(RETURN TO THE MAHONING COUNTY INDEX)

150 - YOUNGSTOWN AND THE MAHONING VALLEY pany in 1904. Mr. Hedges in time became the buyer for that large corporation, and in 1911 entered the services of the Republic Iron and Steel Company at Pittsburg as the assistant to C. I. Sterritt, who was at that time serving as the company's purchasing agent. Mr. Hedges succeeded Mr. Sterritt in that office on the 1st of August, 1919, and is still the incumbent. On the 11th of August, 1911, he became a resident of Youngstown, and has since been prominently identified with its interests. He is a member of the Youngstown Chamber of Commerce and the Rotary Club, and he is also affiliated with the Automobile Club, the Masonic Order and the Elks. Mr. Hedges married Florence Putnam, a daughter of Harrison Putnam, a relative of Gen. Israel Putnam of Revolutionary war fame. Mr. and Mrs. Hedges were married on the 17th of June, 1898, and three children have been born to them, Elizabeth, Henry and Kathryn. The family are members of the Baptist Church. EDWARD H. TURNER, president of the Turner Contracting Company, spent ten years as an assistant engineer with the City, Engineering Department. As an independent contractor his organization has handled work much in ,evidence both in Youngstown and surrounding localities. One of the largest contracts now being fulfilled is laying the Mill Creek Park sewer. They have a complete organization and all the facilities for doing paving, street construction and sewer contracting. Mr. Turner, head of the firm, was born at Youngstown in 1882. His father, E. H. Turner, Sr., was born at Minersvrlle, Pennsylvania, seventy-five years ago and has been a resident of Youngstown fifty-five years. A shoemaker by trade, he was for many years in the shoe business, and has also been a well known figure in local politics. At one time he held the post of tax commissioner. He is also an honored veteran of the Civil war, a member of the Grand Army of the Republic and is affiliated with the Independent Order of Odd Fellows, Knights of Pythias, Elks and is a member of the Trinity Methodist Episcopal Church. His wife died in Youngstown in January 1903, at the age of fifty-five. Edward H. Turner first attended the Central School, graduated from the Rayen High School, and for several years was a diligent student of civil engineering, and had many practical opportunities to learn his profession while assistant to Mr. F. M. Lillie, Youngstown's city engineer. After ten years with that department Mr. Turner engaged in contracting and has been in that business for twelve years. His company has done much street contracting. They have utilized concrete, asphalt and brick in street construction. The firm also built a warehouse and did much paving at McDonald. Mr. Turner and his associates have always pursued a sound and fair policy in the treatment of their labor, and largely on that account they have been able to carry out their contracts in specified time and get results. Mr. Turner married, in 1903, Miss Grace Schiller, daughter of Dr. Silas Schiller. They have three sons, Jack, Ted and Dean. Mr. Turner is affiliated with the Masons and Elks, is a member of the Chamber of Commerce and the Youngstown Builders Exchange. MARTIN LOBINGER, whose position as a resident of Youngstown is easily identified by his extensive work as a building contractor, performed during the last twenty years, is an earnest and broad-minded American citizen devoted to the institutions of this country because here he found his chance in life and by hard work and honest industry has deserved well of his fellow men. Martin Lobinger was born in Germany in 1873, son of Conrad and Catherine Lobinger. His father died in 1886. He received only a common school education in Germany, and while there served an apprenticeship as a stone and brick mason. He came to the United States and first saw Youngstown at the age of nineteen. The next year, in 1893, he attended the World's Columbian Exposition at Chicago, and then worked at his trade in various parts of the United States. Mr. Lobinger arrived in the United States with only three German pennies. It is evidence of his immediate thrift and his ability to earn a living that he still has two of those pennies: While working at his trade he was a constant student of many technical subjects connected with building, and his later success as an independent business man has been due not only to his individual skill but to a broad and comprehensive knowledge of his business. For several years he was employed by the old Youngstown builder, Henry Niedermeier. In 1902 he began taking contracts and since then there has been no important interval in which his personal management and all the resources of his organization have not been busy. He has erected schools, churches, business structures and residences all over this part of the Mahoning Valley. He put up the Moose Legion Club House on Milton Lake, and recently completed the Moose Hall in Youngstown and also built the South Side Bank. With Joseph Wilhelm, Mr. Lobinger organized the Youngstown Cut Stone Company, and that company has facilities to fill all kinds of stone contracts except granite. Mr. Lobinger married in 1902 Annie Marie Hillis, a daughter of Jacob Hillisl and a native of Germany. Her people came to the United States when she was a child. To their marriage were born three children, Alfred, Annie and Irma. The family are members of the German Reformed Church. Mr. Lobinger has always been dutiful in casting his vote, but almost entirely as an independent. He is a member of the Builders' Exchange and the Loyal Order of Moose, but is primarily a home man, most of his vacations being spent outdoors in fishing and hunting. JOHN A. SIEFERTS is a building contractor, examples of whose work can be found in most of the states from the Atlantic to the Pacific. He comes of a family of builders and contractors and the Sieferts have long been a group of honorable and highly successful business men of Youngstown. Mr. Sieferts was born on Marshall Street in this city May 16, 1868, son of Frank and Frances Sieferts, natives of Germany, but reared from childhood in Youngstown. Frank Sieferts was a son of Fabian YOUNGSTOWN AND THE MAHONING VALLEY - 151 Sieferts, who left Germany to escape the military form of government and to better his arid his family's condition. Frank Sieferts, who died in 1897, at the age of fifty-eight, was a Union soldier during the Civil war, from 1861 to 1865, and among other experiences was with Sherman on the march to the sea. At the close of the war he returned to Youngstown and engaged in the business of contracting, and thereafter was associated with many undertakings and improvements in this city. He was liberal in his contributions to charities and church, reared a large family, and for all his energy and success he died a poor man. He married Frances Siebold, who died in 1918, at the age of seventy-six. Of their thirteen children nine are still living: Frank, a builder at Cleveland ; Louise, wife of Frank Hammond, a builder at Medina, New York; Charles B., of Youngstown, another member of the family identified with building and construction work; John A., better known among his friends as Jack ; Emma, a graduate of St. Anne's and Charity hospitals at Cleveland, and a trained nurse; Joseph E., a carpenter and contractor ; Mary, wife of Harry Smith, a member of the police department of Youngstown; Anna B., wife of Michael Casey, a machinist at Brier Hill ; and Susie, at home. Two other children, Caroline and Albert, died in infancy. The son, Theodore, died at the age of twenty-eight, and Agnes, at thirty-three, as the wife of Oliver Oliver, at New York City. John A. Sieferts received his early education in the Brier Hill School. From school he went to work with his father as a carpenter and during two winters was employed in the Witch Hazel mines, He then engaged in the contracting business for himself, and during the past quarter of a century has handled an immense volume of business. Much of his work might he found in New York City, Long Island and Andover, Massachusetts. Other contracts might be mentioned in the far West. For nine years he had his headquarters in Cleveland. Many residences attest his enterprise in Youngstown. One of them is the handsome home of Harry Hamilton, which he both designed and built. Mr. Sieferts married in 1894 Elizabeth Barnes, daughter of James Barnes of Cleveland. He and his family are members of St. Anne's Church, his parents having been members of St. Joseph's. Mr. Sieferts is a republican in politics. STEPHEN COLUCCI is a retired contractor of Youngstown, was one oche first Italian residents of the district, and his career has been of far more than ordinary achievement, experience and results. He was born September 17, 1849, in the province of Avelino, a mountainous section of Southern Italy near Naples and within sight of Mount Vesuvius. His people were cheese makers. He attended school in Italy, and in 1872 came to the United States, landing in New York after a long and tiresome voyage. He was brought to Youngstown in the spring of 1873. A labor contractor was the means of his locating in Youngstown. This contractor was employing labor to take the place of strikers in the Youngstown district. However, Mr. Colucci was not aware until some time later that he had per formed the service of a strike-breaker. In those days he was willing to do any class of labor to get a start. For sixteen years he worked in and around mines. As one of the early Italians in the valley and possessing other qualifications therefor he naturally became a leader among his people. After his years in the mines he was employed by Dan Monahan, a contractor, in the capacity of foreman, and within a few years began taking contracts on his own account. At first these were small jobs requiring a very modest outlay of capital and equipment. Later he did street work, and finally had an organization competent to handle heavy and extensive contracts. The character and value of some of the work performed by his organization may be indicated by a few definite instances. He built the suburban line from Sharon to Youngstown and to Sharpsville, from Sharpsville to Wheatland, from Newcastle to Herbert, and the Park and Falls line from the Diamond to the Park. In his active years he built miles and miles of streets in Youngstown and put down many miles of sewerage. There are many circumstances that make his American career noteworthy. On reaching this country he was unable to speak a word of English. He had talent in mastering the language, however, and within six months of his arrival in Youngstown he was called upon to act as interpreter in a court case. He was also very poor, without the knowledge or capital to make his services available except as a common laborer. The success of his undertakings may be estimated from the few facts above considered. By hard and constant work he has amassed not only money, but a reputation for ability and square dealing, and is a man of fine intelligence and is robustly American in all his ideas. His influence has been steadily directed for a complete Americanization of all his fellow countrymen. Mr. Colucci helped build the Church of Our Lady of Mount Carmel, and has been active in religious and educational work among the Italians of the city. Before coming to this country he had married Frances Agnon. After getting established here he sent for his wife, who joined him in 1873. They have five living children : Andrew, a contractor in Youngstown; James, Joseph and Antonio, all in the contracting business • and Ada, wife of Alfonse Sepe, of Youngstown. All are members of the church of Our Lady of Mount Carmel. After obtaining his naturalization papers Mr. Colucci cast his first American vote in 1874, and is believed to have been the first Italian voter in Youngstown. FRED E. KLING. As chief engineer for the Youngstown District of the Carnegie Steel Company, Fred E. Kling, of Youngstown, has been prominent in developing and promoting the usefulness of the various works with which he is actively identified, and through the plans which he has originated has acquired an extended reputation for superior skill and ability in his adopted profession. A native of Germany, he was born March 19, 1878, in Westhofen, a son of Ernest and Lina Kling. As a boy and youth Fred E. Kling attended school in two towns, Steele and Wetter. He subsequently served an apprenticeship of five years at the ma- 152 - YOUNGSTOWN AND THE MAHONING VALLEY chinist's trade, in the meantime attending night sch00l, studying as hard as he worked, Thus prepared for more advanced studies, he entered a technical school in Dortmund, from which he was graduated at the end of two years, receiving his diploma in 1899. Mr. Kling then entered the German Army, and for two years served in the engineering department. Immigrating to the United States, Mr. Kling located at Youngstown in 1902. Soon after coming here he accepted a position as draftsman in the engineering department of the Ohio Works, and has since been associated with the Carnegie Steel Company, having held various positions in the Ohio Works. In his present capacity as chief engineer of the Youngstown District Mr. Kling has planned and supervised the building of blast furnaces numbers 5 and 6, the 43-inch and 40-inch blooming mills, open hearth and McDonald mills, and has also developed the Dry Gas Cleaner, a much needed improvement that required five years of his time to perfect, and is proving of inestimable value to the steel industry. Mr. Klingls plans to develop this cleaner are being used at the Briar Hill Plant, and two are now in use at the Cambria Plant and two at the Ford Furnaces in Detroit. Fraternally Mr. Kling is a member of the Benevoplent and Protective Order of Elks, and he likewise is actively associated by membership with the Youngstown Club of Engineers. JAMES E. BEEBE. The Beebe family of Warren has been rn America for over 270 years and in the Mahoning Valley for over eighty years. The American ancestor of the family was John Beebe, who came to this country from England in 1650 and settled in the Connecticut Colony. One of his direct descendants, who was Gen. Bezaleel Beebe, of Revoplutionary fame, was the great-grandfather of the present generation. General Beebe was born at Litchfield, Connecticut, in 1741, was commissioned captain of a company of Connecticut troops and served in the Connecticut line in the American Revolution. He was promoted to the rank of major, his commission as such being signed by Governor Jonathan Trumbull of Connecticut, and it is still one of the valued possessions of the family and now owned by James E. Beebe of Warren. Subsequently he was brevetted brigadier-general. James Beebe, son of General Beebe, and grandfather of the present generation, was also born at Litchfield, Connecticut, the date of his birth being 1779. He served in the upper house of the Connecticut State Assembly, but later moved to Ohio, and died at Hartford, this state. He married Sarah McEwen, who was a direct descendant of the Scotch Covenanters. Dr. Robert McEwen Beebe, father of the present generation, was born at Winchester, Connecticut, on April 28, 1811, and died at Hartford, Ohio, on November 16, 1864. He was graduated from Yale University in 1835, and came to Ohio, locating at Andover, Ashtabula County, returning to Connecticut in 1837. That same year he returned to Ohio, in tending to resume his practice at Andover, but during his absence another physician had settled there, and, against the protests of many of the residents of that settlement, Doctor Beebe declined to remain, so pushed on further south and located at Hartford, Trumbull County. There he established himself in practice and became one of the leading physicians of all that region, where he spent the remainder of his useful life. He married Hulda Case, who was born at Norfolk, Connecticut. Her father was a member of the Connecticut Legislature at the same time that James Beebe was a member of the Senate. James Everett Beebe, of Warren, son of Dr. R. M. and Hulda (Case) Beebe, was born at Hartford, Trumbull County, Ohio, on June 2, 1848. He was educated in the schools of Hartford, Farmington and Cleveland, Ohio, and in 187o he began an apprenticeship in a machine shop at Sharon, Pennsylvania, later becoming identified wtih the iron industry at Sharon. In 1884 Mr. Beebe became interested in the manufacture of furniture and novelties at Union City, Pennsylvania, and in 1899 he came to Warren and organized the Western Reserve Furniture Company, which was incorporated in 1900, with Mr. Beebe as president and general manager, which connections he has since maintained, his company rapidly coming to the front in this important industry. Mr. Beebe has other interests, being president of the Luce Electric Company of Warren, and a stockholder in a number of the leading industrial and financial concerns, including the Peerless Electric Company, the McLuer Lumber Company, the Warren Building & Investment Company and the Union Savings & Trust Company, all of Warren. In 1904 Mr. Beebe was elected councilman-atlarge of Warren, re-elected in 1906, and in 1917 he was again elected for a period of two years. He is a member of the Warren Board of Trade and the Rotary Club and is a booster of the city in every possible way. Well known as a Mason, he belongs to Old Erie Lodge No. 3, Free and Accepted Masons ; Warren Commandery, Knights Templar ; is a thirty- second degree Scottish Rite Mason ; and also belongs to Zem Zem Temple of the Mystic Shrine at Erie, Pennsylvania. On April 17, 1877, Mr. Beebe was married to Catherine Camp, who was born at Warren, a daughter of Lambert Camp, a native of Pennsylvania, of Dutch descent. Mr. and Mrs. Beebe have an adopted daughter, Mary, who married Howard Luce, president of the Luce Electric Company of Warren. Mr. Beebe is a man whose strength of will and caliber of brain have carried him to success. A student of politics, he is recognized as an authority on public questions and has rendered his community a much-appreciated service in an official capacity. He is a man with a broad vision and is able to plan for the future development of this region. The grit, determination and enthusiasm he has put into every venture with which he has been associated are remarkable and they have served to raise him above the rank of the ordinary citizen and placed him among the leading representatives of the best class of people the Mahoning Valley has produced. YOUNGSTOWN AND THE MAHONING VALLEY - 153 ERLE LEIGHTON FLAD. Well qualified not only by native talent and acquired knowledge, but by practical training, for the work in which he is actively engaged, Erie Leighton Flad is rendering noteworthy service as superintendent of the slag department of the Ohio Works and as special engineer of the Carnegie Steel Company's plants in the Youngstown District. A son of the late John W. Flad, he was born May 15, 1886, in Easton, Pennsylvania. His father, for many years a: representative of the Massachusetts Mutual Life Insurance Company, died in 1903, while yet in the prime of life, having been but forty-five years old at the time of his death. His wife, whose maiden name was Elizabeth Dietrich, is now living with her son Erle, their home being at 128 Park Avenue, Youngstown. Having laid a solid foundation for his future education in the public schools of Easton, Erie Leigh, ton Flad entered Lafayette College in Easton, and was there graduated as a mining engineer with the class of 1908. Obtaining a position under the Government, he went to the Panama Canal Zone, where he spent nine months, obtaining valuable experience in his chosen work. Returning to the States, he accepted a position as chemist with the American Smelting and Refining Company at Perth Amboy, New Jersey. Coming from there to Youngstown a few months later, Mr. Flad became hot blast man at the blast furnaces of the Ohio Works of the Carnegie Steel Company. He was subsequently made assistant superintendent of blast furnaces, and later was promoted to the position of superintendent of the slag department. In 1917, as an appreciation of his valuable service in that position, he was made special engineer, also, of the Youngstown District. In the performance of his multifarious duties Mr. Flad has always proved himself perfectly competent to overcome all difficulties, the results of his work being ever satisfactory to his employers, and to the public as far as it is concerned. In 1910 Mr. Flad married Isabel Seitz, a daughter of N. Seitz, of Easton, Pennsylvania. She passed to the higher life in 1915, leaving one son, William Seitz Flad. Religiously Mr. Flad is a worthy member of the Memorial Presbyterian Church. Fraternally he belongs to the Benevolent and Protecive Order of Elks. He likewise is a member of the Youngstown Engineers, and of the Society of Engineers of Western Pennsylvania. WILLIAM GRIFFIN. A well known and representative citizen of Mahoning County, William Griffin is conspicuously identified with the iron and steel interests of this section of the country, and as superintendent of labor and transportation for the Ohio Works and the McDonald Mills at Youngstown is filling the position with ability and fidelity. A son of James Griffin, he was born August 5, 1866, in Chipping Campden, England, where he grew to man's estate. James Griffin, a farmer by occupation, spent his entire life of seventy-one years in England, dying in 1896. His wife, whose maiden name was Elizabeth A. Groves, died in 1896 also, being then sixty-six years of age. Their family consisted of seven children, four sons and three daughters. One son, William, of whom we write, and two daughters, Bessie, wife of E. Haines, of Lakew00d, Ohio, and Sallie, wife of Newton Summerlan, of Warren, Ohio, came to the United States in 1882, joining friends at Burton, Ohio. Soon after coming to Ohio William Griffin worked as an errand boy in Burton until finding employment in the Covington and Westlake mills on the rolls. Subsequently as a puddler he worked in the mills at Girard and Warren. While a resident of Warren Mr. Griffin served on the police force under George Predmore, and in that capacity proved himself so efficient that he was elected city marshal of Warren, with command of every precinct of the city. Having made a fine record as a public official he was made a lieutenant in the police force connected with the Ohio Works at Youngstown, serving under Captain Freed, whom he subsequently succeeded, becoming head of the police department, or its captain. A subsequent promotion placed Mr. Griffin in his present important position as superintendent of labor and transportation for the Ohio Works and the McDonald Mills. Mr. Griffin married Dora J. Hower, a daughter of Emery Hower, and of their union six children have been born, but two of whom are living, Harold L. and Richard W. One son, James, lived but two years; Arthur died at the age of twenty-two years in Pueblo, Colorado; Nellie died when sixteen years of age; and Herbert, who died at Brest, while on his way home from France, served with the Twenty-eighth Division of Infantry, a replacement division, detailed to look after the dead. Harold L. Griffin, now working with his father in the labor and transportation department of the Ohio Works, was with the American Expeditionary Forces in France, serving in the supply company of the Thirty-seventh Division, and though he participated in three major engagements, came home safe. Richard W. Griffin is now a student in the South High School. Religiously Mr. Griffin and family are members of Saint John's Episcopal Church. Fraternally Mr. Griffin belongs to Hillman Lodge, Free and Accepted Order of Masons, to the Independent Order of Odd