350 - HISTORY OF JEFFERSON COUNTY


interment. Mrs. MacDonald is still living. While confining themselves to the larger cities, Mr. MacDonald's companies appeared at three performances in Steubenville, giving a matinee and evening rendition of grand opera, and subsequently in concert for the benefit of the Stanton Monument Association.


Miss Brosi, even while attending the local schools, developed a fine soprano voice, which encouraged her uncle, J. C. Butte, to give her a musical education. After completing her studies she remained abroad several years singing in grand opera in Germany, Russia and other countries. She traveled with Strakosch and other companies in America until ill health compelled her retirement from the stage. She also kindly took a leading part in numerous local entertainments.


Henry Moody was a local musician whose favorite instrument was the key-bugle, which had extraordinary sweetness of tone when played by a skilful performer. He began playing in public about 1845, and died before 1860. Among the other musicians of half a century ago may be included the names of Dr. A. W. Semple, Mr. Broadhurst, Mrs. Reppard, Mrs. I. N. T. Morse, Miss Mary Chase (still living), John D. Slack, Miss Sarah Marion, Joseph Zimmerman, Captain S. F. Scull, who was also a composer, and others who would have done credit to any community.


Of the younger musicians in the instrumental line, Henry W. Matlack has probably taken the lead. He developed a remarkable talent as an organist and took a thorough course at Oberlin Conservatory. He had excellent positions in several of the larger cities and for several years was musical director at Grinnell College, Iowa. He is now connected with the firm of Lyon & Healy, one of the largest musical establishments and pipe organ manufactories in the country. Space prevents even an enumeration of the present local musicians who are worthily keeping up the traditions of their predecessors.


The artistic work of the Filsons, father and son, is related elsewhere.


Among others who have achieved a musical reputation, both in Europe and America, is Miss Ella Russell, a native of Island Creek Township.


As teachers and educators the men of Jefferson County took no second place. The work of Rev. Dr. C. C. Beatty, founder of the Steubenville Seminary, is more fully noticed elsewhere. Alexander Clark, whose Little Log Schoolhouse and other .works have a national reputation, came from Brush Creek Township. Mary Edmonson, the mother of Anna Dickenson, taught school in the Short Creek meeting house in 1826. Dr. Henry C. McCook, the noted Philadelphia divine and scientist, was at one time a teacher in the Steubenville schools, and his brothers, Rev. Dr. John McCook, professor of languages in Trinity College, and whose books on Sociology are standard works, and Gen. Anson G. McCook, late secretary of the United States senate, were pupils in the Steubenville schools. The Latimers, by Dr. H. H. McCook, is probably the best romance of the early history of this section ever produced, while his little work, Old Farm Fairies, is a delightful epitome of insect habits in this locality, perhaps a little more popular with the young folks than his more elaborate works. Professor Sloane, of Columbia College, author of the standard Life of Napoleon; is a son of J. R. W. Sloane, presi, dent of Richmond College in 1848. Prof. Woodrow Wilson, of Princeton, and the author of a history of the United States, is the grandson of James Wilson, the editor of The Steubenville Herald for many years.

Prof. Eli Tappan, who was reckoned as one of the most thorough teachers in the country, a profound scholar, with the faculty of imparting his knowledge to others, was a. native of Steubenville, the son of Senator Tappan, whose grandchildren now teach in the Steubenville schools, while one was a professor in an eastern college. Rev.


AND REPRESENTATIVE CITIZENS - 351


Mr. Huston, a Presbyterian minister of Jefferson County, is a grandson of Senator Tappan, and he also has Stanton blood in his veins, being a grandson of Stanton's sister. Prof. Eli Tappan was president of Kenyon College for a number of years, during which time he also edited the Ray series of arithmetical and algebraical text books. He was State Commissioner of Common Schools from 1887 to 1889, dying in the latter year, and his remains were brought here for interment. His daughter, Mary Tappan Wright, of Cambridge, Mass., has achieved marked success in the literary world by her books, besides being a regular contributor to St. Nicholas and other magazines. Miss Della Patterson, the first graduate of the Steubenville high school, and Miss Margaret Sutherland, another graduate of the same, have taken high positions as educators.


Bishop Stephen Mason Merrill was born in Mt. Pleasant, September 16, 1825, and became a traveling preacher in the M. E. church in 1864 and Bishop in 1872. Bishop Merrill is probably known in a larger circle of Methodists than any other bishop. His earliest recollections are of his days as a barefooted youngster, hunting squirrels over the hills about Mt. Pleasant. He could run faster than any boy he knew and could jump higher than any one in the whole country. There was very little money in the family purse and it was necessary for him early in his teens to turn in and add his small earnings to those of the other members of the family. He had learned the trade of a shoemaker and worked on the bench with his book propped in front of him in a homemade rack, combining business with education and struggling to earn enough in spare moments to pay his way through school. His book on ecclesiastical law is the code in the Methodist church. Rev. Bascum, whose eloquence afterwards became national, was a pioneer Steubenville preacher in the M. E. church, who went East, and when that church divided into northern and southern sections he went with the latter, and was made a bishop.


A marked product of the early country school was William Johnston, who was educated in the Ross Township schools, and studied law in .John C. Wright's office in Steubenville. He is said to have started the first temperance society in the county on Bacon Ridge in 1833, the members signing a very strict pledge. He became prosecuting attorney of Carroll County, and represented that county in the legislature in 1837. He had come to the front as an advocate of the proposition for Ohio to adopt the Pennsylvania and New York common school system, and was at last given opportunity to draft the law providing for the common school system, practically the same as that now existing with later amendments found by experience to be necessary. It was in support of the common school law that he made one of the most notable oratorical efforts ever made in Ohio, not only in its immediate. influence that resulted in the passage of the bill, but in its lasting influence. After describing the difficulties encountered by himself in obtaining the rudiments of an education in the days of Henry Crabbs and Thomas Riley, he insisted that the boys and girls should have a better chance than he had had on the banks of "taller Crick," as he pronounced the name of the stream in imitation of the boys reared in the wilds of Ohio. "The old Irish school master," he said, "holds forth three months in the year in a poor cabin, with greased-paper window panes. The children trudge three miles through winter's snow and mud to school. They begin at a-b, ab, and get over as far as b-oo-b-y, booby, when school gives out and they take up their spring work on the farm. The next winter, when school takes up, if it takes up so soon again, having forgotten all they had been taught previously in the speller, they begin again at a-b, ab, but year after year never get any farther than b-oo-b-y, booby."


Judge Burnet, of Cincinnati, at the time,


352 - HISTORY OF JEFFERSON COUNTY


said it was the most powerful speech on education ever made in Ohio. Samuel Medary, in The Statesman, gave him the name of "Booby" Johnston in a disrespectful spirit, but the name stuck and became a title of which his friends were ever proud. From this time forward Johnston's great ability was recognized and appreciated. He removed to Cincinnati, and his oratorical efforts in behalf of General Harrison in his presidential campaign procured for him appointment as surveyor general of the district composed of Ohio and Michigan and Indiana. He afterwards became judge of the Superior Court of Cincinnati, and was appointed by President Lincoln a member of the commission to revise the statutes of the United States. He ranked with Corwin as an orator, and probably was his superior as .a lawyer. After four years' service on the bench he was a candidate for United States senator in the triangular contest that resulted in the election of Benjamin Wade. In 1850 lie was the Whig candidate for governor, but the fates were against him although he made a hard struggle as he declared, "to save his party from the wreck then pending." Judge Johnston was the author of another law (suite as important and far reaching as that in regard to education. Being in Steubenville at the time of the Wells & Dickenson failure he discovered the honest founder of Steubenville imprisoned for debt. The injustice of the proceeding so affected him that he then resolved that should he ever become a member of the legislature he would secure the repeal of the law. He kept his word and imprisonment for debt in Ohio, when unaccompanied by fraud was abolished. While a boy on Yellow Creek he developed mechanical genius in the manufacture of spinning wheels, and at his home in Cincinnati his recreation was taken in a workshop fitted with all sorts of mechanical tools, which he could handle with the skill of a master. His brother, Michael, was also a mechanical genius, and when he lived in Steubenville he kept a drug store and manufactured clocks, the clock long in use in the Steubenville National Bank having been made by him. Judge Johnston's mechanical skill was of great advantage to him in his practice as a patent attorney. He was long associated with Tom Corwin, the two successfully defending Governor Bebb, indicted on the charge of murder, he having shot a man, who with others, was engaged in charivari at the governor's house on the occasion of the home-coming of his son, Michael, and bride, from New England in May, 1857. Johnston's efforts in this noted case gave him wide prominence. He was also associated with Reverdy Johnson in a Revolutionary War claim against the United States government they winning in the legal contest, received a fee of $100,000. In 1887 Judge Johnston published Arguments to Courts and Juries, an 8vo. of 543 pages,. consisting principally of his own arguments made in many important cases, adding greatly to his reputation as a legist. In early life William Johnston wedded Elizabeth, daughter of William Blackstone, a prominent Friend of Smithfield Township, two sons and two daughters resulting from the union the sons are dead, the daughters living. His last visit to Steubenville was in 1876 when he made an address in the then Garrett hall in advocacy of the election of Mr. Hayes to the presidency.


Mr. Hunter in his Pathfinders notes that Jefferson County has done more, perhaps, than any other county in Ohio for the advancement of the public school system. Aside from the efforts of William Johnston, Mordecai Bartley performed a great service, in that he was the first person to propose in congress conversion of the Section Sixteen lands into a permanent fund for support of the common schools, and by his influence secured passage of law to this end. Mordecai Bartley, thirteenth governor of Ohio, was born in Fayette County, Pennsylvania, in 1783, and in 1809 settled near Mingo. He was adjutant of the Jefferson County regiment in the War of 1812, and afterwards settled in Rich-


AND REPRESENTATIVE CITIZENS - 353


land County. He served four terms in congress during which he procured this important piece of school legislation.


While we are on the topic of education and poetry it may not be amiss to mention the venerable William A. Urquhart, now in his eighty-seventh year, who has perhaps superintended the education of more youth and written more poetry than any other man in the county. His productions would fill a large volume, but we only have space for a single specimen as showing that his work does not suffer by comparison with his contemporaries :


How soon the scenes about us change

We knew so well!

Just why the fields and woods look strange

'Twere hard to tell.

For memory holds the pictures dear

She made in youth;

Yet, when we see how things appear,

We doubt their truth.


Those Virginia hills we oftimes saw,

In days gone by,

And which inspired our hearts with awe,

Seem not so high!

The noisy stream, the babbling brook

We scarce recall,

For when compared with memory 's book

They seem too small.


The river, too, whose waters deep,

In silence glide,

Is far less grand, the banks less steep

On either side!

But fancy doubtless helped to create

Each sketch we prize;

The change, perhaps, is not so great,

As with our eyes.


For Time 's deft fingers touch so light,

We feel no harm;

He thus impairs our sense of sight

Without alarm;

But not a single touch is lost,

Though gently made,

And we, like flowers exposed to frost,

Begin to fade.


Another local poet popular for his, wit and aptness is David Hanley, of the Pan Handle-Railway force. Among others who might be named have been Mary Bynon Reese, Alice May Long, Mary Tappan Wright, all of whom have attained to more than a local reputation. David Homer Bates, writer of Lincoln in the Telegraph Office, was a native of Steubenville, and Andrew Carnegie spent some of his youthful days here.


Among the more recent literary productions of the county is an epic poem by Dr, E. R. Giesey, of Toronto, reciting the deeds and career of Michael Myers, to whom reference is made elsewhere. It is after the style of Hiawatha and compares not unfavorably with that poem in composition and historical interest. It is entitled Stalwart Auver, Myers having received this sobriquet from a stoppage in his speech. We have only space for the first and last cantos :


"Should you ask me whence these stories?

Whence these legends and traditions?"

With their rythm and running metre,

With their tone of phonic Nature,

With their air of noble gentry

As from book on lore of olden?

" I should answer, I should tell you,"

From the homes of the contented,

From the wigwams of the happy,

From the land of Terra-Cotta,

From the banks of the Ohio,

Where the warble of the songsters

Cheers the gladsome hours of waking,

And the bull-frog, the chug-chug-him,

Mid the milky fog of evening,

Keeps the hours with song prolifie,

In the land of the Torontos.


* * * * * * * *


Gone forever is our hero,

Gone that faithful wife and mother;

Side by side the two lie sleeping,

'Heath the maples of their choosing;

But their names and fame still living

In the hearts of all our people,

Is a source of pride and pleasure

To our willing admiration.

Gone forever is the cabin,

And the lovely old stone homestead,

Leaving naught but fame and honor

And the famous "Limber Jinny,"

Which the only son now living

Keeps with pride and values highly

As an heirloom from his father.


Senator Fowler, of Tennessee, is another native of Jefferson County who has achieved distinction in the halls of congress and elsewhere.


