400 - HISTORY OF BELMONT AND JEFFERSON COUNTIES. GEORGE THORNBOROUGH, the only son of William Thornborough, was born in Washington township, Belmont county, Ohio, September 9, 1822. He married Peninniah Falconer, daughter of Reuben Falconer, in 1852. They settled on his father's farm, remained there until 1857, and then purchased and moved to the farm in Smith township, where they are now living. They have a family of nine children, one son and eight daughters. He is classed among the leading farmers of Smith township. WILLIAM WILKINSON, son of John Wilkinson, deceased, was born in Wheeling township, Belmont county, Ohio, December 11, 1813. In 1837, he married Mary A. Leckliter, daughter of Conrad Leckliter. They settled in Smith township, in which they lived until his death. His wife died in 1877 ; he died in 1878. At the time of their death they were living on the farm now occupied by their children. Mr. Wilkinson owned 550 acres of land in Smith township, being one of the most extensive land owners in the township. He served two terms as county commissioner. He reared a family of eleven children, five sons and six daughters. Two are deceased. JOHN MCNIECE was born in the county of Tyrone, Ireland, June 17th, 1818, In 1839, April 14th, he sailed from Belfast, and after a voyage of 42 days landed in New York. In July of the same year, he came to Belmont county, Ohio, and located in Richland township. In 1843 he married Sarah King, daughter of John Kings They settled in Richland and remained until 1846 ; then moved to Smith township. At present he is living on the Warnock farm, in Marbletown, and owns a large tract of land in that vicinity, His wife died Dec. 22d, 1858. lie then married Caroline Gladden, Dec, 29th, 1859, who died July 24th, 1867. Isabel Bigger became his third wife April 27th, 1869. He is the father of seven children, three sons and four daughters, He is filling the office of Justice of the Peace at present. EPHRAIM WILSON, a son of William Wilson, deceased, was born in Maryland, June 18th, 1800. In 1801 he was brought to Belmont county, Ohio, by his father, who settled in Smith township, on section 36. He lived in a log cabin that had been built on the land by the Brattons, for a few years ; then he erected a larger log house in which he lived the remainder of his days. He died in 1812, at the age of 53 years. Our subject married Elizabeth Pryor, daughter of John Pryor, in 1823. They settled on the farm where he is now living, it being his father's old homestead, and followed agricultural pursuits. His wife died in 1861. Their union resulted in eight children ; four are deceased. His son John Wilson, served three years in the war against the rebellion. JACOB LEWIS was a native of Pennsylvania, and was born in the year 1760. In 1800 he married Mary Bundy, of North Carolina. In 1801 or 2, he with his wife, migrated to Jefferson county, Ohio, locating in Mt. Pleasant township, near Mt. Pleasant, and remained there until 1822 ; then purchased and moved on the Lewis mill property, located in section 36, Smith township, Belmont county, including farm and grist mill. He resided there until his death in 1829 his wife survived him until 1859. Their union resulted in five children, viz : Hannah, .Rachel, Ira, Abraham and Reese; two are deceased, Hannah and Rachel. Abraham and Reese are living in Barnesville. IRA LEWIS, the eldest son of the above named Jacob Lewis, was born in Jefferson county, Ohio, March 30th, .1808. He was brought up a farmer. In 1822 he came with his father to Belmont county, Ohio, who purchased the property now owned by our subject, located in section 36, Smith township. In 1828 he commenced working in the mill with his father, and after his father's death, he took charge of the mill, and has been following farming in connection with milling since that time. In 1829 he married Elizabeth Gregg, daughter of Stephen Gregg. This union resulted in six children, two sons and four daughters. In 1849; Mr. Lewis tore away the old log mill, and erected the present frame structure. He has a saw mill near the grist mill. He served one term as County Commissioner, being elected in 1852, He owns several farms and is one of the leading farmers in Smith township. His wife died Sept. 16th, 1878. JOSHUA PRIOR, SR., a son of John Pryor, deceased, was born in Greene county, Pa., January 13, 1797. He was brought to Belmont county, Ohio, in 1801, by his father, who entered land and settled on Captina, where he remained until in 1811, and then entered the farm now owned by his grandson, Joshua Pryor, Jr., located in section 35, Smith township, living there until his death. Our subject was brought up a farmer, and on the 6th of July, 1816, married Susannah Lucas, daughter of Samuel Lucas, who was born May 13, 1798. After a few years he purchased his father's farm, where they passed the remainder of their days. Their union resulted in ten children, viz. : Margaret, Lavinia, Susannah, Elizabeth, Lucas A., Joshua, Sarah, Eliza Ann, Louisa and Seley J. All are living except Lucas A., who died March 29, 1879. Eight of the others are living in Belmont county and one in Greene county, Pa. Our subject died February 12, 1864 ; his wife died March 21, 1869. JOSHUA PRYOR, JR., second son of Joshua Pryor, Sr., was born in Belmont county, Ohio, on the farm where he is now living, December 25, 1828. He was reared a farmer and has followed that as his vocation. At present he owns two farms in Smith township and is one among the leading farmers in the township. Jane 27, 1865, he married Esther J. Hutchison, daughter of Jos. Hutchison, born in 1842. They settled on the farm where they are now living, it being entered by his grandfather Pryor in 1811, after whose death it was purchased by Joshua Pryor, Sr., and at his death by Joshua Pryor, Jr, his son, who owns it at present. JOHN PORTERFIELD, a native of Ireland, was born in the County of Donegal in 1783. He migrated to America in 1801, locating in Lancaster county, Pa., where he married Margaret Robb in 1808. In 1809, he with his wife and one child, migrated to Jefferson county, Ohio ; in 1811, they moved to Belmont county, Ohio, locating in Richland township ; in 1818, they moved on land in section 32, Smith township, which is now Owned by his son Joseph, where they spent the remainder of their days. He died, April 24, 1871 ; his wife died December 23, 1871, aged 81 years. Their union resulted in sixteen children, one of whom died at the age of five years. The other fifteen, viz : Elizabeth, Susan, Matthew, James and John (twins,) William, Emily, Mary, Monica, Andrew, Jane, Nathan, Alexander, Sarah and Joseph, grew to be men and women, and were all married before the death of their parents. WILLIAM PORTERFIELD, the fourth son of John Porterfield, was born in Belmont county, Ohio, December 28, 1815. He married Susan Pryor, daughter of John Pryor, deceased, in 1841. They settled in Goshen township and remained a few years. In 1857, he purchased the farm in Smith township where they are now living. Their union resulted in six children, three sons and three daughters ; all are living. ELI STRAHL, carpenter, was born in Belmont county, Ohio, August 13, 1828. In 1858, he commenced working at his trade on the B. & O. R. R., and for the past year has acted as superintendent on one division of said road. In 1868, he married Miss Margaret J. Fryman. At present they are living at Warnock's Station. JACOB FRYMAN was born near St. Clairsville, in 1800. He, was reared a farmer, and followed that as his vocation after he grew to manhood. In 1826 he married Susannah Porterfield, daughter of Alex. Porterfield. Their union resulted in nine children, four sons and five daughters. His wife died in 1873. Three of his sons served in the war of 1861, Isaac, Henry and Joseph. Isaac served three years and seven months, a part of which time he was a prisoner ; Henry served eighteen months ; Joseph was in the 100 days' service. JOHN W. DUNCAN, son of James Duncan, was born in Richland township, Belmont county, in 1844. Reis a carpenter by trade, which is now his occupation. In 1876 he married Josephine Powell, daughter of Thomas Powell. They are living at Warnock's Station; have one child, a son. LEWIS LUMPTON, was born in Frederick county, Virginia, near Winchester, Feb. 25th, 1816. He came with his father to Harrison county, Ohio, in 1827, and in 1839 he came to Belmont county. He located in Colerain township until 1845 ; then moved to Richland township, where in 1846 he married Hannah C. Ault, daughter Of George Ault. They resided in Richland township until .1877; then purchased and moved on the farm where they are now living in Smith township, section 23. Their union resulted in eight children, two sons and six daughters. HISTORY OF BELMONT AND JEFFERSON COUNTIES - 401 JOHN WORKMAN, son of William Workman, was born in Smith township, Belmont county, January 28th, 1827. In 1849 he married Elizabeth J. Lash, daughter of Isaac Lash, which union has resulted in seven children, three Sons and four daughters. lie follows farming, and owns a farm in section 17, Smith township, where he is now living. JOHN DELANEY was born .in Montgomery county, Maryland, in 1792. In 1812 he enlisted and served six months in the war ; returned home and migrated to Belmont county, Ohio; remained a short time and returned to Maryland; hired as a substitute and served until the close of the war. He was wounded at the battle of Georgetown, by a buckshot striking him in the ear, which be carried with him to his grave. At the same time a large ball and buckshot lodged in his silk handkerchief in his hat. Soon after the close of the war he returned to Belmont county and located in St. Clairsville. His first work was packing tobacco for Walter Charlesworth. He married Elizabeth Montgomery, and lived in St. Clairsville a few years. In 1820 be purchased and moved on a farm in Smith township near Lewis' Mills; .sold this in 1829, and purchased the farm now owned by his son John W. in section 22, Smith township; lived there the remainder of his days. He died September 13, 1864. His wife died March 30, 1878. They reared a family of three children, one son and two daughters ; one daughter is dead. The son, John W. Delaney, is living on the old home farm. ROBERT HART, a son of Miles and Catherine Hart, was born in Green county, Pennsylvania, June 29, 1806. When a boy about four years of age he was brought to Belmont county by his father, who located in Dille's Bottom. In 1816 he entered land in Smith township, on a part of sections 32 and 27, and built a hewed log house that he covered with clapboards. It was at this place our subject was brought up as a farmer, and received a common school education, On January 3, 1839, he married Miss Hannah Gordon, who was born in York county, Pennsylvania, June 14, 1809. This union resulted in six children, three sons and three daughters. In August, 1847, he purchased a farm on section 8, where he still resides. He and his wife are members of the Concord Presbyterian Church. B. R. AULT was born in Belmont county, Ohio, October 7, 1831. He obtained a common school education. At the age of 18 years he learned the wagonmaker trade ; after serving three years, he started a shop at Salesville, Guernsey county, remain- ing there three years. He then sold out and went to Jacobsburg. April 17, 1853, he married Miss Isabella Denoon, who Was a native of Belmont county. They had five children, four sons and one daughter. In 1859, he located in Centerville, where be still follows his trade. On June 18, 1867, he was called to mourn the loss of his wife, aged 30 years. In April, 1871, he married Mrs,. Sarah A. Stonebreaker, who was born in 1832. This union resulted in two sons. He and his wife are members of the Centerville M. E. Church. JAS. N. MCMASTER, M. D., a son of Samuel McMaster, was born near Jacobsburg, December 30, 1844. Lived on a farm until 1862, when he entered the army as a private in the 9th O. V. cavalry, and for three years he shared all the dangers and endured all the hardships incident to a soldier's life, during the memorable contest in the southwest. After "Sherman's great march to the sea," he was discharged at Greensboro, North Carolina, September, 1865. He returned home and engaged in teaching school and devoting his spare moments to the reading of medicine. In the winter of 1867-8, he attended lectures at the Starling Medical College, Columbus, Ohio. Graduated in medicine at the Medical College of Ohio, at Cincinnati, in February, 1870. Was engaged in the practice of his profession at Glencoe, Belmont county, in partnership with Dr. Wm. Piper, his preceptor, for one year. On November 28, 1871, he was married to Susan E. Neff, of Glencoe, who was born July 18, 1846. Soon after this event he removed to Centreville, where he has acquired a lucrative practice. His marriage resulted in two children —Elva Lenora, born April 24, 1873 ; William Henry, born September 17, 1875. Wm. GLOVER, the subject of this sketch, is a native of Belmont county, and was born August 17, 1822. Received a common school education, and remained with his father on the farm until twenty-three years of age. He formed the acquaintance of Miss Mary A. Wilkinson, and was united to her in marriage on the 10th day of April, 1845. She was born April 28, 1825. This 51—B. & J. Cos. union resulted in eleven children : seven sons and four daughters, all of whom are living. Immediately after his marriage, he removed on the land known as the Morgan farm, where he remained nine years, and then moved upon a tract of land he had purchased from Alexander Smith, on or near McMahon's creek. Here he resided for seven years, when he traded his farm for land in Illinois, and removed on his father's place. In 1872 he purchased part of the old homestead, which is situated on section 25. He has lived here ever since. Mr. Glover and wife are members of the Christian Church of Benfork. R. L. FOREMAN.