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YOUNGSTOWN AND THE MAHONING VALLEY - 425 Civil war, became a prosperous farmer in Deerfield Township, Portage County, where he died in 1897, at the age of seventy years; Mary married John t Morris and they removed to Indiana, where she died at the age of twenty-nine years; Benjamin F., of this memoir, was the next in order of birth ; Watson, who for many years was a blacksmith at North Benton, died in 1910, at the age of seventy-six years; James was residing on and operating the old family homestead in Berlin Township at the time of his death, in 1888, at the age of fifty-one years ; Joseph, who was a soldier of the Union in the Civil war, conducted a blacksmith shop at Salem, Columbiana County, for many years, and there he died, a bachelor, in 1899, at the age of sixty-one years; Asher likewise went forth as a gallant young soldier of the Union, and sacrificed his life in the battle of Missionary Ridge; Mahlon, the only surviving member this family of children, was another of the who went forth as a soldier in the Civil war he is now a retired farmer residing at Damascus, Mahoning County. Benjamin F. Kirkbride learned the trade of black-smith at Canfield, and during the Civil war he was employed at his trade for several months in repairing government army wagons at Nashville, Tennessee. In 1876 he purchased the farm now under the management of his son Robert F. in Berlin Township and on the place he equipped a blacksmith shop, which building still stands. He applied himself to the work of his trade at intervals for eight or nine years, and in the meanwhile carried forward the clearing of his land, all of which was covered with timber. In 1869 he erected the substantial house that is now on the place, and he built other good buildings and brought the farm to a high state of productiveness, the place comprising 168 acres, and sixty acres having been by him made available for cultivation Mr. Kirkbride continued to maintain the active management of his farm unil his death, and was one of the highly honored citizens of Berlin Township. Though he was a birthright member of the Society of Friends, both he and his wife finally united with the Presbyterian Church at North Benton, and in this faith he continued until the close of his life. His first wife, whose maiden name was Lucy Hoadley, died several years after their marriage, no children having been born of this union. On the 6th of June, 1878, was solemnized his marriage to Miss Ellen Dickson, who was born in Ellsworth Township, Mahoning County, February 13, 1844, a daughter of William and Margaret (Redmond) Dickson, who were born and reared in County Down, Ireland, where their marriage was solemnized and whence they came to America with their two children in 1840. After remaining about one year New jersey they came to Mahoning County, Ohio, settled on the farm now owned and occupied by their son Robert in Ellsworth Township. That Ellen Dickson made good use of the advantages afforded in the schools of the early days is evidenced by the fact that at the age of nineteen years she became a successful and popular teacher in the schools of Milton Township, where she thus served four years. For the ensuing three years she taught in the schools of New Jersey, and she then returned to the old home, where she remained until the time of her marriage. Now venerable in years, she resides with her son Robert on the fine old home farm left by her honored husband. They became the parents of four children: Mabel is the widow of Dello L. Green, who died February 12, 191o, and she now resides with her mother and brother Robert at the old home place, her only child being a son, Robert Franklin Green. Robert F. Kirkbride, who has the management of the home farm, is individually mentioned in appending paragraphs. Madge is the wife of W. B. Shively, a farmer in Berlin Township, and they have two children, Robert and Helen. Adda remains with her mother at the old home. In a retrospective way it may be stated that records show that in 1655 the Kirkbride family was established in Kirkbride parish, near Carlisle, Cumberland County, Pennsylvania, and all members of the family continued in active affiliation with the Society of Friends until the generation of Benjamin F. Kirkbride of this memoir, he having transferred his membership to the Presbyterian Church, as previously noted. ROBERT F. KIRKBRIDE is known as one of the most progressive and successful agriculturists and stock-growers in his native county and his homestead place, Mapleside Farm, in Berlin Township, is one of the model farms of Mahoning County. He is a representative of a family whose name has been prominently linked with the civic and industrial history of this county for nearly ninety years, and in the memoir dedicated to his father, the late Benjamin F. Kirkbride, on other pages of this work, will be found adequate data concerning the family history. Mr. Kirkbride was born on the farm which he now owns and operates, and the date of his nativity was October 20, 1881. His gamut of practical experience has been run in connection with the basic industries of agriculture and stockgrowing, and he has made the old homestead the stage of his independent operation, as he took charge of the farm when but seventeen years of age, after the death of his honored father. He received his early education in the public schools and in the meanwhile contributed his share to the work of the home farm, so that he was not without fortifying experience when his father's death involved his assuming active management of the fine old farmstead, which is still a part of the undivided family estate. Mr. Kirkbride has recently purchased eighty-eight adjoining acres, and the farm now consists of 256 acres. He is a young man of ambition and resolute purpose, and these admirable qualities have been significantly manifest in his farm operations, for he has never faltered in appreciative allegiance to the great industries under whose influence he was reared. He gives special attention to the breeding and raising of the finest types of American Delaine sheep, his flocks being headed by eighty head of thoroughbreds. His father had always maintained sheep on the farm, and Robert F. has shown his progressiveness in this field of enterprise by raising the standard of sheep not only on his farm but also throughout his native county. He is considered one of the most advanced and successful agriculturists and stockraisers in Ber- 426 - YOUNGSTOWN AND THE MAHONING VALLEY lin Township and has been active and influential in the Grange and the Farm Bureau organizations in the county. His progressiveness extends also into communal affairs, and he is always found ready to lend his co-operation in the furtherance of movements and enterprises advanced for the general good of his home township and county. His political allegiance is given to the republican party, he is a member of the Presbyterian Church, and his name is still found on the roster of eligible young bachelors in Mahoning County. JOSEPH N. HIGLEY, publicity manager of the First National Bank and of the Dollar Savings and Trust Company, during many years of residence at Youngstown has exemplified abilities that with all the wonderful increase in the power and population of the city have kept him in the ranks of its prominent men. He was born at Marietta, Ohio. September 1, 1868, one of the three sons to attain to maturity of Brainard S. and Isabella Stevens (Ruth) Higley. His mother was a daughter of Dr. John G. Stevens, a pioneer physician of the Western Reserve, who traveled on horseback all over the surrounding country. Doctor Stevens had the honor of being the attending physician at the birth of James A. Garfield, who later became President of the United States. He was also one of the founders of the Western Reserve College. Brainard S. Higley was born at Windham in Portage County, Ohio, where the family had settled upon coming west from Connecticut, in the very early days of the history of the state. By profession he was a lawyer and was engaged in active practice at Youngstown, specializing in real estate law. During the Civil war he was in the Union army as a private, and his war service was responsible for the ill health he suffered many years and which brought about his death in 1914. A few years after the war he went to Marietta, Ohio, where he built a rolling mill. This industry was closed out in the panic of 1873. He then returned to Youngstown and resumed the practice of law, continuing it until ill health compelled his retirement. He was elected and served a term as mayor of Youngstown, and was active in other directions. Prominent in the republican party, he was chairman of the convention which nominated William McKinley for his first term in Congress. He had survived his wife some five or six years, and their three sons were: Joseph N.; Brainard S., who attained to the rank of major in the Spanish-American and Philippine wars, and died in the hospital at Correggidor, Philippine Islands, from disease contracted in the service; and George, a resident of Youngstown and superintendent of the Carnegie Company. Joseph N. Higley has spent practically all his life in Youngstown, and all of his interests have been centered here. He attended the public schools and graduated from the Rayen High School with the highest honors of his class. About that time occurred a serious breakdown of his father's health, and he took charge of the vacated office, read law and was admitted to the bar in 1889. However, he has never practiced the profession to any extent, his inclinations and talents leading him in another direction. Entering newspaper work as a reporter for the Youngstown Telegram, he found in it a congenial means for the expression of his personality and after remaining with that journal until he was associate editor, in 1906 he resigned to become publicity manager for the two large financial institutions referred to above. A stanch republican like his father, he served as a member of the Youngstown School Board one term, being made its president during his second year. While on the board a number of schoolhouses were completed and the cause of education was well supported by him and his associates. In 1913 Mr. Higley was elected president of the City Council of Youngstown, was re-elected in 1915 and again in 1917. Fraternally he maintains membership with the Odd Fellows, and his religious connections are with the Trinity Methodist Episcopal Church of Youngstown. Always a booster for his home city, his talents have been frequently exercised for the general good as a member of the Chamber of Commerce. In 1899 Mr. Higley married Miss Grace Creed, of Youngstown. They have three children, Helen, Joseph N„ Jr., and Alberta. The intellectual powers that have been so dominant a factor in his ability and his service to his home city have been supplemented by great physical vigor, and Mr. Higley is also distinguished among his fellow citizens by hi great stature. Six feet four and a half inches he is one of the tallest men in Youngstown, though height is only incidental to the other qualities th have earned him position and prestige. His sinceri impresses everyone with whom he comes in con, tact, and all who know him realize that he has re sponded in wonderful measure to every opportu nity presented for participation in the business his generation and community, and in all of h. work he has fully justified the faith placed in him JOHN ORMSBY, now living retired in the Village o Berlin Center, is a venerable and honored represents tive of one of the early pioneer families of Mahon ing County, within whose borders he has lived from the time of his birth, the family name having bee. worthily linked with the history of the county for more than a century. Mr. Ormsby's grandfather, George Ormsby, was born in Ireland, of Scotch lineage, and was a youth of eighteen years when in 1793 he came to America, the old-time sailing vessel on which he crossed the Atlantic Ocean having required three months to complete the voyage. He went back to Ireland on a visit and returned, taking three months for the return voyage. He first established his residence in Maryland, where later was solemnized his marriage to Miss McClellan, a cousin of Gen. George B. McClellan, who was a distinguished officer in the Civil war. Not later than 18̊5 George Ormsby made the trip on horseback from Maryland to Ohio, and it may readily be understood that in this journey he traversed regions that were virtually forest wilds, while the arduous trip also involved crossing the mountains and passing throug sections in which the Indians were still a menace YOUNGSTOWN AND THE MAHONING VALLEY - 427 Mr. Ormsby secured a tract of heavily wooded land near Austintown, Mahoning County, and there instituted the development of one of the first farms in the county. Eventually he removed to Jackson Township, where he passed the closing period of his long and useful life in the home of his son Joseph and where he died in 1871, at the patriarchal age of ninety-six years. He was a man of strong mentality and inviolable integrity, and was one of the most venerable and honored pioneer citizens of the Mahoning Valley at the time of his demise, his wif e having preceded him to eternal rest. He served in the naval operations on Lake Erie in the War of 1812, and incidentally passed one winter at Cleveland, which was then a mere village. His son Joseph was the father of the subject of this review, and the other son, Alexander, became a pioneer citizen of Wells County, Indiana, in which state he passed the remainder of his life, as did also his wife, whose maiden name was Martha Wolfkale, her father having come from Virginia to Ohio and having become a pioneer settler at Austintown, Mahoning County. Joseph Ormsby, who died in 1870, at the age of sixty-seven years, about one year prior to the death of his venerable father, was born on the old homestead near Austintown and passed his entire life in Mahoning County. As a young man he initiated his independent career by beginning to clear a tract of land in Jackson Township, and with the passing years the forest trees gave place to well cultivated fields. He long continued as one of the successful agriculturists and stockgrowers of his native county and was a man who ever commanded unqualified popular confidence and good will. In addition to his homestead of 16o acres in Jackson Township he became the owner of 40o acres in Wells County, Indiana. This latter property was developed by him and passed into the possession of his son Albert, who there continued to reside until his death in 1919, at the age of eighty-six years. Of the children this son was the eldest; Laura is the widow of James Jordan and resides at Mansfield, Ohio; Celia became the wife of James Orr and both were residents of Milton Township, Mahoning County, at the time of their death ; Sarah became the wife of James Donaldson, and her death occurred at Newton,. Iowa; George, who was for a number of years engaged in the coal business at Youngstown, was a resident of Portland, Oregon, at the time of his death ; Alexander, who was for years employed by Chauncey Andrews, of Mahoning County, in the capacity of bookkeeper, passed the closing years of his life at Buffalo, New York; Nancy became the wife of Daniel Newberger, who died at Redlands, California, and she now resides in Trumbull County, Ohio; Mary, widow of William Kinkaid, resides at Alliance, Stark County; John, of this sketch, was the next in order of birth; and Lois, who became the wife of Levi Harshman, died in Michigan. John Ormsby was reared on the old homestead farm, one-half mile east of the Village of Jackson in Jackson Township, Mahoning County, his birth having there occurred June 6, 1848, and his early education was acquired mainly in a select school at Jackson Center. After his marriage he was interested in a coal mine and sold coal to the Girard furnace in Girard, Trumbull County, Joseph G. Butler having been superintendent of this furnace, which was conducted in connection with coal and iron mines in that county. In 1871 Mr. Ormsby married, and in 1873 they established their residence on the farm which she received from her father in Berlin Township, Mahoning County. This farm, of sixty-six acres, Mr. Ormsby developed into one of the valuable places of the county, the same having been devoted to diversified agriculture and to the raising of good grades of live stock. Mr. Ormsby erected all of the buildings that now mark the farm as a model domain, and he and his wife still reside on the old homestead, which is adjacent to Berlin Center, the place being under the active management of a progressive tenant, William Schilling, who here makes a specialty of breeding and raising Cheviot sheep and who received seven first and second awards on his exhibition of sheep at the Canfield Fair in 1919. Mr. and Mrs. Ormsby have no children. He is a democrat in politics, and both he and his wife are active members of the Methodist Episcopal Church at Berlin Center. In 1871 was recorded the marriage of Mr. Ormsby to Miss Anna Folk, who was born in Trumbull County, Ohio, August 3o, 1851, and who was an infant at the time when her parents established their home on a farm south of Berlin Center, Mahoning County. She is a daughter of John and Mary (Calhoun) Folk, her father having been a native of Pennsylvania and having been engaged in the operation of a saw mill at Southington, Trumbull County, Ohio, at the time of her birth. Upon coming to Mahoning County Mr. Folk purchased 300 acres of land, the most of which was timbered, and in connection with the reclaiming of the land he operated a saw mill, his old home having been one mile south of Berlin Center, and there he died in 1881, at the age of sixty years. His widow, who was born in 1822, passed away August 7, 1888. In conclusion of this review is given brief record concerning their children : Martha became the wife of Heman Kline and both died on their farm in the south part of Berlin Township, their son Charles being still a resident of that township, and their other son, Warren C., being a resident of Youngstown. May married Kline Cobbs, and she died in 1905. She was a noble Christian woman and made many and lasting friendships. Lemuel, who became the owner of one of the fine farms of Mahoning County, was well known as a breeder and driver of fine horses, and he placed on the turf many high-grade horses of standard breeding. He constructed a well equipped track on his farm in Berlin Township, and here had the best of facilities for the training of his horses, as he was himself an expert driver. With his racing horses he participated as a driver in turf events for forty years, and his reputation as a driver made him one of the foremost in racing circles in America, he having remained a bachelor until the time of his death, in June, 1917. Fidelia became the wife of Andrew Shively and died in Gratiot County, Michigan. Anna is the wife of Mr. Ormsby. Viola is the wife of Emanuel Cronnick, and they reside on a part of the old Folk estate in Berlin Township. 