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In 1821 the number of members belonging to the Church had increased to two hundred and ten. This is the largest number recorded as being in connection with the Church at any one time.


September, 1823, forty-four were dismissed to be organized into a separate Church in the township of Hartford. February, 1825, twenty-one were dismissed to be organized into a Church in the township of Gustavus. Others were dismissed as Churches were eon_ stituted in other adjoining townships, so that its numbers were diminished until in 1831, after the formation of a separate Church in Kinsman, there were only about seventy-five left to the Vernon Church.


Mr. Coe has recorded during his pastorate the solemnization of one hundred and seven marriages. The perquisites amount to two hundred and fifty dollars; a considerable sum in the aggregate, although averaging less than two dollars and fifty cents each. Only one, Mr. Adam Wright, of Mercer, Pa., gave the generous sum of ten dollars ; seven others gave five dollars each, a few each three dollars, the remainder two dollars and under, and one, in a border State, the promise of a peck of potatoes.


Mr. Coe has recorded two hundred and sixty deaths, together with their causes, occurring within the field of his labor during his pastorate. Noting the ages of the deceased, one is struck with the small number of the aged, and the large number of infants and children ten years and under. Only five passed beyond fourscore, ten died between seventy and eighty, twelve between sixty and seventy, seven between fifty and sixty, ten between forty and fifty, fourteen between thirty and forty, fifteen between twenty and thirty, and fifteen between ten and twenty. The ages of some fourteen are not recorded. If we place these among those upward of ten years, as most of them are known from the record to have been, it will make the number above ten years one hundred and three, leaving one hundred and fifty-seven infants and children under ten years of age. This large proportion of deaths among the young was doubtless owing to the hardships and exposures necessarily incident to the settlement of a country like the Western Reserve.


There were several sudden and violent deaths, and not a few fell by the scourge of intemperance. Phineas Coe, four years old, was killed instantly by the fall of a limb when going to school. A son of Calvin Andrews, of Gustavus, was drowned. Three children of 31r. Zaphna Stone, of Kinsman, were drowned in a spring a little south of the parsonage corner by their insane mother. Silas Cossit went to


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bed in his usual health and was found dead in the morning. Daniel Clark, tying the halter of a horse he was leading round his arm, was pulled from the one he was riding, and dragged nearly half a mile, till life was extinct. Joseph, son of William and Mary Christy, was killed by lightning when returning from a field where he had been at work. Twenty-five deaths from dysentery during 1825, about equally divided between Kinsman and Vernon, are recorded. One fell from a building in a state of intoxication and was killed; another was found in his sleigh dead, and another was found in his bed dead from the same cause.


A large proportion of all the cases of discipline in the Church were occasioned by the free use of intoxicating drinks, and more were cut off from the Church for intemperance than from all other causes combined. Near the beginning of the temperance agitation, as early as January, 1829, the subject of intemperance was laid before the Church by the pastor, and, after an interesting discussion, it was resolved, by a large majority, that we and our families, so far as we can control them, will abstain entirely from the use of ardent spirits, except as a medicine, until the next annual meeting of the Church. This was not a fruitless experiment; for, at the end of the year, a number who had practiced according to the resolution of the preceding January, were convinced from their own experience that ardent spirits are never useful to those in health. A temperance society was then and there formed, and many of the brethren and sisters of the Church became members of it, the first, so far as we are informed, in this section of the country. Thus the temperance reform originated here as well as elsewhere in the Church, through its ministers, officers, and earnest members; not that all who belong to it are consistent temperance men. This reform has been a growth both within and without the Church. Its principles are in harmony with the spirit of the Gospel, and it has ever found its most earnest supporters in the Church of Christ.


At this same meeting "the prevailing profanations of the Sabbath" were laid before the Church, and, after a discussion, it was "Resolved, unanimously, that we approve of the 'American Association' for promoting the sanctity of the Sabbath, and will endeavor to use our influence for the more strict and sacred observance of it among


Nor was the religious training and instruction of the young neglected by the Church. As early as 1816, Deacon Matthews, Sutliff,


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and Brockway were appointed a committee to assist the pastor in visiting and instructing the children, especially the baptized children of the Church. It is believed that this practice of caring for the religious instruction of the young was carried out in the pastorate of Mr. Coe.


In 1828, A. Griswold, John Andrews, J. Burnham, Geo. Swift/ and Benj. Allen, with the pastor, were appointed a committee to make arrangements for the organization of a Sabbath-school in Kinsman. The committee was authorized to appropriate so much of the Church funds now in the hands of Deacon Griswold as they may judge expedient to promote the interests of the Sabbath-school. Thus this institution was organized in Kinsman in connection with the Church, and ever since has been a part of its life. Geo. Swift, Esq., if not its first, was very early one of its most efficient superintendents.


June 20, 1816, Wm. Matthews was appointed deacon from the Kinsman branch of the Church. March 1, 1819, Abram Griswold was elected deacon, and set apart to that office the following Sabbath, March 7, 1819. On the 25th of April, 1828, Jedediah Burnham was chosen one of the deacons of the Church, and set apart to the office July 4, 1828. Mr. Coe was the acting clerk of the Church after his settlement, and Deacon Griswold its treasurer.


The year of Mr. Coe's settlement the first frame church was erected in Kinsman, and is said to have been the first on the Reserve. An unsightly remnant of the .building could be seen in the grove at the crossing of the State and Gustavus Roads as late as 1850, when it was torn down by Dr. Allen. That location was selected more especially as accommodating the people of Gustavus, who up to 1825 worshiped with the Kinsman congregation. For the time it was a neat and commodious building, and, though plain, was perhaps as expensive in proportion to the means of the people as the more costly one that succeeded it. When first built some thought it larger than was needed; but it was soon found to be too strait for the growing congregation. Its low ceiling and crowded state made it an uncomfortable house for the preacher, and was believed by Mr. Coe to have been injurious to his health.


Mr. Coe's labors from his first settlement to the time of his dismissal were abundant and severe. They were not confined to the three townships of Vernon, Hartford, and Kinsman. Gustavus became a part of his field. Besides he often preached in neighboring towns destitute of a settled ministry.


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Mr. Coe was one of the founders of Western Reserve College, and one of its first board of trustees, and continued in that office until near the time of his death. He was active in procuring funds for its endowment both at home and abroad, in choosing its early presiding officers and the members of its faculty, and was deeply interested in its management and prosperity. If he at length came to differ from its president and the majority of its governing board, and would have preferred a policy less anticipative of funds not yet realized, the result has not proved him to have erred in judgment.


The protracted and severe labors of Mr. Coe during his pastorate of sixteen years at length seriously impaired his health, and was the occasion of the dissolution of the pastoral relation so long and happily existing between him and the Vernon and Kinsman congregations. The mutual request of pastor and people for this dissolution was granted by the action of Trumbull Presbytery, November 26, 1830.


As a preacher of the Gospel Mr. Coe was possessed of more than ordinary power. His sermons were not distinguished for literary excellence, nor his delivery for the graces of elocution, but, what was of far more consequence, he reached the heart and the conscience of his hearers. His preaching was direct, pointed, practical, and characterized by an uncommon earnestness of manner and force of expression. He was Calvinistic in his views of doctrine. Some may have thought him an extremist; but, however this may be, he never preached a fatalistic and Antinomian Gospel. None set the standard of Gospel requirement higher than he did, and none who sat under his preaching but must have been stirred to an active compliance with its terms. He preached the terrors of the law with great plainness; but it was only that Christ might be more clearly and effectually revealed as the Savior of sinners. He was a corporate member of the "American Board," and as its agent during a period of some fifteen years was uncommonly successful in raising funds and in many other ways promoting its interests. Positive, practical, and earnest, it would not be strange that in the path of life and duty he should meet others equally positive and earnest, and that there should be to some extent a conflict of views and plans. But as time passes on, and the mists of passion and prejudice clear away, it is believed that his life work on the Reserve will rank with that of the foremost of its early ministers. He rests from his labors, and his works do follow him.


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ORGANIZATION OF THE CONGREGATIONAL AND PRESBYTERIAN CHURCH

IN KINSMAN.


At the time of Mr. Coe's dismissal, 1830, the township of Kinsman man was mostly cleared and settled. Its first rude log buildings had given place to frame ones more costly and commodious. There began to be developed a disposition among the people to seek the settlement of a minister for his whole time among themselves, and •steps were taken with that view.


Some fifty members of the Hartford, Vernon, and Kinsman Church, according to their own request, had been dismissed, for the purpose of being organized into a Church in Kinsman. These members met in the school-house near Mr. John Kinsman's, February 7, 1831. The Rev. Wells Andrews, of Hartford, being present, was chosen moderator of the meeting, and Jedediah Burnham clerk.


A certificate was presented that the following persons had been regularly dismissed from the Vernon Church to form a Church in Kinsman : George Swift, Olive D. Swift, Jedediah Burnham, Sophia Burnham, Laura Smith, John Andrews, Hannah Andrews, Linus Parker, Levi Matthews, Jedediah Burnham, M. D., John Christy, Stella H. Cone, George Matthews, Augustine Ford, Susanna Ford, Rebecca Kinsman, William Matthews, Adaline C. Griswold, Riverius Bidwell, Eunecia Bidwell, Gilbert Palmer, Sally Palmer, William Scott, Rachel Scott, Dora Case, Tirza Case, Obed Gilder, William Christy, Mary Christy, Eleanor Matthews, Nancy Matthews, Peter Allen, Charity Allen, Lucretia Crocker, Abram Griswold, Cornelia Griswold, Lois Allen, Benjamin Allen, Lydia Allen, Mary Matthews, James Laughlin, Joseph M'Michael, Jr., Lovel Parker, Hannah Parker, David Parker, Benjamin Parker, Elizabeth Parker, Henry Lillie, Lemuel Newton, Eunice Newton.


It was voted that the meeting proceed to form a Church, to be called the First United Congregational and Presbyterian Church in Kinsman, whereupon the above-named persons were formed into a Church state.


Jedediah Burnham was chosen standing clerk, Abram Griswold treasurer. William Matthews, Abram Griswold, and Jedediah Burnham were appointed deacons of the Church.


The following persons were chosen its first Standing Committee : James Laughlin, Benjamin Allen, William Scott, William Christy, George Swift.


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Its Confession of Faith, in thirteen Articles, and Church Covenant were substantially the same as those in common use in the ‘‘ Orthodox Congregational" Churches of the Reserve and elsewhere. Its "Articles of Practice" adopted the "Plan of Union," enjoined upon its members the duty of family worship, the religious instruction and training of the young, and special attention of the Church to her baptized children.


The following persons, residents of Kinsman, were at their own request dismissed from the Vernon Church, August 23, 1831, and their names transferred to the Church in Kinsman, after assenting to its "Articles of Faith and Covenant :" Isaac Meacham, Anna Meacham, Jarius Brockett, Hannah Brockett, Mrs. Seth Perkins, Nancy Lossee, Nancy Matthews, Simon Fobes, Elizabeth Fobes, Francis Allen, Eliza Allen, Ebenezer Webber, Amanda Webber, Franklin Buell, Ezra Buell, Electa Ford, Betsey Miller, Abraham Griffin, Phalla Griffin, Sally Reeve.


Thus the First Congregational and Presbyterian Church in Kinsman was fully organized, and consisted of seventy-one members.


A little previous to the formation of the Church, about the close of 1830, the Rev. Isaac M'Ilvaine visited Kinsman, and spent a few weeks in ministerial labor with the people. It was under his influence, and with the mutual understanding that he would take the pastoral oversight of the Church, that steps were taken for its formation, as we have narrated above. Mr. M'Ilvaine was at this time young in the ministry, having graduated a few years before at Carlisle, Penn., and Princeton Theological Seminary, and spent a short time as pastor in the Presbyterian Church at Lansingburg, N. Y. He received a cordial and unanimous call from the Church and congregation in Kinsman to become their pastor.


After returning East, Mr. M'Ilvaine accepted the call, and in ,May, 1831, left Newark, N. J., and with his family arrived in Kinsman in the course of a few weeks, and commenced his pastoral labors. His congregation overflowed the old house of worship, and the Winter following, 1831-2, preparations began to be made for erecting a new and larger house of worship. In the course of the Summer the work on the church was begun, finished ; and it still stands, after upwards of forty years, the most costly and conspicuous public building in the township.


The cost of the building was not far from four thousand dollars. One quarter of the expense was defrayed by Mrs. R. Kinsman, who also gave the bell some years later. The house was first occupied as


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a place of worship the second Sabbath of August, 1833. Communion in it was on the Sabbath following.


During Mr. M'Ilvaine's labors in Kinsman, a period of something over five years, including several interruptions, with a view of re.. storing impaired health, ninety or more were added to the Church, fifteen of which number were by letter. Of the above number, more than sixty were added just at the close of Mr. M'Ilvaine's labors, as the result of a " protracted meeting" of twelve days, in which the pastor was assisted by the Rev. Lucius Foot, an evangelist of considerable notoriety on the Reserve at that time.


SETTLEMENT OF REV. H. B. ELDRED.


During a period of about two years, after the failure of Mr. M'Ilvaine's health, the Church in Kinsman was without a pastor, and most of the time without preaching. There had been one or two candidates in the mean time, but no one on whom the people were united.


In the Spring of 1838, Mr. Eldred, having a little before graduated at Yale and completed the theological seminary course of study at New Haven, came to the Western Reserve. An invitation, from the "Committee of Supply," to spend a short time in Kinsman was accepted, and six weeks of labor, beginning with the first Sabbath in June, 1838, were pleasantly passed with the Church and congregation, resulting in the reception of a unanimous call to become the pastor of the Church and congregation. This call was accepted, and labor as a supply was begun the first Sabbath of October, 1838.