-Born in Belmont county, Ohio, March 12, 1828. At the age of eleven years was taken by his uncle, Reese Lewis, with whom he lived until sixteen years of age. in 1844 he went to Wheeling, West Virginia, and learned the trade of a saddler, serving an apprenticeship of four years. After the expiration of his time, he led a migratory life for about four years, working here and there, acquainting himself with the different styles of workmanship. On the 1st of April, 1851, he married Miss Helen Moore, who was born in Belmont county, October 20, 1831. They reared a family of seven children-five sons and two daughters-six of .whom are living. Soon after his marriage, he located in Centreville, and engaged in working at his trade part of the time, merchandizing and farming the balance. In 1878 he was elected Justice of the Peace. He and wife are members of the Concord Presbyterian church. He still resides in Centreville. C. C. WORKMAN, a son of William and Isabella Workman, was born in Smith township, Belmont county, March 26, 1817 ; reared a farmer and received a limited education. On March 21, 1839, he married Miss Mary Gladden, who was born December 12, 1816. This marriage resulted in six children, three sons and three daughters. Three are living, viz : Mary J, Elizabeth A. and John C. who is a practicing Physician in Uniontown, Belmont county. After our subject's marriage, he located on a farm in section 9, Smith township, where he still resides. In 1858, he was elected justice of said township ; has served continuously since that time and has filled a number of other township offices. He and his wife are members of the Concord Presbyterian church. JOHN GLADDEN, was born in Maryland, 1790. At the age of seventeen years, he went to Baltimore to learn brick laying with a man named Stansbury, with whom he worked three years. In 1813, he married Miss Mary Gladden, who was born about 1797-8. This union resulted in eight children,. two sons and six daughters.; five are living. After his marriage he migrated to Steubenville, Jefferson county, and there remained two years working at his trade. In 1815, he entered land in Belmont county, in section 13,. Smith township, where he erected a cabin moved his family and began making improvements. In march, 1860, he died at the age of 70 years; his wife died in May, 1874, aged 77 years. They were both members of the Concord Presbyterian church. JOHN GLADDEN, JR., was born in Belmont county, Smith township, October 21, 1825 ; was brought up on a farm, and received a common school education. November 22, 1855, he married Miss Elizabeth Foreman, who was born in Belmont county, March 15, 1836. They had three children, viz.: Leonidas M., born November 12, 1857; James M., born March 8, 1860; Mary L., born January 19, 1865. Two are living, Leonidas M. and Mary L. After his marriage, he located on a farm on part of sections 7, 8 and 13, where he now resides. He and his wife are members of the Concord Presbyterian church. JOHN WEEKLY was born February 13, 1813 ; reared a farmer, and obtained a common school education. April 23, 1835, he was married to Miss Catharine Beckett, who was born July 11, 1813. By this union were twelve children, four sons and. eight daughters, six of whom are living, After his marriage he lived on a farm in Smith township, remaining one year; then lived in Morrow county a few years. In 1856 he moved back to Smith township, on a farm known as the Byron farm, located on section 16. He purchased it in 1866, and still resides thereon. He and his wife are members of the Centreville M. E. church. HENRY NEFF, a son of George and Margaret Neff, was born March 3, 1811; received a common school education, and worked with his father on the farm. In 1833 his father gave him a tract of land on section 4, upon which Henry set to work to 402 - HISTORY OF BELMONT AND JEFFERSON COUNTIES. clear and improve. Through dint of industry he soon had a. pleasant home, and acquired means to secure land in Mead town- ship. In October, 1844, he and Miss Matilda Hall were married. Their union resulted in seven children, three sons and four daughters five are living, as follows : Susan E., now the wife of Dr. McMaster, of Centreville ; Dorcas A., now the wife of John A. Thompson, near St. Clairsville ; Jane L., Margaret, M. C., and Henry A. Our subject followed farming and speculating in land. He and his wife united with the Jacobsburg M. E. church. On December 29, 1865, his wife died, aged 49 years. He has remained a widower ever since. ROBERT M. DENT was born in Belmont county, December 25, 1843. At the age of seventeen he enlisted in company D, in the 47th Ohio ; was under command of General Pope, and while with him was engaged in several battles ; was at the engagement at Oxford under General Grant. In 1863 he enlisted as a veteran under Colonel Swain, and was in a number of engagements ; started with Sherman on his " march to the sea," and was in the principal battles in that campaign. In August, 1865, he was honorably discharged, returned to his home and assisted his father in farming. On February 21, 1867, he married Miss Elizabeth Simpson, who Was born September 12, 1848. They have a family of six children, two sons and four daughters; one dead. In 1871, he purchased a farm on a part of section 9, upon which he moved and has resided ever since. He and wife are members of the Jacobsburg M. E. church. HISTORY OF GOSHEN TOWNSHIP. This is one of the inland townships of Belmont county. It lies about fifteen miles west of St. Clairsville and is the highest township in the county. The Baltimore and Ohio Railroad passes through it from east to west, entering near the north east corner, and running a little south of west, leaves it near the middle of its western line. The surface configuration is a high rolling land—in many places. These hills are indented by countless numbers of ravines which checker the whole country, and intersect each other in every variety of way, with their little rivulets and brooks, that are formed by springs of clear, pure, water, issuing forth along the bases of the hillsides, and winding their way along these every varying paths, babbling as they go. The scenery of the whole, as viewed from the higher points, is highly picturesque, and beautiful. The union of these pretty little rivulets, and brooks, as they eventually make their way southwardly, form creeks and streams, that have a water power of some value. In an early day this water power was of great benefit to the pioneers, who utilized it by erecting mills along these streams, that supplied most of the broadstuffs used by their families. It is a noticeable fact that there is but very little valley or bottom land along the streams, the steep hillsides—especially along the smaller streams—running nearly to the water's edge. MINERAL RESOURCES. The whole township is underlaid with strata of Bituminous coal. These strata are of various thickness. The one most available is about four feet thick and is known as the Barnesville vein. It lies nearly horizontal but slightly dips toward the north west and crops out near the bottom of the deeper ravines. This vein is worked more or less in most parts of the township, but the principal banks are about two miles north of Burr's Mills, at a place called Badgersburg. About fifty thousand bushels are annually sold at these mines: The land having been mostly cleared of its timber, the people use coal almost exclusively for fuel ; it is used for culinary as well as domestic purposes. Beneath this cool formation is a stratum of water lime or cement rock, but this has not been utilized yet, to any extent. SOIL AND PRODUCTIONS. The soil is a loamy clay, and produces well, all the crops that are useful to man, such as wheat, corn and all the other grains and grasses. Tobacco grows exceedingly well, and has been grown here from time, almost, immemorial—as a money crop. Its cultivation is still continued on a considerable scale, and the tall log houses in which they cure, or dry it by fire, are to be seen all over the township. The original timber that covered the land was white oak, black oak, chestnut, poplar and hickory. Three-fourths of these forests have been cleared away, and the land put in cultivation, The lands of Goshen all belonged to the general government and was within the first seven ranges northwest of the Ohio river. Section two was reserved by the government, and afterwards sold at $4 an acre ; the other lands were sold at $2 an acre. The last lot sold in Goshen township was entered by David Heskett in 1827, and is now the residence of John Bolon. CONDITION OF THE EARLY SETTLERS. The first settlers in Goshen township hardly found it a land flowing with milk and honey, but .one covered with a dense for, est of timber ; the. branches of the trees interlaced and festooned by the twining vines of the wild grape, which grew every where, while the tops of the smaller undergrowth of brush was covered with their foliage, as if nature had been trying her hand in covering the land with awnings of green, presenting difficulties to be encountered that would have dismayed men of less nerve than these, but they bravely met and overcome all the obstacles nature had seemingly placed in their way. There were, however, some favoring circumstances ; the land was covered over with the wild pea and other forage plants, which proved so beneficial to the pioneer, in making provender for his Stock. The soil also seemed genial ; yielding bountiful crops with little labor, and readily supplying the broadstuffs for the sustenance of his family and other purposes, while the countless numbers of deer, wild turkeys, and other smaller game easily supplied the family with a very considerable portion of its meats. These advantages were to some extent counterbalanced by other annoyances. Unnumbered multitudes of wolves, bears, panthers,, foxes and wildcats and other prey, lurked in the thickets of the hills, and in the hiding places in the deep and secluded ravines along the valleys, to issue forth at night and prowl around the farmers' premises seeking what they might devour. The only safe motto for the farmer was, "eternal vigilenco is the price of, safety." Of all these beasts of prey, wolves were the most troublesome ; for, besides making night hideous by their doleful howls over the hill tops and through the valleys, these audacious ani- mals would approach the farmers'. dwellings and carry oft small hogs and sheep, that were enclosed in pens that were joined to the houses themselves. Sometimes they would even venture to poke their noses into the cracks between the logs of the building, or the door. In these early days men had to work late and early ; so did all the family, and the child that could lift a brush and pile it, had to do so. George N. Burns, a respected citizen, and now venerable in years, so, briefly and tersely related to the writer a little incident that so vividly brought to mind early days, that he can" not refrain from relating it : Little George was about seven years old, and had been picking brush on a bright pleasant day in the early fall, after his father, who had been grubbing in the woods some distance from the house. Tired with