428 - YOUNGSTOWN AND THE MAHONING VALLEY ISAAC J. SMITH has clearly demonstrated his initiative and executive ability through the upbuilding of the substantial lumber manufacturing business of which he is the owner and over which he maintains close personal supervision. He now has six mills in operation and maintains his home and general business headquarters at Berlin Center, Mahoning County. He has made his influence felt not only in the domain of productive industry but also in the local councils of the republican party, as a representative of which he is serving as a member of the Republican County Committee of Mahoning County. Mr. Smith claims the historic old state of New Jersey as the place of his nativity and was there born on the 19th of February, 1877, a son of William H. Smith, who was a carpenter and contractor by vocation, and who is now deceased. Isaac J. Smith acquired his youthful education in the public schools of his native state, and there also he gained his initial experience in connection with the lumber industry—as an employe in a bandsaw mill. His musical talent and ambition finally led him to come to Warren, Ohio, where he pursued his studies for three years in Dana's Institute and made himself proficient as a band and orchestra instructor and leader. Thereafter he taught several .bands which he brought to a high standard, including one at Warren. In 1908 he established his residence at Berlin Center, where previously he had been united in marriage with Miss Amy P. Brown, daughter of James S. Brown, long engaged in business as a harnessmaker at this place and honored also as a veteran of the Civil war. With very limited capitalistic resources, Mr. Smith here brought his earlier experience into effective play, as he became a buyer of lumber and a dealer in logs. He established a saw mill at Berlin Center and vigorously pushed forward his business in the manufacturing of lumber, with the result that success attended his efforts in no uncertain way. This is evidenced by the fact that at the present time he is operating two sawmills in Portage County, one in Trumbull County and three in Mahoning County. He is discriminating in the purchase of raw material, is an authoritative judge of timber values, and all products of his mills are cut to order, the output being mainly utilized by the steel mills of this section of Ohio. In the Smith mills are manufactured about 3,000,000 feet of lumber annually, and of the corps of employes an idea is conveyed by the statement that Mr. Smith's monthly payroll totals about $4,000. He had the courage and judgment to avail himself of an opportunity that he clearly discerned, and the excellent success that has attended the venture has proved the surety of his judgment. He has a practical knowledge of all details of the business, of which he has personal supervision, and can step in and get results at any point in the productive process of his enterprise. He has cleared off an appreciable amount of timbered land in this section, and thus has developed two good farms, which he still owns. One of 155 acres in Berlin Township is now given over principally to the breeding and raising of Duroc-Jersey swine, with an average of 150 head of registered hogs on the place, and from this farm he has exhibited his Duroc-Jerseys at county fairs, the place being in charge of a competent manager. The second farm, of eighty acres, is situated in South Township, Mahoning County, and is rented to a satisfactory tenant. It has already been noted that Mr. Smith is a stalwart in the local camp of the republican party. He is a member of all the Masonic bodies at Warren, Ohio, including Warren Commandery No. 39 and Al Koran Shrine at Cleveland. He and his wife are popular factors in the social activities of their home community, where he not infrequently brings his musical talent into evidence, though he now subordinates musical art to practical business, in which latter field he has likewise demonstrated his exceptional ability. Mr. and Mrs. Smith have as a buoyant member of their home circle Mrs. Smith’s daughter by a previous marriage, Miss Adalegne, who is now a graduate nurse from the Peoples Hospital at Akron, Ohio. HENRY F. KAERCHER. An eminently useful and highly esteemed citizen of Youngstown, Henry F. Kaercher has ever taken a practical interest in local progress and improvements, and as a promoter of beneficial projects is a worthy representative of the enterprise and intelligence associated with the upbuilding of city and county. A son of the late Frederick A. Kaercher, he was born in New Buffalo, Mahoning County, of German lineage, his paternal grandparents, Philip F. and Rebecca (Hahn) Kaercher, having come from Germany to this country, settling in Mahoning County, Ohio, where they cleared a farm from its primitive wildness. A life-long resident of Mahoning County, Frederick A. Kaercher was born on the home farm in Boardman Township August 7, 1846, and died at his home in Youngstown September 22, 1919. As a young man he learned the butcher's trade, and in 1872 located in Youngstown, where he established himself in business, buying stock which he butchered and sold over the counter, his market being at the corner of Mahoning Avenue and Mill Street. He also bought stock for marketing purposes, shipping it from Chicago. He subsequently engaged for many years in the real estate and life insurance business, his office having been in the Dollar Bank Building. Active and influential in the democratic ranks, he served under Mayor Moore for two years as a member of the Board of City Commissioners, while previous to that time, from 1889 until 1890, he was a member of the City Council. Frederick A. Kaercher married, September 3, 1868, Miss Almira Beard, who was born in New Buffalo, a daughter of Henry Beard. Two children blessed their union, as follows : Paul C., engaged in the insurance and real estate business in Youngstown ; and Henry F. Mr. Kaercher was a member of the Knights of Pythias and of the Benevolent and Protective Order of Elks. He was a charter member of the Grace English Lutheran Church, to which Mrs. Kaercher belongs. Henry F. Kaercher acquired his preliminary education in Youngstown, attending the Front Street School and Rayen High School. Going to Phila- YOUNGSTOWN AND THE MAHONING VALLEY - 429 delphia after his graduation from the latter institution, he attended a school of pharmacy, and in 1892 opened a drug store at No. 271 West Federal Street, where he continued in business until 1900, meeting with good success. Turning his attention to other interests, Mr. Kaercher built an electric light and power plant, which he later sold to the Mahoning and Shenango Electric Light and Power Company, the sale being made in the fall of w00. In the spring of woo Mr. Kaercher organized the Youngstown Heating Company, of which he was vice president and treasurer, and largely directed it until 1917, when that plant, also, was purchased by the Mahoning & Shenango Electric Light and Power Company. In May, 1918, Mr. Kaercher accepted his present position as superintendent of the Youngstown Water Works, which under his wise supervision is one of the most useful of the municipal plants. Politically Mr. Kaercher has always supported the principles of the democratic party. Fraternally he belongs to Hillman Lodge No. 481, Free and Accepted Masons, Youngstown Chapter, Royal Arch Masons, and Buechner Council. He is also a member of the Benevolent and Protective Order of Elks, and of the Rotary Club. He is a member of the Auto Club and the Engineers Club. During the World war he was a member of Draft Board No. 3, Youngstown, Ohio. Religiously he is a member of the English Lutheran Church. JOHN HOTCHKISS is a young man whose initiative and executive ability has brought to him a position of prominence in connection with the industrial and commercial activities of Mahoning County, and at Sebring he is general manager of the Sebring Tire & Rubber Company, with which he has been identified in this capacity from the time of the organization of the company in 1916. In that year this important industrial concern was incorporated with a capital stock of $200,000, and the personnel of the executive corps has remained unchanged. H. D. Weaver has continuously been president of the company; W. B. Stevenson, secretary and treasurer ; and John Hotchkiss, general manager ; S. B. Smith likewise being one of the stockholders and directors of the corporation. In initiating manufacturing operarions the company purchased an old foundry plant, the building of which was 50 by 150 feet in dimensions. With the substantial expansion of business it was found necessary to enlarge the building, the plant being now 130 by 150 feet in dimensions and its equipment throughout being of the best modern standard. As a matter of commercial expediency the capital stock has been increased to $500,000. This important industrial concern, ably and effectively managed, gives employment to a corps of ninety hands, and the average output of the plant is S00 tires daily, the casings for the tires being known as the Sebring Efficiency Casings and the superiority of the product being widely recognized, as shown by the constant expansion of the business of this enterprising company. Mr. Hotchkiss was born at East Palestine, Columbiana County, Ohio, August 29, 1880, and was Vol. III-3 there reared and educated. As a skilled potter he came to Sebring soon after the Sebring manufactory was here put in operation, but after having been in the employ of the Sebring Company for a time he here engaged in the men's furnishings goods business, besides which he operated for three years an aluminum foundry, the plant of which was that in which the Sebring Tire & Rubber Company subsequently initiated operations. As an uncompromising and ardent advocate of the principles of the republican party, Mr. Hotchkiss is an influential figure in its councils and campaign activities in Mahoning County, and his activities in this field have brought to him a wide acquaintanceship and a host of loyal friends in the county. His popularity has been further augmented by his having been manager of every baseball team that has upheld the honors of Sebring in connection with the great national game. He is affiliated with the Masonic fraternity, including Alliance Commandery No. 67, and both he and his wife are members of the Presbyterian Church. In 1904 was solemnized the marriage of Mr. Hotchkiss to Miss Stella Boohecker, of Alliance, Stark County, and they have an adopted daughter, still an infant at the time of this writing, in 1920. HENRY J. WINDLE, a venerable and honored citizen who is now living practically retired in the village of Beloit, is a scion of a sterling pioneer family of Ohio. He is a birthright member of the Society of Friends, and notwithstanding he has ever adhered earnestly to the teachings of this noble faith, which involves a general opposition to warfare, his youthful patriotism led him to give loyal service as a soldier of the Union in the Civil war. He has been long and prominently concerned with the agricultural and live-stock industry in Mahoning County, and is a citizen whose character and achievement mark him as most eligible for representation in this history. Mr. Windle was born on a pioneer farm near Winona, Columbiana County, Ohio, March 12, 1841, and is a son of Joseph J. and Phoebe (Dutton) Windle. Joseph J. Windle was born in Chester County, Pennsylvania, where he was reared and educated and where he learned the trade of plasterer, His parents, Mr. and Mrs. Benjamin Windle, zealous members of the Society of Friends, came to Ohio and became pioneers of Columbiana County, where the father reclaimed and improved the old homestead farm on which his grandson, Henry J., of this review, was born. From this farm Benjamin Windle finally removed to another place, nine miles distant from the original homestead and near Leetonia, and on this latter farm he passed the residue of his life, he having been past eighty years of age at the time of his death. Joseph J. Windle came to Ohio about a year later than did his parents, and eventually he came into possession of his father's original farm near Winona. He there continued as one of the successful farmers and influential and honored citizens of his community until his death, in the early '9os, his wife having preceded him to eternal rest by a period of about twenty years and having been about fifty years of age at the time of her demise. Of their children brief record may consistently be 430 - YOUNGSTOWN AND THE MAHONING VALLEY entered: Mary J. became the wife of Peter Ward, who was an oil refiner at Oil City, Pennsylvania, and Cleveland, Ohio, and she was still a young woman at the time of her death ; Henry J., of this review, was the next in order of birth; Anna Maria married and is now residing in the West; Benjamin Franklin, more familiarly known as Frank, resides near Damascus, Mahoning County; Milton was railroad station agent and also a merchant at Garfield, Ma-honing County, at the time of his death, about 19o9; Alfaretta is the wife of James Hoops, and they reside near Winona, Columbiana County ; Edwin, a retired farmer, resides at Salem, Columbiana County ; and Ida is the wife of George Wolf, residing near Winona, that county. Henry J. was reared on the old home farm and gained his youthful education in the common schools of the period. August 11, 1862, about six months after his twenty-first birthday, he enlisted in Company G, One Hundred and Fourth Ohio Volunteer Infantry, several of his boyhood chums having been members of the same company. Mr. Windle ran the full gamut of the hardships and dangers incidental to the great conflict between the North and the South, his service being principally in Kentucky, Tennessee and Georgia, where his command reached Atlanta as a part of the Twenty-Third Corps, under General Cox. Under this commander the company was sent back in pursuit of the forces under General Hood and took part in the battles of Franklin and Nashville, Tennessee. Thereafter the regiment was sent to join Sherman's forces in North Carolina, and was detailed by General Sherman to service in connection with the surrender of General Johnston. Never wounded, captured or confined in hospital, Mr. Windle continued with his regiment until the close of the war, and with it he was mustered out of service at Cleveland, Ohio. After the close of the war Mr. Windle returned to his home, and in 1866 he married. Thereafter he continued operations on one of his father's farms near Winona until 189o, when he removed to the fine farm of which he is still the owner, the same being situated three-fourths of a mile south of Beloit, and the place having been brought to high standard under his vigorous and effective management. Giving his attention to diversified agriculture and the raising of good live stock, Mr. Windle also did for some time an appreciable business as a dealer in live stock. In this connection he recalls that in his youth he saw the departure of the last flock of sheep driven across the mountains to market in Pennsylvania. While he has had no desire for personal preferment of official order, Mr. Windle has been a loyal and active supporter of the cause of the democratic party, and he served twenty-five years as a member of the election board of his township. Both he and his wife still maintain active affiliation with the Society of Friends. In 1866, near Salem, Columbiana County, was solemnized the marriage of Mr. Windle to Miss Adeline Burns, daughter of George and Lydia (Stratton) Burns, her paternal grandfather, of Scotch lineage, having been a pioneer of that county. Mr. and Mrs. Windle have three children: George is postmaster at Sebring, Mahoning County ; Elmer, a molder by trade, resides at Alliance, Stark County and Minnie is the wife of Harvey Bartges, of Georgetown, Brown County. FRED B. HANDEL. The office of biography is not to give voice to a man's modest estimate of himself and his accomplishments, but rather to leave upon the record the verdict establishing his character, by the consensus of opinion on rhe part of his fellow citizens. In touching upon the life history of subject of the sketch, the writer aims to avoid fulsome encomium and extravagant praise ; yet he desires to hold up for consideration those facts which have shown the distinction of a true, useful and honorable life—a life characterized by energy perseverance and well-defined purpose. To do this will be but to reiterate the dictum pronounced upon the man by the people who have known him long and well. Fred B. Handel is a native of the city in which he now resides and was born in 1887. He is the son of Henry and Elizabeth (Davis) Handel, who still reside in Youngstown, the former sixty-one years of age and the latter, fifty-three. Mrs. Elizabeth Davis Handel is descended from one of the old and well known Welsh families of this community. He father, Robert Davis, was a coal miner at Church Hill, but later became a resident of Youngstown Henry Handel, who was born at Mineral Ridge, Ohio, was employed at the Brown-Bonnell Mill, was a worker in iron for thirty-five years. A keen lover of music, he was a member of the old Fort Mechanics Band, now the Tod Post Band, and in many ways took an intelligent interest in matters contributing to the welfare and best interests in the community. He has been broad and liberal in his political views and, especially in local elections, he has cast his ballot in favor of the men whom he deemed best fitted for office, regardless of party lines. Fred B. Handel received his education in St. Joseph's School. At the age of sixteen years he obtained employment in the Fred B. King undertaking establishment. Having decided to make his profession his permanent vocation, he then entered the Barnes School of Anatomy at Chicago, where he took a full course of study in embalming. He then was employed as an embalmer in various places, among them the largest undertaking establishment in the United States, that of the Oliver H. Bair Company in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania. He then went into business for himself at New Castle, Pennsylvania, but in 1908 he returned to Youngstown and started the business which now bears his name and of which he has charge. The new home of the company is one of the most up-to-date and best equipped establishments of the kind in the country, containing a morgue and chapel, as well as other features which contribute to the success of the business. On September 16. 