On the 8th of November, 1838, Ordination and Installation Services were held in the church, and Mr. Eldred was ordained to the Gospel ministry, and placed over the Kinsman Church and congregation by the action of Trumbull Presbytery. L. P. Hickok, D. D., of Western Reserve College, afterward President of Union College, New York, preached the sermon. President Pierce, D. D., of Western Reserve College, made the installing prayer and addressed the people. Rev. Benjamin Fenn gave the charge to the pastor, and Rev. O. S. Eells gave the right hand of fellowship. This was the first ordination and installation in the township, and the .first installation of a minister over the Kinsman Congregational and Presbyterian Church.


Mr. Eldred's pastorate continued a little over thirty-five years. Its first years followed the memorable division of the Presbyterian Church, 1837-38. And its last years included the healing of the


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breach then made, and the union of the two bodies into one. The intervening period was much of it one of restless dissatisfaction and general discussion and agitation in the Churches and congregations of the Western Reserve. Many Churches were divided, many ministers unsettled. And it was not until the institution of slavery was swept away in the late "Civil War," that at length a period of quietness and prosperity began to dawn upon the Churches. Not far from two hundred joined the Church during this pastorate, three- fourths or more by profession. A few left to form with others a strictly Congregational Church in Gustavus.


The pastorate of Mr. Eldred, so long and happily existing, was, at his request, the congregation consenting, dissolved April, 1874, by the action of Mahoning Presbytery at Canton, Ohio.


METHODIST EPISCOPAL CHURCH IN KINSMAN.


The first class of the Methodist Episcopal Church in Kinsman was formed about 1832, soon after the occupancy of the Presbyterian house of worship, then just completed. Several families belonging to the Presbyterian Church and congregation, being dissatisfied with the location of the new church, withdrew, and united with other families of the township, whose preferences were with that Church, and formed the first class. Soon after, a small house of worship was erected on the ground now occupied by the dwelling of Aaron Fobes,' Esq. This, about 1860, was removed to the place where it now stands, on the Gustavus road, a little west of the Meadville road The society has just erected, and recently dedicated, March 5, 1876, a new and beautiful house of worship, on a lot nearly opposite the Presbyterian parsonage, at an expense of eight thousand five hundred dollars. The present membership of the Church is about sixty.


ASSOCIATE PRESBYTERIAN CHURCH.


Among the early settlers of Kinsman were several Presbyterian families from the northern part of Scotland, who settled mostly in the eastern part of the township, not far from the Pennsylvania State line. These families belonged to the Associate Presbyterian congregations of Shenango and Greenville, Penn., to about 1840. In May, 1843, at the school-house on the Greenville road, near Mr. David Brackin, they were, by act of Presbytery, organized into the "Associate Presbyterian Church, of Kinsman." The session elected at that time consisted of Messrs. David Brackin, Robert Gillis, and Robert King.


Names of the Original Members.—Walter Davis, Rachel Davis,


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Andrew Christy, Elizabeth Christy, Sarah Christy, James J. Christy Alex. Waid, Eleanor Waid, Wm. Waid, Martha Waid, Ezekiel Brackin, Samuel Kyle, Jane Kyle, Mary A. Buell, Robert King, Isa. bella King, Elizabeth King, John King, Sarah King, David Brackin, Clarissa Brackin, Eliza Brackin, Mary Brackin, James Westby, Jane Westby, Thomas Gillis, Mary Gillis, James M'Connel, John Davis, Elizabeth Davis, J. S. Mossman, Rachel Mossman, Robert Gillis, Mary Gillis, James Fletcher, Mary Fletcher, James Davis, Sarah Davis.


The congregation worshiped for some time in the school-house, near Mr. Brackin's, and in the "Town House," when not occupied by the Methodists.


The Rev. D. H. A. M'Lean, D. D., was the first pastor of the Church, beginning his pastoral labors in May, 1845. This relation continued six years, during which time a house of worship was erected near the center of the township, and occupied in 1848. Mr. M'Lean was dismissed in 1851, and the same year the Rev. Wm. Bruce began his labors with the congregation, who, in the capacity of "stated supply" and pastor, continued six years. After his release the congregation was unsupplied for nearly two years. The third and last pastor was the Rev. T. J. Kennedy, whose term of service extended from 1859 to 1866.


After the union of the Associate Presbyterian and the Associate siReformed Presbyterian Churches of North America, in May, 1859, this congregation was known as the United Presbyterian Church in Kinsman. J. S. Mossman, Jas. J. Christy, J. Johnston, and John M'Granahan were elected members of the session at various times. The Church has never been formally disorganized, though from deaths and removals it is without a session, and has been unable to support public worship since 1873.


PROTESTANT EPISCOPAL CHURCH.


The Protestant Episcopal Church in Kinsman was incorporated, according to an act of the Legislature of the State of Ohio, May 18, 1863, under the name of the "Parish of Grace Church, Kinsman."


Names of the original corporators. : John R. Stanhope, R. P. Will- iams, Robert Wallace, John T. Yeomans, A. J. Clark, Mrs. M. A. Barnard, Mrs. L. Moore, Mrs. R. Meacham, C. R. Stanhope, Albert Yeomans, Lorenzo Moore, Henry Barnard, Sabra Miller, Isaac Meacham, James Kennedy, Robert Brackin, Mrs. C. Fitch, Haynes French, John Fee, Miss H. C. Stanhope, Simpson Cowden, Horatio Fobes, Charles Fitch, Mrs. C. S. Clarck, G. B. Miller.


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The first vestry, elected June 3, 1863, were John R. Stanhope, saac Meacham;. wardens, Lorenzo Moore, Albert Yeomans, and Charles R. Stanhope.


A neat and commodious house of worship was erected by Captain J. R. Stanhope in 1863, situated a little west of the Presbyterian Church; and on the same lot, soon after, a parsonage, which, together with five acres of land adjoining, were so conveyed, for the benefit of the Church, that the property can not be encumbered or sold so long as the organization is kept up and the taxes are paid.


H, C. Hamilton Dudley was the first rector of the Church. Thomas Corlette was the second rector, who resigned March 19, 1868. Rev. L. B. Moore was the next rector. Rev. W. H. Dean began labor as rector July 14, 1870, and continued until August 13, 1871. Rev. Mr. Bollard officiated as missionary from January, 1872, until May of the same year. The present rector, George S. Davis, has been With the Church nearly three years.


Elections of vestrymen have been continued regularly on the first Monday after Easter each year. The present (1876) vestrymen are David Kay, Luman G. Moore, Charles Fitch, Jacob H. Baldwin, and H. Barnard, wardens—the last two being the only male communicants. The whole number is not far from twenty members.


CEMETERIES.


The first, called the " OLD CEMETERY," on the corner adjoining the Presbyterian Church lot, was selected as a place of burial by Mr. Kinsman, the proprietor of the township, on occasion of the first death in the township, 1804. It was deeded by Mr. John Kinsman to the "First Congregational and Presbyterian Society" about 1832. In practice it has always been considered the common burial place of the township, and in 1874 was conveyed by the Society to the township, to be cared for by it and under its control. It is without order, having never been laid out into family lots, although families have been buried in groups so far as convenient. Since the laying out of the new cemetery, the remains of some few have been removed to it.


The KINSMAN CEMETERY ASSOCIATION was incorporated in 1858. Its first trustees were Thomas Kinsman, Albert Yeomans, Dudley Allen, John Christy, L. P. Andrews. Its first purchase consisted of from three to four acres of beautifully rolling land adjoining the Presbyterian Church lot on the east. This has been laid off into lots, with


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convenient walks and drive ways, and improved by grading and a large number of ornamental and shade trees. Two additions of two acres each have since been made on the north side of the Cemetery.


The lots first laid out were sixteen by thirty-six feet, and were quickly taken at sixteen dollars each. Those laid out afterward are sixteen by twenty-four feet, and have been steadily called for at prices varying from twenty to twenty-five dollars each. A number of substantial and beautiful monuments have been erected on several family lots.


CIVIL WAR.


The annals of Kinsman would be incomplete were we to omit the part taken by her citizens in the late civil war. It is believed that no township on the Reserve of the same population did her duty in that trying hour more promptly and nobly than Kinsman. Her soldiers were to be found on well-nigh every battle-field of the country, wherever dangers were to be met or hardships endured. They participated in the memorable battles of Antietam, Gettysburg, Pea Ridge, Cynthiana, Chancellorville, Knoxville, Nashville, Chattanooga, Mission Ridge, Atlanta, and the long series of marches and battles from Atlanta to Savannah and north to Charleston, Columbus, and Richmond, and the many battles in the Wilderness, and the long siege of the Confederate capitol.


The remains of thirteen who fell in battle or died of wounds and sickness in various hospital's and places were brought back, and lie in honored soldiers' graves in our cemetery. A yet larger number of the fallen have their graves in the South. Of some, the last that is known of them is that they were in the hands of the rebels. Some died in Southern prisons; some escaped and got back after great sufferings; others came home crippled and wounded; but most have returned to their homes and citizen duties to enjoy the fruit of their toils and exposures in the consciousness of having done their duty in the time of their country's need.


Allen W. Gillis, Amos F. Gillis, Anderson Gillis, Henry C. Simons, Allen E. Simons, Joab M. Runyan, and Samuel Spencer were the first volunteers of Kinsman. These enlisted at the center of Williamsfield in Company B, Twenty-third Regiment Ohio Volunteers, under G. R. Giddings, son of Hon. J. R. Giddings, raised under the first call for three-years men. They reported at Jefferson, Ashtabula County, June 1, 1861, and left the next day for Columbus. A.


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F. Gillis was appointed sergeant at Jefferson. The twenty-third was the first three-years regiment formed in the State, and built the first barracks at Camp Chase. Says Lieutenant A. W. Gillis:


" We left for the seat of war July 29, 1861, under command of Col. Scammon. First battle in which we were victors: Carnafax Ferry, Va., September 10, 1861. Other engagements were, Giles Courthouse, May 10, 1862; South Mountain, Md., September 14, 1862; Antietam, Md., September 17, 1862—here A. J. Gillis was wounded in the hand; Hockingport, O., July 18, 1863; Cloyd Mountain, Va., May 9, 1864—here H. C. Simons was killed; New Bridge, May 10, 1864 ; Lexington, Va., June 10, 1864; Lynchburg, Va., June 17 and 18, 1864 ; Cabletown, Va., July 19, 1864; Winchester, Va.7 July 23 and 24, 1864. Here A. F. Gillis was taken prisoner, but escaped, getting back within our lines after undergoing many hardships, wandering about he knew not where, traveling nights and concealing himself during the day-time ten days, until so nearly starved that he thought it better to give himself up as a prisoner again rather than die of starvation. On coming forth from his place of concealment, and giving himself up as he supposed to a rebel, great was his surprise at finding him a Union man. He was fed, and then piloted some distance toward the Union lines, which he reached to the great joy of himself and comrades, appropriating on his way a horse belonging to the enemy to assist him on his way back.


"The next engagements were Cedar Creek, Va., August 15, 1864 ; Halltown, Va., August 23 and 26, 1864; Berryville, Va., September 3, 1864. Here Captain Amos F. Gillis was killed while

commanding his company in battle. It was night, dark and raining. A rebel bullet pierced his heart. His last words were, 'Boys, carry me back.' His brother, J. A. Gillis, brought home his remains. They rest in the cemetery beneath an appropriate monument, erected by the company he commanded. He was a brave soldier, never flinching from duty. From a private, when he enlisted, he was promoted to first sergeant, second lieutenant, first lieutenant, amid to captain July 16, 1864.


" The next engagements were: Opequam Creek, September 19, 1864; Fisher's Hill, Va., September 22, 1864 ; Cedar Creek, Va., October 13, 1864.


"James A. Gillis enlisted as a private, was discharged at the close of the war a sergeant. Allen E. Simons enlisted a private, discharged at the close of the war corporal. Joab M. Runyan was


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taken sick at Camp Scammon, Va., September, 1861; was removed to the hospital at Wheeling, Va., where he died December 2, 1861. Samuel S. Spenser was left at the hospital, West Virginia, sick, where he was discharged; came home, and died within a few 'weeks."


About June 1, 1862, Andrew A. Birrell, Perry Fitch, Lyman Root, John W. Woods, and Henry L. Burnham went to Camp Chase/ near Columbus, 0., and enlisted in the United States service under the call for men to serve three months. They were assigned to Company K, of the Eighty-fourth Regiment Infantry. They were mustered in on the 5th of June, and served with their regiment at New Creek, Va., Cumberland, Md., and Green Spring, Va., to September 20, 1862, when they were discharged, their term of service having expired. The Eighty-fourth was commanded by Colonel William Lawrence. Company K by Captain Uriah Gregory, of Toledo, 0.


Under authority of the act passed April 14, 1863, by the General Assembly of the State of Ohio, entitled, "An act to organize and discipline the militia of Ohio," a company of infantry to serve for the period of five years was recruited in Kinsman and vicinity August, 1863, by Andrew A. Birrell and Henry L. Burnham. With sixty names enrolled the company organized August 24, 1863, by the election of Andrew A. Birrell, captain; H. L. Burnham, first lieutenant; I. M. Newton, second lieutenant; and was designated Company G, of the Fifty-first Regiment Ohio National Guard. The company was occupied at drill at such fillies as were designated by authority until April, 1864. On the 27th of that month it was commanded to rendezvous for active service at Warren. On the 29th the regiment, consisting of eight companies, none of which were of the maximum standard, left Warren, and proceeded by rail to Sandusky, where it arrived April 30, 1864.


