (Dix) Purviance, the former of whom was born in Fayette county, Penn., July 30, 1779, the latter in Jefferson county, Ohio, in the early part of August, 1783. Thomas was the son of James and Elizabeth Purviance, the former of whom was a native of England, and came to America an orphan. He became a minister of the Friends, and labored in that capacity in Fayette county, Penn., where he resided from the time he came to America, until he died. The mother of Dr. Purviance was the daughter of John and Sarah (Harlan) Dix. When the subject of this sketch was twelve years of age, his parents removed to Smithfield, Jefferson county, where he spent his youth. At the age of nineteen, he became a teacher in the public schools. After three terms he entered New Athens college, where he was graduated in 1842. He then resumed teaching for three years, at the same time being a student at medicine, under Dr. John Leslie, of Steubenville. In the fall of 1850, he entered the Physio-medical college of Cincinnati, in which he completed a full course, graduating in 1852. He then began the practice of medicine in Westchester, Tuscarawas county, Ohio. A year later, he removed to Jewett, Harrison county, where he practiced until 1874. In the spring of that year he located in Steubenville, where he has since resided. Dr. Purviance was married October 27, 1836, to Sarah, daughter of Nathan and Susannah (Dix) Maxson, the former a native of Pennsylvania, and the latter of Maryland. Mrs. Purviance was born in Harrison county, Ohio, December 9, 1816. She has borne to her husband, five sons and two daughters: Joseph F., a physician of Steubenville; Nathan M. a prominent attorney of Kansas; Mary A., wife of David Lowmiller, of Carroll county, Ohio; Thomas H., a prominent contractor of Steubenville; Susannah, who died, aged eleven years; Samuel T., a farmer of Barton county, Mo., and William A., at present mayor of Rosedale, Kansas. Dr. Purviance is now seventy-five years of age. He began his career as a physician nearly forty years ago, and he is still actively engaged in his profession. He has been very successful, and his practice has been both large and lucrative. He and wife have lived together fifty-two years, and both bid fair to live for years to come, to enjoy a happy old age. Dr. Samuel E. Queen, a prominent young veterinary surgeon of Steubenville, was born in Carroll county, Ohio, May 22, 1862. He is JEFFERSON COUNTY, OHIO - 311 the son of Samuel G. and Harriet (Lewis) Queen, the former of whom was born in Carroll county, and the latter in Columbiana county. They are still living, and continue to occupy the old home farm in Carroll county where Dr. Queen was born. The latter was reared to manhood at the home of his parents. At twenty-one years of age, in the fall of 1883, he entered the Ontario veterinary college of Toronto, Canada, in which he took two courses of lectures, graduating March 7, 1885. On May 21st, of the same year, he located at Steubenville, where he has since been actively engaged in the practice of his profession, being now the city's leading veterinary surgeon. Dr. Queen was married May 6, 1886, to Jennie H. McCrea, of Columbiana county. Their marriage has resulted in the birth of one child, Charles W., born June 15, 1887. The doctor and wife are members of the First Presbyterian church. He is a member of the Knights of Pythias, and in politics he is a republican. He is in possession of a lucrative practice and has the full confidence of the public. He is the only practitioner in Steubenville who is a graduate of a veterinary college, and judging from his past experience, there is every reason to believe that he will be eminently successful in the practice of his chosen profession. Theodore F. Rabe, of Steubenville, was born at Bloomfield, Jefferson county, August 26, 1848. He is the son of William and Drusilla (Copeland) Rabe, natives of Washington county, Penn., the latter having been born in Monongahela City, and the former near that place. His father was the son of Jacob and Ann Rabe, was twice married, Drusilla being the first wife. She died in 1854, leaving three sons, of whom Theodore is the second, and of whom all are now living. The father was afterward married to Mary Ann Wheaton, who survives, and who bore him two daughters, both of whom are living. The father died March 4, 1888. Mr. Rabe's early life was spent in his native village of Bloomfield, in the public school of . which he received his early education. In his youth he secured a situation as clerk in a general store, and the grocery business has occupied the greater part of his attention ever since. For one year he was a member of the firm of Hulton, Tipton & Rabe, general merchants, of Bloomfield. In 1878, he removed to Steubenville, where he has since been engaged in the grocery business. He was married March 28, 1883, to Alvilda, daughter of Leander and Mary Jane (Moore) Scott, who were respectively natives of Guernsey and Jefferson counties, Ohio. Her father was a soldier in Company H, Seventy-eighth Ohio volunteer infantry, and died while in the service. Mrs. Rabe was born in the village of New Alexandria. She is the mother of one child, Clara Permar, born January 5, 1885. Mr. Rabe and wife are members of the Methodist Episcopal church of Steubenville. He is a member of the Royal Arcanum and the International Progressive Association. In politics he is a republican. He was once secretary 0f the town of Bloomfield, holding the office two terms.. Mr. Rabe is a reliable and successful business man, and both he and wife are highly respected, 312 - HISTORY OF THE UPPER OHIO VALLEY. The Steubenville Female seminary, now educating the third generation, has exerted a remarakably wide-spread and beneficial influence throughout a long period of years an influence which has been felt in home and society in all parts of America and in foreign lands. In its earliest days, when the river, the canal boat, and the stage were the only means of transit, its daughters came from afar, and still, in spite of many similar institutions all over the land, its widespread fame draws pupils from all regions. The methods of culture are calculated to produce sensible, intelligent women, able to occupy positions of responsibility, to meet skillfully all the emergencies of life, as well as fill the noble positions of wife and mother. The religious influence it has exerted has been of great value, and 0 per cent. of its pupils have yearly been brought within the church. With this institution since 1856, Rev. Alexander McCandless Reid, Ph. D., has been connected, and for several years past he has been its pr0prietor and principal. Previously, Rev. Dr. Charles C. Beatty and wife were in charge, but by a strange circumstance Dr. Comingo met Dr. Reid in Switzerland, on Mont Blanc, and there pleasant association led to relations with Dr. Beatty, which brought Dr. Reid and wife to the seminary. They soon demonstrated their entire fitness for the place, and in the years that have followed have sustained and advanced the high position of the institution. His thorough scholarship, and skill as a teacher, have been aided by the efforts of his estimable wife, who has greatly assisted in the work of advancing the social and esthetical culture of those, who, during their period of attendance, are made by her to feel that they are members of her home and family. Dr. Reid was born in Beaver county, Penn., April 20, 1827. His father, Henry Reid, was a Presbyterian elder of repute, and his mother, Jane McCandless, was a woman of notable piety who bore many years of painful affliction. He was educated at Cannonsburgh, in the Jefferson c0llege, and at the Allegheny theological seminary. He then engaged in teaching at Sewickley academy, Pennsylvania, associated with Rev. Joseph S. Travelli. In 1855 he went to Europe for further study, and in the same year was married to Sarah Lambert, Mercer county, Penn. In October, 1856, he became associated with Dr. Beatty in the management of the institution above referred to. During the nineteen years of his connection with the institution the average number of pupils has been about 150, the number of boarding pupils about ninety, and the whole number of pupils that have attended is over 4,000. He received the degree of Ph. D., from Washington and Jefferson college. In 1875 he was a delegate to the Pan-Presbyterian assembly at London, representing the Northern Presbyterian church. He then made an extensive tour of the continent. During his previous visit to Europe he contributed to two ,journals, and he has written more or less regularly since for the press. Of his many brilliant sermons several have been published and widely circulated. James M. Reynolds, city clerk of Steubenville, and for the past twelve years, operator at that place for the " Pan Handle " railroad A. M. REID JEFFERSON COUNTY, OHIO - 313 company, was born in Steubenville, December 24, 1857. His parents, Henry K. and Ann E. (Davidson) Reynolds, were both born about thirty miles from Baltimore, in Cecil county, Md., and were married in that state. In an early day they located in Steubenville, where the father spent the rest of his life, and where the mother still resides. Here his father first engaged in the dry goods business, but later led the life of a steamboat captain. It was he who, in connection with Mr. Loudon Borland, sank the coal shaft in Steubenville, which is now operated by the Steubenville coal and mining company. Still later he was a member of the firm of Reynolds & Anderson, who operated extensive planing-mill interests. Some years after retiring from this he was elected recorder of Jefferson county, but died April 10, 1877, during his term of office. James M. Reynolds was reared in Steubenville, the public schools of which he attended until he was nineteen years of age, lacking only about two months of completing the high school course. On quitting school he began the study of telegraphy in the office of the P., C. & St. L. railroad company, at Steubenville. In less than a year he was a competent operator, and in April, 1877, he entered the employ of the company as night operator. At the expiration of one year he was made day operator, and he has held that position ever since. Mr. Reynolds was married October 8, 1884, to Carrie G., daughter of John Underwood, of Cross Creek township, and at present a member of the board of county commissioners. Mr. Reynolds and wife are members of the Episcopal church. He is a member of the Odd Fellows lodge and Encampment, and the Patriarchs Militant. In politics he is an ardent republican. In the spring of 1885 he was appointed clerk by the city council, and he has filled that position with marked ability, having been re-appointed in the spring of 1887, and again in the spring of 1889. Hon. Rees Griffith Richards, a prominent lawyer of Steubenville, and ex-lieutenant-governor of the state of Ohio, is a native of Wales, born July 22, 1842. He was the son of William G. and Sarah (Griffith) Richards, with whom he came to America when he was ten years of age, or in 1842. Both his paternal and maternal ancestors were purely of Welsh descent, and had resided in Wales for many generations back. On reaching the United States his parents located in Tioga county, Penn., where the father, for a few years, followed his trade, which was that of a blacksmith, and where later on he turned his attention to farming, devoting his attention to this pursuit until his death in 1863. The mother of our subject still survives, and is now a resident of Youngstown, Mahoning Co., Ohio. The subject of this sketch, in early youth, learned the wagon maker's trade with his father, and after the latter turned his attention to agricultural pursuits, his son, Rees, labored at farm work until the breaking out of the war. He received a good academic education, and at sixteen years of age he became a teacher in district schools, teaching, in all, three terms and alternating with it school work as student. In September, 1861, he entered the service of the Union army as a private in Company G, Forty-fifth Pennsylvania volunteer infantry, with 314 - HISTORY OF THE UPPER OHIO VALLEY. which he served until the end 0f the war. In a few weeks after his enlistment he was made an orderly sergeant, and on the 14th of September, 1862, for meritorious conduct in the battle of South Mountain, he was made captain of his company. It should be said right here, however, that, in the meantime, before he was made captain, he was commissioned a second lieutenant, but, for some unknown reason, the commission failed to reach him, and he never had any knowledge of it until after the close of the war. He served in the capacity of captain from the time he was promoted to that rank until the close of the war. He participated in the battle near Charleston, S. C., the battle of South Mountain, besides numerous skirmishes before he became captain, and he commanded his company at Antietam, Fredericksburg, Blue Springs, Campbell's Station, Knoxville, Vicksburg, Jackson, the Wilderness, Spottsylvania and the battle before Petersburgh, besides many others of less importance. In the battle of Jackson he received a painful, though not serious, wound. A ball struck him in the right leg, but fortunately the wound was not sufficiently serious to cause him to leave his c0mmand. At Petersburgh, on the 30th of July, 1864, he was captured, and for six months and a half he was held a prisoner of war. He was regularly confined at Petersburgh, Danville, Va., Columbia, S. C., and finally at Charlotte, N. C. On February 16, 1865, he made his escape from the prison at Charlotte, and in company with two other prisoners who had also escaped, he set out through the woods for Knoxville, Tenn., arriving there four weeks later, or on the 16th day of March. He rejoined his regiment at Alexandria, and from that time until the close of the war he served on the staff of Gen. Curtin. He was mustered out of the service at Harrisburgh, Penn., August, 1865. On the 22d day of the following November he was married in Tioga c0unty, Penn., to Miss Catharine C. Rees, a native of Tioga county, and daughter of David and Mary (Morgan) Rees. In December, 1865, Mr. Richards removed to Youngstown, Ohio, where, for two years, he was engaged in mercantile pursuits. In 1867 he removed to Jefferson county, Ohio, and located in Irondale, where, for six years, he continued merchandising. In the fall of 1873 he was