1908, Mr. Handel was married to Minnette Voegtly, a native of Youngstown and daughter of Charles Voegtly and granddaughter of Peter Deibel. To this union have been born three children, Charles, Robert and Mildred. The family are members of St. Joseph's Catholic Church. Mr. YOUNGSTOWN AND THE MAHONING VALLEY - 431 Handel is a member of the Knights of Columbus, the Benevolent and Protective Order of Elks, the Catholic Mutual Benefit Association and the Knights of St. George. In politics he, like his father, has always favored the best men for public office. A man of broad views and generous impulses, he gives his unreserved support to every local movement for the upbuilding of the city and community, and Is numbered among the leading men of his city. ISAAC BARBER HEACOCK, a well-known and respected resident of Smith Township, Mahoning County, Ohio, a Civil war veteran, assessor for twenty years in that township and for about as many years a teacher in the township schools, and latterly for fifteen years a rural free delivery carrier, comes of a family resident in that neighborhood for more than a century. The Heacock family has just claim to inclusion among the pioneer families of the Ma-honing Valley, for it was in 1816 that Nathan and Dinah (Dennis) Heacock, grandparents of Isaac B., came into the Salem district. And the family can lay claim to inclusion among the early pioneer families of Pennsylvania, for it was in the generation of William Penn, in the seventeenth century, that the American progenitor of the Heacock family came from England and settled in that state. The family has held to the Society of Friends, commonly termed Quakers, since the first settlement of their American grand ancestor in the Quaker settlement in Bucks County of Pennsylvania; and there for many generations the family lived. In fact, the family was of residence in Bucks County until after the birth of Edwin, father of Isaac B. He was born in 1811, and when five years old came, in 1816, with his parents into Ohio, settling in Salem Township, Columbiana County, where they lived until 1825, when Nathan Heacock secured from the United States Government the tract of wild land which they later developed and which is still in the possession of their descendants. The land is situated in the northwestern part of section 28 of Smith Township, Mahoning County, but at that time in Columbiana County, and the present Isaac Heacock home is on good elevation, about one mile to the westward of Sebring Village, mid Is perhaps the finest residential property between Sebring and Alliance. Nathan Heacock spent the remainder of his life on that property, gradually clearing it and converting it from the wild state to one of good agricultural worth. The house he built and lived in for the greater part of his life on that property still stands. Nathan Heacock died in 1866, an octogenarian. Nathan and Dinah (Dennis) Heacock were the parents of seven sons and three daughters. The ten children in the order of their birth were: Amos, who died in early manhood; Edwin, father of Isaac B.; Jane, who married Ezra Borton and died in Portage County, Ohio; Milton, who went to Southern Indiana; Barton, who lived most of his life in farming occupations in Smith Township, in which he died in old age; Cenith, who married Nathan Thomas ; Tacy, who married Milton Coffee; Elias, who met his death in a runaway accident at the age of thirty-eight years; Antrim, who died in the prime of life; and Enos, who died at the age of eighty years, his whole life having been spent on the parental farm in Smith Township, which his son Nathan now occupies. Edwin, second child of Nathan and Dinah (Dennis) Heacock, was born in Bucks County, Pennsylvania, in 1811, and died in Smith Township, Mahoning County, Ohio, in 1895, aged eighty-four years. He grew in the sturdiness that seemed to come to the children of pioneer settlers, notwithstanding the hardships and rigors that must have been part of their early years. When he had reached manhood and responsibility he was given eighty acres of his father's landed estate, and that acreage he was probably mainly responsible for bringing into cultivation. He was a man of enterprising spirit, and in one period of his life was widely-known in the neighborhood and in neighboring counties as a thresherman. His early equipment for such work was of the primitive kind. The chaff piler he used did not separate grain from straw, it being necessary to shake the latter with a hand fork and throw aside, the grain and chaff being afterward separated by hand fanning mill. It is stated that he later brought the first separator into the district. Edwin Heacock, and for that matter most of the other members of the Heacock family of his generation, was averse to participation in public affairs, but they were sincere members of the Society of Friends. The settlers in that section were mostly of that faith, and they all attended the Quaker Hill Friends Church, in which Edwin's brothers, Barton and Enos, were speakers. Edwin Heacock was one of the largest farm operators in the township. He owned 160 acres of the original Heacock farm and other contiguous land, and also more land nearby, and throughout his life he was industrious and thorough. He married Hannah Barber, who was born in 1816 and died in 1880, aged sixty-four years. They had eight children, namely : Lewis, who has had a long and successful life, notwithstanding serious physical' handicap. As a boy he was eager to help his father in the work of the thresher, and when fourteen years had the misfortune to lose his arm, which got caught in the threshing machinery. He has, nevertheless, spent a long life in active farming, and at one time had a farm in Kansas. He is now eighty-two years old, and lives near Los Angeles, California. Dennis lives at Springfield, Missouri. He is a veteran of the Civil war, a soldier of three years of war service, and in later life he followed farming. Isaac, regarding whose life and its association with Ma-honing County, more follows. Nathan, for forty years has lived in Warsaw, Indiana. Chalkley also lives in California. Curtis was for forty years a railroad official, and still lives on his father's farm in Smith Township. Edgar lives at Akron, Ohio. Emerson was accidentally killed when four years old. Isaac, third child of Edwin and Hannah. (Barber) Heacock, was born in Smith Township, Mahoning County, Ohio, on April 13, 1840. He attended the local schools in his boyhood, and lived on the parental farm until he was twenty-four years old, when he married Laura Normanda McMahan. His own parents had married outside of the Quaker Church, and after the birth of their first child, Lewis, his father was disowned by the Society of Friends. For many 432 - YOUNGSTOWN AND THE MAHONING VALLEY years the family was excommunicated; in fact it was not until shortly before the birth of their youngest child, Emerson, that Edwin and Hannah (Barber) Heacock were admitted into church membership again. Therefore only the two sons named, their first and last born, had birthright in the Society of Friends. Isaac, in this respect, was one of the unfortunate sons; and throughout his life until his sixtieth year he was to some extent considered unfortunate in that he was never able to accumulate monetary wealth. A wealth of love and parental responsibility came to him with the years, for he became the father of eight children, and a wealth of energy was always his. Throughout his life he has been industrious, but not until his children had grown to manhood and womanhood and were well established in life was he ever able to add much to his material store. And it seemed somewhat late in life for a man of sixty years to plan anew a business career that would promise lucrative return. Yet, the comfort in material wealth that is now the possession of Isaac B. Heacock has been the outcome of his own enterprise and industrious application during the last fifteen or twenty years, and he is now eighty years of age. Truly, it has been a noteworthy period of his life. During the Civil war he was a member of Company G of the Eighty-Sixth Regiment, doing guard duty with that unit. During his life he has done much farming, although for twenty years he was a teacher in township schools. From March 1, 1904, until May 15, 1919, he daily covered the Beloit route as a rural free delivery mail carrier, and at the end of that period, being then in his seventy-ninth year, he felt that his days of constant labor should about end. Therefore he has since lived in comparative retirement and in comfortable circumstances in his nice home near Sebring. During his active life he has taken good part in township affairs. For twenty years he was township assessor, and has also been land appraiser. In the prime of life he spent some years in Indiana, where he was in business partnership with his brother Nathan, the two operating a sawmill near Warsaw of that state. After he returned to Ohio and to Mahoning County Isaac Heacock passed the years in various employment, and latterly became the owner of part of the old farm. Isaac B. Heacock has been twice married, his second wife, whom he married on December 28, 1912, being Mrs. Rachel (Case) Carver, widow of Harrison W. Carver of Salem Township. She was born in Bucks County, Pennsylvania, in 185o, coming in 1856 to Union Grove, Columbiana County, and later to near Westville, where her parents both died. In her married life she lived in Salem for about twenty years, and has very many almost life-long friends in that neighborhood and in Mahoning County. No children have been born to her marriage to Isaac B. Heacock, but the eight children of Isaac B. and Laura Normanda (McMahan) Heacock were: Thomas Emerson, who died when seven years old; Lida, who married Elmer Stiver, of Cleveland, Ohio; Alice, who married Volney Faith, of Alliance, Ohio; Emerson, who lives at Leetsdale, Pennsylvania; Willis, who is a successful farmer of Knox Township, his farm being south of Sebring; Gilbert, who lives at Alliance, Ohio; Luella, who married William Sheets, of Alliance ; and Enos, who was killed when twenty-two years old. He was a railroad official, and was killed in the local freight yard, cars passing over his body. He was a young man of good purpose, self-reliant and reliable; and he had many friends to whom his sudden death came as a distinct shock. Still, Mr. Heacock is perhaps fortunate to have lived to see so many of his children reach majority and become well established in life. JESSE M. HARTZELL, a venerable citizen who is now living retired in the Village of Beloit, Mahoning County, is a representative of one of the honored pioneer families of the Mahoning Valley, is a veteran of the Civil war and has been worthily identified with civic and material progress in this favored section of the Buckeye State, so that he well merits recognition in this history. Jesse Miller Hartzell was born in Deerfield Township, Portage County, Ohio, in January, 1845, and is a son of Frederick and Mary (Eckis) Hartzell. In a pioneer home on the same site as the building in which the subject of this review was born, Frederic Hartzell was born in the year 181o, the youngest I the children of George and Dorothy Hartzell. Geo Hartzell, father of George, was born in 1739 and b came one of the very early settlers of Portage Coun ty, where his death occurred in 1813, his remains be. ing laid to rest in the old Hartzell Cemetery in Deer field Township. He came to Ohio from Lehigh County, Pennsylvania, and he and his sons became the owners of a large tract of land in Portage County where they reclaimed farms from the forest wilds, George Hartzell, the son, was born in 1764 and died in 1844, in Deerfield Township. His brothers likewis were pioneers in the development of Portage County in whose history the family name is one of prominence. "Bachelor John" Hartzell, a son of Georg mentioned above, was a soldier in the War of 1812 and was a resident of Deerfield Township at the tim of his death, as was also the son Henry. Frederic, Hartzell was born in 1810, in a substantial brick boil which his father had erected in that year, and was reared under the conditions that marked pioneer period in the history of Portage County. 1859 he removed to the village of Beloit, Mahoning County, where he conducted a general store for the ensuing five years. The building which he used for this purpose was erected by him in 1854, and is still standing, as one of the landmarks of the county He finally traded his store and business for a farm one mile west of Beloit, and with the aid of his son he reclaimed to cultivation the major part of this tract of this 200 acres. On this homestead he passed remainder of his life, his death having occurred 1868. His brother Jonas became one of the first m isters of the Christian or Disciples' Church, whose founder, Alexander Campbell, had preached in Portage County, where he made many converts. Rev. Jonas Hartzell removed to Davenport, Iowa, about the year 1855, and his death occurred in 1865. Mary (Eckis) Hartzell, wife of Frederick, was born in Springfield Township but reared in Milton Township, Portage County, her father, John Eckis, having been an honored pioneer of the county. Mrs. Frederick Hartzell died in the year 1867, and was one of YOUNGSTOWN AND THE MAHONING VALLEY - 433 the revered pioneer women of Mahoning County. Frederick Hartzell was loyal to all civic responsibiliues but had no desire for public office, virtually his only service of this order being in the capacity of school director. In the climacteric period leading up to the Civil war he was a strong abolitionist of the constitutionalist rather than the Garrisonian type, and he was zealous in support of the Union during the war, it having been mainly due to his patriotic efforts that no drafting of men was required in Smith Township. He was a man of broad mental ken, though his youthful educational advantages were necessarily limited. It is a matter of record that when forty years of age he attended school for the purpose of learning grammar and otherwise supplementing his scholastic knowledge. He read much and with discrimination, was well informed and became known for his mature judgment as well as for his sterling integrity in all of the relations of life. He was influential in the establishing of school debating societies, spelling schools and Sunday schools, and was specially zealous as a teacher in the Sunday school. He was an earnest member of the Presbyterian Church, with which his parents united, though they had been reared in the faith of the Lutheran Church. Frederick Hartzell served many years as elder of the Presbyterian Church of his home community, and his wife likewise was zealous in church work. They became the parents of eight children. Josiah, who received the academic degree of Doctor of Philosophy, devoted most of his active life to newspaper publishing. He became editor and publisher of the Stark County Republican at Canton, Ohio, a paper that was founded by Joseph Medill, who later gained fame as publisher of the Chicago Tribune. Josiah Hartzell was one of the influential citizens of Canton at the time of his death. Of Capt. John C. Hartzell, the second son, individual mention is made on other pages of this publication. Lucy, who resides in the City of Canton, is the widow of Capt. Homer J. Ball, who was an officer in the Nineteenth Ohio Volunteer Infantry in the Civil war. Jesse Miller, of this review, was the next in order of birth. Robert is a wholesale coal dealer in the City of Minneapolis, Minnesota. Rose Ella, who resides in the City of Cleveland, is the widow of J. Howard Johnson, who was a prominent insurance man. Jesse Miller Hartzell, who was named in honor of a pioneer Presbyterian clergyman who was pastor of the old church at Deerfield, Portage County, acquired his early education in the common schools of Mahoning County, and as a youth he found employment in the printing establishment of his brother Josiah, who was then publisher of the Stark County Republican, as previously noted. The subject of this sketch continued to be thus associated with newspaper work until 1863, when, at the age of eighteen years, he subordinated all other interests to tender his aid in defense of the Union. He enlisted in the Twelfth Ohio Cavalry, commanded by Col. R. W. Ratliff of Warren, the colonel having been a son-in-law of Hon. David Tod, the war governor of Ohio. Mr. Hartzell continued in service until after the close of the war, his honorable discharge having been received in November, 1865. In 1864 he was captured by the forces of Gen. John Morgan at Mt. Sterling, Kentucky, but he was rescued by Union forces five days later. Morgan had at the time about 200 Union captives, and Mr. Hartzell, with others of the prisoners, was deprived of his boots, so that he had to walk barefooted for many miles, blood tracks marking his progress. The last campaign of Jesse Hartzell was in pursuit of the fleeing president of the southern confederacy across the states of North and South Carolina into Georgia, where Mr. Davis surrendered. After the close of his service as a soldier Mr. Hartzell continued as a compositor and pressman in the office of the Stark County Republican until 1868, and in this connection it may be noted that at Canton, in 1864, he operated the first power press brought into Northeastern Ohio, the same having been transported overland from Cleveland. In 1868 Mr. Hartzell returned to the old homestead farm, and three years later, in 1871, he wedded Miss Mary E. Stanley, daughter of Littlebury Stanley, a representative of a family that settled in Knox Township, Columbiana County, in the pioneer days, Littlebury Stanley having come to Mahoning County about 1848 and two years later having purchased of an old Quaker family a farm a short distance south of Beloit. After his marriage Mr. Hartzell settled on a farm east of Beloit, and later he owned and operated a well improved truck farm south of this village. There he continued his activities until 191o, since which time he has lived virtually retired in the Village of Beloit. He served five years as constable, and for years he was treasurer of the school board, as was he also of the Village of Beloit. His services were in demand as a member of the election board until he refused longer to serve in this capacity. For the past fifteen years Mr. Hartzell has taken much pride in preparing and submitting a perfect record of the successive reunions of the Civil war veterans of Mahoning County, and, thus he has kept in close touch with his old comrades, aided in obtaining pensions for them and vitalizing the more pleasing memories of the Civil war period. He was a charter member of Canton Post No. 25, Grand Army of the Republic, which was organized at the judicial center of Stark County in 1867, but after returning to Ma-honing County he became affiliated with John C. Fremont Post at Alliance. He closely resembles his brother, Capt. John C. Hartzell, and the two have frequently been mistaken for each other. In politics Mr. Hartzell is a staunch republican, and he and his wife are zealous members of the Presbyterian Church, in which he has served as an elder for a quarter of a century. Mr. and Mrs. Hartzell have two daughters : Nellie is the wife of Jacob Courtney, of Smith Township, Mahoning County ; and Flora H. is the wife of L. J. Early, a wholesale and retail meat dealer at Alliance. WILLIAM A. SMITH. One of the oldest mercantile concerns of Youngstown is The J. W. Smith & Sons Company, shoe merchants, a business established more than half a century ago, and involving the working abilities and services of three generations of the Smith family. The president of the company is William A. Smith. It was his father, the late John W. Smith, who 434 - YOUNGSTOWN AND THE MAHONING VALLEY started the business in 1864 where the Siegel store is now located. John W. Smith was a native of Germany, and during his youth in that country served an apprenticeship at the tanner's trade and became an expert in the art of tanning and finishing leather of the higher grades. At the age of sixteen he left Germany and came to America to join his brother George, who had preceded him to the United States. At New York City he found employment as a tanner, and from that state came to Warren, Ohio, while still a young man, and subsequently moved to Tecumseh, Michigan, where for several years he was a farmer. From his Michigan farm he came to Youngstown, and after a few months in the grocery business became a shoe dealer, and was active in the management of the establishment over forty years, until his death on May 25, 1908, at the age of eighty. The Smith shoe house was in the Excelsior Block until 1875, when it was removed to its present location. The building and other facilities have been from time to time enlarged and remodeled, and today the store is one of the largest and most completely equipped with fine shoe merchandise in Eastern Ohio. On the death of the founder of the business it was continued by his sons Henry W. and William A. Smith. Henry W. Smith died in 1916, and since then William A. Smith has been active manager and president of the company. William A. Smith was born on his father's farm near Tecumseh, Michigan, January 15, 1856. His mother was Katharine Fisher, who was only an infant when her people came to Warren, Ohio, from Germany. She died November 4, 191o, at the age, of eighty-one. Of her seven children four are still living: William A., Mrs. J. L. Trauger, of Columbus, Caroline and Katharine H. The three deceased sons were Henry W., John W. and Frederick. William A. Smith was a small boy when brought to Youngstown, was educated in the