While we have been discussing literati and educators it may be as well to glance at one or two "Captains of Industry," who have made their mark. First among these stands William Sharon, who was born at Smithfield in 1821 in the house later occu-


354 - HISTORY OF JEFFERSON COUNTY


pied by William A. Judkin. When a boy of seventeen lie started down the river in a flatboat which was wrecked at the falls of the Ohio, when he returned and studied law under Edwin M. Stanton. He practiced for awhile in St. Louis, and in 1849 crossed the plains to California, where he opened a store in Sacramento. His goods were carried away by a flood, and he went to San Francisco and opened a real estate office. By 1864 he had accumulated a fortune of $150,000, and began speculating in mining stocks, which left him in the same condition financially as when his boat struck the falls at Louisville. He was now sent by the Bank of California to Virginia City, Nev., to look after its affairs there and realizing that this was a place to make money, urged the bank to open a branch there, which was done and lie was placed at its head. Having acquired a profitable business in a few years he resigned, leaving his friend A. J. Ralston to look after the business while he attended to his own affairs. Ralston, who was also from this part of the country, afterwards became involved and was understood to have drowned himself, but Sharon paid all his liabilities. Mr. Sharon undertook the construction of the Truckee railroad into the mining country, said to have been the crookedest road in the country up to that time. He secured a subsidy of $500,000 from the people of Wa shoe with which he built the road as far as this would go and then mortgaged the whole line for enough to insure its completion. Of course he expected the earnings of the road to take care of the mortgage, and thus he became the owner of a railroad without it costing him anything. He afterwards sold one-half of it. It was worth $2,500,000, and during Bonanza times brought him in $42,000 per day. His business capacity mid facilities as the head of the Bank of California enabled him to develop the mining industries of Nevada that was advantageous to the country and profitable to himself, so that at one time his wealth was estimated at seventy to eighty millions. He made large property investments in San Francisco, building the Palace Hotel, at that time one of the finest in the country. He was elected United States senator from Nevada in 1874, and afterwards visited his sister Mary, the wife of Dr. Jacob Hammond, who then resided on upper Market Street, Steubenville, in the house now occupied by Mrs. E. L. Hammond. Senator Sharon's home was in San Francisco and his country home at Belmont, a few miles out. The estate is now managed by John Kirkpatrick, also of this section, who studied law and was admitted to the bar in Steubenville, subsequently marrying Senator Sharon's daughter.


George D. Cook, a native of Richmond, has attained eminence as a New York financier. J. Nessley McCullough, for many years president of the C. & P. Railroad and one of the leaders of the Pennsylvania system, was born at the mouth of Yellow Creek in Saline Township, and there received his early training.


Maurice S. Hague, a native of Richmond, but for a number of years a resident of Columbus, has won enviable fame as a landscape artist. A recent exhibition of his paintings at Columbus created quite a sensation one entitled "The Awakening," representing the dawn of a new day, with the mysterious awakening of the flowers of the field, the foliage of the trees, the dew tipped grass, the mists of the morning disappearing in a cloud-like figure in shadowy outline at the first roseate glow on earth and sea, suggests the awakening from the silence of the night in poetic colorings.


Henry Crew, a native of Richmond and graduate of Princeton in 1881, accepted a position at Johns Hopkins University in Baltimore, from whence he was called to the chair of physics in the Northwestern University at Evanston, Ill. He has written a book on The Principles of Mechanics for students of physics and engineering, which has become a standard. He has also contributed articles to the leading scientific publications of the country, betraying extensive research.