elected a member of the state legislature. He was re-elected in 1875, serving two full terms. In the fall of 1877 he was elected to the state senate and was re-elected a member of that body in 1879, serving in it, also, two full terms. In the fall of 1881 he was elected lieutenant-g0vernor of the state 0f Ohio and served two years, declining a renomination. At the expiration of his term as lieutenant-governor, he returned to his home in Steubenville, whither he had removed from Irondale in 1877, and he has ever since devoted his whole time and attention to the practice of law, having, in the meantime, been admitted to the bar in 1876. He soon became prominent at the bar and he now ranks as a leading lawyer of Jefferson county. In politics he has been an ardent supporter of the principles of the republican party. He takes an active part in his party's affairs and is recognized as one of its leaders in the politics of the state. He is a member of the Masonic lodge and of JEFFERSON COUNTY, OHIO - 315 the Grand Army of the Republic. Gov. Richards is a pleasant, affable, agreeable gentleman, a good conversationalist and altogether a most companionable man. He has a wide acquaintance and is highly esteemed by all who know him. During his last term as state senator, owing to the absence of the lieutenant-governor, Mr. Richards presided over the senate. During the two years which followed he served as lieutenant-governor, and he therefore presided over the state senate for four consecutive years. In this connection it should be said, that during the entire four years his decision was never appealed from but once, and in that instance it was sustained by a vote of twenty-three to three. William Richards, the oldest native born citizen of Steubenville, was born in a log cabin which stood on a lot adjoining the one he now occupies, February 10, 1809. He is the son of Stephen and Mary Richards, who were located at Steubenville about the time that place began to have an existence, and who spent the remainder of their lives there. They had eight children, of whom William was the sixth, and is now the only one living. His father in early manhood worked as a stone mason, but finally turned his attention to butchering, and followed that until broken health and old age compelled him to retire from the active duties of life. Both he and wife reached a ripe old age. Their son William is now eighty years of age, and has had his home throughout life upon a spot of ground 60x 180 feet. He learned the butcher's trade with his father, and this was his vocation until he retired from active business about the time of the civil war. Mr. Richards was married January 6, 1842, to Angeline Smith, who was born on Market street, May 12, 1813. She is the daughter of Jabez and Asenath (Dunn) Smith, who were among the earliest settlers of Steubenville. Of their eight children she was the third, and is one of the two now living. To the marriage of Mr. and Mrs. Richards was born one child, Homer, who lived three weeks. They are members of the Methodist Episcopal church. In politics he was formerly a democrat, casting his first presidential vote for Andrew Jackson, but in 1864 he voted for Abraham Lincoln, and he has since been a member of the republican party. William F. Ridgley, a leading druggist of Steubenville, is a native of that city, born February 7, 1844. He is the son of John and Anna (Gibson) Ridgley, the former of 'whom died in 1852. His mother is still living and is now a resident of Denver, Col. He received his early education in the public schools of Steubenville, and in boyhood became a drug clerk in the empl0y of Richard D, Morrison, who was engaged in business in the same room that Mr. Ridgley now occupies. Later in his youth, he, for a short time, worked at the tinner's trade. At eighteen years of age he entered the Union army, and from August 6, 1862, until the close of the war, served gallantly and faithfully as a member of Company D, Ninety-eighth Ohio volunteer infantry. After the war he re-entered the drug store of Mr. Morrison, and, with the exception of a few months, remained with him until 1869. In that year he engaged in the drug business for himself, and he is 316 - HISTORY OF THE UPPER OHIO VALLEY. at the present time, one of the leading retail druggists of the city. For the past twelve years he has occupied the building at No. 402 Market street, where a drug business has been conducted continuously since 1850. Mr. Ridgley was married April 30, 1867, to Lizzie Barr, also a native of Steubenville, the daughter of John G. and Lydia (Cummins) Barr. Their marriage has resulted in the birth of six children: Jessie H., wife of John C. Ward, of Steubenville; John B., a. clerk in his father's store; Lizzie F., Alice E., Joseph G. and Frank Wray. Mr. and Mrs. Ridgley are members of the Methodist Protestant church. He is a member of the I. 0. 0. F., the G. A. R., the K. of H., and the Royal Arcanum. In politics he is a devoted republican, having cast his first vote for Abraham Lincoln. In every circle in life, whether of social, religious, business or fraternal character, his standing is 0f the best. William Ruddicks, a leading boot and shoe dealer of Steubenville, was born in Scotland, December 22, 1846. He was the son of John and Nancy Ruddicks, the latter of whom died when he was a very small child. After her death he lived with his grandparents until he was six years old. At that age he came to America with his father, and located in Steubenville, where his father died in 1876, and where he has resided ever since. At about thirteen years of age he began to learn the baker's trade, but followed it only for nine months. After that, for one year, he was engaged as a peddler. In August, 1861, 0r at the early age of fourteen, he entered the service 0f the Union army in Company L, First West Virginia cavalry, with which he served until the close of the war. He participated in nearly all the engage, \ments of his regiment, including the battle of Gettysburg. Just after that battle he was wounded at Fallen Water, and for three m0nths thereafter he remained in convalescent camp. He was honorably discharged at Wheeling, W. Va, in the fall of 1865. From the war he returned to Steubenville and after a short time became employed as the driver of a dray and continued that way 0ne year. He then became employed in a wholesale grocery and thus continued three years, after which he was employed as a clerk in a retail grocery a year and a half. For three years following this he was engaged in a huckstering business. In September, 1876, he engaged in mercantile pursuits at Nebo, Jefferson county, and there conducted a general store six years. In 1882 be sold out and returned to Steubenville. Here he clerked one year in a retail grocery and spent one year with the milling firm of Raney, Sheal & Co. He then took a situation as a clerk in a boot and shoe store, and he continued in that capacity four years. In July, 1887, he engaged in the boot and shoe business for himself, and he is now doing a large and successful business. Mr. Ruddicks was married January 21, 1868, to Mary J. Ault, daughter of Michael and Charlotte (Percival) Ault, who were respectively natives of Jefferson county, Ohio, and the state of Vermont. Mr. and Mrs. Ruddicks are the parents of an only daughter, Emma C., who was born September 7, 1873. Mr. and Mrs. Ruddicks and daughter are members of the Methodist Episcopal church. Mr. Ruddicks is a mem- JEFFERSON COUNTY, OHIO - 317 ber of the I. O. O. F., in which he has also taken the Encampment and Patriarchs Militant degrees. He is at present accountant of Canton Doty, No. 42, Patriarchs Militant, having been appointed April 22, 1889. He is also a member of the K. of P., the G. A. R., the National Union and the Union Veteran Legion. In politics he is a republican. He is an enterprising and reliable man, and a citizen who is very highly respected. Josiah B. Salmon, a leading citizen of Steubenville, was born in that city January 31, 1825. He is the son of Cutler and Anna (Burk) Salmon, the former a native of New Jersey and the latter of Toronto, Canada. His father was the son of Samuel and Elizabeth Salmon, who located in Brooke county, W. Va., opposite Steubenville, in 1797, when Cutler was a small boy. In 1804 they removed to Steubenville, where the grandparents both died and where Cutler Salmon spent the rest of his life, his death occurring in 1863. His wife survived him until 1868. The subject of this sketch has spent his entire life, thus far, in Steubenville. He learned the butcher's trade in ,early manhood, and followed it from 1840 until 1860. Since 1860 he has been engaged in the real estate business. During two years of the war he was engaged in buying horses for the government. He has been successful in business, and has accumulated considerable property. His residence on North Third street is one of the handsomest in Steubenville. He was married February 22, 1851, to Margaret, a daughter of Esquire Joseph Collins. She died just eleven months after her marriage. In 1855 he was married to Elizabeth, daughter of Abram Collins. He and his present wife have had eight children, five of whom are living: Robert S., William K., James McK., Samuel, Anna, Clay, Emma and Elizabeth. Those deceased are Robert S., William K. and James McK. In politics Mr. Salmon is a republican. He has served two terms as a member of the board of county commissioners. Orlin Mead Sanford, of Steubenville, Ohio, is a native of Ballston Springs, N.Y., born May 13, 1856, being the son of George and Louisa C. (Gibbs) Sanford. His father was born on Sanford's Ridge, Glens Falls, N. Y., October 25, 1805, and was the son of David and Amy (Hartwell) Sanford, who were natives of Connecticut. The mother of our subject was the daughter of Dr. Leonard Gibbs, a physician of Granville, N. Y. Our subject was but nine months old when his mother died, and only five years when his father died. From the time his mother died, until he was fifteen years of age, he lived with an aunt in Chautauqua and Cattaraugus counties, N. Y. At fifteen, he entered school at Manlius, N. Y. A year later he went to Hartford, Conn., and entered Charles C. Abbott's school for boys, the founder of which was a brother of John S. C. Abbott and Jacob Abbott, the authors. He attended that school two years. He then entered the Massachusetts institute of technology, of Boston, where he remained one year, after which he spent one year reading in the Boston Athenaeum library. For one year following this, he was engaged in a lumber yard and bank at Oneida, N. Y. During four months of 1877, he was 318 - HISTORY OF THE UPPER OHIO VALLEY. traveling in Europe, visiting many points of interest. In the fall of 1877, he entered the law office of Graves & Stevens, of Syracuse, N. Y. In the fall of 1878, he entered the Columbia college law school of New York city, from which he graduated in 1880. He was immediately admitted to the bar, and soon after, he was admitted to practice in the supreme court of New York. He at once entered upon the law business in New York city, and for four or five years, he was connected with Austin Abbott, the well-known author and editor, and during that time he acted as an assistant to that personage, in the preparation of a number of important publications, among which, may be mentioned Abbott's Digests, Reports, Trial Briefs, etc. He afterward engaged in the practice of law, on Wall street, with Daniel S. Remsen. In October, 1883, he was married to Hettie B., daughter of Rev. Dr. A. M. Reid, of Steubenville, Ohio, and went to housekeeping in New York city. In the fall of 1886, he removed to Steubenville, Ohio, where he has since been associated with the Steubenville Female seminary. Since the period of his school days at Hartford, Mr. Sanford has written more or less for the press, and for some time past, he has been the special correspondent of a number of the city dailies, and has been a frequent contributor to the New York Observer. He is a member of the Second Presbyterian church of Steubenville, in which he is just now, both elder and treasurer. He is a devoted member of the republican party, and takes an active part in political campaigns, both in the councils of his party, and upon the stump. He is a hard student, and has always been very fond of reading. He possesses an excellent library and is well versed in literature. His tastes and inclinations are for literary pursuits, for which he possesses much natural ability. The parents of Mr. Sanford were married January 8, 1834. His mother was born May 24, 1812. His parents had seven children, 0f whom he was the youngest. Of these, five were sons, and five are now living: George H. Sanford, the eldest son, was a prominent democratic p0litician of New Y0rk state, and served repeatedly in both the senate and house of representatives in that state. He was a delegate to the national democratic convention, of 1864, being the youngest member of that body. His age was then only twenty-eight. He was subsequently a delegate to one other national convention, and for three years he was a member of the democratic state committee. Leonard G. Sanford, the second son, served as United States consul to Peru, during the administration of President Buchanan. The mother of our subject died at Syracuse, N. Y., March 3, 1857. His father followed lumbering pursuits in northern and western New York, and afterward as a wholesale lumber dealer at Albany. Later, he was largely interested in the manufacture of salt at Syracuse. He died at Clifton Springs, N. Y., sanitarium, March 24, 1862. He was honored with a number of official positions, and served in the New York state assembly. Major James F. Sarratt, a prominent jeweler and worthy citizen of Steubenville, was born at Washington, Washington county, Penn., February 8, 1828. He located in Steubenville in 1858. In early life he JEFFERSON COUNTY, OHIO - 319 had learned the tinner's trade, and his attention was given to it during his earlier manhood. After locating in Steubenville, he became a watchmaker and jeweler, which business, with the exception 0f the years of the war, has since occupied his attention. In April; 1861, he entered the service of the Union army as a first lieutenant in Company I, Twentieth Ohio volunteer infantry, with which he served about four months. September 5, 1861, he raised a company for the Second Ohio volunteer infantry, in the three