local schools, in the Rayen High School, and was still very young when he began selling shoes over the counter in the store in which he is now president. He has prospered in business, and has liberally aided every movement for the growth and development of Youngstown, which he has seen increase to a great city from only a village. For two years he was a member of the Court House Commission when the present magnificent county building was in course of construction. He is a member of the Chamber of Commerce, the Country and Youngstown clubs, and is affiliated with the Masonic order. In 1893 Mr. Smith married Clara Harmon, of Warren. She was a small girl when her father died. Mr. and Mrs. Smith have one son, John W., who is a graduate of Yale University and is secretary-treasurer of J. W. Smith & Sons Company. He has recently resumed his connection with the business at Youngstown after a long absence as a soldier in the World war. He was in the 324th Heavy Field Artillery, and for twelve months was in France. He participated in the great battle of the Argonne, and was one of the first of the Americans to reach the River Rhine. GEORGE Y. DAVIS, M. D., controls a practice whose extent and character mark him as one of the representative physicians and surgeons of Mahoning County, where he maintains his home and professional headquarters at Sebring. On a farm ten miles east of Lisbon, Columbiana County, Ohio, Doctor Davis was born on the 9th of January, 1867, a son of Job R. and Lucretia (Young) Davis, who likewise were born in that county. Rev. Rees Davis, grandfather of the doctor, was a native of Wales, was graduated in historic old Oxford University England, and became a minister of the Baptist Church. He came to America as a young man of thirty-five years, and for the long period of thirty-three years he was pastor of the Achor Baptist Church in Columbiana County, Ohio, where also he developed and improved the old homestead farm on which he continued to reside until his death. On this farm Job R. Davis continued his active operations as an agriculturist until he too passed away, at the age of fifty-three years, his wife surviving him by a number of years. Balzer Young, maternal grandfather of Doctor Davis, was born in Eastern Pennsylvania, and was one of the honored pioneer of Columbiana County, Ohio, where he became a citizen of influence in his community and was one of the organizers of the Baptist Church mentioned above. Mrs. Lucretia Davis passed to the life eternal in 1918, at the venerable age of seventy-eight years. The boyhood of Doctor Davis was passed on the home farm and in addition to receiving the advantages of the public schools of the locality, he attended and was graduated from Mount Hope Academy at Rogers, a village in his native county. Thereafter he taught in the district schools of Columbiana County during a number of winter terms, and in the intervening summers he followed the carpenter’s trade. He attended the medical department of the Ohio Wesleyan University, in the City of Cleveland in which institution he was graduated as a member of the class of 1899, with the degree of Doctor of Medicine. For six years thereafter he was engaged in practice at Minerva, Stark County, and in 1911 he came to Sebring, Mahoning County, where he has built up a large and representative general practice which indicates alike his professional ability and his personal popularity. He is a member of the Stark County Medical Society and the Ohio State Medical Society, and he keeps in close touch with the advances made in medical and surgical science, with a high sense of professional stewardship. He is a republican in politics, is affiliated with the Masoni fraternity and both he and his wife are zealous members of the Presbyterian Church at Sebring, he being a member of its session. September 9, 1896, recorded the marriage, at Darlington, Pennsylvania, of Doctor Davis to Miss Grace McClymonds, who was born and reared in that state of Scotch-Irish lineage. Mrs. Davis was afforded the advantages of the Pennsylvania Normal School at Slippery Rock and as a talented musician she was a teacher of private classes in music for several years. She is a popular figure in the representative social activities of the community and is zealous also in church work. Doctor and Mrs. Davis have two children : Miriam, who was graduated from the Se- YOUNGSTOWN AND THE MAHONING VALLEY - 435 being High School, is, in 1920, a student in Mount Union College; Louis M., who was graduated in the high school as a member of the class of 1918, is taking a scientific course at Wooster College. LEWIS ABRAM BANDY (or Binditt, which was the original patronymic of his family), well-known druggist of Sebring, Mahoning County, Ohio, has an interesting family history. The Bandy (or Binditt) family has been resident in Ohio for four generations, and the American progenitor, Abram Louis, his son of Louis L., and his grandson, Henry L., father of Lewis A., were all well-known in Alliance, and the later generations in Sebring. The Bandy (Binditt) family may be considered of French origin, for it was in France that it became most distinctive; but early generations of the family lived in the Canton of Berne, Switzerland, and are in both Swiss and French under the cognomen Brinditt. Abram Louis, the great-grandfather and the first of the family to have American residence, appears to have held to the original surname, but his son Louis L., who was for many decades a veterinary surgeon in Ohio, and is still remembered by some of the oldest residents of Alliance and that vicinity, apparently adopted the Americanized version, for it is stated he had very many friends in the district who familiarly designated him "Old Bandy." The great-grandfather was known to Emperor Napoleon; he was one of his famous grenadiers, and at one time was his aide-de-camp. His brother-in-law was the great Marshal Ney, who, next to Napoleon, was perhaps the greatest soldier of France of that martial time. Abram Louis Binditt, it is stated, was the last of four brothers to serve under Napoleon, which perhaps means that his three brothers died in the service of Napoleon. Data are not now available as to the exact month in which Abram Louis Binditt left France for America, but it was in the year 1833. The record shows that the family lived in the south of France, in the town of Melisley, and that in 1833 Abram L. and Louis L. came into Ohio from Hagerstown, Maryland, and also that Abram lived in Columbiana County, Ohio, for the remainder of his life. Abram L. Binditt was a man of wonderful physique. In the stirring days in which he grew to manhood in France he undoubtedly lived an active open-air life, passed mainly, probably, in military activities. In his native country he was a lumberman, but after he came into Ohio he located on a large farm and also had a large store. He was reputed to have been the strongest man in the district, and was stated to have been able to shoulder 750 pounds and carry it half a mile on a wager. Also, it appears that in his early manhood he came into prominence for his fistic prowess. Altogether, he was undoubtedly a manly man, and well fitted for the rugged conditions of American pioneer life. He brought many Napoleonic relics over to America with him, and they would now be treasured by his descendants, had not a disastrous fire which ultimately gutted the house of his grandson, Henry L., destroyed almost all of the interesting relics. About the only relic left is a pair of shirt studs sent from France as a birthday present to Louis L., grandfather of Lewis A. And among the priceless relics destroyed was a hand-painted portrait of Napoleon, presented by him to his faithful old grenadier and aide-de-camp, Abram L. Binditt. The latter lived to octogenarian age, and his strong character brought him very many friends in America. His son Louis L. lived in Ohio for the greater part of his life. He followed the profession of his choice and was a veterinary surgeon of Columbiana County, Ohio, widely known throughout the county and into Mahoning County. He was eighty-four years old in the year of his death, and had an enviable reputation as a veterinary surgeon. Henry Lewis Bandy, son of Louis L. and grandson of Abram L., was born in Knox Township, Columbiana County, Ohio, June 8, 1848, and died May 3o, 1919. His widow survives him and still lives in the old Bandy homestead, which is situated about 2,500 yards to the westward of the Village of Sebring, Ma-honing County. Upon that farm Henry L. Bandy lived from 1884 until his death in 1919, and had earlier lived on the property of the family in Knox Township, Columbiana County. He was a mason by trade, specializing in brick work, and his craft took him to many places. For a while he worked in Memphis, Tennessee, and after the great Chicago fire spent a year or two in that city. He was an expert craftsman, was skilled in pressed-brick work, in arch and keystone work and the like, and at one time was able to command a wage of $8 per diem. Earlier in life he was a stone cutter, and was reputed to excel in such masonry. He showed good business enterprise, and did much independent contracting. Many of the public buildings of Columbiana and Mahoning counties that still stand and of which he was the contractor are testimonials to both his enterprise and his thoroughness. He built many school and church structures, and as a brick mason he was noted for the rapidity of building. He had responsible part in the building of the first edifice in Alliance for the McCormick Binder people and this is still on the grounds of the Morgan Engineering Company of that place. In 1884, when he acquired the farm in Smith Township, near the Village of Sebring, he had practically retired from work at his trade, and for the next fourteen or fifteen years he devoted his time almost exclusively to agricultural work, in 1894 erecting a spacious barn on his property, which building, however, was destroyed five years later by fire caused by lightning, and fire also destroyed the Napoleonic heirlooms before referred to. His house was burned in December, 1918. In 1900 he again resumed his trade work, more or less undertaking masonry contracts in the vicinity of his home from that year until his death. Henry L. Bandy was a democrat in politics, and at one time was active in its local affairs. For nine years he was a township trustee, and was widely known throughout Mahoning County. Fraternally he belonged to the Masonic Order. He was twice married, and to his first wife were born two children, daughters, Lizzie and Sylvia, and to the second marriage was born one child, a son, Lewis Abram. The widow, Jemima (Miller) Bandy, still lives on the family farming property, which is now being cut into small tracts, under development plans. She was 436 - YOUNGSTOWN AND THE MAHONING VALLEY born in Columbiana County, daughter of John Miller, of Knox Township. Lewis Abram Bandy, son of Henry L. and Jemima (Miller) Bandy, was born on the paternal farm to the westward of Sebring on December 27, 1885. He attended local schools in his boyh00d, and eventually graduated from the Alliance High School. Having decided to enter professional life, he soon after graduating from the high school took up pharmaceutical study and work, and in order to qualify took the course in pharmacy at the Western University of Pennsylvania, now known as the University of Pittsburgh. He graduated as a pharmacist, and gained much experience in the business phase of the profession by service of five years in the Frank Brothers drug store at Homestead, Pennsylvania. On July 18, 1912, he returned to his native state and county and opened the store he has since so successfully conducted in Sebring, Mahoning County. His store is housed in a substantial three-storied building built by his father in 1911, and apparently built with the intention that the son should occupy it for professional purposes. Mr. Bandy has shown g00d business acumen since he has been in possession of the Sebring store, for to supplement the drug store line, which is comprehensive, he has also entered into the general merchandising trading to an appreciable extent. He occupies two floors of the building, and the third is rented by the local branch of the Independent Order of Odd Fellows. Mr. Bandy has had good business and professional success since he has become established in Sebring, and has a nice home in the village, owning the old Steven Gray residence, which is somewhat historic, as it was upon that farm that the Village of Sebring was centered. The residence was built in 1884, and since it has passed into the possession of Mr. Bandy he has modernized it. Mr. Bandy has not followed political activities with personal co-operation, but he has been prominently identified with the functioning of some of the local branches of fraternal orders. He is a Mason to the Knights Templar degree, and is a charter member of Sebring Lodge No. 926. He also is a charter member of the McKinley Lodge of the Independent Order of Odd Fellows. In that order he has passed through all the chairs and is affiliated with the local encampment, Patriarchs Militant, Rebekah and of other fraternal organizations to which Mr. Bandy belongs might be mentioned the Knights of the Maccabees, Beloit, Ohio, and the Modern Woodmen, of Homestead, Pennsylvania. Mr. Bandy, on December 27, 1906, married at Turtle Creek, Pennsylvania, Edna May Bennett, who has proved a worthy assistant to him in his store. They have three children: Lillian Clare, Edwin Henry Lewis and Walter Alton. Mr. and Mrs. Bandy have many sincere friends in the district, and are generally well regarded. ROBERT EMERSON GORTON. Among the representative and successful men of the Mahoning Valley who have for a number of years been closely identified with the industrial history of the valley and prominent in the civic and social life of Warren is Robert E. Gorton. Mr. Gorton represents a very old New York family. He was born at Corning, New York, December 20, 1872, the son of George Pratt and Mary (McConnell) Gorton. Both his father and his grandfather, Rufus Gorton, were natives of Corning. Rufus was a surveyor as well as a pioneer farmer. The maternal grandfather of Robert Gorton was Henry McConnell, who was born in Ireland, while his daughter Mary was a native of Kingston, Ontario, Canada. After a period of residence in Canada he moved to Corning, New York, where he operated an extensive tannery for many years. George Pratt Gorton was a boy when the Civil war came on. Twice he tried to enlist in his home community, but as his age was well known he was prevented. He then ran away from home and succeeded in getting accepted in a New York regiment and served until mustered out as a non-commissioned officer. Some time after the war he became associated with his father-in-law, Henry McConnell, in the tannery business. From Corning he removed to Andover, New York, later went to West Spring Creek, Pennsylvania, and thence to Torpedo, Pennsylvania at each of which locations he was engaged in the tanning business. At Torpedo an extensive business was carried on both in tanning and in general merchandising. Here Mr. Gorton dissolved partner with Mr. McConnell and for several years continued the operation of the general store. When he sold that business he removed to Warren, where he is still living, retired. Robert E. Gorton acquired his primary education in the public schools. He prepared for college at Chamberlain Institute, Randolph, New York, he was graduated from Allegheny College, Meadville, Pennsylvania. While still a schoolboy he acquired considerable experience in clerking and bookkeep in his father's store, and after leaving college became associated in business with his father at Torpedo. At that place he made the acquaintance of the late Warren Packard, of Warren, who induced him to come to Warren and join the Packaard interests. Coming to Warren, young Gorton became bookkeeper for J. W. and W. D. Packard, who we at that time engaged in the manufacture of electric lamps and other electrical products. After a period of six months he was made general office manager, and still later put in part of his time as traveling salesman for the company. From the time the Packard Motor Car Company was organized and until the plant was removed to Detroit, Mr. Gorton was in charge of the purchasing the general offices, and was also assistant to Mr. J. W. Packard, the president. He then was made assistant manager of the Packard Lamp Division National Lamp Works of the General Electric Company, and since 1910 has been general manager of that industry, one of the largest in Warren. January 1, 1910, he became a stockholder, director and secretary of the Packard Electric Company of Warren, and in September, 1916, he and Newton A. Wolcott acquired this branch of the Packard interests. Mr. Gorton is also a director in the Guide Motor Lamp Manufacturing Company of Cleveland. Mr. Gorton's only brother, George B. Gorton, is an automobile dealer at Warren, while his only sister, Edith, is deceased. YOUNGSTOWN AND THE MAHONING VALLEY - 437 Mr. Gorton is affiliated with Old Erie Lodge No. 3, Free and Accepted Masons, Mahoning Chapter No. 66, Royal Arch Masons, Warren Commandery No. 39, Knights Templar, and Al Koran Temple of the Mystic Shrine at Cleveland. He served as exalted ruler of Warren Lodge No. 295, Benevolent Protective Order of Elks, in 1919-2o. Through his relations with the electrical industry he is a member of the Jovian Order. He is a member of the Old Colony Club, the United Commercial Travelers, the Ohio State and American Automobile Association and the Warren Automobile Club, and is affiliated with Delta Tau Delta fraternity of Allegheny College. Mr. Gorton married Bertha Ruby Schoppelrey, (laughter of William and Amelia Schoppelrey, of Warren. Mrs. Gorton has a more than local reputation as a finished musician, especially as a violinst. For two years she was a member of the faculty of the Dana Musical Institute at Warren. Mr. and Mrs. Gorton have had three children, Robert Emerson, Jr., Aubrey Miles, who died at the age of two years, and Gretchen Jane. Mr. Gorton resides at 322 Mahoning Avenue where he has nine acres of property on the banks of the Mahoning River, his home being among the conspicuous places on the avenue. WILLIAM C. WARD, vice president and general manager of the Peerless Electric Company of Warren, is one of the practical business men of this region, is a native of the Mahoning Valley, and has spent all of his life in it. He has been closely identified with the industrial and civic history of Warren for over thirty years, and is one of the most constructive workers the city has ever produced. The birth of William C. Ward t00k place at Warren, November 13, 1867, and he is a son of the late Columbus and Hannah ( Jaquays) Ward. Columbus Ward was born in Ashtabula County, Ohio, May 29, 1834, the son of William and Mary (Williams) Ward, both natives of New York State who settled in Ashtabula County, Ohio, in the early '20S. Columbus Ward spent his early life with his parents on the home farm and attended the public schools. He was for many years a traveling salesman for a Cleveland, Ohio, company, and in 1865 he located at Warren, of which he was later elected mayor, and he held that office for eight years. In 1888 he went to California and died in that state. His wife was a daughter of William and Lucy (Shepherd) Jaquays. William C. Ward was graduated from the Warren High School in 1885, and in that year entered newspaper work as "cub" reporter on the Warren Daily Chronicle. In 1887 he was made city editor of that journal, and so continued in the newspaper business for fifteen years. In 1889, while still city editor, be was elected mayor of Warren, and was re-elected in 19o1, but after serving only one year of his second term he resigned to go with the Peerless Electric Company, of which he was one of the incorporators in 1902, and of which he was made vice president. In 1910 he was elected treasurer, and in 1918 was made general manager, so that he is now vice president, treasurer and general manager of this important corporation. Mr. Ward is a member of the Warren Board of Trade and of the Trumbull Club. He is a past master of Old Erie Lodge No. 3, Free and Accepted Masons, belongs to the Warren Council, Ma-honing Chapter and Warren Commandery. He married Miss Edna A. Leet, a daughter of Sherman E. and Ida M. Leet. Mr. Leet has been connected with the Erie Railroad for many years as agent at Girard, Ohio, and is now at Warren. Mr., and Mrs. Ward have the following children : Alan C. Virginia May and Eugene C. C., Mr. Ward is a man who has always contributed freely to the civic undertakings of the community, and has been able to properly estimate the economic value of proposed improvements, so that both as a private citizen and public official, he was able to prevent extravagance with the people's money. In many ways he has laid his community under obliga tions to him, and he is very properly recognized as one of the most representative men and public-spirited citizens of the valley, in which his life has been spent. ERNEST CLARK BOORN, president of the E. C. Boom Company, has been a Warren business man for eighteen years, and has made this city the headquarter, of the largest sheet metal, roofing and heating concern in Warren. Mr. Boorn represents some old and substantial Ohio families, whose fortunes have been identified with the state for fully a century. He was born at the old Boorn homestead about two miles south of Middlefield Center in Geauga County, September 18. 