At Sandusky the regiment was consolidated with the Fourteenth Battalion Ohio National Guard from Portage County. By this consolidation the existing companies were filled to the maximum (one hundred and one), and two additional companies gained. Company G received one lieutenant, four sergeants, six corporals, and twenty privates by the consolidation. Second Lieutenant Newton entered the company as a private. The company Was officered as follows: H. L. Burnham, captain; A. W. Gillis, first lieutenant; Alexander W. Alcorn, of Ravenna, second lieutenants and was designated Company G, of the One Hundred and Seventy-first Regiment Ohio Volunteer


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Infantry National Guard. It was mustered into the United States service May 5, 1864, by Captain C. P. Horton.


The One Hundred and Seventy-first Regiment, soon after muster, was ordered to duty in guarding rebel officers, prisoners of war, on Johnson's Island, Sandusky Bay, where eight companies, including Company G, two companies having been detached, remained until the 9th of June, 1864. June 9th the regiment broke camp at Johnson's Island, and proceeded by rail to Covington, Ky., where it arrived the night of June 10th. It immediately left Covington, and, accompanied by a few Kentucky troops, proceeded by rail to within one mile of Cynthiana, Ky., sixty-five miles south of Cincinnati, where it was obliged to leave the cars on account of the destruction of Keller's Bridge by the enemy. This was about five o'clock on the morning of the 11th of June.


After leaving the cars, and while the men were preparing breakfast, they were attacked by the enemy under General John Morgan, and after a hard fight, lasting until near noon, being surrounded by the superior forces of the enemy, a surrender was considered by the officers in command (General Hobson and Colonel J. F. Asper) to be unavoidable. It was made on the condition that the men were to retain their private property and the officers their side-arms. The men were disarmed, and kept under guard until. early next morning, when they were marched in great haste eighteen miles to Claysville, Ky., where they were paroled. The men proceeded the same day to Augusta, on the Ohio River, and June 13th arrived at Cincinnati by boat. The day following proceeded to Camp Dennison by rail, where it remained in a semi-disorganized state until the 28th of June, when it proceeded by rail to Johnson's Island, where it arrived on the 29th, and went into quarters in its old camp. The parole was not considered binding, inasmuch as the enemy had not the power to hold their prisoners. Soon after the return to the Island the troops were rearmed, and resumed their former duty of guarding prisoners, which was, continued until the 20th of August, 1864, when they were mustered out of service7 and) returninreturninghome assumed their first organization, Company G, Fifty-first Regiment National Guard, from which they were released in 1866.


In the action near Cynthiana the United States forces numbered about seven hundred. The Confederates had two thousand. Company G, One Hundred and Seventy-first, had eighty-nine in the action, and was the strongest company in the regiment on that day.


414 - HISTORICAL COLLECTIONS.


General Burbridge attacked Morgan and his forces on the morning of the 12th, and completely defeated them, pursuing them so closely that they were obliged to relinquish their prisoners to save themselves. Company G lost one man killed; eleven were wounded eight from Kinsman. Killed—John Stonier, of Kinsman. Wounded T. C. Christy, G. W. Comstock, Theron Cook, Wm. Jackson, Alfred Kinnie, Malcolm Spencer, G. C. Tracy, J. R. Bidwell, of Kinsman. Dicd of Disease—E. S. Ripley, Joseph Fobes, of Kinsman.


There were fifty-one men in the company from the township of Kinsman, and twenty-one from adjacent towns. Lieutenant Gillis commanded the company during the expedition to Cynthiana. Captain A. A. Birrill having entered the United States service in the Fall of 1863, H. L. Burnham was chosen to fill the vacancy caused by his resignation. Lieutenant Newton entered the United States service in the Fall of 1864, and Robert Wallace was chosen to fill the vacancy. The company, while in the United States service was second to no company in the regiment in efficiency and spirit. Its officers and men had the confidence of those in command, it is believed, to a greater degree than those of any other company.


Says Captain Burnham, from whose account the above is taken:


"I have always very truly regretted my absence from my company at the time of the expedition to Kentucky, and am wont to consider it the greatest misfortune that has occurred to me in my life up to the present time. My father had sent for me to come home, to attend to, as he supposed, important business; and I had obtained five days' leave of absence. I reported at the Island the morning of the 10th of June, got transportation, and reached Covington the forenoon of the 1 lth, and the vicinity of the action only to help the wounded back on their way to Covington Hospital. I rejoined the regiment on the 13th, at Cincinnati. I have no feeling of guilt or of neglect of duty in this matter, only a deep regret and sorrow that when the hour of danger and trial came I was not permitted to share it, and to aid my comrades with such help as my arm and my judgment might have been capable of."


Lieutenant A. W. Gillis was in command of Company G during the expedition to Kentucky, and gives an account of the Cynthiana battle something more in detail, which will be read with interest. He says :


"Saturday morning, June 11, 1864, we came down on the cars from Covington the night before, six hundred men and five hundred


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horses. General Hobson was in command; J. F. Asper, Colonel. When we got to Keller's Bridge we found it burned. It was just about break of day. Our soldiers got off from the cars, which preceded the train the horses were on. Our general found that we were in a trap, and the train on which the horses were was started back; but the rebels had pulled up the track behind us, so that the cars were thrown down a steep embankment, and most of the poor horses killed or disabled. Cynthiana was in flames, and we were soon attacked by five times our number. The boys fought bravely for six hours, but finally had to yield. We surrendered, but not till we were completely surrounded, and many of our number killed and wounded. I was left in charge of a detachment to gather up the dead and wounded, whom we carried to the house of a farmer by the name of Cook. He was a loyal man, threw open his house, and we covered the floors and the beds with the wounded, not a few of whom were Kinsman boys. Killed—John Stonier. TVounded—Theron T. Cook, severely, losing an eye; Wm. Jackson, slightly, shin; Malcolm Spencer, severely, both thighs; George Tracy, calf of leg, died of wound; Jasper Bidwell, left arm above elbow, flesh wound; George Comstock, left arm, severely; Alfred Kinnie, left foot, slightly; Chalmers Christy, heel and hips.


"We were marched about one mile that night, and lay in a clover-field, well guarded. Sabbath morning, about daylight, were ordered into line, and double-quicked most of the way, for twenty miles, to Clayville, General Burbridge playing the Rebs a lively tune in the rear. They could not get any farther away with us, and so we were paroled. They gave us some sixty horses, and, bidding us good-day, put spurs to their horses to escape being captured.


"We marched after that thirty miles on foot to get to the Ohio River, making fifty miles in one day. On reaching Augusta, we were trasported by boat, seventy miles, to Cincinnati. We were a tired set of boys, having had hardly any thing to eat from Friday night till Monday morning. From Cincinnati we were sent to Camp Dennison, where two of our boys died of spotted fever, Smith Ripley and Joseph Fobes, brought on by the hardships they endured. S. C. Neice, Gordon Burnside, John M. Allen, and myself, brought home the remains of Ripley to his aged parents, their only child and sole dependence. Fobes's remains were also brought home, and they both filled soldier's graves in the Kinsman Cemetery."


416 - HISTORICAL COLLECTIONS.


NAMES OF MEN FROM KINSMAN, TRUMBULL COUNTY, O,,


IN CAPTAIN H. L, BURNHAM'S COMPANY G, OF THE ONE HUNDRED AND SEVENTY FIRST REGIMENT O. V. I., NATIONAL GUARD, FROM MAY 5, 1864, TO AUGUST 20, 1864,


H. L. Burnham, Captain ; A. W. Gillis, First Lieutenant ; D. F. Allen, Fifth Sergeant; G. W. Birrell, Fourth Corporal; C. H. Yeomans, Musician ; H. L. Perkins, Musician ; J. T. Yeomans, Wagoner.


Privates.—I. T. Allen, J. M. Allen, J. Artman, Daniel Burns, Wm. Braden ; Addison Bishop, substituted for George S. Braden, transferred to Company A. May 20, 1864; Gordon Burnside ; J. R. Bidwell, severely wounded in arm at Keller's Bridge, June 11, 1S64; Chalmers T. Christy ; severely wounded in heel and thighs at Keller's Bridge, June 11, 1864 ; Wilbur A. Christy, Wm. W. Cary, George W. Comstock, severely wounded in arm at Keller's Bridge, June 11, 1864; Theron T. Cook, severely wounded in eye at Keller's Bridge, June 11, 1864 ; Nathan Darrow, Anson W. Delin; Joseph Fobes, died in hospital at Camp Dennison, June 23, 1864; Ethelbert Fobes, Lorin B. Fobes, Miles Gilder, Andrew J. Jewel; Wm. Jackson, substitute for Peter Linsley, wounded in shin at Keller's Bridge, June 11, 1864 ; Jacob Kulp, George W. Kyle; Alfred Kinnie, wounded in foot at Keller's Bridge, June 11, 1864 ; Cyrus Mullen, James A Mossman ; Joseph Manly, substitute for Charles S. Case; George W. C. M'Elroy, Philo Meacham, David R. M'Cormic, Zalmon T. Matthews, Seymour C. Neice, Isaac M. Newton, Theron B. Peck, Almon Parker, Alonzo H. Porter, George W. Peer ; Elias S. Ripley, died in hospital at Camp Dennison, June 20, 1864; James Runyan; John Stonier, killed in action at Keller's Bridge, June 11, 1864; Robert Spencer ; Malcolm Spencer, severely wounded, both thighs at Killar's Bridge, June 11, 1864; George C. Tracy, severely wounded in action at Keller's Bridge, June 11, 1864; Ebenezer Tid.


LIST OF NAMES OF MEN FROM ADJACENT TOWNS.


George H. Griswold, Corporal, Gustavus.


Privates.—Albert F. Bradley, Wayne, Ashtabula County ; Baxter J. Dodge, Wayne, Ashtabula County.; Henry Golder, Gustavus; Oscar F. Hobert, Vernon ; Clinton H. Hobert, Vernon ; Thomas C. Hobert, Vernon; Fayette M. Haynes, Vernon ; Riley N. Hall, Johnson ; George H. Higbee, Mecca ; Linus. B. Jones, Wayne ; J. Loutzenhein, Gustavus ; Leander Linsley, Wayne; Isaac J. Miller, Johnson ; George W. M'Key, Johnson ; Charles Pease, Wayne ; Stephen


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J. Smith, Vernon ; John W. Tidd, Williamsfield ; Robert Wallace, Williamsfield ; John Wallace, Wiliamsfield ; Thomas Webber, Kingsville, substitute for Andrew B. Stonier, of Gustavus.


NOTES OF CAPTAIN ALBERT YEOMANS


RELATING TO KINSMAN SOLDIERS OTHER THAN THOSE WHO SERVED IN OHIO NATIONAL GUARDS,


CHARLES A. AUSTIN—A resident of Kinsman, enlisted in Coln-_ pany B, One Hundred and Twenty-fifth Regiment Ohio Infantry, in September, A. D., 1862. He was discharged on account of sickness at Pelham, Tenn., July 4, 1863.


DARWIN F. ALLEN—Son of John S. and Julia Allen, of Kinsman, enlisted in Company B, One Hundred and Twenty-fifth Regiment Ohio Infantry, in August, 1862. He was discharged on account of disability at Nashville, Tenn., May 5, 1863.


JOSEPH BROWN—Son of John G. Brown, of Kinsman, enlisted August, 1861, in Thirty-sixth Regiment Ohio Infantry. He re-enlisted with his regiment as a veteran in February, 1864; was wounded while in service, and mustered out in August, 1865, at the close of the war.


EDWIN B. BUELL—Was a native of Portage County, Ohio. He came to Kinsman in 1859 as a blacksmith, and took charge of that department of the carriage factory of W. B. Gorton. He enlisted in Second Regiment Ohio Cavalry, August, 1861 ; was promoted to second lieutenant November, 1863; and wounded at South Anna railroad bridge, Virginia, from which wound he died on the 8th of June, 1864.


HARVEY BURNS—Was a cooper; enlisted in Second Regiment Ohio Cavalry August, 1861, and was lost on the western campaign.


HUBERT BEERE—Was a native of Connecticut. Came to Ohio and engaged in business as a carriage-maker with W. B. Gorton, of Kinsman. Enlisted in the Second Regiment Ohio Cavalry August, 1861. He afterward received a commission as second lieutenant, in which capacity he was acting, although not yet mustered in, when he was killed in action near Ram Station, Virginia, about June, 1864.


HENRY L. BURNHAM—Son of Jedediah and Sophia B. Burnham, of Kinsman, enlisted in the Eighty-fourth Regiment Ohio Infantry June 5, 1862, for three months, and was discharged September 20, 1862. He was afterward again in service as Captain of Company G, Ohio National Guards.


418 - HISTORICAL COLLECTIONS.


JEDEDIAH K. BURNHAM—Son of Jedediah and Sophia B. Burnham, entered the service in Pennsylvania Cavalry. He was transferred to the United States Signal Service in the Summer of 1863, and continued in service in the Army of the Potomac until the close of the war.


ANDREW BIRRELL—Son of George and Nancy Birrell, of Kinsman, enlisted in the Eighty-fourtl‘ Regiment Ohio Infantry, June, 1862, for three months; was discharged at expiration of term, in Sep_ tember following; again enlisted in Sixth Regiment Ohio Cavalry, in June, 1863 ; was wounded in action near St. Mary's Church, Virginia, June 20, 1864 ; his right arm was amputated, and he died in general hospital, Alexandria, Va., July 20, 1864. His body was brought home for burial.


THOMAS M. BURNHAM—Son of Jedediah and Sophia B. Burnham, of Kinsman, enlisted August, 1862, in Company B, One Hundred and Twenty-fifth Regiment Ohio Infantry ; was wounded at the battle of Chickamauga, Ga., September, 1863 ; was promoted to second lieutenant in his regiment May 9, 1864, and assigned to Company I. He was mortally wounded while leading the skirmish line in the attack on Kennesaw Mountain, Georgia, June 27, 1864, and died in hospital at Chattanooga, July 13. His body was brought home for burial.