FILSON & SON'S CENTENNIAL GROUP OF DECEASED CITIZENS

OF STEUBENVILLE AND VICINITY


1 Abrahams, Mrs E

2 Abbott, Rev A

3 Abrahams, Jame S

4 Adams, Mrs Henry

5 Alban, George

6 Alban, Mrs George

7 Alban, Mrs George Jr

8 Alban, Samuel

9 Albaugh. Wm

10 Alexander, Miss Ella

11 Alexander, Miss Anna

12 Allen. Chas N

13 Allen, M C

14 Allen, Mrs M C

15 Aldridge. Rod G

16 Aldridge, Mrs Rod G

17 Aldridge. Mrs Chas

18 Allison. Reason

19 Allison, Sirs Wm R

20 Andrews, Dr John

21 Anderon, Peter

22 Anderson, Wm C

23 Andrews, Rev J K

24 Armstrong. John

25 Armstrong. Thomas A

26 Archer, Wm

27 Archdeacon, Richard Sr

28 Archdeacon, Richard Jr

29 Arter, Mrs Alonzo

30 Atkinson, Wm

31 Anderson, Mrs Lewis

32 Atkinson, Ephraim

33 Atkinson, Mrs Ephriam

34 Atkinson, Mrs Amelia

35 Ault, Jacob

36 Ault. Mrs M C

37 Ault, Michael

38 Aughenbaugh, James


39 Batchelor, Cant C W

40 Baffin, Mrs Asa H

41 Baffin, Asa H

42 Bates. Sirs Belle

43 Blair. James

45 Baltzell. Lewis

46 Bair. William

47 Barr, Jas A

48 Barr, John G

49 Barr. John Sr

50 Barr. John

51 Barr. Sirs Loraine

52 Barr, Mrs John G

53 Barrett. William

54 Barrett. Sirs Wm

55 Barren. James

56 Baxter, Wm B

57 Baxter, Mrs Wm E

58 Barclay, John M

59 Beatty. Rev C C

60 Beatty, Sirs Hetty E

61 Beatty. Col Ercurious

62 Beatty, Wm H

63 Beatty, Joseph

64 Beatty, Geo V

65 Beatty, George

66 Beatty, Alexander J

67 Benz, John

68 Beans, Charles

69 Beans, Jas S

70 Beal, Alexander

71 Beebout, Sirs NV H

73 Bell. Joseph

74 Benner. P K

75 Bickerstaff, Augustine Sr

16 Bickerstaff. Augustine Jr

77 Bickerstaft, Alex

78 Biglow, Rev Father

79 Bigger. Mrs Sarah

80 Bites, John Sr

81 Biles. Sirs John Sr

82 Blackburn, Sirs Anthony

83 Blackburn. Sirs Thos

81 Blackburn. Mrs Geo W

85 Blair. James Sr

86 Bier. Mrs James Sr

87 Black. H S

88 Borland, Louden

99 Borland, King

90 Borland. Lewis

91 Boles, James

92 Bond, Wm

93 Bond, Sirs Wm

94 Bonner, Mrs ('has

95 Borden, Sirs Amos

96 Bosley, Mary

97 Bosley, Sallie

93 Rougher. Mrs Polly Ann

99 Borden. Wm

100 Rougher, Mrs Jas

101 Boyd, Sirs Barbara

102 Boyer. John

103 Boyer, Sirs John

104 Brashears. Rebecca

105 Brashears, Thos

106 Bracken, Gee B

107 Brashears. Mrs Thomas

108 Bradley, Dr T W

109 Brady. John

110 Brandenburg, Wm

111 Briceland. James

112 Briceland. Mrs James

113 Brindley, Rev A E

114 Breed, Rev W P

115 Bristor, John H

116 Brownlee. Walter

117 Brown. Heber

118 Browning, Lewis

119 Brown, Mrs Samuel

120 Brown, Mrs Diana

121 Brown, I W

122 Brown, Mrs J W

123 Brown, Mrs Bertha

124 Buchanan, Rev Gee

125 Buchanan, Sirs Rev Geo

126 Buchanan, James

127 Buchanan, Mrs Wm

128 Burchard, David

129 Burchard. Ephraim

130 Burchard, Sirs David

131 Bullock. Mrs Robert

132 Bullock, Maggie

133 Buchan, David

134 Burns, Thos

135 Burns, Mrs Thos

136 Burris. Sirs Jennie

137 Burris, Sirs John

138 Burke, Sirs \V H

139 Butterworth, Wm


140 Cable. Ephraim

141 Cable, Isaac

142 Cable, David

143 Cable. Dr NV W

144 Cahill. Mrs Polly

145 Callaghan, Sirs E J

146 Caldwell, Sirs \Vm Henry

146 1/2 Cassell, Sirs Joseph

147 Campbell. Rev David R

148 Campbell, Sirs James

149 Campbell, Wm T

150 Campbell, Frank

151 Campbell, T J

152 Cameron, Walter

153 Comeron, Sirs Joseph D

154 Cameron, David

155 Cameron. Mrs David

155 1/2 Cassell. John

156 Chambers. Rev Joseph H

157 Chambers. James

158 Chapman, Sirs John

159 Chase, Bishop Philander

160 Chase, Sirs Philander

161 Chambers. David

161 1/2 Carnahan. Thomas

162 Clifton, Theodore

163 Clifton. Sirs Theodore

164 Clancy, Dr C W

165 Cochran, Isadore

166 Comingo, Rev H G

167 Comingo, Sirs H G

168 Coble. Jacob

169 Coble, Sirs Jacob

170 Coe. Andrew

171 Cochran. Rcbert

172 Collier, Edwin

173 Collier, Col James

174 Collier, James Jr

175 Collier, Daniel L

176 Collier, Wm B

177 Collier. Fred

178 Conn, Alexander

179 Cooper. Sirs Jane

180 Cooper, Lewis

181 Cooper, Sirs Lewis

182 Cole, Sirs \Vm

183 Cooper, Sirs Mary Priest

184 Copeland, Jno C

185 Corbett, Sirs Dixon Si

186 Cook, Elisha

187 Cook. Sirs Elisha

188 Coulter, Hon T B

188 1/2 Comly. Beni

189 Cowan. John

190 Cox, Robert

191 Crawford, Sirs Sarah

192 Crawford, J B

193 Crawford, Robert

194 Crawford, Mrs John

195 Crawford. John

196 Crew, John R

197 Crew, Henry

198 Crew. Sirs Margaret B

199 Crew. Eva D

200 Croskey, John

201 Croskey, Sirs John

202 Crown. W B

203 Cruson, Jennie

204 Culbertson. Joseph

205 Cummins, Louisa

206 Cummins, Benjamin

207 Cummins, Alfred

208 Cunningham, Hugh

209 Cunningham, John R

210 Cunningham, Mrs Emeline

211 Cunningham, James

212 Cuppy, J W

213 Curfman, Mollie

214 Curfman. Lucy

215 Curry, Mrs George


216 Dailey, Dr Charles

217 Baton, James F

218 Davidson, Rev W A

219 Davidson. Joseph G

220 Davis, J S

221 Day, Wm Sr

222 Day, Mrs Wm Jr

223 Day, Julia

224 Day, Calvin S

225 Paton, John

226 Dean, Wm

227 Dehass, Dr Frank S

228 Derry, Mrs Martha

229 Denmead, Thos

230 Devenny, John

271 Devenny, Alexander

232 Devenny. Mrs Alexander

233 Devenny, Samuel

234 Devenny, Sirs inn S

235 Devenny, William

236 Devenny. Henry H

237 Dillon, Mrs James

238 Dixon, John


239 Dixon, Wm

240 Dobbs, John

241 Dodd, John

242 Dohrman. Henry

243 Dohrman, Sirs George

244 Dohrman, George

245 Dohrman, Peter

246 Dohrman, Jacob

247 Dohrman, Bud

248 Donaldson, Alexander

249 Donaldson. Capt Jame:

250 Doty. Chas B

251 Doty, Sirs C B

252 Downs, John

233 Dougherty, Sirs Joseph

254 Dougherty, Joseph

255 Dougherty. Wm

256 Doyle, Ambrose

257 Doyle, William

258 Doyle, McGuire

259 Doyle, Gen John

260 Doyle, Alexander

261 Doyle, James

262 Doyle, Joseph C

263 Drury, John Sr

264 Drury, Mrs John

265 Draper, Mrs J P

266 Duemline, Tobias

267 Dunn, Joshua

268 Dungan. George

269 Dummett, Sirs Trevor

270 Dunbar, Mrs Jane

271 Dunlap, William

272 Dunkerly, Luke

273 Dunkerly, Madison

274 Dunlevey. Rev Wm

275 Dike, Nathaniel

276 Dike, John S


277 Eaken. Sirs Catherine

278 Eckley. Mrs Frank

279 Eberline, John Sr

280 Edwards. Wm S Sr

281 Elliott. Mrs Margaret

282 Elliott, William

283 Elliott. Mrs W R E

284 Elliott, James

285 Elliott. Sirs James

286 Elliott. W A

287 Elliott. John

288 Elliott, Mrs John

289 Filson, Austin

290 Eisen. Mitchell

291 Elson, John

292 Elson. Sirs John

293 Ekey, Mrs Jane

294 Emerson, May

295 Evans, Robert

296 Evans, Mrs Robert

297 Evers. Christian

298 Ewing, Mrs Alexander

299 Ewing, W W


300 Farmer. Sirs Fred

301 Faulk, August

302 Feist. Aloysius

303 Feltner, John

304 Ferguson, Celia

305 Ferguson, Mrs Nancy

306 Fiches, A J

307 Fickes. Charles

308 Fickes, Elmer

309 Filson, Robert W

310 Filson, Josiah Sr

311 Filson. Mrs Josiah Sr

312 Filson, Samuel Or

313 Filson, Mrs Robt W

314 Filson, John D

315 Filson, Geo B

316 Filson, Mrs Geo B

317 Filson, Samuel Jr

318 Filson. Ella

319 Fisher, Alexander

320 Fisher, Mrs John

321 Fisher. John Sr

322 Fisher, Catherine

323 Fisher, Sirs Jacob

324 Fisher, Geo E

325 Fisher, Mrs Geo A

326 Fitzpatrick. Alexander

327 Fleming. W F

328 Flood: John

329 Flood, Mrs John

330 Floto. Mrs August

331 Foster, James

332 Pogo, Mrs Harriett

333 Fogg. Thos P

334 Ford. Mrs Nicholas

334 1/2 Ford, Nicholas

335 Fry. Frederick

336 Frank. Isaac

337 Frazier. Wm

338 Frazier, James

339 Freshwater. Mrs David

341 Fuchs. Otto

342 Funston, Sirs John


344 Galloway. Rev John

345 Gallagher, James

346 Gallagher. John D

347 Gamble. Mrs Martha

348 Garrett, H G

349 Garrett. Mrs John B

350 Gardner, James Sr

351 Gardner. Mrs Wm

352 Gescheider. Max

353 Gault. John

354 Gaus, Mrs A

355 Gittings, Lizzie

356 Gittings, Gertrude

357 Gibson, Joseph

358 Giles, John

359 Gilmore, Mrs Nancy

360 Gilmore, Sirs David

361 Gillett, Rev Charles

362 Gilmore, David

363 Gllmore, Thos

364 Gilmore, Mrs Thos

365 Gllmore, Archibald

366 Glass, Alfred

367 Gladden, R E

368 Glendenning, Mrs Sarah

369 Gladden, Mrs David

370 Gorsuch, Nicholas

371 Gottman, Wm

372 Gray, John W

373 Grace, Rev H B

374 Graham, James C

375 Graham, Harry

376 Graham, Rev J B

377 Grafton, Ella

378 Grafton. Mrs Isaac

379 Grayson. Capt Samuel

380 Gregg, Robert

381 Gregg, John

382 Grimes, Rev Wm M


387 Hague. James

388 Hagan. Jonathan

389 Hallock. H B

390 Halstead, Mrs R H

391 Hamilton, Maria

392 Hamilton. Archibald

394 Hammond, George

395 Hammond, Sirs George

396 Hammond, Sirs Ann

397 Hamrack. Sirs Laura

398 Hamilton. Dr Wm

399 Hanna. Thompson

400 Hanlon. Sallie

401 Hanlon. Eleanor

402 Harden. Frank

403 Harlan, Sirs Col Wm

404 Harlan, Col Wm

405 Harlan, Cyrus

406 Harlan, Beni F

407 Harlan, John

408 Harlan, Stephen

409 Harlan, Sirs John

410 Harlan, Eli

411 Harlan, Mrs Eli

412 Harris, Richard

413 Harris, Mrs Richard

41 I Hants, Ephraim

415 Harris, Mrs Ephraim

416 Harter, Ada

417 Harter. Wm

418 Harter. Sirs Nettie

419 Harper, John

420 Hartford, Mrs Lucinda

421 Hauluck, Bertha

422 Hawkins, Wm B

423 Hawkins, Wm

424 Hawkins, Mrs Wm

425 Hawkins, Elizabeth

426 Hawkins, E C

427 Hawkins. 13 E

428 Hawkins. Rev Archibald

429 Hezelett. Mrs Mary

430 Helms, Lewis E

431 Henry, Joshua

432 Henry, Mrs Joshua

433 Hervey, David H

434 Hervey. David

435 Hervey, Mrs David

436 Hill, J W

437 H111. Sirs Joseph

438 Hill. George

439 Hill. Mrs Sallie Ferguson

440 Hineman, C

441 Hineman. Mrs C

442 Hinds. Mrs Perry

444 Hingley, Rev Ezra

445 Hobson. Mrs Stephen

446 Hobson, Mrs Elizabeth

447 Hobbs. W

448 Holiday, Lizzie McC

449 Holiday. Col John

450 Holiday. Thos

451 Holiday. Harry

452 Holmes. Mrs Mary

453 Homan. John

454 Homan, Miss Mary

455 Homan, Miss Kate

456 Horner, Mrs Elijah

457 Horner, Mrs George

458 Hood. George

459 Hottel. Emanuel

460 Hottel, David

461 Hubert, Florence

462 Hubert, Constance

463 Huffman. Jacob

464 Hukill, Wm Sr

465 Hukill, James

466 Hukill, Henry

468 Hug. Joseph

469 Hull, Robert C

470 Hull. Miss Margaret

471 Hull, Neal

472 Hull, Jacob

473 Hull. Alexander A

474 Hull, Owen

475 Humes, Clara

476 Humes, Mrs

477 Hunter, James. first child born in Steubenville. 0

478 Hunt, George

479 Hunter, Mrs W A

480 Hunter. W A

481 Hunter, Joseph E

482 Hunter. Mrs Joseph E

483 Hunter, Mrs Thos

484 Huntsman, Nathan

485 Huntsman, Edward

486 Hunt, Mrs Mary A

487 Hurley, Dennis

488 Huscroft, Mrs Ralph

489 Huscroft, Harry

490 Huston, John A

491 Hyde, Mrs Isaac


492 Irwin, Robert

493 Irwin, Mrs Robt

494 Irwin, Lozana

495 Irwin, William

496 Irwin, Sirs Win

497 Irwin, Sirs John

498 Irwin, Andrew

499 Irwin, Samuel

500 Irwin, Jas W

501 Inglebright, Mrs Wm


502 Jackman, W Scott

503 Jackman, Silas Eliza

504 Jackman, John

505 Jackman, Joseph

507 James, Samuel

508 Jarvis, Thomas

509 Jewett. Hon Thos L

510 Jemison, Stephen

511 Jenkins, Geo K

512 Johnson, Ephraim

513 Johnson, Stunts, H

514 Johnson, David

515 Johnson, Mrs David

516 Johnson, Frances

517 Johnson, Miss Lyda

518 Johnson, James A

519 Johnson. Smlley H

520 Johnson, Wm L

521 Johnson, Mrs Kate Doty

522 Johnson, Mrs David

523 Jones, Jno S

524 Jordan, Mrs Mary

525 Junkins, Helen

526 Junkins, M. O.

527 Junkins, Mrs M O

528 Junkins, Gee B


529 Kaminskie. Chas E

530 Kaufman, Henry

531 Kaufman

533 Kepth, Laura

534 Kells, Mrs

535 Kells, George

536 Kells, Dr Lewis

537 Kells, Mrs John

538 Kells, Ross

539 Kells, Mrs Sue

540 Kelly, Silas Sarah

541 Kelly, Henry

542 Kelly, Mrs Henry

543 Kelly, John

544 Kelly, Mrs John

545 Kell. Mrs Rebecca

546 Kenyon, Wm

547 Kenyon, Mrs Win

548 Kershaw. Nicholas

549 Kerlin, O B

550 Kerlin, Wm B

551 Kettlewood. Matthew

552 Kerr, Dr J W

552 1/2 Kerr, Wm E

553 Keys, Chas

554 Kidd, John

555 Kidd. Richard

556 Kilgore, Win

557 Kilgore, Mrs William

558 Kilgore. Daniel

559 King, Sirs Mary

560 King, A E

561 Kirk, Henry C

562 Kirk. Mrs H C

563 Kirkpatrick, Edward

564 Kithcart, Joseph

565 Kithcart, Mrs Joseph

566 Kitheart, Joseph Sr

567 Lander, B

568 Lander, Mrs B

569 Laughlin. M M

570 Layton, J

571 Ledyard, Rev Dr E D

572 Leetch, John

573 Lee, Benjamin

574 Lee, Samuel

575 Lee, James

576 Leslie, Dr John

577 Leslie, Mrs Dr John

578 Levitt. Judge H

579 Lewis. Levi

580 Lewis. Wm

581 Lighthizer, Van

582 Lighthizer, Frank

583 Lighthizer, Amelia

584 Liggett, Mrs Nancy

585 Lindsey, Sirs Elizabeth

586 Lindsey, Alexander

587 Lindsey, Hiram

588 Linn, Mrs Mary

589 Lindsey, J C

590 Lloyd. Col W R

591 Loftus. Miss Maggie

592 Lohman, C H

593 Lorenzo, A C