1866. His paternal grandfather, Alfred Boorn, wa a native of Vermont, and early in the nineteenth century came to Ohio and settled in Burton Township of Geauga County. The maternal grandfather was Clark Town, a native of New York State and an early settler in Parkman Township of Geauga County, where at one time he was owner of extensive farm lands. The father of E. C. Boorn was born in Geauga Township in 1827, and later removed to Middlefield Township of that county, where he owned a farm and a mill. The wheels of that old mill were operated by him for about thirty years. He was a millwright by trade and built several mills in Geauga County. Late in life he retired and lived at Middlefield Center, where he died in 1910. His wife was Marcie Town, who was born on the old Town homestead in Parkman Township, Geauga County, in 1833. At the age of eighty-seven she is still living. She was the mother of four sons and five daughters, all of whom are still living today. The oldest, Ira, has spent his active life as a farmer, and in the hardware and tinsmith business and is now living retired at Middlefield; Alice is the wife of Charles Auxer, a resident of Garrettsville, Ohio; Walter, is a retired farmer at Middlefield Center ; Frank D. is a retired farmer living at Mesopotamia in Trumbull County ; Ida is the wife of N. M. Bartholmew, a retired farmer at Burton in Geauga County ; Ada, living with her daughter in Warren, is the widow of Edward Clark; Ernest C. is the seventh in age; Myrta, unmarried, lives at Middlefield Center ; and Flora, the youngest, is the wife of Oliver McCully, living at Delta, Colorado. Ernest C. Boorn spent an industrious boyhood on a farm, and his early education was supplied by the 438 - YOUNGSTOWN AND THE MAHONING VALLEY local public schools. He left the farm at eighteen to learn the hardware and tinsmith trade with his brother at Middlefield Center. At the conclusion of his apprenticeship he became a journeyman, and to perfect his knowledge of the business he traveled a great deal and gained a wide experience. For one year he worked at Ravenna, Ohio, and in 1889, on leaving that city, went to California, where he remained three years, and in various towns and cities. On returning to Ohio in 1892 he located at Garrettsville, was there about a year and a half, and then came to Warren and was employed at his trade in this city for about two years. He set up an independent business as a hardware merchant at Ashtabula Harbor under the name of Dudley & Boom. After six years he sold his interest to his partner and for a year was on the road as a traveling salesman. For a time he was also employed in the hardware and sheet metal business at Sharon, Pennsylvania, and in 19o2 located permanently at Warren, where he established a shop on West Market Street, with all the equipment for sheet metal, heating and roofing work. After selling that shop he bought his present place of business on Franklin Street. An expert in all the technical processes of his business, a capable business executive, Mr. Boom pushed his enterprise, taking contracts over a constantly enlarging territory, and in 1915 incorporated the business as the E. C. Boom Company, of which he is president, with F. M. Woodward secretary and general manager. Mr. Boorn's substantial business record is therefore that of a man who has remained consistently in one line of work for thirty-five years. Incidental to his main business in recent years he has been interested in real estate, buying, selling and building, and has contributed to the building program of Warren. The past six winters Mr. Boom has spent at St. Petersburg, Florida, where he built and at one time owned a half interest in a large apartment house and several other improved properties in that noted winter resort, which he later disposed of. August 20, 1902, the same year he came to Warren, Mr. Boom married Miss Clara Pettis, who was born at Rock Creek, Ashtabula County, Ohio, a daughter of Wellington and Emeline (Lattimer) Pettis, the former a native of Connecticut, and the latter of New York State. Her father was born in 1823 and died in 1906, at the age of eighty-three years. Mr. Boom is affiliated with Portage Lodge No. 29 of the Independent Order of Odd Fellows, is a trustee of the Tod Avenue Methodist Episcopal Church, and has been able to express his high degree of public spirit largely through membership in the Warren Board of Trade. Mrs. Boom is a member of the Daughters of Rebekah, and is on the board of directors of the Warren Young Women's Christian Association. BENJAMIN F. MORRIS is sheriff of Mahoning County. In a great industrial district like Youngstown and vicinity that office is easily one of the most important in local civil government, and the qualifications for its incumbent are exceedingly exacting. Mr. Morris has done his duty without fear or favor, and has won an enviable esteem by the prompt, vigilant and at the same time impartial manner in which he has handled his responsibilities and treated every prisoner in his charge. Mr. Morris was born at Hubbard, Ohio, August 21, 1872, and has spent all his life in the great industrial district of the Mahoning Valley. His parents, Benjamin and Margaret (Morris) Morris, were natives of Wales, but came to the United States when young people and were married in Ohio. They lived in the great coal mining district at Weathersfield and the father spent his active life as a miner. In his later years he was superintendent of mines for Evan Morris, H. K. Wick and for his cousin, David Morris. Benjamin Morris died about 1879, and was born in 1823. His widow is still living, in her ninety-third year. She is a Methodist, while he was a Baptist. They had a large family of fifteen children, and eight are still living: David, a mute, who serves as a special police officer in the Yellow Creek Park at Struthers; Emma, wife of J. C. Morris, former road commissioner of Ohio; John D., of Hubbard, Evan B., a city paving and sewer inspector in Youngstown ; William T., connected with the Erie Railway ; Mrs. Terrance Feine, of 660 Joseph Street, Youngstown, she and her husband both being mutes, and for many years her mother has made her home with them; Mrs. W. F. Rowe, wife of a farmer living at South Corners in Center Township. Benjamin F. Morris was educated in the pubic and Union schools of Poland, Canfield and Greenford. At the age of sixteen he became a blacksmith’s helper in the carriage works at Youngstown, and was connected steadily with that industry for a period of sixteen years. He left his trade to become truant officer, and two years later was appointed probation officer by Judge Griffith. His record of eleven years as probation officer was one of the chief qualifications for his present duties as sheriff of Mahoning County. In 1898 he married Miss Emma A. Rudolph, daughter of Charles Rudolph, of 118 Edwards Street, Youngstown. They have five children, Vera E., Vernon B., Donald C., Earle B. and Florence E. Mrs. Morris is a member of the English Lutheran Church, while Mr. Morris is a Methodist in sympathy, and both in his private and official life has rigidly adhered to the practice of the Golden Rule. He is affiliated with the Junior Order of United American Mechanics and the Knights of Pythias, is a member of the Youngstown Chamber of Commerce, and belongs to the Eastern Ohio Fish and Game Protection League. FRANK ELLIOTT, who first came into the Mahoning Valley as local representative of the Wells-Fargo Express Company, subsequently branched out into real estate operations and within the last twelve years has played a prominent and useful part in the remarkable development and expansion of Warren. Mr. Elliott was born at London, England, January 10, 1873. In 1875, when he was eighteen month old he was brought to this country by his parent, William H. and Sophia (Coales) Elliott, who established their home at Newport, Kentucky. Frank Elliott was reared and educated at Newport, and the early YOUNGSTOWN AND THE MAHONING VALLEY - 439 chapters of his life history were written there. In the fall of 1897 he crossed the continent to San Francisco, where he entered the cashier's department of the general offices of the Wells-Fargo Express Company at San Francisco. Four years later, in tool, he was promoted to cashier of the company's office at Youngstown, Ohio, and has therefore been a resident of the Mahoning Valley for twenty years. The company sent him to Warren as local agent in 1904. He resigned that office in 1937, and did his first work in real estate as a commission broker in that year. With growing experience, capital and other facilities he has broadened his operations until for several years past he has confined his business to buying and building on a large scale, using entirely capita under his direct control. One of his business undertakings that did much toward solving the pressing housing problem in Warren was the developing of an allotment of seven acres as a home building site. Mr. Elliott is a member of the Warren Real Estate Board, is treasurer of the Warren Public Library, and a member of the Warren Automobile Club, the Masonic Club, the Westminster Club, Christ Episcopal Church, and is affiliated with Old Erie Lodge No. 3, Free and Accepted Masons, and the Scottish Rite Consistory at Dayton. Mr. Elliott married Ethel Perry Home, daughter of Capt. Joseph N. and Julia (Hayman) Horne, of Columbus, Ohio. Her maternal grandfather, Robert D. Hayman, was one of the prominent citizens of Newport, Kentucky. Mr. and Mrs. Elliott have two daughters, Julia Hope and Virginia Lee Elliott. MAURICE CHANCEY CLAY, nurseryman, floriculturist and farmer of Green Township, Mahoning County, is a descendant of Valentine Clay, who, with Henry Baird, settled in Green Township in 1802, formerly having lived in Pennsylvania. Since that time the Clay family has been one of the representative families of that section of Mahoning County. Maurice Chancey Clay was born in Green Township pn May 5, 1863, the son of Solomon and Catherine (Gilbert) Clay, and he has lived his whole life in the township, his farm and greenhouses being situated about two miles to the westward of Greenford. Henry Baird, before mentioned, settled in the northern section of Green Township in 1802. He had four daughters, and he came from Pennsylvania with four young men, among them Valentine Clay. These four assisted Henry Baird in the clearing of the tract of land he had acquired, and each eventually married one of his daughters. The four young men were Valentine Clay, Nicholas Knauff, John Goodman and John Kenreich. Valentine Clay, with his wife, settled on the Dutch Ridge Brook, having bought a good tract of land in that part of the township, and there they lived during the remainder of their lives. He and his wife both died before the outbreak of the Civil war. The following is on record regarding their children : Their son John died a bachelor ; Henry also died unmarried; Daniel lived throughout his life on the parental farm, and married, the farm eventually being inherited by his son John, who is still alive and still living on the Clay homestead won by his grandfather from the wilderness ; Solomon, father of Maurice C., regarding whom more is written later herein. Then there was a sister, Katie, and another sister who married a man named Toot, her married life being spent in Missouri. Solomon Clay was twice married. His first wife bore him five children : Henry, who eventually was a successful farmer in Canfield Township; Peter, who died at North Jackson ; John, who passed the greater part of his life in Green Township, operating a farm near that of his father ; Josiah, who died in middle life ; and Matilda, now deceased, who married Jacob Toot. In 1846 or 1847 Solomon Clay married Catherine Gilbert, who bore him six children, who in order of birth and by name were: Allen, who died at the age of twenty-two years ; Rosa, who died in childhood; Frank, who lives in Greenford, Green Township; Moses, who lives in Green Township; Charles, who lives in Greenford; and Maurice Chancey, of whom more follows. Solomon died on the old homestead when sixty-six years old, and his second wife, Catherine Gilbert, who survived him for many years, died in the village of Greenford, Green Township, in the early nineties. Solomon Clay was much respected in the neighborhood; was a man of upright life and generous spirit; and for very many years was a member of the Lutheran Dutch Ridge Church. Politically he was a democrat, although he had no inclination for political life, and never sought political or public office. Maurice Chancey, son of Solomon and Catherine (Gilbert) Clay, was born on May 5, 1863. In his youth he attended the township schools, and when he grew to manhood, or rather prior to attaining majority, he entered into responsible and independent business. He was only nineteen years old when he ventured into the business of florist and nurseryman in Green Township, building a greenhouse on his property and enterprisingly planning to cater to a wide trade. Throughout the years he has specialized in potted plants, and has a good business connection over a radius of fifty miles from his greenhouses. As an exhibitor he is widely known in the state, and has had notable success at local and state fairs. He has been awarded seven first prizes at the Ohio State Fair for exhibits of plants, including fine collections of ferns and palms. He is known as an expert in the cultivation of ornamental plants, and has developed quite a substantial business. Mr. Clay also operates a good-sized farm, having a dairy and a valuable herd of thorough-bred Jersey cattle. He has lived a busy life, but he has nevertheless been able to enter into the public affairs of his home township, where he is highly regarded. He has been a member of the school board, and was a justice of the peace for some years. Politically he has given steady and helpful allegiance to the republican party. Fraternally he has been prominent in the functioning of units of many orders. He is a member of the Foresters and Odd Fellows orders, as well as the Rebekahs and the Knights of Pythias. Of the local lodge of that fraternal organization he has been treasurer for twenty-six years. He is also a member of Perry Lodge, Free and Accepted Masons, Salem, Ohio, and he belongs to the local Grange. He has an interesting hobby, the collection 440 - YOUNGSTOWN AND THE MAHONING VALLEY of coins and Indian relics, and his collection is quite valuable. Mr. Clay took on manly responsibilities quite young in life, and he was only twenty years old when he married Millie Holloway, daughter of Isaac G. and Mary (Lodge) Holloway, who had lived in Green Township since 1840, and who in 1850 moved to the farm upon which the Clay family now lives. Isaac G. Holloway died in 1905, at the venerable age of ninety years and as Mrs. Clay was their only surviving child she inherited the family property. She has lived the whole of her life on the farm and has many life-long friends in the township. Mr. and Mrs. Clay have one son, Carl. Carl Clay, son of Maurice Chancey and Millie (Holloway) Clay, was born on the farm in Green Township on February 1, 1889, and when he grew to manhood associated with his father in the nursery business and in general farming. In 1911 he married Nora Rupright, of New Buffalo, whose father, Freeman Rupright, is an enthusiastic collector of Indian relics. To them have been born two children, Ethel Mary and Cecil Chancey. Carl Clay is an enterprising, progressive man of business, self-reliant and capable. He is a member of the school board, and belongs to the Masonic and Knights of Pythias fraternal orders. He is the keeper of records and seals of the local body of the last-named order. He has been particularly active in the functioning of the local Grange. WILLIAM L. SAUSE. While well known officially as commissioner of street railways at Youngstown, Mr. Sause has also been actively connected with the community as a leading real estate operator, and formerly was an expert engineer and designer with several large industrial plants. Mr. Sause was born in Trumbull County, Ohio, June I, 1883, son of John and Bridget (Dunn) Sause. His father, who in early life was a coal miner and spent many years with the Andrews Brothers plant, died in Youngstown in 1915, at the age of fifty-eight. He was a member of the Sacred Heart Church at Haselton. In the family were eight children, three sons and five daughters: Nellie, wife of Charles Jenkins, of Youngstown; Anna, wife of Michael McMahan ; Katherine, wife of Wallace O'Rourke, of Youngstown; Elizabeth and Irene, both living with their mother ; William L.; Michael, a structural engineer with the Republic Iron and Steel Company ; and James, in the real estate business in the Dollar Bank Building. William L. Sause with his brothers and sisters attended school at Flint Hill, and later he was a student in the Rayen High School at Youngstown and the Nighswander Business School. He studied bookkeeping and shorthand, and subsequently pursued a course in bridge and structural designing with Mr. Brunnier at Pittsburgh. For several years he was an employe of the American Bridge Company, and subsequently went to Toronto, Canada, as chief draftsman in charge of work for the Toronto Foundry Company. He also spent four years in the drafting rooms of the Brown Hoisting Machine Company. Mr. Sause finally returned to Youngstown to spend his vacation, and the vacation was lengthened into a permanent residence and a complete change of business. He was a well qualified draftsman and an expert in bridge and other industrial lines, and though a hard worker he had up to the time accumulated very little money. While in Youngstown he saw an opportunity to secure a piece of real estate. He handled it at a good profit, and for the past five years has been extensively engaged in real estate brokerage and buying and selling. He handled property near the Republic mill on the east side, also the Market