years' service, which he commanded until March, 1863, when he was commissioned major. He served in this latter capacity until October 10, 1864, when his regiment was mustered out at Columbus, Ohio. Mr. Sarratt was married in December, 1867, to Elizabeth Turnbull, the daughter of the late James Turnbull, of Steubenville. They have three children: James T., Belle and Carrie, all of whom are living. Mr. Sarratt is an Odd Fellow and a member of the G. A. R. In politics he is a republican. are residents of Steubenville. The father was born in Washington county, Penn., August 24, 1815. His mother, who was born at Steu- February 3, 1854, the son of John and Elizabeth (Irwin) Scott, who William M. Scott, the efficient marshal of Steubenville, was born Stuebenville, December 20, 1827, is the daughter of Robert and Nancy (Johnson) Irwin, the former of whom was born in county Down, Ireland, 1794, and came with his parents to America when he was two years old, and the latter was born in Middletown, Conn., in 1796. Mr. Scott has spent his entire life in Steubenville. He received his early twelve years, having been employed during that time in the Means foundry. While thus employed he was nominated in March, 1887, education in the public school, and at sixteen years of age began the moulder's trade, and his attention was devoted chiefly to it for about land, in 1794, and came with his parents to America when he was two for the office of city marshal. He was elected and is now serving his second term, having been re-elected in the spring of 1889. Mr. Scott was married March 24, 1887, to Ada R. Powell, also a native of Steubenville, born September 1, 1865, daughter of Reuel and Ann H. (Dillon) Powell. Her father was born February 26, 1800, at Steubenville, where his parents had located about three years before, being among the earliest settlers. He was a man of considerable prominence in the city. The mother of Mrs. Scott was his second wife. The mother of Mrs. Scott was born in what is now Monongahela City, Penn., September 16, 1826, daughter of Humphrey and Mary Dillon, native Pennsylvanians. Mr. Powell died December 31, 1871, and some years afterward she was married to Joshua Manly, of Steubenville. She died April 10, 1888. Mr. Scott is a member of the K. of P., and in politics is an ardent republican; an honest, upright young man, he possesses the full confidence of the public. Frank N. Shanley, a prominent business man of Steubenville, was born in New Cumberland, Hancock Co., W. Va., February 9, 1853, being the son of Dr. William and Phoebe A; (Clark) Shanley. His father, a native of Dublin, Ireland, came to America at nineteen years of age, and was married to the above named at her home in Newark, 320 - HISTORY OF THE UPPER OHIO VALLEY. N. J. He was a physician, having attended the Ohio medical college of Cincinnati. The greater part of his professional services were performed in New Cumberland, W. Va., where his death occurred July 18, 1889. His wife had died in that place descendants years previous. Frank N. was reared in New Cumberland. He studied medicine with his father, and attended one course of lectures in the Starling medical college of Columbus, Ohio. He, however, preferred to engage in some business pursuit, and for this reason abandoned the medical profession. In 1883 he engaged in the hat business in Steubenville, and he has done a successful business of that kind ever since. He was married March 16, 1883, to Rachel A., daughter of Thomas and Elizabeth (Hammon) Dougherty, natives of Pennsylvania. Her mother died in Erie, Penn., May 7, 1856. A few years later her father located in Steubenville, where he resided several years. He is now a resident of Iowa. Mr. and Mrs. Shanley have three children: Stella, Helen and Bessie T. A son, William F., died in childhood. The parents are members of the Congregational church. He is a member of the K. of P. lodge. The Sharon Family. The ancestors of this now celebrated family were Quakers, who came over in William Penn's colony and settled in Philadelphia. William Sharon, whose descendants have become so prominent in Jefferson county, and one of whom, at least, has obtained a national fame as the great millionaire of the Pacific coast, was born in Westmoreland county, Penn. He married Mrs. Sarah Whitaker, and came to Jefferson county in 1802, and settled in Wells township, where he lived, and died 1809. He reared a family of four sons: James, William, Smiley and John. These four sons were all born in Westmoreland county, Penn., and came with their parents to Jefferson county while young. Of these four sons, James, the oldest, was born in 1790, and married Miss Martha Eaton about 1815. They reared a family of four children, two sons and two daughters. William, the second son, and the father of Senator Sharon, was born in 1793. He married Miss Susan Kirk about 1815. They reared a family of seven children, four sons and three daughters: John, Mary Ann, Sarah, William, who is now senator from Nevada; Susan, Lewis and Smiley. John, the oldest of the foregoing was born about 1816. He .studied medicine and commenced its practice in Woodsfield, Ohio, where, in October, 1841, he married Miss Minerva Headly. After remaining in Woodsfield 'about a year, he removed to Carrollton, Green Co., Ill., where he followed his profession until his death, which occurred September 2, 1860. He reared a family of six children, four sons and two daughters. Mary Ann was born about 1818. In 1863 she married Dr. Jacob Hammond, of Steubenville, where she now resides. Sarah was born about 180; resides in California, and never married. William, the millionaire senator of Nevada, was born in Smithfield, in 1821. The house in which he was born is near the southern terminus of Main street, and is now owned and occupied by William A. Judkins. He went to college a few years, then studied law and er Edwin M. Stanton, and practiced for a while in St. Louis, JEFFERSON COUNTY, OHIO - 321 Mo. Giving up the practice on account of poor health, he figured as a merchant in Carrollton, Ill., until the discovery of gold in California. He was among those who crossed the plains in 1849, and in August of that year reached Sacramento, where he purchased a stock of goods and opened a store. During an eventful life on the Pacific slope that was spent in various financial enterprises, some of which have a national importance, he succeeded in accumulating a fortune of many million dollars. He was very clear headed, and had a thorough understanding of financial questions, was a shrewd business man, and of large capabilities in all the walks of life. In 1874, he was elected United States senator from Nevada for six years t0 take the place of Mr. Steward. Since then his history has become familiar to all, and his death a few years ago was publicly mourned. Susan was b0rn in 1825, and married Isaac N. Davis. They reared a family of six children, two sons and four daughters. Mr. Davis is now a retired merchant and lives in San Juan, California. Lewis was born in 1822. He married Miss Sarah McKim, in 1855. They have one child, a son now attending college. For a while Lewis followed merchandising in in Smithfield, then removed to Meigs county, Ohio, where he followed the same business for a while, but finally engaged in farming, which he still follows. Smiley, the youngest of this family, was born February 14, 1827, and was married October 26, 1848, to Miss Sarah Ann Hurford. They have reared a family of five children, four sons and one daughter: Clarence, William, Ella S., Frank E. and Frederick H. William E. and Ella S. are married, the other two remain at home. Smiley Sharon resides one mile south of Mt. Pleasant, on one of the most beautiful farms in the country, and besides the natural beauty of situation, he has applied all the means that art could devise to add to its natural beauty. Mr. Sharon is largely engaged in the raising of fine stock, especially fine sheep. William Sharon, father of the foregoing family, died April 24, 1875, in his eighty-third year, and is buried in the old Seceder, now Presbyterian, cemetery, at Mt. Pleasant. Smiley Sharon, the third of the four sons that originally came to Jefferson county, was born in June, 1795, was married in June, 187, to Miss Martha Kithcart. They reared a family of eight children, five sons and three daughters. These children are all married but one son and one daughter. Mr. Sharon died October, 16, 1876. Mrs. Sharon resides in Mt. Pleasant. John Sharon, the fourth and last son, was born September 23, 1798; was married February 23, 1832, to Miss Helen Hall. They raised a family of nine children, three sons and six daughters. He died October 23, 1870, and is buried in the Ceceder cemetery at Mt. Pleasant. Mrs. Sharon resides on a beautiful farm a mile and a half south of the town, surrounded with every comfort that life could desire. Thomas A. Sharp, a prominent liveryman and undertaker, of Steubenville, was born in Washington county, Penn., May 14, 1829. His parents, John F. and Narcissa (Atkinson) Sharp, were born, the former in Washington county, Penn., February 29, 1801, and the latter in Brooke county, W. Va., in about 1806. His father was the son 21-B. 322 - HISTORY OF THE UPPER OHIO VALLEY. of John and Mary (Freeman) Sharp, the former a native of Maryland and the latter a native of Pennsylvania. John Sharp was one of the early settlers of Washington county, Penn. He raised a large family of children in that county, only one of whom now survives. The mother of our subject was the daughter of Thomas Atkinson, a native of Brooke county, W. Va. She was the first wife of John F. Sharp, and had seven children, of whom three sons and two daughters are now living. She died about 1848, after which the father married Maria Price, of Perry county, Ohio, who bore to him three daughters, who, with their mother, survive. John F. Sharp was a farmer by occupation, and was one of the most extensive freeholders of Washington county, Penn., owning at the time of his death B00 acres in that county, besides 400 in Owen county, Ind. He died in December, 1887. The subject of this sketch was reared on the farm, and on reaching maturity, he adopted the vocation of a farmer, and he was so occupied until 1886. He was married May 3, 1855, to Olivia Walker, who was born in Washington county, Penn., March 22, 1830, daughter of James and Elizabeth (Graham) Walker. The Walker family was one of the oldest of Washington county. In 1872 Mr. Sharp removed to Hancock county, W. Va., and in November, 1886, he located in Steubenville, where he has since resided. Since December, 1887, he has owned and c0nducted the City Livery barn, which is the largest establishment of the kind in the city. In connection with it he is also carrying on on extensive undertaking business. Mr. and Mrs. Sharp have six children: Laura, James W., Joseph G., Alexander E., George V. and Lizzie L. The parents and two daughters are members of the First Presbyterian church of Steubenville. In politics Mr. Sharp is a republican. He is an upright man, and as a citizen, he stands very high. Benjamin M. Sharp, a pioneer liveryman of Steubenville, Ohio, was born in Fayette county, Penn., July 15, 1821. He was the son of Levi and Elizabeth (Freeman) Sharp, both of whom were natives of Sussex county, N. J. His father was the son of Henry and Mary (Morgan) Sharp, the latter of whom was a sister of General Daniel Morgan. His mother was the daughter of Edmund Freeman. All his grandparents were natives of New Jersey. The Sharp and Morgan families originally came from Scotland, and the Freeman family from Germany. The father and mother of subject were married in Fayette county, Penn., in about 1810. They had a family of seven children, of whom four were older than the subject of this sketch. Three of the seven were sons. All are now dead except the subject of this sketch. He had a twin brother, whose name was Daniel Morgan Sharp, who died in April, 1881. The mother of Mr. Sharp died in April, 1831, and his father died in 1834. Both died in Brown county, Ohio, whither they removed from Fayette county, Penn., in the spring of 1824. After his mother died our subject and his twin brother went to live with their uncle, John Sharp, of Washington county, Penn. He remained with him until he was in his fifteenth year. December 2, 1835, he came to Steubenville, Ohio, and here he served an apprenticeship JEFFERSON COUNTY, OHIO - 323 of five years and one month at the tailor's trade. After his trade was finished he engaged in a tailoring business for himself, and conducted a business of that kind in Steubenville until January 7, 1850. He then engaged in the livery business, and he has followed it ever since, being at the present time not only the oldest, but one of the leading livery men in Steubenville. For the past three years he has also been engaged in the undertaking business. Mr. Sharp was married July 15, 1841, to Eliza O'Neal, who died July 9, 1849, leaving four children: Frances E., Morgan H., Emma and Eliza, of whom the latter two are dead. January 7, 1852, Mr. Sharp was married to Nancy D. McCracken, who is still living and who has borne to him seven children, two of whom died in infancy. The other five are: Nancy, John, Benjamin L., Mary and Jennie, of whom John died aged about one year. In politics Mr. Sharp is a devoted member of the republican party. He has served as sheriff of Jefferson county two terms, having been elected in the fall of 1881, and re-elected in the fall of 1883. Mr. Sharp has an extensive acquaintance, and there is probably not a man in Jefferson county that is more widely or more favorably known. William L. Sharp, a very prominent business man and citizen of Steubenville, Ohio, was born in county Cavan, Ireland, March 21, 1811. He was the son of James and Christiana (Linton) Sharp. When he was ten years old he accompanied his father to America. His mother remained in Ireland, it being his father's intention to return for her, but about six months after he came to America his wife fell sick and died, and in consequence the father never returned to his native land. The father, on reaching this country, located in Philadelphia, Penn., where he died about two years later, and where the subject of this sketch remained until he was twenty-one years of age. There he learned the tinner's trade, and there he was married in 1830, to Isabelle McFadden. In 1832 Mr. Sharp removed to Cadiz, Ohio, but a few