594 Lorenzo. Mrs A C

595 Laughridge. Mrs Mary

596 Love, Isaac

597 Love. Mrs Isaac

598 Love, Anna

599 Love, James

600 Lowe, Orr

FILSON & SON'S CENTENNIAL GROUP OF DECEASED CITIZENS OF STEUBENVILLE AND VICINITY—CONTINUED


601 Lowe, Mrs J S

602 Lowe, Win H

603 Lowe, John

604 Lucas, Cant Enoch

605 Lucas, Mrs Capt E

606 Lyons, John

607 Lyons, Frank

608 Lyons, James

609 Lyons. Ella

610 Lowe, Wm


611 Magee, Dr S R

612 Magee, Robert. F

613 Mairs, Mrs Sarah

614 Mairs, Dr Beni

615 Hairs, James

616 Maley, James

617 Maley. Mrs James

618 Mandell, Wm

619 Mandell, Catherine E

620 Mandell. Mrs Wm J

621 Mandell, Airs J W

622 Mandell, Mary

623 Mandell, W J

621 Manley, Joshua

625 Manley, Mrs Joshua

626 :Mansfield. Edward

627 Mansfield, Monroe

628 Mansfield, Thos

629 Mansfield, H O

630 Mansfield, Rachel H

631 Mansfield, Charles

632 Mansfield, Ollie

633 Mansfield, Kitty

634 Mansfield. Mrs Edward

635 Mansfield, Mrs Thomas Sr

636 Mansfield, Jacob

637 Mansfield, John

638 :Mansfield, Mrs John

639 Marsh, Dr A G

640 Marsh, Mrs A O

641 Marsh, Roswell

642 Marsh. Mrs Roswell

643 Marsh. Geo E

644 Marsh. Airs Geo E

645 Marshall, Wm

646 Marshall, Mrs Wm

647 Martin, Mary

648 Martin, Mrs Matthew

649 Martin, Jas W

650 Martin, Mrs Jas W

651 Martin, Hon Robert

652 Markle, Thos J

653 Markle, Mrs Thos J

654 Markle. Mrs Abraham

655 Marion, Mrs Hillery

656 Marlon. Airs Edward

657 Marion, Edward

658 Mathers. Chas

659 Matthews, Mrs Ruth

660 Maxwell. Mrs. Mattie

661 Maxwell, Robert

662 Maxwell, Ida M

663 May, Mrs Joseph

664 Mayes, Lulu

665 Means. Hon Thomas

666 Means, Geo B.

667 Means, Hon Joseph

668 Menas. Mrs Joseph

669 Means, James Sr

670 Means, Mrs James Sr

671 Means. Wm

672 Mears, Robert

673 Steam, Thomas

674 Meikle, David

675 Meikle, Ada

G76 Meikle, Alexander

677 Melvin, James

678 Miller. Mrs Rev J C

679 Miller, Rev Jas C

680 Miller, Joseph

681 Miller, Dr Thomas

682 Miller, Hon J H

683 Miller, Mrs J H

684 Miller, Mrs David

685 Miller, George

686 Miller, Mrs Victoria

687 Miller. Thomas

689 Miller, Sirs Thomas

690 Miller, Samuel

691 Miller, Mrs M L

692 Miller, Edward

693 Miller, Mrs Edward

694 Miller, George

695 Miller, Elizabeth W

697 Miller, Robert A

698 Miller, David

699 Mier. Col John, one of the editors and founders of the Steubenville Herald in 1806.

701 Mills. John

702 Miser, George

703 Miser, Mrs George

701 Mitchell. Benjamin. D D

705 Mizzlewitz. Frederick

706 Moore. Mrs John

708 Moore. J W

709 Mooney. Wm H

710 Wore. Susanah

711 Moore. Mrs John

712 Moody. David G

713 Mooney. Johnson

714 Moncrief, M

715 Montgomery. Daniel

716 Montgomery. Mrs Daniel

717 Montgomery. Wood

718 Moran, Agnes

719 Morff, Chas

720 Morff, children

721 Morff. Lizzie

722 Morff. Carrie

721 Moreland. David

724 Moreland. Mrs David

725 Moreland, Mrs C

726 Morrison, Newton

727 Morrison, Richard

728 Morrison. John

729 Morris, Justin

730 Morse, Rev. Intrepid

731 Moreland, Mrs Joseph

732 Morrow, Mrs G W

733 Mossgrove, Wm

734 Mossgrove, Mrs Wm

735 Mossgrove, O P

736 Mosel, Geo F

737 Mosel, Mrs Geo F

738 Myers, David

739 Myers, Capt Geo H

740 Murphy, Anthony

741 Murphy. John

742 Murphy, Jennie

743 Mueler, Peter

744 McCann. Lou

745 McCabe, Wm Sr

746 McCabe, Wm Jr

747 McBeth, Walter

748 McBeth, Mrs Walter

749 McBeth. Stewart

750 McLeish, William

751 McLeish, Mrs William

712 McCauslen, Hon Thos

753 McCauslen, Hon W C

754 McCarthy. Wm Sr

755 McCarthy. Wm Jr

736 McCarthy Richard

757 McCaully, John

758 McCaully, Mrs John

760 McCallister, James

761 McConnell, Wm

762 McConnell, Mrs Robt.

763 McCracken, Mrs Sarah

764 McCracken. John H

765 McConville, Daniel Sr

766 McCook, Dr John

767 McCook. Mrs Dr John

768 McCook, Major Daniel

769 McCook Sirs Daniel

770 McCook, Col Geo W

771 McCook, Mrs Geo W

772 McCook, Gen Daniel

773 McCook, Gen Robt L

774 McCoy, Margaret

775 McCoy, D S

776 McCoy. Mrs D S

777 McCoy. Marguerite

778 McCoy, N M

779 McClave. Stewart

70, McCleary. Ewing

781 McClelland, Col John

782 McClelland, Rutherford Jr

783 McClinton. John

784 McCullough, Maggie

785 McCallough. Stella

786 McCullough, John

787 McCullough. Richard

788 McCullough. John

789 McCurdy. Geo A

790 McCullough. Mrs John

791 McCullough. George

792 McDonald, Isaac

793 McDonald. Alice

794 McDowell, Mrs John

795 McDevitt, Daniel

796 McElroy. James

797 McElroy. Mrs James

798 McFarland, Martha

799 McFarland, Beatty

800 McFarland. James

801 McFarland, Mrs Jane

802 McFetridge, Mrs James

803 McFeely Eli

804 McFeely. John

805 McGee. Mrs Mary

806 McGowan. David Sr

807 McGowan, Mrs David Sr

808 McGowan, John O

809 McGowan, Mary

810 McGonagle, Joseph

811 McGowan. William

812 McGregor Dr W D

813 McKay. Pat

814 McKay. James

813 McKeever, Robt

816 McKinney. Hon James

817 McKinney, Mary

818 McKinney. Robs Sr

819 :McKinney. Frank

820 McKibbon. Robert Jr

821 McKibbon Mrs Robt Sr

822 McKim Edward

823 McLaughlin. Wm Sr

824 McLaughlin, Mrs Wm D

825 McLean, Rachael

826 McMahan. Andrew

827 McMasters. Wm F

828 McMillen, James

829 McMillen, George

830 McMillen, Samuel

831 McMillen, Lieut Wm


833 Nash, William

834 Nash, Mrs William

835 Naylor, Chas P

836 Nevin. Mrs Jane

837 Nelson, William

838 Newlin. Rev A W

839 Neiswanger, H

840 Nicholson, Mrs John

841 Nicholson, John

842 Nicholson. George H

842 1/2 Nicholson. Andrew

843 Norman. John

844 Norman. Mrs John

845 Nolan, Mrs Thomas


846 O'Donald. Mary

847 Odbert, John Sr

848 Odbert, Mrs John Sr

849 Oliver, John Sr

850 Oliver, Mrs John Sr

851 Oliver, Henry

852 Oliver, Mrs Henry

853 O'Neal, Cant Abner

854 O'Neal. Mrs Capt Abner

855 O'Neal, Leroy

856 Ong, Finley

857 Oliver, Mrs Andrew

858 Orr John Sr

859 Orr. Mrs John Sr

860 Orr. Frank

861 Orr, Samuel

862 Orr, Miss Mary

863 Orr, Chas R

864 Orr, John

865 Orr. Johnson

860 Orr, Andersen

868 Orr. Mrs C

869 Orth. Christopher

870 Orwick, John

871 Osburn B

872 Osburn, Mrs Frank

873 Osterhouse. Jerry

874 Owesney. Valentine


875 Parks, Henry

876 Parks. Mollie

877 Parkinson. Junious L

878 Parks. James Sr

879 Parson, Miss Alice

880 Palmer. George

881 Patters, John S

882 Patterson. A W

883 Patterson Mrs A W

884 Patterson. Francis


881 Patterson. William

886 Patterson, Rev. J. B.

887 Patterson,, Mrs George

888 Patterson. Mrs Oella

889 Paxton, Miss Alice

890 Pearce. Enoch

891 Pearce. Mrs Enoch

892 Pearce. George Sr

893 Pearce, Mrs George

894 Peace, Olive B.

895 Pearce, Mrs Sallie Rine

896 Peirce, Mrs

897 Permar. Rezin

898 Peters, R C

899 Peter,. Mrs R C

900 Peters, J. B.

501 Pitts, Rev

902 Pelly, Mrs Jones

903 Porter, Joshua

904 Porter, John P

905 Porter, Mrs John P

906 Porter, W A

907 Potter, Mollie

908 Potter, Daniel Sr

909 Potter, Mrs Daniel

910 Poth, Harry

911 Poth, Beni

912 Poth, George E

913 Poth, George

914 Powell, Rhuel

915 Powers. Mrs James M

916 Pratt. Airs. George

917 Premiss. Mrs Mary

918 Priest, Francis A

919 Priest, Frank

920 Priest, Henry

921 Pugh. W H

922 Pyle, Dr E M

923 Pyle. Mrs Dr E M

924 Pyle. Dr W H


921 Rabe. Mrs A P

926 Ralph, Mrs Alice. age 103

927 Rall Charles

928 Ramsey, Mrs Matilda

929 Ratcliff. Ellwood

930 Ray. Mattie

931 Reese, Mrs Christian

932 Reedy, Mr

933 Reed, Mrs Mary

934 Reid, Mrs Dr A M

935 Reid, William

936 Reiter. Stephen

937 Reynolds. Frank

938 Reynolds, Harry K

939 Reynolds Jacob

940 Reynolds, Mrs Jacob

941 Reynolds, Sirs Jacob R

942 Reynolds. Jacob R

943 Rex. Mrs Martha

944 Richardson, Wm

945 Richardson. Joseph

946 Richards. William

947 Richards. Wm

948 Rickey, Macho

949 Ridgely, Alice

950 Ridgely. Mrs Frank

951 Riley, James

952 Risher, Rev Frederick

953 Risher, Airs Frederick

954 Risdon, Susan

955 Risdon, Solomon

956 Risdon, Mrs Solomon

957 Ritson, James

958 Robinson. William

959 Robinson, Mrs William

960 Ross. James

961 Robinson. William

962 Robinson. Tames

963 Robinson. Win

964 Robinson. Mrs James

965 Robinson. Harry

966 Robinson. James

967 Robertson. William Jr

968 Robertson, Wm

969 Robertson. Mrs R 1.

970 Robertson, John

971 Robertson. John C

972 Robertson. Mrs \\'m

973 Robertshaw. Harry

974 Robertson. Mrs John

975 Roberts. Wm

978 Roberts. Mrs Susan

977 Roberts, James

978 Roberts, Matthew

979 Robertson, Mrs David

980 Rodgers, Dr J H

981 Rodgers, Ruben

982 Rothacker, Mrs Samuel

983 Rothacker, Frank D

981 Rush, Mrs Eliza McDonald

985 Russell, James

986 Ruddick, John

987 Russell. John P

988 Runyon. Mrs R


989 Sage. Warren J

990 Salmon, Samuel

991 Salmon, Mrs Samuel

992 Salmon, William

992 1/2 Sarratt, Wm H

993 Schnorenberg, R

994 Scott, William

995 Scott, George

996 Scott, Cyrus

997 Scott, Hon Thos B

998 Scott, J P

999 Scott, James E

1000 Scharlott, George

1001 Scull. S F

1002 Scullion, Barnard

1003 Selah, Mary E

1004 Shaw, Mrs Alfred

1005 Shaw, Wm T

1006 Shaw, Benny

1007 Shaw, Anna

1008 Shaw. Lizzie

1009 Shaw, Ambrose

1010 Shaw, Mrs Ambrose

1011 Shaw, F C

1012 Shane, Miss Kate

1013 Shane, A M

1014 Shane, Isaac

1015 Shane, Mrs Isaac

1016 Shane, Joseph

1017 Shane. Mrs Joseph

1018 Shane, Miss Mary

1020 Sharp. B M

1021 Sharp, Mrs W L

1022 Sharp. Won

1021 Sharron, Mrs Martha

1024 Shanks, Gertrude

1025 Sherrard. Master Hobert

1026 Sherrard, Robt Jr

1027 Sherrard, Robt Sr

1028 Shields. Harry C.

1029 Spouse. Capt John

1030 Spouse, Jacob

1031 Spouse. Geo W

1032 Shoemaker. Adam

1033 Shoemaker. Mrs, Adam

1034 Silcox. Hezekiah

1035 Simeral, W F

1036 Simeral, Mrs John A

1037 Simpson, Bishop

1038 Sinclair, Mrs Nancy K

1039 Sinclair. James

1040 Slack, James H

1041 Slack, John D

1042 Slee, Elias

1043 Smith, Oliver C

1044 Smith, Noah

1045 Smith. Jabez

1046 Smith, Mrs Jabez

1047 Smith, Alexander

1048 Smith, L R

1049 Smith, Eli

1050 Smith, John

1051 Smurthwaite. John

1052 Spaulding. David

1053 Spencer, J C

1054 Spencer. Capt Wm

1015 Speer, Robert

1056 Speer, William

1057 Springer, Rev

1058 Springer, John

1059 Springer. Mrs Jane

1060 Sproat, Laura

1061 Stanton, Hon E M

1062 Stanton, Benjamin

1063 Stanton, Mrs Lucy

1064 Stanton, Dr William

1065 Stark, Naomi

1066 Stark, Wm

1067 Stark. John

1068 Stark, Mrs Lenora

1069 Stanley, Chas

1070 Steele. Matthew

1071 Steele, Mrs Matthew

1072 Steadman. Mrs L

1073 Sterling. Hugh

1074 Sterling. Mrs Hugh

1075 Stephenson, Bishop

1076 Sterling. James

1077 Sterling. Mrs James

1078 Stewart; Richard

1079 Stewart, Dr J W

1080 Stewart. Mrs Dr J W

1081 Stewart. Capt Wm

1082 Steuben, Baron

1083 Stewart, Rev O V

1084 Stephens. Samuel

1085 Stiers, Mrs Sarah

1086 Stiers, D W

1087 Stokes. Mrs John

1088 Stonecypher, Mrs E

1089 Stokely, Mrs F. Mountford

1090 Stonebraker, Rebecca

1091 Stone, Mrs James

1093 Strayer, H B

1094 Strayer. Jacob

1095 Stringer, Malcolm

1096 Sutherland. Hon Jno K

1097 Sutherland, Wm

1098 Sunderland, Michael

1099 Sunderland. Mrs Michael

1100 Stitcher, George

1101 Swearingen, Henry

1102 Swearingen, Mrs Henry

1103 Swearingen, Errett

1104 Swords, Kinsey

1105 Swickard, Daniel

1106 Swearingen, Wm

1107 Swickard, Wm

1108 Swearingen, Geo D

1109 Swearingen, Mrs Geo D

1110 Swearingen, Hon Henry

1111 Swearingen, Mrs Henry


1112 Tappan, Charles

1113 Tappan, Judge Benjamin

1114 Tappan, Dr Benjamin

1115 Tappan, Mrs Oella Stanton

1116 Tappan, Eli Todd

1117 Tate, Mrs Daniel

1118 Taylor, Alfred

1119 Taylor, William

1120 Taylor, Thomas B

1121 Teaff, James

1122 Teaff, Mrs James

1123 Teaff, Mrs Nimrod

1124 Thatcher, George

1125 Theinpont, Rev Father

1126 Thompson, Dr J W

1127 Thompson. James

1128 Thompson, William

1129 Thompson, Robert

1130 Thompson, William

1131 Thompson, Mrs William

1132 Thompson, Henry A

1133 Thompson. William

1134 Thomas, Jas

1135 Thornburg, J S

1136 Thorley, James

1137 Thrapp, Rev Israel

1138 Tipton, William

1139 Toomey, Rev Father

1140 Tonner. E A

1141 Turner. Frank

1142 Turnbull. James

1143 Travis, Beni

1144 Trotter, James


1146 Updegraff, D B, D D

1147 Updegaff, Hon J T

1148 Urquhart, Moses

1149 Urquhart, Mrs Moses

1150 Underwood, James


1151 Vanhorn, Lafayette

1152 Vance, Mrs T B

1153 Vandyne, Henry

1154 Viers, John

1155 Viers, Haze

1156 Veirs, Brice

1157 Venable. Samuel


1158 Watters, Spence

1159 Waters, Mrs Catherine

1160 Walker, Airs Martha

1161 Walker, Martha A

1162 Walker, Lewis A

1163 Walker, Hess

1164 Walker, John Sr

1165 Wallace, James H

1166 Wallace, Chas