Street section and the west end of the city, and has evinced a special talent for this line of work. His latest purchase was the Baldwin mill and ground, long a landmark, in the Youngstown industrial section. In 1906 Mr. Sause married Miss Jane G. Flannery, daughter of Michael and Mary Flannery. Their children are Wallace, Julian, Mary Ritz, Martha and Winifred. Mr. Sause and wife are members of St. Edward's Catholic Church. He is affiliated with the Knights of Columbus and and Elks the Youngstown Club, and is a democrat in politics. WILLIS LLOYD BEARDSLEY, a successful and representative farmer of Mahoning County, Ohio, owner of the Chestnut Ridge Farm which is situated, in Ellsworth Township, somewhat more than two miles to the westward of Ellsworth Village, comes of a family widely known in that section, and which has had connection with the Mahoning Valley since the 1early days of its settlement. Willis Lloyd Beardsley was born within sight of his present home, in fact on the opposite side of the road, on January 16, 1855, the son of Henry Curtis and Elizabeth (Smith) Beardsley. The early American ancestry of the Beardsley family traces back to colonial days in Connecticut. Philo and Esther (Curtis) Beardsley lived in that state, and they were the great-grandparents of Willis Lloyd Beardsl Ellsworth through their son Almus. The eight children of Philo and Esther (Curtis) Bearsley were : Birdsey, who was born in 1785; Anna, born in 1787; Josiah, born in 1789, and later of Ohio residence, at first in Poland Township, Mahoning County, and later of Atwater, Ohio; Sarah, who was born in 1791; Philo, who was born in 1794, who married Lois S. Gun in Connecticut and came into Ohio, and his son is Almus Beardsley retired farmer of Canfield Township, Mahoning County ; Curtis, who was born in 1797, and died in Canfield Township, Mahoning County ; Almus, who was born on April 11, 1799, and became the grandfather of Willis Lloyd Beardsley, of Ellsworth Township, Mahoning County, through his son Henry C.; and Agur, who was born in 1801. Almus Beardsley, born in 1799, in Connecticut died on July 23, 1873, in Ohio. He married on November 20, 1820, Amanda (Cogswill), who was born on August 15, 1796, and died on August 23, 1869. About ten years after they had married Almus Beardsley and his wife with their children came to Ohio and settled on the property upon which Willis, their grandson, was eventually born, in Ellsworth Township, Mahoning County. The farm was one of YOUNGSTOWN AND THE MAHONING VALLEY - 441 200 acres, and there he and his wife lived until their death. Their children were: Homer, who was born in Connecticut, married Janette Chapin, and removed to Wisconsin. He served as a soldier during the Civil war, and left no descendants. Henry Curtis became the father of Willis L., regarding whose life more follows. Esther married Waldo Brown, who was in federal civil service and stationed at Washington, D. C., where she died. Birdsey married Susan Coult, and also later settled in Wisconsin. Josiah married Emily Bingham in 1864. He was an educator in his early manhood, and at one time taught in the Ellsworth Academy, later undertaking educational work in the southern states under Freedman's Bureau. Many of the older residents of Ellsworth Township recall the association of Josiah Beardsley with the Academy. Eventually he entered the ministry of the Congregational Church, and for many years was in ministerial charges in Wisconsin, ultimately in Ripon, Wisconsin, where he died, Fanny Maria married Lloyd Allen, of Ellsworth Township, to whom further reference is contained elsewhere in this work. Amanda Ann died in Washington, D. C., a spinster. She was more than sixty years old in the year of her death, and had for many years lived with her sister in Washington D. C., maintaining herself by a government clerkship. Curtis Beardsley, son of Almus and Amanda (Cogswill) Beardsley, was born in Connecticut on December 2, 1823. He was only eight years old, however, when his parents came into Ohio, and from that year he lived his whole life in Ellsworth Township, Mahoning County, living in the dwelling built by his father, which house still stands in good condition. Henry Curtis farmed industriously and skillfully for the greater part of his life, taking the parental farm in Ellsworth Township and adding somewhat to it. Latterly he had altogether about 270 acres. He had good success in sheep raising. He bred Merino sheep, and for many years was a well-known and successful exhibitor of that breed of sheep at the county fair, of which he was a director. He closely interested himself in all that pertained to agriculture in his section, and was generally respected. Politically he was a republican, does not appear to have very actively par- ticipated in political affairs. He attended the Presbyterian Church at Ellsworth for many years. His marriage occurred on November 25, 1851, and he died January 17, 1905. His wife was Elizabeth Smith, of Ellsworth Township, who was born on April 18, 1829, and died in March, 19o5. Their children were: Laura Evelyn, who was born in 1853, and died in 1913, married Samuel Shaffer in 1894, and he is still a resident of Goshen Township, Mahoning County; Willis Lloyd, of whom more follows; Ora Annette, who was born in 1857, married Colbert Fitch in 1881, and died in 1885, and her husband was killed by lightning; Lucy Maria, who was born in 186o, married Walter L. Vincent in 1886, and now lives at Salem, Ohio; Edith Adelia, who was born in l 1865, married Lawrence Wagner in 1889, and now lives in Youngstown; Arthur Cogswill, born in 1871 and died in 1919, married in 1894 Almira Heintzelman, who died at Canton, Ohio. Willis Lloyd Beardsley, second child of Henry Curtis and Elizabeth (Smith) Beardsley, was born in Ellsworth Township sixty-five years ago, and has lived in it practically ever since. His life-work has been agriculture. In his boyhood he was given adequate schooling, and thereafter assisted his father in the operation of the ancestral estate during the life of his father, at whose death .he inherited a portion of the farm of his grandfather. He owns about too acres of his father's farm, and in early manhood farmed a much larger acreage. He associated with his father interestedly in the raising and exhibiting of Merino sheep, but latterly his farming has been mainly of dairying character. He maintains a large herd of good Jersey cows, about twenty-five head, and latterly has been ably assisted by his son Earl. He has not followed politics with particular keenness, otherwise in all probability he might have had office in the local administration, for he is generally well regarded in the township. He is identified with the Grange and the Farm Bureau, in both of which agricultural organizations he takes an active interest. Religiously he is a member of the Presbyterian Church. On March 19, 1889, he married Malinda Hoyle, daughter of George and Susan (Felnogle) Hoyle, of Berlin Township, Mahoning County. Mrs. Beardsley was born on June 22, 1861, and died April 19, 1909. To them were born two children: Earl, who was born on January 31, 1892, married Sarah Prather. They have two children, Cecil and Julia. Earl now manages his father's farm, and is also in local civic office, being township clerk. Ruth Hazel has remained with her father and since the death of her mother has taken over the direction of household duties in the parental home. She was married to Warren Manchester May 4, 1920. Mrs. Manchester has taken good part in social and church activities in the community. CHARLES J. ROLLER. As noted here and elsewhere, the Roller family has been established in Green Township of Mahoning County since the first years of the nineteenth century. There have been able men and home making and home loving women in every one of the four or five generations who have lived here. A distinction of particular interest attaching to Charles J. Roller of Greenford and his father, the late Samuel W. Roller, is due to their pioneer and successful efforts in horticulture. Samuel W. Roller probably planted, against the advice and in spite of the ridicule of his neighbors, the first commercial apple orchard in this part of the Mahoning Valley, and persisting against trials and discouragements he lived to see his plans and his faith justified, and the work he instituted has been carried on by his son Charles J. Roller, who has made a name for himself in horticultural circles. It is said that the Roller family originated in the kingdom of Wuertemberg, Germany, where, as showing they were people of the higher class, they enjoyed the possession of a coat of arms. From that region John Roller immigrated to the American colonies in 1740 and established a home in the Sinking Valley of Pennsylvania, near Alexandria. Some of his descendants are still in that section of Penn- 442 - YOUNGSTOWN AND THE MAHONING VALLEY sylvania. He had seven sons who fought as soldiers in some phases of the Revolutionary war. One of them, Jacob, was killed by the Indians on his farm after peace had been declared between the Colonies and Great Britain, though the Indians were still at large. One of these sons of the original settler was John, who with three brothers after the Revolution moved to the Tennessee country. They did not like the institution of slavery, and John and one of his brothers leaving Tennessee came to Eastern Ohio in 1802 and thus began the family history in Green Township. John Roller settled a mile and a half northeast of the old Washingtonville community. Washingtonville at one time was an important trade center, situated on the line between Columbiana and Mahoning Counties. John Roller lived there until his death in 1819, and was buried at Washingtonville. His son Isaac Roller was the first white child born in Green Township. This Isaac became a tanner and lived to old age and died at Limaville. Another son of John was Michael Roller, who on May 1, 1827, established his home on land now included in the fruit farm of his grandson, Charles J. Roller. He lived out his life there, dying about 1860, at the age of sixty, and was buried at Greenford. His wife was Isabelle Calvin, who lived to the age of eighty. An attractive landmark in that section, and the home of Charles J. Roller, is a brick house that was built by Michael in 1836. Michael had a great deal of skill as a mason, and the brick for this house he burned on his own land and laid up the walls so true that they have stood eighty-four years. He also built the present barn on the farm about 1852. The old house is still in an excellent state of preservation. Michael worked at his trade in Salem, seven miles away, and some of the houses he built are still standing there. The children of Michael Roller were two, Samuel W. and Rebecca. The latter became the wife of Richard Templin, and lived three-quarters of a mile west of Greenford, where Rebecca died when past eighty years of age and where her daughter Belle, Mrs. Edward Calvin, now lives. Samuel W. Roller was born April 30, 1826, and was about a year old when his parents moved to the farm just described. He also owned another tract of 176 acres, part of which is now the home of his son Ernest. Samuel W. Roller for many years pursued general farming and stock raising. He made his first venture as a commercial horticulturist when he blocked out about twenty acres in 1888 and set it to apple trees, selecting three or four staple varieties. He kept adding to his orchard until he had thirty acres bearing fruit, comprising the largest individual orchard in the county. This immediate section of Green Township is the most important fruit growing part of the Mahoning Valley. Conditions seem admirable for that purpose, soil, elevation, drainage and other factors measuring well up to the standards set by horticulturists. The land lies about 1,200 feet above sea level, and a crop of apples is almost certain. Samuel W. Roller died March 3o, 1902. He was a republican in politics, and served a number of terms as trustee of Green Township. He married Sarah E. Hole, who died at Greenford April 28, 1909. She was the mother of nine children, and those to reach mature years were: Elvira J., deceased wife of Oliver S. Walter, Melissa, living at Salem, Ohio, widow of Dr. J. H. Calvin; Arthur C., a fruit grower near Columbiana; Anna L., Mrs. J. D. Cook, of Salem; Ida I., who died unmarried; Charles J.; and Ernest I., who is also in the fruit growing business. Charles. J. Roller was born at the old homestead August 3, 1867, and acquired an education in his local district school. He learned farming and fruit growing under his father, and has found horticulture worthy of his farm, and best enthusiasm and efforts. His orchard is still the principal asset of his farm, and while he grows some other fruit crops his reliable profits are made from apples. The normal production of his orchard is about 6,000 bushels, and one season he sold fifteen carloads. He has a well equipped storage house for holding and seasoning the crop. He is a member of the County and State Horticultural Societies, also a member of the Grange and Farm Bureau, and is well qualified for leadership in agricultural affairs. He is affiliated with the Masonic Lodge at Leetonia, and belongs to the Chapter, Council and Knight Templar Commandery at Salem. He is also a member of the Knights of Pythias at Greenford. He is a republican in politics, and has served as township trustee and in 1900 work the census in his township. August 26, 1903, Mr. Roller married Irene Porter, a native of Canfield Township. Her father, Almedus Porter, is still living at Canfield, is a contractor, and as a carpenter and builder has put in over sixty years at his trade. Almedus Porter married Caroline Buflinger, who died in February, 1904. Mrs. Roller spent four years in the old Northeastern Ohio Normal College at Canfield under Professor Helman. She is a member of the Grange, belongs to the Eastern Star at Salem, and was active in Red Cross and other local patriotic movements during the war. The only child born to Mr. and Mrs. Roller died in infancy. HUGH ALEXANDER LOVE. For more than a tury and a century and a decade the good character and industrious citizenship of the Love family have been identified with Trumbull County, chiefly with Hubbard Township. One of the oldest surviving members of this pioneer family is Hugh Alexander Love, who for five years past has lived in Liberty Township, four miles north of the courthouse at Youngstown, on the Logan Avenue Road. Mr. Love was born at Coalburg, then called Clarksburg, in Hubbard Township June 3, 1841, a son of Hugh and Jane (Campbell) Love. His great-grandfather came from Ireland and settled in Maryland. The grandfather, Robert Love, was born in Maryland and in 1807 brought his family to Hubbard Township. A few years later he served as a soldier in the War of 1812, but otherwise spent the rest of this career in Hubbard. He owned over 200 acres east of Coalburg and lived to the age of seventy-six, dying when his grandson, Hugh A., was twelve years of age. Hugh Love, son of Robert, was born in Westmoreland County, Pennsylvania and was four years of age when brought to Trumbull County. He acquired the old homestead, also YOUNGSTOWN AND THE MAHONING VALLEY - 443 operated a waterpower sawmill on the farm, did coal mining, opening a coal bank before Coalburg became prominent as the center of that industry. One of the earliest memories of Hugh Alexander Love is operating a steam pump at his father's coal plant when only nine years of age. The coal produced from the Love properties paid handsome royalties for many years. Hugh Love was also a stock buyer and a leading farmer. About 1867 he removed to Warren, where he lived retired until his death thirteen years later, at the age of seventy-six. His wife, Jane Campbell Love, died on her seventieth birthday. They were very devout Presbyterians and he was an original member of the church at Hubbard. Of their children Hugh Alexander is the fourth in order of birth: Rebecca married William Bell and lived in Mercer County, Pennsylvania, where she died at the age of seventy-six. Mary Jane became the wife of John Kreitzley, lived at Warren and died in middle life. Beulah married Calvin Dawson and died at her home near Cleveland. Margaret, widow of George Stone and living at Monrovia, California, is noted as an author, being a contributor to magazines and other publications. Buell was a well known Presbyterian minister, preached at Bedford, Pennsylvania, also in his old home community at Hubbard, and his last charge was at Nashville, Illinois, but he died at Antwerp in Paulding County, Ohio, in September, 1919, and was buried at Wooster. Hugh Alexander Love, after reaching his majority, acquired part of the old homestead at Coalburg, but in 1871 removed to Howland Township, near Warren, and continued to be actively identified with agriculture for about forty years. He made a practice of buying and developing lands and improved several handsome properties in the county. He had the progressive spirit of the modern farmer forty and fifty years ago. He practiced tile drainage and again and again proved the value of. the investment. Even when in debt he would put in as high as two thousand tile a year Fertilizing the soil was also his constant care, and he used his wagons to haul surplus manures from town to his land. For many years the crops grown on the Love farm were the hest in the vicinity. After retiring from the farm he moved to Warren, where he lived five years. His first wife died there, and since his second marriage five years ago he has been at his present home north of Youngstown. Mr. Love is a veteran of the Civil war, a member of the One Hundred and Seventy-First Ohio Infantry. He took part in Morgan's second raid in Kentucky and was captured by Morgan, but was released on parole after twenty-three hours. His last service was guard duty on Johnson's Island. He has never been fond of official care, though he served as trustee of Howland Township, and has been a straight republican voter. At the age of twenty-three Mr. Love married Martha E. Booth, of Vienna Township. She was the wife of his youth and matured life and died at Warren forty-six years after their marriage. One of their children died in infancy, Mary Jane died at the age of twenty-three, William is a resident of Warren, Calvin died at the age of fifteen, Charles A. died at the age of thirty-seven, Blanche is the wife of D. G. Eddy, of Albion, Erie County, Pennsylvania. February 17, 1915, Mr. Love married Elizabeth Jane McCleery. Her cousin, Jane Elizabeth Fox, makes her home with Mr. and Mrs. Love. Miss Fox is a granddaughter of Hugh Campbell, whose farm adjoined the old McCleery place. For forty years Mr. Love was a member of the Presbyterian Church at Warren but is now identified with the Cedar Corners United Presbyterian Church. Mrs. Love's parents and grandparents helped organize this church and her grandfather donated the land for the church and cemetery. The present edifice was erected in 183o. Mr. Love is a member of the Grand Army of the Republic at Warren. MCCLEERY FAMILY. Elizabeth Jane McCleery, who became the wife of Hugh Alexander Love on February 17, 1915, is the only survivor of a family of twelve children. She was born and reared on the farm where she and Mr. Love now reside. This land was settled in 1802 by her great-grandfather Alexander McCleery. He had a son, Alexander, and his adopted son, Alexander (Campbell) McCleery, lived on the same farm. Alexander McCleery died in 1846 and Alexander (Campbell) McCleery died in 1851. Mrs. Love's brothers were: Alexander and Allen, both of whom died in 1856; Samuel, Abner and James, who shared in the partition of the old homestead ; and Beverence who died in 186o. Abner removed