months later he removed to West Middleton, Penn., where he engaged in the manufacture of tin and copper goods. Between two and three years later he returned to Cadiz, Ohio, where he continued the manufacture of tin and copper goods until 1845. For five or six years before leaving Cadiz he also was the owner of a foundry which he started himself. In 1845 he l0cated in Steubenville, Ohio, where he has resided ever since. Here he continued the manufacture of tin and copper ware, and he has kept it up ever since. After locating in Steubenville he. began to handle stoves and hardware furnishing goods, at which he has continued ever since. In about 1847 he started a foundry in Steubenville, and a few years later he took as a partner in it George Craig, who continued with him about three years. After that he continued alone until about 1874, when he took as his partner his son, George E. Sharp, and the firm under the style of W. L. Sharp & Son, still continues. Their present foundry is a very large establishment in which are employed a large number of men. Mr. Sharp and wife had six children, as follows: The first was a daughter who died unnamed. The others are James M., Samuel M., John H., Chrissinda, George E. James M. died 324 - HISTORY OF THE UPPER OHIO VALLEY. aged five years and five months; Samuel M. became a minister in the Presbyterian church, and was sent as a missionary to South America, where he died at the age of twenty-six. John H. is also a minister of the Presbyterian church, and is now pastor of the West Park Presbyterian church of Philadelphia, Penn. The daughter, Chrissinda, is now the wife of Rev. Dr. Frank F. Bunting, a Presbyterian minister of Nashville, Tenn. The wife of Mr. Sharp died November 21, 1883. Mr. Sharp has been a member of the Presbyterian church over forty years. In politics he is a republican. John E. Sheal, an honored and influential business man of Steubenville, Ohio, and one of the owners of the large milling establishment, operated under the name of Raney, Sheal & Co., was born in Liverpool, England, August 19, 1836. He was the son of James and Mary Ann (Erwin) Sheal, both of whom were natives of county Down, Ireland, of Scotch-Irish descent. His father was born in about the year 1786, and his mother, who was the daughter of Robert Erwin, was born in about the year 1798. The father of our subject, during his earlier manhood, was a sea captain, and while acting in that capacity he made various trips over the waters of the oceans, and was the owner, at different times, of a number of vessels. He was the owner of the "Mountaineer," and was on that vessel when she was wrecked off the coast of Ireland, an interesting painting of which wreck is now in possession of the subject of this sketch. He also, at one time, owned the " British Heroine," which, up to that date, was the largest vessel that ever sailed in the waters of the English channel. He finally disposed of his last ship, and in about 1837, when our subject was yet an infant child, he came to America unaccompanied by his family, and after a brief stop in Pittsburgh, he purchased and located upon a tract of land about four miles from New Castle, Penn. At that time it was in Beaver county, but it is now Lawrence county. After he had gotten fully located, he sent for his wife and seven children, who arrived safely in this country in the following year and were met by the husband and father in Pittsburgh, and the family, re-united, at once sought the home near New Castle. From that time until his death the father led the life of a farmer. Both he and wife spent the remainder of their lives on the above farm, his death occurring in 1867, and hers in 1876. In this connection it may be said that the old home place near New Castle is still in possession of members 0f the family. John E. Sheal, whose name precedes this history, spent his boyhood at the old homestead. At eleven years of age he entered an academy at New Castle, which he attended until he was about eighteen. At twenty-one years of age he went to Minnesota and spent one summer at Minneapolis and St. Anthony. Returning home in the fall he spent the winter with his parents, and in the following spring, which was that of 1858, he returned to St. Anthony, from which place in the following July he went to Winnipeg, British America. There he remained giving his attention to the fur business, until 1865, making one visit to his parents in 1863. In 1865 he returned home, and shortly after he engaged in a wholesale and retail grocery business in New JEFFERSON COUNTY, OHIO - 325 Castle, Penn. He was married there, March 7, 1867, to Miss Lois Raney, daughter of James and Sarah (Parks) Raney, former residents of New Castle. In 1868 Mr. Sheal removed to Steubenville, Ohio, having previously arranged with his father-in-law and brother-in-law to build a flouring mill at that place. The mill was completed in 1869, and with each of the three partners owning a one-third interest, it was set in motion under the firm name of Raney, Sheal & Co. It has continued under that name ever since, a period of twenty-one years, and has done a very large business, no milling firm in the upper Ohio valley having a more honorable reputation. Mr. and Mrs. Sheal have had a family of five children. Their names are: James R., Mary L., Robert E., Sarah and Leander, all of whom are living except Sarah, who died in infancy. Mr. Sheal is a member of the Masonic lodge, and in politics he has always been an ardent republican. With the exception of serving as postmaster of Pembina, Dakota, about one year, during his northwestern residence, he has avoided political services entirely, and has devoted his undivided attention to his business pursuits. Mr. Sheal is a man of easy manner and kind disposition, and as a business man his standing is of the best. Robert Sherrard, Jr., lawyer and banker, of Steubenville, is of Scotch-Irish ancestry, from whom he acquires those distinctive qualities of that race, energy and perseverance. His father, Robert A. Sherrard, though of humble station in life, was of high repute among those with whom his life was spent. He and his wife, Mary Kithcart, were natives of Fayette county, Penn., whence they removed to Jefferson county, Ohio, in 1805. Here Robert Sherrard was born June 9, 1824. He, as he grew up, assisted his father on the farm, and had those educational advantages characteristic of the country; until his father moved near Steubenville, when he was able to attend the private academy, of John W. Scott, In 1845 he entered the law office of Masson & Moody, and after three years' reading he was admitted to the bar October 4, 1848, by the supreme court sitting at New Lisbon. He at once engaged in the practice of the law. In 1850 he was appointed United States marshal f0r the seventh district of Ohio. In the same year he became associated in the practice with Judge John H. Miller, a partnership which continued until 1863. In 1861, on motion of Hon. T. D. Lincoln, of Cincinnati, he was admitted to practice in the supreme court of the United States; and in the same year was elected by the republicans to represent his senatorial district in the legislature, running ahead of his ticket. He served efficiently, being chairman of both the penitentiary and railroad committees and member of the common school committee. A renomination was tendered him but he declined on account of his increasing business. During the period of his practice of the law, which terminated in 1863, Mr. Sherrard held important relations to the public. In 1850 congress passed the bill granting land-warrants to all citizens who had been in the military service of 1812. Mr. Sherrard, having anticipated the passage of the bill, was one of the first attorneys to visit Washington as a representative of a large number of claimants under the act, 326 - HISTORY OF THE UPPER OHIO VALLEY. and the location of lands in West Virginia became a specialty of his practice, and led to large holdings, on his own part, of western lands. When in 1855 a supplemental bill was passed equalizing the apportionment of lands, without regard to service, Mr. Sherrard's services were again brought into requisition, and the warrants being made assignable by the latter bill, opportunity was afforded for their purchase. During the same period of his life, Mr. Sherrard took a prominent part in the management of Washington college, having been appointed in 1853, and continued in office until 1865, by the synod of Wheeling, as a member of the board 0f control of that institution, of which he acted as treasurer. In 1864, Rev. Dr. Charles C. Beatty proposed an endowment fund of $50,000 to Washington and Jefferson colleges, as an inducement for their union, and this being accomplished, Mr. Sherrard was named by the act of the Pennsylvania legislature establishing a board of trustees for the institution as one of that body, as which he has since continued to act. During the years of the civil war Mr. Sherrard rendered most valuable service to the government, though on account of heart trouble he was not received in active service. He devoted himself in relieving sick and wounded soldiers and their families, and was the agent of the state and county for the payment of bounties, disbursing in this position over $150,000. By appointment of Secretary Chase he took subscriptions to the government loan known as seven-thirty bonds, and, after himself making the first subscription in the county, of $2,000, received subscriptions in the total sum of $200,000. On October 9, 1862, he was appointed by Governor Todd, drafting commissioner for the county, under the call for 300,000 men, the duties of which position he faithfully discharged. In 1864, when the confederate, Gen. John Morgan, made his rade from southern Ohio, through the interior, Gen. Brooks, in command of the division, commissioned Mr. Sherrard to take charge of two regiments sent from Pittsburgh to intercept Morgan, who was heading for West Virginia. One regiment he stationed at the mouth of Rush run, the other at Portland, and Morgan learning of this through his scouts, changed his route from Georgetown, at the headwaters of Short creek, so as to carry him through Smithfield and New .Alexandria, in the direction of Cross creek. Mr. Sherrard consolidated the two regiments, at this movement, at the mouth of Short creek, forcing Morgan to abandon his intention of crossing the Ohio there, and move on to the north end of the county, where on a Sunday morning he was surrounded and captured, with 700 men and many horses, etc. Morgan was sent to Camp Chase, and thence to the penitentiary, and the horses were brought to Evansville and placed in charge of Mr. Sherrard, with the other booty the raider had captured in his movement. These Mr. Sherrard issued to the owners, on proof of title, and in this way returned over 700 horses, leaving only three unclaimed, which he turned over to the department. In 1863 Mr. Sherrard embarked in banking, in which he has had a conspicuous and honorable career. He purchased the Mechanics' savings bank, of Steubenville, which he operated as a private bank until JEFFERSON COUNTY, OHIO - 327 October, 1865, when it was converted into a national bank, as which it was continued until October 1, 1868. It then became a private bank, and is now carried on as the commercial bank of Sherrard, Mooney & Co. In 1870 he went to New York, and became the president of the American Nati0nal bank, and executive officer of the New York transfer company. The latter afforded transportation facilities to and from the various depots of New York and Brooklyn, and during Mr. Sherrard's connection with it, carried the mails in the two cities. The company employed 400 men and 600 horses and wagons. Col. George W. McCook, of Steubenville, having died in December, 1877, Mr. Sherrard was obliged to return to take charge of business interests in which they had been united, but he still retains his connection with the American national bank. In addition to his connection with Washington and Jefferson college, Mr. Sherrard has aided in the cause of education as member for seventeen years of the Steubenville board of education. He is president of the Steubenville coal & mining company, and the Steubenville gas company, sand is treasurer of the cemetery association. In 1878 he traveled in Europe and the Holy Land, and on his return lectured upon his experiences. In 1881 he again visited Europe. Mr. Sherrard was married in early manhood to Sarah A. Salmon, by whom he had three children, one of whom died in infancy. The survivors are Col. Henry C. Sherrard, now serving his second term on the staff of Gov. Foraker, and Emma V., wife of Henry C. Elliott, of New York. Mr. Sherrard's second marriage was to Kitty, daughter of Dr. Johnson, of Steubenville, on December 13, 1881. By this union he has had three children: Thomas J., Robert S., and Mary C., of whom the second is deceased. William F. Simeral, the present auditor of Jefferson county, Ohio, and who has held that office, in all, for seventeen years, was born near Bloomfield, Wayne township, of the county in which he resides, October 7, 1822. He was the son of Archibald and Mary (Ferguson) Simeral, the former of whom was born in Westmoreland county, Penn., in April, 1797, and the latter was born in the same township in which our subject was born, July 6, 1803. His father was the son of Alexander and Martha (McGrew) Simeral, who were natives of eastern Pennsylvania, but located in Westmoreland county shortly after the close of the Revolutionary war, the former being a soldier in that war. In 180 they removed from Westmoreland county, Penn., to Jefferson county, Ohio, and settled near what is known as Long's Meeting House, in Cross Creek township, where both spent the rest of their lives, the former dying in 1823, and the latter in 1825. By occupation the former was a farmer. Archibald Simeral, the father of our subject, was a lad thirteen years of age when his parents located in Jefferson county, and during all the rest of his life he continued to reside within its boundaries. He was a blacksmith by trade, but from the year 1833 until the time of his death, he gave his attention to farming, and to the purchase and sale of live stock. He was married January 1, 1822, to Mary Ferguson, who was the daughter of William and Margaret 328 - HISTORY OF THE UPPER OHIO VALLEY. (Carroll) Ferguson, who were born, reared and married, in Pennsylvania, but