ETHAN C. BRIGGS—Son of Ethan and Hannah C. Briggs, of Kinsman, enlisted in Company B, One Hundred and Twenty-fifth Regiment Ohio Infantry, August, 1862; was wounded by gunshot September 20, 1863, at battle of Chickamauga, Ga., and fell into the hands of the enemy. His left leg was amputated; was returned under flag of truce October 3d, and died October 25, 1863, at Chattanooga, where he was buried in the National Cemetery.


ISAIAH BROWN—A resident of Kinsman, enlisted in Company B, One Hundred and Twenty-fifth Regiment Ohio Infantry, September, 1862; was wounded at the battle of Chickamauga; was mustered out with his company at Nashville, Tenn., in June, 1865, at expiration of term of service.


GEORGE BRADEN—Resided with his brother, William Braden, in Kinsman ; enlisted August, 1861, in the Forty-first Regiment Ohio Infantry.


JOHN BURNS—A resident of Kinsman, enlisted August, 1861, in Second Regiment Ohio Cavalry; was discharged while upon Western campaign.


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SPERRY C. CLARK—Resided with his brother-in-law, Robert Logan, in Kinsman; enlisted in Second Regiment Ohio Cavalry, August, 1861; was discharged at Fort Scott in the Fall of 1862, on account )f disability contracted in service.


THOMAS CAREW—Son of David A. and Rachel T. Carew, of Kinsman, enlisted in Second Regiment Ohio Cavalry, August, 1861; was taken prisoner in an engagement near Lighthouse Point, Virginia, June 30, 1.864, and is supposed to have been killed, or to have died in rebel prison, as nothing was heard from him after his surrender.


GEORGE CAREW—Son of David A. and Rachel T. Carew, of Kinsman, enlisted. in Sixth Regiment Ohio Cavalry, October, 1861, and re-enlisted as a veteran, February, 1864. He was in every action in which his company was engaged, and was mustered out with his regiment at the close of the war.


JESSE CARY—Son of John and Elizabeth Cary, of Kinsman, enlisted in Company B, One Hundred and Twenty-fifth Regiment Ohio Infantry, September, 1862, and was mustered out with his company at Nashville, Tenn., June, 1865, on expiration of term of service.


FREDERICK COLE—Son of Harmon and Polly Cole, of Kinsman, enlisted September, 1862, in Company B, One Hundred and Twenty- fifth Regiment Ohio Infantry, and was discharged at Camp Cleveland, Ohio, by reason of a broken arm.


WILLIAM CHRISTY—Was apprentice to Wm. B. Gorton, of Kinsman; enlisted in Sixth Regiment Ohio Cavalry, October, 1861, and served three years.


HENRY C. CARY—Son of Phebeus and Betsy Cary, of Kinsman, enlisted in Twenty-ninth Regiment Ohio Infantry, August, 1861; was wounded at the battle of Port Republic, Virginia, June 9, 1862, and was discharged March 3, 1864, on account of wounds.


WALTER CHEENY—A native of Ashtabula County, residing at Kinsman, enlisted in Company B, One Hundred and Twenty-fifth Regiment Ohio Infantry, September, 1862. He was a drummer ; was mustered out with his company at Nashville, Tenn., June, 1865.


JAMES CRANSTON—A native of New York City, came to Kinsman when ten years of age; enlisted September, 1862, in Company B, One Hundred and Twenty-fifth Ohio Infantry, and was mustered out with his company at Nashville, Tenn., in June, 1865. He was a man of extraordinary sense of hearing. It was claimed that he could hear


420 - HISTORICAL COLLECTIONS.


a rooster crow further than any other man in the army, and James was fond of chickens.


WILLIAM M. DAVIS -Son of William Davis, of Kinsman, enlisted in Sixth .Regiment Ohio Cavalry, October 8, 1861; was appointed sergeant November 9, 1861; orderly sergeant July 12, 1864; commissioned second lieutenant November 12, 1864; first lieutenant, Janury 31, 1865; captain, July 30, 1865; and mustered out August, 1865, at close of the war, as adjutant; was slightly wounded October 27, A. D. 1864.


GEORGE P. DAVIS-Son of Walter and Lucina Davis, of Kinsman, enlisted in Company B, One Hundred and Twenty-fifth Regiment Ohio Infantry, September, 1862; ,served until the close of the war, and was mustered out with his company at Nashville, Tenn., June, 1865.


MAX ELBIN-A native of Germany, came to Kinsman about 1858; enlisted in Sixth Regiment Ohio Cavalry October, 1862, and was discharged on account of physical disability.


CLARK ELLIS-Son of Thomas and Lucinda Ellis, of Kinsman, enlisted in Fourth Regiment United States Cavalry August, 1862; afterward joined the Sixth Regiment Ohio Cavalry, and was killed in action near Petersburg, Va., September, 1864.


WILLIAM R. FITCH-Son of Reuben E. and Mary Fitch, of Kinsman, enlisted October, 1862, in Company B, One Hundred and Twenty-fifth Regiment Ohio Infantry ; was wounded in action at Dandridge, Tenn., January 15, -1864; and mustered out with his company at Nashville, Tenn., June, 1865.


PERRY C. FITCH-Son of Reuben E. and Mary Fitch, of Kinsman, enlisted in Eighty-fourth Regiment Ohio Infantry June, 1862; at expiration of term he again enlisted in Company B., One Hundred and Twenth-fifth Regiment Ohio Infantry, October, 1862. He was taken prisoner September 20, 1863, at battle of Chickamauga, Tenn., and died of starvation in rebel prison.


ADRIAN P. FITCH-Son of Reuben E. and Mary Fitch, of Kinsman, enlisted September, 1862, in Company B, One Hundred and Twenty-fifth Regiment Ohio Infantry ; was killed in action in assault upon the enemy's works at Kennesaw Mountain, Georgia, June 27, 1864.


CHARLES O. FITCH-Son of Reuben E. and Mary Fitch, of Kills" man, enlisted March, 1864, in One Hundred and Twenty-fifth Regi-


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ment Ohio Infantry ; was wounded in the heel of his right foot at Rocky Face Ridge, Georgia, May 9, 1864 ; and discharged at Camp Irvin, Texas, September 25, 1865.


0, FRANKLIN R. FITCH-Son of Reuben E. and Mary Fitch, of Kinsman, enlisted September, 1863, in Forty-sixth Regiment Pennsylvania Infantry. He died at Dickard, Tenn., November 23, 1863.


JOHN FORD-Son of Augustine L. and Susan Ford, of Kinsman, enlisted September 1862, in Huidekooper's Infantry, Thirteenth Regiment Pennsylvania Reserves; was on duty at Washington, D. C., known as Lincoln's Guards; discharged June, 1865.


Amos F. GILLIS-Son of Robert and Mary Gillis, of Kinsman, enlisted June, 1861, in Twenty-third Regiment Ohio Infantry ; was commissioned second lieutenant December 1, 1862 ; first lieutenant January, 1864; captain July 1, 1864; and was killed in action December 3, 1864, at Berryville, Va. His body was brought home, and buried in Kinsman cemetery.


ALLEN W. GILLIS-Son of Robert and Mary Gillis, of Kinsman, enlisted June, 1861, in Twenty-third Regiment Ohio Infantry ; and WaS discharged August, 1862, on account of sickness; was afterward first lieutenant in One Hundred and Seventy-first Regiment Ohio National Guards.


GEO. WASHINGTON GILLIS-Son of Robert and Many Gillis, of Kinsman, enlisted in Sixth Regiment Ohio Cavalry October, 1861; served with his regiment until after the battle of Gettysburg, July, 1863, when his health failed ; he obtained furlough, but was not able to rejoin his regiment until expiration of term of service.


JAMES A. GILLIS-Son of Robert and Mary Gillis, of Kinsman, enlisted in Twenty-third Regiment Ohio Infantry June, 1861; re-enlisted as a veteran January, 1864 ; and was mustered out with his regiment at Cumberland, Maryland, July, 1865 ; was wounded at battle of Antietam, and was taken prisoner at Winchester, Va., but escaped from his captors.


JOHN GILLIS-Son of Francis Gillis, of Kinsman, enlisted September, 1862, in Company B, One Hundred and Twenty-fifth Regiment Ohio Infantry ; served until close of the war ; was mustered out with his company June, 1865, at Nashville, Tenn.


DR. WALTER R. GILKEY-Was four years a student of Dr. Dudley Allen, in Kinsman; entered the army in September, 1862, as surgeon of the One Hundred and Sixteenth Ohio Infantry ; was


422 - HISTORICAL COLLECTIONS.


overtaxed with labor and care in the Spring campaign of 1863, and died of sickness at Winchester, Virginia, June 4, 1863. His body was brought home to Kinsman for burial.


WILLIAM GILMORE—Resided with William Cheney, in Kinsman, at breaking out of war; enlisted in Fall of 1861 in Seventh Regi_ went Ohio Infantry ; served full term of three years, and was honorably discharged.


HENRY B. GILDARD—Native of England, came to Kinsman about 1854 ; enlisted in Company B, One Hundred and Twenty-fifth Regiment Ohio Infantry, August, 1862; was transferred to Veteran Reserve Corps August, 1863, and discharged at expiration of term of service.


WILLIAM JOHNSTON—Son of John and Mary Johnston, of Kinsman, enlisted September, 1862, in Company B, One Hundred and Twenty-fifth Regiment Ohio Infantry; was killed in action at the battle of Chickamauga, Georgia, September 20, 1863.


JOHN D. HENRY—Son of Robert and Emeline Henry, of Kinsman, enlisted October, 1861, in One Hundred and Second Regiment Pennsylvania Infantry ; and was discharged February 15, 1862, on account of disability contracted in service.


ALBERT J. HENRY—Son of Robert and Emeline Henry, of Kinsman, enlisted August, 1861, in One Hundred and Second Regiment Pennsylvania Infantry ; and died at Washington General Hospital, of typhoid pneumonia, April 20, 1864.


GEORGE H. HENRY—Son of Robert and Emeline Henry, of Kinsman, enlisted August, 1864, in One Hundred and Seventh Regiment Pennsylvania Infantry; and was discharged June, 1865, at City Point, Virginia, on account of sickness.


CHARLES W. HENRY—Son of Robert and Emeline Henry, of Kinsman, enlisted September, 1862, in Company R, One Hundred and Twenty-fifth Regiment Ohio Infantry; died in General Hospital, at Columbus, Ohio, April 29, 1863, from disease contracted while in service.


HOMER HULBERT—For some years a member of the family of Thomas Kinsman, enlisted August, 1862, in One Hundred and Fifth Regiment Ohio Infantry; served three years, and was mustered out at expiration of term of service, at Washington, D. C., June, 1865. .


BARNARD HARRISON—Resided with Lorenzo Moore, in Kinsman) enlisted October, 1861, in Sixth Regiment Ohio Cavalry ; served


MAHONING VALLEY - 423


three years, and was mustered out November, 1864, by reason of expiration of term of service.


DR. E. P. HAINES—Was a student of Dr. Dudley Allen, of Kinsman ; enlisted August, 1861, in Twenty-ninth Regiment Ohio Infantry; was commissioned assistant surgeon January 26, 1863; surgeon and major August 29, 1864; and was mustered out with his regiment at the close of the war.


WALLACE J. HENRY—Resident of Kinsman, enlisted September 1862, in Company B, One Hundred and Twenty-fifth Regiment Ohio Infantry; served until close of the war; was mustered out with his company at Nashville, Tenn., June, 1865.


ALBERT HUNTER—Resident of Kinsman, enlisted in Sixth Regiment Ohio Cavalry in Fall of 1861; and was discharged soon after on account of physical disability.


AMOS HUNTER-Resident of Kinsman, enlisted in Fall of 1861, in' One hundred and Eleventh Regiment Pennsylvania Infantry; served three years, and was honorably discharged.


EBEN R. HULSE—Residing with his uncle, R. K. Hulse, in Kinsman, enlisted in Second Regiment Ohio Cavalry August, 1861 ; re-enlisted as a veteran in said regiment January, 1864, and was mustered out at Camp Chase, Ohio, September, 1865, on close of the war. He took part in ninety-seven battles and skirmishes with the enemy, and was neither sick nor wounded while in service.


RICHARD K. HULSE—A resident of Kinsman, enlisted in Company B, One Hundred and Twenty-fifth Regiment Ohio Infantry, in August, 1862; was commissioned second lieutenant March 3, 1864; first lieutenant July 13, 1864; captain, October 16, A. D. 1864; and continued with the regiment until the final muster-out at Camp Irwin, Texas, September 25, 1865.


GEORGE KINNE—Son of Nathan and Anna Kinne, of Kinsman) ,enlisted in Fall of 1861 in Sixth Regiment Ohio Cavalry; failed to make connection while upon a march ; afterward joined the One Hundred and Twelfth Regiment Illinois Mounted Infantry, and served with them until the close of the war.


ALFRED KINNE—Son of Isaac and Cynthia Kinne, of Kinsman, enlisted August, 1861, in Second Regiment Ohio Cavalry ; became disabled in service; was discharged at Camp Chase, Ohio, February, 1863. He afterward enlisted in One Hundred and Seventy-first Reg-


424 - HISTORICAL COLLECTIONS.


iment Ohio National Guard, and was wounded at Keller's Bridge, Kentucky.