his day's work, as the early twilight began to appear, he sat down at the foot of a tree to rest and enjoy the still cool atmosphere of the quiet October evening, waiting for his father to quit and go home. Presently the insects of the lonely woods began to chant their' solemn matinee among the ferns that grew all around him, and as the gathering shades of night began to deepen, the wolves on all the surrounding hills joined in their doleful howls, which so overcome his young mind that he burst into tears, and had to be taken home. He says the impressions of his feelings on that evening remain as vividly in his memory as the day the event happened. Another annoyance was the great numbers of reptiles that infested the country, the most troublesome of which were the big yellow rattlesnake and copperhead, whose poisonous bites frequently injured, and sometimes proved fatal to stock. The rattlesnake has disappeared ; the copperhead is occasionally met with yet. But the time had come when these wild denizens of the forest, as well as the scarcely less wild red man should be overwhelmed and disappear before the resistless advance of civilization, their abodes be made to blossom as the rose, and become the happy homes of white men. About 1800, or a little earlier, was seen the first cabin in Goshen township. Presently other cabins were here and there to be seen among the trees, along the hillsides, and in the little valleys, with small patches of cleared land around them. The number of.cabins now increased yearly, and the fields gradually extended ; the smoke from the clearings rising above the forests HISTORY OF BELMONT AND JEFFERSON COUNTIES - 403 in all directions; while dim paths or roads scarcely visible, wound their devious ways among the trees; the traveler being guided moreby marks or "blazes" on them, than by the outlines of the roads themselves. These things unmistakably indicated that a lodgement had beer made by the white man. These early cabins were very primitive in their construction. They were built of round logs with roofs of loose clapboards, held in place by the weight of small; straight, round logs, called weight poles. The chimney was made by cutting out the logs at one end of the house, like a wide door, behind which was built a frame work of slabs or logs, as high as the mantel, at which point it was contracted, and thence built up above the top of the roof, with split. lath Well laid in with clay mortar, and was also plastered inside with the same material. This is what was called the old stick chimney. Inside of the frame work were built at the back and sides walls of stone to protect it from the fire. These were called the backwall and jams. Within these walls were piled plentiful quantities of wood, that made the fires that warmed the building. The floors were made of puncheons split in the shape of planks, and smoothed down and straightened with the broadaxe. The upper floors were generally made of clapboards loosely laid upon the joists, which were commonly of round logs. The doors were also made of clapboards pinned upon a frame work ; sometimes, however, a quilt or blanket was made to answer the purpose of a door. The dress of the, early pioneers was equally plain, being of material manufactured at home. The wool from their little flocks of sheep was carded by hand cards, spun into yarn and woven into cloth by the female members of the family for winter clothing for themselves, as well as for the male members; while for summer wear, flax and the tow therefrom, was by the same hands manufactured into linen goods ; the flax being made into finer cloth for Sunday clothes, and the tow into coarser cloth for every-day wear. The ladies gathered from the coal banks a material that made a copperas color, with which they colored the thread to "stripe" the linen designed for their own dresses, which they considered somewhat stylish, but when they learned to checker the stripes, and make plaid, they considered they had reached a high point in the art of tasty dressing. Young ladies thus attired in neat copperas colored plaid linen dresses, manufactured and made by their own hands, and the young men clothed in cloth of the same material, but made plain, would gaily sally forth to church, or other public gatherings, with hearts as light and happy and pure, perhaps, as the , modern lady decked with jewels and arrayed in costly silks, with flounces and long train behind, or the modern young gent who adorns himself in faultless clothes, gold watch chains and finger rings. The buttons for pants and heavier clothes were made of pewter, run in moulds made for the purpose, while buttons for shirts and lighter clothes were made of linen thread. In collecting the material for this article, the writer stopped at the house of a pioneer, and while "taking notes," the lady of the house made a perfect old-fashioned thread button, and presented - it to him, which is kept as a memento of the olden time. FIRST SETTLERS. It is difficult now to decide, with certainty, who was the first settler in Goshen township, or in what year he came. The probability is, however, that it was John Adams, and that he came in 1797 to 1800, and settled on section 1, southeast corner, on the farm owned by Abel Ray. It is said by some that he squatted on Congress land five years before any other settler came; that he lived eight years without seeing an apple, and that he lived on corn meal and pounded hominy; that some hunters came along one day and gave' the children some biscuit, but not knowing what they were for, used them for playthings. The most authentic account of, the early settlers is gathered from a diary kept by the late Nehemiah Wright, whose father came from Ireland and settled early in 1802 on the land where the village of Belmont now stands. From this diary we learn that William Philpot, Ralph Heath and Joseph Wright, jointly—per William Philpot—entered September 4, 1802, at Steubenville, section 12, township 7, range 5. At this time land could not be entered in less quantities than sections. There is reason to believe that this was the first land entered in Goshen township, for the diary goes on to say, " there were I-51—B. & J. Cos. four squatters on Congress land when these men came. These squatters were Joseph Dunlap, Christian Wyman and Keeler, on Stillwater, and John Adams, who lived on the Bend fork of Captina creek, on the southwest corner of the southeast quarter of section 1, township 7, range 5." This diary, taken -in connection with the verbal reports, renders it more than probable that John Adams was the first white man that ever settled in this township. The 'next settler was, perhaps, John Gregg, who came in November, 1802. George and John Ewers came in 1803 or 1804, Darling Con row probably entered a section of land in 1804, at what is now called Burr's Mills. David Fawcett and Ezekiel Smith came in 1805. Joseph Danner and Nathaniel McNichols came sbout 1806-7, and William Phillips, Stephen Gregg and George N. Burns came near the same time. From this time forward the tide of emigration was steady, and the township rapidly settled up. The date at which the township was organized cannot be ascertained with certainty, nor a chronological list of the Justices of the Peace had, because the township records extends no further back than 1835, the previous records having been sold to a paper maker in Wheeling as useless rubbish. It is probable, however, that it was organized about 1809 or 10, and that the name Goshen was given it, at the suggestion of Jesse White and a few others who had emigrated from Goshen township, Chester county, Pennsylvania. We learn further from Wright's diary that Joseph Wright planted, April 20, 1804, the first orchard in the township, containing fifty trees of natural fruit, that he cleared seven acres of land, which he planted in corn on the 17th day of May, 1803, and that a snow fell three feet deep January 21, 1804. The first church in the township was probably the Friends ; the deed to them for their grounds being executed March 16, 1808. The place where the Indians who captured the two Wetzel boys, Lewis and Jacob, encamped' for the night, and from where the boys made their escape, is believed to be on the farm now owned by Hendly Gregg, near the Baltimore and Ohio Railroad about midway between Burr's Mill's and Burton's station. A review of the historians who have mentioned the incident, and a personal examination of the ground, convinces us that this was the place of their encampment that night. The sad death of James Shannon, father of ex-governor Shannon, occurred in this township. The details will be round elsewhere in this work , A few years ago John E. Hunt, in cutting down a large poplar tree, found chips taken out, with an axe, near the heart of it, towards each of the cardinal points of the compass. Mr. 0. A. Dowdell, near whose residence the tree grew, counted the growths since it was boxed, and it ran back to 1782, the year of Crawford's expedition against the Sandusky Indians. Henry Lamp built the first mill in the township, on the Benfork of Captina creek, and Jacob Lamp built the second mill on another branch of the same creek. Horse mills were used before water mills were erected, and even afterwards in dry seasons. The flour made at these early mills was bolted by hand. The last deer killed in the township was in 1832, at what was called a circular fox hunt. The territory within the limits of the circle embraced the whole township. The last bear was killed by Samuel Russell. BELMONT. This was the first village laid off in the township. Joseph Wright came from Dublin, Ireland, and settled where Belmont now stands in 1802, and in 1808 laid out a town, on the same plan as his native city—Dublin. The town plat was recorded by Sterling Johnston, in book B. page 288, August 8, 1808. Here was, perhaps, the first church organization in the. township, "The Friends' Church." The deed for their lot and grave yard is dated March 16, 1808, and here was built the first school house in the township. It was a cabin house, and Joseph Wright, who commenced a school in May, 1807, was the first teacher. The first store was owned by Nathan Pusey, on lot 45. It was a hewed log house, one and one-half stories high, and was used as a dwelling house as well as a store room, The building still stands, and is occupied as a dwelling by the Misses Lowry. The first death was that of Mrs. Hannah Wright, wife of Joseph Wright who died May 25, 1805, and was buried at Plainfield. Joseph Wright was the first post master, his commission bearing date March 25, 1818. The first burial, in the Friends' burying ground, was Mary Tompkins, in 1817. The first school house in Belmont was a cabin (round logs); 404 - HISTORY OF BELMONT AND JEFFERSON COUNTIES. the second a hewed log house; the third a frame, built about 1836; the fourth a brick, built in 1861; the fifth a brick also, and built in 1875, and now in use. The Baltimore and Ohio railroad passes through the village. Belmont contains two dry goods stores, two grocery stores, one drug store, three hotels, two blacksmith shops, one tin and hardware store, one sale stable for horses, and two churches, the M. P. church and the M. E. church, and contains a population of about 350 inhabitants. FAIRMOUNT-BURR'S MILLS. This village lies on the Baltimore and Ohio railroad, about two miles west of Belmont and six miles east of Barnesville. It is at or near the highest point on the line of the railroad between Wheeling and Zanesville, being about 483 feet above the former place, and 600 feet higher than the latter. When the railroad company located their road in 1852, Merrick S. Burr put up a saw mill, and the company made a station here and called it Burr's Mills, in honor of the proprietor of the saw mill. Afterward, in 1855, Mr. Burr laid off' a village, which he called Fairmount, from its high and beautiful location. Previously to this, there was a store kept about two miles south, near Bethesda church, and a postoffice, named after the church. William Patterson was proprietor of the store and the postmaster. After the village was laid off, Mr. Patterson, in 1854, removed his store to it, and by common consent the postoffice was also removed, but retained its name of Bethesda. Thus the name proper of the village is Fairmount, the railroad station Burr's Mills, and the postoffice Bethesda. The place is, however, more generally known as Burr's Mills. In 1855, Messrs. McNicholls, Frost and Martin built a steam flouring mill which is still in successful operation, but