Fellows, and to the Benevolent and Protective Order of Elks, being a member of the lodge at Warren. His attractive home is located at 1762 Mahoning Avenue. JOHN A. HOUGH. Possessing far more than average executive and financial ability, John A. Hough, of Youngstown, who is also interested to some extent in landscape architecture, is at present connected with one of the more important industries of the city, being president and manager of the Hough Block & Sand Company, which is located on the extension of McHenry Street. A native of New York, he was born in Chemung County in 1869, being the eldest of a family of ten children. His parents, John and Mary (McNamara) Hough, immigrated from County Clare, Ireland, their native place, to the United States when young, and having settled on a farm in Chemung County, New York, are still living on their pleasant homestead, enjoying the comforts of life. They are members of the Roman 154 - YOUNGSTOWN AND THE MAHONING VALLEY Catholic Church, and have reared their children in the same religious faith. When but sixteen years of age John A. Hough was graduated from the Elmira, New York, High School, and for twelve years thereafter was bookkeeper and financial man for a large packing house, a responsible position for a young man. For seven years thereafter he was engaged in the shoe business at Elmira, New York, and the following four years he spent in Orange County, New York, having charge of a large estate, on which he erected new buildings and supervised many other improvements, adding materially to the beauty and value of the property. The owners of that estate were friends of H. K. Wick, of Youngstown, who persuaded -Mr. Hough to come to Youngstown to take charge of the beautifying and improving of the Wick property. Accepting the offer made him, Mr. Hough spent fifteen years in adding to the attractiveness of the Wick estate, laying out walks, gardens and golf grounds, and otherwise adding to its usefulness and beauty. Giving up his position, Mr. Hough started the Climax Block & Sand Company, which he subsequently sold at an advantage to the Eagle Supply Company. In 1918 he organized the Hough Block & Sand Company, of which he is president and manager, and has now a well-established and constantly increasing business. He has an up-to-date plant, fully equipped with all the necessary machinery and appliances for the manufacture of cement blocks, and for the handling of gravel and sand, nothing having been omitted that would add to its usefulness. Mr. Hough married, in Elmira, New York, Catherine Madden, a daughter of Patrick and Catherine Madden. Eleven children, five sons and six daughters, have been born of their union, and all are living, a family of which any parents might well be proud. The names of this interesting family are John J., Mary C., Louis, James, Justin, Martina, Daniel, Helen, Sarah, Angela and Anna G. Two of the sons, Louis and James, served in France with the American Expeditionary Forces during the recent World war, and both returned safely home. Mr. Hough and his family are worthy members of Saint Columba's Catholic Church. DAVID ROBBINS. Very successful in his realty operations, obbins has earned the right to be regarded as one of the representative men of Youngstown by his honorable methods and public- spirited sentiments. He was born near the border of German Poland on September 15, 1884, a son of M. Robbins, who is now a resident of Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania. When he was only nine years of age David Robbins crossed the ocean by himself to join two brothers who had already come to this country and located at Monongahela City. After reaching his brothers the little lad attended school, and continued to make his home with them until he was old enough to be self-supporting. His first employment was selling real estate for different parties, and in time he was attracted to Youngstown, where he has found ample opportunity to exercise his abilities in this line of business, building up a valuable con nection. For some time he worked in conjunction with those who understood the development of additions and subdivisions, and since 1915 has handled a number of very important transactions on his own account. At present he is occupied with developing the Goodridge tract adjoining the Saint Edwards School, which promises to become one of the most desirable residence districts in the city. Mr. Robbins was united in marriage at Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, to Miss Sadie Goldberg. They are members of the Rodef-Sholem Temple. Mr. Robbins belongs to various Hebrew associations, among them being the B'nai B'rith. He is very charitable, not only to those of his own religious faith, but to anyone in need, and his name is usually to be found opposite a substantial donation whenever any subscription is taken up in Youngstown. The Odd Fellows hold his membership, and value his connection with them. In a business way he belongs to the Real Estate Board. The business of providing suitable housing accommodation is becoming more and more important, especially in the more congested regions, and those who are engaged in expanding these accommodations are not only showing good financial judgment, but are also carrying on a work that is public-spirited, for without these the growth of any city is necessarily restricted. Outside capital cannot be solicited if there is no hope of affording suitable homes for the additional workmen; conventions will avoid a city in which no place can be made for the entertainment of the visiting delegates ; and the general traveling public will suffer if the people are forced to go to the hotels because of a lack of homes, thus occupying the rooms properly belonging to transients. Therefore the work of the energetic real estate man who specializes on developing tracts of land into pleasant and comfortable residence districts becomes of paramount importance, and those engaged in it are recognized as public benefactors. Both as a man and a citizen Mr. Robbins is living up to high standards and he enjoys the full confidence of all with whom he carries on business. His offices are located at 411-412 Home Savings and Loan Building, Youngstown, Ohio. H. PRESTON DAWSON, who is manager of the Youngstown o W. W. Martin & Company, sales agents for the Republic trucks, is an expert engraver by profession and left that work only at the call of greater remuneration in commercial lines. He was born at Brooklyn, New York, in 1883, son of James H. and Mary Katherine Dawson. The Dawson family has lived in Brooklyn many years. Mr. Dawson was educated in the Brooklyn High School, and was a student at the Academy of Designs in New York, taking a general course in art and specializing in engraving. He was a member of the Art Students' League. For sixteen years he was one of the expert men on the staff of the American Bank Note Company, the greatest organization of its kind in America. This company has made plates for printing money for many countries of the world. Mr. Dawson specially excelled in the engraving of faces. A few years ago he felt that his interests were being sacrificed by too great fidelity YOUNGSTOWN AND THE MAHONING VALLEY - 155 to his art, and he sought the larger remuneration of a technic commercial field. At that time he formed his connection with W. W. Martin & Company, and in June, 1918, assumed the management of their interests in Youngstown. In 1911 Mr. Dawson married Miss Alleen Finlay. They have one son, H. Preston, Jr., and a daughter, Aletta. Mr. Dawson is a Mason and a member of the Youngstown Club. NATHAN OZERSKY. Among the many men of foreign birth that have come to America to escape oppression in their native land, and have attained marked success' in their business undertakings, is Nathan Ozersky, of the firm of Ozersky Brothers, bakers and wholesale grocers, located at 808 Franklin Avenue, Youngstown. He was born in 1867 in Russia, a son of Isaac and Sarah Ozersky. In 1892, after the death of his wife, Isaac Ozersky immigrated to the United States with his family, settling in New Haven, Connecticut. Soon after his arrival in this country Nathan Ozersky visited many places, seeking for a favorable business location, and chose Youngstown as the one best suited for the baking business, the natural gas and other advantages appealing to him. In company with his brother he established a bakery, opening in 1896 a small shop at 352 Boardman Street. Doing his baking nights, he delivered his products day times, using therefor a two-wheeled cart made for him by John Kuhns. Working up a fine trade, the firm responded to the need of more commodious quarters, and moved to 347-49 East Federal Street, where they met with the same good success, the trade constantly increasing. In 1911 the brothers erected their present finely-equipped plant at 8o8 Franklin Avenue, and in January, 1913, their business was incorporated under the firm name of Ozersky Brothers. Beginning on a modest scale, using a small push cart for delivery purposes, this enterprising firm has very greatly enlarged its operations, having installed a wholesale and retail grocery business in addition to its bakery, and now uses eight wagons in delivering its goods, not only in Youngstown, but throughout the Mahoning Valley, its patronage being extensive and exceedingly remunerative. Mr. Ozersky married, in 1898, Sophia Eidelman, also a native of Russia, and they have one daughter, Celia. Mr. and Mrs. Ozersky and daughter are members of Temple Emanuel, and are ever faithful to its teachings. HERMAN C HAFFKE Amply qualified by acquired knowledge, training and experience with the requirements of the meat industry, Herman. C. Haefke, of Youngstown, is filling the responsible position of manager for Swift & Company's branch house in this city, performing the duties devolving upon him ably and faithfully. A son.. of the late Frederick Haefke, he was born September 11, 1882, at Brier Hill, Youngstown, coming on both sides of the house of German ancestry. Coming to the United States in early manhood from Germany, Frederick Haefke located in Ma- honing County. Turning his attention to agricultural pursuits, he bought land in Austintown, where he was successfully engaged in general farming until his death, thirty-five years later, dying April 9, 1916, at the age of seventy-three years. He married Hannah Neuman, a native of Germany, walking to Canfield, the old county seat of Mahoning County, to secure a marriage license. She is, now living, making her home with a daughter in North Jackson. Seven children blessed their union, of whom six are living, as follows: Augusta, wife of Calvin Schisler, an engineer at the Trumbull Steel Plant; Lizzie, wife of John Wolf, a roller in the Carnegie Mills ; August F., of Austintown, a farmer ; Lena, wife of Charles Hackelrod, a farmer of North Jackson; Minnie, wife of Henry Ebert, who is engaged in farming at North Jackson; and Herman C., the subject of this sketch. One daughter, Frieda, who died at the early age of twenty-six years, was the wife of Louis Berlin, a steel worker in the Carnegie Plant. Both parents were members of the German Lutheran Church. Brought up on the parental homestead, Herman C. Haefke first attended school at Brier Hill, completing his early studies in Austintown. In 1901 he entered the Youngstown plant of Swift & Company as a driver, and subsequently filled various positions in the plant, becoming familiar with work in each department. Being sent to Chicago by the firm, he spent six months in the packing house market, and was then promoted to his present responsible position of manager of the company's branch house in Youngstown. Mr. Haefke married, in 1908, Martha Heckle, daughter of Louis Heckle, of Youngstown. Both Mr. and Mrs. Haefke are active members of the Wood Street German Lutheran Church. C. F. GARRISON. In point of service C. F. Garrison is one of the oldest men identified with the Republic Rubber Company of Youngstown. He is former secretary and at present a vice president in the corporation. Mr. Garrison, whose business career has been one of continuous activity for over thirty years, was born at Kent, Ohio, May 26, 1867, son of Charles A. and Martha (Rees) Garrison, his father a native of Ohio and his mother of Wales. Charles A. Garrison was a veterinary surgeon and spent most of his life in Kent. After attending the public schools of his native town, graduating from high school in 1884, C. F. Garrison also took a short course in the Western Reserve Academy at Hudson, and about 1885 began his business career as clerk in a grocery store at Kent. Several years later he became an employe of the City Bank, and in January, 1893, went to Niles as chief clerk of the Falcon Iron and Nail Company. About that time the Falcon Tin Plate and Sheet Company was organized with practically the same officers as the former corporation. Mr. Garrison remained in the service of this industry. Subsequently the two chief departments of the Falcon Company were absorbed by the American Tin Plate Company and the American Sheet Steel Company. With the latter organization Mr. Garrison went to New York as head bookkeeper and later as auditor of disbursements. 156 - YOUNGSTOWN AND THE MAHONING VALLEY July 1, 1904, Mr. Garrison became auditor of the Republic Rubber Company at Youngstown, thus beginning a connection that has been continuous for over fifteen years. In January, 1910, he was promoted to secretary, serving in that capacity until July, 1919, when he resigned. He has since been a vice president. Mr. Garrison is a member of the Youngstown Club, and is a Royal Arch Mason and an Elk. The only public office he ever held was in Kent, where he was nominated and elected without his consent to membership on the school board. LOUIS KROECK has had more or less association with the automobile business since boyhood, and during the past five years has developed one of the chief sales and automobile repair plants at Youngstown. He is president of the Stearns Auto Sales Company, with salesrooms at 647 Market Street. His repair shop is at 1934-36 Glenwood Avenue. At the present time he is building one of the best equipped plants for the automobile business in the city, at Olive and Wick avenue. Mr. Kroeck was born at Austintown, Ohio, February 18, 1888. His father, August Kroeck, an honored business man and citizen of Austintown, was born in Germany, where he learned the trade of wagon and carriage maker. Coming to this country as a young man he was employed for several years at Youngstown with the Youngstown Carriage Company, the plant of that company then being located on the ground now occupied by the Commercial Bank. He also worked in a wheel factory at Taylor's Corners, and from there moved to Austintown, where with George Ludwig he opened a wagon and blacksmith shop. After buying out his partner's interest he added a stock of hardware and groceries and farm implements, and in 1913 began selling automobiles, taking the agency for the Overland cars. His business has prospered, and at the age of seventy-three he is well to do and leaves the heavier responsibilities of the business to a son. He has served in an official capacity in the Grace Reformed Church. August Kroeck's wife, Susan Kroeck, is a native of Pennsylvania. They have five children : Kate, wife of Orville Harroff, of Austintown; William, the associate of his father in business at Austintown; Andrew, who is Ford agent at Lowellville; Charles, associated with his brother Louis at Youngstown. Louis Kroeck attended school at Austintown and practically grew up in his father's business, acquiring a knowledge of sales and technical work which has been invaluable to him in his independent business career. He came to Youngstown in 1913 and began selling the Stearns cars, with offices on Boardman Street, and carrying a complete line of accessories. He moved to his present place in 1916. He is also the local Marmon and Monroe representative. Mr. Kroeck is a member of the National Automobile Dealers Association, the Youngstown Chamber of Commerce, and is affiliated with Western Star Lodge of Masons and the Independent Order of Odd Fellows. In 1911 he married Leanna Farmer, of Salem, Ohio. Their two children are Dorothy and Orville. OWEN MORGAN PHILLIPS has had one allegiance, one work, one enthusiam from boyhood to the present time. The institution that has absorbed his energies and talents is the Youngstown Telegram, of which he is vice president and business manager. Mr. Phillips was born at Hubbard in Trumbull County July 24, 188o, one of the six children, all living, born to Benjamin B. and Mary B. (Morgan) Phillips. His grandparents were Benjamin and Margaret (Edwards) Phillips. His grandfather was a farmer, while his father was a salesman. Both parents are now deceased, Though born at Hubbard, Owen M. Phillips was reared at Youngstown, where his parents located when he was two years of age. He acquired a public school education, supplemented by three years at the Rayen High School. He was sixteen years of age when he found his life work as an employe of the Telegram. He began as a clerk, with a range of duties limited only by the desires and wishes of practically every other person at the plant, then his superiors, and during almost twenty-five years of service has held successively the positions of clerk, bookkeeper, assistant advertising manager, advertising manager and business manager. Moreover he regards with great satisfaction and is deserving of much credit for the fact that the Telegram's growth as a newspaper institution has largely occurred during his term of service, advancing from a struggling daily to a modern city newspaper. March 3, 1915, Mr. Phillips married Miss Nell Cadwallader, daughter of Harry L. and Charlotte (Dow) Cadwallader, of Pittsburg. They have one daughter, Mary Jane. WILLIAM C. WALLIS. While still a young man, William C. Wallis is one of the oldest employes in point of service of the Brier Hill Steel Company, where he occupies the position of assistant superintendent of the blast furnaces. He was born at Girard, Ohio, on the present site of the Brier Hill plate mill, November 19, 1887, one of eight children born to the marriage of William J. and Anna (Jenkins) Wallis, a review of whose career will be found in the sketch of William J. Wallis elsewhere in this volume. William J. Wallis was born near Girard, Ohio, and his wife in Wales, but she is now deceased. For about twenty years Mr. Wallis was on the school board at Girard, and at this time is president and general manager of the Youngstown Foundry and Machine Company. William C. Wallis was reared at Girard, where he attended the graded and high schools, and subsequently spent some time in Rayen High School, Youngstown. When he was about seventeen years of age he became shipping clerk and timekeeper for the Youngstown Foundry and Machine Company, succeeding which he learned the machinist's trade in the shops of the same concern and at the Lower Union Mills of the Carnegie Steel Company. He served, all told, at the machinist's trade about five years. On October 1, 1912, he entered the YOUNGSTOWN AND THE MAHONING VALLEY - 157 employ of the Brier Hill Steel Company, first as timekeeper, subsequently as payroll clerk, and then as production clerk. Next he was transferred to the blast furnace department, first as burden and furnace practice clerk, and January 1, 1917, was made assistant superintendent, under W. H. Geesman, of the blast furnaces. This has ever since been his occupation. Mr. Wallis is a member of the Youngstown Engineers Club and is accounted one of the skilled and authoritative men in his line. He has the full confidence of his associates, the respect of his superiors and the good will of his subordinates, and is generally popular with his fellow-workers in the plant. He is a member of the Masonic fraternity, and his religious connection is with the Presbyterian Church. Mr. Wallis was married July 2, 1913, to Miss Grace E. Munson. of Vienna Township, Trumbull County, Ohio, a daughter of William C. and Loa (Goist) Munson, and they are the parents of one daughter, Virginia Munson Wallis, and one son, William James, 2nd. ANDREW G. EGLER. Inherent ability, supplemented by thorough theoretically training and long and varied practical experience, has made Andrew G. Egler one of the recognized authorities of matters pertaining to the open hearth production of steel in this country. Mr. Egler, who is superintendent of the open hearth of the Brier Hill Steel Company, was born at Saarbrucken, in the Saar Valley, Rhenish Prussia, April 20, 1883. His parents, Nicholas F. and Margaret (Kunz) Egler, lived and died in Germany. Andrew G. Egler is the youngest in a family of thirteen children, of whom seven reside in the United States. At the age of fourteen years, after having received a common school education, he began learning the patternmaker's trade in the steel foundries of his native country and served three years without pay in acquiring this knowledge. He then made a special study of furnaces and combustion in order to further prepare himself for the vocation which he had chosen as his life work. During this period he had read much and heard more of the opportunities afforded ambitious young men in the United States, and this was especially impressed upon his mind by reason of having relatives here. At the age of nineteen years he crossed the Atlantic, his first home being at Pueblo, Colorado, where he was employed at the heating furnaces of the Colorado Fuel and Iron Company. After about two years in that state he went to Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, as foreman of the gas plant of the National Tube Works at McKeesport, and from there went to South Chicago, Illinois, and later to Gary, Indiana, in the service of the Illinois Steel Company. During all this time he devoted much attention to the study of burning fuel from the economical standpoint, finally, through this means, developing into a furnace and gas expert. At South Chicago he became general foreman of the gas plant, and at Gary served in the same capacity. In 1913 Mr. Egler went to Buffalo, New York, where for three years he was superintendent of the open hearth gas plants of the Lackawanna Steel Company. Three years later, in 1916, he came to Youngstown as assistant superintendent of the Open hearth of the Brier Hill Steel Company, a position which he filled until January I, 1920, when he was promoted to superintendent of the open hearth department. On first coming to the United States Mr. Egler took out his first naturalization papers, and as soon thereafter, as it became practicable secured his final papers. While born in Germany, he is, in every sense of the word, a loyal American citizen and is as proud of this country's traditions and history and achievements as those of native birth with a long line of native ancestry. In religion he is a Protestant, politically he supports the republican party, and socially he is identified with the Masonic fraternity and is a member of Accordia Lodge No. 277, Ancient Free and Accepted Masons ; Washington Chapter, Royal Arch Masons ; and Chicago Commandery, Knights Templar, and also holds membership in Medina Temple, Ancient Arabic Order Nobles of the Mystic Shrine, all of Chicago. Mr. Egler is not a politician nor an office seeker, but has always been a constructive worker and stanch supporter of good movements. He was married October 14, 1915, to Miss Mary M. Fuchs, of Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania. PAUL H. ZENK. Among those now holding responsrble posrtions wrth the Brier Hill Steel Company who have been identified with this concern since the year of its birth, 1912, is Paul H. Zenk. A resident of Youngstown since infancy, he had much experience of a