WALLACE LOSSE—Son of Peter and Nancy Losse, of Kinsman, enlisted in Second Regiment Ohio Cavalry August, 1861; re-enlisted as a veteran in said regiment January, 1864; and was mustered out at close of the war at Camp Chase, Ohio, September, 1865. He took part in every battle and skirmish in which his battalion was engaged, and escaped without either sickness or wound.


GEORGE LAWYER—Son of James and Caroline Lawyer, of Kinsman, enlisted in Sixth Regiment Ohio Cavalry March, 1863 ; was mustered out at close of the war at Cleveland, 0.


LUCIUS O. LINSLEY—Son of Francis and Linsley, of Kinsman, enlisted April, 1861, in Nineteenth Regiment Ohio Volunteer Infantry for three months, and was discharged at expiration of term of service.


FRANK E. LYMAN—Resident of Kinsman, enlisted in Twelfth Regiment New York Cavalry February, 1863; was commissioned second lieutenant May 19, 1865 ; mustered out at Albany, N. Y., August, 1865, on close of war.


THOMAS LOUTZENHISAR—Son of Daniel and Nancy Loutzenhisar, of Kinsman, enlisted in Company B, One Hundred and Twenty-fifth Regiment Ohio Infanty, September, 1862; served until the close of the war; was mustered out with his company at Nashville, Tenn., June, 1865.


DAVID M’KINNIE-Son of Henry and Jane M'Kinnie, of KinS" man, enlisted August, 1861, in Second Regiment Ohio Cavalry ; was discharged on account of disability contracted in service. He again enlisted May, 1864, and served in One Hundred and Fifty-fifth Regiment Ohio National Guard.


CHARLES G. MILLER—Son of Gordon B. Miller, of Kinsman, enlisted October 8, 1861, in Sixth Regiment Ohio Cavalry; appointed sergeant November 9, 1861; orderly sergeant June 9, 1863 ; Commissioned second lieutenant May 9, 1864; captured October 1, 1864; paroled February 22, 1861; brevetted captain, and discharged March 3, 1865, under general order relating to prisoners of war; was twice slightly wounded.


JOHN MOSSMAN—Son of J. Stewart Mossman, of Kinsman, enlisted September, 1862, in Company B, One Hundred and Twenty-fifth


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Regiment Ohio Infantry; served until the close of the war; was mustered out with his company June, 1865, at Nashville, Tenn.


RUFUS H. MOSSMAN—Son of J. Stewart Mossman, of Kinsman, enlisted September, 1862, in Company B, One Hundred and Twenty- fifth Regiment Ohio Infantry ; was killed in battle at Chickamauga, Ga., September 20, 1863.


SETH T. MOSES—A cooper, resident of Kinsman, enlisted August, 1862, in Company B, One Hundred and Twenty-fifth Regiment Ohio Infantry; died in hospital at Jeffersonville, Ind., July, 1864, of disease contracted in service.


ALBERT MATTHEWS—Son of Thomas and Eleanor Matthews, of Kinsman, enlisted August, 1862, in Company B, One Hundred and Twenty-fifth Regiment Ohio Infantry ; was commissioned second lieutenant, and mustered out with the company at Nashville, Tenn., June, 1865.


DUDLEY M'MICHAEL—Son of Joseph and Mary M'Michael, residing with Mrs. Sarah Reeve, in Kinsman, enlisted September, 1862, in Company B, One Hundred and Twenty-fifth Regiment Ohio Infantry ; died at hospital in Louisville, Ky., May 3, 1863. His body was brought home to Kinsman for burial.


GEORGE MURDOCK—A native of Scotland, for some years a resident of Kinsman, enlisted September, 1862, in Company B, One Hundred and Twenty-fifth Regiment Ohio Infantry ; was very severely wounded at the battle of Franklin, Tenn., 1865, and was discharged on account of his wounds.


JOSEPH MARVIN—Son of Stephen Marvin, of Kinsman, enlisted in the Second Regiment Ohio Cavalry August, 1861. Joseph afterward took his discharge, and enlisted in Seventeenth Regiment Indiana Cavalry, from which regiment he was honorably discharged at the close of the war.


ISAAC M. NEWTON—Son of Lemuel and Eunice Newton, of Kinsman, enlisted and served one hundred days in One Hundred and Seventy-first Regiment Ohio National Guard; afterward enlisted in One Hundred and Seventy-seventh Regiment Ohio Infantry ; was commissioned second lieutenant, and mustered out with his regiment at the close of the war.


ANDREW C. PARKER—Son of Moses and Elizabeth Parker, of Kinsman, enlisted August, 1861, in Forty-first Regiment Ohio Infantry; re-enlisted as a veteran in said regiment January, 1864;


426 - HISTORICAL COLLECTIONS.


served until the close of the war; and was mustered out at Camp Chase, O., November, 1865.


ALBERT PARKER—Son of Moses and Elizabeth Parker, of Kinsman, enlisted March, 1864, in Forty-first Regiment Ohio Infantry; and died in general hospital at Victoria, Texas, September 17, 1865.


JAMES PARKER—Son of Moses and Elizabeth Parker, of Kinsman, enlisted January, 1862, in One Hundredth Regiment Pennsylvania Infantry; and was killed in battle at Beaufort, South Carolina.


WINTHROP F. PELTON—A resident of Kinsman, enlisted in Sixth Regiment Ohio Cavalry, October, 1861 ; was mustered into service as field and staff farrier ; was discharged about October, 1562, under order from the War Department.


THOMAS PEABODY-Moved into Kinsman in 1858; enlisted August, 1861, in Second Regiment Ohio Cavalry; was transferred to Twenty- fifth Ohio Independent Battery, August, 1862; re-enlisted as a veteran in said battery, January, 1864; served until close of the war, and was mustered out at Camp Chase, Ohio, December, 1865.


ALMON PECK—Son of Jonathan H. and Mary A. Peck, of Kinsman, enlisted August, 1862, in Company B, One Hundred and Twenty-fifth Regiment Ohio Infantry; served until close of the war; was mustered out with his company at Nashville, Tenn., June, 1865.


EPHRAIM E. PECK—Son of Jonathan H. and Mary A. Peck, of Kinsman, enlisted August, 1862, in Company B, One Hundred and Twentieth Regiment Ohio Infantry ; was transferred to Fortieth Company, Second Battalion, Veteran Reserve Corps, in 1863; discharged September, 1865.


EDWARD PECK—Son of Jonathan H. and Mary A. Peck, of Kinsman, enlisted June, 1861, in Twenty-fifth Regiment Ohio Infantry; was transferred to Twelfth Ohio Independent Battery March, 1862: and was killed in action at second battle of Bull's Run, August 29, 1862.


THOMAS PARODINE—A resident of Kinsman, enlisted September, 1862, in One Hundred and Twenty-fifth Regiment Ohio Infantry; was discharged on account of disability at Franklin, Tenn., April, 1863.


ANDERSON ROOT—Son of Charles and Sally A. Root, of Kinsman, enlisted August 1861, in Second Regiment Ohio Cavalry; was discharged at Camp Chase, Ohio, February, 1863, on account of disability contracted in service.


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NELSON ROOT—Son of Charles and Sally A. Root, of Kinsman, enlisted August, 1861, in Second Regiment Ohio Cavalry; was disabled upon Western campaign, and discharged at Camp Chase, Ohio, February, 1863.


LYMAN ROOT—Son of Charles and Sally A. Root, of Kinsman, enlisted June, 1862, in Eighty-Fourth Regiment Ohio Infantry for three months ; was mustered out 20th September, 1862; enlisted October 1, 1862, in Company B, One Hundred and Twenty-fifth Regiment Ohio Infantry ; served until close of the war ; was mustered out with his company at Nashville, Tenn., June, 1865.


LORENZO W. ROBERTS—A resident of Kinsman, enlisted November, 1862, in Tenth Regiment Ohio Cavalry ; was wounded on skirmish line at Goldsborougli, North Carolina, and was discharged June 3, 1865.


JOAB RUNYAN—Son of John and Jane Runyan, enlisted June, 1861, in Twenty-third Regiment Ohio Infantry ; and died in general hospital at Wheeling, Virginia, December 2, 1861, of malarial fever.


SETH ROOD—Was a cooper, residing in Kinsman ; enlisted in Second Regiment Ohio Cavalry August, 1861 ; was transferred to Twenty-fifth Ohio Independent Battery, then known as Third Kansas Battery, and served until expiration of his term of service.


JAMES A. RUSSELL—Son of James R. and Amanda Russell, of Kinsman, enlisted August, 1861, in Second Regiment Ohio Cavalry; August, 1862, was transferred to the Twenty-fifth Ohio Independent Battery ; served until expiration of term of service; was discharged September, 1864.


JEREMIAH REEVE—Son of Jeremiah and Sarah Reeve, of Kinsman, enlisted March, 1862, in Seventh Regiment Ohio Infantry ; June, 1863, he received permission to go before an examining board as to qualifications for service with colored troops. The regiment did not wait for his return, and his subsequent service is reported to have been upon detached duty.


WILLIS SISLEY—Son of John and Mary Sisley, of Kinsman, enlisted August, 1861, in Twenty-ninth Regiment Ohio Infantry ; and was killed in action at Port Republic, Virginia, June 9, 1862.


JOHN SCHOFIELD—Son of Rev. Isaac Schofield, of Kinsman, enlisted August, 1861, in Twenty-ninth Regiment Ohio Infantry ; was discharged August, 1862, on account of disability contracted in the service.


428 - HISTORICAL COLLECTIONS.


ROBERT SPENCER—Son of Robert Spencer, of Kinsman, enlisted August, 1861, in Second Regiment Ohio Cavalry ; was discharged on account of disability contracted in service February, 1863 ; afterward served with the One Hundred and Seventy - first Regiment O. N. G.


SAMUEL S. SPENCER — Son of Robert Spencer, of Kinsman, enlisted June, 1861, in Twenty-third Regiment Ohio Infantry ; was discharged September, 1861, on account of sickness, from which he afterward died at home on the 15th October, 1861.


LEVI SPLITSTONE—Son of Elisha and Margaret Splitstone, of Kinsman, enlisted in Company B, One Hundred and Twenty-fifth Regiment Ohio Infantry, September, 1862 ; and died at Franklin, Tenn., May 7, 1863, of sickness contracted in the service.


WILLARD SAWDY—Son of Willard and Sophia Sawdy, of Kinsman, enlisted August, 1861, in Second Regiment Ohio Calvary; became disabled in service, and was discharged February 3, 1863.


WARREN SANDY—Son of Willard and Sophia Sawdy, of Kinsman, enlisted September, 1862, in Company B, One Hundred and Twenty-fifth Regiment Ohio Infantry ; served until the close of the war, and was mustered out with his company at Nashville, Tenn., June, 1865.


NORMAN SPRAGUE—A member of the family of Cyrus Buell, of Kinsman, enlisted August, 1861, in Second Regiment Ohio Cavalry ; re-enlisted as a veteran in said regiment January, 1864, and served until the close of the war.


DE WAIN STILL—A resident of Kinsman, enlisted August, 1861, in Second Regiment Ohio Cavalry, and was lost upon the Western campaign.


OLIVER H. SIMONS—Son of Henry and Sarah Simons, of Kinsmans enlisted October, 1862, in One Hundred and Sixteenth Regiment Pennsylvania Infantry, for one year ; was mustered out at Harrisburg, Penn., at expiration of term ; again enlisted November, 1863, in Sixth Regiment Ohio Cavalry ; commissioned first lieutenant November, 1864; captain May 1, 1865 ; served until close of the war, and was mustered out at Petersburg, Virginia, August, 1865.


HENRY C. SIMONS—Son of Henry and Sarah Simons, of Kinsman, enlisted June, 1861, in Twenty-third Regiment Ohio Infantry ;


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re-enlisted as a veteran January, 1864, and was killed in battle at Floyd Mountain, Virginia, May 9, 1864.


ALLEN E. SIMONS—Son of Henry and Sarah Simons, of Kinsman, enlisted June, 1861, in Twenty-third Regiment Ohio Infantry; re-enlisted as a veteran January, 1864 ; and was mustered out with his regiment at Cumberland, Md., July, 1865.


LEWIS SHARP—A resident of Kinsman, enlisted in Sixth Regiment Ohio Cavalry November, 1863 ; continued in service until the close of the war, and was mustered out with the regiment.


BENJAMIN C. STANHOPE-A resident of Kinsman, enlisted in the Sixth Regiment Ohio Cavalry October, 1861 ; commissioned Captain of Company B, November 8, 1861; was transferred with his company to Second Regiment Ohio Cavalry, February 22, 1862 ; February, 1863, was returned to the Sixth Ohio Cavalry, and commissioned major of that regiment; was severely wounded in action at Stevensburg, Virginia, on the 9th of June, 1863 ; and died from his wounds June 27th. His body was brought home for burial.


SEABURY A. SMITH—Son of Ambrose and Tryphena Smith, of Kinsman, enlisted April, 1861, under first call for three month's men, in Nineteenth Regiment Ohio Infantry ; was discharged at expiration of term ; again enlisted September, 1862, in Company B, One Hundred and Twenty-fifth Regiment Ohio Infantry ; was commissioned second lieutenant, and assigned to Company I, September 24, 1863 ; was killed in action January 15, 1864, while acting adjutant, at Dandridge, Tenn.


HENRY TRACY—Son of Russel H. and Cornelia A. Tracy, of Kinsman, enlisted September, 1862, in Company B, One Hundred and Twenty-fifth Regiment Ohio Infantry ; was taken prisoner at the battle of Chickamauga, Georgia, September 20, 1863 ; was kept in rebel prisons until exchanged, near the close of the war.


CHARLES A. TRACY—Son of Russel H. and Cornelia A. Tracy, of Kinsman, enlisted in Fourth Regiment Connecticut Infantry ; was commissioned second lieutenant, and was detailed as assistant commissary at New Orleans.