now owned by Edward Combs. Just north of, and adjoining the village, is a beautiful grove of 18 acres of land, belonging to the M. E. Church, set apart and used as a campmeeting ground. These premises have forty or fifty neat little cottages built on them for the use of those attending. They are also well supplied with ample quantities of pure, clear water, that flows from never failing springs on the grounds. The premises are within five hundred yards of the station, and well adapted to the purposes for which they are used, and are capable of accommodating ten or twelve thousand people. Campmeetings are held here yearly. This society has near their grounds a neat frame church edifice, in which they hold regular worship. It is called Shirer Church, in honor of Rev. John Shirer, an esteemed minister, who once served the congregation as their pastor. The village school house, a good brick structure stands near this church. The population of the village is about 150. There are two dry goods stores, two grocery stores, two blacksmith shops, a steam flouring mill, two hotels, one church, two doctors, and a lodge of Sons and Daughters of Temperance, and a good district school graded in three departments in winter, and two in summer. THE FRIENDS. These pious people were quite numerous in this township in early times, and they had several meeting houses, where worship was regularly held, but their numbers have been so thined out by removals and deaths, that their organizations have ceased, and their meeting houses are abandoned and torn away. There are, however, a number of families of that faith still remaining, but they have united with other churches of their faith outside of Goshen township. In fact, the first church organized within the township, was probably the Friends Church at Belmont. Their deed for a lot for a meeting house and grave yard was executed March 16, 1808, and it appears they met for worship at the school house previous to this time. In the earlier days of the township the Society of Friends, seems to have had two churches within its limits—one at the village of Belmont, called the Belmont church, the other in the southwestern part of the township, called the Center church. The church at Belmont held their first meetings there, in the log school house, till about 1808 or 1809, when they built them- selves a brick church, in which they continued to meet for worship till about 1828 or 1829, when occurred the great schism, brought about by the preaching of Elias Hicks, that rent asunder the Society of Friends throughout the land, from which sprang up two parties, called Hicksites and Orthodox. The Belmont church also had its division of Hicksites and Orthodox ; the Hicksites being in the majority, held the property. The Orthodox party then built a log church on the waters of McMahon's creek, about a mile and a half northeast of the village, in which they held regular meetings for some years, but becoming scattered, their meetings ceased, and the organization and building were abandoned. The Hicksites continued regular worship in the brick building at the village for many years, till finally its members becoming weakened in numbers by removals and other causes, regular meetings were no longer held, and the organization was abandoned. The church building itself was sold and removed, and nothing now remains but the cemetery, which is still used as a burial place for the dead. The Center church shared a fate similar to the one at Belmont. It was divided into Hicksites and Orthodox parties. The Hicksites held the church building by superiority of numbers, and the Orthodox party built another church about three-fourths of a mile from the old one, where they held meetings for a while, but their organization finally ceased, and their meeting house, is now occupied by a private family. The original building held by the Hicksites was abandoned and torn away, and nothing remains but the cemetery, which is still used. EBENEZER BAPTIST CHURCH. Previous to 1832, the Baptist denomination had a church on the National road in Union township, called Stillwater. The members composing this church partly resided in Union and partly in Goshen township. Thomas Campbell, father of Alexander Campbell, had occasionally preached to the church, and probably paved the way for the introduction of the doctrine so ably and successfully inculcated by the son, and which culminated in the formation of the church known as the " Disciples." A division arose on these doctrines among the members of the Stillwater church, and upon the appearance of Alexander Campbell to preach a sermon in the church, a separation occurred; about one-half of the members favoring the doctrine preached by Campbell ; the other half adhering to the old Baptist faith. These differences appearing irreconcilable, some division of the common church property became necessary, and to effect this object, the Disciples proposed to the opposite party to give or take a certain sum of money for the church building. The adhering Baptists chose to take, and were thus left without a place of worship. A part of their members living in the neighborhood of Rockhill and the other part in the northwest part of Goshen township, it was mutually agreed for the convenience of the remaining members, to organize two new churches from the dismembered half of the old Stillwater church, still adhering to the Baptist faith. A new church was organized at Rockhill, for the accommodation of that portion of the members residing in that neighborhood, and another church was organized in the neighborhood of the members residing in Goshen township, which was called Ebenezer church, and in 1833 a hewed log house was built for a church, Thomas Atwell taking the contract for building it at eighty-five dollars. This church seems to have been formally organized and dedicated December 5, 1835, and the dedication sermon was preached by Elder Hugh .Broom. There were present on the occasion, Elders William R. McGowan, William Stone and C. Skinner. It appears from the church records that the following were the original members composing the church at its organization, to-wit: Hugh Rogers, William Livingston, Rebecca McGeath, John Williams, Landon Heskitt, Eli McKnight, Olivia McKnight, Rebecca Conrow, John Gray, Nancy Atwell, John Skinner (now an elder at Adamsville), Martha Skinner, Sarah Faris, Peter Gray, Sarah Gray and Ury Turner. The following ministers have officiated as pastors : Rev. W. R. McGowan served from 1835 to 1839 ; Rev. R. H. Sedgwick, 1840; Rev. William. Storrs, 1841 ; Rev. T. M. Erwin, 1842-49 ; Rev. W. R. McGowan, 1849 ; Rev. G. Cyrus Sedgwick, 1850-55 : Rev. W. R. Mayberry, 1856 to 1858 ; Rev. B. Y. Seigfried, 1859; Rev. S. Seigfried, 1860 to 1864; Rev. W. R. Mayberry, 1865. In 1866, the church had no regular pastor. In 1867, the Rev. W. H. McKinney bad the pastoral charge, and then the Rev. D. Seeman served from 1868 to 1871 ; Rev. C. H. Gunter, from 1872 to 1873 ; Rev. J. S. Covert, from 1874 to 1875 ; Rev. F. Hodden, 1877. Since 1877, there has been no regular pastor, though the church organization is kept up. In 1853, the old log house was replaced by a neat frame building. HISTORY OF BELMONT AND JEFFERSON COUNTIES - 405 METHODIST PROTESTANT CHURCH, BELMONT. But very few facts could be gathered in regard to the history of this church. The only items to be gathered from the members, was that the church was a frame building, erected in 1838, and that the society held worship in the school house previous to the building of the church. HURDLE METHODIST CHURCH. This was one of the earliest church organizations in the township—some think the first. A hewed log house was built and a church organized about 1809 or 10. Rev. James B. Findly preached the dedication sermon, and preached There for several years as he traveled on his circuit,. which extended from Zanesville to the Ohio river. Among the original members were John Hurdle, Jeremiah Harris, Ephraim Thomas, John; Barnburg and Wesley Ellis, who was a local preacher. This was always known by the name of the "Hurdle meeting house " because it was built on the land of John Hurdle. This building was used as a church, till it was no longer suitable for the purpose, and in 1832 a new brick house was erected at what is now Burton's station, about a mile west of the old one. Rev. James Taylor preached the dedication sermon in 1832 or 33. This was known as Goshen church. The regular church organization was kept up till' about 1860, when meetings ceased to be held and the church dissolved, but the property is still owned by the M., E. society. BELMONT M. E. CHURCH. This church was. organized in May, 1868, by the Rev. Josiah Dillon, of the Pittsburgh Conference of the Methodist. Episcopal church. The following persons constituted the first class, formed at the time ; Alonzo P. Miller, Elizabeth. R.. Miller, Jacob Mays, Eliza Mays, Jane Calhoon, Sarah A. Schooley, Mar- garet Mays, Margaret Dillon, Alice Wright, Claretta Miller, Emma L. Miller and Nancy Lowery. The following year a house of worship was erected, costing $3,210. It was dedicated by Rev. J. A. Pearce preaching in the forenoon, and the Rev. J. S. Braskin in the afternoon, assisted by Rev. Josiah Dillon, pastor. During said meetings a subscription of $1,029.70 was raised to free the church from debt. The pastors who have had charge of the church since its organization to the present time, are in order as follows: Rev. F. J.' Swaney, Rev. John E. Hollister, Rev. J. R. Cooper, Rev. A. G. Robb, Rev. S. Cummins, Rev. L. H. Baker and Rev. W. Darby, with junior preacher, Rev. Umpleby, who are now (1879) in charge. The trustees were A. P. Miller, J. Mays, J. D. Mays, William A. Dowdell, S. T. Beans, J. A. Grove, J. B. Hollingsworth, T. E. McKisson and David Perry. The building committee was A. P. Miller, Jacob Mays, J. A. Grove, J. B. Hollingsworth and J. D. Mays. BETHESDA M. E. CHURCH About the year 1834 or 1835, the M. E. Society organized a church about one and a half miles south of where Burr's Mills now stands and built a frame church building and called it Bethesda, and the Rev. R. Merrimon preached the dedication sermon. This edifice they used till about 1860, when they built a new frame church at Burr's Mills, just north of the village and. adjoining their campmeeting grounds. This new church they named Shirer Chapel in honor of the Rev. John Shirer, an esteemed minister, who had preached for them. This new church was dedicated November 8, 1860, the Rev. John Moffat preached the dedication sermon. The following ministers have officiated as pastors since its organization : Rev. S. Y. Kennedy and Rev. D. M. Hollister had charge in 1861—then Rev. George McKee, Gideon Martin, R, Hamilton, Josiah Dillon, F. J. Swaney, John Hollister, A. G. Robb, J. S. Cummings, L. H. taker, have successively served as pastors of the church down to the present time, 1879, which finds Rev. W. D. Starkey in charge. The present membership numbers 82. The cost of this building was $640. The old Bethesda building was sold to John Heskett, at public sale, and the proceeds applied to the payment of indebtedness for building Shirer chapel. BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCHES. JESSE BAILEY.