1167 Wallace, Ebb

1168 Walden, Capt W A

1169 Wannemacher, Joseph

1170 Wagner, William

1171 Warren, Scott

1172 Watson, Matthew

1173 Watt, Robert

1174 Weaver, Matthew

1175 Weaver, Mrs Mat

1176 Wetherald, Harry D

1177 Webster, Mrs George

1178 Webster, Col Geo W

1179 Weems, Theodore

1180 Weems, Mrs Theodore

1181 Wells, Ross

1182 Wells, David

1183 Wells, Nathaniel

1184 Wells, Bezaleel

1185 Wells, Mrs Bezaleel

1186 Wells, Francis A

1187 Wells. Mrs Francis A

1188 Welday, Mrs D M

1189 Welsh, Thomas

1190 Whiter, W L

1191 Whitaker, Scott

1192 Whitaker, Hiram

1193 Whitaker, Mark

1194 White, David

1195 White, John

1196 Wilkins. Thos

1197 Wilcoxen, Mrs Sarah

1198 Wilson, James

1199 Wilson. Samuel

1200 Wilson. James, former of Steubenville Herald

1201 Wilson, David

1202 Wightman, Mrs Rev

1203 Williams. Mrs Thomas G

1204 Wintringer, Mrs N

1205 Winters, Mrs

1206 Woods, Mrs Robert

1207 Woods, Mrs David

1208 Woods. Joseph

1209 Woods, J A B

1210 Woods, William

1212 Woods, Jessie E

1213 Wolff, Mrs Cora

1214 Wilson. James. former editor of the Herald

1215 Worthington, Mrs B D

1216 Worthington, O A

1217 Workman, Gorden Sr

1218 Yarnell, Peter

1219 Yocum, John Sr

1220 Young. C

1221 Young, Mrs C


1222 Zellars, Nicholas

1223 Zink. Miss Mary


AND REPRESENTATIVE CITIZENS - 359


Among the residents of Saline Township in the later sixties was E. K. Collins, of SPAN' York, who came there with the view of prospecting for oil. Mr. Collins was the head of the Collins line of steamers, it being the first line of regular packets to ply between New York and Liverpool. He was also the first to discard the use of the bowsprit on steam vessels, being the first step towards discarding sails. His line flew the American flag and had the contract for carrying the mails, for which it received $858,000 a year. The company met with a series of disasters, and Mr. Collins's wife and son and daughter were lost off of the Arctic, one of his steamers, on the 27th day of September. 1854, in a collision with the, Vesta off the banks of Newfoundland, in a dense fog. There were sixty women on board the vessel and they were all lost. Ile came to Yellow Creek and bought the hidings property, operated some in the coal and oil business, made his home there for four or five years and then returned to New York and died about 1878. He had six steamers. About the time of these disasters the Cunard line, assisted by subsidies from the British government, came to the front and this competition, with the other troubles, was more than could be withstood. The company became bankrupt and it was many years before the American flag again floated from a trans-Atlantic liner.


CHAPTER XXI


THE COUNTY SEAT


Steubenville, Its Origin and Growth—Early Merchants and Old Taverns--Additions to the City—Rise and Progress of the Temperance Movement—Water and Lighting Facilities— Our Fire Fighters—Banking and Finance, Remarkable Industrial Progress— Most Beautiful Cemetery in the World—Schools, Churches and Fraternal Societies—Social Culture—Libraries, H ospitals and Y. M. C. A.—Public Buildings and City Government— Medical Society and a Great Philanthropic Measure — A Remarkable City and Its People.


Much of the history of Steubenville, as well as that of the other civic communities, has been given in the preceding chapters as part of the general history of the county. It will now only be necessary to refer to such matters and persons as pertain especially to its locality, and this applies generally to the towns and townships throughout the county. The old portion of the city lies in a natural ampitheatre surrounded by high hills on the right bank of the river sixty-eight miles by water and forty-three across the country from Pittsburgh. It is in 40̊ 25' north latitude and 3̊ 40' west longitude from Washington. The width of the river at a six-foot stage  is about 1,000 feet from shore to shore, and at low water mark is 640 1/2 feet above the sea. The city is located on two benches of glacial terraces, the second being far abovethe highest flood line. Much of the soil is gravel of the original river bed and other parts varying from sand to loam. The river frontage is about three miles with an average width of a little less than a mile, including within its boundaries 1,676 acres.


As previously related, there were settlers here at least as early as 1786, when the building of Fort Steuben began, but the land still belonging to the government, they had no legal status as landowners. In 1796 Bezaleel Wells, then residing at Charlestown, now Wellsburg, seven miles down the river, attended the public land sale in New York and purchased Sections 30 and 36 of Township No. 2 of Range 1, the first of the seven ranges before described, lying north of a line drawn from a point just south of the present intersection of Market and Liberty streets to the

Ohio River below North Street, containing 1,204 acres at $2 per acre. James Ross, a wealthy resident of Pittsburgh and senator from Pennsylvania, purchased Sections 29 and 35 south of there, and the two gentlemen went together and laid out the town of Steubenville. The plat contained 236 inlots, 60x180 feet, beginning with No. 1 at the southeast corner of South and Water streets and numbered consecutively northward ten to a block to North Street, making forty in the row. No. 41 is at the northwest corner of High and South




- 360 -


AND REPRESENTATIVE CITIZENS - 361


streets, present site of electric plant, and 80 at corner of North 81 at northeast corner of Third and South to 120 inclusive at North; 121 at northwest corner of Third and South to 156 at North 157 at northeast corner of Fourth and South to 196 at North; 197 at northwest corner of Fourth and South to 236 at North. It will be observed that there is a hiatus of four lots on the west side of Third Street. This is caused by the reservation of the space of two lots on the south side of Market Street and the same on the north side marked public square. There has been an impression that the south tract was given to the city for a market house and could be used for no other purpose. There is no record evidence of any such action, and no direct title was ever given to the city beyond what was marked on the plat. Being a public square farmers naturally congregated there to sell their produce, and years after a market house was built on the place, which made way for the present city building in 1882. Whether ground that is practically covered by a building of any kind can he called a public square may be a subject of discussion, but the alleged market house restriction is not worthy of serious attention. The two lots north of Market Street were in the same situation, but the county commissioners before the erection of the first court house secured a deed from Mr. Wells and wife for the nominal sum of $5 vesting their title in the county. It will be noticed that Mr. Wells's land was north of Market Street, while Ross's was south. They afterwards reversed that by proper deeds, placing Mr. Wells's property on the south side. As indicated by the above figures the blocks were 600 feet long and 380 wide. having a twenty-foot alley through the centre. Market Street, the main east and west thoroughfare, was given a width of 66 feet and the others 60 feet, they being Adams (named after the President) and South on the south side, and Washington and North on the other, defining the platted portion of the town. Water Street on the river bank was laid out 60 feet wide, and High Street on the bench above 80 feet, as this was expected to be the residence boulevard of the place. Then came Third and Fourth streets, each 60 feet. The roads from up and down the river for many years came in on Water Street and ascended to the second bench or High Street by a road excavated in the side of the bank between Market and Washington streets. The first road out to the back country was via Wells's run, and subsequently up the ravine between Market and Washington streets. The town was encircled on the land side by twenty outlots of five acres each. The entire town plat included about 200 acres. The first public sale of lots took place on August 25, 1797, the original record of that sale being in possession of Misses Sarah and Agnes Wells, granddaughters of Bezaleel Wells. Following is the list of lots sold, with their purchaser and price :




No. Purchaser.

Price

1 Benjamin Reed

2 William Smith

3 Peter Snyder

4 William Ingle

5 William Boyd

6 Robert Curry

7 John Murphy

8 Elisha Bonham

9 Joseph Seaman

10 John Kerr

11 Charles Fox

12 Thomas Thompson

13 John Edgington

14 Hans Wilson

15 Samuel Salter

16 Alexander Hanes

17 Aaron Hunt

18 Solom'n Cook

19 William Clark

20 William Sharon

22 Jacob Repshew

23 Joseph Lewis

24 Samuel Salter

25 Henry McGauch

26 Joseph P. Everhart

27 John Finney

28 John Lowery

29 Joseph Seaman

30 James Kerr

100 S. Hunter

101 Thomas McGiffin

102 William McComent

103 John Glass

104 John Moody

106 John McKnight

$ 31

32

29

29

45

33

31

36

42

64

65

37

40

40

47

40

47

52

57

110

40

66

55

36

38

30

26

24

46

90

110

66

41

39

31


362 - HISTORY OF JEFFERSON COUNTY





107 James Boyd

108 Robert Meeks

109 Jacob Mullan

110 Joseph Lewis

111 John Ward

112 Jonathan Hawitt

113 Robert Meeks

114 James McNab

115 Alexander Johnson

116 Robert Meeks

117 John Edgington

118 Robert Meeks

120 Hans Wilson

124-5 Charles King

130 James Forsythe

136 Rich & Wells

137 William Engle

139 Hans Wilson

140 John McCombs

141 James McGowan

142 James Bailey

143 Samuel Hunter

155-6 B. Stewart

31 John Lowery

42 Thos. Thompson

45 Levi Lowes

46 Richard Nicholson

47 Edward Crawford

48 Alex. Crawford

49 Adam Simpson

50 .John Fink

51-2 Matthew Taylor

54 Thomas Thomson

57 Alex. Horner

58 John De Huff

59 Samuel Salter

60 Elias Bayless

61 Francis Douglass

63 John Ward

64-5 A. McLean

66 James Gordon

68-70 Thos. Anderson

71 Thos. Cracraft

72-3 Arch. Allison

74 Thos. Elder

75 Henry Kepky

76 Cornelius Boyle

77 Michael Bartley

23

24

40

41

40

30

19

17

19

17

14

13

15

50

40

41

51

58

39

33

30

24

40

40

26

24

31

31

41

90

69

41

40

46

79

120


74

86

40

113

48

56

24

24

21

20

78 Geo. Atkinson

79 Wm. Atkinson

80 Samuel Meeks

83 Wm. Shannon

84 John Rodgers

85 Joseph M. Emue

87 Henry Maxwell

88 Geo. Atkinson

89 Thos. Maxwell

90 Wm. Hays

91 Adam Simpson

95 Zenas Kimberly

97 Abel .Johnson

98 Adam Simpson

175 John Edgington

177 Geo. Blazure

180 John Hawkins

127 Robt. Adams

126 Valentine Smith

133 Philip Griffith  

129 Chas. Kean

17

17

13

12

12

13

17

21

22


41

21

26

35

50

70

45

40

40

50

50

166 Wm. Pickering

172 A. Richmond

186 Daniel Collins

173 Anthony Beck

210 Wm. Baker

207 Wm. Boyd

211 Richard Loan

212 Aaron Quinn

187-8 D. Wilson

182-5 Hull & Andrews

134 Thos. Hazlett

178 Thos. Dadey

179 John Roland

151 Jacob Moore

181 Alex. Snodgrass

199 Nicholas Bowman

105

204 Benjamin Farmer

216 Benjamin Farmer

213 Jonathan Simpson

214 Eli Way

215 John Black

217 John Imur

218 .James Woods

219 Simpson King

220 Charles Maxwell

221 John Keating

222-3 John Key

226 P. Shorne

45

45

45

45

45

45

45

45

70

180

60

50

23

30

45


150

30

30

30

50

60

63, 60

35

40

45

45

90

60

OUTLOTS.

1 Thomas Gray

2 Geo. Atkinson

3 Salter & War

4 Solomon Cook

5 Z. A. Beatty

7 Thomas Dadey

8 Adam Simpson

9 R. Beall

11 John Edgington

12 Thos. J. Douglas

13 .Jacob Miller

14 Samuel Hunter

16 Samuel Meeks

19 Joseph Lewis

$105

106

130

165

100

189

160

105

155

148

100

81

153

102




There were 143 inlots sold, bringing 144.373, and 14 outlots for $1,889, making a total of $6,262. This netted a very respectable profit to the original purchasers of the land, but the advance in a little over a hundred years gives very different figures. As there was still a payment due the government on the original purchase, the patent for the land did not issue until January 15, 1798, and hence the first deeds were not made until February 13, 1798, the final payments for the lots being presumably made at that time. The original patent to Mr. Wells hangs in the courthouse in Steubenville, having the following contents :


AND REPRESENTATIVE CITIZENS - 363


JOHN ADAMS,


PRESIDENT OF THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA.