to Lordstown and died at Niles in 1916, while Samuel and James were old bachelors and lived at the homestead, James dying in 1899 and Samuel in 1916. Elizabeth Jane had remained with her brothers. Her mother, Margaret Leslie, died in 1875. Mrs. Love built the present house on the old McCleery farm in 1910 and about the same time sold a part of the property. Abner McCleery left two sons, John and Clarence, the former of Youngstown and the latter of Howland Township, and these are the only ones to carry on the McCleery name in this section of Ohio. Mrs. Love's sister Eleanor married Alexander L. Stewart of Vienna Township, but she died about the same time as her father. Five members of the McCleery family were taken away in one month. LYMAN SCHNURRENBERGER, a retired and well-to-do farmer of Mahoning County now living in Washingtonville, which town is on the county line between Mahoning and Columbiana counties and about eighteen miles to the southward of Youngstown, has lived all his life in the neighborhood, and is much respected by many people in that section of the county. He was born in Greenford, Green Township, now of Mahoning County but then of Columbiana County, Ohio, on January 7, 1838, the son of Conrad and Elizabeth (Baker) Schnurrenberger. The family is of German origin, and Conrad Schnurrenberger was born in Stuttgart, Wurtemberg, Germany. He was eighteen years old when he came in 1803 with his parents to the United States. Soon afterward he 444 - YOUNGSTOWN AND THE MAHONING VALLEY settled in Green ford, Columbiana County, and there married Elizabeth Baker, who was born in Jessamine County, Kentucky. In her girlhood her parents, Lewis and Elizabeth (Zimmerman) Baker, came to Greenford, Green Township, Columbiana County, which from that time became her home. Her brother was Capt. Joseph Zimmerman, grandfather of Hon. John L. Zimmerman, of Springfield, Ohio. Conrad Schnurrenberger's parents, John and Barbara (Haller) Schnurrenberger, settled to the eastward of the Eureka schoolhouse in Columbiana County in Green Township, now Beaver Township, Mahoning County. There he cleared a farm and lived on it for the remainder of his life, which was a long one, his death not coming until he was eighty-four years old. He was buried on his farm, which has descended to his great-grandson, Carl Schnurrenberger, son of Frank. John Schnurrenberger died on the farm at the age of eighty years, and his son Frank died when sixty, the farm then passing to Carl. The sisters of Conrad were : Barbara, who married Christian Rinkenberger, a neighboring farmer ; Hannah, who married George Trucksess, and died near Columbiana; and Catherine, who became Mrs. Behringer, and died in Marion County, Ohio. Conrad Schnurrenberger settled at Greenford Station, and there he and his wife spent their lives. The land he took was of course in the wild state, and their married life began in the customary log cabin of the pioneer settler. In that log cabin Lyman was born. Conrad Schnurrenberger was a good, conscientious Christian, and for many years was a member of the nearest church of the Disciples of Christ. He died on April 12, 1885, having outlived his wife by ten years, her death having occurred in August, 1875. Conrad and Elizabeth (Baker) Schnurrenberger had seven children : Mary Barbara died in the old home in 1917, at the venerable age of eighty-four years. She never married. John married Eliza Jane Zimmerman, and died on the ancestral farm when fifty-six years old. He was a carpenter and cabinet maker in the early part of his life. One of his sons is. Dr. Joseph Henry Schnurrenberger, a well-known and respected physician of Austintown Township, Mahoning County, and another son, Louis, lives in Ravanna, Ohio; John for twenty-five years was a partner with his brothers Joseph C. and Lyman, and he died on the old homestead. Lyman is mentioned in succeeding paragraphs. Solomon Baker in early manhood was a farmer in Green Township, but died when only thirty-two years old. He is survived by one son, Elmer. Joseph C. became the owner of the parental farm, although for twenty-five years he was in partnership with his brothers Lyman C. and John in its operation. He was always interested in political matters, being elected to the office of county treasurer, and was re-elected and filled the office with honor and credit to himself. He died in 1914, having spent practically all his life on the farm, a period of seventy-one years, he having been born in 1843. His wife was Sarah Stauffer, a sister of Lyman's wife. Five children survive, Grover P., Royal, Mrs. Paul Messerly, Mrs. Homer Miller and Mrs. Joe Cessna. Elizabeth Ann lives in Springfield, Missouri, and is the widow of Charles Price. Ellen died in childhood. Lyman, third child of Conrad and Elizabeth (Baker) Schnurrenberger, was born in 1838, and so is now in his eighty-third year. When he came to manhood he settled on another farm, about 1 ½ miles north of Washingtonville, which farm he still owns, but all the farming operations of the three brothers were in partnership for twenty-five years. They were breeders of Shorthorn cattle, and until the partnership ended in 1895 the operations of the brothers were extensive. Afterward Lyman continued to breed Shorthorn cattle. He definitely retired from the farm in 1916, his long and active life having been invariably successful. His son Ira is now mainly responsible for the continuance of the farm, and he is a successful breeder of Holstein cattle. Lyman Schnurrenberger has always been much interested in all public movements pertaining td agriculture. He has served on the board of the County Fair, and is widely known among agriculturists in Mahoning County. Politically he has been a repub lican of unfailing allegiance since the time of Lincoln notwithstanding that the Schnurrenberger family in general has been strongly democratic in politics. Lyman voted for Lincoln, and has voted in every presidential election since that time. His farm which is well improved, has new buildings, and is considered to be one of the good farms of the county. He is a man of strong character and consistent life. For many years he has been a member of the Christian Church, of which he is an elder and in his life has given evidence that he has followed the recommendations of his church. On December 31, 1868, he married Mary Stauffer, daughter of Christian and Mary (Dellenbaugh) Stauffer, and to them were born three children, all of whom have had the benefit of attending college, Martha married Charles A. Pow, and further reference to her will be found elsewhere in this work. Ira A., who in early manhood attended Hiram College and graduated from Angola College with degree of B. S., was a school teacher, but eventually took over the operation of his father's farm. He is one of the leading and progressive farmers of that part of the county, and is also an influential republican in his community. He married Mayme Moore, who was prior to her marriage a school, teacher in the Lisbon, Ohio schools. She is a sister of Judge J. G. Moore, of Lisbon. They have two children, Marion and Jean; Effie, who attended the Northeasrern Ohio Normal College at Canfield and has a pleasing personality, married John Gilbert, who died July 31, 1920. He had always been active in politics and at the time of his death was filling the third term on the Mahoning County Election Board. He was also very successful in his hardware business at Washingtonville. CHARLES POW, a respected and prosperous farmer of Green Township, Mahoning County, Ohio, comes of one of the old families of the Mahoning Valley and now lives on the farm originally developed by his grandfather, George Pow, who in his day was perhaps the leading man of the township. YOUNGSTOWN AND THE MAHONING VALLEY - 445 Charles Pow was born near Salem, Columbiana County, Ohio, on May 12, 1869, the son of John and Lydia (Barnes) Pow, and grandson of George and Mary (Teeters) Pow. The family is of English origin, but five generations have now had residence America, and the family has been in the Mahoning Valley since 1821. Robert Pow, great-grandfather of Charles, brought most of his children to the United States from England in 1820, landing in Baltimore. One of his sons, Robert, remained in England, and of him further information is given later herein. In 1821 Robert Pow, with his sons, George and Alexander, and his daughter Barbara, came into Ohio and settled in Canfield Township, about two miles southwest of the Village of Canfield. His farm is still in the possession of one of his descendants, the widow of George Frederick, whose mother was of the Pow family. Robert Pow lived in Canfield until old age, and was buried there. George Pow, his son, was born in North Shields, England, and received part, if not the whole, of his education in schools of that country prior to the emigration of the family. The Ohio record shows that he was a man of superior education and strong purpose, a devout Christian, and a man of much influence in his community. He was an enthusiastic student of the Scriptures, and as a lad did much of his studies in the field. As he grew into manhood he manifested an unusual moral strength and knowledge of human nature and perplexities, and eexercised much influence for good over his fellows and the people of the community in general. His breadth of understanding, his persuasiveness, and the sincerity of his interest in his neighbors enabled him to act as peacemaker upon many occasions and to settle many feuds. In 1831 his strong religious conviction brought him into the Church of the Disciples of Christ, and for that denomination he preached in local pulpits for forty years, never once accepting pay for his services. He made his living by farming, industriously and successfully tilling the soil in his vigorous manhood, and undertaking ministerial responsibilities in addition. He owned a large acreage, his original farm being of 197 acres, but in course of time he owned several hundred acres. In later life he became a wealthy man, inheriting a portion of the fortune left by his brother Robert, who had remained in England. It was then that he showed the trueness of his character. His acquisi- tion of much monetary wealth made no difference in is life, save that it enhanced his power to do good nd to spread the gospel of Christ. He was a succssful evangelist, and it is stated of him that he made it a practice to give to the church from his private means as much as would be donated by the whole of his congregation, and in very many other ways his wealth was put to useful Christian purposes. He was so highly regarded in his part of the county that he was elected to the Ohio State Legislature. He was a delegate to the first republican convention held at Pittsburgh and which nominated Capt. John C. Fremont for President of the United States. He died on March 16, 1871. He was twice married. His first wife was Mary Teeters, who was reared on an adjoining farm. His second wife was Margaret Templin, and she survived him Vol. III-4 for about twenty years. The children born to the first marriage were : John, father of Charles; George Campbell, who died when eighteen years old; Robert, who died in childhood; and Rebecca, who married William Miller, and lived at North Benton, but died in early womanhood. There was only one child born to the second marriage, a son, Lewis T., who died in Salem. John Pow, son of George and Mary (Teeters) Pow, was born on the farm his son Charles now owns in Green Township, Mahoning County, on September 15, 1835. He was educated in local schools, having taught school for several years and later followed farming for the whole of his life. And in connection with agriculture he became prominent throughout the state. He had a farm of 252 acres, situated about a mile northeast of Salem, and he was one of the leading growers of Merino sheep, having the distinction of having grown the fleece that took the AA grade at the Ohio State Exposition in 1887. He died on September 15, 191o, on the seventy-fifth anniversary of his birthday. He was widely known among agriculturists throughout the state, was president of the Ohio State Wool Growers Association, served two terms as president of the Ohio State Board of Agriculture and was a member of that organization for years. For many years he was a successful exhibitor of Merino sheep, Shorthorn cattle and Chester White hogs. He was an earnest church worker, and was a leading member of the Church of the Disciples of Christ at. Salem. He was twice married. His first wife was Elizabeth Barnes. His second wife was Lydia Barnes, who died on October 22, 1916, six years after his demise. Charles, son of John Pow by his second wife, Lydia Barnes, was born on his father's farm near Salem, Columbiana County, on May 12, 1869. He received a good schooling, attending the Salem High School, Northeastern Ohio Normal College and the Ohio Northern University. He took an interest in agriculture, and in 1907 bought the old Pow farm in Green Township, Mahoning County. He maintains a fine herd of Jersey cattle, and has become one of the responsible men of the township. For three terms he served as justice of the peace, and to some extent has been prominent in his district in matters of political significance, giving useful allegiance to the republican party in national politics. Charles Pow in 1896 married Martha Schnurrenberger, daughter of Lyman Schnurrenberger, extensive reference to whom and to other members of that pioneer family will be found elsewhere in this current edition of Mahoning Valley history. Mrs. Charles Pow is a graduate of the Northeastern Normal College in the class of 1894, and for four years afterward was a successful teacher. She is a woman of fine Christian character, interested in her home and the education of her children and all things pertaining to the betterment of her community. Mr. and Mrs. Charles Pow have four children. Mary is a graduate of Salem High School, also having been a student in Kent Normal College, the University of Wooster and George Washington University, Washington, District of Columbia. Charles Herschel is a high school graduate who will enter some school to continue his higher education. George 446 - YOUNGSTOWN AND THE MAHONING VALLEY Lyman is a senior in high school and Warren D. is in the grade school. JARED P. HUXLEY has for sixteen years been one of the successful members of the Youngstown bar. On January 1, 1920, after three years as prosecuting attorney of Mahoning County, he became a member of the law firm of Harrington, DeFord, Heim & Huxley. Mr. Huxley represents one of the old and very substantial families of Ellsworth Township, this county, where the Huxleys have lived for several generations. He was born on a farm in that township July 13, 1874, son of Philo and Evaline (Cessna) Huxley. His father, also a native of Ellsworth Township, was one of the first volunteers to respond to the call of Governor David Tod at the beginning of the Civil war. He entered the service as a private and subsequently was a seregant in the Sixth Ohio Cavalry. Wounds received during the war were the ultimate cause of his death, at the age of fifty-six, in 1898. His wife survived until 1905, when she was sixty-three. Philo Huxley was at one time county clerk of Mahoning County. Jared P. Huxley acquired his early education in Salem and graduated in 1895 from the University of Cincinnati. While he began practice at Youngstown after his admission to the bar, he soon returned to Salem and for two terms was mayor of that city. He again located at Youngstown in 1903 and has found his time and energies fully employed in the pursuit of a large and important law practice. Mr. Huxley was first elected prosecuting attorney in 1917 and was re-elected in 1918, but resigned in the middle of his second term to resume private practice. During the three years he held office he handled more cases than any previous prosecutor in the same length of time. His tenure of office covered the period of the war, which presented many problems that required skill and courage to solve. He waged vigorous war on vice in the city, especially where gambling was concerned. Mr. Huxley is a member of the Youngstown Country Club, is a Royal Arch Mason and an Elk and Knight of Pythias. He and his family are Presbyterians. In 1898 he married Margaret Dow, daughter of Alexander Dow of Salem. Their three children are Esther, born in 1900; Robert, born in 1902; and Ruth, born in 1906. ROBERT ASA MANCHESTER, a merchant now living in comfortable retirement at Canfield, Mahoning County, Ohio, where for twenty-four years he was actively connected with a substantial hardware business, has lived a long and useful life, in profitable business enterprises and helpful public service. His business career has been somewhat varied. At the outset he was a school teacher ; later he was identified with a shingle mill and threshing machine business in Mahoning County, and in that connection has the interesting distinction of having been the first man to operate a steam thresher in the district; later for many years he farmed a large acreage in Goshen Township, Mahoning County; and then, in 1894, he took up residence in Canfield and entered the business of Manchester Brothers, hardware merchants, his two sons being partners with him in that business until 1904, when his son Seymour went to Niles, Trumbull County, and there established himself independently in a similar business. From that time until August, 1918, the Canfield business was a partnership of father and son, Robert A. and Josiah, as the Manchester Company, but since the retirement of the father from active business in 1918, it has been under management of the son. During his long business life, a period of more than sixty years, Robert Asa Manchester has taken close interest in national politics and a closer interest in local affairs, in public work and church support. He has served on the council, has been township clerk and assessor, and has taken part in several democratic conventions. He was one of the founders of the Beachwood Sporting Club thirty-nine years ago, that club having almost without a break each year, in September-October, organized a hunt followed by a dinner at the home of one of the members, an annual event that did much to cement friendship. Robert Asa Manchester was born on the Manchester homestead in the "Dublin" neighborhood on August 13, 1838, about sixteen months after the birth of his brother, H. A., whose life is elsewhere referred to in this edition of Mahoning Valley history. Robert A. passed his boyhood on the parental farm and attended the township school, for two terms also attending the Canfield Academy, studying under Professor Hines in that school. After his schooling he for a short time was a school teacher, but soon resolved to go to an uncle who lived near Richmond, Indiana. There he remained for about one year, after which he returned to his native state and county and worked for his uncle, Robert Manchester, who owned a shingle mill and steam thresher in the neighborhood of the Manchester homestead. It was in 1860 that Robert Asa Manchester operated steam thresher, the first to be used in that neighborhood. He continued in association with his uncle for about two years, and during that time, on November 14, 1861, married. His wife, Anna E. Bowman, was a daughter of Josiah and Sarah (Strawn) Bowman, of Goshen Township, Mahoning County, where she was born on March 10, 1844, and where her father also had been born, the year his birth being 1809, the same as that which gave to America the immortal Abraham Lincoln. Her grandparents were Christian and Elizabeth (Kreger) Bowman, the former born in Fayette County, Pennsylvania, in 1781. The Bowman family is of French-German ancestry, the great-great-grandparents