—The parents of ale subject of this sketch, removed from Sussex county, Virginia, and settled in Warren township, Belmont county, in 1811, where their son Jesse was born, January 1, 1815, and grew up to manhood under the care of his parents. He married Miss Asenath Patterson, on the 29th day of March, 1837, and in 1849 removed to Goshen township, where he has resided ever since. ,He had seven children, four sons and three daughters, Silas; John, Lindley, Rachel, Allen, Mary Jane and Sarah Elizabeth. The daughters are all dead ; the sons survive; three of them are married and live in the neighborhood, and are farmers. Allen*, the youngest son, still resides with his parents. These aged parents are both members of the Society of Friends, and by their kind, unaffected simplicity of manners, and goodness of heart, adorn the church to which they belong. They are Models of the ideal character of these people. Mrs. Bailey's sympathies, in common with those of her sect from the days of William Penn, are in behalf of the poor Indian, who has suffered, so many and such grievous wrongs from the white man.. Mr. Bailey, as has been the case with most of the Friends, has always been opposed to slavery. He is a mild, but steadfast Republican, voting that way from principle and conscientious conviction of duty. He owns a farm and is comfortably situated; both himself and wife are very intelligent, and perfectly versed in the theology of their church. Mrs. Bailey is an authorized and acknowledged minister by the society of Friends. JACOB YOCUM was born in Berks county, Pa., Dec. 12, 1802. Came to Belmont county, in 1805, and to Goshen township in 1810, near where Burton's station now stands. There were but few settlers in the township then. He was married September 23, 1823, to Miss Lydia Wade, at the Quaker church at Somerton, according to the rules of the church. He lived with this wife nine or ten years when she died, leaving five children, three sons and two daughters, of who two have since deceased, one son and one daughter ; the other three still survive. He was married to his second wife, Miss Sarah Van Horn, June 11, 1833, and by her has had twelve children, six sons and six daughters. Of these twelve children, but five survive—three sons and two daughters. The three sons all served in the Union army and participated in many of the hard fought battles of that war. Mr. Yocum remained a member of the Quaker church till about 1828, when he withdrew from it. In 1835 he united with the Disciple church and engaged in its ministry. There being no church edifice to hold meetings in services were performed at the private residences of the members. He continued in this field of labor till the infirmities of age compelled him to relinquish it, and now in the evening of life, is enjoying the respect and confidence of all who know him. WILLIAM DOUDNA.—The parents of this gentleman emigrated from North Carolina to Belmont county in 1805, and settled near where Barnesville now stands, but which was then a dense forest; they had to cut a road from St. Clairsville, through the wild woods, to their new home. Their son, William, who is the subject of this sketch, was born in Warren township, May 6th, 1806, and grew up to manhood in that vicinity. In 1829 he was married to Miss Lydia Bailey, who died in 1869. After his first marriage he removed to Beaver township, Guernsey county ; engaged in farming till about 1851 ; then removed to Goshen township, and bought land on which he has since continued to reside. Mr. Doudna married for his second wife, Sarah Ann Smith. He is a well read man and posted in the literature of ancient and modern times—an honest, upright man, and is a member of the society of Friend's. By .his first *life he had eight children—four sons—Joseph, George, Elisha, and Benjamin ; and four daughters—Mary, Anna, Hetty, and Lydia Jane —all of whom grew to years of maturity, and all married, but Mary and Anna and Elisha, and have since deceased. Joseph is engaged in farming, George and Benjamin are engaged in manufacturing machinery at Dayton, Ohio. Lydia Jane married William Osborn, who is engaged in gold mining in Central America, and Hetty is married and lives near Dayton, Ohio. JOHN WHITE was born in Loudon county, Virginia, in February, 1812; carne with his father's family to Belmont county in November, 1817 ; has resided in Goshen township ever since, except two years in Barnesville. He has all his life been identified with the interests of the township and taken a lively concern in whatever pertained its progress and advancement. Mr. 406 - HISTORY OF BELMONT AND JEFFERSON COUNTIES. White's character can be judged by the confidence reposed in his integrity by his fellow-citizens, who have elected him four times to the office of Justice of the Peace, besides other township offices, such as Trustee, &c. Mr. White is tolerant in his religious and political opinions. He has never married. J. A. HUTCHISON was born in Washington county, Pa., January 4, 1819, and came with his parents at an early age to Belmont county. When about twenty-two years of age, he went to Jefferson county and engaged in the tanning business at Tiltonville, on the Ohio river. He was married Dec. 11, 1845, to Miss Jane Cochran, and raised two sons, both of whom grew up to manhood, but are now deceased. He carried on the tanning business till about 1863, when he removed to Goshen township, and bought a farm, where he has since resided. He is a groat reader of books, and well versed in history, and is a member of the United Presbyterian church. WILLIAM A. DOWDELL.—The subject of this sketch was born in Loudon county, Va., August 9, 1808, where he resided till 1832, receiving a good common school education. In that year he emigrated to Belmont county, and settled on a farm a mile and a half west of Morristown. In December, 1834, he married Miss Rebecca Taylor, daughter of Noble Taylor, Esq., a pioneer who came to Belmont county in 1881. His wife' died in 1871. He has four children,• two sons and two daughters. The sons live in Belmont county; one daughter is in Missouri, and the other died a few years since. He married a second wife, Artemissa Burns, in November, 1872. In his earlier years he taught school, and after his marriage taught in winter and farmed in summer. He united himself to the M. E. Church in Loudon county, Va., September 30, 1832, and afterwards engaged in the ministry of that church, and is still recognized as such. His eyesight, which was always weak, gradually failed, and for the last eighteen years he has been unable to read. Devotedly attached ;o the principles of human rights, he was an anti-slavery man from conviction, and in 1836, fully identified himself with the great anti-slavery movement that finally convulsed the nation and overthrew the institution. Mr. D. has always been prompt and decided in his ideas of truth, of justice and of right, and never flinched in expressing them on all proper occasions, and although he may occasionally in the heat of a discussion have engendered bitter feelings in an opponent, yet when the impulses of the moment had given way to the cooler judgment of his adversary, all feelings of anger have given place to a respect for the sterling integrity and honest sincerity of Mr. Dowdell. Although far past the meridian of life, he is still as active in mind and body as ever, and takes a lively interest in all that pertains to the welfare of his county and to the common good of his fellow man. MRS. ELIZABETH WELCH.—John Barry, the father of this excellent and esteemed lady, was born. in Loudon county, Va., where he married Miss Catharine Horner, and removed to near St. Clairsville, where the subject of this sketch was born, September 16, 1802. She married, November 19, 1820, John Carter, who died May 12, 1826, aged forty-six years, eight months and three days. By this marriage she had one child, a daughter, named Mary Ann, who was born October 14,1822, and was married November 21, 1839, to Benjamin Wilson, who died August 6, 1857. Airs Carter married, for a second husband, James Welch, November 18, 1828, who died December 18, 1833, leaving no children. The subject of this sketch united with the Disciples church at Beallsville in 1829, of which she has been a steadfast and devoted member ever since, and now lives near Burr's Mills with her widowed daughter, enjoying the kindest respects of the entire community. JOSEPH MCNICHOLS.—Nathaniel and Martha McNichols, parents of Joseph McNichols, emigrated from Frederick county, Va., October 18, 1807, and settled on land south of Burr's Mills, part of which is now within the limits of the village. Their. son Joseph was born on this farm, August 6, 1808. The father died when the son was only five years old. Here Mr. McNichols grew to years of manhood and helped clear up the farm. He was married in May, 1833, to Miss Charity Newsom, who died in October, 1860. Ile married for a second wife, Miss Adelaide Hollingsworth, February 8, 1862, who still survives. Mr. McNichols followed gunsmithing twenty-six years of his life, then purchased a farm, on which he has since lived. He has always lived a peaceful, quiet life—never served on a jury in a county court, nor never gave evidence in any court, in all his life neither has he ever failed to pay promptly any debt as promised—or failed in a promise for work, or anything else in the whole course of his life. As a recompense for his prompt. ness and punctuality in his business transactions through life, he is blessed with an abundance of this world's goods, which now in the evening of life he is quietly and peacefully enjoying with the confidence of an entire community. WILLIAM DAVIS.—The subject of this sketch was born December 25, 1815, near Dublin, Ireland, and was brought by his parents to America when about one year old. They lived in Wheeling and St. Clairsville about eighteen months. From this last place they removed, in 1818, to Goshen township and settled near little Captina creek, where Mr. D. resided till about 1862, when he removed to his present residence, near Burr's Mills. He owns a farm of 143 acres, all cultivated but nine acres. He has a beautiful dwelling-house and all the necessary farm buildings, and now in his old age, is enjoying the comforts obtained by an industrious and well spent life. He is a quiet, honest, good man, respected by all who know him. He was married December 28, 1837, to Miss Julia Hunt. This excellent lady, in her younger days, used to card and spin wool and flax and manufacture them for family use. She made the thread buttons of the early times, and yet has in her house many articles of these early manufactured goods, among them a coverlet made more than one hundred years ago by her grandmother, Mrs. Lydia Cravens, of Loudon county, Va. GEORGE N. BURNS was born in Loudon county, Va., January 5, 1804. His parents, Ignatus and Bethsheba, came to Goshen township, Belmont county, in 1807, and settled about one mile southwest of where the village of Belmont now stands.. The country was almost an unbroken wilderness and little George had to take hold of the work as' soon as he could lift a twig of brush. George grew up to manhood with his parents, and in 1829, he married Miss Eliza McFarland. He has seven children who have grown to years of maturity, three sons and four daughters : Lemuel, Thomas William, George Bentley, Bethsheba Jane, Elizabeth Ann, Lydia Louisa and Mary Viola. Two of the sons, Thomas William and Lemuel, served in the Union army during the rebellion. Thomas William died of disease in Kentucky. Lemuel served till the close of the war, and participated in many of the hard fought battles, such as Pittsburgh Landing, Atlanta, &c. He went with Sherman on his memorable " march to the sea." Of the daughters, three are married. Bethsheba and Elizabeth Ann live in Minnesota, and Lydia Louisa lives in Belmont county. Now in the evening of life, Mr. Burns is living in ease and comfort, enjoying the competency secured by a well spent, industrious life, He is an intelligent man, with mind unimpaired by age, and respected by all who know him. SOMERSET TOWNSHIP. This township was taken from Wayne township, Belmont county, Ohio, and organized March 16, 1819. It is bounded on the north by Warren township, on the east by Wayne township, on the south by Monroe county, and on the west by Noble and Guernsey counties, Ohio. It contains thirty-six sections' and corresponds to town 7, range 6, of the government survey, and occupies the extreme southwest corner of Belmont county. TOPOGRAPHY. Somerset township occupies an elevated position and is drained on the east by Captina creek and on the west by Leatherwood and Beaver creeks. The surface is rolling and uneven, and in the western portion of the township, broken and hilly, yet susceptible of cultivation and productive. SETTLEMENT. Among the first permanent settlers .in Somerset township were Enoch Stanton, Borden Stanton, James Edgerton, Joseph Bishop, Homer Gibbons, Samuel Williams and Richard English. A few squatters had previously erected cabins along the Captina, but bad not entered land or made any permanent settlement. The exact date of the first settlement cannot now be ascertained, but occurred some time between 1809 and 1814. HISTORY OF BELMONT AND JEFFERSON COUNTIES - 407 IMPROVEMENTS. The first grist mill was built on Captina creek near the 'village of Somerton, in 1820, by Jonathan Bogue, which was run by water power. In 1837 Jacob Yocum and Joseph Miller purchased the property, and in 1841 they built a new mill and substituted steam power for water. This mill is still running, and is owned by Eli Yocum and John Burcher who are doing a good business. There was also a small mill built about half a mile higher up the stream by Abraham Packer, in 1822, which was rebuilt in 1860 by Thomas Smith. There was also a hand mill, built by Joseph Davis which served as a dernier resort in dry weather. The first school house was built at Somerton, in 1820, in the style of architecture in vogue at that day, i. e., round log walls, clapboard roof, puncheon floor, and stick chimney. The first church in the township was also built at Somerton, by the Friends; society (See History of Churches elsewhere). Samuel Gitchell kept the first general variety store in a building about. 