To All to Whom These Presents Shall Come, Greeting: Know ye that in pursuance of an act of the Congress of the United States passed on the 13th day of May, 1796, entitled "An Act providing for the sale of the lands of the United States in the Territory Northwest of the River Ohio and above the mouth of Kentucky River," there is granted to Bazil Wells, of Washington County, in the State of Pennsylvania, the lots or sections numbered thirty and thirty-six in the township numbered two in the first range of townships surveyed in pursuance of an ordinance of Congress passed on the twentieth day of May, 1785, which lots or sections contain by estimation twelve hundred and four acres, for which lots or sections there was bidden the rate of two dollars per acre, amounting for the lots on sections aforesaid to two thousand four hundred and eight dollars, of which there was paid on account the sum of twelve hundred and four dollars unto the person authorized by the President of the United States for that purpose. as appears from a certificate of the governor of said northwestern territory, dated at Pittsburgh on the fifth day of December, one thousand seven hundred and ninety-six, and the balance being twelve hundred and four dollars, having been paid within one year thereafter to the treasurer of the United States. as appears by his receipt dated the twenty-third day of November, one thousand seven hundred and niuety-seven: To have and to hold the said lots on (said) sections with all the appurtenances to the said Bazil Wells and his heirs and assigns forever.


In witness whereof the said John Adams. President of the United States of America, hath caused the seal of the United States to be hereto affixed and signed the same with his hand at Philadelphia, the fifteenth day of January, in the year of our Lord one thousand seven hundred and ninety-eight.. and in the twenty-second of the Independence of the -United States.

JOHN ADAMS.

By the President,

[SEAL]

TIMOTHY PICKERING,

Secretary of State.


No doubt the new community, including the hundred or so purchasers of lots, went to Work erecting places to live; in fact, quite a number of their cabins were in existence previous to the sale, and doubtless some of them stood on the lots to which they now acquired a legal title, for, as we have seen, Steubenville was actually an older settlement than Marietta. We know of court being held in a private house in November, -1797, but the first building of which we have any record was the old log courthouse built on the lot procured from Bezaleel Wells, which stood until removed for the erection of its brick successor, in 1809, and when torn down was said to contain sufficient lumber to build three such edifices. The first brick chimney in the village was built by John Ward, in March, 1798, he soon after building the older portion of the United States Hotel, at present Hotel Lacy. The building of the Wells homestead began that same year, but was not completed until 1800, when Mr. Wells brought his family here from Wellsburg. As stated elsewhere, the first marriages were Joseph Baker to Mary Findley, by Recorder Zenas Kimberly, October 19, 1797; and William Bush to Nancy Williamson, January 25, 1798, by D. Z. Wood, justice of the peace. The first white child born was James, son of Samuel Hunter, on September 18, 1798. John Ward, Jr., was the next born, in October. The first white female children were Sarah Ward, born in 1800, and Elizabeth Ward, in 1801, followed by Hannah Hunter, Ann Margaret Ward, Sally Brown, etc.


Hans Wilson was the first storekeeper of whom we have any record. He was said to have been a short, dark complexioned, round shouldered man, clean shaved, plainly dressed and economic-al to parsimony. He came from Ireland when quite young, and threshed for a living until he secured money enough to follow the road with a pack, so he was one of the pioneer peddlers. As will be seen from the above sale, he purchased lot No. 139, adjoining the public square on the north, for $100, and on this erected a small log storeroom. His business growing, it was replaced by a substantial brick building, and at his death, about fifty years after, he had accumulated quite a large fortune. He was an ardent Presbyterian, and after making provision for the support of his wife, the residue of his property was willed to the Home and Foreign Missionary Societies. It is said that after his death diligent search was made through the attic and other out-of-the-way places for money which he was supposed to have secreted, but we are not advised that the search was successful. John Allen succeeded Mr. Wilson, and kept a dry goods store on the same lot, and remained there until the fall


364 - HISTORY OF JEFFERSON COUNTY


of 1869, when the property was purchased by the county, and .a portion of the jail and sheriff's residence now stands thereon.


As stated, John Ward built the older portion of the United States Hotel, what is now Hotel Lacey, fronting on Market Street, in 1800. At first it was merely a lodging for the court officials, but the business naturally grew into a permanency. The street at that time was on a level with the present second floor or a little below, and the present ground floor was the basement or cellar. Mr. Ward succeeded Bezaleel Wells as prothonatory, or clerk, of court, which office he held until 1810. His writing was like copper plate, and is still greatly admired in the old records. After 1810 he conducted merchandizing and had a drug store for many years on the northwest corner of Market and Court Streets. His family residence, now considerably changed, still stands on the southwest corner of Fifth and Washington Streets, his mead extending to Market Street on the south and to Alley D on the west, the whole tract an expanse of flowers and vegetables. He was a Churchman, and died April 30, 1840. His immediate descendants are all dead, but grandchildren and great-grandchildren are still living.


Benjamin Doyle, the first manufacturer in the community, was a sedate matter of fact individual, a strict Churchman and quick at business. Ile provided the first city well on the courthouse lot, which remained there for many years. He was interested in public affairs, as will be seen by reports elsewhere, and died in 1832.


Samuel Hunter, one of the early arrivals, father of the first white child born in the town, having purchased lot 100 on the southeast corner of Third and Market Streets, kept a general store there until about 1825, when he left for Knoxville, built a flour mill and carried on a store for many years. He was a Presbyterian in religion, and active in public affairs, being town and county treasurer. The Jones Munker establishment now occupies that corner.


John Galbraith, the first postmaster, came here about 1799, and at one time owned Lot 166 at the corner of Fourth and Market Streets, where McConville Block now stands'. He was a short, stout man, affable and very popular. He died about 1830.


John England was a bachelor from Pennsylvania, and kept a general store on Lot 138, on the southwest corner of the public square. He was a Quaker of considerable executive ability and was one of the associate judges of the Common Pleas Court. He spent his last days on his farm in Cross Creek Township.


William R. Dickenson came here about 1805 from Chillicothe, a Churchman, characterized by gentility and deportment, and more than ordinary ability. His banking enterprise and relations with Bezaleel Wells in woolen manufacturing are related. elsewhere. His first wife was a daughter of Dr. McDowell, the pioneer physician of this section and the second, Miss Johnson, a niece of Dr. McDowell. After the failure in 1830 he moved to Texas, where he died. One daughter .became the wife of Mr. Peebles, of Pittsburgh, and another of Mr. Riddle, of the same place. One of the latter's daughters became the wife of Thomas Scott, president of the Pennsylvania Railroad.


Colonel Todd, born in 1764, came here about the same time, and kept the tavern known as the Cross Keys, the present site of the National Theater. He was said to have taken a prominent part in the whisky insurrection in western Pennsylvania, and as a host gained much popularity by his genial manners. He had one son, William, who died about 1823, and several daughters, who respectively married William Johnson, Robert Hanlin, William Findley, Mr. O'Neil and James Turnbull. He died about 1840.


Isaac Jenkinson was among the first justices of the peace and township trustees. He was best known, however, as host of the "Red Lion," the popular tavern on N. Third Street, present site of Cavitt plan-


366 - HISTORY OF JEFFERSON COUNTY


old courthouse in 1809 and the "magnificent"' structure nearly completed in its place. It may be noted that Charlestown was laid out in 1791 and named after Charles Prather, its proprietor. In 1816, by an act of the legislature, the name was changed to Wellsburg, after Alexander Wells, doubtless to avoid confusing it with Charlestown in the Shenandoah Valley.


Fortunately for those interested in local history, a keelboat touched at the Market Street landing on October 22, 1814, and a family disembarked, in which was a lad twelve years old, who soon became known as the possessor of a singularly retentive memory, and who also formed the habit of jotting down items of interest with their dates as they occurred, which in time made a local record that was almost invaluable. Unfortunately that record has been lost, but interviews with numerous persons have been reduced to writing from time to time, so that much has been preserved. The boy referred to was Eli H. MeFeely, to whom we are indebted both directly and indirectly for much that for his descent from Edward McFeely and subsequent history are given in another place. it is sufficient to say. bare that he married Elizabeth, second daughter of Ward, and thus identified himself with the pioneer work of the town. 'Ile thus tells his introduction to the little city:


"Arriving in Steubenville from Pittsburgh y keelboat with my father and family on Saturday, October 22, 3814, after a pleasant voyage of seven days, we were met by Uncle Abe Moore (colored) with his cart, who removed our household goods to the west end of Market street. The town in that day contained some eight or nine hundred inhabitants. On Water street, John Moody, father of David Moody, Esq., had located from Burgettstown. Pa., in 1797, and settled in a log house below Washington street. He built the 'Yarnel' house on Third street and moved into it in the fall of 1798. John Ward located on the corner of Market and High streets in March, 3798, and he it was who that year built the first brick chimney in this place. He also built the old part of the United States House in 1800. On Water street the old Armstrong house was north of Market street, while south was the Dundas House. On the corner of High and Market Tom Hamilton kept the sign of the White Horse,' and on the corner of Market and North Third streets stood a two-story log house, 'Tarlton' store, James Wilson's store, and a two-story frame, where McGowan Bros. have now a wholesale grocery. Next was Isaac Jenkinson's tavern, the 'Red Lion.' On the west side of Third, corner of Court House square, Hans Wilson had a store, then came Hale's store, another one run by James Means, James Dick 's tavern, sign of the 'Ship,' and then Thomas Kells's tavern, the sign of the 'Green Tree." South of Market, corner of Third, was Samuel Hunter's store, and John England ran a new store on the south corner of Market Square. On Market street was Hartford's tavern under old Washington Hall, and further up Market street John Galbraith ran a store. On the east side of North Fourth street Charles Porter's tavern stood, and opposite was John Moreland's tavern. Joseph Beatty's store stood on the northwest corner of Fourth and Market streets. On the opposite corner was Henderson's store, then Thomas Norton's tavern, sign of the 'Black Bear.' Up Market street was John Ward's store, corner of Bank alley above Fourth. James Ayres kept a store on the south side and Colonel Todd had a tavern, sign of the 'Cross Keys,' on the north side. Above Sixth was Davis's tavern, sign of the 'Indian Queen.' On a line north and south of Elliott's tannery property and west thereof there were no houses in the corporate limits except the factory building mill Viers's house. The taverns were licensed, and the stores contained dry goods, groceries, apple and peach brandies, whisky and rum. There were but four wells in the town—at McKinney's saw-mill, Jake Ricart's near Kennyon's shop, the Tommy Gray (now under Bower's cafe), and the 'Titus,' corner of Market and Eighth streets. At that day there were no street crossings on :Market street west of Fourth, but as additions were made to the town. first Fifth street was opened, followed by sixth, Seventh, Eighth and Ninth—the latter being the last street nest in the corporation limits."


Mr. McFeely notes at the time of this interview (1879) that the only houses still found on Market Street built previous to 1814 were the United States Hotel (old Dart), Bazaleel Davis's (opposite corner), Munker's corner, McAlpin's corner (Gill block., Fourth and Market), the Watson house, corner of Bank Alley, east part of Dr. Johnson's corner of Fifth, Jimmy Cooper's cigar store above Fifth, John B. Mandel's meat store—a two-story frame east of Garrett's Hall, Sutherland row built in 1814, and Long's drug store. Since then all have been replaced by other buildings except the United States, the Watson House and a fragment of Sutherland row.


The building of manufactories and opening of stage lines, etc., brought more people wanting homes, resulting in the out-lots being divided, and a new addition of forty-eight lots being laid out by James Ross, north of North Street, and others; but from 1816 to 1831 there is a hiatus. Among the incidents of that time was the


AND REPRESENTATIVE CITIZENS - 367


formation of a local militia company, which was accomplished in 1819, under the name of Steubenville Guards, with the following officers: Nicholas Hutchins, captain; W. Spencer, first lieutenant; Samuel J. De Huff, second lieutenant. Two years after Hutchins was made a colonel and Lieutenant Spencer promoted to the cap taincy. They lasted a number of years, one of their last acts being an escort to Gen. William H. Harrison during his visit to Steubenville, in 1840. During his senatorial term Henry Clay visited Steubenville, and a public dinner was given him at "The Grove." He made a speech on the tariff, followed by James Ross and John C. Wright. Clay toasted Jefferson County: "Its green hills, its flocks and its fleeces, and with the new mills lately started furnishing a home market for the fleecy flocks." During 1820 the old Washington Hall was erected on Market Street, which stood until after the beginning of the Civil War, when Robert Cochran purchased the property and erected a large hotel and business block. Financial embarrassment prevented him from completing the building, which was used as a courthouse during the building of the new structure, 1870-74, after which it remained vacant for a while. Most of the structure finally passed into the hands of the McConville heirs, who finished the building and leased it to Gettzman & Strichmacher, who conducted a hotel for a couple of years. It then passed into the hands of J. Ross Mossgrove, who ran it as the United States Hotel until March 9, 1885, when, during the. latter part of the afternoon, it caught fire, and was entirely destroyed, with the Scott dry goods building adjoining. The ground lay idle for some time,. but was finally occupied by what are now the May & Leopold, McConville and Hawkins Blocks, the Scott site being taken by McConnell & Lyons. During that fire, which, probably with one exception, was the most exciting ever in the city, a fireman named Bickerstaff, who had been immured in the city prison for disorderly conduct, begged to be released to fight the flames, promising to return when the fire was over. His request was granted, and lie was killed by a falling wall. He was given a public funeral.