LEROY A. TRACY—Son of Russel H. and Cornelia A. Tracy, of Kinsman, enlisted October, 1862, in Sixth Regiment Ohio Cavalry; was killed in action at Trevellian Station, Virginia, June 24, 1864.


DAVID TRACY — Son of Thomas Tracy, of Kinsman, enlisted


430 - HISTORICAL COLLECTIONS.


October, 1861, in Sixth Regiment Ohio Cavalry. Is reported to have become insane, and his fate is unknown.


REUBEN E. TAFT-Son of Benjamin E. and Deborah Taft, of Kinsman, enlisted September, 1861, in Twenty-ninth Regiment Ohio Infantry. That regiment being full, was mustered into Forty-first Regiment Ohio Infantry October 5, 1861 ; was discharged June, 1862, at Louisville, Ky., on account of disability contracted in service.


SETH TAFT-Son of Benjamin E. and Deborah Taft of Kinsman, enlisted September, 1861, in Twenty-ninth Regiment Ohio Infantry ; was mustered into Forty-first Regiment Ohio Infantry October, 1861; was disabled in service, and discharged June, 1862, at Louisville, Kentucky.


WILLIAM A. THOMAS-Son of Daniel and Lucinda Thomas, of Kinsman, enlisted October, 1861, in One Hundred and Eleventh Regiment Pennsylvania Infantry ; was commissioned first lieutenant ; promoted to captain December 28, 1861; was commissioned major October 30, 1863; was severely wounded at battle of Lookout Mountain, Tenn., November 23, 1863; was discharged December 6, 1864, by order of Major-General Thomas, on account of wounds received in action.


LUCIUS H. THOMAS-Son of Daniel and Lucinda Thomas, of Kinsman, enlisted August, 1861, in Sixth Regiment Ohio Cavalry; served three years, and was mustered out at Columbus, Ohio, September, 1864, on account of expiration of term of service ; was at one time for thirty consecutive days engaged in skirmishing and battle with the enemy.


JAMES M. TIDD-Son of Martin and Lucy Tidd, resided with Dr. Dudley Allen, in Kinsman, enlisted September, 1862; in Company B, One Hundred and Twenty-fifth Regiment Ohio Infantry ; was taken sick in camp, at Hillsborough, Tenn.; was conveyed to hospital, at Nashville, where he died October 4, 1863. His body was brought home, and buried in Kinsman cemetery.


WELLINGTON WOOD-Resided with Henry Lillie in Kinsman; enlisted April, 1861, in Nineteenth Regiment Ohio Infantry, for three months; was discharged at the expiration of that time; again enlisted in Sixty-seventh Regiment Pennsylvania Infantry; lost his left arm in action, and was discharged on account of wounds.


THOMAS S. WOOD-Son of Charles J. and Abby M. Wood, of Kinsman, enlisted August, 1861, in Second Regiment Ohio Cavalry ;


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was commissioned second lieutenant; and was killed in a skirmish with the enemy near Ream Station, Virginia, June, 1864.


DAVID B. WOOD-Son of Charles J. and Abby M. Wood, of Kinsman, enlisted August, 1862, in Company B, One Hundred and Twenty-fifth Regiment Ohio Infantry; was wounded at battle of Mission Ridge, November, 1863, and was discharged on account of wound.


JAMES M. WEBBER-Son of Joseph W. and Miriam Webber, of Kinsman, enlisted October, 1861, in Sixth Regiment Ohio Cavalry; re-enlisted as a veteran in said regiment February, 1864, and was mustered out with his regiment August, 1865, at close of the war.


JOEL N. WILLIAMS-Resided with John Kinsman; enlisted in Company B, One Hundred and Twenty-fifth Regiment Ohio Infantry, August, 1862, and died of sickness at Franklin, Tenn., May 9, 1863; was buried in Franklin cemetery.


RUFUS WOODS-A resident of Kinsman, enlisted August, 1862, in Company B, One Hundred and Twenty-fifth Regiment Ohio Infantry; was wounded at battle of Mission Ridge, November, 1863 ; commissioned second lieutenant, and mustered out with his company June, 1865, at Nashville, Tenn.


ALBERT YEOMANS-A resident of Kinsman, enlisted September, 1862 ; was commissioned captain of Company B; was severely wounded at battle of Chickamauga, September 20, 1863; and discharged on account of wounds received in action, June 14, 1864.


KINSMAN SOLDIERS IN THE SIXTH CAVALRY.


WITH NOTES BY CAPTAIN C. G. MILLER.


MAJOR BENJAMIN C. STANHOPE-Had seen service in the Mexican war ; appointed recruiting lieutenant for the Sixth Cavalry, October, 1861; commissioned captain Company B on the organization of the regiment in November; was on detached duty in the Second Cavalry West until the Spring of 1863; was commissioned Major; mortally wounded at Aldie, Va., June 17, 1863.


JAMES CHASE-Was captain of an Ohio militia company; enlisted as private October 7, 1861; elected first lieutenant of Company B, November 8th; mustered out of service May, 1862, in consequence of the organization of the company being broken up.


JOHN A. ROBERTS-Was in the three months' service; enlisted at Warren; elected first lieutenant Company G; promoted to captain


432 - HISTORICAL COLLECTIONS.


and to major; slightly wounded several times ; severely wounded at Upperville, Va., June 21, 1869.


CHARLES G. MILLER—Enlisted in Company G October, 1861; appointed sergeant; commissioned second lieutenant May, 1864; first lieutenant November, 1864; prisoner of war from October, 1864, until February 22, 1865; discharged March, 1865, when paroled; slightly wounded twice; brevetted captain.


Wm. M. DAvis—Enlisted in Company G October, 1861; appointed sergeant ; commissioned second lieutenant November, 1864 ; first lieutenant and captain in 1865 ; was in nearly all the engagements of the regiment ; slightly wounded once.


GEORGE W. GILLIS—Enlisted in Company G October, 1861; appointed corporal and sergeant ; was on detached duty as sergeant of orderlies at headquarters of General Motts, commanding a division of infantry ; discharged on account of disability ; was perhaps the most careful horseman in the company.


GEORGE CAREW—Private in Company G and veteran volunteer; was in nearly all the engagements of the regiment ; believe he was slightly wounded once; a cool, steady soldier in action.


BERNARD HARRISON—Private in Company G ; was teamster most of his three years' service.


DAVID TRACY—Private in Company G; sent to hospital July, 1862 ; discharged for disability.


JAMES WEBBER—Private in Company I ; re-enlisted as veteran volunteer ; was on detached duty as guard a large portion of the time while in service.


MEN JOINING THE REGIMENT IN 1864.


OLIVER H. SIMONS—Enlisted in November, 1863 ; appointed first sergeant in Company F June, 1864 ; commissioned lieutenant November, 1864, and captain in 1865 ; wounded once.


ANDREW A. BIRRELL—Resigned captaincy in National Guards ; enlisted in Company F ; appointed. sergeant ; mortally wounded at St. Mary's Church, Va., June 24, 1864. His remains were brought home, and interred in the Kinsman cemetery.


HENRY C. DEWOLF—Corporal in Company F ; appointed sergeant, and commissioned second lieutenant.


GEORGE LAWYER—Company F ; do not know his military history, but believe he was a brave soldier.


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LEWIS SHARP—Corporal in Company F.


CLARK ELLIS—Private in Company F or M ; was killed September,


The new T ew companies F and AI were not mounted, and did not join the regiment until a short time before my capture. I am thus unable to give particulars of some of its members. Andrew Birrell and Oliver Simons picked up some horses, joined the regiment, and did duty in other companies before their own was mounted. Two sons of Mr. Hobart in the south-eastern part of the township were in Captain Stanhope's company ; am not acquainted with their records as sixty men of that company were transferred to the Second Ohio Cavalry. This list I think comprises all our townsmen in the Sixth Cavalry.


A number were slightly wounded who were never reported as such in the regiment. William Davis, when lying down under a heavy fife, was struck by a musket-ball, which grazed his shoulder, cutting his vest almost its entire length along the back. My horse fell over a fence June 9, 1863, falling upon me, spraining my ankle, andinjuring me so much internally that for many days I could not bear the weight of a saber or the pressure of a saber belt around me, neither could I walk; but the orderly sergeant being killed in the charge, and two of the company officers wounded a few days later, I did not wish to go to the hospital. So, strapping my boots and arms to the saddle, rode with the regiment, though in great pain from my swollen foot and bruises. Was again hurt, but not so much as to prevent my riding.


NOTE.—A few repetitions of names in the Kinsman list of soldiers will be found, owing to returns from several reporters not making proper comparisons.


J. A. RUSSELL'S EXPERIENCE IN WADE AND HUTCHINS'S CAVALRY.


I was one of the enthusiastic young fellows that could not stay at home after our crushing defeat at Bull Run ; so the middle of August, 1861, found me in camp at Cleveland, Ohio, a member of Company C, Second Ohio Volunteer Cavalry—Wade and Hutchins's " Gents," as we were called. We had a vague idea that we were somewhat better than other soldiers, and that as Wade and Hutchins's proteges we would be better cared for, and accorded privileges not usually falling to the lot of soldiers. We got cured of that after a while. The only time we saw any thing of Wade or Hutchins was one day the latter came into camp, and conversed awhile with such of the officers as were his personal friends.


434 - HISTORICAL COLLECTIONS.


I well remember our first night in camp. The boys hallooed, sang, and laughed, and joked and cut up Jack generally until after midnight, when the most noisy became still. The nights on the shores of Lake Erie were cool even in midsummer, and we were only able to get one small, thin shoddy blanket. We had read of " wrappine, your blanket around you, and lying down to sleep." We did so. The ground was so hard ; it was n't smooth either. Then we had nothing for a pillow, and, worse, the cool, chilly air came in all around. We shivered, teeth chattered, bones ached. We thought of the soft beds we had pressed only the night before,


The seemingly endless night came to an end at last. The clear notes of the bugle awoke us from the uneasy sleep in which we had at length fallen. The sun rose bright and clear; but our torment was not ended, for in endeavoring to get warm we had covered head and ears with our blankets, and ears, eyes, mouth, nose, hair, and neck were filled with shoddy. We dug and picked and brushed for hours to clear it out. Our soap was the worst of resin soap, and the water the hardest of the hard, which mixed and blended with the shoddy, and made the most uncomfortable feeling face and hands I had ever experienced. I counted up the number of days in a year and multiplied by three, and stood appalled at the result. Ten hundred and ninety- five such nights ; and, worse, if this was the experience here at home, what would it be far away in Winter with snow and rain, freezing and ice? I think many of the boys felt some as I did, though no one would acknowledge it to another. We were not quite as merry as the day before. Then we did not know how to cook in the awkward mess-pans and camp-kettles over a fire built on the ground. And what awful dishes we did make for ourselves! Who does not know that beans, the soldier's true friend, are more irrecoverably spoiled by a small amount of burning than any thing else. Fortunately, we all had money, and could buy things to eat, or I am sure we would have died. Then there was guard to stand. How long and tedious two hours was, walking back and forth on a line with a small stick for arms. So useless, too, did the dismounted drill seem to us, and so tiresome after the novelty had worn off. We expected to fight on horseback, and it seemed folly to drill on foot.


After we commenced mounted drill we enjoyed it better, as we had become somewhat accustomed to . camp life. How awkward some of us were; we could not get on our horses, and when mounted could guide them about as well as a landsman could a ship in a storm. We had a great deal of fun at the expense of a German, named


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Peterson, who was really a superior man, and who afterward became Colonel of a Pennsylvania regiment. Always having lived in the city, he knew nothing of horses ; and being the last man to join the company had the worst horse there was in it—a small black mare. She was ugly ; a good horseman could hardly do any thing with her, with the Walter bit. Peterson could not make her go a foot different from where she wanted to. As soon as we had made an evolution or two she would start, as fast as she could run, to the farther corner of the parade ground, where was a good-sized oak-tree, round and round which she would go, striving to rub Peterson off. There she would stay, in spite of all the jerking, pounding, and swearing he could do, till the other horses were leaving the ground, when, with a mad rush, she would take her place in the rear of the company, and so return to camp. The way we shouted and laughed nearly broke Peterson's heart ; and he soon got a discharge, raised a company of Germans, and went to war on foot, where there was no black mare to trouble him.


The weather had become cold, with several inches of snow On the ground, and we suffered a good deal. But we had begun to learn to make fun of every kind of trouble, and pass it lightly. I remember the shout of laughter that greeted the appearance of an umbrella at guard mounting one rainy morning.


We were getting ragged, and had not been paid, so that we hailed with delight new clothing, our pay, and orders to go to Camp Dennison, which place we reached some time in December, and found mud, knee-deep, instead of the snow we left at Cleveland. While at Cleveland we had lived in tents, so that, when we were established in barracks at Camp Dennison, old and dingy though they were, we thought we were happy. Alas ! we soon found that the discomforts of dirt and vermin more than counterbalanced the comfort of a floor and fire. Workmen were busy erecting new and more commodious barracks, which, however, made many of us sick as soon as we moved into them, caused by the dampness of the green lumber used in their construction. The mounted drill proceeded here until we became somewhat proficient in cavalry maneuvers. Here sabers were issued to us. It was a proud day when each trooper strapped a glittering saber to his side, and dangled it at his heels or between his legs, and tripped himself with it, as often happened. Many old cavalrymen will laugh as they recall the appearance of a troop when they strap on their sabers for the first time.