10x12 feet square; failed in business and was succeeded by M. P. Miles, father of R. C. Miles, merchant of Somerton. VILLAGES. Somerton, the principal village in Somerset township, was laid out by Borden Stanton, about the year 1818. The first house in the village was built by Moses Davis, and the next by Richard Andrews, who was the first postmaster. The mail was then carried from St. Clairsville to Woodsfield, Monroe county, once a week, afterwards from Fairview, Guernsey county, Ohio, via Somerton to Woodsfield, twice a week, which was deemed at that time the height of perfection in mail matters. The first hotel was kept by John Bruce ; the first blacksmith shop by Moses Davis; the first drug store by Dr. William Schooley, who was also the first practicing physician. The institutions of Somerton at present consist of the following : Three churches—Methodist Episcopal, Presbyterian and Friends ; two dry goods stores—Solomon .Logue and B C. Miles; one post office—T. T. McCullough ; one drug store—Dr. Addison Schooley ; two groceries—Israel Palmer and T. T. McCullough ; one hotel—J. S. Simeral one cigar shop—J. D. Jackson two millinery stores—Mrs. Palmer and Misses Bromhall and Stanton ; two wagon shops—J. S. Simeral and Philip Keremer ; two blacksmith shops—Enos Waters and Brice Philips ; two physicians—Dr. A. .Schooley and A. G. McCullough; one cabinet shop—William Stanton; one shoe shop—O. T. Severns, THE BELMONT BANK OF SOMERTON. Was organized Jan. 25th, 1875, with a capital stock of $50,000. E. J. Hoge, Cashier. Directors, R. C, Miles, Solomon Hogue, Hiram Whitacre, Samuel Starbuck, A, Andrews, Isaac Hatcher and E. J: Hoge, does a general banking business. BOSTON. In 1833 Mordecai Harper bought the land on which the present village of Boston stands, and in 1834 laid out the town-. The first house was built by Joseph McMullen, but is-not now standing ; the second was built by David White, and is now occupied by David Scott. The first store was kept by Amos Ridgeway, in 1835. The first church was built by the Christians in 1830, and in 1852 they built a new church. The first Methodist Episcopal church was built in 1844-a frame building 26x32, and in 1876 they built a new one 30x40, a brick structure. There are at present in the village, 2 churches, Methodist and Christian ; 1 store (general merchandise), G. R. Atkinson; 1 post office, David Scott, .P. M.; 1 hotel, Joseph Clark ; 2 blacksmith shops, Isaac Van Meter and David Scott ; 3 shoe shops, Lloyd 'Bishop, D. Scott and Chappel & Johns ; 1 physician, P. F. Sharp, M. D. and 1 Justice of the Peace, G. R. Atkinson. TEMPERANCEVILLE. Is a small village on the western border of Somerset township, on the headwaters of Beaver creek. It was laid out by Robert Gallagher, who was a " temperance man" and thought to perpetuate his principles by naming the new town Temperanceville. In 1837 he built a grist mill with two run of buhrs, which was burnt down in 1840, and immediately rebuilt and steam power attached. Mr. Gallagher owned this mill until 1878 when it was bought by Jonathan Downs. Gallagher Bros. also kept a store from 1840 until 1849, since which time there has been no store in the town. The village at present consists of one post office, Peter Myers, P. M.; 1 grocery store kept by George Armbruster ; 2 blacksmith shops kept by Xavier Lagler and Wm. Armbruster ; 1 wagon shop kept by Leo Pickery, and 1 shoe shop kept by Celestine Deveiln, together with the usual proportion of dwelling houses. PRODUCTS. The staple crops were corn, wheat and flax until about 1825, when the cultivation of tobacco was introduced, and farmers finding that they could realize more money from an acre of tobacco than any other crop, gradually substituted tobacco raising for other less lucrative employments, until it has become the business of the locality. The average crop per acre for the last ten years in Somerset township has been about 1,000 pounds, and the average total crop for the same time, about 700,000 pounds. Sheep are also raised to some extent. (one merchant shipping annually about 25,000 pounds of wool,) but this branch of industry is much neglected, considering the fact that the topography, soil and climate of the township are especially adapted to wool growing. RELIGIOUS HISTORY. The first religious services wore held in Somerton, March 28, 1818, by the society of Friends, and the first Monthly meeting was held in April of the same year. Isaac Stahl was appointed Overseer at that meeting and John Middleton was recommended for minister, which was approved. At one time the society was large and influential, but from various causes it has become reduced. Their meeting house—a plain building—stands in the southern part of the village. THE PRESBYTERIAN CHURCH OF SOMERTON Was organized June 28, 1868, and consisted of eleven persons, as follows : A. G. McCullough, wife and daughter, G. W. Shepherd, Rebecca Miles, Emily Finley, Alcinda Hultz, Lucy Williams, Catharine Benton, Stephen H. Brown and Keziah Brown. A. G. McCullough and G, W. Shepherd were appointed elders. Rev. T. R. Crawford, minister. In 1869, the membership rose to forty, and in 1870, a church was built and dedicated November 20, 1870, Rev. Cross, of Wheeling, W. Va., officiating. At the present time (May, 1879,) the congregation is small and without a pastor. ST. FRANCIS CHURCH (CATHOLIC). In 1818, Edward Gallagher settled in Beaver township (then) Guernsey county, Ohio, and being a very devoted Catholic he early conceived the project of establishing a society in that vicinity and bent all his energies to the accomplishment of his purpose, and it was mainly through his instrumentality that the church was organized, which at first consisted of but four families, viz ; Gallaher's, Jeffries', DeLong's and McConagly;s. Mr. Gallagher gave the necessary land and assisted in the erection of the first church, a log building, which was erected in 1822, and called St. Dominic's church. In 1854, a larger building was erected of brick, in which the congregation still worship. The first officiating priest was Father Dominic, since which time Fathers Young, Murphy, Reed, Blumer, Jacquet, O;Brien, Daley, Meagher, Pilgar, Laffin and Hawes, have at different times been in charge. Father Heery is the present incumbent and ministers to the spiritual wants of his parishioners, who reside principally in and around Temperanceville, Belmont county, O. The congregation at the present time numbers about two hundred communicants. PLEASANT RIDGE METHODIST EPISCOPAL CHURCH. This church is located on the western side of Wayne township, in Somerton Circuit. The first preaching was at the house of S. Pool, by the Rev. P. McGowan, about 1825. The first class was organized in 1826, at the house of S. Pool, with Joseph Wadsworth as leader. The following persons were members of 408 - HISTORY OF BELMONT AND JEFFERSON COUNTIES. the class, viz : S. Pool and wife, Neman and wife, J. Wadsworth and sister, C. Morrow and.Polly Pool. The society met for a time in the old Captina meeting house, a log building purchased from the society of Friends. From this they removed to the school house and in 1853, the present building—a frame 30x40 feet—was erected. The class now numbers 186 members, with A. Cole, Sr., and S. Berry as leaders. The preachers in charge were McGowan, Armstrong, Cook, McLary, Battelle, Winstanly, Green, Shirer, Archibald, Morrison, Petty, Miner, Woolf, Shirer, Flowers, Merriman„ White, Worthington, Hamilton, Edmonds, McCue, Coen, Lane, McCormick, Harris, Cartwright, Ellison, Vertican, Ingrain, Weaver, and the present pastor, A. G. Robb. BOSTON METHODIST EPISCOPAL CHURCH Is located in the village of Boston, Somerset township, Belmont county, 0. The first Methodist sermon was preached at the house of Israel Taylor, by Rev. R. Boyd, of the Pittsburgh Conference, about 1834. The first class was organized in 1836, of which the following persons were members, viz: Israel Taylor and wife, U. McMullen and wife, William McIlfresh and wife and the Custar family. The first church, a frame building, 26x32 feet, was erected in 1843.. Before the erection of a church building the class met at the residence of Israel Taylor, afterwards at McMullen;s and. Porter's. Israel Taylor was the class leader. The present church building is of brick, 30x40 feet, erected in 1876. The society numbers 88 members. Preacher in charger Rev. A. G. Robb. Class leaders, Abel St. Autland and E. G. Porter. This appointment was formerly a a part of Morristown circuit, afterwards of Barnesville, but now forms part of Somerton circuit. Tho following ministers have served the charge: Boyd, Best, Woolf, Taylor, Worthington, Hamilton, Edmunds, McCue, .Coen, Lane, McCormick, Harris, Ellison, Vertican, Ingram, Weaver and Robb. SOMERTON METHODIST EPISCOPAL CHURCH. Is situated in the village of Somerton. The first Methodist sermon was preached by Rev. Philip Darby, at the residence of Mr. John Koontz, about the year 1831. The first class was organized at that time with John 'Koontz as class leader. The class met regularly at Mr. Koontz's house until a church was built. John Koontz and wife, Joseph Miller and wife, Mr. Yocum and wife, and Mrs. Davenport were members of the first class. The first church, a brick structure, 30x36 feet, was built in 1834. The present church is also a brick structure, 38x56, and was erected in 1872. Since this society was organized it has been under the charge of the following ministers : Revs. Bradshaw, Armstrong, Battelle, Winstanly, Green, Archibald, Morrison, Cook, Petty, Minor, Woolf, Merriman, White, Shirer, Flowers, Worthington, Hamilton, Edmonds, McCue, Coen, Lane, McCormick, Harris, Cartwright, Ellison, Vertican, Ingram, Weaver and the present pastor, Rev. A. G. Robb. This appointment formerly belonged to Woodsfield circuit, afterwards to Barnesville until in the year 1866, when Somerton circuit was organized. UNION METHODIST EPISCOPAL CHURCH Is situated in the northern part of Somerset township, Belmont county, Ohio. Rev. McGee is supposed to have preached the first sermon. The first class was organized in 1821, at the house of John Callous, who was leader. Mr. Caliens and wife, Mrs. Evans, L. Neptune, S. Hart, Betsy Evans and sister, W. Slicks, Mr. Clark and wife and John Day and wife were members of the first class. The present church was built in 1845, and is a frame structure 24x30 feet. Previous to the building of the church, the society worshiped in an old workshop. The preachers in charge were as follows: McGee, McGowan, Armstrong, Cook, Winstanly, Green, Battelle, McLary, Shirer, Archibald, Morrison, Petty, Mi nor, Woolf, Flowers, Worthington, Merriman, White, Hamilton, Edmonds, McCue, Coen, Lane, McCormick, Harris, Cartwright, Ellison, Vertican, Ingram, Weaver, andthe present pastor, Rev. A. G. Robb. The present number of members is twenty-seven, and John Day is class leader. HARMONY M. E. CHURCH. The date of the formation of the first class at this place, was in the year 1822. It was formed by Richard Armstrong, the following persons being members : Lemuel Fordyce and wife, Abel. Barnes and wife, Joel Thomas and wife, Huling Ball and family, Jacob. Ball and Thomas Ball. Lemuel Fordyce, leader. The first class met and preaching was beard at the house of William. Castor. The first church building was a small log structure and stood where the grave yard is now located. It was built in 1826, and Pardon Crook was pastor. The present building—a frame structure, 36x16 feet, was raised August 3, 1850. The present class leaders are James Riggs, Samuel Wharton and James Barze. Preacher in charge M. J. Slutz. There are at present, (1879,) 105 members. FIRST CAMP MEETING OF COLORED CITIZENS. The first camp meeting of colored folks held in Belmont county was about the year 1825. It was held in Somerset township on the head waters of Captina creek, close to the present meeting house of the A. M. E. Captina Church. The colored people of that locality, in numbers then held about the same proportion to the whites that they now do, but they had no Church house. That camp meeting was originated and controlled by the colored Methodists of the