Steubenville's first recorded cyclone was on the afternoon of February 15, 1820. The weather was very sultry, with heavy clouds, when a volume of wind came down on the brickyard between Sixth and Seventh Streets, south of Market, demolishing the buildings. It then turned to the north, destroying a blacksmith shop on Market Street; then down Market and up Fourth, knocking off the roof and blowing in the gable of Porter's tavern, then performing the same feat at the Kilgore residence, corner of Fourth and Washington. After wrecking some other residences it made for the paper mill, whose lower story was brick and the upper frame. The latter was torn off and "blown into the river. The steamer B. Wells just below lost her chimney. Three fishermen on the river bank—Jack Mitchell, John Trump and and Beany--ran for a rock, but a tree fell on Trump and killed him. On July 4 of the same year, while a keelboat of Wellsburg soldiers was passing the wharf en route to Holliday's Cove, a salute was fired from a swivel gun, in front of which a young son of Major Coughton happened to pass, and he was blown to atoms.


Two subsequent cyclones visited the city —one in 1880, which passed over the northern end of the city, uprooting trees and injuring dwellings; and one in the southern end, in 1908, which damaged several homes, but no person was hurt in either of these storms. As a matter of fact, the city has been in a great measure free from destruction by these elements.


That attention was devoted to dramatic matters was manifest by the organization of a "Thespian Club," composed of Ephraim Root, August Culp, J. D. Slack, Arundel Hill, Dr. Ackerly, Thomas Cole, ,Tames Henry, John Bray, Robert Jollie, E. H. McFeely, James Wilson, William Campbell, P. S. Campbell, Thomas Armi-




368 - HISTORY OF JEFFERSON COUNTY


tage, Samuel McFerren, Francis A. Priest, Fletcher Wampler, Eliphalet Steele, Daniel Viers and William Hazlet. Mr. Culp was stage manager, Slack, prompter; A. Hill, treasurer; and Thomas Cole, scene painter. Quite a number of plays was given to crowded houses, especially at one performance for the benefit of the Greeks in their war against the Turks; but "expenses" absorbed the proceeds, so the money did not go away from town. All who composed that society have passed away.


The Navigator, published in Pittsburgh in 1818, gives the industries in Steubenville in 1817 as follows :


"One woolen factory, worked by steam power, in which are manufactured on an extensive scale, cloths of the finest texture and of the most brilliant and lasting colors; one iron foundry, in which casting of all kinds is performed; one paper mill, of three vats, in which steam power is used; one brewery, in which is manufactured beer, ale, and porter of the first quality ; one steam flour mill, which is kept in continued and profitable operation; one steam cotton factory, in which cloths of an excellent quality are made; one nail factory; two earthenware factories; one tobacco and cigar factory; one wool carding machine; four preachers; six lawyers; five physicians, twenty-seven stores; sixteen taverns; two banks; one printing office; one book bindery; two gunsmiths; one coppersmith; two tinner's shops; thirty-two carpenters; six bricklayers; five masons; five plasterers; four cabinet makers; six blacksmiths; five tailors; four saddlers; three bakers; eight shoe and bootmakers; three wheelwrights; four chair makers; three hatters; three clock and watchmakers; one silversmith; three tanneries; seven schools, three of which are for young ladies; one reed maker; three wagon makers; four coopers, and six butchers. Many other professions are followed which are too tedious to mention. Public Offices.—Register U. S. Land Office. Receiver U. S. Land Office. Collector U. S. Revenue. Collector of non-resident tax for the fifth district. Clerk's Office Supreme Court and Court of Common Pleas. County Commissioners' Office, and Office of Recorder of Deeds. There are several valuable grist mills near Steubenville which send a great deal of flour to New Orleans. The town has a postoffice receiving and discharging the public mail weekly. The fuel used is mineral coal and wood."


Nevertheless the first growth of the town could not have been rapid. The population in 1810 was only 800, but, according to a census ordered by the town council, on February 1, 1817, there were 2,032 inhabitants, at which time there were 453 houses, three churches, a courthouse and a market and town house. Manufacturing had begun in the meantime, making this the liveliest place along the valley. A market house was built on the public square in 1816. It was a one-story structure, being principally a roof resting on brick pillars and arches. In the center was a one-story frame superstructure consisting of a single room, which was used as a mayor's office, council chamber and city headquarters generally. This building stood until 1879, when it was torn down. The place once more remained a public square for about three years, being occupied in 1880 by the Republican "wigwam"; but in 1882, through the exertions of Hon. J. Dunbar and others, the erection of the present city building was begun, and completed the next year, at a cost of $65,000. As late as 1820 Washington Street was but a cowpath; but the low- er end of the town was in better condition, containing the best houses and more of -them. At that time all the churches were south of Market Street.


As an evidence of the patriotism of the citizens and their interest in public affairs, the semi-centennial of the nation's birth, July 4, 1826, was celebrated with imposing demonstrations. Every building was decorated, and the procession was a moving picture of every kind of trade and industry. Nicholas Hutchins was chief marshal, with Col. A. Doyle and P. C. Campbell as aides. Francis Priest and James Russell with drums, and John Buchanan fifer, furnished martial music, and the military was represented by the Steubenville Grays, under command of Captain Spencer. Bezaleel Wells headed the "oldest inhabitants," followed by four, six and eight-horse wagons, representing the various crafts, and Mr. Dickenson's I famous' imported ram Bolivar had a conspicuous place in the procession. Ban- 1 ners, music, shooting, fireworks and speeches concluded the greatest day so far in the city's history.


Steubenville had plenty of cholera in 1832 and 1833, and fresh vegetables were tabooed within the corporation limits; but it was easy for those wanting them to get


AND REPRESENTATIVE CITIZENS - 369


them outside. There was another visitation in 1850, with a larger proportionate loss of life, being fifteen to twenty deaths. As a whole, however, Steubenville escaped better than most of her neighbors along the valley. In 1872, in common with the balance of the country, the city suffered from an epidemic of epizootic among horses, which almost caused a temporary suspension of work by the equine population. This was followed by a smallpox epidemic the following winter, in which the mayor, William T. Campbell, and Marshal William J. Doyle distinguished themselves by their care for the sick, the dying and the dead. With the exception of comparatively mild visitations of ]a grippe. the city has since been singularly free from epidemic diseases.


It has been mentioned that the obi log courthouse first built on that portion of the public square procured from Bezaleel Wells was removed in 1809 to make room for the square brick structure whose cost and dimensions are given below. The entire lower floor was utilized as a court: room, the sheriff having one corner railed off for an office. The upper story was used for probate court, county offices and jury rooms. The roof rose from each side to a common center, terminating in a cupola containing the bell, town clock and surmounted by a. large glass ball, the latter remaining until the Morgan raid, in 1863, when a reckless soldier fired at it, shattering it to pieces. The old jail, built about the time of the original court, remained until 1834, when a new stone jail was erected, under the supervision of David Cable. It was fireproof, and with the wall around the yard contained enough stone to build a bastile, but was always a damp, unwholesome place. New county offices were erected at this time, fronting on Third Street, quarters in the courthouse becoming too small for the increasing business. Subsequently the old Citizens' Bank Building, on the southeast corner of the public square, was purchased for the use of the auditor and treasurer.

A sheriff's house had been previously erected joining the courthouse on the west. A fine iron fence enclosed the grounds, which were planted in grass and trees, making a pleasant oasis in the midst of the city. All this was removed in 1870 to make room for the present structures, additional ground being procured on the north side for their accommodation. The old clock which belonged to the city was purchased by a number of citizens and placed in the tower of St. Peter's Church, oil North Fourth Street, where it remained until that structure was torn down, in 1904, and was not replaced in the new building. The bell was purchased by the Union Cemetery Association and now hangs in the office tower on the grounds of that organization. Owing to failure of contractors and other causes the new county buildings were not completed until the spring of 1874, court being- held meanwhile in the Cochran Hotel Building, and the Cadiz jail utilized for prisoners. The entire cost, including the additional ground, was about $300,000, which was considered reasonable. The .progress of steel construction the last few years has put ,these buildings somewhat out of date, but when erected they were justly considered a triumph of the builder's art. The courthouse was made fireproof throughout, the floors resting on brick arches supported by iron girders. It is built of northern Ohio sandstone, in Romanesque style, with a Greek portico, and has a frontage of 126 feet on Market Street and 96 2/3 feet on Third Street. The basement contains janitor's apartments, furnace rooms and law offices. The first floor has two rooms for county recorder, two for county auditor and commissioners and two for probate judge, all reached by wide corridors. The Height of this story is 161/ feet. On the second floor is the courtroom, 50 x 70 feet, and originally dome shaped to a height of 40 feet to a stained glass skylight. Unfortunately it has been injured and the fireproof character of the building destroyed by a false ceiling, 16 feet below the


370 - HISTORY OF JEFFERSON COUNTY


original height, in the vain hope of improving the accoustics. On this floor are located rooms for the court stenographer. judges, clerk, proseeuting attorney, library and sheriff. On the third floor are two rooms originally intended for the library but now occupied by the county surveyor's force, jury rooms and additional courtrooms. The building. whieh was considered ample whe n erected is already overcrowded. The height of the main building from base to roof is 70 feet, with a tower 81 feet above surmounted by a flagstaff. It contains a clock with eight-foot illuminated dials, the same also operating a dial in the courtroom. In addition to the county bell, the city fire alarm bell is also located here. There is a pretty hedge lawn in front, the original iron fence now surrounding the Washington school grounds. The chief ornament of the front will shortly be the heroic statue of the late lion. Edwin M. Stanton, by Alexander Doyle, which,

with -ase and pedestal, about 18 feet high, will stand directly in front of the main entrance. The courtroom is already graced by two line paintings, one of Hon. E. M. Stanton, by E. F. Andrews, and one of his partners. Col. George W. McCook, by C. P. Filson. These artists have also completed full size portraits of lion. Benjamin Tappan and Hon. J. C. Wright for the same apartment. Directly north of the courthouse and connected with it are the sheriff's dwelling and jail, the former fronting On Third Street and built of red pressed brick, with stone trimmings. It is a convenient ten-room house. In the rear is the two-story brick jail, with three tiers of cells of boiler iron, twenty-seven on the north side for males and nine on the opposite side for females. There is also an execution room (now obsolete), sick room, etc. Plans have been made to reconstruct this building and make it in closer accord with recent advanced ideas in penology.


The year 1834 was memorable for the great frosts, on May 15, 16 and 17, which almost annihilated vegetation in most of the Northern states. :lune 5, 1859, was another date to be remembered in this connection.


In addition to the early taverns mentioned above, Mrs. Butterworth had one on the corner of Third and North Streets; Hugh Brown, public house and ball alley on Third, west side, just above Washington; William Moore, in previous residence of Win. R. Dickenson, on Third Street. north of McGowan's grocery; Thomas Hamilton moved from High and Market to a two-story frame on Fourth Street, site of present Cohen and Ruddick store,: Charles Porter in brick building opposite: Hound Corner. at Third and Adam, Streets. kept by Hill, and later by Kerlin and others: Philip Russell, Mansion House, Washington and Water Streets: Daniel O'Neal. Market and Water; Bernard Armstrong, Water Street, with brewery in rear: James Anderson, Market, above Sixth, moved to frame building on site of National Theater, afterwards kept by .McGuire Doyle; George Dolirman was succeeded in the Washington Hall by N. M. Hutchins. Matthew Roberts and others, and the stage office was removed here from Jenkinson's tavern.