emigrated to Jefferson county, Ohio, and located on a section of land in Wayne township, in 1802. The land which Mr. Ferguson had entered from the government, was one vast wilderness. There both spent the rest of their lives, the latter dying in August, 1869, and the former in February, 1874. Archibald Simeral died on the old homestead near Bloomfield, May 13, 1844. His wife survived him until January 5, 1884, after having lived nearly eighty-one years and after having lived a widow nearly forty years. The subject of this sketch is of English and Irish descent, his paternal ancestors originally having come from England, and his maternal ancestors from Ireland. He was reared to manhood on the old home farm near Bloomfield, and at twenty-one years of age he became a teacher in the district schools, and from 1844 until 1852, he was engaged in that capacity in Wayne township. He entered upon the duties of teacher with only a common school education. In 1848, he entered upon a course of private instruction under Dr. John Carter, his wife's uncle, and f0r three years he devoted his attention to the study of the higher branches of mathematics. In 1852 he discontinued teaching, and for four years following this he was employed on the civil engineering corps of the Steubenville & Indiana railway, now the Pittsburgh, Cincinnati & St. Louis railway, which road was located and constructed during that time. In 1856 he was elected to the office of county surveyor and served three years. Upon the expiration of his term of office in 1859, he accepted a position as deputy county auditor, and served as such from March, 1859, until March, 1863. In the meantime, in October, 1862, he was elected county auditor, and entered upon his duties as such the first Monday in March, 1863. He held the office continuously by four re-elections, until the second Monday in November, 1873, a period of ten years and eight months. After this, by reason of impaired health, he lead a retired life for about three years. From 1875 to 1878, he was engaged in general grocery and produce business in Steubenville. In 1879 he was employed by the county commissioners to construct a set of land and town-lot plats of Jefferson county, for the use of the real estate assessors for the year 1880. This occupied a little more than a year. From November, 1880, until October, 1882, he served as deputy county auditor. Upon the death of the auditor in the latter date, Mr. Simeral was appointed to fill the unexpired term of one year. In the fall of 1883, he was again elected to the office and he was re-elected in the fall of 1886. In September, 1887, he entered upon his present term, which will expire in September, 1890. Mr. Simeral was married December 30, 1847, to Nancy Davis, who was born in Knox county, Ohio, April 19, 1826, being the daughter of John and Ann (Carter) Davis, who were natives of Virginia. Mr. Simeral and wife have had a family of seven children, all of whom are living and grown. Their names are: Luella M., John A., James M., William S., George E., Jessie F. and Eva C. Mr. and Mrs. Simeral are members of the Presbyterian church. The former has been a member of the Masonic lodge since 1851, and he has been a JEFFERSON COUNTY, OHIO - 329 Knight Templar since January 28, 1867. In politics he was formerly a whig, casting his first presidential vote for Henry Clay in 1844. Since 1856 he has been a devoted member of the republican party. From his long experience in public office he has become known to nearly every man in the county, and his record, both as an official and as a private citizen, has been most honorable and well worthy of emulation. A notable coincidence in the family history of Mr. Simeral is that both he and his father had seven children, and in each case the family was composed of four boys and three girls, all of whom lived to maturity. David Spaulding, a prominent and honored citizen of Steubenville, Ohio, was born in the village of Sandwich, Barnstable Co., Mass., March 29, 1810. He was the son of David and Betsey (Chase) Spaulding, the former of whom was a native of Littleton, Vt., and the latter was a native of the village of Dennis, Cape Cod, Mass., both of English descent. He is descended from Edward Spaulding, who emigrated to America along with some of the earliest Massachusetts colonists. The father of our subject was born in 1768, and wds the son of Isaac and Susannah (Lawrence) Spaulding. His father and mother both died in Plymouth county, Mass. By occupation his father was a ship carpenter. Our subject was reared to manhood in the village of Wareham, in Plymouth Co., Mass., in the public schools of which he received his early education. At the early age of thirteen he entered upon the pursuit which proved to be the chief occupation of his life. Starting at that age as an apprentice in a nail factory, he continued to be thus employed in Plymouth county until 1832. In that year he came westward to Pittsburgh, Penn., in which place and vicinity he resided until 1854. During his residence there he was employed at his trade, with the exception of five years, during which he conducted a country store near Pittsburgh. In 1854 he removed to Wheeling, W. Va., where he became one of the proprietors of the La Belle Iron Works, operated under the name of Bailey, Woodward & Co. A few years later this firm purchased the Jefferson Iron Works, of Steubenville, Ohio, and for the purpose of managing this latter plant, Mr. Spaulding removed from Wheeling to Steubenville in 1859, and has resided here ever since. The plant here was operated under the name of Spaulding, Woodward & Co., for a great many years, until finally a corporation was formed and chartered under the name of the Jefferson Iron Works, and it has been operated under this name ever since. Later on Mr. Spaulding exchanged his interests in the La Belle Iron Works for stock in the Jefferson Iron Works, but finally in 1884, he disposed of his entire interest in the latter, and shortly after he became one of the incorporators of the Spaulding Iron Works, of Brilliant, Jefferson county, and he has been president of that institution ever since. [He also served as president of the Jefferson Iron Works from the time it was chartered until 1884.] Mr. Spaulding was married March 17, 1836, to Elizabeth Wallace, daughter of John and Elizabeth (Kent) Wallace. Mrs. Spaulding was a native of western New York, born August 25, 1812. She bore 330 - HISTORY OF THE UPPER OHIO VALLEY. to her husband a family of nine children, as follows: The first was an infant that died unnamed. The others are, David, James, Charles H., John W., Ellen F., Emma J., Eoline and Hannah, of whom Charles H., Ellen F., Emma J., Eoline and Hannah are living. The wife of Mr. Spaulding died August 12, 1879. Mr. Spaulding, from his long residence and extensive business relations, possesses a wide acquaintance throughout the upper Ohio valley, and wherever he is known he commands universal respect and esteem. He is a man of easy manner and a kind and courteous disposition, and in both social and business circles he stands very high. He is a republican in politics. Dr. James W. Stewart, a prominent physician of Steubenville, was born in Washington county, Penn., November 12, 1826, son 0f William D. and Martha Ann (Mateer) Stewart. The father was born in the same house which was the birth place of his son, in October, 1796. By occupation he was a farmer. He was accidentally killed by falling from a veranda while asleep, October 5, 1877. The mother was born in Maryland and was seven years younger than her husband, to whom she b0re eight children, of whom four are now living. She died September 1, 1854. When Dr. Stewart was eleven years of age his parents removed to Hancock county, W. Va., where he remained with them on a farm until he was fifteen. At that age he bade his parents good-bye, and ever since then he has been entirely on his own resources. He first returned to Pennsylvania, and for three years was a student in the public schools of Washington. In the fall of 1844 he began teaching as a temporary pursuit, opening his first term of school on November 1st, a few days before his eighteenth birthday. In the fall of 1849 he entered Washington and Jefferson college, which he attended two terms, alternating his attendance with teaching to procure the necessary means. In the meantime, he entered upon the study of medicine under the preceptorship of Dr. David S. Dorsey, of Steubenville. During the winters of 1850-1 and 1851-2 he attended the Jefferson medical college, of Philadelphia, graduating March 2, 1852. The means necessary to take him through the medical college were procured by teaching during vacations, and he also taught six months after graduating, at Calumet, Jefferson connty. In the fall of 1852 he located in Phillipsburg, Beaver county, Penn., and tvrned his entire attention to the practice of medicine. There he remained fifteen months, as the partner of Dr. Emil Acker. He then located at Toronto, where he was engaged in active practice for eighteen years. In April, 1871, he removed to Steubenville, where he has been engaged in his profession ever since. Dr. Stewart was married April 8, 1851, to Marguerite Parks, who died January 2, 1881, leaving four children: Harlan W., Robert F., Leonora A. and Ella V., of whom Robert has since died. He was a graduate of the Cleveland medical college and for two years had been in practice with his father. February 14, 1883, Dr. Stewart was married to Mrs. Mary H. McMillan, who died April 18, 1885. The doctor is a member of the United Presbyterian church. In politics he is an ardent republican. Dr. Stewart has enjoyed an extensive practice, which has enabled him JEFFERSON COUNTY, OHIO - 331 to become the owner of extensive property interests, and to enjoy a large income. For a great many years he has been a member of the Ohio State Medical society. Harlan W. Stewart, a well-known druggist of Steubenville, was born in Hancock county, W. Va., August 21, 1853. He is the eldest child and only living son of Dr. J. W. Stewart of Steubenville, a history of whom appears above. His early life was chiefly spent in Elliottsville and Toronto, where, in the public schools he received his early education. When he was about seventeen years of age his parents removed to Steubenville, which has been his home ever since. In the meantime he had begun to prepare himself for the duties of steamboat pilot. He was licensed as such at the age of twenty-one, and he subsequently was engaged for three years on the Ohio river between Pittsburgh and Louisville. After his first year as a pilot, he entered J. S. Foster's drug store of Steubenville, and remained as a clerk three years. He then spent two years as a pilot, after which he re-entered Mr. Foster's store, and continued there five years more. On June 1, 1884, he engaged in the drug trade for himself, and has since successfully prosecuted that business. Mr. Stewart was married May 7, 1885, to Myrtie E., the second daughter of E. E. Campbell of Steubenville. They have one child, Marguerite W., who was born August 26, 1888. Mr. Stewart is a member of the K. of P. lodge, and in politics is a republican. Rev. 0. V. Stewart, pastor of the First Presbyterian church of Steubenville, was born near Mercer, Mercer Co., Penn., February 17, 1854. He is the son of Vance and Eliza M. (Sherrard) Stewart. His father, a native of the same county, born May 15, 1818, was a man of considerable business and commercial importance, and is still a resident of Mercer county, living at present in Greenville, Penn. His wife, to whom he was married November 2, 1842, was born in Fanisburg, Penn., July 30, 1818, the daughter of Joseph Sherrard, who was a native of county Antrim, Ireland. These parents had five children, of whom 0. V. was the fourth, and of whom four are now living. The early life of Rev. Mr. Stewart was chiefly spent at Greenville, in the schools of which he prepared for college. In his preparatory work he also attended the Jamestown seminary of Mercer county, two terms, and Tuscarora academy of Juniata county, one term. In the fall of 1871 he entered Princeton college, in which he completed the- freshman year. His brother having been appointed professor of Greek in Westminster college, he then entered that institution, and in it completed a full classical course, graduating in the honor list in 1874. During the year following this he taught he taught the Morning Sun academy of Preble county, Ohio. In the fall of 1875 he entered the Western Theological seminary, of Allegheny City, which he attended three years, graduating in 1878. He was licensed to preach by the Presbytery of Erie, at Fairview, Penn., September 7, 1877, and immediately after graduation he was called to the churches of Hadley and Atlantic. On May 10, 1879, he was ordained as pastor by the Presbytery of Erie, in the church of Atlantic. He served those churches from his 332 - HISTORY OF THE UPPER OHIO VALLEY. home at Greenville for about two years and a half. October , 1881, he received a call from the Presbyterian church of Greenville, which he accepted, and of that church he was pastor six years. He received a call from the First Presbyterian church of Steubenville, March 21, 1887, he accepted, and was installed as pastor on June 22, following. Rev. Stewart was married September 22, 1881, to Eliza H., daughter of Mrs. Mary Bentley, of Youngstown, Ohio. They have two children: Robert Bentley, born July 0, 1882, and James Wilbur, born October 22, 1883. Rev. Stewart is an earnest and successful worker in the cause of Christianity, and he possesses a ministerial ability of a very high order. John W. Stafford, furniture dealer of Steubenville, was born in that city, June 4, 1857. He was the son of Nathan and Rebecca (Griffith) Stafford, the former of whom died March 31, 1884, and the latter of whom is still living, her home being in Steubenville. She was born October 31, 1816, in Brooke county, W. Va. The father of our subject was born in Island Creek township, Jefferson county, Ohio. He was the son of Thomas and Margaret Stafford. The mother of our subject was the daughter of Alexander and Nancy A. (Black) Griffith, the former of whom was born near Delaware Island, but before he was a month old his parents emigrated to Brooke county, W. Va., and located upon a farm and there Alexander resided all the rest of his life, a period of ninety years, lacking two months. The