neighborhood. BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCHES. WILLIAM SCHOOLEY, M. D., was born July 24, 1794, at Sandy Springs; Maryland. When quite small his parents moved to Loudon county, Va., where he received the best education the place afforded. His parents were Friends and young William was reared strictly in that faith. In 1815 be left Virginia and came to Belmont, Belmont county, Ohio, and engaged in teaching school at that place, which he continued eight years. In the meantime, April 23, 1818, he married Agnes Dillon, of Belmont, and in 1823 commenced preaching in the Friends' meetings. About the same time, Jan. 1823, he began the study of medicine which be continued for three years. He located at Somerton in 18126, and commenced the practice of medicine. in the year 1828 there arose a division in the society of Friends and William Schooley joined his fortunes with the body known as " Hicksites." Dr. Schooley continued to practice medicine and preach equally acceptable to his patrons and brethren until the 11th day of September, 1860, when he died, having exercised an influence for good on society not easily effaced. His children are named as follows : Clarkson, Lindley, Addison and Mary. Amongst the physicians who have studied medicine with Dr. Schooley were Drs. Strahl, Dillon, Waters, Berry, McNichols, Sharp, Plumley, Steele, Wilson, Sawyer, Stanton, Sweeney; Hodgin, and his three sons. ADDISON SCHOOLEY, M. D., was born May, 21, 1827, at Somerton, Belmont county, Ohio. Went to school at Lloydsville, Ohio, under the superintendence of Prof. Boyd. In December, 1848, commenced teaching school at Somerton. Studied medicine with his father, Dr. William Schooley, and, commenced to practice with his father in 1852. At his father's death Addison succeeded to his practice which be has continued ever since. June 23, 1852, Dr. Schooley married Sarah C. Webster, of Jefferson county, Ohio, and to them were born seven children : Minerva, May A., Charles I., Rosa B., George W., Clarkson R. and Guy. A. G. MCCOLLOUGH, M. D. son of Alexander McCollough, was born November 3, 1824, at Now Athens, Harrison county, Ohio, and moved to Beallsville, Monroe county, Ohio, in 1850, where be studied medicine under his brother, J. G. McCollough. He practiced medicine at Newcastle, Ohio, three years, and in 1859 moved to Somerton, Belmont county, where there were already four physicians, and commenced fhe practice of medicine. Sac-MSS attended his efforts, and to-day he has a well established practice, sharing the honors equally with Dr. Schooley, the only other physician at present in the place. Dr. McCollough was married December 7, 1868, to Evaline Tomlinson, daughter of Thomas Tomlinson, of Cadiz Junction, Ohio. Has three children : T. T. McCollough, born February 10, 1851, now post master at Somerton, Ohio. Louie J., now Mrs. Miller, of Newark, Ohio, and Lena McCollough. HISTORY OF BELMONT AND JEFFERSON COUNTIES - 409 REV. A. G. ROBB, son of John Robb, of Powhattan. Belmont county, Ohio, was born January 10, 1848. Commenced teaching school in 1864, and taught until 1872. Atfended Gallia Academy in 1869, and was licensed to preach in the Methodist Episcopal Church, January 6, 1871.. Was married September 1, 1870, to Mary McGaughey, daughter of James McGaughey, of Belmont county, Ohio. Has two children, Luella C. and Dora B. Robb. Mr. Robb is at present preaching on the Somerton circuit of the M. E. Church. SOLOMON. ROGUE, son of Samuel Hogue, of Loudon county, Virginia, was born February 28, 1821. In 1828 his father came to Ohio and located in Union township, Belmont county. Solomon remained at home till the age of nineteen, when he engaged as clerk in his brother's store at Lamp's Mill, in Goshen township. Here he remained until 1844, when he removed to Hocking county, Ohio, and engaged in merchandizing in company with John Meade. Returned to Lamp's Mill in 1845 to settle up his brother’s business, and the same fall bought an interest in the store of William Hove, in Somerton, and continued in partnership until 1853, when he purchased his brother;s interest. Mr. Hogue was married June 7, 1847, to Cornelia H. Koontz, daughter of Hon. John Koontz, of Somerton, Ohio, by whom he had two children, who died in their infancy. His wife died in August, 1850, and on January 20, 1852, he married Orilla E. Koontz, sister of his' first wife. To them were born six children, three of whom are now living, viz : Honoria Z., married to Charles Koll, of Salem, Ohio; Martha R. K. and Emma H. While continuing in business at Somerton, Mr. Hogue was also engaged in the dry goods and grocery business at Barnesville, in 1862 ; wholesale groceries in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, in 1863-4; and general merchandizing at Fairview, Guernsey county, Ohio, in 1865. In 1867 Mr. Hogue was nominated for the Legislature on the Republican ticket, but was beaten by his Democratic opponent. In 1879 he was again nominated for the same office, but was beaten by eight votes. He was elected county commissioner in 1874, and served three years with ability and integrity in that capacity. Mr. Hogue is still engaged in the general merchandise, tobacco and wool trade in Somerton, and does a business of forty or fifty thousand dollars annually. RICHARD C. MILES, on of Moses P. Miles, of Winchester, Virginia, who came to Ohio in 1832 and settled in Somerset township, attended Woodsfield Academy for six months, and then entered his father's store in Somerton as clerk. Married April 25, 1854, Louisa Bidenbam, daughter of Fred. Bidenham, of Malaga, Monroe county, Ohio. Having been for some years in partnership with his father, in 1861 Mr. Miles purchased his lather's interest and set up business for himself, in which he has been very successful. Does a general merchaudizing business also deals in tobacco and wool. Handles about 400 hogsheads of tobacco and 25,000 pounds of wool annually. Mr. Miles is regarded as one of the "solid men" of Somerton. P. F. SHARP, M. D., son of John Sharp, of Georgetown, Delaware, was born June 22, 1816. His father died in 1826, and his mother moved to Ohio in November, 1830, and settled near the town of Boston, Somerset township, Belmont county. During the year. 1840, he went to study medicine with Dr. William Schooley, at Somerton, where he remained four years, and in 1845 reviewed his studies with Dr. Afflick, of Bridgeport. Commenced practice at Clarington, in 1846, where he remained for a short time. The Doctor has practiced at various places, and speculated in land to a considerable extent, and finally settled in Boston, where he continues to cure the ills that. flesh is heir to, on the allopathic plan. lie was married to Patience Stock-house, October 26, 1839. HENRY WARRICK was born July 30, 1827. Married December 4, 1858, to Rhoda P. Varner. Has eight children, as follows: Laura A.. John A., Dempsey L., Henry A., Melissa E., Lindley T., William O. and Charles B. Warrick. Moved to his present location in 1846, and has followed farming ever since. WILLIAM STANTON—Enoch Stanton was one of the first setflers of Somerset township, locating near where the village of Somerton now stands, in the year 1814, and being a member of the Society of Friends be assisted in organizing the first church in that part of the country. His son, William Stanton, was born in 1816, and has lived all his life at Somerton. In the year 1837, be married Catharine .Thomas, with whom he lived happily fourteen. years, when she died, leaving him two boys. He 52—B. & J. Cos. was again married in 1853 fo Sarah Barr, who died in 1868. His third and present wife was a Mrs. Steele, daughfer of George Benton. At the age of thirty, Mr. Stanton learned the cabinet making trade with a Mr. Price, of Somerton, became a partner in the business, and afferwards bought Mr. Price's interest, and stilt carries on the business. One of his sons assisfs in the shop, and the other is bookkeeper for H. and F. Blandy, Zanesville, Ohio. OLIVER P. BARNES, son of Thos. H. Barnes of Somerset township, was born December 25, 1838. Early in 1861 he went to Barnesville, Ohio, with the intention of fitting himself for col- lege but the rebellion breaking out he enlisted in April, 1861, in in Company "B" 3d O. V. 1., under Col. I. H. Marrow and served under Gen. Geo. B. McClellan in West Virginia. Was in the battle of Rich Mountain and other engagements. From West Virginia he went to Kentucky. Was at "Bridgeport," "Perrysville," "Stone River" and other battles. Went south under Col. A. D. Straight, of Indiana, and participated in all the stirring scenes of that campaign. August 4, 1862, he was commissioned Second Lieutenant and in April, 1863, was promoted fo First Lieutenant. Was taken prisoner at Rome, Georgia, May 3, 1863, and committed to Libby prison at Richmond. Remained there one year and was then transferred to Camp Oglethorpe, near Macon, Georgia, where he remained about three months and was then removed to Charleston, South Carolina. to be "put under fire." The rebel authorities not daring to put this threat into execution, the Union prisoners were taken to Columbia, South Carolina, thence to Wilmington, North Carolina, where he was exchanged March 1, 1865. Returned to Ohio, March 25, and was married November 15, 1865, to Frances E. Cater, daughter of John Cater, of Somerset township, Belmont county, Ohio. To them were born children named as follows : Edwin F., Charles S., Oneaba and Abbey R. Mr. Barnes has a good farm and devotes himself to its cultivation. HENRY M. SCHMUESER, was born in Dresden, Muskingum county, Ohio, April 2, 1847. At the age of sixteen he inlisted in Company "K" 51st 0. V. I.. under Col. McLean, and served two years. Was in the following battles : Resaca, Altona, Rome, Atlanta, Jonesboro, Columbia, Franklin, Nashville and other smaller engagements. Was discharged in November, 1866. Returned to Ohio and learned the harness business which he followed three years. In 1875 he removed to Temperanceville, Belmont county Ohio, and worked at his trade two years. Married Mary Gallagher, May 7, 1873, and lives on a farm south of town. Follows farming in summer and harness making in winter. Has two children-Milton, born February 3, 1874, and Nicholas Schmueser, born July 16, 1875. W. H. HELPBRINGER, ESQ., was born November 18, 1832, at Winchester, Frederick county, Viriginia. Came to Ohio with his father in 1837 and located in Guernsey county. Commenced teaching at the age of eighteen and taught every -winter till the age of thirty-two, and worked at farming and carpentering in the summer time. Enlisted January 1, 1864, in Company "K" 62d 0. V. 1., Colonel Pond commanding. Discharged June 3, 1865. Married Ellen Taylor, April 30, 1857, and has five children living—Panola L., Lily J., Kate L., Fred. T. and Albert Helpbringer. Mr. H. is at present engaged in the insurance business, also works at the carpenter trade. Was commissioned justice of the peace in 1870, and still acts in that capacity. O. T. SEVERNS, son of John Severns, of Guernsey county, Ohio, was born September 10, 1847. Learned the shoemaker trade with William Ogier, remaining with him two and one-half years, and set up business for himself at Gottengin, Guernsey county, Ohio, in 1868, and removed to Somerton, Belmont county, in 1871, where he still carries on his business. Mr. Severns is a young man of intelligence and integrity and commands the esteem of his acquaintances. Is township clerk at present. CHRISTOPHER GALLAGHER was born in Chester county, Pennsylvania, in 1802, and came to Ohio with his faller, Edmund Gallagher, in 1818 and settled in Guernsey county. In 1826, Christopher married Mary DeLong, (daughter of Col. John De Long, who served in the war of 1812), and moved to Somerset township in Belmont county, Ohio. To them were born thirteen children, named Sarah Ann, John, Lydia, Robert, Thomas, Edmund, Elizabeth, Mary E., William, Angeline, Christopher and Martha Gallagher, Sarah and Angeline' are dead, the oth- 410 - HISTORY OR BELMONT AND JEFFERSON COUNTIES. ers are married. Christopher, Jr., lives on the old homestead, and takes care of his aged parents. Edmund Gallagher, grandfather of Christopher, Jr., died November 22, 1860; aged 89 years, and never saw a steamboat, railroad or telegraph line. JOHN WARRICK was born July 30, 1821, in Northampton county, North Carolina ; came to Ohio in 1826 and located in Warren township, Belmont county, on the property now occupied by Hosea Doudna. Married Ann Howie, daughter of David Howie, August 19, 1852. has seven children, Asa T., Cam T., John W., Ruth