practical nature with other steel companies before forming his present association, and at this time occupies the important post of construction engineer. Paul H. Zenk was born at Koslin, Germany, November 12, 1880, a son of Albert and Caroline (Knuth) Zenk, the latter being a direct descendant of the Canutes, famous Norsemen of remote history. Albert Zenk was a patternmaker by trade, and in the spring of 1881, with his family, immigrated to the United States and after a short stay at Pittsburgh came direct to Youngstown, which has since been his home. In coming to this country the elder Zenk had decided to make it the future abode of not only himself but his descendants. He took out his naturalization papers at the earliest possible date, and from that time to the present has been a thorough-going American in every sense of the word, save in the matter of birth. It was no half-way measure on his part, for he is an American without the hyphen. He has followed his trade since coming to the United States and for the most part has been identified with his present firm, The Youngstown Sheet and Tube Company. He and his wife are members of the Lutheran Church. Paul H. Zenk, the youngest of three children, was reared from an infant in arms at Youngstown and has always made this city his home. After attending the public sch00ls he entered Rayen High School, from which he was graduated with the class of 1900, and following this began as a tracer in the engineering department of the Ohio Works of the Carnegie Steel Company. Later he took up the profession of civil engineering and served under 158 - YOUNGSTOWN AND THE MAHONING VALLEY Charles Mackey. Later he was with the Youngstown Sheet and Tube Company for some years, and then formed a connection with the Republic Iron and Steel Company, a concern with which he was identified about the same length of time. In both of these concerns he served in the employ of the civil engineering departments. In 1912, when he came to the Brier Hill Steel Company, it was as assistant chief civil engineer. In 1913 he became chief civil engineer, and June I, 1920, was promoted to the position of construction engineer. He has been identified with the great changes that have transformed this plant from an unwieldy infant to a powerful smoothly-working giant. Mr. Zenk is a member of the Youngstown Engineers Club. On June 12, 1907, Mr. Zenk married Miss Leatha Longwill, of Indiana, Pennsylvania, and they are lhe parents of one daughter : Loretta. Mr. and Mrs. Zenk are consistent members of the Woodland Avenue Lutheran Church. HON. PAUL E. CARSON. In the annals of Mahoning County no name olds higher rank than that of Paul E. Carson of Youngstown, who occupies a place of distinction in legal circles, and has served with ability and fidelity as referee in bankruptcy for Mahoning County since February, 1916, and for Trumbull County since October, 1918. A native of Pennsylvania, he was born January 22, 1885, in Washington County, which was likewise the birthplace of his parents, Isaac N. and Margaret M. Carson, his father having been born in 1855 and his mother in 1860. Isaac N. Carson was most successfully engaged in agricultural pursuits during the earlier years of his life, and having acquired a competency is now enjoying life in Youngstown, where he and his wife have lived since 1956. He is a democrat in his political affiliations, and is a member of the Christian Church, while his wife belongs to the Methodist Episcopal Church. They are the parents of two children, Paul E., with whom this sketch is chiefly concerned; and Velma C., wife of H. C. Christopher. During his younger days Paul E. Carson attended school in California, Pennsylvania, and when fitted for college entered the Ohio Northern University at Ada, where he was graduated with the degree of Bachelor of Science in 1905, and which, in 1909, honored him with the degree of Doctor of Laws. Going West soon after his graduation, Mr. Carson spent the year of 1906 in Idaho, being in the engineering department of the Oregon Short Line Railroad. Subsequently opening an office in Youngstown, he has since been here successfully engaged in the practice of his chosen profession, his clientage being extensive and lucrative. Fraternally Mr. Carson is a member of Monongahela Lodge, No. 461, Free and Accepted Masons; of Youngstown Chapter, No. 93, Royal Arch Masons; and of the Benevolent and Protective Order of Elks. He is also a member of the Youngstown Club. ROBERT E. LEWIS, chief electrician for the Brier Hill Steel Company, has been identified with this corporation for the past eight years, having commenced his connection as assistant chief electrician in 1911. Since 1915 he has occupied his present position. Mr. Lewis is a native of Youngstown, having been born August 1, 1889. His father, Thomas G. Lewis, was born in March, i866, also at Youngstown, and lived here practically his entire life, being for thirty-one years a worker in the iron and steel mills, principally with the old Cartright-McCurdy Mills, the National Steel Company and the Youngstown Sheet and Tube Company. He was in the puddle department, and, with such men as George Swanton and others, was known as belonging to the old school of puddlers. He was not content with being merely an ordinary puddler, but stood at the head of the list. Mr. Lewis married Miss Annie E. Elliott, and they became the parents of seven children. Mr. Lewis was a quiet, unassuming man, was a great reader, and in his way became exceptionally well informed on all matters of a public nature. While a republican in politics, he was not particularly active as a worker, but invariably exercised his right of franchise. For three terms he represented the Fifth Ward as councilman. He died March 14, 1919, and is survived by his widow, who resides at Youngstown. Robert E. Lewis was the fourth born in his parents' family. As a boy he attended the public schools of his native town, and after his graduation from Rayen High School, with the class of 1906, at once found employment in the Ohio works of the Carnegie Steel Company as an electrical apprentice. Later he served as a section foreman of the electrical department of that plant, and was serving as such when he resigned to enter the employ of the Brier Hill Steel Company. Mr. Lewis is a member of the association of Iron and Steel Electrical Engineers, the American Institute of Electrical Engineers and the Youngstown Engineers Club. Fraternally he holds membership in Hillman Lodge No. 481, Free and Accepted Masons, and his religious connection is with the Memorial Presbyterian Church. As a voter he supports the policies and candidates of the republican party. GEORGE W. HANEY. Among the younger generaation of Youngstown's native sons who have achieved business and professional success in the city of their birth is George W. Haney, superintendent of mechanical and electrical departments of the Brier Hill Steel Company. Still in the early years of the prime of life, Mr. Haney has already accomplished much in his field of activity and is daily adding to the equipment and knowledge that has made him a recognized leader in his line of work. Born at Youngstown, Ohio, June 18, 1884, Mr. Haney is a son of Joseph G. and Addie M. (Douglass) Haney, natives of Cleveland, Ohio, and a grandson of one of the early pioneer settlers of this part of the State of Ohio. Joseph G. Haney was here engaged in the real estate and insurance business and was a well known and highly respected resident, in whose death, November 24, 1914, his city lost a valuable and public-spirited citizen. His wife passed away in February, 1888, leaving two children : George W., who is the subject of this review ; and Frank, his elder brother, who died in 1895, at the age of seventeen years. George W. Haney was reared at Youngstown YOUNGSTOWN AND THE MAHONING VALLEY - 159 and in boyhood attended the grammar school and the Rayen High School. When a little past seventeen years of age he started out for himself in the electric shop of the Ohio works of the Carnegie Steel Company. He remained there, becoming a section foreman eventually, and in fact filled almost every position in the electrical department. In 1912 he entered the service of the Brier Hill Steel Company as assistant chief electrician, and subsequently was promoted to chief electrician. In 1916 he was made chief electrical engineer, and this latter position he held until June 1, 1920, when he was advanced to the superintendency of mechanical and electrical departments. Mr. Haney is a member of the American Institute of Electrical Engineers, the Association of Iron and Steel Electrical Engineers, the Youngstown Engineers Club and the Youngstown Chamber of Commerce. With his family he belongs to the First Presbyterian Church, to the movements of which he has been a generous contributor. In his political tendencies he is a republican and supports the candidates and principles of that party loyally. He has had no desire for public preferment and is interested in civic affairs only as a good citizen. Mr. Haney was united in marriage May 23, 1907, with Miss Marion F. Forbes, of Lisbon, Ohio, and they are the parents of one son, Joseph G. GEORGE E. MIRFIELD A man of broad experience and marked abrlity in his line, George E. Mirfield has the distinction also of being an inventor, and it was the origination of one of his appliances that led to his connection with the Youngstown Sheet and Tube Company, where he is now assistant superintendent of the rod, wire and conduit department. Mr. Mirfield was born at Westgate Hill, Bradford, England, July 28, 1875, his parents being Daniel and Sarah (Beaumont) Mirfield. His father died in 1885 in England, where George E. Mirfield attended the grammar and high schools, and in 1890 Iris widow brought her three sons to the United States, settling at South Shaftsbury, Vermont. The youth completed his education at the Burr and Burton Seminary at Manchester, Vermont. After leaving this institution Mr. Mirfield began his business activities as an apprentice in the machine shops of the Eagle Square Manufacturing Company at South Shaftsbury, Vermont, this concern being the first in the world to manufacture carpenter's squares, rules and measuring devices of steel. He served three years as an apprentice and was then made foreman of the machine shop and continued with the same concern until 1901. In that year Mr. Mirfield went to Joliet, Illinois, as foreman of the machine shops and later as draftsman for the American Steel and Wire Company, and eventually became chief engineer of the enlarged plant of this corporation. While at Joliet Mr. Mirfield invented a device for the manufacture of wire fencing, and in April, 1908, he was called to Youngstown to superintend the erection and installation of these machines at the plant of the Youngstown Sheet and Tube Company. In 1912 he became assistant superintendent under Frank H. Nullmeyer of the rod, wire and conduit department, and this position he has filled ever since. Mr. Mirfield is one of the most popular men in the plant. Having himself traveled the hard, self-made road to success, he can appreciate the efforts of others who are endeavoring to better their condition, and has earned and held the good will of those under his employ. He is a Mason and belongs to the Knights Templar and York Rite bodies and is also a member of Al-Koran Temple, Ancient Arabic Order Nobles of the Mystic Shrrne. On June 14, 1904, Mr. Mirfield was united in marriage with Miss Ava E. Burnette, of Joliet, Illinois, and they are the parents of one daughter, Margaret Louise. Mrs. Mirfield is a consistent member of the Presbyterian Church at Youngstown. Ohio, and takes an active interest in its work. ALFRED E. JUPP. The entire career of Alfred E. Jupp has been passed in connection with the steel industry. His knowledge has been gained through thirty-six years of experience, in various parts of the country, but during the last eight years he has been associated with the Youngstown Sheet and Tube Company, of which he is now superintendent of the merchant mill. Mr. Jupp was born at Wyandotte, Michigan, July 6, 1869, a son of Edwin J. and Sarah (Hopkins) Jupp, natives of England, where they were married. The family came to the United States in 1869, and Edwin J. Jupp, who was a patternmaker by trade, was appointed foreman in a carpenter and pattern shop of the Bay View Rolling Mill at Milwaukee, Wisconsin. He continued with this concern until it became a part of the Illinois Steel Company, and at the time of his death, which occurred January 31, 1901, was foreman of the pattern shop. His widow survives him and makes her home at Milwaukee. Alfred E. Jupp is one of eight children, all of whom are living. He was born ten days after the arrival of his parents in the United States and until ten years of age resided with his parents at Chicago, where he attended the public schools. After this until twenty-three years old he lived at Milwaukee, and in the meantime graduated there from the grammar school. At the age of fifteen years he began for himself in the store room of the Illinois Steel Company, later becoming a timekeeper and then private secretary to T. W. Robinson, who was then superintendent of the blast furnace of the Illinois Steel Company. With a young man's desire to see the country he went west to Colorado, and at Pueblo entered the employ of the Colorado Fuel and Iron Company as foreman of the merchant mill. About a year later he became superintendent of the merchant mill. This position he held until 1900, when he was sent to Laramie, Wyoming, as superintendent of the Laramie Iron and Steel Company, which was a subsidiary corporation. Mr. Jupp filled that position until 1912, when lie came to Youngstown, Ohio, to become assistant superintendent of the skelp and puddle mill. In 1917 he was made superintendent of the merchant mill at Struthers, and has since served in this capacity, Mr. Jupp is a member of the Youngstown Cham- 160 - YOUNGSTOWN AND THE MAHONING VALLEY ber of Commerce and is a thrrty-second degree Ancient Accepted Scottish Rite and a Knrght Templar York Rite Mason, belonging also to the Mystic Shrine. He was married September II, 1902, to Miss Nellie May Dean, and they are the parents of one daughter, Eunice Louise. Mr. and Mrs. Jupp are members of the Presbyterian Church. DEXTER BOOK STEPHENS. Six generations of the Stephens family have resided in the Mahoning Valley of Ohio, where the name has been synonymous since 1805 with integrity, honesty, industry and law- abiding citizenship. One of the worthy representatives of this highly respected family is Dexter Book Stephens, who for about twenty years has been engaged in the brokerage business at Youngstown, where he occupies a recognized place in financial circles. Robert Stephens (or Stevens as he spelled the name) came to Mahoning County, Ohio, in 1895, and bought what is now the Isaac Powers farm, at present within the city limits of Youngstown. He sold this property in 1817 to Isaac Powers, and the tract has ever since been retained by members of the Powers family. For this property Robert Stevens obtained a farm on the Jackson Gulch at Science Hill, and there spent the remainder of his life. He had a son, John, who spelled his name Stephens, and who, as a soldier in the War of 1812, was a pensioner until his death. He went to a log cabin school near the present Diamond at Youngstown, and during his boyhood saw many deer and other wild game which still abounded in this locality. John Stephens was a farmer all of his life until he disposed of his property in Cortsville Township and moved to a place known as the Asael Shook farm on the McGuffey Street Road. His death occurred about 1874, when he was eighty-one years of age. John Wesley Stephens, a son of John Stephens, was born on the Asael Shook farm in 1824, and passed his life as a farmer and carpenter, and also taught school in his younger days. He married Mary Book, a daughter of Jacob and Mary (Armitage) Book, a pioneer family of near Edenburg, Pennsylvania, and they had two children : Dexter Book ; and Estella A., the widow of Calvin C. Applegate. John Wesley Stephens was somewhat of a prominent figure in the early political history of Cortsville Township, where he served as a justice of the peace. He died April 17, 1861, just as the Civil war began, and his widow subsequently married his twin brother, James Finley Stephens, and died in 1885. Dexter Book Stephens was born on the Asael Shook farm, September 10, 1858, and was reared on the home place, securing his education in the Youngstown graded and Hubbard High schools. At eighteen years of age he taught his first term of school, and continued this vocation for twelve years. He next was employed as ticket and freight agent for the old Pittsburg & Western Railroad, now a part of the Baltimore & Ohio System, and after ten years of this service entered the brokerage business at Youngstown, in which he has continued to the present time, and for the past five years as local representative of the well known firm of Otis & Company, investment brokers of Cleveland, Ohio. He is one of the progressive and energetic business men of Youngstown, of clear and far-sighted judgment and of excellent standing among his associates. As a fraternalist he belongs to Western Star Lodge No. 21, Free and Accepted Masons ; is a charter member of Robert E. Johnson Lodge, No. 614, Knights of Pythias, and is likewise a charter member of the Knights of the Maccabees. He belongs to the Youngstown Club and the Chamber of Commerce, and is a member of the First Presbyterian Church. Mr. Stephens married August 4, 188o, Miss Katherine Worley, of Farmington, Ohio, and they have one son, Wesley McKeown, who was born August 20, 1887. He graduated from Rayen High School in 1902, subsequently attended the Ohio State University, and later was graduated from the International Correspondence Schools of Scranton, Pennsylvania, as an electrical engineer. He is now chief engineer for the. DuQuesne Light Company of Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania. Wesley Stephens married Sarah Wolfe, of Pittsburgh, and they are the parents of two children : Dexter McKeown and Katherine A. This makes the six generations above noted of this family to have lived in the Mahoning Valley. There is not much out of the ordinary in the careers of its members, save that they have been honest, law-abiding and reputable, and that their actions have always typified the highest order of respectability and public-spirited citizenship. CARL L. VINOPAL. Clearly defined purpose and consecutive effort in the affairs of life will inevitably result in the attaining of a due measure of success, but in following out the career of one who has attained success by his own efforts there comes into view the intrinsic individuality which made such accomplishment possible, and thus there is granted an objective incentive and inspiration, while at the same time there is enkindled a feeling of respect and admiration. The qualities which have made Mr. Vinopal one of the prominent and successful men of Youngstown have also brought him the esteem of his fellow townsmen, for his career has been one of well-directed energy, strong determination and honorable methods. Carl L. Vinopal was born in Cleveland, Ohio, on October 15, 1864, and is a son of Vincent and Elinor Vinopal, natives of Austria. The father was but a child when brought to this country by an uncle, who located in Cleveland. He became a foreman for John D. Rockefeller in Cleveland, and, later, in Titusville, Pennsylvania, of which place he is still a resident. Though eighty-five years of age, he is strong and active, capable of working every day. His wife, who is nine years his junior, is the daughter of Bohemian parents, the family coming to this country when she was a small child. They are members of the Catholic Church. They became the parents of seven children, six sons and a daughter, all of whom are living. In 1914 the worthy parents celebrated the golden anniversary of their marriage, on which enjoyable occasion all of the children were present. Carl L. Vinopal, who is the oldest of the chil- YOUNGSTOWN AND THE MAHONING VALLEY - 161 dren born to his parents, attended the Mayflower school in Cleveland, completing his studies in Titusville, Pennsylvania. He learned the trade of plumbing under William Moran in Titusville, Pennsylvania, and for about six years was employed as a plumber when he came to Youngstown and was employed by the Mahoning Gas Fuel Company. For the past twenty-seven years he has been a resident of Youngstown. After severing his relations with the Mahoning Gas Fuel Company he formed a partnership with W. H. Peterson, now city plumbing inspector, and S. E. Johnson, their first place of business being on East Federal Street. The partnership was dissolved when they moved into the Park Theater Building and Mr. Vinopal formed an association with his brother, A. E. Vinopal, under the firm name of Vinopal Brothers. From there they moved to Wick Avenue, just north of the Erie Railroad, where they continued in business a few years. They are now located at No. 122 West Rayen Avenue, and are well equipped for every kind of a plumbing job, expert workmen and up- to-date appliances being outstanding features of their service. Their work will be found in many of the prominent churches, schools, business blocks and other buildings in Youngstown and vicinity. Mr. Vinopal has been married twice, first, in 1892, to Nora Berry, who died within one year, leaving a son, Raymond R. The latter served in the ordnance department during the World's war, being in France over a year, a portion of the time on the fighting line. For a time . he was quartered in Paris, being assigned to various branches of the service. On October 27, 1898, Mr. Vinopal was married to Clara Belle Hill, the daughter of Andrew Hill, of New Castle, Pennsylvania, and to them have been born two children, Francis, who died at the age of fourteen months, and Madaline, a graduate of the South High School. Religiously Mr. Vinopal was formerly a member of St. Columba's Catholic Church, but later became identified with St. Joseph's Church ; however, at the present time he is a member of St. Patrick's Church. For a number of years he has been very prominently identified with the Knights of Columbus, having served as the head of the fourth degree for three years. He is also a lecturer in that order and in many ways has been a loyal and devoted member. He has paid considerable attention to city welfare work and has consistently supported every movement for the betterment and advancement of the city's best interests. Because of his business success and his fine personal qualities he has long occupied an enviable position among the representative business men of his city. THOMAS C. THOMAS, general foreman of the machine shops of the Youngstown Sheet and Tube Company at Youngstown, was born at Girard, Trumbull County, Ohio, April 15, 1877, and is one of a family of seven children, of whom four are now living, born to Thomas J. and Catherine (Davis) Thomas, natives of Wales. Thomas J. Thomas was reared and educated in his native country, where he learned the trade of blacksmith, a vocation which he followed at Scranton, Pennsylvania, after immigrating to the United States in 1849. About the year 1850 he came to Brier Hill, Ohio, where he worked for the Wicks interests in the production of coal, and later went to Girard, where he was employed as a blacksmith under Joseph G. Butler, who was then general superintendent of what is now the A. M. Byers Company. He eventually became a superintendent of that plant and for thirty years continued as an employe of that corporation. He was married at Hubbard, Ohio, to Catherine Davis, and both were