parents of our subject were married June 6, 1834. They had eight children, of whom six are living. The mother of our subject is now seventy- three years old. She has fifteen grandchildren and fourteen great- grandchildren. In early life the subject of this sketch entered the employ of George Pearce, and for him and the firm of Pearce Bros. he worked at the trade of an upholsterer and varnisher twelve years. In 1886, he engaged in the upholstering and furniture business for himself, and he is now the proprietor of an establishment of that kind. He is a member of the Presbyterian church, and the Senior Order of American Mechanics. He is a republican in politics. Hon. Edwin M. Stanton, who first saw the light of day in what was then a two-story brick building on the west side of Third street, a short distance below Washington, December 19, 1814. Mr. Stanton's ancestors, who were Quakers, migrated from Rhode Island to North Carolina, about the middle of the last century. His grandparents, Benjamin and Abigail- Stanton, resided near Beaufort, the maiden name of the latter being Macy. She was a descendant of Thomas Macy, who was said to be the earliest white settler of Nantucket, and whose flight as a result of giving shelter to a pursued Quaker was made the subject of a fine poem by John G. Whittier. In 1800 Mrs. Stanton and a large family of children came to Ohio, and David Stanton, the father of Edwin M., became a physician of standing and influence. His mother's maiden name was.. Lucy Norman, a native of Culpepper county, Va. Edwin, at the age of thirteen, became a clerk in the book store of James Turnbull, and after remaining here about three years went to Kenyon college in 1831. He left college JEFFERSON COUNTY, OHIO - 333 in 1833, and after spending a short time in a Columbus book store returned to Steubenville and began the study of law in the office of his guardian, Daniel L. Collier. At the age of twenty-one or shortly after (1836), he was admitted to the bar, and opened an office in Cadiz, Harrison county, where he was shortly after elected prosecuting attorney. He built up a large practice, and having in the meantime returned to Steubenville, he was elected by the general assembly of the state, reporter of the decisions of the supreme court, which office he held from 1842 to 1845, publishing volumes 11, 12 and 13 of the Ohio State Rep0rts. Mr. Stanton was a democrat in politics, in his early days, and had already at this date become a prominent figure in the councils of his party. His reputation was already extended and in 1845 he successfully defended Caleb J. McNulty, clerk of the house of representatives, tried in the criminal court at Washingt0n for embezzlement. In 1847 he removed to Pittsburgh, forming a partnership with Hon. Charles Shaler, but kept an office in Steubenville for nine years thereafter. His first Steubenville ,partner was Judge Tappan, and his second Col. Geo. W. McCook. The case of the State of Pennsylvania against the Wheeling & Belmont bridge company, in which he was counsel for the state of Pennsylvania, before the United States Supreme Court, attracted such general attention as to greatly increase his business before that court, so in 1856 he moved to Washington, D. C., in order to better attend to it. In 1858 he went to California, as counsel for the government in some important land cases, and was also attorney in quite a number of intricate patent cases. In 1859 he was associate counsel in the trial of Daniel E. Sickles for the murder of Philip Barton Key. He met Mr. Lincoln the same year while engaged before the United States circuit court at Cincinnati, in a suit growing out of a conflict between the Manney and McCormick reaping machine interests, and in December, 1860, while engaged in the same case he was nominated to the office of attorney general by James Buchanan. Signs of troublesome times were already apparent, but Mr. Stanton's position was firmly taken on the side of national honor, and the preservation of the government of the Union. He retired from the cabinet with the close of Mr. Buchanan's administration and resumed the practice of his profession, but in January, 1862, he was appointed by Mr. Lincoln to the office of secretary of war. Here he was in a position, where his genius and almost boundless energy had full play. His efforts were indefatigable, he used little time for rest, never seemed weary, and many of the most important movements of the great struggle was made under his directions. To his untiring energy, keen intellect and profound sagacity is due in no small degree the result of the conflict. He enjoyed the most cordial personal friendship of President Lincoln to the time of the latter's assassination in 1865, and upon Andrew Johnson's accession to the presidency, was requested to continue in charge of the war department. He differed with the president, however, in regard to the reconstruction acts, the bill admitting Colorado as a state, the bill giving 334 - HISTORY OF THE UPPER OHIO VALLEY. suffrage without regard to color in the District of Columbia, and the Civil Rights and Freedmen's Bureau bills, supporting the position of the republican party, it having a majority in congress. Matters at length reached such a pass that on the 5th of August, 1867, Mr. Johnson requested his resignation on the ground of " public considerations of a high character," to which Mr. Stanton replied that " public considerations of a high character which alone had induced him to remain at the head of this department constrained him not to resign before the next meeting of congress." He could not be removed under the tenure of office act, but on August 12th the president issued an order for his suspension, and he obeyed it under protest, Gen. Grant being appointed secretary of war ad interim. The senate refused to sustain the president in the removal of Mr. Stanton, and on January 13, 1868, reinstated him in his office. Mr. Johnson renewed the conflict by appointing Gen. Lorenzo Thomas, secretary of war ad interim, but Mr. Stanton held the fort and refused to vacate, staying in his office day and night. The proceedings in impeachment followed, and on the failure to impeach the president, on May 26th, Mr. Stanton resigned. The senate in confirming his successor adopted a resolution that Mr. Stanton was not legally rem0ved, but relinquished his office, and, subsequently congress passed him a vote of thanks for the great ability, purity and fidelity with which he had discharged his duties. These entire proceedings from their beginning to their close were watched with the most intense interest all over the country, as much so as any of the operations of the war. Although Mr. Stanton's constitution was broken down by the tremendous strain which his efforts during the war had imposed on it, yet his circumstances compelled him to renew the practice of his profession, very good evidence that he had not become rich while holding public office. His last visit to Steubenville was in the fall of 1868, when he addressed a large public meeting on September 25th of that year in favor of Gen. Grant for the presidency. On December 20, 1869, he was nominated by President Grant as associate justice of the supreme court of the United States and was immediately confirmed by the senate, but he was never to take his seat, dying on December 24th, after a brief illness from dropsy, before his commission was made out. Thus passed away one of the greatest men the country has ever possessed. Of his ability, integrity, energy and inflexibility of resolution none doubted, and if at times he seemed stern to those with whom he came in contact it must be remembered that those were times and scenes calling for sternness and resolution. His ear was always open to the tale of distress and hardship; his affection for his native place remained until the last, and many a private soldier, as his relatives especially from his own city can testify t0 his acts of kindness, bespoke a warm and sympathetic heart. Certainly among the people of Steubenville and Jefferson county the name of Edwin McMasters Stanton will always be held in honor. Dr. William Stanton, a distinguished and honored citizen of Steubenville, Ohio, is a native of county Tyrone, Ireland. He graduated JEFFERSON COUNTY, OHIO - 335 from the medical university of Edinburgh, Scotland, and in 1832 he emigrated to America. In 1834 he located at Steubenville, where he was also very lucrative, and it enabled him to accumulate much wealth which he is now permitted to enjoy, and to the management has resided ever since. There he at once began his profession, and for more than half a century he was actively and successfully engaged in the practice of medicine and surgery. His practice, being large, of which the greater part of his attention is now given. He has not only demonstrated superior skill as a physician but has also shown himself to possess much ability as a financier, being now one of the most Substantial men of Steubenville. He is a member of the Episcopal church, and, in politics, is a republican. He is also a member of the Masonic fraternity, in which he has attained the degree of Knight Templar. Dr. Stanton is one of Steubenville's worthiest and most distinguished citizens, and wherever he is known he commends universal respect and esteem. Hon. Benjamin Tappan was a leading man in public affairs, achieving a national reputation. Judge Tappan was born in Northampton, Mass., on May 25, 1773, and was admitted to the bar at Hartford, Conn., about the year 1798. In 1799 he came to Ohio and settled at Ravenna, being the first white settler in Portage county. In 1801 he married at Weathersfield, Conn., Miss Nancy, sister of Hon. John C. Wright, and with her came to Steubenville, in 1809. Here his abilities soon made him conspicuous, and he became judge of the court of common pleas in 1816, holding that office one term, his last official act in that capacity being at the last term in 1823. He was afterward appointed United States judge by President Jackson, but the senate failing to confirm the appointment, he held the place but a few months. In 1838 he was elected United States senator, receiving fifty-seven votes as a democrat to fifty for Thomas Ewing, whig, and one blank. This was on December 0, and the following year he took his seat, serving a term of six years, ending in 1845. After his return he resumed the practice of law, which he followed for several years, and taking into partnership with him Hon. Edwin M. Stanton, he finally turned over his business to him and retired. He died in April, 1857, full of years and honors. There are now two of his sons living, Dr. Benjamin Tappan of this city, and Prof. Eli Tappan, of Kenyon college, Gambier, Ohio. Judge Tappan published a volume containing a report of court decisions while he was on the bench, copies of which are now very scarce. George S. Thomas, a well-known grocer of Steubenville, was born in Mason county, Ky., February 0, 1833. His parents, Stephen and Susan (Sellers) Thomas, were natives of the same county. He is the youngest of four sons, the two eldest of whom died in early life. The other brother, Thurston, emigrated to Colusa county, Cal., in 1854, where he engaged in wheat growing. George S. was reared to the age of twenty-one in his native county, finding employment at farm work. He then went to Ripley, Ohio, and there worked a while at the carpenter's trade. After having remained there about one year, he went 336 - HISTORY OF THE UPPER OHIO VALLEY. to Cincinnati, but soon afterward emigrated to California, locating first at Placerville, in 1854. He remained in that state about eight years, in mining, and in employment connected with a hotel, and at work upon a steamboat. During the greater part of the time, he was in the lone valley. In the spring of 1862, he came to Steubenville, which he has made his permanent home. Here he was married, April 28, 1862, to Margaret Fugate, who was born and reared in the city. In the latter part of August, 1862, he enlisted in Company E, Fifty-second Ohio volunteer infantry, with which he served until May, 1865, when, in the battle of Averysboro, N. C., he was wounded in the right hand, and made unfit for duty. His regiment belonged to the army of the Cumberland, under Gen. Sherman. He was in the battles of Perryville, Rome, Resaca, Buzzard's Roost, Kenesaw Mountain, Peach Tree Creek, Atlanta, and he was on the march to the sea. He was mustered out of the service at Camp Denison, Ohio, in July, 1865. After the war, for nine months, he held the position of watchman at the Pan Handle bridge. For a period of thirteen years following this, he was the owner of an express line. In October, 1880, he engaged in his present business, to which he has since given his attention. He and wife are members of the Methodist Episcopal church. He is a member of the I. O. O. F., and the G. A. R., and in politics, is a devoted republican, having cast his first presidential vote for J0hn C. Fremont. Hon. John H. S. Trainer, a prominent member of the Steubenville bar, was born at Lancaster, Penn., January 22, 1826. He is of Irish parentage, both his father and mother having emigrated to this country, from Ireland, in 1818. The father was a manufacturer, but subsequently engaged in farming. Mr. Trainer received his first school training in the public schools of Lancaster. When he was ten years old his parents removed from that place to Jefferson c0unty, and located in Springfield township, where, during his youth, he attended a district school in winter and labored on his father's farm in summer. At seventeen years of age he entered an academy at New Hagerstown, Ohio, where he remained until the spring of 1845. He then took up the vocation of a teacher, and continued in that capacity until 1848, teaching first in a district school in Harrison county, and finally at Cadiz. In the meantime he had entered upon the study of law with Hon T. L. Jewett, and on the 7th day of April, 1848, he was admitted to the bar at Steubenville. He began the practice of his profession at Mount Gilead, Ohio, having formed a partnership with Judge Stewart, which, however, owing to the impaired state of his health, terminated at the end of six months. He them removed to Carrollton, where he formed a legal partnership with Judge Belden, of Canton, which continued from November, 1848, until June 10, 1850. Mr. Trainer then opened an office at Wellsville, Columbiana