in the paternal line being natives of Alsace. Her great-grandmother was from Wurtemberg. Apparently the great-great-grandparents came to America, for the father of Christian Bowman, grandfather of Anna E., was born at sea. Christian Bowman married Elizabeth Kreger in 1802, and in 1806 they came into the Western Reserve and settled on wild land in Green Township, Mahoning County, but at that time in Columbiana County. His father, Philip Casper, came with him, and therefore will appear in records as the pioneer of the Bowman family in Ohio. He was in the army during the Revolutionary war under General Washington. Christian Bowman served as YOUNGSTOWN AND THE MAHONING VALLEY - 447 an officer in the state militia during the War of 1812, and eventually his son, Josiah, father of Anna E., also became an officer of militia. Josiah Bowman died on June 10, 1886, aged seventy-seven years; his widow, however, lived until September 6, 1899, being then eighty-five years old. Their children were : Allen A., who was a farmer in Mahoning County for the greater part of his life, which ended when he was sixty years old, and he had one son, Dallas, now in Goshen Township; Elizabeth K., widow of J. P. Cessna, Salem Village, Columbiana County ; Anna E., who became the wife of Robert Asa Manchester ; Amelia, widow of Edward Burgett, of Goshen Township; Jefferson, who was a farmer in Goshen Township until his death, when sixty-four years old, and his son is still in the township. After his marriage Robert A. Manchester went to live in Goshen Township, and until the death of his wife's father, gave practically all his time to the management of her father's farm in that township, and he continued to farm it for some years after the death of the latter. In 1894 he removed to Canfield Village for the purpose of joining his two sons, Seymour and Josiah, in the management of a hardware store business they had established in Canfield about two years previously. Until 1904 the three were in partnership in that business, which was conducted under the trading name of Manchester Brothers. In that year a change became necessary, as one of the sons, Seymour, had left the firm and had gone to Niles, Trumbull County, with the intention of establishing himself in similar business, independently, in that city. From 1904 until the present the Canfield business has had the trading name of the Manchester Company, father and son being partners until the fall of 1918, since which time the son Josiah has had the entire management. For the greater part of his life Robert A. Manchester has been a democrat, and in earlier days took an active part in movements of the party. He has been a member of many political committees, and in other ways has taken a leading part in democratic affairs in his community. In the local administration he has also had good part, and has been a councilman, township clerk, and assessor. Mr. Manchester has for many years been an elder of the Presbyterian Church, and he and his wife have been good members of that denomination practically all their lives. Mr. and Mrs. Robert Asa Manchester were the parents of five children : Seymour, who is now in good business as a hardware merchant in Niles, Trumbull County, Ohio, married Mary Bloxom, and their son Carl is a veteran of the World war, having served with an engineer regiment in France. Clement L. Vallandingham is a prosperous farmer in Ellsworth Township. He married Mary Lower, and they have five children, Warren, John, Fern, Mabel and Mildred. Their son Warren is also a veteran of the war, having served in France and Italy. Sarah Ella is the widow of Clement Dale, of Canfield. Their children were Robert, Bryan, Thalia, Clara, Elizabeth and Orin. Robert enlisted in the United States Navy, and died at Honolulu about one year afterward, while Bryan early enlisted in the United States Army and was for two years in France. Allen is a plumbing contractor, and lives in Canfield. He married Lulu Spaulding, and they have two children, daughters, Charlotte and Pearl. Josiah is now conducting the hardware business of the Manchester Company of Canfield. He married Gertrude Stitle, who bore him three children, Harry, Robert and Anna. Harry had a distinguished military record, serving more than two years in France and Italy, in the most dangerous branch of the service, aviation. He was a graduate of Wooster College, 1917, with the degree of Bachelor of Science, and enlisted about a month after the outbreak of hostilities, gaining commission as first lieutenant. His war record is elsewhere reviewed in this edition. Altogether, five of the direct grandchildren of Mr. and Mrs. Robert Asa Manchester served in the World war, a record of which they might be justly proud. Two of their grandchildren-in-law also were veterans, Carl Ridenour, son-in-law of Mrs. Tate, serving in the United States Navy, and Lee Cunningham, husband of Clara Tate, was with the Fourth Division of the American Expeditionary Forces, and was wounded in action. One of the associations in which Robert Asa Manchester has found much pleasure is connect with the Beachwood Sporting Club, which he and seven others organized thirty-nine years ago. Its members, all enthusiastic sportsmen and hunters, have met annually in September-October for a hunt and dinner, the festive occasion following the sport without a break until 1918, when the prevalence of influenza forbade the reunion. Of the eight founders of the club, all with one exception, Edmund Burgett, are still living. The founders were : Robert Asa Manchester; Comfort Bowman, of Ellsworth Township; Morris Bowman, of the same township; John Miller, of Salem; Thomas Weaver, of Green Township; Edmund Burgett, of Goshen Township; S. 0. Manchester, of Niles, eldest son of Robert A.; and Will Cessna, of Goshen Township. The wives of the members have also been wont to attend the annual dinners, and the functions have thus been pleasurable reunions of old friends. HARRY GUGGENHEIM. A broadminded, well balanced man, always master of himself and knowing how to be firm and resolute, having the absolute confidence of his associates, Harry Guggenheim is a forceful figure in the business life of Youngstown, where he has played an important part in some of the largest real estate transfers of the city, and his desirability as a citizen has been proven upon all occasions. His loyalty, diligence and intelligence are constantly being brought into play in every transaction of his useful life, and as he early learned the fundamentals of business, he has had little difficulty in rising to a high position in the circles into which his activities have taken him. As a citizen he represents the highest type, for he is keen and diligent in forwarding public matters, just as he is in bringing about the best results in his private affairs. Harry Guggenheim was born in Eastern Tennessee, a son of Samuel and Johanna (Ullman) Guggenheim, both of whom are now deceased. Samuel Guggenheim came to the United States from Germany and located in Eastern Tennessee, where he later became acquainted with Andrew Johnson, who succeeded Abraham Lincoln as President of the United States, 448 - YOUNGSTOWN AND THE MAHONING VALLEY and Governor Robert Taylor. What education he had Samuel Guggenheim secured from those about him, but he possessed so many admirable characteristics that people learned to respect him. Harry Guggenheim, like his father, is self-educated, the primitive schools of his native mountains not rendering him much assistance, but from childhood he has been surpassingly ambitious and willing to learn from anyone. Before leaving his birthplace he managed to secure an agency for the distribution of newspapers, and was the only newsboy in all of that region. Coming to Youngstown in 1901, he joined his brother Michael Guggenheim, who had established himself in an insurance business in this city, and a month later Harry Guggenheim joined the real estate enterprise conducted by Wick Taylor, becoming his partner. Having gained a knowledge of the practical workings of the business, Mr. Guggenheim decided to venture alone, so began handling properties and was so successful that it was not long before he was one of the leaders in his line. Mr. Guggenheim is a very broad-visioned man and can look into the future and weigh the possibilities of a venture, and when he enters upon it his associates know that he will win, for he always does. He and W. J. Williams bought all of the land lying between Bissell Avenue, north, to Savana, and from Ohio, east, to Wick Avenue for $800 per acre. The streets now known as Tod Lane, New York Avenue and Wellington Avenue were offered for over a year at $600 per acre by the Wellingdorf heirs, and this land was taken over at that price by the Hamilton Realty Company. John Stambaugh bought the site of the present Stambaugh for $9o,000 and six months later Mr. Cough, desiring to build a hotel, gave Mr. Guggenheim an option for $13,000 on property that he never took up, and this property is now worth over $500,000. Mr. Guggenheim sold the Grand Army of the Republic Building, with a frontage of sixty-six feet, to Frank Medberry for $99,000, and it is worth today $250,000. The property was sold by Mr. Guggenheim to David Tod for $6o,000, and today he is offered $200,000 for the forty-two foot frontage. Mr. Guggenheim also had an option on 150 feet for $115,000, which was the site of the present Home Savings & Loan Company's new building, that is now valued at $60o,000. These are instances of the remarkable rise in realty values at Youngstown. In 1919 Mr. Guggenheim sold the property at the corner of Walnut and Federal streets for $158,000, which shows a very material advance over prices of 1904. During the time he has been at. Youngstown, less than twenty years, Mr. Guggenheim has been the heaviest single operator in real estate. At the time he was trying to secure the last named option Mr. Becker wanted to sell the property on which the Tod home now stands for $9o,000, and it today is worth $500,000. At that time there was not a single building in Youngstown over four stories in height. Mr. Guggenheim is a charter member of the Real Estate Board, and has served on a number of its committees. On October 12, 1904, he was married to Rosetta A. Lazarus, of Louisville, Kentucky. He is a member of all of the Jewish charitable organizations, and is interested in all movements which have for their object the betterment of Youngstown. It is impossible to be more optimistic than Mr. Guggenheim over the future of Youngstown and the entire Mahoning Valley, and no wonder he has such faith in this locality when he has witnessed such marvelous development. In 1901, at the time he came here, Wick Taylor had the agency for the land surrounding Wick Park, which he was offering at $30 an acre, and today all of that district is covered by the finest residences in Youngstown. Mr. Guggenheim sold the property now occupied by the Masonic Temple for $16,000 some years ago, and quite recently the Masons bought the adjoining property for approximately $75,000: Knowing of all this expansion in the past and realizing how rapidly the various industrial plants are growing, necessitating the increase in housing facilities and the consequent demand for additional business houses to provide for the new employes, there is little wonder that men of the stamp of Mr. Guggenheim know what they are talking about when they go about boosting Youngstown and advising a speedy investment in such property as is still on the market. Faithful in small things, it stands to reason that Mr. Guggenheim is foremost in large ones, and whenever any movement is projected that promises to be of lasting benefit to the community he is certain to be either one of the original promoters or a very enthusiastic and practical supporter of it, thus insuring its ultimate success. His long and intimate association with the real estate market has made him one of the authorities in his line, and yet, busy as he is, he always finds time for those less fortunate than he, and many of his benevolent actions are never made public. He has not cared to assume the responsibilities of public office, although fully fitted in a practical way for many of them, preferring to exert his influence as a private citizen. As a citizen and family man, in his business and home, he lives up to the highest principles, and no man in the Ma-honing Valley is more deserving of the confidence he inspires. IRA B. MACKEY, manufacturer of native timber, and one of the substantial citizens of Youngstown, comes of an old American family, his great-grandfather, Andrew Mackey, having brought his wife to Trumbull County, Ohio, from Connecticut many years ago, making the trip in ox carts, and thus establishing the family of wife and six children in Ohio. The maternal grandfather, Nelson Baldwin, was also an early resident of the state. The Mackeys have been financiers while the Baldwins have been associated with the trades. The Baldwins also made the trip to Ohio from Connecticut in ox carts at a very early date. One of the members of the Baldwin family built a house forty-three years ago that is modern today, so well was it constructed and arranged. While the members of the Mackey family have always been moneymakers, they have not degenerated into moneylovers, but merely exerted their natural abilities in legitimate business transactions. For many years they have given their support to the doctrines of the Metho- YOUNGSTOWN AND THE MAHONING VALLEY - 449 dist faith. The Baldwins have not taken their religious views without due consideration and have had to be convinced with reference to them as well as to all other matters of importance. Ira B. Mackey was first named Nelson, but his father, feeling that death was near, felt that he would like to leave a namesake, so when the child was three years of age, the name was changed to Ira B. The good father passed away at the age of forty-nine years. He was essentially a business man and was largely interested in timber, owning and operating a saw and planing mill, and contracted and built many of the substantial buildings in Haselton and Girard, and he owned and conducted a general store at Vienna, and in partnership with J. J. Holliday, was also interested in a banking business at that place. He was a very well educated man and in his young manhood he was engaged in teaching school. His death was the result of paralysis. In politics he was a republican. His wife bore the maiden name of Elmira Baldwin and she lived to be seventy-four years of age, passing away in January, 1915. Ira B. Mackey, who was born on January io, 1876, was one of three children. His sister Lula was a school teacher, court stenographer and then studied law, being the second woman to be admitted to the bar in Ohio. She is a splendid woman of great business ability. She acquired a large acreage at Tibbots Corners, which she improved and made it into McKinley Heights, so naming it in honor of the original home of William McKinley "which she rescued from the ignoble use to which it was being put as a blacksmith shop, buying it and moving it to her property. It is the intention to donate this to the state so that it may be preserved as a memorial to President McKinley. The other sister of Mr. Mackey, Mellie, deceased, was the wife of W. H. McNaughton of Warren, Ohio. From the time he was fourteen years of age, Ira B. Mackey has earned his own living, prior to that attending the country schools gave him a working knowledge of the fundamentals of an education. He began work tamping ties on the New York Central Railroad. At sixteen he was cutting logs and selling timber to J. A. and D. B. Cooper, manufacturers of carriages and wagons. For the past twenty years Mr. Mackey has been buying tracts of timber land on which he has operated portable mills and the product, heavy timber, has been used by the steel and iron plants of the Mahoning Valley. By his first marriage Mr. Mackey had one daughter, Jean, who is the wife of George Creed of the First National Bank of Youngstown. On Augu,t to, 1915, Mr. Mackey was married, second, to Florence Collins, a daughter of Joseph Collins of New Philadelphia, Ohio. Mr. Mackey has risen high in Masonry and when he was only twenty-one was made a member of the Blue Lodge and of the Warren Commandery when he was twenty-six. He belongs to the Chamber of Commerce and is active in it, working with his fellow members to increase the prosperity of Youngstown for which he has always been a great booster. Since casting his first vote Mr. Mackey has been a republican, but he has never cared to do more in politics than exert his right of suffrage. Upright, energetic and alert, Mr. Mackey has lived up to the traditions of his family and been very successful in his undertakings. At the same time he has not lost sight of his civic responsibilities, but lived up to the highest ideals of citizenship and is recognized as one of the best representatives of the successful business man of the Mahoning Valley. EDWIN G. MOFF, owner of the Crystal Brook Dairy Farm, situated about ten miles southwest of Youngstown, is a leading resident of that township, and a director of the Mahoning County Fair. He was born on April 16, 1864, on the farm upon which he still lives in Beaver Township, and has lived practically his whole life in the township. His parents were Philip and Catherine (Perren) Moff, both of whom were born in Europe, his mother in Switzerland and his father in Germany. His mother came to America with her parents when she was eighteen years old; his father was twenty years of age when he came to America with his parents, in 1847, locating at Georgetown in Columbiana County, Ohio. Philip Moff soon after he had married Catherine Perren established a brewery on the site of the present house occupied by Edwin G in Beaver Township; and part of the building used for brewery purposes is still in use as a wagon shed. Philip Moff also had a small store, which he conducted for a short time, giving up that business when he set up a saw mill in partnership with Peter Rupright, a mechanic. Much of his land was in the virgin state, and there was an immense quantity of timber in the district, and Philip Moff and his partner were extensive manufacturers of lumber up to the time of the former's death, which occurred when he was still in the prime of life. Philip Moff was only forty-six years old when death came to him and during his short married life he, through his lumbering operations, had cleared a farm of appreciable extent. His widow remained on that farm for very many years; in fact she lived to reach the age of seventy-seven years. Mrs. Catherine (Perren) Moff was a woman of strong character. Left with five children and very little means outside the farm, which was for the greatest part cut-over land, she nevertheless set bravely to the task of operating it so as to rear her children; and she proved herself to be an excellent business woman, for not only did she succeed in keeping the land in profitable cultivation, but she actually was able to increase her holding until she possessed altogether about 140 or 150 acres. There was much maple timber on part of the farm, and Mrs. Moff every spring obtained a large quantity of maple syrup. Indeed, much syrup is still taken annually from the maple grove, the yield of syrup in most years being 150 gallons. Mrs. Moff was a good church woman, regular in her attendance at the Reformed Church which was about two miles distant from her home. And she had the satisfaction of seeing her five children all grow to maturity and pass out into well-established independence and responsibility. The five children of Philip and Catherine (Perren) Moff were: William A., who has had a successful career as a farmer and merchant,