Soon a rumor became current that through the beneficent influ-


436 - HISTORICAL COLLECTIONS.


ence of Wade and Hutchins we were to join General Jim Lane in Kansas—that wonderful land of disorder, robbery, and bloodshed. Many will recollect the manifesto he issued, telling how he proposed to conduct the war; how every soldier should be something between a brigand chief and a patriarch of ancient times, with his retinue of servants and equipage; how he painted, in glowing colors, where be would go, and what he would do; how he would live on the way ; how the poor downtrodden people would come out as the brilliant cortege passed, and, falling on their knees, would stretch out their hands to him and heaven, saying, "You are our deliverer ; take all we have got to speed you on your conquering way. Our eyes have seen your glory, and we need nothing more." Can any one doubt that we hailed such a prospect with joy ? Again, we like the Pharisee, we 're thankful that we were not as other men were. We walked down to the railroad, and saw the cars go by, laden with soldiers, en routc for Washington and other "Old Fogy" places. We pitied them. They had no Wade and Hutchins to care for them and lead them on to fame and glory. They would have to march in cold and heat, dust and rain, hungry and sore-footed. They would suffer and bleed. Poor fellows ! Something ought to be done for them.

We should have none of these things. We were ticketed clear through. We had Jim Lane, and back of him Wade and Hutchins.


We took the cars at Cincinnati January 15, 1862, for Kansas, and were prepared for the part we were to play in the grand drama. It took ten long trains of cars to carry us. Every soldier had more baggage than a company bad in '64. I had three large trunks full of strictly necessary articles, besides several bundles. A single company had more baggage than a division had later in the war. But then we needed it all. We could not fill our destined place and sphere without these things, so we only smiled serenely at the jeers and jokes of the railroad employes. They were a low class any way, and, of course, could not be expected to know the proud place we were to fill. Then they did not know Wade and Hutchins. So we smiled at their ignorance, and forgave them.


At Vincennes, Ind., the ladies—heaven bless them—furnished us a substantial lunch, consisting of cold meats, biscuit and butter, cake, pie, hot coffee, and tea. We were thankful; but then it was only our due. Were we not Wade and Hutchins's cavalry ? Had we not a claim to be well fed ? It was very cold, and when we arrived at Illinoistown, opposite St. Louis, the river was frozen over so as greatly to impede ferry-boats. We stayed a day or two there. The


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cold continued, and the ice increased. The officers formed the mad project of marching us across the river on the ice. Our horses were saddled. We mounted, and marched to the edge of the ice. Some few of the leaders got on to it, when, with a sort of sigh, the water heaved, the ice broke up, and was soon floating down the river. A drizzling rain set in. We crossed in boats, formed, and marched through St. Louis, and out to Benton Barracks, reaching that place just at dark. That night was the most terrible one we ever experienced. The black soil was mixed with water to an average depth of six inches, and of the consistency of tar. It was literally everywhere. How we got through the night I can not tell. We had to do with nothing but mud.


The next morning we cheerfully bade adieu to Benton Barracks, and marched to St. Charles, where revolvers were issued to us, and we took the cars for Weston January 25th. After some slight mishaps, such as the train becoming uncoupled, and leaving the rear car containing the officers of the regiment in the open prairie, and runing ten miles before the conductor found it out, repairing the railroad where it had been torn up, we arrived at Weston.


At Weston the regiment was divided, and Company C, with seven others, went to Platt City, Mo. We were quartered on a fine old plantation, called the "Dorris, Place." We beheld with wonder the negro-quarters (now deserted), the dark and gloomy lockup for refractory slaves, the meat in process of curing, piled up like cordwood. Here we lived more than a month, one hundred enlisted men, in the kitchens and stables and negro huts, our three officers occupying the balance of the house, which was a large brick house and said to have been richly furnished. The doors were locked and strictly guarded; no soldiers entered. It was said that so many of the valuables from that house found their way to Ohio that it came near costing some commissions, but was settled by the payment of money.


In February we marched to Fort Leavenworth, thence to Kansas City, and Fort Scott, Kansas, which we reached March 6, 1862. Here we remained several months, making expeditions in various directions. [Here Russell leaves Cavalry and joins Battery.]


ENGAGEMENTS OF TWENTY-FIFTH BATTERY AND BATTALION E, SECOND MISSOURI LIGHT ARTILLERY, IN WHICH J. A. RUSSELL PARTICIPATED.


Newton, Mo., September 30, 1862—Union forces repulsed; loss very severe. Newton, Mo., October 4, 1862—Rebels beaten without much of a fight.


438 - HISTORICAL COLLECTIONS.


Marysville, Ark., November 24th—Suppressed Rebels; captured two guns. Cane Hill, Ark., November 29th—Running fight; whipped Rebels severely. Prairie Grove, December 7th—Severe battle; three thousand Rebels, two thousand Union troops. Rebels attacked J. C. Herron on a forced march to relieve General Blunt; terrible slaughter ; Herron handled roughly; Blunt came to the rescue at a critical moment; turned the tide of battle ; whipped Rebels handsomely; Rebels retreated during the night, leaving many dead and wounded on the field.


Fort Smith, December 15th--Raid; marched seventy miles ; suppressed Rebels; drove them across Arkansas River ; burned steamboats and destroyed stores.


Brownsville, Ark., August 25, 1863; Bayou Metre, August 27, 1863; Ashley's Mills, September 5, 1863; Little Rock, September 10, 1863. A series of light engagements, resulting in the capture of the somewhat important point of Little Rock, which was the base of operations for the Seventh Army Corps for more than a year.


Erie Bluff, Ark., October 25th—Outpost; Rebels attack ; lively skirmish; Rebels repulsed; town mostly burned during the fight.


Twenty-fifth Battery re-enlisted January, 1868, all but fourteen men. I was one of a squad detached from duty with Battalion E, Second Missouri Light Artillery.


March 22, 1864—Marched with Seventh Army Corps to form a junction with General N. P. Banks at Shreveport, La.


Arkadelphia, Ark., April 12th—Severe running fight; Rebels under General Shelby attacked our rear.


Little Missouri, Ark., April 15th—Rebels attacked our camp ; were repulsed after severe fight.



Parson Springs, Ark., April 17th—Severe- artillery duel; Rebels attacked in front; were repulsed with considerable loss. Parson Springs, Ark., April 20th—Rebels attacked forage train; captured most of a brigade; four guns (Second Indiana Battalion), and hundred wagons.


Camden, April 21st—Rebels attacked picket-post; were repulsed after a light skirmish.


Saline Bottoms, April 23d—Rebels attacked supply train; captured most of a brigade, four guns (Battalion E, Second Missouri Light Artillery), and two hundred wagons.


April 26th—Commenced retreating from Camden, Little Rock. Drew one day's rations; had no more until May 3d ; Rebels made it lively for us all the way until we got to Saline River.


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April 28th—Rebels attacked us while laying a pontoon bridge over Saline River. We were on low, wet ground; rained terribly; could not use our artillery ; murderous infantry fight all day; lines got all mixed up, and many refugees who were coming out with us, both white and black, got among and between the combatants, and were shot accidentally by their friends, and shot, sabred, and bayoneted by the Rebels. The scene beggars description. Soldiers, civilians, negroes, teamsters, wagons, ambulances, artillery, and wounded men, and not a few women and children, were mixed and blended in one confused mass, struggling to get across the pontoon bridge, while our infantry were sturdily fighting every inch of the ground against double their numbers. Two regiments of colored troops went in, in gallant style, and captured two guns of the enemy the first dash. By three o'clock P. M., it became evident that the murderous volleys of our troops were telling on the enemy ; when, with a grand charge, all along the line the enemy were routed, and our troops held the field; only, however, to leave it as soon as possible, destroying the bridge after them. Our killed and wounded were left on the field to the tender mercies of the Rebels. We were fighting for life. Had the Rebels forced our lines, hardly a man of our two thousand five hundred would have returned until they had seen the inside of a Rebel prison. The shattered remains of our army reached Little Rock May 4th, at which place I remained most of the time until discharged, September 8, 1864.


There were deeds of heroism done in that swamp on Saline River that equal any done anywhere. Colonels, and even brigadiers, carried boxes of ammunition on their shoulders through the mud up to the line, and distributed it to the men under the most severe infantry fire I ever heard, as coolly as they would go through a dress-parade. Men stood and lay in mud and water eight and ten hours, and loaded and fired with such celerity and precision as to form a living wall of fire and death against which the howling hordes of Butternuts dashed themselves in vain.


September 28, 1862, the Twenty-fifth Battery, Ohio Light Artillery, to which I belonged, together with other troops, being on a forced march in Dade County, Mo., and short of rations, I had wandered some distance from my company in search of forage, a thing not infrequent in our division of the army, and commonly winked at by the officers, particularly at that season of the year, when peaches and watermelons were in their prime. I had been accompanied by two or three companions until they became tired and disgusted at


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our want of success in finding any thing we could eat. I determined to push on alone to a house seen in the distance on the prairie, and near which I was destined to have quite an adventure. My arms consisted of a large, cavalry revolver and a sheath-knife ; the latter used mostly for sticking pigs, and other work connected with the ration department. Arms were commonly carried unloaded, to avoid the danger of accidents, also not to injure the chambers of the revolvers.


Just before reaching the house I loaded my revolver, otherwise it is likely I would not have been sitting here now, writing about it. Reaching the house, I asked an elderly woman (very fat) if she would get me a breakfast. She consented; and while she was preparing it I amused myself talking to her about the war. Found her a violent rebel, had two sons in the rebel army, said she prayed morning and night to God for the success of the. Southern arms. Not being dressed in full uniform (another custom winked at by the officers), the woman was a little uncertain to which side I belonged, and I did not inform her. Two small boys, besides the woman, were all the people about the house. After breakfast I offered pay, which she refused, saying her two boys might be in want of breakfast too, which she hoped some one would give them, as she would all who came to her door while she had any thing to give. There was a fine peach-orchard back of the house, and hundreds of bushels of fine peaches lay rotting on the ground. The woman invited me to help myself, which I did, and started to rejoin my command, about two miles away, in a north-easterly direction.


Passing along a foot-path, through a meadow and a magnificent piece of corn, I came to a small patch of cotton, where I discovered a pair of dismounted troopers chatting with a couple of girls who had been picking cotton. Thinking the men belonged to one of our Kansas regiments, who never wore uniform, I stopped short to consider whether to go forward or turn off another way, when one of the men discovered me, and drew his revolver, calling his companion. Both advanced toward me, with cocked revolvers in hand. I also advanced, with folded arms, until we stood within a yard of each other. I said, 44 What have you got your revolvers for?" One replied, with an oath, "To shoot Feds with." I answered, with easy indifference, "I am one ; you had better try your hand on me, and see how you come out."


A word of explanation here, to enable the reader to understand better what followed. Quite a number from different companies had


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been gobbled up, as we called it, by the bushwhackers. Sometimes one man was captured by one, sometimes one by two, and in not a few instances two of our men had been taken by one "knight of the shot-gun." We had talked the matter over by the camp-fires, and our captured men had generally been condemned as lacking pluck. I had always maintained that no one rebel could ever capture me, and no two would without a fight.


When I marched up to those chaps I thought they were our own men, who took me for a rebel. But their first words undeceived me, and I took in the situation at once. Now, I do not propose to be very brave. I think rather the reverse is true, and how I ever said and did what I did in those ten or fifteen minutes I do not know.


My cool assurance dashed them not a little, and I saw that I was master of the situation. It rushed over me like a flash, "Now, here is a chance to prove whether you will fight or surrender." I knew now that they were rebel scouts, and wondered how I was to get on equal footing with them by drawing and cocking my revolver before they fired. It was n't really comfortable looking into the muzzles of those two revolvers, within a yard of me, so heavily loaded that the balls had been whittled to enable the cylinder to revolve ; and during all the parley that followed they were careful not to let the muzzles of their pistols drop, but kept them aimed at my heart. I am sure I do not know why they did not fire.


Well, they evidently thought I must have a force to back me concealed in the corn, I was so assured and independent, and commenced to say that they were good Union men, that they mistook me for a Confederate recruiting officer at first, that was why they talked of shooting me, etc. One of them produced a paper, certifying that he had appeared before the proper officer at Springfield, Mo., and taken the oath of allegiance to the United States, and was a good " loyal citizen'' of the same. All which convinced me more than ever that they were the worst class of rebels, and needed shooting, which same I felt a mighty good disposition to do so soon as I saw my way clear to begin even with them. They also asked me a good many questions, as to where I came from, and how many there were of us; if there were any more soldiers at the house. According to my recollection, I intimated that there were. Not knowing that there was, neither that there was not, I took the benefit of the doubt.


At this juncture, the two small boys came out and went up to where the girls were standing close together, looking scared ; and one of


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my "loyal citizens," leaving the other to guard me, went out to the boys asking, as I then thought, and afterward found to be true, whether there were any soldiers at the houSe. Then I saw the game was up, and the fun was to begin. The answer was in the negative, and he came back bold as a lamb, and demanded my surrender. I said, " What if I refuse 7" he replied, " We will shoot the heart out of you." "Rather rough considering what 'loyal citizens' you are." " Oh," they said, "that is all played out now." I asked, "What kind of treatment may I expect if I surrender? you fellows have a bad reputation for shooting prisoners with their own arms."


They would tell me what treatment I was to receive after I had surrendered. I flatly refused to accept any such terms ; and intimated I had carved up several men with that knife (it did look savage) just for fun, and felt confident I could do the same for them in earnest. This seemed to dash their ardor a good deal; and I believed then and do now, if I had suited the action to the word and drawn the knife with a flourish I could have completely cowed and captured them. But I had not the pluck, looking into those pistols from which the balls seemed struggling to get out. My friends, however, concluded, after some further parley, they would do the -handsome thing by me if I would surrender. Appearing to yield, I said I hated 'like death to give up those little fixings "Uncle Sam" had furnished me with; but in as much as they were two to one and had the advantage of position it might be best for me to surrender.