county, where he practiced alone until April 1, 1853. He then removed to Steubenville and formed a partnership with Hon. George W. Mason. At the expiration of nine months Mr. Mason retired, after which Mr. Trainer practiced alone until in May, 1862, he associated himself J. H. S. TRAINER JEFFERSON COUNTY, OHIO - 337 with Robert Martin, his law student, under the firm name of Trainer & Martin. In the following September Mr. Martin retired to enter the army, with the understanding that the partnership should be renewed when he returned. In April, 1863, Mr. Trainer became associated with J. F. Daton, who was subsequently elected prosecuting attorney, and the firm was dissolved. In April, 1865, his former associate, Mr. Martin, returned from the field, whereupon the partnership was renewed and the firm continued until in February, 1867, when Mr. Martin, having been elected probate judge, withdrew. For one year following this Mr. Trainer was the partner of Milton Taggart, and on November 1, 1868, he became associated with John McClave, a student with him. This partnership existed until November 1, 1873, after which John M. Cook became his partner. In 1878 Mr. Cook retired to take charge of the office of prosecuting attorney. H is next associate was James F. Bigger, who studied law with Mr. Trainer, was admitted to the bar in 1879, and at once became his partner, and so remained for four years. In 1884 he formed a partnership with his son, John W. Trainer, and the firm of Trainer & Son still exists. Politically Mr. Trainer has been a life-long democrat. While he has not been a politician, in every sense of the term, he has occupied a prominent place in his party's councils, and has been the recipient of many of its honors. He was elected prosecuting attorney of Jefferson county in the fall of 1853, and filled that position until the expiration of his term on January 1, 1856. In April, 1857, he was elected mayor of Steubenville, and served two years, declining a renomination. He was a candidate for county judge in October, 1858, and, though not elected, he succeeded in reducing an opposing majority from about 1,400 to 373. In April, 1859, he was elected city solicitor, and held the position two years, declining a renomination. In 1871 he was tendered the nomination for common pleas judge, but declined the same. In 1873 he was nominated for delegate to the constitutional convention of the state, but was defeated by 172 votes, although the county had, at the previous election, given 1,700 republican maj0rity. In 1875 his name was brought before the state convention in connection with the office of attorney general, but he declined being considered a candidate, although the nominati0n could easily have been obtained. In 1883 he yielded to the solicitation of his friends and accepted his party's nomination to the office of common pleas judge, and in the election which followed he was defeated by but 183 votes, though the general republican plurality in the county was about 1,600. Mr. Trainer was married October , 1849, to Ether A., daughter or Judge Morrison, of Carrollton, Ohio. Their children were six in number: Lora V., Mary C., Alma L., Arthur W., John W. and William M., of whom Arthur W. and Alma L. are deceased. Lora V. graduated at St. Vincent's Female seminary, Cincinnati; Mary C. graduated at College Hill, near Cincinnati; Alma L. graduated at the Wesleyan Female seminary, Cincinnati; John W. gradtaued from Cornell university, in June, 1880; studied law with his father; was admitted to the bar in 1884, and since then he has been a member of the law firm of Trainer & Son; William M. gradu- 22-B. 338 - HISTORY OF THE UPPER OHIO VALLEY. ated from Princeton college in June, 1883; has since spent two years in the Ohio state adjutant general's office, and is now a student at law, with his father. During all the years of his professional career Mr. Trainer has been very successful and has had a large and lucrative practice. He began with very limited means, yet, by indomitable perseverance and industry, has amassed a competence, and he now ranks as one of the best attorneys in the state. James Turnbull (deceased),. formerly one of Steubenville's most distinguished and honored citizens, was born in the city of Philadelphia, July , 1795. He was the son of Robert and Elizabeth (Lewis) Turnbull, the former of whom was a native of Scotland, and the latter of London, England. They were married at London in 1791 and in about 1794 they immigrated to America and located in Philadelphia, where Robert Turnbull lived until his death, which was caused by yellow fever in 1807. Shortly afterward his widow removed to Pittsburgh, Penn., where she was married to a Mr. Lewis, after whose death, caused by drowning, she removed to Steubenville, where her son James had already located, and spent the remainder of her life at his home. The subject of this sketch accompanied his mother from Philadelphia to Pittsburgh when he was about twelve years of age. In Pittsburgh he learned the trade of a book binder, serving his apprenticeship with Kramer, Speer & Eichbaum. He afterward served about six months in the war of 1812, and then spent one year at his trade in Baltimore. In 1816 he settled permanently at Steubenville. There he established a book bindery and book store to which his attention was given until 1852. He also, at one time, had a branch book store at Columbus, Ohio, and at another time had a branch store at St. Louis, Mo. When Mr. Turnbull located in Steubenville the town contained only about go0 inhabitants, and was included wholly by South street and North street. He possessed a limited capital, but with that indomitable energy which characterized his subsequent life, he succeeded in establishing one of the best known book houses west of Pittsburgh. Having only a bindery at first he soon increased it by beginning to publish books, his establishment probably being the first publishing house in Ohio. In connection with this he also conducted a book and stationery store. Mr. Turnbull was also one of the proprietors of a paper mill in Steubenville, conducted by the firm of Holdship, Hanna & Turnbull. In his book store Hon. Edwin M. Stanton began his career, as a clerk, and the celebrated artist, J. Wilson McDonald, held for a time the same position. During his business career Mr. Turnbull was eminently successful. No sooner had he located in Steubenville than he became prominently identified with every public movement, taking an active part in all political matters, and was, for years, one of the leaders of the democratic party. He was chosen county treasurer in 1831, and served one term, declining a re-election on account of his private business. Among other positions of honor and trust were two terms in the city council and five terms as a member of the school board. He was also, for years, a director of the old State bank and its successor, the Jefferson JEFFERSON COUNTY, OHIO - 339 National bank. He was very active in the organization of the old Steubenville & Indiana railway, and was one of its first directors. He was also a director of the old Farmers and Mechanics' bank, and during the whole of the earlier history of the city there was scarcely any enterprise in which he was not either directly or indirectly connected. He was an active member of the Presbyterian church, serving for many years as trustee, and at one time being elected elder. Mr. Turnbull was thrice married, his first wife being Caroline Galbraith, daughter of one of the earliest merchants of the city. His second wife was Sarah A. Todd, to whom he was married in January, 1834. She was the daughter of Col. Edward and Elizabeth (Scott) Todd, who located in Steubenville in 1809. The former died in 1844 and the latter in 1853. By his second wife, Mr. Turnbull became the father of four children: Howard, who died, aged four years; Elizabeth, wife of James F. Sarrat; Caroline, wife of John F. Oliver, and Martha Jane, who died in infancy. The mother of these children died in May, 1842. On September 28, 1843, Mr. Turnbull was married to Margaret Jane McDevitt, a native of Pittsburgh, Penn., 'born February I, 1809, the daughter of James and Jane (Liggett) McDevitt, with whom she came to Steubenville when she was two years old. Her parents were both natives of Ireland, but were married in this country, her mother having c0me to America in 1776, at sixteen years of age. Her father, a manufacturer of, and traveling dealer in, cotton and woolen goods, died in Buffalo, N.Y., while she was a small child. Her mother died in Steubenville, January 16, 1861. Mr. Turnbull died June 13, 1887, after having reached nearly ninety-two years. Notwithstanding his great age he was vigorous up to within a few days of his death, and attended to the management of all his affairs. He had been a resident of Steubenville seventy-one years, and was one of the oldest voters in eastern Ohio, He voted for James Monroe in 1816, and for seventeen of his successors. In 1840 he joined the whig party, and was a warm admirer of Henry Clay throughout his public career. Upon the organization of the republican party he identified himself with it, and he continued to be one of its devoted members until his death. He cast his ballot at thirty-seven gubernatorial elections in Ohio, and he saw his state grow from almost a territory to the third in the Union. During his lifetime nearly every industrial invention now in use was devised. He saw the tallow dip give way to the electric lamp. He could recall the wonder which Fulton's steamboat excited, and he saw the first steamboat which plied on the waters of the Ohio. During this long business career he amassed a large property, and was one of the extensive real estate owners of the city. His surviving wife, now eighty years of age, is one of the oldest residents of Steubenville, having lived there seventy-eight years. She still occupies the old Turnbull homestead on North Third street, where she is spending her declining years. She is a devoted member of the Presbyterian church. Dr. Philip A. Walker, a physician and citizen of high standing, of Steubenville, Ohio, was born in Tuscarawas county, Ohio, Novem- 340 - HISTORY OF THE UPPER OHIO VALLEY. ber 10,1826. He was the son of Thomas and Mary Ann (Cushman) Walker, both of whom were natives of the state of Maryland. His father was twice married, his mother being his father's second wife. In an early day his parents located in Tuscarawas county, Ohio, where both spent the remainder of their lives. His father, who led a life of a school teacher and farmer, died in 1854, and his wife survived him until 1879. The subject of this sketch was the third in a family of eight children, six of whom are still living. He was reared to manhood on a farm in his native county, and received his literary education in a district school. In 1849 he entered upon the study of medicine, under the preceptorship of Dr. G. D. Hamilton, of Knoxville, Jefferson county, Ohio, and continued with him about three years. He began practice with him after which, in the year 1855-56, he received his collegiate training in the Cleveland medical college. In the meantime, in 1854, he had located, for the practice of medicine, in Island Creek township, Jefferson county, Ohio. After receiving his collegiate education he resumed his practice there, and continued in the active practice of medicine and surgery in that vicinity until the spring of 1886. He also superintended the management of farming interests, having owned, during his residence there, three different farms. In the spring of 1880 he removed to the village of Toronto, Jefferson county, and the spring of 1883 he removed from that place to Steubenville, where he has since given his whole time to his profession. Dr. Walker was married in 1851, to Amanda E. Robertson, daughter of Andrew and Julia (Alexander) Robertson. Mrs. Walker was born in Island Creek township, Jefferson county, Ohio, in 1832. She has borne to her husband a family of nine children, as follows: Julia A., Leonidas H., Andrew A., James, William S., Thomas W., Emma B., Eva R. and Ernest, of whom Julia, Andrew and James are deceased. Thomas W. Walker is a physician by profession, having graduated from the medical department of the Western Reserve university of Cleveland, in the spring of 1889. While taking his last course of lectures, on November 6, 1888, he received an appointment as one of the house staff of St. Vincent's hospital, at Cleveland, and he is now house physician in that institution. Dr. Walker and wife are members of the Methodist Episcopal church. In politics the former is a republican. Dr. Walker is a successful physician, and he possesses a lucrative practice. He is an upright, worthy citizen, and his record is beyond reproach. W. S. Walker, a well-known young business man of Steubenville, was born in Island Creek township, Jefferson Co., Ohio, May 23, 1862. He is the son of Dr. P. A. Walker, whose history appears above. He was reared in his native township, attending a district school in winter, and laboring upon his father's farm in summer. Later in his youth he attended the high sthool in Steubenville three years, lacking but one term of graduating. After quitting school he clerked for two years in a grocery store, for his brother. He then, in 1881, engaged in the grocery business for himself at Jeddo, Jefferson county. In 1882 he removed to Steubenville, where he has since been success- JEFFERSON COUNTY, OHIO - 341 fully engaged in the grocery business, gaining a leading position as a retail grocer. He was married June 23, 1885, to Fannie T., daughter Henry A. Thompson, of Steubenville. They are the parents of one child, Marian, who was born March 15, 1888. Mr. and Mrs. Walker are members of the Methodist Protestant church. He is a member of the I. 0. 