faithful members of the Methodist Episcopal Church, in the faith of which they reared their children. Mr. Thomas was a great lover of home, and after his day's work was done delighted in the quietude of the family circle, where his happiest hours were spent. The only fraternal organization of which he was a member was the Knights of Pythias. In his community he was known as an exemplary citizen and had the confidence and esteem of those among whom he lived. He died June 15, 1913, and was followed in death by his widow February 1o, 1916. Thomas C. Thomas passed his boyhood and early youth at Girard, where he attended the public schools and served an apprenticeship to the moulder's trade. At the age of eighteen years he started his business career as a moulder for the Girard Stove and Repair Company, and from this employment went to the Girard Iron Company, where he remained five years working as a machinist. For a few years following this he worked with his father around and among blast furnaces, and in April, 1907, started his connection with the Youngstown Sheet and Tube Company as a machinist. He was made assistant foreman of the machine shops in 1912, and in May, 1919, was appointed to the position of general foreman of the machine shops, a position which he has continued to fill with spendid ability. Mr. Thomas was married August 3o, 1919, to Miss Minnie Leitch, daughter of John G. Leitch, a pioneer of the Mahoning Valley and a former member of the board of commissioners of Trumbull County. Mr. Thomas is a member of the local lodge of the Independent Order of Odd Fellows and of the Engineers Club of Youngstown. In religious faith he is a Methodist, and his political views make him a republican. While a resident of Girard he took an active interest in civic affairs, and for four years served as a member of the village council. H. RUSSELL HOOPER. A few facts from the early life of Mr. Hooper shows that he is a product of the university of experience and that he has earned success by deserving it. Mr. Hooper is one of the best qualified men in the automobile business in Youngstown, and is active head of one of the three Ford agencies centered in the city. His business is conducted under the name Hooper Motor Company. He was born at Iron Mountain, Michigan, December 4, 1885, son of Henry and Gertrude (Belcher) Hooper. His father was a miner, and the son at the age of fifteen, after getting the advantages of the grade schools, also went to work in the mines of Northern Michigan. He was 162 - YOUNGSTOWN AND THE MAHONING VALLEY soon made office boy, and eventually rose to the responsibilities of chief of the shipping department. Leaving mining as a career Mr. Hooper went to Detroit, and since then his experience has been centered in automobiles. He was with the Cadillac Company in charge of the cost department for a time. His longest service has been with the Ford Motor Company. He knows every detail of that business, having worked from the stock room to the credit department, was bookkeeper, paymaster and chief clerk. Mr. Ford sent him to Washington, D. C., as assistant manager of the Ford plant in that place. From there he was brought to Youngstown as assistant manager of this district, including ten counties of Ohio and Pennsylvania, and with supervision over fifty dealers. When the new plan of selling was instituted by the Ford Company Mr. Hooper took over the equipment at 2105 Market Street and organized the Hooper Motor Company. Besides the Ford cars and Ford tractors he has charge of the sales, of a combination between the Ford and other implement makers, including the Oliver chilled plow, Roderick- Lean Manufacturing Company's double disc harrows and the products of the American Seeding Machine Company. He has a large district„ including forty-five counties in Ohio, Pennsylvania and West Virginia. Mr. Hooper, who has been a resident of Youngstown four years, is a member of the Automobile Dealers Association, the Automobile Club, the Poland Country Club, and is a Knight Templar Mason and Elk. September 21, 1912, he married Miss Mame H. Ratz, of Brighton, Michigan. DAN MULLANE, JR. A keen-witted, energetic and enterprising man of business, Dan Mullane, Jr., an insurance agent and real estate broker of Youngstown, has been actively associated with the development and improvement of the property in this section of Mahoning County, his special interests in that line having been at High Park and Ingleside. A son of Daniel Mullane, Sr., he was born September 13, 1877, in Youngstown, on Williams Street, which in those days was almost literally "in the woods." Daniel Mullane, Sr., was an infant of two weeks when his parents boarded the sailing vessel that brought them from Ireland to America. He was brought up in Cleveland, Ohio, and although he had but meager educational advantages, he was a reader, observer and thinker all of his days, reading Shakespeare, history and the classics. Coming to Youngstown when about twenty years of age, he was employed in the mills for a long time, and as a leader in labor circles and federations labored for better moral conditions and for the general improvement of his fellow-men and co-workers. Eminently trustworthy and level-headed, he attended all the labor conventions, serving, usually as chairman, and was also a leader in political affairs, but was never an aspirant for official honors, although his influence for good was always felt. He died in 1910 at his home on Market Street, aged sixty-one years. He married Annie Joyce, who was born near Berea, Ohio, and is now residing at her old home in this city. Eight children were born of their union, all of whom are living, as follows: Mary, wife of Hugh W. Grant, of Youngstown; Nell, living at home; Dan, the subject of this sketch; Joseph, with the Republic Iron & Steel Company; William P., vice president and a director of the Federal Export Company of New York, which deals extensively in steel products ; Katherine, wife of John Reidy, of the firm of Reidy Brothers of the Cleveland Furniture Company; Gertrude, wife of Paul Maline, who served as assistant city engineer for twenty terms; and Bessie, living at home. Both parents were confirmed in the Catholic Church and belonged to Saint Columbia's Church. Acquiring the rudiments of his education at Saint Columbia's Parish School, Dan Mullane, Jr., subsequently attended the Rayen High School, after which he took a business course of study. Serving an apprenticeship at the Brown-Bonnell Mills, he afterward worked as a machinist for ten years for the United Engineering and Foundry Company. Resigning his position there, Mr. Mullane has since been in the insurance and real estate business, being now one of the most successful real estate brokers in the city. Mr. Mullane married, November 28, 1911, Marie Neville, daughter of W. J. Neville, of Youngstown, and into the household thus happily established five children have been born, Neville, Martha Elizabeth, Daniel III, Robert and Virginia. Religiously Mr. Mullane is a member of Saint Edward's Roman Catholic Church. Fraternally he belongs to the Knights of Columbus. He is likewise a member of the Real Estate Board and of the Youngstown Country Club. FRANK G. TRIGG has been in the marble and cut stone business at Youngstown for over forty years. The business now continued by him at 13 Oak Hill Avenue was formerly conducted under the title Trigg Brothers, Marble Works. Mr. Trigg was born in Gloucestershire, England, November 24, 1854, and was a small boy when brought to the United States. His parents were Richard and Phoebe (Saysel) Trigg. Richard Trigg with his oldest son came to the United States in 1871, locating at Brownsville, Pennsylvania, where eighteen months later he was joined by the rest of his family. Mr. Trigg was a miner and was employed in some of the mines of the Youngstown district. In 1874 he moved to Oreville, Pennsylvania, and later to Elwood City in that state, where he and his wife spent the rest of their years. They were buried in the Oak Hill Cemetery in Youngstown. Richard Trigg was born in 1822 and died at the age of seventy-five, while his wife was also seventy-five when she died, in 1907. Frank G. Trigg as a boy worked in some of the iron mines of England. After coming to America he followed different lines of employment, and learned stone cutting at Brownsville, Pennsylvania. His brother Wallace worked at Olney, Illinois, but soon came to Youngstown and opened a marble shop. During forty years they have furnished monuments to many of the prominent old time citizens of Youngstown. Their shop in 1877 was at Spring YOUNGSTOWN AND THE MAHONING VALLEY - 163 Common and Federal streets. For a building and lot sixteen feet in front and extending back to the alley they paid $12.00 per month rent. The same amount of space in that locality today would bring a rental probably of $1,200 a month. From there they moved the shop to the site of the present Vindicator Building, having seventy-five feet on Boardman Street and 507 feet on Phelps Street. Later they sold this ground to the Vindicator Company for $10,000. Today it is worth at least $200,000. From that site they came to their present location at 13 Oak Hill Avenue. Every machine and appliance for marble working is found in this establishment, including traveling cranes. Wallace Trigg, three years older than his brother Frank, has been retired from business and has lived in Pasadena, California, for the past three years. The first work Frank Trigg did on coming to Youngstown was cutting stone for the old court house. In a business of large volume and comprising many transactions in a period of forty-two years he and his firm have never had a law suit, and have lost less than $500 in bad accounts. Mr. Trigg is a member of the Chamber of Commerce, is affiliated with the Independent Order of Odd Fellows, Woodmen of the World, and is a member of St. John's Episcopal Church. In 1882 he married Mary Gerlach, who was born at Youngstown and died in 1888. Her three children were Richard, a cattle dealer in Montana; Charles, in the real estate business with offices in the Stambaugh Building; and Frank, chief electrician at the Tod plant. In 1890 Mr. Trigg married Mary Williams, a native of Wales. They had seven children: Bruce, who was through the war in the aviation branch and at the close of his service was employed in training a gun crew at Pensacola, Florida; Fred, a dentist by profession, who held the rank of first lieutenant and was an army dentist; Ellen, wife of Fred Jones of Youngstown; Phoebe, employed in the offices of the Republic Iron and Steel Company; Mary, a teacher ; Florence, in the South High School; and Edith in grammar school. THOMAS W. MILLER. In that class of contracting including the m g of streets, sewers and other public improvements, the firm of T. W. Miller Contracting Company, successors to Miller Brothers, Contractors, performed a large and important share at Youngstown within recent years. The firm of Miller Brothers consisted of T. W. and George J. Miller. The latter died November 9, 1918, at the age of twenty-nine. Thomas W. Miller is now president and manager of the T. W. Miller Contracting Company. He is a son of A. J. and Hedwig Miller, natives of Sweden. The former came to the United States at the age of sixteen and his wife in early childhood. They were married in Youngstown. A. J. Miller, who died July 5, 19I8, at the age of seventy-two, was in earlier years connected with Andrews Brothers at the old coal mine on the Palmer farm, later was a commissioner, and finally was a director of public service in the city government of Youngstown. For many years he was a contractor, associated with the firm of Nelson & Cochran, and was very suc cessful in all his enterprises. He and his wife were members of the Swedish Lutheran Church, and fraternally he was affiliated with Hillman Lodge, Ancient Free and Accepted Masons, and the Independent Order of Odd Fellows. Of six children four are still living: Mrs. J. A. Fithian ; Henry F., a draftsman; Thomas W.; and Fred. Ellen died at the age of twenty-one and George died at twenty-nine. Thomas W. Miller attended the public schools at Haselton and at the age of fifteen was working under his father in a coal mine. His qualifications for his present work are based upon a wide variety of practical experience. After mining he was employed by the Youngstown Engineering Company and served an apprenticeship as a machinist for five years with the Lloyd Booth Machine Company. For two years he was engaged in civil engineering work, and then t00k up the contracting and building of state and county roads. His firm built three miles of state road in Portage County, and had a share in the contract for the construction of the Youngstown Southern Sewer. They also built many streets in Youngstown for the Realty Security Company, the Mill Creek Land Company, Cailor & Bate, and others. The company usually employs about eighty men, and has a complete equipment for all classes of road and street construction, including four steam shovels. Mr. Miller in 1908 married Helen Hallberg, daughter of A. J. Hallberg. Their two children are Dorothy and Thomas W., Jr. The family are members of the Trinity Methodist Church. Mr. Miller is affiliated with Western Star Lodge of Masons, and is a member of the Builders Exchange, the Youngstown Real Estate Board and the Automobile Club. JOSEPH STROCK, SR., pioneer settler of that family in the Mahoning Valley, had a consequential life, and some note regarding it should be included in this edition of Mahoning Valley history, not only because of his association with the early pioneering efforts in the valley, but because of the fact that through him the Strock family has given national military service in all the wars since the Revolution. Joseph Strock, Sr., was a veteran of the Revolutionary war, was at Valley Forge during the winter of 1777-78; two of his sons saw active service during the war of 1812 ; at least five of his descendants enlisted in the Union army during the Civil war ; and although authentic data are not available at this writing, it is more than possible that some of his descendants took part in the Spanish-American war, and it is quite certain that some must have participated in the recent World war, for the descendants of Joseph Strock, the sturdy pioneer of the Mahoning Valley, now total to more than six hundred, and the family had for generations been esteemed for its strong patriotism. Joseph Strock, Sr., was born in Wurtemberg, Germany, in about 1748, and was about nine years old when he came with his mother, a widow, to America. They were poorly circumstanced ; in fact his mother had not sufficient money to pay for his, as well as her own ocean passage ; she therefore gave the captain of the ship in which they came 164 - YOUNGSTOWN AND THE MAHONING VALLEY permission to "bind her boy out" until he should reach the age of twenty-one years, that indenture being accepted in lieu of cash payment of the boy's fare to America. It may thus be imagined that the early years of Joseph Strock were passed under conditions such as would bring him into sturdy young manhood. He evidently was of sturdy manhood for he lived to reach the age of eighty-four years, the greater part of which life was spent under the rugged, arduous conditions of the pioneer settler. In due course he was a soldier of the Revolution, was one of those who spent the terrible winter at Valley Forge, and he lived to be the father of eleven children. He was a man of strong purpose, and apparently of g00d physical vigor even late in life, for he was about sixty-seven years old when, in September, 1815, with his wife and nine of his eleven children, and not less than eleven grandchildren, he left Pennsylvania and, traveling by "ox train," ventured into the wild, unsettled territory of Ohio. He must have been a man of courageous spirit, for such a journey would have been quite venturesome for a much younger man, for the capacity of the ox train was of necessity limited, and some had to walk, and, at night sleep on the grass. However, the journey was eventually accomplished, and Joseph Strock, Sr., with his wife, and children, and grandchildren, settled in Austin- town, which was then within the boundaries of Trumbull County, Ohio. There some time later his sons John Henry and George joined them. These two sons had been away from home on military service, the enrollment for the War of 1812 having held them in the national service. They had not been able to maintain close communication with their family while on active service and when after having been discharged from the army, they returned to their former homes, which were near to that of their parents in Eastern Cumberland County, Pennsylvania, they were astonished to find that the Strock family, their father, mother, nine brothers and sisters, their wives and their own nine children, had all left the neighborhood and had "gone west" into Ohio. Not having the means to purchase horses, the brothers followed their relatives on foot, and eventually were reunited with their folk. The Strock family appear to have been loyal one to another, and undoubtedly the sons took stalwart part in the work of clearing the timber from the property of their father. Eventually Joseph Strock, Sr., "on account of his industry and economy and the fertility of the Mahoning Valley," became the owner of an extensive acreage of good tillable land, and before his death, in 1832, was able to give to each of his eleven sons a farm sufficient for the maintenance of the latter's family thereon. Joseph Strock, Sr., was a man of commendable thrift, was economical in all his ways, and lived a simple, wholesome life of industrious tilling of the soil. It is related of him that one day he looked sternly across the table at a grandson, who had just spread both butter and applebutter upon a slice of bread, and said: "Has your father got two farms." Such an illustration indicates the sturdiness of purpose, the self-denial, and the economy the worthy pioneer settlers had to practice in order to successfully carry through the hard and unprofitable work of winning a home from the wilderness. The Strock family has certainly good place among the pioneer families of the Mahoning Valley. GEORGE B. SNYDER, the present postmaster of Youngstown is a veteran of the postal service, having started as a carrier in 1888. For many years he has also been one of the leading editors and newspaper men of Northeastern Ohio. Mr. Snyder, who served a previous term as postmaster during the second Cleveland administration, was born in the city of Cleveland, Ohio, May 5, 1868. His parents were Stewart and Mary Agnes (Murray) Snyder. His father was a pioneer carriage manufacturer at Youngstown, conducting a plant for a number of years at Walnut on Federal Street. Stewart Snyder was from Troy, New York, and his wife from Pennsylvania and they were married in Pittsburg. Her father had a hotel at Pittsburg and ran the first bus line between Pittsburg and Wilkinsburg. Stewart Snyder worked at his trade as a carriage maker in Pittsburg and from there removed to Cleveland and in 1871 came to Youngstown. He was a veteran of the Mexican war, having been with the Ordnance Department in Scott's army during the Mexican invasion. He was an expert wheelwright and his duty was the repairing of cannon carriages at the battlefront. He entered the City of Mexico with General Scott. Stewart Snyder was distinguished by a love of fine horses. He sold Chauncey H. Andrews his first brood mare. Stewart Snyder died in 1899, at the age of seventy-nine, and his wife passed away in 1904, aged seventy-six. She was a Lutheran while he was a Presbyterian and Master Mason. They had a family of four daughters and three sons. Those still living besides George B. are : Kate, whose home is on Elm Street, Youngstown; B. F., with the Youngstown Candy Company; and Hallie, now Mrs. Wilson, of Plattsburg, New York. George B. Snyder finished his education in the Rayen High School, and his first employment was in the McKelvey store. After four years there in 1888 he was appointed a city mail carrier and a year later was promoted to superintendent of carriers. In 1891 he resigned from the postoffice to join the staff of the Youngstown Vindicator. In 1894 he was appointed by President Cleveland as the Youngstown postmaster and served until 1898. He then resumed his associations with the Vindicator, and for eight years was its city editor, continuing until he again became postmaster by appointment of President Wilson on January 15, 1914. He still keeps up his newspaper work, being correspondent for the Mahoning Valley and Youngstown department of the Pittsburg Dispatch. Mr. Snyder is a democrat, a member of the Youngstown Rotary Club, a Mason, an Elk, an Odd Fellow and a member of the Royal Arcanum. April 16, 1895, he married Miss Nettie Walter, a daughter of Anton W. Walter, of Canton, Ohio. They have two children, George B., Jr., and Mary Louise, now the wife of George Taylor Evans. Lieutenant George B. Snyder, Jr., now manager of YOUNGSTOWN AND THE MAHONING VALLEY - 165 the Woolworth Store at Niles, Michigan, was trained in the Central Officers Training School at Camp Taylor, Kentucky, for the Field Artillery, where he received his commission as lieutenant. He is the youngest thirty-second degree Mason and Shriner in Michigan. WILLIS W. GLASS, principal of the Warren Township, Trumbull County, school, a large school needing nine teachers for its more than 300 pupils, is widely know as a capable educator. He is professionally well regarded throughout three counties ; has for thirty-two years had active and creditable connection with the teaching profession in Mahoning, Portage and Trumbull counties of Ohio ; and for twenty-one years has been in highest academic responsibility, as principal and superintendent of schools. As such he is known and esteemed in North Jackson, Palmyra, Paris Township, and Warren Township; and for three years he was district supervisor of schools, with jurisdiction over forty teachers. It will therefore be seen that Mr. Glass's connection with educational development in the Mahoning Valley during the last three decades has been consequential. Personally, Mr. Glass is a man of many outstanding characteristics ; he is of commanding authoritative presence ; has a strong personality; and an intellectual bearing. He appears to combine much of the physical excellence of his father and his paternal grandfather with the stronger mentality and inclination to academic pursuits of some of his maternal ancestors; but his success as an educator has of course been directly due to his own efforts ; to his own comprehensiveness of preparation, which preparation included training in two normal schools, and to an innate thoroughness in execution, and also of course to a marked lucidity as a teacher and an appreciative, tolerant yet constructive understanding and supervision as a principal. Many qualities, other than academic learning, are necessary to constitute an able school principal, sincerity of interest in the educational welfare of students being- not the least important of such qualities, for to gain proper results, the instructor must first gain the confidence of his pupils ; and he must have an appreciative understanding of the trials of teachers, as well as a quick recognition of the quandaries that at times cause even the earnest and apt student to act with seeming and irritating stupidity. In other words, a school principal must in addition to his wide academic learning to be successful, be a man of good common sense and of broad understanding of human nature. Such qualities Mr. Glass has shown in his three decades as an educator. Willis W. Glass was born in Palmyra Centre, Portage County, Ohio, January 