All that time I had stood with folded arms, my pistol on my left hip. Looking the spokesman in the eye and making some final remarks about the treatment I was to receive as a prisoner of war, I slowly with my left hand drew my pistol until the lock and cylinder were clear of the holster, cocked it quickly with my thumb, then suddenly changing it to my right hand, fired. My "loyal citizens" might have seen shoot in my eyes if they had been up to that business. I knew it was there. I felt shoot in every fiber of me, and wanted to put a ball fairly into that chap's evil-looking eye ; but I did not have much time, and thought his breast presented the largest mark and I would try for his heart. The surgeon said I came within half an inch of it.


As I fired I sprang back, and to one side, and stooped low to the ground. There was a good deal of smoke and the noise of several reports, and something hissed by my ear. When I stood erect, two men were fleeing from me, two girls screaming to me, " For God's sake run," two small boys crying and clinging to their sister's dresses,


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two riderless horses tearing through the corn like mad, and I, for the hundredth part of a second, stupefied by the turn things had taken. My idea had been that we would empty our revolvers and then clinch and have it out. The one I fired at first had on a light colored coat, and when I saw the back of it, there was a streak of blood three fingers wide from the shoulders down; thinking he was marked I took after the other with sundry exclamations, more forcible than elegant, saying I would give him all he wanted of my pistol. I fired three times at him as we ran, and each time saw the bole neatly cut in the shoulders of his coat. Then something came up in my throat and choked me, a mist was before my eyes, and, for a moment, I lost my head entirely ; my "loyal citizens" and their horses disappeared.


In the mean time the girls had climbed to the top of the fence, and were screaming, and I thought signaling to a straggling band of horse and foot, accompanied by a few dilapidated-looking wagons, which I now saw away to the south-west, instantly confirming in my mind a rumor about camp that there were rebels down here and we should have a fight. Five or six of the horsemen had turned away from the rest and were galloping directly toward us ; their horses, to my excited vision, seeming to bound at least a hundred feet at every jump. Threatening to shoot the girls if they did not get down and stop their noise, I thought I would get one of my rebel friends horses, which I had observed were good ones, and snap my fingers at the whole rebel army. I tried to follow the horse tracks in the fresh dirt of the corn-field. But I had become so thoroughly frightened I could not tell a horse track from a hill of corn ; and taking one more look at the horsemen advancing with such tremendous strides, and thinking I would, in the slang of the army, be a " gone goose" if they found me there, I set out for a run of a mile and a half across the prairie to the timber, along the edge of which I supposed our train was marching.


There was not a bush or knoll, or even any good, high grass for me to get behind, should those horsemen swoop down upon me. I loaded my pistol as I ran, thinking grimly of an order recently issued, to prevent the men from wasting their ammunition, to the effect that we would be charged twenty-five cents for every cartridge missing at inspection. I looked around at the advancing horsemen occasionally, and frightened as I was, could see they were not getting much nearer. But that did not slacken my speed ; I wanted to reach our train, and I wanted to reach it bad.


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When I came to the road along which our train was moving I was so thoroughly frightened and out of breath that the air and woods seemed full of rebels, and I could not tell whether friends or foes were coining along the dusty road. The train was opened out, so that there was no one passing when I came to the road. I heard a wagon coining, and, hiding in a bunch of hazel bushes, waited to see what they looked like. I tell you now, friends, the U. S. on that lead-mule's shoulder was the handsomest thing I ever saw. And when the rest of the team and the driver and wagon came into full view around the turn of the road, the U. S., the blue, and the general get-up had the smack of the genuine. I was among friends. I came out of the bushes, and sat down by a tree to pant and consider how I could warn our army that the whole country was full of rebels preparing to gobble us up.


As luck would have it, the next man that came along was Adjutant-General Sicoba, a Dutchman. I rushed out to warn him. No doubt I presented a striking appearance. Panting, my face as red as a boiled lobster, and the sweat streaming down and ploughing furrows in the dust that had settled there with the powder-black, my revolver still in my hand, I panted out something to him I hardly know what. He called me pet names, and said those rebels of mine were General Weir's brigade, our own men, that I had shot some of them he supposed, and ordered me to my company under arrest. I suppose I said something disrespectful to my superior officer about Dutch that could n't see after four P. M. At any rate I remember going through the hazel bushes immediately afterward with a Dutchman on horseback with a drawn saber in his hand a few feet behind me. He did not overtake me, and I sat down again to reflect upon the uncertainties of things in the army.


Presently three of the Twenty-fifth Battery men came along, and to them I explained things with many doubts and fears. They consented to go with me to the scene of my adventure. They had captured or jayhawked as we called it a horse that day, and as they saw that .I was clear done out, gave it to me to ride, and we again crossed the prairie. We found the ground already occupied by some of General Weir's men, to whom we explained matters, and together we hunted up the wounded rebels, got an ambulance for them, found the horses quietly feeding in the meadow.. The girls had taken off the saddles and bridles, and hidden them ; but we persuaded them to find them for us. So we saddled our horses, loaded up our wounded rebels, and marched triumphantly into camp, where the news of the scrape


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had preceded us, and the boys swarmed out to see us come in. Those two wounded rebels were really the first trophies of the campaign, and, of course, all felt an interest in them. I do not certainly know what became of my "loyal citizens." We moved from there soon. But some of the boys left back in hospital said James Duff, the one first shot, escaped by jumping from the upper window at the hospital, was captured badly wounded at the battle of Prairie Grove, December 7, 1862, recovered, and may possibly read this. The other one suffered a long time, and I do n't know whether he got well or died. I had to drink a good many bottles of sour wine with some of the officers of the Ninth Wisconsin Infantry, a German brigade, who adopted me after that.


If any one wanted me after that when we were on the march they could always find me right by my gun. I thought the matter over, and concluded that beside my gun was good enough place for me on the march. I did not have much of an appetite for peaches and

water-melons for a year or two.


J. A. RUSSELL.


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BAZETTA TOWNSHIP, TRUMBULL COUNTY.


THE first settlements in Bazetta were made about 1804 or 1805. Edward Scofield, John Budd and families were the two first settlers, moved from Hubbard, 0. Cut their way through the woods, and settled on the farms now owned by Nelson Cowdery and Cassius Kennedy, in east part of township south of Cortland, formerly Baconsburg. Soon after, these two settlers were followed by Henry K. Hulse,,Joseph Pruden, John Godden, Joshua Oatley, and Moses Hampton and families. One of this number, John Godden, lived but a short time; was buried in a corner of where William Davis planted his orchard, which was the first orchard in this township. These constituted all the settlers previous to the year 1811, as near as can be ascertained this year.


William Davis, with a family of five, came from Washington County, Penn., and settled on a farm now owned by his son William, in the north-eastern part of the township, where all the settlements up to that time were made, and afterward for a number of years. Soon after that time the settlement was increased by the addition of ____ Rowlee, from ____ with quite a large family of young men and women. Also, about the same time, Widow Dixon, with a large family, came in, and soon afterward came James Parker and Moses Macmahon, bringing their families.


In 1812 the war commenced, which very much retarded the growth of the settlement, and which affected.it for several years. In 1813 these settlers, together with others from neighboring townships, were called upon to defend their country, and all who were capable of bearing arms, to-wit, Henry Hultz, Benjamin Rowlee, Constant Rowlee, James Dixon, Walter Dixon, William Davis, and Samuel Tanner, were ordered into the field. William Davis went as far as Cleveland, and was allowed to return and care for the families of those left. After a few skirmishes with the Indians at Sandusky, O., they all returned safe except Walter Dixon, who was wounded. He afterward recovered. The time of the year they were called out was oats-harvest. Some had their oats in swath; those of others were standing, and the wives of those who had gone, filled with the courage and ambition which characterized the heroes of 1776, took


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their little families into the field, set the older children to the taking care of the infants, while they, with rake and pitchfork in hand, secured the harvest ; and, upon the return of their husbands, it was found they had taken care of the family and the farm with that judgment which prevailed among the women of earlier days.


At this time the major part of the township was almost an unbroken wilderness, with here and there a log-hut, and some of them without door, window, or floor, and those who had floors laid them of what was then called puncheons, made of split logs, one side hewed. For doors some used a quilt or blanket until they were able to obtain better, and for windows greased paper was used instead of glass. The windows were made by cutting a piece out of a log, putting sticks across the opening, and pasting the paper on with paste made of flour and water. Some lived in this way for a time, while others of more ability and enterprise lived more comfortably.


Game was very plenty. Every man had a dog and gun; most of his meat he obtained from the forest ; deer, bear, wolves, turkeys, raccoons, opossums, and squirrels were plenty. Wolves could be heard howling at some seasons of the year every night, for a week or more at a time, and sheep were kept from them with much difficulty, a high fence having to be built around a small piece of ground in which the sheep were herded. The fence being built so high the wolves could not get over, and so close together they could not crawl through. The inhabitants were forced to keep a few sheep in order to get wool for their clothing. It was the business of the boys to guard the sheep and fasten them in every night, and it was very seldom they forgot or neglected to secure them. The women carded the wool by hand, spun, wove, and made their wearing apparel. In every house might be found a spinning-wheel, in many a loom and a weaver.


My father, like others, had no inclosures in which to pasture his stock, and put bells on his cows and horses and turned them out on the common to feed. One morning, desiring to do some plowing, started for his horses without dog or gun. Hearing the bells on the horses, went in that direction. When he arrived at the place he found five wolves who had killed and were eating his colt, which was about a month old. The mother, which had a bell on, was fighting them. He took his other horse and rode home as quick as possible and got his dog and gun and returned to the scene of destruction. The dog made an attack upon them, and, being overpowered by the wolves, returned to his master. All the wolves followed the dog in


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single file, and, when within a few paces, shot one of them and returned home with the scalp and hide, for which he received seven dollars. Some few years after, when they began to let the sheep lie out at night, twenty-two out of twenty-seven were killed in one night.


Bears also were plenty, and proved destructive to hogs running in the woods, as they were reared and fattened on shack. One instance I remember of the herd coming home—,one wounded and one missing. After a few days the carcass was found on the root of a tree, turned out where the beast could see far around, as well as eat his victim. Some of the inhabitants would kill and eat them when young, and, if old, secure the oil, which they burned in lamps. As the country became more settled they retreated back to the more dense forests or swamps. Aaron and Joy Sperry, of Mecca, caught several in a steel-trap on their travel way from Cranberry Marsh, in Johnston, to Tamarack Swamp, in Bloomfield. In earlier days they ,destroyed corn in the field when green.


Deer were very plenty in the Fall. The inhabitants would kill all they wanted for meat, and use their skins, after being dressed, for wearing apparel. The material used for dressing the skins was the animal's brains, prepared by being mixed in warm water and being rubbed until it assumed the appearance of thick soap-suds, the hair having been loosened by soaking the hide in water. The hair, grain, and flesh is removed by a rubbing with something like a currier's knife. The skin then is allowed to remain in the brain-water for some time ; after which, it is taken out and stretched, pulled, and rubbed until it assumed that porous, spongy, and peculiar feeling to the touch found only in buckskin.


Wild turkeys were more common than any game, except squirrels, and were often so plenty that the boys had to watch in the fields to prevent them from destroying buckwheat and other grains. I have driven out hundreds in a day to preserve the crops. If the buckwheat failed, Pittsburg was the only resort for supplies, and little money to buy with. William Davis at one time ran short of grain. In company with a neighbor they started toward Pittsburg, but found some flour at Poland.

They bought one barrel, put it in a four- bushel bag on to their horse, and led the horse home—a distance of twenty-four miles—after paying sixteen dollars for it.


The first school-house was built in the valley of Walnut Creek, just above where the Cortland cheese-factory now stands. It was a small log structure, with one log cut out for light; the opening was covered with greased paper, as before described. Desks for writing


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were made by boring holes in a log in the wall, driving in pins, and laying boards thereon. When this was abandoned another was built some better, but after the same plan. The second house was built about the year 1814.


The first Church organized was the Baptist. Met sometimes in school-house, other times at private houses. There is yet one person living who was a member of that organization—Ann Davis, aged ninety-two years. Had preaching sometimes by Matthias Luce, her father, of Washington County, Penn., sometimes by Adamson Bentley, of Warren, O. The next Church organization was of the order of Presbyterians ; erected a log meeting-house near where the first settlement was made, on farm now owned by Armine Casterline. Their preachers were Revs. Miller, Leslie, Pepoon, and others.


The first white child born in this township was John Hulse, son of Henry K. Hulse, about the year 1808.


A great amount of hospitality prevailed among the early settlers. They would go six or seven miles to help their neighbors raise their buildings. No castes nor aristocracy prevailed among them. Would visit one another, riding on ox-sleds; and to Church in same way. Wagons or carriages of any character were hardly known. Traveling at a distance was performed wholly on horseback. Mrs. Ann Davis, the woman before mentioned, went to visit her parents in Washington County, Penn., on horseback, carrying her infant child with her, a distance of two hundred and forty miles.


It was said by some of the early settlers that on a marked road, near the Big Run, in the cool of the day, they found a pile of rattlesnakes as large as a barrel. They went back, rallied others, and returned. They found them crawling around, as the sun had warmed them up. They killed about eighty. They were very plenty along Walnut Creek, Confusion Run, Big Run; and, in short, all the streams which had high and stony banks. They have all long since disappeared.


This township did not settle as rapidly as some of the neighboring townships, in consequence of the land being owned and held by speculators. The most of the early settlers bought their farms on credit, cleared them up, and paid for them from the products of the same. They deserve great credit for their heroism, frugality, and self-denial.

AARON DAVIS.

BAZETTA, O., December 25, 1875.