0. F. and the K. of P. In politics he is a republican. He is enterprising and successful in business, and in every respect his standing is of the best. Col. George P. Webster was the son of John Webster, and was born near Middletown, Butler Co., Ohio, December 24, 1824. He had a common school education, and went to Hamilton in 1841, there performing duties in the office of the clerk of court. He st died law with Thomas Millikin, and early in 1846 was admitted to the bar. He enlisted as a private in the Mexican war, but was pr0moted to sergeant major in the First Ohio infantry, serving with credit, and was wounded in the right shoulder at the storming of Monterey, September, 1846. The war over, he married Miss Mary McAdams, of Warrenton, Jefferson county, and a year later he removed to Steubenville. He became clerk of court in 1851, holding the office two terms, after which he became a partner in the law business with Martin Andrews. He was a democrat in politics, but at the outbreak of the rebellion took a most active part in raising troops, and soon after he was appointed major of the Twenty-fifth Ohio infantry. After service in West Virginia in May, 1862, he was promoted to lieutenant-colonel, and in the following July he was appointed colonel of the Ninety-eighth Ohio, which regiment was organized at Camp Steubenville, three miles below the city. He left Steubenville with his regiment August 23d, going to Lexington, Ky., and thence to Louisville. Here he was placed in command of the Thirty-fourth brigade, Jackson's division, McCook's corps. The battle of Perryville followed shortly after, in which he was mortally wounded, dying as a brave soldier on the field of battle. His son, John Mc A. Webster, is lieutenant in the United States army. Bezaleel Wells, who, together with James Ross, a prominent lawyer and ex-congressman, of Pittsburgh, Penn., formerly owned the land upon which the city of Steubenville is built, and who, together with Mr. Ross, laid out this city, was born in Baltimore county, Md., about the year 1769. He was the son of Alexander Wells, who, in the year 1773, removed from Baltimore county to that part of Augusta county Va., which has since been incorporated in Washington county, Penn. The house he erected there was the only frame house in Washington county, when the strip of land was transferred, and consequently, is the first frame residence erected within that county. He afterward removed to Wellsburgh, W. Va., where he died in 1813. By occupation he was a farmer and miller, and he also possessed a knowledge of civil engineering, having_ done much government surveying in both Maryland and Pennsylvania. His wife survived him one or two years, and died in Steubenville, at the home of her son, Bezaleel, whose name precedes this paragraph. The lat- 342 - HISTORY OF THE UPPER OHIO VALLEY. ter did not accompany his father westward in 1773, but tarried at the home of an uncle in Baltimore county until he was thirteen years old. He then joined his parents in their western home, and accompanied them to Wellsburg, which place was his home for many years. He was twice married, his first wife being Rebecca Reasteau, to whom he was married in Baltimore county, Md., and his second wife being Sarah Griffith, to whom he was married in Wellsburg, W. Va. He entered from the government the land upon which all that part of Steubenville is located south of North street, and much other land adjacent thereto. In 1797 he, in connection with Mr. Ross, laid out the town, the first sale of lots being made on the 25th day of August. Mr. Wells removed from Wellsburg to Steubenville in 1800, and from that year until 1830 he occupied the old Stokely residence, near the river, which house he had erected. He afterwards resided on High street two years, and in 1832 removed to the old Wells homestead on the hill west of the city, where he spent the remainder of his life. He purchased considerable land adjoining Steubenville, and at one time owned 1,100 acres in one tract. Bezaleel Wells laid out the town of Canton, Ohio, in 1804. It was he, who, in connection with William R. Dickinson, introduced the Merino sheep west of the Allegheny mountains. He was a member of the Episcopal church, and in politics was first a federalist, and later a whig. He was a member of the first constitutional convention of the state of Ohio in 1802. By his first wife he had two children, both of whom died in childhood. By his second wife he became the father of six sons and five daughters: Catharine W., Rebecca R., James R., Samuel O., Alexander, Bezaleel, Hezekiah G., Francis A., Ann C., Sarah G. and Mary, of whom the only survivor is Francis A. Wells. The mother died in January, 1839, and the father survived her until August 11, 1846. Francis A. Wells, above named, was born in the Stokely homestead, near Steubenville, September 4, 1813, and in that city his life has been spent with the exception of four years in Kalamazoo county, Mich. His occupation has been that of a woolen manufacturer and gardener. He was married May 10, 1840, to Jane C. Boggs, who bore to him five children: Sarah G., John B., Bezaleel, Agnes L. and Frank C., of whom Bezaleel died, aged nine years. Mrs. Wells died March 31, 1882. He occupies the Wells homestead, where he is spending his declining years in quiet. He is a member of the Episcopal church, and in politics a republican. Barnard Winterringer, an old and respected citizen of Steubenville, was born in that place March 23, 1811, son of Nathanial and Jane (Handlin) Winterringer. His father came to Steubenville fr0m Maryland about 1797. He was a boat builder by trade, and for a number of years was engaged in shipping produce from points on the upper Ohio to New Orleans. His death 0ccurred in July, 1854. His wife, Jane Winterringer, was born in Ireland, and, when six years old came to America with her parents, John and Margery Handlin, both natives of Ireland. Barnard Winterringer is one of a family of thirteen children, all of whom are dead except himself. He received his education JEFFERSON COUNTY, OHIO - 343 in Steubenville, and subsequently went into business with his father in shipping produce to New Orleans, and made several trips down the river to New Orleans, while so engaged. He continued thus for a number of years, and then began business on his own responsibility, by establishing two lines of ferries across the Ohio river, at Steubenville, which he managed for a period of twenty-two years. He was married October 0, 1844, to Marriette, daughter of J0hn and Massey O'Neal. She came to Steubenville with her parents from Loudon county, Va., about 1828. Her father was engaged in farming. To this union were born three children, two of whom died unnamed, and the youngest, Helennia V., died December 2, 1882, aged thirty-four years. The mother soon followed her daughter, December 17, 1885. Mr. Winterringer continued in the ferry business until 1861; since then he has lived a retired life. He is one of the oldest residents of Steubenville, and has many warm friends. He has never taken any active part in politics, but cast his first vote for Andrew Jackson, and has voted the democratic ticket ever since. George B. Winters, a prominent boot and shoe dealer of Steubenville, was born in Smithfield, Jefferson county, Ohio, October 26, 1836. He was the son of Isaiah and Jane (Beatty) Winters, the latter of whom died when he was but four months old, and the former of whom died when our subject was four years old. After his father died he went to live with an uncle in Wintersville, Jefferson county, and with him he spent his boyhood and youth. In 1861 he accompanied his uncle to Steubenville, and here he clerked for him in a b0ot and shoe store until 1874, with the exception of f0ur months in 1864, during which he served in the Union army, being a member of Conpany C, One Hundred and Fifty-seventh Ohio volunteer infantry. In 1874 he engaged in the boot and shoe business for himself, and has given it his entire attention ever since, being at the present time one of the leading boot and shoe dealers of Steubenville. Mr. Winters was married in August, 1874, to Adda M. Reynolds, daughter of Jacob R. and Catharine (Stitts) Reynolds, of Steubenville. Mr. and Mrs. Winters are the parents of an only daughter, Katie B., who is now aged thirteen. Mr. Winters is a member of the G. A. R., and in politics is a republican. He is a good business man and a first-class citizen. Nathaniel D. Wright, a prosperous retail grocer of Steubenville, was born in Washington county, Penn., December 1, 1835, the son of Jacob and Margaret (Davis) Wright. The father was born in Washington county, Penn., February 18, 1806, and was the son of Samuel and Sarah (Criss) Wright, both of whom were natives of Pennsylvania, and the former of whom died at the age of seventy-eight, and the latter died at the age of seventy-three. Margaret Davis was born in Hancock county, W. Va., February 2, 18, the daughter of Nathaniel and Sarah (Graham) Davis, both natives of Pennsylvania, the latter of Fayette county, that state. Her father died at the age of forty-two, but the mother reached the extreme age of ninety-four. The father of our subject is a hearty and well-preserved man, not- 344 - HISTORY OF THE UPPER OHIO VALLEY. withstanding he is now in the eighty-fourth year of his age, and with his wife, lives in Brooke county. When Nathaniel D. was but two years old his parents removed from his native county to his present residence, where he lived until early manhood on a farm. For about five years he was successfully engaged in the patent right business, but sickness finally compelled him to give it up. On March 7, 1859, he located in Steubenville, where he has ever since been engaged in the grocery business. He has enjoyed a good patronage and there is probably not a retail grocer in the city that is doing a more extensive or profitable business. Mr. Wright was married September 19, 1864, to Margaret E. Starr, who was born in Belm0nt county, Ohio, April 4, 1845. She is the only child born to Thomas and Margaret (Albaugh) Starr. Her father was born in Huntingdon county, Penn., August 7, 1822. Her mother was born in Winchester, Md., February 19, 1826, and died when Mrs. Wright was but eight days old. In 1849 her father emigrated to California, where he still resides. She remained with friends, being reared and educated at Steubenville. At the early age of fifteen she became a teacher and continued in that profession until the time of her marriage. Mr. and Mrs. Wright have two children. The elder, William T., was born July 19, 1866, and was married May 7, 1887, to Nettie Browning, by whom he has one child, Mildred. The younger, Edna, born March 15, 1875, is a student in the Steubenville female seminary. Mr. Wright and wife and daughter Edna, are members of the -Methodist Protestant church. He is a member of Jefferson lodge, No. 6, I. O. O. F., and in politics is a republican. He has served as a member of the city council, from the sixth ward, four years. Socially, Mr. Wright and his amiable wife are popular, and they have a wide circle of devoted friends. Thomas B. Wright, grocer of Steubenville, was born in Brooke county, W. Va., August 10,1839, the son of Jacob and Margaret (Davis) Wright. His parents, who were respectively natives of Washington county, Penn., and Brooke county, W. Va., had a family of eleven children, of whom he was the fourth, of whom six were sons, and of whom eight are now living. His father and mother are both living, their home being in Brooke county. He was raised to manhood 0n the old home farm, and he then served three months in the Union army, being a member of Company G, First West Virginia volunteer infantry. Returning home, for a short time he was engaged at saw-milling. In 1864 he went to Chicago where, for five years, he was employed as a street car conductor. Returning home again he remained on the farm about two years, after which, in October, 1871, he located in Steubenville, where he has ever since been engaged in the grocery business. He has been very successful, and he now possesses a large patronage. He was married. May 7, 1875, to Cynthia Jane, daughter of Benjamin and Sarah A. (Barlow) Ford. Her father, a native of England, came to America at about sixteen years of age, and her mother was born in the state of New York. Her mother 1s deceased, but her father is living in Steubenville. Mr. and Mrs. Wright are JEFFERSON COUNTY, OHIO - 345 members of the Methodist Episcopal church. He is a member of the Knights of Pythias, and in politics is an ardent republican. He is an obliging and acc0modating business man, and a citizen respected and esteemed by all. Doctor William R. Zink, freight agent of the Cleveland & Pittsburgh railroad at Steubenville, was born near Amsterdam, Jefferson Co., Ohio, May 31, 1834. His father, James H. Zink, was born in Columbus, Ohio, April 6, 1812, the son of Henry Zink, whose father was a native of Germany. James H. Zink was twice married. By his first wife, Elizabeth Shearrer, he had six children, 0f whom William R. was the oldest. Three, two sons and one daughter, are now living. When Dr. Zink was about a year old his parents removed to Steubenville, but five years later they removed to Smithfield, where the mother died in May, 1866, where the father has resided ever since, and where the doctor spent his boyhood and youth. He received his early education in the village school. At twenty-one years of age he went to Bloomington, Ill., where, for one year, he was employed in a wholesale grocery establishment. He then entered a wholesale and retail drug establishment of that place and remained about a year and a half, when the serious illness of his m0ther caused him to return home. During the winter of 1862-3, he was employed in a drug store in Steubenville. In the spring of 1863, he engaged in the drug business for himself, and from that time until the summer of 1877, he was one of the leading retail druggists of Steubenville. About the time he engaged in the drug trade he began the study of medicine, and during his career as a druggist, he paid more or less attention to the subject, his preceptor being the late Dr. J. C. Mairs. For a year and a half after retiring from business, Mr. Zink and Dr. Mairs were engaged in the practice of medicine, using the electro-thermal form of treatment. In March, 1878, he entered the employ of the Cleveland & Pittsburgh railway, as assistant freight agent, and on March 1, 1886, he was promoted freight agent. Mr. Zink was married June 8, 1871, to Mrs. Jane E. Shane, the widow of Col. James M. Shane, who was killed in the battle of Perrysville, and daughter of Rev. Dr. Zachariah Ragan, who served as chaplain during the war of the rebellion and died about 1877, aged seventy-two years. Mr. and Mrs. Zink have an adopted s0n, J. F. Flood, superintendent of the electrical department of the Steubenville gas and electric light company. Mr. and Mrs. Zink are members of the First Presbyterian church. He is a charter member of the Royal Arcanum, and in politics is a republican.