15, 1873, the son of John L. and Lucinda (Gray) Glass. The family is of colonial Dutch ancestry, early resident in Pennsylvania, and four generations have now had residence in the Mahoning Valley. The paternal grandfather of Willis W. Glass originally settled in Milton Township, Mahoning County, Ohio ; and there John L., father of Willis W., was born in 1846. John L. Glass grew to manhood in Milton Township, and married there. He was a tow mill worker, and soon after he had married he moved to Palmyra Centre, where their son Willis W. was born. Later, he settled near Pricetown, a hamlet on the Mahoning River, on the county line between Mahoning and Trumbull counties, and about two miles from the present home of Willis W. Glass. John L. Glass is now in comparative retirement, but notwithstanding his seventy-four years is still active and not aged in appearance; in fact, he is remarkably well-preserved, and has scarceiy a gray hair. His life has been an active one, and his inclinations have been ever to mechanics. For such problems he seemed to have a natural aptitude. He has never been disposed to take part in public affairs, and has never sought political office, although he is a man well esteemed in the district, and might have had office in the local administration had he so wished. He has been a widower for four years, his wife dying in Milton Township, in 1916. Their three children were : Albert, who was a machinist, and died at the age of forty-one years; Willis W., a review of whose life and work in the Mahoning Valley is the main object of this sketch; Elmer J., who is now a successful farmer in Braceville Township, Trumbull County, but who in young manhood was for five years a teacher in schools of Trumbull and Portage counties. Willis W. Glass spent his early schooldays in Pricetown and having resolved to qualify for entrance to the teaching profession, eventually became a student at the Ohio North Eastern Normal College at Canfield, taking a course subsequently at the Kent Normal School also. He appears to have been an apt student, for he was only fifteen years old when he began to teach in a Trumbull County school. His record of thirty-two years' service as an educator in schools of Mahoning, Portage and Trumbull counties, includes twenty-one years as principal and superintendent. He was principal of North Jackson School, of Palmyra School and of Warren Township School; was superintendent of schools of Paris Township; and for three years was district supervisor of schools in a large district, and as such was responsible for the efficiency of forty teachers. He has for four years been principal of the Warren Township School, at Leavittsburg, about four miles to the westward of the City of Warren, and has brought that school up to a high grade of educational excellence. Application was recently made for a graded-school charter for the Warren Township School, which has over three hundred pupils and a teaching staff of nine, and the directors are apparently well satisfied with the administration of Mr. Glass. Mr. Glass is evidently a man of much energy and industriousness, for, notwithstanding his academic ties, he owns and farms an extensive agricultural acreage. He has two farms, one in Braceville Township and one of 200 acres in Newton Township, Trumbull County, that farm bordering Portage County. Upon the latter farm he resides ; and by consistent, persistent, and well-directed effort has brought that farm into excellent condition. His success as an agriculturist has in itself been quite appreciable, for in the course of years of personal application, employing little or no outside help, he 166 - YOUNGSTOWN AND THE MAHONING VALLEY has without initial capital of any consequence, earned title to two rich and well-improved farms. He has a fine new dwelling on the Newton Township farm, and has at his hand modern machinery and good general equipment for dairy farming. He has a large bank barn, a sufficient silo, and many other evidences of skillful farming. His farming pursuits, which he enjoys, have kept him in vigorous health, and his mental activities in academic connection, have most probably been all the more effective in consequence of his healthful hobbies. He closely follows all developments in education, and has given deep thought to the modern trend of public school education. He sees a need of a closer attention to mathematics in school curriculum; knows the value, in mental discipline, of mathematics ; and deplores the modern tendency as not truly educative. He sees a lack of thought cultivation, and his philosophical mind brings him more and more to realize that there is no royal road to education that broadens. He is a man of good Christian spirit, and knows the value upon the youth of a strict observance of religious practices ; and he fully realizes the power of parental example, viewing the modern inclination in parents to sabbatical laxity as a matter of grave concern to the child. Politically, Mr. Glass is a republican, although he has not actively participated in political campaigns; his life has been divided between academic and agricultural pursuits, the former of course predominating. His association with farming, however, has caused him to become, to some extent, identified with the functioning of the local Grange; and, fraternally, he is a Mason. Mr. Glass has been twice married; his first wife, whom he married in 1893, was Minnie Hudson of Paris Township, Portage County. For some years she was a music teacher and she was a woman of refinement. She died in 1915, and in the next year, 1916, Mr. Glass married Edith Petry, of Tuscarawas County, Ohio, who was also formerly in the teaching profession. The five children of Mr. Glass were all born to his first wife • the children are: Ruby, who married Harry Miller, of Warren; Arthur, who graduated from the Newton Falls High School, and is at home with his parent; Raymond, a graduate of the same school, and now in industrial life, a mechanic; Mildred, a high school student; Mabel, now in the graded school. VICTOR OLSON. Thirty years ago Victor Olson was hardly to be distinguished from other hundreds of toilers around the iron and steel plants of the Youngstown District. He could speak a few words only of broken English, and probably the most encouraging sign as to his future was his regular attendance at night school after a day's hard labor was completed. Now and for some years past Mr. Olson has been head of the Olson Contracting Company, and as a contractor of roads and buildings his achievements are in evidence in half a dozen states. Mr. Olson was born on a farm in Sweden August 1, 1872, son of John August and Elizabeth Matilda Olson, also natives of Sweden. His father died in 1884, at the age of fifty. Victor was then twelve years of age, and he was given the principal responsibilities in connection with the home farm until his mother married again, in 1888. She is still living in Sweden. In 1888, at the age of sixteen, Mr. Olson came to the United States. His first regular employment was in the blast furnace of the Brier Hill Steel Company at Youngstown. On arriving in America he was unable to speak a word of English. During his first six years at Youngstown he pursued the unvarying routine of working in the furnaces and mills ten and twelve hours and attending night school when many of his companions were either asleep or enjoying themselves. Every two weeks there would occur a change from the day to the night shift and in these alternating periods he would keep up his studies in the day time. His first wage was ninety cents a day. For fourteen years he was one of the faithful and hard working employes of the Brier Hill Company and the Youngstown Steel Company, and after his skill and earnestness were recognized he was frequently promoted. At one time he was assistant shipping clerk and weighmaster. For three years Mr. Olson was inspector of work for the engineering department of the City of Youngstown. He resigned that position to engage in contracting for himself. In the early years he specialized in sewer and cement construction, but in later years his contracts have taken on broader scope, and his business is practically country wide. The aggregate of his business would count up in the many millions, and he has given employment to thousands of men. At the present time he has a contract in Youngstown calling for $250,000 worth of material and work, besides contracts in Akron, Ohio, of equal size. He has just completed a $500, 000 road contract in the State of Delaware. Mr. Olson personally is big and strong, possessing an unbounded supply of energy and has the hard sense and the keen intellect that enable him to steer successfully among the many difficulties affecting the contracting business. Mr. Olson had the contract for the construction of the first ten miles of the National. Road in Ohio. He is a man of many other business interests. He is a director of the Home Building and Finance Company, a director of the South Side Bank, the South Side Savings and Loan Company, the Collateral and Loan Company, is one of the trustees of the Builders Exchange, and is in partnership with Peterson Brothers in men's furnishing goods and shoe store on Market Street. During the past thirty years Mr. Olson has seen Youngstown leap forward into rank with the first of American industrial centers, and his full influence has been given to that growth and development. For twenty years he has been chairman of the trustees of the Swedish Mission and is president of the Scandanavian Republican Club. July 11, 1896, he married Miss Minnie Emelia Linstrum, who was born at Jamestown, New York, daughter of John and Annie (Larson) Linstrum. Mr. and Mrs. Olson have six daughters and one son: Gertrude Emelia, Mabel Elizabeth, Chauncey Emanuel, Hazel YOUNGSTOWN AND THE MAHONING VALLEY - 167 Victoria, Isabel Ereika, Helen Mae and Burnice Louise. EDWARD A. GRIMM. Among the men of the Mahoning Valley who, by what they have achieved in business endeavor and for what they have done and are doing for the welfare of the community, have earned honorable mention in the written history of the valley, is Edward A. Grimm, of Warren. For twenty years he has been a factor in the business and civic affairs of the city, and has labored not only to get and to have something for himself but to give something of himself for the benefit of future generations. Mr. Grimm is descended from two old Pennsylvania Dutch families. His parents were born in Pennsylvania and there spent their entire lives. His father, John L. Grimm, was born at Freedom in Beaver County in 1842, while his mother, Mary E. (Harpst) Grimm, was born in Mercer County in 1848. Their son Edward A. was born at Sharon, Pennsylvania, March 7, 1873, and attended the public schools of that city. Business experience began for him very young, first as a newsboy and then as clerk in a store. In his nineteenth year he engaged in business on his own account, opening a store at Beaver Falls, Pennsylvania. This he continued to operate until 1902, in which year he removed to Warren, and for the following eight years was engaged in a millinery and art store in Warren. In Iwo he disposed of that business. gave up commercial pursuits and entered the field of real estate, in which he has since continued. That business, considering the conditions in and around Warren during the last decade, has been nothing less than a real public service. His dealings were started on a modest scale, rapidly grew in volume, and soon expanded to include the building of homes to be sold on easy payment. He laid out what are known as Grimm's First, Second, Third and Fourth allotments, upon which he built a large number of modern homes, and by doing so helped to solve in a measure the housing problem which confronted Warren, and also contributed to the growth of the city by enabling it to take advantage of the industrial opportunities of the last few years. Aside from his real estate and building program Mr. Grimm has other interests. He is a member of the Board of Directors of the Peoples Savings Company of Warren and holds a financial interest in several other local corporations. He is a member of the Board of Directors of the Warren Board of Trade, and is a charter member and was the first treasurer of the Warren Rotary Club, is a member of the board of directors of the Warren Automobile Club, and a member of Warren Lodge of Elks. Soon after America entered the war with Germany Mr. Grimm gave up his business entirely and for the next two and a half years subordinated his private interests and recognized for that period no other call as imperative beyond patriotic duty to his country. While thus striving to render all aid to his government at home, his only son was "doing his bit" as a soldier in France, and thus they were a mutual inspiration to each other. Mr. Grimm's first notable service was rendered as county manager for the Warren Automobile Club in that organization's war work during the second Liberty Loan campaign, his jurisdiction extending all over Trumbull County outside the cities of Warren and Niles. The Warren Automobile Club organized for the express purpose of performing war work in the United States. The results achieved gained for the club national fame and its example was copied in every state in the Union. Mr. Grimm was also county chairman of the committee during the second, third, fourth and fifth campaigns and was continuously county chairman for the War Savings Stamps sales. In each campaign his committee secured the full quota of sales allotted to it. Mr. Grimm was also "big chief" of the "Strong Armed Crew" later known as the "Wrecking Crew," an organization which looked after all slackers and other characters whose actions and talk became obnoxious to patriotic people of Trumbull County. His official work in these different war organizations continued until January I, 1920. He also rendered much valuable aid to the Red Cross and War Chest campaigns, and after the signing of the armistice and the return of the soldiers, as custodian of the Warren Armory, he lost no opportunity to aid in relief and entertainment in behalf of the boys who came back. Mr. Grimm married Miss Etta Fox of Warren, who is now deceased. To their marriage was born one son, Theodore H., who was among the first fifteen boys from Warren to volunteer and enlist for military service in the World war. He received his military training at Camp Sherman and went overseas with the famous Sixth Regiment of Infantry of the regulars as a private in Company K. He was with Company K on the different western fronts of France, where all of its officers above the rank of sergeant were killed in action. He accompanied his regiment into Germany, the Sixth having been the only regiment in the American Expeditionary Forces to do active duty in Germany prior to the signing of the armistice. Young Grimm was on duty when hostilities ceased and was mustered out of the service and discharged a first sergeant. HON. WILLIAM BISHOP KILPATRICK, attorney of Warren, has lived in the Mahoning valley all his life and for over twenty years has been prominent in the political and civic history of Warren and Trumbull County. Three times he was elected and served as mayor of Warren, was twice a member of the Legislature from Trumbull County, and was a delegate from his home county and one of the prominent workers in the Ohio Constitutional Convention of 1912. This branch of the Kilpatrick family is of Irish stock and both grandparents of the present generation were born in Ireland. William Kilpatrick, father of the Warren attorney, was born in this country, was reared in the East, learned the trade of iron moulder, and in early manhood came to Warren where his brother was at that time living. In War- 168 - YOUNGSTOWN AND THE MAHONING VALLEY ren he married Grace Hull, daughter of an early citizen in the Western Reserve. William Kilpatrick died at Warren in April, 1914, and his wife in 1908. William Bishop Kilpatrick was born at Warren September 5, 1877, and graduated from the city high school in 1896. His law studies were carried on in the office of the late George P. Hunter, and was admitted to the bar in 1901. In the past twenty years he has earned an enviable reputation as a safe counselor, and while much of his time has been taken up by important legal cases he has also been generous of his professional services in behalf of interests that give little or no remuneration. In 1899, two years before he was admitted to the bar, Mr. Kilpatrick received his first political honor when he was elected on the democratic ticket a member of the Warren City Council. He was then just twenty-one years of age. He served a year and declined re-election. In 1901 and again in 1903 he was the unsuccessful candidate of his party for mayor. While defeated he enjoyed the satisfaction of greatly reducing the large republican majority each time. In 1905 the party again put him at the head of the ticket, and in that campaign he was successful. His administration was efficient and all that his best friends and supporters had predicted. In 1907 occurred a strenuous and bitter campaign in which he was re-elected. Mr. Kilpatrick has the distinction of being the first democratic mayor of Warren since the Civil war and one of only two democratic mayors ever elected in the city. In 1908 he was democratic candidate for Common Pleas judge. His republican opponent was also a resident of Warren, and while the republicans carried the outlying district and defeated Mr. Kilpatrick, there was a compensation for the latter in the fact that he carried his home city and reduced the republican majority in the district as it had never before been reduced. In 1909 Mr. Kilpatrick was elected as a democrat from Trumbull County to the Ohio Legislature and re-elected in 1911, being one of the very useful members of two sessions. While still a member of the Legislature in 1912 he was chosen to represent Trumbull County at the Constitutional Convention. In 1915 came his third election as mayor of Warren, and he served at the head of the city government during two important years, 1915-17. From this overwhelming evidence it rs obvious to conclude that Mr. Kilpatrick is easily the most popular member of his party in Trumbull County. In many branches of civic life he has also been prominent. He has been president and attorney of the Trumbull County Humane Society since 1902, and is a member of the Board of Trustees of the Trumbull County Children's Home. He is a member of the Warren Board of Trade, the Independent Order of Odd Fellows and the Knights of Pythias. August II, 1905, Mr. Kilpatrick married Miss Dorothy Robbins, daughter of Charles C. and Jennie Robbins of Mesapotamia, Ohio. They have a family of four children: Bishop, Page, W. B. and Grace. WILBER B. YOUNG. In writing of the talented, energetrc and progressive men who have been prominent and influential in the upbuilding of Youngstown, special mention should be made of Wilber B. Young, a live, wide-awake contractor who has been closely associated with the building activities of the city for many years, and as one of its busiest and most popular contractors has erected many of its more important and substantial business buildings and handsome residences. A native of Youngstown, he was born November 24, 1883, a son of Arthur George Young, and grandson of George A. Young, who spent a large part of his life in the Mahoning Valley. Born and educated in Baltimore, Maryland, George A. Young as a boy of fourteen years came with Colonel Hillman to Mahoning County, and here learned the trade of a cooper and of a furrier. He subsequently located in Youngstown, establishing his home at the corner of Champion and Front streets. He was quite a noted character in his day, taking a personal interest in local progress and improvement, and with his good wife being especially active in church affairs and in the religious training of the children, the first Baptist Sunday School formed in the city having been organized at the old Young homestead. He lived to the venerable age of four score and four years. Born in Youngstown on the parental homestead, Arthur G. Young continued a resident of the city until his death in 191o, at the age of fifty-six years. Possessing artistic and mechanical ability as a youth, he studied' architecture under a skilled architect, Mr. Ellis, and for a period of thirty-five years was actively employed as a contractor, erecting among other structures worthy of note the Stambaugh-Thompson Hardware Store, and many of the attractive residences on Wick Avenue. He was a builder in every sense implied by the term, and an earnest supporter of all projects tending toward the betterment of the community. Fraternally he belonged to the Ancient Free and Accepted Order of Masons; to the Independent Order of Odd Fellows; and to the Benevolent and Protective Order of Elks. He- was also a member of various other lodges, clubs and commercial organizations, being prominent and active in each. The maiden name of the wife of Arthur G. Young was Ella Pollock. She was born in New Brighton, Pennsylvania, a daughter of Amandus Pollock, and here spent her brief life, dying in early womanhood. She was the mother of four children, namely: Wilber B., the subject of this sketch ; Cora Dill, wife of W. G. Wilson, secretary of the Pollock Company of Youngstown; Myrtle, wife of 0. E. Hawk, of Youngstown, head of the firm of Hawk & Palmer; and Elizabeth, who was the wife of R. L. Kernochan, and died at her home in Titusville, Pennsylvania, at a comparatively early age. Wilber B. Young acquired his early education in Youngstown, and after his graduation from the Rayen High School traveled extensively, visiting different places in the north, south, east and west, and as a contractor in various lines worked in New Orleans, San Francisco, and various other large cities. In April, 1918, he organized the Wilber B. Young Construction Company, .and has since filled numerous contracts of note, among others having built the Hippodrome Theatre; the Barrett Com- YOUNGSTOWN AND THE MAHONING VALLEY - 169 pany Tar Products Plant; the Century Building; the Jonathan Warren farm buildings ; the Strouss residence ; one hundred houses, on one contract, for the Sheet & Tube Works ; and many other prominent buildings. Mr. Young married, June 22, 1912, Miss Lillian, daughter of Daniel Gordon, of the Carnegie Steel Plant, and they have two children, Alicean and Wilber B., Jr. Fraternally Mr. Young is a member of the Benevolent and Protective Order of Elks, and likewise of the Youngstown Country Club, the Chamber of Commerce, and the Youngstown Club. EDWIN CLYDE FERGUSON is owner and proprietorof the Rexall Drug Store at Niles. He is a pharmacist by profession, and was connected with a number of drug establishments in the Mahoning Valley before he engaged in business for himself. He takes pride in his work, and has one of the best systematized as well as one of the most prosperous establishments of the kind in Trumbull County. Mr. Ferguson was born at Uhrichsville, Ohio, March 28, 1881, son of Samuel P. and Sarah (Johnson) Ferguson. His father was born in 1857 and his mother in 1863. Samuel P. Ferguson has spent most of his life as a farmer in Lawrence County, Pennsylvania. For several years he lived at Uhrichsville, Ohio, and then returned to his farm and is now retired at Mount Jackson, Pennsylvania. Besides his interests as a farmer he has served as tax collector in Lawrence County, and has always exercised much influence in republican politics in his section of the country. He is affiliated with the Knights of Pythias. Samuel Ferguson and wife have two children, Edwin Clyde and Mary, who lives at Hillville, Pennsylvania, the widow of Ira Baird. Edwin Clyde Ferguson did