Among the merchants and business men from 1825 to 1840 John Kells kept dry goods and groceries at the southwest corner of Third and Washington Streets: John Orr. northeast corner; James Parks, dry goods in log house on Third Street, after 1840 at southeast corner Fourth and Market ; Eli Dillon. dry goods, Third, near Washington; James Teaff, gunsmith, Third, near Washington; Samuel Wilson. tin and coppersmith. one-story frame. Third, above Market; Bell & Moore, David Betts, dry goo is, Third Street; Valentine Owesney, grocery and notions, Third Street, afterwards Fourth Street; B. F. Osborne, saddles; Capt. William Spencer, dry goods, Third; Martin Andrews, whole-tile grocer, Third, afterwards Market and Court Streets; Samuel Page, iron store, Market Square; John England, tin store, Third and Market Square; John Eberlein, baker and confectioner; Samuel M. Lane,


AND REPRESENTATIVE CITIZENS - 371


iron store, Third; James and William Dougherty, Third and Market; David McGowan, groceries, Third, above Market; Dr. Thomas Johnson, drugs, Third; Hamel & Dike, dry goods, Third; James Algeo, dry goods ; Dike & Laughlin, later Laughlin & Bell, Third and Market ; Alexander McMechen, dry goods, Third and Market; H. & R. Permar, dry goods, South Third, in a frame building; John Ward, drug store in frame building, corner of Jail Alley and Market Street, and later Hooker & Watt had dry goods store in same building, afterwards removed and three-story brick erected for Martin Andrews' wholesale grocery, subsequently Holloway's grocery and Maxwell & Henry's fruit house; William Kilgore, hardware store in one-story frame building on northeast corner Fourth and Market Streets, bought by Hugh Sterling in 1835 and moved by him to the corner of Fourth and Adams Streets and used as a dwelling and weave shop, then moved farther down Adams Street and still used as a dwelling, three-story brick erected on Kilgore lot, still standing; Mr. Lennox, leather store, southwest corner of Fourth and Market, 1830 Mr. Beatty, store and dwelling, northwest corner Fourth and Market, two-story brick ; Henry Phillips, stone yard, southeast corner Sixth and Market, under shade of large elm tree, did stone work for water works in 1835. Edward Frohman estabiished first clothing store in 1847 at southeast corner Third and Market, present Munker block. Hobson & Henning carried on commission business in frame building on lower Market Street, opposite Means's flour mill.


By 1850 the town had reached a population of 6,000, and it was considered high time to incorporate it as a city. Accordingly the next year the Legislature passed an act of incorporation, with the following boundaries : "Beginning at the northwest corner of Viers's first addition to the town of Steubenville, thence in an easterly direction to a point where the north line of Washington Street intersects the west line of the alley, or the western boundary of the original plot of Steubenville; thence northwardly along said western line of said alley to the northwest corner of North Street; thence eastwardly along the north line of said North Street to the southwest corner of Joseph C. Spencer's lot (now St. Stanislaus Church property) ; thence with said lot northwardly to the northwest corner thereof ; thence eastwardly to the northwest corner of William Collier's lot; thence north nineteen degrees east, across the lands of Jephtha L. Holton, James Frazier, Daniel Kilgore, M. M. Laughlin, Joseph M. Mason (now McCook) and R. S. Moody into the lands of S. D. Hunter, to a point 13 perches from said Hunter's house ; thence north 71 degrees west 11 perches ; thence north 19 degrees east, parallel to Seventh Street, to William McLaughlin's line; thence along said McLaughlin's line between him and Eberlein, to a point where said McLaughlin & Eberlein's lands corner on Stony Hollow tract; thence north 511/2 degrees east, 40 perches, to an elm tree on the west side of the river road, corner to land of William Kilgore and the Stony Hollow tract; thence with said Kilgore's line to the river; thence down the river to a point in Samuel Stokely's line 20 8/10 perches from the southeast corner of J. Bond's lot; thence west by said Bond's line to the Fourth Street road ; thence with the line of said road to the southeast corner of the graveyard lots ; thence with said graveyard lots westwardly to the Fifth Street road; thence so as to include the land of Thomas Horsefield, to the line of the Wells tract; thence with said Wells line to the land of A. H. Dohrman; thence along said Wells's and Dohrman's 6 perches ; thence north 19 degrees east to the line of B. Tappan, Jr.'s outlot ; thence with the outer boundary of said town, according to the Original Plat and the several additions, to the place of beginning."


Roughly speaking, this includes all the land lying between Stony Hollow on the north and Wells's Run on the south, the


372 - HISTORY OF JEFFERSON COUNTY


river on the east and an irregular line along the hillsides on the west, embracing an area of about 600 acres. This was divided into four wards by the intersection of Market and Fourth Streets, the southeast portion being the first ward, the southwest the second, the northwest the third, and the northeast the fourth. The government of the city was vested in a council, composed of two members from each ward, with mayor, clerk, treasurer, marshal and such other officers as should afterwards be required.


In November, 1871, considerable territory was added to the city by the county commissioners, under a general act of the Legislature, brnging the area up to 1,676 acres. The southern line began at the river bank just below what was then known as the Borland shaft. It proceeded up the hill

somewhat irregularly via the Nicholson farm and along the hillside up Wells's Run to the foot of England or Coal Hill ; thence crossing the run it came eastwardly, taking in a narrow strip of bottom land, to t he Union Cemetery, and thence to and out Market Street road, taking in a strip on each side ; thence up Brady's Lane to Franklin Avenue extension ; thence over the bilk, reaching the river directly through a little brick house still standing above what was known as the Bustard This necessitated a readjustment of the wards, the First, Second, Third and Fourth were intersected by Market Street and Bank Alley or Alley C, and retained their old relative positions, but all north of Ross Street became the Fifth Ward, and all south of Wells's Run the Sixth.

This arrangement lasted until 1902, when the Supreme Court of the state, having declared the previous legislative classification of cities, towns and villages unconstitutional, an act was passed providing that the legislative power of cities of the population of Steubenville should be vested in a council of seven members, four of whom should be elected by wards, and three from the city at large. This necessitated a. rearrangement of the city wards and a reduction of their number to four. This was done by council, all that part of the city lying below South Street being made the First Ward, between that and Market the Second, between Market and Dock the Third, and all above that the Fourth. The First, Third and Fourth were divided in three election precincts each, and the Second into two, making eleven in the city. The executive authority was vested in a mayor, president of council, auditor, treasurer, solicitor, department of. public service, department of public safety, all of whom except the latter were made elective. A more cumbersome and expensive scheme of government for small cities could scarcely be imagined, and in 1908 the Legislature amended the law, abolishing, the boards and providing that the mayor should appoint a single director of public service and one of public safety. At this writing, the courts are wrestling with the problem as to whether the amendment took effect on August 1, 1909, or ran to January 1, 1910.


FROM WET TO DRY.


The manufacture, vending and use of intoxicants in pioneer days was looked upon generally as a matter of course. The demands of vigorous outdoor life, the sparseness of the community, the ease with which practically unsalable grain could be converted into a product at once easily transported and always convertible into cash, fostered a trade which, along with its evils, was a means of providing comforts for many a home that would otherwise have been sadly lacking, went far to condone a traffic of admitted evil tendency. But that tendency was not so bad in pioneer days as it afterwards became. While a sot existed here and there, the community as a whole was temperate. The master of the house might keep distilled liquors on his sideboard, but it did not follow that he drank to excess or permitted his guests to do so. Then the liquors being home-made were universally pure, and life was not shortened or reason dethroned by deleteri-


AND REPRESENTATIVE CITIZENS - 373


ous drugs. The strenuous life of the pioneer was itself an incentive to temperance in all things, of which the use of alcoholic liquors was not the least. But as the community grew older and more populous, and there was a "leisure class" among the youth of the town, the multiplication of public drinking places and the excessive use of liquors indicated a growing evil. Hence, as early as 1828 we hear of movements to check the use of intoxicants, moral suasion alone being relied upon, nobody then thinking of regulation or prohibition. One of the first movers in this direction was the late Rev. C. C. Beatty, and it is related that he fathered a call for a public meeting at the Court House in 1830, but the county commissioners, not looking with favor on the new movement, refused to open the building for that purpose. The cause does not. seem to have been very active until about 1845, when what was known as the Washingtonian movement swept over the country. The City Temperance Society, as it was called, took up the work with enthusiasm. Then came the "Sons of Temperance Society," "Temple of Honor Encampment," "Independent Order of Good Templars" and others. The longest lived of these organizations seems to have been the Republican Temple of Honor, which was instituted January 12, 1848, with the following charter members : B. D. Worthington, William Doyle, James Keith, Jr., Isaac McDonald, R. S. Moody, David Hull, James H. Blinn, Rezin Merriman, John McFeely, Thomas Sterling, A. D. Fisher, McGuire Doyle, William St. Clair, John C. Huston, James Kelley, Robert S. Thompson, Robert C. Hull, E. G. McFeeley and 0. A. Worthington. J. H. Lindsay and J. H. Hawkins were afterwards active members of this organization, and another active worker outside the society was Rev. Joseph Buchanan. There seems to have been what was known a.s Union Council, No. 2, of Royal and Select Masters of the State of Ohio, in 1839, but the charter was lost and on May 18, 1866,, a new council was organized, with thirty-two charter members. Steuben Social, No. 7, composed of the gentler sex, was instituted in 1850. These orders assembled for many years in the Gallagher building, South Fourth Street, but dissolved a few years since.


From this time on there was not a winter in which public meetings were not held, addresses made, and pledges signed, generally of total abstinence. There was no marked movement, however, until the fall of 1873, when a band of praying women exercised sufficient influence to close the saloons in Washington Court House, in this state. From there the movement spread rapidly over the state, and reached Jefferson County, especially Steubenville, in full force. Daily meetings were held, and each afternoon and evening there was visible a long procession of women marching along the streets until some saloon was reached, and if permission was given to enter it was accepted, otherwise the crowd would kneel on the streets and pour forth fervent petitions for the saloonkeeper and for the discontinuance of his business. It was very properly called the Women's Crusade there was systematic picketing, and as a result there was a material falling off in the saloon business. Only two or three of the saloons, however, quit business, and to close the others more than moral suasion was necessary. At that time among the powers granted municipal councils by the Legislature was the right to regulate, restrain and prohibit ale, beer and porter houses, the selling of spirituous liquors to be drunk on the premises being already prohibited by a statute which was practically a dead letter. Pressure was accordingly brought to bear on the council, with such success that a prohibitory ordinance was passed, to take effect April 1, 1874, when the ringing of the bells announced the closing of all the saloons in the city. The leaders in this movement, in order to conserve the effects of public sentiment created by the crusade and to aid in making their victory lasting, determined to form a permanent organization, and on


374 - HISTORY OF JEFFERSON COUNTY


March 2, 1874, met in the First Presbyterian Church and organized a local branch of the Women's Christian Temperance Union, which had already been inaugurated in other parts of the state. The following officers were elected : President, Mrs. James Sterling; recording secretary, Mrs. John W. Holliday; corresponding secretary, Miss Emma Spaulding; treasurer, Mrs. L. R Layton. The following year a: state organization was formed at Cleveland, with which the local union united, from which it has spread over this and other countries. Besides prohibition the union has taken up other subjects, such as Sunday observance and Sunday school work, school instruction as to the effect of alcohol, flower missions, social purity, etc. Mrs. Sterling was succeeded as president by Mrs. Dr. Grimes, Mrs. M. M. K. White, Miss Julia Galloway, who was also secretary for a number of years, and Mrs. B. N. Lindsey. Others prominent in the work were Mrs. Sarah Van Meter, Mrs. M. S. Stokely, Mrs. C. H. Spaulding, Mrs. Mary Bynon Reese, Mrs. Owens, Mrs. E. D. Ledyard, Mrs. Webb, Mrs. Hamilton, Mrs. Kidd, Miss Elizabeth Johnson and Mrs. .James Gregg. The local union was the first to nominate women for members of boards of education. It was found difficult, however, to keep up the tension necessary to enforce an ordinance of this character, and it was evaded by personal liberty clubs, so called, and other devices, until it amounted to little. The ensuing fall there was a reaction in politics, and the Republicans, who had endorsed the stringent enforcement of the liquor laws, were swept out of power and a Democratic Legislature elected on a platform opposed to "sumptuary legislation." The power of councils to prohibit saloons was promptly rescinded and once more things were wide open. The evil was too manifest, however, to be suffered to spread without resistance, and we again had resource to moral influence, such as the Murphy movement, blue and red ribbon, etc. At the same time the sentiment in favor of more stringent regulation was becoming stronger, and as the state Constitution forbid the issuing of license, advantage was taken of the police power to levy a special tax on each saloon, by which it was hoped that the number would be reduced so that it would be easier to regulate the balance, and in addition yield an extra revenue as at least partial compensation for the evil caused. The original tax was $100 per annum for ale and beer saloons and $250 for distilled liquors, but this distinction was soon abolished. The first act, known as the Pond law, was declared unconstitutional by the courts, but a substitute was adopted, which stood the test, and high taxation became the policy of the state. The amount was gradually increased until the figure reached $1,000 per annum. This operated pretty generally in keeping saloons out of the rural districts, but they still flourished in the cities. The next step was the passage of an act by which a township, municipality, or part thereof, could by vote prohibit the sale of liquors within its limits. Under this act practically all the townships in Jefferson County and nearly all the municipalities outside of Steubenville and Mingo had gradually become "dry" territory. In order to bring the cities in it was necessary to have county local option, and accordingly, what was known as the Rose law was enacted for this purpose. Under that law a special election was held on November 22, 1908, in which the county as a whole gave 7,020 votes in favor of prohibition, and 5,200 against it, making a majority in its favor of 1,820. Steubenville voted 617 against prohibition and Mingo 56 against, but that was of no avail to offset the heavy adverse majorities in the country districts. Since December 23, 1908, the city has been dry—that is, so far as open saloons are concerned, and while different causes contributed to this result, the main influence is to be ascribed to the persistent and continuous work of the W. C. T. U.