not remain on the farm long. He graduated from the Mount Jack: on High School, attended the Slippery Rock State Normal, and studied pharmacy in the Ohio Northern University at Ada. He was in Youngstown for some time, with the Krauters Drug Store and the Fred Gibson Drug Company. In 1902 he became associated with E. H. Lotze at Girard, and then came to Niles. For a time he was in the B. F. Griffith store, following which for nine years he was a partner in the firm of Kennedy & Ferguson. When the partnership was dissolved he purchased his partner's interest and engaged in business for himself. Like other stores of the kind the Rexall at Niles specializes in high class drugs, and with its various departments it is one of the best stores and most liberally patronized by the public. Mr. Ferguson is also a director of the McKinley Savings & Loan Company. He is a republican, is a Knight Templar Mason, is affiliated with Al Koran Temple of the Mystic Shrine at Cleveland, and belongs to the Elks and Knights of Pythias. In 1905 he married Edna L. Adams, a daughter of F. R. Adams. They have two daughters, Katherine and Martha. Mr. and Mrs. Ferguson are members of the Methodist Church. FRANK ASA DOUGHTON, the present trustee of Hubbard Township, is a practrcal business man as well as a successful farmer and is widely known as such in Trumbull County. He assumed business responsibilities when a mere youth, and has always been in direct contact with large affairs and has shown a steadily increasing public spirit in everything that concerns the welfare of his locality. He taught school for a number of years in the vicinity of Hubbard. Mr. Doughton, whose home is six miles northeast of Youngstown, was born in Hubbard Township on the Youngstown-Hubbard road, February 17, 1863. His birthplace was the first settlement in Trumbull County of grandfather David Doughton. David Doughton was a soldier in the War of 1812 and a man of a great deal of enterprise and spirit, sufficient evidence of which is found in the fact that he died at Fort Laramie, Wyoming, while en route to California in pioneer days in 1849, being at that time seventy-nine years of age. A monument has since been erected to his memory in Hubbard. The old brick house he built is still standing. Stephen Doughton, father of Frank Asa, was a natural business executive and his interests were widely diversified. He owned a number of farms, including the Jewell farm on Doughton road. For a number of years he lived at Lisbon, Ohio, and was also an iron producer at Leetonia, being a member of the firm Chamberlain, Mathers & Doughton. He was a close friend of J. G. Butler and moved in a circle with many of the prominent business men of the day. He exploited a number of coal fields, finding and testing out new fields, and after proving their value leased them for operations to practical miners. He became owner of the North farm, a part of the five hundred acre tract acquired by the pioneer, George North. This also included the Bussey farm, where Frank Asa Doughton lives. From Lisbon Stephen Doughton moved to the Jewell farm, and carried on business on a large scale. He frequently had a hundred cows, many horses and other livestock. He established and operated a cheese factory, buying much milk from other producers as well as that produced in his own dairy. He received large royalties from the Brookfield coal mines, and in early life was a lumber manufacturer, operating three mills over a large area. He made a practice of buying timber tracts and converting them into lumber. Stephen Doughton was a man above the ordinary in rntelligence, and possessed a college education acquired in Allegheny College at Meadville, Pennsylvania. He was a sound thinker and could express himself well in public addresses, and frequently took the stump during political campaigns. He was a democrat and at one time a friend of the prominent Ohio democrat Vollandingham. He believed in good schools, served a number of terms on school boards, and in early life was a member of the Disciples Church, but in Lisbon belonged to the Baptist denomination. Stephen Doughton married Emeline Waldorf, of Brookfield Township, where she was born, a daughter of Asa Waldorf. She died at Lisbon in the fall of 1865. Stephen Doughton was born April 10, 1823, and died March 28, 1909, at the age of eighty-six. His later wife was Mrs. Jesse Jones, and they had a child, Stephen, now a newspaper man in New York City. By the first marriage there were seven 170 - YOUNGSTOWN AND THE MAHONING VALLEY children : Charles David, who remained on the farm and died at the age of thirty-two ; Andrew, who at the age of thirteen was drowned while saving the life of a companion; Emma, who died in childhood; Clara Alice, who became the wife of Doctor Graham, of Lisbon, and both are now deceased; Harriet, Mrs. William Wallace, of Youngstown; Frank A.; and John, a contractor and owner of the old Jewell farm, living at Hubbard. Frank Asa Doughton was twelve years of age when the family moved to the Jewell farm. He had attended the schools at Lisbon, and after completing his education he was commissioned with rapidly increasing responsibilities by his father in looking after several farms. At his father's death he was appointed administrator of the estate, one of the largest of the township. Mr. Doughton acquired as his share the Bussey farm of a hundred forty acres, and has made that the scene of a busy life. One important feature is a large orchard, principally peaches, and fruit culture has been profitable in his experience. He also kept a dairy and operated a milk route in Youngstown, had been a breeder of Shorthorn cattle, and especially during his father's lifetime bred and trained many fine trotting horses. His father always enjoyed a fine looking horse. Mr. Doughton enjoys all clean sports and nothing better than a good horse race. Besides the business of his farm he is a road contractor, and has done his share toward constructing some of the good roads in Hubbard and Liberty townships. Politically he is independent, and was recently elected township trustee. He is affiliated with the Knights of Pythias Lodge at Coalburg, serving as trustee of the local lodge for several years, and has also attended sessions of the Grand Lodge. At the age of twenty-one he married Martha Walters, of Coalburg, a Hubbard Township girl. Five children were born to their marriage. Wallace, who is in the welfare department of the Brier Hill Iron & Steel Company; Clara, who lives at Sharon, Pennsylvania, where her husband, Thomas Harris, is yardmaster for the Erie Railway and is also vice president of the Gas Company at McKeesport ; Harriet, wife of Archibald Brown, a draftsman in Youngstown, her home being with Mr. Doughton; Bettie, employed in an office at Sharon; and Stephen, who is with the Truscon Company at Youngstown. LYNN B. DANA. The Dana family has been promrnent in the Mahoning Valley for three generations. The family is of New England stock, and has given to the world a number of men who were leaders in the arts, education, journalism and the ministry. Professor Dana of Yale University, and Charles A. Dana of the New York Sun were of this family. The New England ancestor was Jacob Dana, of Pomfret, Connecticut. His son, Andrew, was a native of Connecticut, and figured prominently in the local history of that state. Daniel, son of Andrew, was killed in the battle of Wyoming. His son, Daniel II, who was also born in Connecticut, was graduated from Yale College in 1782, and started west to Warren, Ohio, in 1829, undertaking the long journey with his family in a wagon. While en route, his wife died at Girard, Pennsylvania, and burying her by the roadside, he returned to Connecticut, and it was not until the following year, that he again set out for Warren. However, he did not settle at Warren after all, but at West Farmington, in Trumbull County. Junius Dana, son of Daniel II, was born in New Hampshire, and came to Warren, Ohio, in 1830, and for many years was a leading man in the Mahoning Valley. He was Warren's leading school teacher from 1840 to 1848; he was one of the promoters and organizers, and also a director, of the Cleveland & Mahoning Railway, which was the first railroad to be built to run through Trumbull County, and is now included as a part of the Erie Railroad System. He was a director of the old First National Bank of Warren, and was cofounder of and secretary of the Dana Musical Institute of Warren. For a time he was financially interested with Charles A. Dana in the publication of the New York Sun. The death of this representative man occurred at Warren in 1907. His wife, Martha (Potter) Dana, died at Warren in 1887. Prof. William Henry Dana, son of Junius and Martha (Potter) Dana, was born at Warren, Ohio, on June 10, 1846, and became a most distinguished educator, author and lecturer on the subject of music. He was academically educated in the Warren public schools and Williston Seminary at Williston, Massachusetts. In 1862 he left the Warren High School and enlisted for service in the war between the states, and served his first enlistment in the One Hundred and Seventy-First Ohio Volunteer Infantry Regulars, being in the West under General Burbridge, and in the Shenandoah Valley under General Hancock. At different times he was attached to the staffs of Generals Hancock, Brooks and Shoeff. When the war was over Professor Dana took up the study of music under leading eastern masters, and then was engaged in teaching music at Warren for a number of years. Later he studied music at Berlin, Germany, and the Royal Academy of Music, London, England, from which he received a diploma. In 1869 Professor Dana returned to Warren and established the Dana Musical Institute, which was developed into what is now one of the most famous schools of music in the world, through his efforts and enthusiasm. In 1880 he traveled abroad, visiting Scandinavia, Russia and other parts of Europe and in the Arctic regions. The Dana Musical Institute was but a modest institution at the time of its foundation, but it grew in size and fame from year to year until it was and is now recognized as one of four of the greatest schools of music in the world, and today is the only university of the world where daily instructions are given in every branch of musical education. It is the only school of music supporting its own string quartette, string orchestra, symphony orchestra, military concert band and chorus, with a staff of fourteen, and an enrollment representing every state in the Union, Canada, Hawaii, Cuba, and the Philippines. Professor Dana won distinction not alone as an instructor of music, but also both as an author and lecturer on musical topics. He was the author of YOUNGSTOWN AND THE MAHONING VALLEY - 171 several volumes, all of which are today standard text books on music. He was American editor of the "Encyclopedia of Music and Musicians," published at Glasgow, Scotland; he assisted in the preparation of other works, and was a contributor to magazine literature. He was a member of the National Educational Association and read a paper before that organization. One of the three who founded the Music Teachers' National Association, he served it as treasurer for a number of years. He was a graduate of the American College of Musicians and one of its executives; a fellow of the Royal Academy of Music of London, England, a member of the Authors' Club of the same city, and was awarded a diploma by the Universal Exposition of Music held at Bologna, Italy in 1888. Professor Dana had still other claims to distinction, for he was a member of the military order of the Loyal Legion, a thirty-second degree Mason and was active in civic affairs, serving as councilman at Warren, and was prominent in many other ways, being recognized as an authority on public matters as well as on music. He died at Warren in 1906. Professor Dana was united in marriage with Emma Jane Tuttle, who was born in New York, a daughter of Rev. William S. and Jane L. (Pratt) Tuttle, of Akron, New York. Mrs. Dana died in 1912 at the age of sixty-two years. The children born to Professor Dana and his wife were as follows: J. LeRoy, who is now a resident of Cleveland, Ohio; Lynn B., who lives at Warren; Beatrice D. Stiles, who is a resident of Buffalo, New York; and Martha D. Huntley, who is a resident of Cleveland, Ohio. Lynn B. Dana was born at Middleport, New York, on October 15, 1875. He was educated in the Warren public schools and gained his early musical training at the Dana Musical Institute, of which he is now the guiding genius. He was a pupil in piano under Anton Di Kontski, Jacob Schmitt, William H. Sherwood and Robert . Goldbeck, and a pupil in theory and pipe organ under his father. He has been a concert pianist and accompanist since 1897; .director of Dana Symphony Orchestra since 1901, and president of the institute since 1906, at which time, following the death of his father, he succeeded that illustrious gentleman. Mr. Dana was assistant musical director of the music at Chautauqua Institution at Chautauqua, New York, for thirteen years. He wrote the music for the cornerstone ceremonies and composed a special oratorio—"The Triumph of Faith," for the dedication of the Birthplace Memorial of William McKinley at Niles, Ohio. Like his father, Mr. Dana is a man of affairs, being now a director of the National American Musical Festival, of Lockport, New York, and was president of the Ohio Music Teachers' Association for 1914, 1915 and 1916. He served as a member of Company C, Second Ohio Infantry in the Spanish-American war in 1898. As a thirty-second degree Mason and president of the Warren Masonic Club, he is well known in Masonry. Mr. Dana is a director of the Hotel Warren corporation, a member of Warren Board of Trade, and secretary of the Warren Rotary Club. On June 21, 1901, Mr. Dana was united in marriage with Retta C. Nimocks, a daughter of G. W. and Hattie E. (Newell) Nimocks, of Great Bend, Kansas. Mr. and Mrs. Dana have one son, Lynn B. Dana, Jr., who was born on March 7, 1911. ELTON G. DUNLAP. To prosper in a business way, to be a useful and respected citizen, and to find happiness in social and home surroundings, is probably the aim of the majority of well brought up, wholesome American youths when they leave their school days behind them. The climb upward is undoubtedly harder for some than others and industry and integrity are required of all, but failure can scarcely come when enterprise and enthusiasm continue. Like many other young men, Elton G. Dunlap, treasurer of the Youngstown & Sharon- Street Railway Company, gained his initial business experience in other than the line with which he has been identified for almost twenty years. Elton G. Dunlap was born in Trumbull County, Ohio, October 20, 1881, and is a son of Homer and Martha (Rogers) Dunlap, who still reside on their farm in Trumbull County, in which county their parents were early settlers. Elton G. Dunlap attended the country schools in early boyhood and later the high school at Girard, and following his graduation from the same, taught school for a year. During the next year he was with the Young: town Dry Goods Company as a clerk, and for six months was with the Pennsylvania & Lake Erie Railroad Company. In 1901 he accepted the position of night ticket agent at Youngstown, for the Youngstown & Sharon Street Railway Company, and has been identified with this corporation ever since, climbing step by step, serving in every subordinate position until 1911, when he was elected treasurer of the company. He has some additional business interests at Youngstown, among which may be included the Cohasset Realty Company, of which he was one of the organizers and is present secretary. In 1903 Mr. Dunlap was united in marriage to Miss Gertrude Smallcombe, who was born in England and was brought to America by her aunt, Miss Anna Greenwood. Mr. and Mrs. Dunlap have one son, Homer, who was born in 1905 and is yet attending school. The family belongs to Central Christian Church at Youngstown. During the World war Mr. Dunlap was patriotically active and was a member of the American Protective League. JAMES HENRY NUTT. For over forty years James Henry a prominent citizen of Youngstown has been officially identified with labor interests in the Mahoning Valley, in which his intelligent understanding, his calm, sober judgment and his stern sense of justice have made him invaluable. Despite the worrying cares of an unusually busy life, the years have passed over him kindly, and at an age when many men long for ease and retirement, he is still directing important organizations and deciding questions of grave responsibility. James Henry Nutt was born in Worcestershire, England, November 19, 1848, a son of Thomas and Ann Nutt. His father was a tin plate worker, or "tinner" of Worcestershire, and both parents died in England. The son's educational privileges were restricted, as he was only nine years old when he went 172 - YOUNGSTOWN AND THE MAHONING VALLEY to work in a tin mill, where he continued, becoming a sheet mill worker, until nineteen years old. In 1868 he came to the United States feeling sure of finding employment, in which he was not disappointed, for the mills at Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, wanted experienced men. From there he went to New York, thence to Ohio, and in 1876 became an employe in the Brown-Bonnell mill at Youngstown, in which he worked as a heater until 1891. In the meanwhile Mr. Nutt had become a man of some public importance at Youngstown, in 1884 being elected city councilman on the republican ticket, and served the city three terms, and in 1891 was appointed city commissioner. In this office he was active in the legislation that brought the electric light plants to the city and resulted in electrifying the street railways. After an extended period of usefulness, Mr. Nutt resigned from the city commission board in order to be free to accept the office of commissioner of the Labor Bureau of the Ma- honing Valley Manufacturers' Association. This position was a newly made one and Mr. Nutt was the first incumbent, and later when the work of the bureau was extended to include all western manufacturers of steel, and the Republic Iron & Steel Company, he served as secretary of the labor bureau and continued until 1906. Mr. Nutt was one of the organizers of the Western Bar Iron Association, which takes in all iron mills from Pittsburgh west to the coast, and has been secretary of this body since 1906. In 1912 he was one of the organizers of the Western Sheet & Tinplate Manufacturers' Association, composed of independent sheet and tin mills negotiating with the amalgamated associations, and has been secretary ever since. While still a mill employe, he was selected to represent the amalgamated interests at various labor conferences between the men and the manufacturers, and his careful handling of weighty questions was responsible for his selection as a member of the labor bureau. As an honest, sincere, just and intelligent man, he enjoys confidence and universal respect. Few men are better acquainted with the labor question in the Mahoning Valley District than Mr. Nutt. On November 26, 1871, Mr. Nutt was married to Miss Sarah Ward, of Boston, Massachusetts, and of their nine children the following are living : Harry W., who is a mechanical engineer residing in Boston; Albert James, who is a contractor at Toledo, and George, who was a lieutenant in the Medical Reserve Corps, serving sixteen months during the World war, and now a medical practitioner at Youngstown. A daughter, Edith, now deceased, was the wife of Dr. Emmus G. Twitchell, who served as captain with the Medical Reserve Corps in France, during the World war. Mr. Nutt served on the board of education at Youngstown from 1912 until 1916, when he resigned to accept the position of safety director under Mayor Thornton. In connection with that office different lines of war work brought Mr. Nutt into touch with every committee formed to assist in the prosecution of the war. No more loyal or effective choice could have been made by Mayor Thornton. Mr. Nutt was made a Mason while living in New York, and he has attained the thirty-second degree, belonging to Lake Erie Consistory and the other bodies at Youngstown. He belongs also to the Mystic Shrine. Both Mr. Nutt and wife are members of St. John's Episcopal Church. ELMER A. OSBORNE of Warren, is of the third generation of his branch of the Osborne family in the Mahoning Valley, of which his paternal grandfather, Abraham Osborne, was a pioneer resident, while his father, Allen Osborne, was born in the Valley. His maternal grandfather, Isaac Brobst, was an early settler in the vicinity of Leavittsburg, Trumbull County, while his mother, Harriet, was born on the old Brobst farm. Allen Osborne spent his life in Trumbull County and died here in 1879, but his widow still survives. Elmer A. Osborne, commonly known as "the Suit Man," was born at Fosterville, just south of Youngstown, on February 1, 1875. His father dying when he was but four years old, he was taken by his maternal grandfather. He attended the district schools, and began his business career in 1900 as a grocery salesman at Warren, later becoming a clothing salesman. In 1909 he established himself independently as a dealer in clothing and men's furnishings at No. 29 Main Street, and from the start did such an excellent business that by 1915 his trade had outgrown his original quarters and he moved to 13 East Market Street, where he operates what is probably the leading establishment in his line at Warren. In addition to this concern, Mr. Osborne has other interests and is a member of the Board of Directors of the Trumbull Savings & Loan Company, of Warren, and is also on the directorate of the Trumbull Banking Company of Girard, a subsidiary of the Trumbull Savings & Loan Company. He is a member of the order of Odd Fellows, and of the Odd Fellows Club and the Rotary Club. The Warren Automobile Club, which rendered great aid during the various Liberty Loan campaigns in the great war, has Mr. Osborne as its vice president and he has always been a forceful factor in its management, and he was one of the leaders of its activities during the war. Mr. Osborne was united in marriage with Anna Flowers, a daughter of George A. Flowers, formerly of Warren, but now of Oklahoma. Mr. and Mrs. Osborne have three children, namely: Hazel, Lee and Glen. Mr. Osborne is essentially a self-made man, and his success is entirely clue to his own efforts. He is a man of large affairs, and is capable of administering them in an efficient manner, and also of giving to his community a whole-hearted service which cannot but prove of benefit to it. His family is one of the best known ones in the Valley, and he is living up to its traditions in every respect, and earning fresh laurels for the name by his enterprise and steadfast integrity. It is such men as Mr. Osborne who make a community stand out from its competitors in a favorable light, and attract to its midst new residents and fresh capital. JUDGE DAVID F. GRIFFITH. Prominent for many years in the practice of law at Youngstown, and serving two successive terms on the Probate Court YOUNGSTOWN AND THE MAHONING VALLEY - 173 bench, Judge David F. Griffith has evidenced great legal ability, and has won high consideration as a jurist. To Judge Griffith belongs the distinction of having established the first Juvenile Court in Mahoning County and bringing into being the first Detention Home. In the public schools of Mineral Ridge, Ohio, Mr. Griffith received his early educational training, then entered the Northeastern Ohio Normal College, and in 1890 was graduated from this institution with the degree of A. B. He then applied himself to the study of law under the supervision of Judge King and John E. McVey at Youngstown, and was admitted to the Ohio bar in October, 1894. He remained associated with the law firm of King & McVey until 1900, when he opened an office of his own and entered into general practice. As hale many other young men seeking a professional career, Mr. Griffith in earlier years found it expedient to add to his income, and he accomplished this by teaching school in the country districts for a time, and in the night schools of the City of Youngstown. Later he became superintendent of the Mineral Ridge schools and in this office continued for three years. He is still remembered at that point as an able educator. In a few years after entering upon the practice of law, he was admitted to the United States courts. From early manhood Judge Griffith has been identified wtih the republican party, and on this ticket, in 1905, he was elected to the bench of the Probate Court. As judge of this court he served continuously until 1913, and on retirement returned once more to private practice. Mahoning County owes to Judge Griffith a debt of gratitude for his broadminded, conscientious efforts which brought about the establishing of the Juvenile Court, January I, 1907, over which he presided with marked efficiency until 1913, his interest continuing until the completion of the Detention Home. His great efficiency on the bench led to his nomination at a later date for the Common Pleas bench, for the district comprising Mahoning, Trumbull and Portage counties. Although not elected, his vote was very flattering as indicating the confidence reposed in him and the general esteem in which he is held. In 1891 Judge Griffith was united in marriage to Miss Hattie C. Phillips, of Canfield, Ohio. Mrs. Griffith formerly was a student in the Northwestern Ohio Normal College, and later became a teacher. Judge Griffith and wife have three children, namely: Mary Gertrude, Mildred Jean and Wendell. IRVIN W. GUTHMAN. Youngstown has reason to be proud of the success achieved by many of the more recently established business houses here, as thus is proved the enterprise and reliability of some of her native sons. A ready example is found in the Guthman Electric Company, which was founded in 1915, by Irvin W. Guthman, who through industry and good judgment has won hearty recognition in the city's business life. Irvin W. Guthman was born at Youngstown, Ohio, December 20, 1889. His parents were Elias L. and Hannah (Weil) Guthman, both now deceased. The father was born in Germany, and the mother was of German parentage. For many years the father was a retail jeweler at Youngstown, a member of the old jewelry house of Guthman Bros. & Company, no longer existing. Mr. Guthman had school privileges at Youngstown, and after completing the high school course, entered plumbing establishment of L. B. Sheible & Son, as an apprentice, and continued there four years, during that time acquiring a thorough knowledge of the modern plumbing business. In 1914 he embarked in business for himself, in partnership with J. Howard Bothwell, under the firm style of the Bothwell-Guthman Electric Company, contractors. In August, 1915, Mr. Guthman sold his interest to Mr. Bothwell and established the Guthman Electric Company at 115 South Champion Street. In January, 1919, he moved to more commodious quarters at 29 South Phelps Street, where a large volume of business is being done. Mr. Guthman keeps five employes and gives personal attention to all contracts, some of these being the most important awarded in the city for some time, among them being all electrical work for the Youngstown Hippodrome, for the Young Men's Christian Association Building and for Rodef Sholem Temple. On February 17, 1915, Mr. Guthman was united in marriage to Miss Leona Cohn, of Kane, Pennsylvania. He has never been particularly active in politics, but he has always been mindful of his city's best interests and is a member of the Chamber of Commerce. He belongs additionally to the Credit Men's Association, and to the Automobile Club. FRANK E. WILKIN, who is auditor for the Mahoning & Shenango Railway & Light Company, is one of the men of Youngstown who has proven his reliability in numerous capacities and has been engaged in this line of endeavor for many years. He was born at Kenton, Ohio, November 28, 1866, a son of Curtis and Fietta (Bowman) Wilkin, both of whom are now deceased. Curtis Wilkin was for many years engaged in a real estate business, making a specialty of the handling of farm properties. Frank E. Wilkin attended the public schools of Kenton, Ohio, and in 1884 matriculated at the Northern Ohio University, which he left in 1887 to enter the employ of the Cincinnati, Sandusky & Cleveland Railroad as telegrapher, and remained with that corporation until 1895, during that period being in the transportation department. Leaving that road, Mr. Wilkin entered the auditor's office of the Ohio Southern Railroad and from then on has devoted his abilities to auditing, rising until he is an expert in this difficult calling. For some time Mr. Wilkin had been connected as auditor with the United Gas & Electric Light Corporation of 61 Broadway, New York City, New York, and his services were of such a nature that his superiors recognized that he was too good a man for the position he was holding so that when the Mahoning & Shenango Railway & Light Company came into the market for a man of superior attain ments to become their auditor, Mr. Wilkin was recommended to them by his New York corporation, and his services were therefore secured, and he ar- 174 - YOUNGSTOWN AND THE MAHONING VALLEY rived at Youngstown to assume the duties of his new position in November, 1918. In 1895 Mr. Wilkin was united in marriage with Miss Clara V. Cobean of Lima, Ohio. A solid, dependable man, Mr. Wilkin has gained the confidence of his associates since coming to Youngstown and is regarded as a valuable acquisition to the city. While he is absorbed in his work, he nevertheless finds time to give current matters his earnest and intelligent consideration and when he acts it is only after due reflection. Knowing this, some of his friends have grown to depend upon his judgment and ask for his advice and govern themselves accordingly. Both he and his wife have gathered about them a congenial social circle and their pleasant home is oftentimes the scene of charming events, both of them being deservedly popular with their many friends. HOMER C. ROBINS. Not only is Homer C. Robins of Warren a successful merchant, but he is also equally prominent in banking circles, and his operations form an important part of the commercial activities of the city. He was born at Hanoverton, Columbiana County, Ohio, on February 13, 1881, a son of Rev. James W. and Jennie (Hare) Robins, both of whom were natives of Ohio. The Robins family has been in Ohio for four generations. The American ancestor was Thomas J. Robins, great-grandfather of Homer C. Robins, who came to the United States from the Isle of Guernsey, where he was born, and settled in what is now Guernsey County, Ohio, which was named in honor of his old home. The log cabin which he built and in which he lived, is still standing, and is a relic of pioneer days in that region. He married Rebecca Fishel, a native of Ohio, of English parents. Rev. James W. Robins was born near Pleasant City, Guernsey County, Ohio, and was for years a minister of the Methodist Episcopal Church. For six years he was district superintendent of the Akron District Methodist Episcopal Church, during which period he made his home at Warren. His death occurred in 1914 while he was serving as pastor of the Massillon, Ohio, Methodist Episcopal Church. His wife, Jennie (Hare) Robins, was born in Noble County, Ohio, a daughter of Charles Hare, a native of Ireland, who for many years was a merchant and wool buyer at Summerfield, Noble County, Ohio, and at one time served as a member of the Ohio Legislature. Homer C. Robins attended the Warren High School and then took the preparatory course at Mount Union College, and later the full classical course at that college from which he was graduated in 1892 with the degree of Bachelor of Arts, and also completed a business course at that college, receiving a diploma. During his vacations and on Saturdays, he clerked in the clothing and men's furnishings store of Snyder & Campbell of Warren. After leaving college he became a regular clerk for that firm, rising to be one of its most reliable salesmen. During the period he was in the store he gained an intimate knowledge of merchandising first hand, and in 1912 he and Arthur W. Knapp formed the partnership of Robins & Knapp and bought out the old firm, since which time they have conducted the business, greatly enlarging it and meeting with increasing success with each year. Mr. Robins has other interests for he is a director of the Trumbull Savings & Loan Company of Warren; of the Trumbull Banking Company of Girard, Ohio; of the Warren Guaranteed Mortgage Company ; and is a member of the Warren Board of Trade. He is a steward of the Methodist Episcopal Church. In his fraternal connections he maintains membership with Old Erie Lodge No. 3, Free and Accepted Masons of Warren; Warren Council Royal and Select Masters ; Warren Commandery No. 39 Knights Templar and Al Koran Shrine, and is also a member of the Odd Fellows and Elks. He represents the clothing business of the city in his membership in the Warren Rotary Club. He is one of six members of the Board of Directors of the Ohio State Teachers' Association. Mr. Robins was married to Bessie Jamison, a daughter of Albert L. and Fanny (Hoyt) Jamison of Warren. The advance made by Mr. Robins has not been spectacular, but is but the normal outcome of business ability intelligently directed in a calling which has been congenial. Mr. Robins is a man who has always taken interest in civic matters, although never seeking office, and his influence is a sound and conservative one. JAMES GUTTRIDGE. One of the sound business houses of Youngstown is that conducted by Guttridge & Rand, Incorporated, of which James Guttridge is president and treasurer, and its development is the result of diligence and natural ability. James Guttridge was born at Prince's End, Staffordshire, England, in 1872, a son of John and Hannah (Blewitt) Guttridge, of whom the latter is deceased. John Guttridge came to the United States in 1887, and reaching Youngstown became a puddler in the old Cartwright McCurdy Mills, and rose to be superintendent of that department, but retired in 1916 at the age of seventy years, and is now living at Youngstown. James Guttridge attended the public schools of England until he was twelve years old, but after his arrival at Youngstown was occupied in earning his living, first in the mill that employed his father, and later as delivery boy for different retail stores. In 1889 he started to learn the tailoring trade with Louis E. Guess, a prominent merchant tailor of Youngstown, and remained with him until 1901. Mr. Guttridge then formed a partnership with Howard C. Corll, under the name of Guttridge & Corll, and the firm did business at No. 16 North Phelps Street. In 1903 the business was moved to the present location on West Federal Street, although since then the premises have been doubled, the space later taken over being then occupied by the Star Piano Company. The latter vacated in 1904 and Mr. Guttridge and his partner took the entire building. Mr. Corll retiring in 1906, David J. Rand bought his interest, and the firm became Guttridge & Rand. In 1918 the business was incorporated with Mr. Guttridge as president and treasurer, David Reese of Canton, Ohio, as vice president, and Mr. Rand as secretary and general manager. Mr. Guttridge is also president of the United Printing Company, and secretary and treas- YOUNGSTOWN AND THE MAHONING VALLEY - 175 urer of the Mill Creek Land Company, director Youngstown Chamber of Commerce, Motor Sales Co. (Charter). In 1898 Mr. Guttridge was married to Laura Hawn of Youngstown, who died on December 22, 1901, leaving a daughter, Eva Isabelle. In January, 1907, Mr. Guttridge was married to Bertha Almyra Mathews, and they became the parents of three children, two of whom survive, namely: Bertha Louise and Allan Robert. The growth of the Guttridge & Rand Company has been remarkable. When the business was started Mr. Guttridge and his partner were able to do all the work themselves with slight assistance from a boy, and now there are ten stores operated under the name of Guttridge & Rand, and they have an interest in four additional ones. Employment is now given to 165 people. Mr. Guttridge had no money when he began his business, but he was able to secure credit from the start for he was known as a fine workman, an upright business man, and it can be truly said that no one has ever placed any confidence in him or his ability without having his judgment justified. Mr. Guttridge passed through some anxious moments, but has succeeded way beyond the ordinary, and he not only has made good in a business way, but also as a citizen, and is held in the highest regard by all who have the honor of his acquaintance. Messrs. Guttridge and Rand own the property at 320-322 West Federal Street. Their prosperity proves that if men are willing to work diligently, invest wisely and persist in spite of obstacles, they may rise to almost any height they desire. RICHARD N. GRAHAM. While it is certainly true t at every man succeeds better for having acquired a knowledge of anything, the training given the person who aspires to become a lawyer is so rigid and thorough that he is generally prepared to enter almost any line and master it. There are a number of cases where men do so prepare themselves without really intending to enter the profession, but simply to gain the habit of handling their problems in an orderly and methodical manner, and to receive the benefits accruing from the expansion of their intellect which must come from such a course. Richard N. Graham is manager of the railways connected with the Pennsylvania-Ohio Electric Company, and it is a recognized fact that his skillful handling of the affairs of his office comes through his knowledge of the law, and its application to business. Richard N. Graham was born at Jackson, Ohio, on November 7, 1876, a son of Christopher and Nancy Jane (Dodge) Graham, both of whom are now deceased. Christopher Graham was a hardware merchant both at Jackson, and later at Joplin, Missouri, to which city the family moved when Richard N. Graham was still a lad. Growing up at Joplin, he attended its high school, and then entered the University of Arkansas in 1895 and took both the classical and legal courses, and was graduated therefrom in 1900 with the degrees of Bachelor of Arts and Bachelor of Laws. In 1901 Mr. Graham was admitted to the Arkansas and Missouri bars, and that same year established himself in a general law practice with a Mr. Hurst, under the firm name of Hurst & Graham, which was later changed to Grayston & Graham. In 1908 Mr. Graham joined the legal department of the Stone & Webster electrical interests, first being at Dallas, Texas, for a short time, and then, in 1910, taking charge of the claim department of the Houston Electric Company, a property managed by Stone & Webster. He immediately was Transferred to an operating position and continued with the Houston Company in various capacities until 1916. In September of the latter year Mr. Graham came to Youngstown as assistant manager of railways connected with the Mahoning & Shenango Railways & Light Company, and in 1917 was made manager of that department, retaining the position with the Pennsylvania-Ohio Electric Company which succeeded the former corporation. Mr. Graham has had a varied experience and when he began practicing law at Joplin, Missouri, he was a member of the Missouri State Legislature, and recognized as one of the forceful young orators of his district. In 1901 Mr. Graham was united in marriage with Miss Robey B. Skinner of Jacksonville, Illinois, and they have five children, namely : Harold, Mildred, Helen, Ruth and Robey. JOHN GERRITY. Prominent in important lines of mousiness a uential in many ways in Mahoning County is John Gerrity, one of Youngstown's self made men. For a number of years he has been identified with the development of vacant property around Youngstown, and was the pioneer builder of residences in East Youngstown. John Gerrity was born at Youngstown, Ohio, May 2, 1873. His parents, John and Bridget (Stanton) Gerrity, natives of Ireland, came to Youngstown in 1856 and were activelv interested in Youngstown's growth. John Gerrity, Sr., was a foreman in BrownBonnell mill in this city and met with an accident in an explosion in 1872. His widow survived him for a number of years, her death occurring in 1904. In 1905 John Gerrity was united in marriage to Catherine Laughlin. Her parents, both of whom are deceased, were David and Alice (Clarke) Laughlin. She is a granddaughter of the late Martin Clarke, one of Youngstown's 'respected pioneers. Mr. Gerrity's reputation is that of an honorable, dependable business man, and a reliable, public-spirited citizen. He is a well known contractor and has taken a most active part in everything that tends to Youngstown's advancement. He has always been a faithful and practical Catholic and has given much time to the furthering of Catholic interests in Youngstown—prominent among them being the Ursuline Academy on Wick Avenue, and St. Elizabeth's Hospital. RANDALL MONTGOMERY. In some men the business sense is remarkably developed and through it they reach a place not attained by those who try to control affairs for which they have no aptitude. It is now generally recognized that no one reaches unusual success who works against his natural inclinations, and when competition is so strenuous, men need every assistance that developed talent can 176 - YOUNGSTOWN AND THE MAHONING VALLEY in order to take profitable advantage of offered opportunities and to be able to develop legitimate business chances. Especially is this true in Youngstown, where, although the field of operation is broad, the rivalry is intense, and the man who distances others must be on a constant strain to win the race of life. Such a man is Randall Montgomery, vice president of the Youngstown Electric Lighting Company, with which he has been connected since 1899. Randall Montgomery was born on March 6, 1851, a son of Joseph and Nancy (Smith) Montgomery, who came to Youngstown from Erie County, Pennsylvania, and there Joseph Montgomery worked as a saddler and harnessmaker. In time he became a very prominent man and represented Mahoning County in the State Assembly. Growing up at Youngstown, Randall Montgomery attended its schools, and in 1870 began his business career as clerk for A. J. Morgan, a grocer, remaining with him for five years. In 1875 Mr. Montgomery went with the Fowler-Stambaugh Company as clerk, his period of usefulness with that concern extending over ten years, and when the plumbing department was added, he was made a partner, and the business became Montgomery, Thompson & Co. Following in the footsteps of his father, Mr. Montgomery was active in politics and in 1888 was elected on the republican ticket mayor of Youngstown, and re-elected in 1890. It was during his administration that the electric alarm signal system was installed in the fire department, and horse-drawn patrol wagons put into use. Having made an enviable record as mayor, he was the logical candidate of his party for the Legislature and was elected on its ticket to the lower house in 1893 and again in 1895. In 1897 he was appointed city commissioner as a republican and served for three years. In 1899 he began his long connection with the Youngstown Electric Company, as general manager, remaining with it through the various changes until 1915, when he became vice president at the time R. P. Stevens was made president. Mr. Montgomery has other interests, being president of the Elks Building Company, of which he is a charter member ; a director in the Peoples Amusement Company which leases the Park Theater ; and director and treasurer of the Forsythe-Pattern Company. He is a charter member of the Youngstown Chamber of Commerce, of which he served as trustee for many years. In his fraternal relations he maintains membership with the Masons, Knights of Pythias, Odd Fellows and Elks, is one of the oldest members now living of the Youngstown Lodge of the latter,' and was a charter member of the Knights of Pythias of this city. In the Masonic fraternity he has been made a thirty- second degree Mason and is a charter member of the Cleveland Consistory. He belongs to the Youngstown and Elks clubs. In spite of the honors which have been conferred upon him, Mr. Montgomery is a very modest, unassuming and approachable man, who is more occupied with the idea of giving the people good Service and a square deal than with his own importance. KARL J. SMITH. The excellent condition of the streets and roads in Youngstown and throughout Mahoning, Trumbull, and Columbiana counties are due in part to the efficient labor of Karl J. Smith of Youngstown, president of the Smith Construction Company, which has filled many heavy contracts in road and street building, doing the required work in a skillful, systematic and really scientific manner,, and always with satisfactory results. This firm was organized in 1914, absorbing the old firm of Kane & Smith, which was formed in 1910, and the company and corporation have built miles upon miles of city and country roads within the past ten years. A son of Joseph Smith, Karl J. Smith was born in 1883 in Youngstown, and holds a noteworthy position among its native-born citizens. Joseph Smith has spent his entire sixty-eight years of life in Youngstown, having during his earlier years been engaged in farming, and later as a contractor building some of the first streets, culverts and bridges in Youngstown and the Mahoning Valley. He married Hattie Baldwin, who was also born in Youngstown, her birth occurring in 1859. Both are active members of the South United Presbyterian Church. Politically he is an uncompromising republican, prominent in party ranks. Having obtained his preliminary education in the public schools of Youngstown, Karl J. Smith entered the Ohio Northern University at Ada, where in 1903 he was graduated as civil engineer. Since that time he has had varied and valuable experience in construction work, having first been in the employ of the Baltimore & Ohio Railroad Company, and later having been with the Gulf & Ship Island Railroad Company for seven years, being stationed at Gulfport, Mississippi. Coming from there to Youngstown, Mr. Smith in 1910 became junior member of the construction firm of Kane & Smith, and continued in business under that name until 1914 when he assumed his present position as president of the Smith Construction Company, an outgrowth of the firm with which he was first identified. On September 12, 1906, Mr. Smith married Miss Bessie Rogers, of Atlanta, Georgia, and they are now residents of Boardman Township, where they have a pleasant home. Both Mr. and Mrs. Smith are consistent members of the South United Presbyterian Church. Fraternally Mr. Smith belongs to the Benevolent and Protective Order of Elks. THOMAS G. FITZ SIMONS, JR The character of the men o a community may e correctly gauged by the standing of its business houses whose growth has been stimulated by intelligent and progressive methods, or held back for lack of proper development. No town or city can reach its highest standard unless its men in all lines co-operate to give an honest service for value received. Such men can be counted upon to promulgate and support worthy measures looking toward securing for their community solid improvements and the bringing into it sound business houses that will add to its prosperity_ These men are found actively engaged in some worthwhile enterprise ; they give a solidity to commercial organizations, and when the need arises, contribute liberally toward charities. In their home relations these men sustain the highest of characters,. and because they recognize the value of careful' YOUNGSTOWN AND THE MAHONING VALLEY - 177 educational training for the young, they provide good schools. Judging from all these standards it is little wonder that Youngstown has made such marvelous progress, for it is, and has long been, the home of just such men, and no one has stood higher in the estimation of his associates than does Thomas G. Fitz Simons, Jr., superintendent and secretary and treasurer of The Fitz Simons Company. Thomas J. Fitz Simons, Jr., was born at Cleveland, Ohio, in 1877, a son of Thomas and Susan Fitz- Simons, and he grew up in his native city where he attended the public schools until he was sixteen years old. At that age he began to earn his own living and has been self-supporting ever since. He gained the experience that made it possible for him to assume the responsibilities of his present position in the shop of his father, and has always been dependable and self-reliant. In 1911 Mr. Fitz Simons came to Youngstown, and when the Fitz Simons Company was organized, he was made superintendent of the plant, and later secretary and treasurer. Since this company was founded it has had a very prosperous history, and is numbered among the important industrial enterprises of the city. Mr. Fitz Simons married Miss Ellen Hanan, a resident of Youngstown. Mr. and Mrs. Fitz Simons have two children, namely : William John and Ann Julie. Since coming to the city Mr. Fitz Simons has become a member of the Youngstown Chamber of Commerce and he is one of the vigorous factors in that body. Fraternally he is an Elk. It is a recognized fact that a good deal of the success of the company is due to Mr. Fitz Simons' energy, industry and knowledge of his business. ALFRED McCULLOUGH. There are unquestionably men of natural force found in every community, who, by reason of their inherent ability, by the use of their brains and the soundness of their judgment, attain distinction and acquire authority. They are men who industriously work for an end and in helping themselves add to the sum of comfort and happiness for all about them. These quiet, resourceful men are the dependence of the whole social fabric, for their efforts not only bring into being the substantial industries that support commerce and industry, but conduct them along the safe and sane channels which assure public prosperity and general contentment. They may be men of versatile gifts and talents of a high order in many directions, but it is their soundness, their vitality, their steadiness which make them such important factors in the world's work. One of the men who measures up well according to the above standards is Alfred McCullough of Youngstown, head of the General Sales Agency, now the McCullough Transfer Company, of Youngstown. Mr. McCullough is a native son of Youngstown, having been born in this city in 1885, and has always centered his interests here. His father, now deceased, was Samuel McCullough, and one of the sound men of Youngstown. His mother, Mrs. Amelia McCullough, survives and makes her home at Youngstown. Growing up in his native city Mr. McCullough attended its schools and set out in life with the determination to acquire a business of his own. All the time he was working for others he kept this end in view, saved his money, and when the opening came, was ready for it. In September, 1919, he bought the General Sales Agency which had been established in January, 1915, by Thaddeus Moody for the purpose of selling contractors materials. That same year Mr. McCullough organized the transfer company that bears his name, and is carrying on both enterprises with characteristic vigor. Although he has not owned these enterprises for a very long period he has placed his impress upon them, and judging by the man himself, there is every reason to think that he will make them a great success, for he usually accomplishes what he sets out to do. On October 24, 1912, Mr. McCullough was united in marriage with Harriet Gump, a daughter of John Gump, a harness-maker of Pennsylvania. Mr. and Mrs. McCullough have two children, namely : Donald and Robert. Having worked so hard toward one end, Mr. McCullough has had but little time to devote to outside matters, and yet he can always be depended upon to give the intelligent support of a fair-minded man to public enterprises and to lend a hand in seeing that they were carried out. His business sagacity is unquestioned, and his salesmanship is of a high order, while personally he possesses those qualities which not only make for good citizenship, but warm personal friendships as well. EARL B. PUTT, president of the Youngstown Chemical Company, has through a varied career earned the confidence and esteem of men of high standing and large interests, and won the gratitude of the people of this country through his skill in experimental work in connection with the production of certain drugs, hitherto obtainable only from foreign lands. Earl B. Putt was born at Doylestown, Ohio, in 1886, a son of Dr. Benjamin F. and Lillian E. Putt, he formerly a medical practitioner of Youngstown, but later of Doylestown, Ohio, where he died in 1900, his widow surviving him and making her home at Cleveland, Ohio. Having commenced his high school work in Wayne County, Ohio, Earl B. Putt completed it at Youngstown, where he remained from 1900 until 1903, and from 1903 until 1905 he served an apprenticeship in the drug store of Fred J. Ulrich, following which Mr. Putt entered the Ohio State University and took the courses in pharmacy and chemistry, and was graduated with the degree of Bachelor of Science, in 1909. Immediately thereafter he went to North Dakota as a government expert, and still later was assistant chemist and professor of materia medica at the Agricultural College at Fargo, North Dakota, under E. F. Ladd, and remained there until 1912, when he entered the United States bureau of chemistry and drug laboratory of New York City, located in the appraisers' stores of the customs service. Mr. Putt was in charge of the drug work in the laboratory when he left in 1916. While holding this position Mr. Putt was approached by Youngstown capital and asked to organize his present company. These capitalists felt 178 - YOUNGSTOWN AND THE MAHONING VALLEY that he was particularly fitted for the proposed work, not only account of his training and aptitude, but also because of the fact that in his position he knew exactly what drugs were imported and what were of domestic production. Mr. Putt accepted the offer made to him, and the Youngstown Chemical Company came into being, Mr. Putt being its president; Dr. Seil, vice president; and John P. Dillon, secretary and treasurer. Youngstown was chosen as the field of experiment as it was proposed to produce the necessary drugs in part or whole, from the by products of the coke ovens located in this city. The company has several electrolytic processes, and the low cost of electric power at Youngstown is another advantage of this point for the site of the laboratory. The two chemists, Mr. Putt and Doctor Seil are the only men of their profession connected with the plant, and they have been obliged to personally train the employes, now sixty in number, so that the output has been curtailed on account of the difficulty of securing the people suitable for the work. It is the aim of this company to produce these drugs, rather than as a selling proposition. These drugs so far produced are : Phthalic Anhydoide, Phenolphthalem, used in medicine as a laxative, Anthranilic acid, used in manufacturing oil of oranges, Phthalimide, used in the manufacture of dyestuffs; Phenolsulphonephthalein, used to test the efficiency of the kidneys, all of which were formerly exported from Germany, and the Youngstown Chemical Company is the pioneer in their manufacture in the United States. Over $50,000 were spent in experimentation before satisfactory results were obtained, but the capitalists backing this company felt that their chemists had wrought marvels when they compared this amount with the millions the Germans had sunk in similar experiments with practically no better results. The fact that these drugs can be manufactured in this country from the waste of coke ovens, at a reasonable price, is not only interesting, but very important, and the work of these two chemists may affect, and probably will, a lasting changein the importation of drugs. They are enthusiastic over what they call the possibilities of this waste, and feel that they have barely begun their work, which the rest of their lifetime will not be long enough for its exhaustion. The company has added to the above-mentioned products a complete line of non-alcoholic flavoring extracts under the brand name Non-Alco. These products already have a wide distribution. In April, 1917, Mr. Putt was united in marriage with Sara Janet Smith, of Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada. They have one daughter, Katherine Janet, who was born in February, 1918. HARVEY AMBROSE SEIL, PH. D., vice president of the Youngstown Chemical Company, ably fills a gravely important position and one which is of national reputation. The discoveries in chemistry, brought to light through the indefatigable efforts of men of Doctor Seil's caliber, have almost revolutionized the foreign trade in drugs, and bid fair to place this country in the foremost ranks as a producer of many of these necessary preparations hitherto believed to be the exclusive product of other lands. Doctor Seil was born at Doylestown, Ohio, a son of Edward and Esther (Mann) Seil, both of whom are now deceased. Edward Seil was a merchant of Perth Amboy, New Jersey, for a number of years, having moved there after the birth of his son. Growing up at Perth Amboy, Harvey A. Seil attended its public schools and completed the high school course in 1899, and subsequently became a student of Columbia University, from which he was graduated with the degree of Bachelor of Arts. Following that he took a three years' course in organic chemistry, doing special work, and was graduated therefrom in 1906 with the degree of Doctor of Philosophy. During that period, in connection with Professor Bogart, he published several papers which were all original, and which have been translated into all foreign languages. Deeply interested in scientific matters, Doctor Seil has never been backward in rendering public service, and from 1912 until 1914, inclusively, he served as president of the board of health of Perth Amboy, New Jersey. In 1907 he joined the United States Department of Agriculture, Bureau of Chemistry, and was engaged in the enforcement of the Food and Drugs Act, having charge of the New York drug laboratory from 1908 to 1914, under Doctor Wiley, Doctor Doolittle and Doctor Alsberg. Doctor Seil served as referee of medicinal plants and drug:, for the Official Agricultural Chemists Association; was on the United States Pharmacopoeia Committee of the American Pharmaceutical Association; the committee for the unification of the methods of essential oil analysis of the Eighth International Congress of Applied Chemistry, and was otherwise active in his profession. After leaving the government service in 1914, Doctor Seil joined the Standard Chemical Company and until 1917 had charge of the organic and biological research work, and while with this corporation prepared and published papers on Elimination of Radium, on the Contribution of Our Knowledge of Vanadium with Particular Reference to Syphilis, two papers on Hog Cholera, and one paper on the Endothelial Cell, a new blood constituent. He secured a patent on the manufacture of Uranium Oxide, used in making Ferro-Uranium, that is required in the production of high speed tool steel. In 1917 Doctor Seil left the Standard Chemical Company to become vice president of the Youngstown Chemical Company, of which Mr. Putt is president, the two having entire charge of the laboratory work of this corporation. JOHN R. SQUIRE who recently retired from active business, represents a family that has given its talents to the commercial and civic affairs of this community for nearly a century. One of the most prominent features of the family record has been a patriotism that has again and again drawn men of the Squire lineage into the wars of the country. Mr. Squire is descended from Zopher Squire, who came from England and settled near Elizabethtown, New Jersey, about the middle of the eighteenth century. He was a colonial volunteer in the French YOUNGSTOWN AND THE MAHONING VALLEY - 179 and Indian war, being wounded in that struggle. His son James was born in Morris County, New Jersey, June 9, 1756, ,and at the age of twenty-two made his first enlistment in the Continental forces for American independence. The official records show that he served as a private with State troops one month, then two months by a second enlistment, and a half month by a third enlistment, while in 1782 he was enrolled for six months. He did not apply for and receive a pension until he was seventy-six years of age. After the death of his wife in 1819 he spent much of his time with a son at Youngstown, but died at New Castle, Pennsylvania, where he was buried. He married Lydia Reynolds in 1786, and had removed to Western Pennsylvania about 1799. His son John R. Squire, grandfather of the present John R. Squire of Youngstown, lived for many years on the northeast corner of Market and Central Square at Youngstown. He was born in 1806. In 1854 he moved to the south side of Front Street east of Champion Street and in 1856 to the southwest corner of Champion and Boardman streets, where he lived until his death. Though fifty-six years of age, he volunteered as a private in the Union army in 1862, but his services were rejected. He had been a democrat before the war and then became a staunch republican. For many years he was actively identified with the First Methodist Episcopal Church and took a special interest in its choir. John R. Squire died July 28, 1896, when ninety years of age. August 30, 1828, he married Phebe Morrow, who was born in Washington County, Pennsylvania, October 1, 1806. She was a descendant of Charles Morrow, of a prominent family of Belfast, Ireland, who came to America before the war of the Revolution and probably served in that struggle. Afterward he moved to Washington County, Pennsylvania, and acquired a farm. His son William M. Morrow by his wife Hannah Harrod, was born October 31, 177o, at Philadelphia, and saw a brief service at the age of eighteen in an Indian campaign. In 1792 he joined the regular army, and for four years was in the service, and was with the forces that subdued the Indians in old Northwest Territory, including what is now the State of Ohio. After leaving the army he became a prosperous miller at Pittsburgh, but in 1812, at the age of forty-two, was commissioned a first lieutenant of volunteers in the War of 1812, and made a brilliant record, rising to the rank of captain. After the war he suffered heavy financial losses through a business partner and earned a modest living through school teaching and services in public offices. He died in March, 1834. Phebe Morrow was one of his children. She was a young woman when her father's fortunes became involved and ruined, and at that time showed an independence of spirit seldom found in her sex at that time. She went to work in a paper mill at Pittsburgh, and even after her marriage did work outside her home in order to secure special advantages for her children. Her nobility of character was admired by many friends and acquaintances and has been especially cherished by her descendants. She died at Youngstown December 26, 1869. One of her children was James Squire, who was born at Youngstown, March 13, 1834. In 1859 he engaged in the roofing business at West Middlesex, Pennsylvania, and in 1869 returned to Youngstown and established a business of the same kind, which was continued with growing prosperity for half a century, until John R. Squire retired. James Squire became prominent in local affairs, serving in the City Council, and in later years as a member of the City Sinking Fund Board. He retired from business in 1902. February 26, 1860, he married Mary Burns. John R. Squire is the only surviving child of his parents and was born at West Middlesex, Mercer County, Pennsylvania, January 18, 1862, and was seven years of age when his parents returned to Youngstown. After getting his education in the local schools he entered his father's business, learned the trade of tinner and roofer, also became a practical draftsman, and at the age of twenty- one was operating a sawmill in what is now Wick Park. At that time he was made a partner with his father in the firm James Squire & Company, and in 1889 the business was incorporated as the James Squire Company, with James Squire as president and John R. Squire as secretary and treasurer. In February, 1902, when James Squire retired, his son bought all the stock and continued the business as an undivided individual ownership. In 1911 he again incorporated and remained as president and general manager until 1919, when he retired. For half a century this business in sheet metal and roofing materials was one of the leading institutions of its kind in Eastern Ohio. Mr. Squire is a former president of the Ohio organization of Builders' Exchanges. He has been active in public affairs, serving on the Council, Board of Education and the Board of Public Safety. He is a member of the Masons and Elks, and the Memorial Presbyterian Church. In 1883 Mr. Squire married Etta M. Bowman. Her father, James M. Bowman, was at one time manager of the Andrews Brothers' store at Haselton. Mr. and Mrs. Squire have two daughters: Pearl B., wife of J. Harry Fitch, and they are the parents of two children, Doris Joan and Barbara Squire; and Nellie M., wife of Myron S. Curtis, of Youngstown. DALE DIETRICH. An acute, cool-headed man of business may command respect because of his capabilities in managing large enterprises and his power to change circumstances and conditions to suit his will, and may have, as chosen associates, men of the like caliber and similar power and interests, but, in order to secure the confidence and esteem of his fellowmen, he must have other qualities to win personal affection. Dale Dietrich, president of the Dietrich Motor Car Company of Youngstown, although yet a young man, has been identified with affairs of vital interest in this city and other points, and is in control of several concerns, proving his sagacity and foresight beyond question. At the same time his interest in everything calculated to help others less fortunately situated is shown by his practical sympathy and ready generosity. 180 - YOUNGSTOWN AND THE MAHONING VALLEY Dale Dietrich was born in Monroe County, Ohio, in 1892, a son of Albert and Carrie (Jackson) Dietrich, both of whom are living and residents of Ravenna, Ohio, the father being treasurer and general manager of the Ravenna Furnace & Heating Company. Growing up at Ravenna, Dale Dietrich attended its high school, and began learning the jewelry and watchmaking business, but found that he had little or no liking for it, and that he was strongly attracted toward the automobile trade. Fortunately he was sensible enough to enter the business for which he had a natural aptitude and came to Youngstown from Ravenna in 1913 to market the products of the Cole Motor Car Company. Almost immediately thereafter he organized the Dietrich Motor Car Company, of Youngstown. Mr. Dietrich is also president of the Dietrich Automobile Company of Warren, Ohio, which Mr. Dietrich organized in 1919, and of which he is a heavy stockholder. With him in this company is N. H. Cobb of Warren, who is secretary and treasurer. In 1914 Mr. Dietrich was united in marriage with Josephine Davis, formerly of Youngstown, but later of Ravenna. Mr. and Mrs. Dietrich have one child, Jean Louise, who was born in 1916. Mr. Dietrich belongs to the Automobile Club and the Automobile Dealers' Association, and is active in both organizations. He is a hustler and no task is too great for him, nor can any obstacle daunt him. With such young men in its midst as Mr. Dietrich, there is little wonder that Youngstown has shown such wonderful progress within the past few years nor that its outlook for the immediate future is so bright. LAWRENCE P. HOFFMASTER. A man of superior business ability and worth, Lawrence P. Hoffmaster is prominently identified with the expansion of the automobile interests of the Mahoning Valley, being officially connected with the Hoffmaster-Gifford Motor Sales Company, of Youngstown, and having been one of the organizers of the Automotive Tire Service Company, of the same city. He was born in Lawrence County, Pennsylvania, in 1881, a son of the late Hilary H. Hoffmaster, and grandson of Jonas Hoffmaster, whose father emigrated with his family from Germany to the United States, settling in Eastern Pennsylvania in pioneer days. Hilary H. Hoffmaster was born on his father's farm in Mahoning County, Ohio, and was there bred and educated. Buying a tract of land in Lawrence County, Pennsylvania, in 1880, he was there engaged in farming several seasons. Subsequently returning to Ohio, he had charge of his father's farm, which was situated in Mahoning County, close to the state line, and there continued his agricultural labors for a time. In 1897 he came with his family to Youngstown, and engaged in the real estate and insurance business, and also built several dwellings. He died in 1917, but his widow, a native of Lawrence County, Pennsylvania, whose maiden name was 011ie A., Mayberry, survives, and still lives in Youngstown, where she has an attractive home. Attending first the rural schools, and later the graded schools of Youngstown, Lawrence P. Hoff- master obtained an excellent education, and from 1903 until 1913 worked in his father's office, for the first two years receiving his board and clothing only. In 1905 he assumed charge of the insurance department and in November, 1908, in partnership with C. A. Gifford, secured the agency for the Regal Car and carried on business under the name of the Regal Sales Company. In 1914 the company opened a shop at 836 Market Street for service, and later in the year purchased the property located at 902-4-6 Market Street, moved the dwelling standing upon it, and subsequently occupied the ground floor of the two-story block they erected thereon. Discontinuing the service shop at 836 in 1917, the firm continued to do business at the newer location, building a service station at the rear on Essex Street. In July, 1918, the Company took over the lease of the Grilling Block, at 724 Market Street held by the Goodyear Tire Company, and which is still occupied. In August, 1917, the firm was incorporated as the Hoffmaster-Gifford Motor Sales Company, with a capital of $40,000, C. A. Gifford being made president; W. S. Old, vice president ; and Lawrence P. Hoffmaster as secretary and treasurer. Mr. Hoff- master is now treasurer, and B. M. Smart is the secretary. In 1919 the company organized the Automotive Tire Company for the purpose of taking over the business of the Hoffmaster-Gifford Company, Mr. Gifford assuming the presidency, but Mr. Hoff- master, at his own request, was not elected to any office in the new organization. Mr. Hoffmaster married, in June, 1906, Leona B. Rowe, of Allegan, Michigan, and they have four children, Martha 0., Bryce R., Laurilla, and Donna L.