A., May F. D., Enfield, and .Minnie J. Caine to his present location in 1848. Has 107 acres of land. Occupation farmer. THOMAS ENGLISH, was the fifth son of Richard English, who emigrated from County Down, Ireland, in 1795, and located in Lancaster county, Pennsylvania ; moved to Mount Pleasant, Ohio, in 1803, and to Somerset township in 1809, where Thomas English was born, September 8, 1814. Mr. English occupies the old homestead, section 36, range 6, town. 7, and kept his father and mother during their lives (his father dying at the age of 82), when be married Lovina Fry, August 18, 1860. He has 175 acres of land and raises about ten hogsheads of tobacco an nually. JAMES WARRICK, son of Willis Warrick, of Virginia, was born April 7, 1818, and reared in Warren township, Belmont county, Ohio ; married April 11, 1840, to Eleanor Curry, daughter of George Curry, of Belmont County. Names of children : William H., born June 28, 1840; Robert, born January 17, 1842; John, born August 4, 1844; Shannon T., born August 30, 1845 ; Nancy J. born April 11, 1847 ; Leander, born August 22, 1849 ; George J., born February 24, 1851 ; Stanton B., and Mary E. born March 12, 1853 ; Jesse, born April 5, 1856. William A. and Mary E. are now dead. Mr. Warrick moved to Somerset township in March, 1849, where he engaged in tobacco raising. He owns 245 acres of land and markets about twelve hogsheads of tobacco annually. J. S. SIMERAL, son of J. J. Simeral, of Beallsville, Monroe county, Ohio, was born July 12, 1852. At the age of eighteen John S. went to learn the wagon making trade with John Allen, of Beallsville, where he remained two years ; then worked at journey work two years ; married Viola Hobbs March 13, 1873 ; had two children, Eloise, born October 28, 1874 ; died July 19, 1876 ; and Clayton Simeral, born July 15, 1877. In 1873 Mr. Simeral moved to Somerton and engaged in wagon making, and in 1879 opened a hotel, which business he still follows. HORACE O. OUTLAND, a son of Joseph and Phebe Outland, was born in Somerset township, August 15, 1853 ; received a common school education. In 1872 he began learning the blacksmith trade with Mr. William R. Moore, of Barnesville, with whom he worked for three years ; then worked one year with his uncle, Philip M. Thomas, of Warren township. He came to his present location in 1876, situated on the line of Warren and Somerset townships, three miles south of Barnesville, on the Somerton and Barnesville pike. February 27, 1879, be was married to Miss Sadie Starbuck. JOHN D. BAILEY was born in Somerset township, November 28, 1850. He is a son of Benjamin and Lucy Bailey ; was reared a farmer, and received a common school education ; married S. C. Herd, of Somerset township, November 23, 1873, They are the parents of three children, two living, Jenetta and Alonzo. He resides on the old farm where he was born and brought up. HISTORY OF WAYNE TOWNSHIP. ERECTION AND DESCRIPTION. On the 5th of March, 1811, Wayne township was erected from York, as follows : "Beginning on the south boundary on the township line at the corner between sections 24 and 30, in the fourth original surveyed township of the fourth range, thence north along the section line throughout the township; the election district on the east to retain the name of York, and that division on the west to be a new election district, known by the name of Wayne." The above boundary formed its original limits. In 1819 a change took place by the formation of Somerset being established from its western border. Again, in 1831, twelve sections were taken off the eastern side of Wayne, in connection with thirty from York, for the erection of Washington, leaving this township with the following boundary : Wayne forms a square of thirty-six sections, and lies in the southwestern portion of Belmont county; is bounded on the north by Goshen, on the east by Washington, south by Monroe county, and west by Somerset township. This township is watered by Captina creek and its numerous tributaries. The surface is quite hilly and rough in many places. The soil generally is fertile and productive. The products are wheat, corn, oats, tobacco, &c. The scenery along the meanderings of the well known Captina is rather beautiful and picturesque. SETTLEMENT. The first settlements made in this township were along the banks of the above mentioned stream. In 1798 George Hall migrated from Wilmington, Delaware, and settled in what is now Wayne township, on sections 10 and 16. Here he erected one of the first cabins that was built in the township. There were at this time no settlers near him, nave. a few hunters who roamed through the unbroken forests without any permanent habitations. The nearest market was Wheeling, a distance of thirty-five miles. One can scarcely imagine the inconveniences of travel over dim foot paths or narrow Indian trails, and the dan- gers attending early journeyings. Mr. Hall was a sailor, and soon accustomed himself to the hardships of pioneer life. Before he emigrated he was united in marriage to Miss Letitia Ingraham, in Philadelphia, Pa. She was a native of Ireland, and born in Belfast. Crossed the ocean in the vessel known as the "Irish Volunteer." It was said that she was the handsomest lady that took voyage from that city. Both lived and died in this township. Herman Umstead migrated from Chester county, Pennsylvania in 1800, and located in Wayne, where he resided until 1862. He died in Illinois in 1878. Among other early settlers were Houson, Moore, Mechen, Martin, Barretts, Skinners, Coons, Stanleys, Milhorns and Wood. HUNTERS. Benjamin Shepherd, Sr., and his two boys were very conspicuous as hunters in Wayne township during its early settlement. They killed as high as two and three bears and as many deer in a day. They also killed wolves, panthers, wild turkey and other smaller game. John Adams, who was with Wayne in the battle of the "Fallen Timbers," was also a noted hunter in this township. It was his coustom to weary blue hunting shirt, in pattern not unlike that of an army overcoat. It had a cape fringed with yellow in front and around the bottom. He was a very large man, standing six feet four ; was nimble and athletic. A year or two after Wayne's treaty, he was hunting through the thick forests on Captina creek one day, and came across an Indian who was loath to give up his hunting ground and the place of his native wigwam, perceiving Adams, immediately "treed," evidently intending to take his life. Adams also jumped behind a tree, and-calmly waited and watched for advantage. He embraced the first opportunity, and as Esquire Umstead says he expressed it : "I looked over the barrel of my gun, and that was the last time that Indian watched for a white man." CHASED BY WOLVES. One night as David Newell and Hall were returning from St. Clairsville, where they had ridden on horseback for the purpose of trading, were attacked by wolves. Being detained on their business longer than they had anticipated, night overtook them as they reached a small stream known as Bend Fork, which seemed a haunt for wolves. Here they found themselves almost surrounded with the carniverous animals. With great difficulty they made their escape through the woods and reached their homes in safety. MODE OF CAPTURING WOLVES. G. H. Umstead, Esq., says that it was customary with some of the hunters to put assafcetida on the soles of their shoes in HISTORY OF BELMONT AND JEFFERSON COUNTIES - 411 order to draw wolves into unoccupied cabins, then closing the door upon them. Wolves followed the scent of this drug either owing to a like or dislike of the same. The parties thus engaged in trapping, would crawl up from the oufside of the cabins into the lofts and shoot them at leisure, LAST WOLF SEEN IN THE TOWNSHIP. The last wolf seen in the township was shot by Wesley Luke. He and Moses Groves were hunting one day along in 1832, on Mike's run, with hounds, when the wolf was started up and killed. Mr. Hall, the first tanner of Wayne township, tanned the wolf's hide with the hair on. It was preserved as a sort of a trophy. MINERAL RESOUCES. Wayne is underlaid with an abundance of coal ; strata ranging from three to six feet in thickness. Banks are opened and operated for domestic use, but none shipped from its borders. Iron ore is also found in limited quantities, RAVEN AND ALUM ROCKS. On the farm owned by George Phillips is situated the "Raven Rocks," which are frequented by pleasure-seekers in the summer season., Tradition has it, that the Indians used to get lead here, but there is little reliance to be placed in this. John Gadd is supposed to have been murdered here in 1830. The "Alum Rocks," situated on the Evans farm, are also visited, but not being as elligibly located .as the former, are less sought after. OLDEST BUILDING. The oldest building now Standing in Wayne township was erected by a Mr. Bates, and is situated in section 10. FIRST LEVY. The first county levy made in the township, after its erection, was in 1811 and amounted to $40.85. SCHOOLS AND SCHOOL HOUSES. As early as 1805 a small log school house was erected in section 16, the reserved school land, which is remembered to contain a puncheon floor, split logs for seats and greased paper for Window panes. This house for a time was also used by the Methodist for worshiping in. In 1810 a larger house was built in its stead. There are now eleven frame school houses in the township, What a change has taken place. The cabins have disappeared and neat frame structures built in their places. FULLING MILL. In 1817 Samuel Berry erected a fulling mill on the land known as the Hanson farm in section 23. This was the .first one built in the township, and in 1824, Jerry Beck put up the first carding machine in section 27. FRIENDS' CHURCH. In 1809, the denomination of Quakers or Friends, erected a building for church purposes, and occupied it for a great many years. But finally the Friends got scattered, the congregation grew less and the building went down. FIRST TOWNSHIP TRUSTEES. Ambrose Danford, Isaac Barrett and Philip Skinner, composed the first board of trustees, the former gentleman serving In that.capacity for a number of years. EARLY JUSTICES. Isaac Moore, Joseph Moos, Thomas Williams, J. N. Evans and Elisha Harris. EARLY MINISTERS. Rev. Aaron Headly, a Baptist minister preached on the left hand fork of Captina creek, in an old school house, in 1812. Rev. John Clinger, an M. E. Minister preached in Wayne and Washington very early. I-52—B. & J. Cos. CULTIVATION OF TOBACCO. Tobacco is largely cultivated but not as much so as in years that are gone. During the rebellion the revenue on tobacco manufactured and shipped from New Castle, averaged from $500 to $1800 per month. McNichols & McEndre were at this time the leading tobacco dealers. This article yet remains the leading product of the township. GRIST MILLS. Seven grist mills have been built in the township since its settlement, three of which are operated at present by Henry Millhorn, Archibald Cole and Levi Williams. These are all water power mills. LARGEST FARMS. The largest tract of land in one farm, is owned by Benjamin Shepherd and contains 400 acres ; next largest contains 320 ; another of 315 ; and two of 300 acres each. THE, NUMERATION FOR 1879. Gives 404 males over twenty-one years of age. At the fall election of 1879, it polled 373 votes. The population is about 1500. OFFICERS FOR 1879. Justices of the Peace—D. Okey, P. King and S. F. Davis. Trustees—George Powell, A. R. Wilcox and B. Starkey. Clerk—S. F. Davis. Treasurer—Lee Evans. Constables—J. H. Morrison and J. W. Craig. VILLAGE OF NEW CASTLE. This village is located near the center of the township in a commanding point in the midst of a rich agricultural district. It was laid out by Wm. Horseman, November 28, 1834, and surveyed by D. Moore. Lots are 60x160 ; streets run east and west. It contains one dry good store, one grocery, one wagon-maker shop, one blacksmith shop, one shoe shop, one cigar manufactory, a school house and M. E. church. Population abouf 100. VILLAGE OF HUNTER. Hunter is located in the northern part of the township, near the line, and is. situated on a hill with rather a delightful surrounding. It was laid out by N. Anderson in 1849, being surveyed by D. G. White. It received its name from W. F. Hunter of Monroe county, a congressmen from this district, 1849 to 185i. It contains one dry good store, conducted by Patterson & Bro.; one grocery, one wagon shop. one blacksmith shop, Christian church, and school house. Population about 55. THE DISCIPLES' CHURCH. The following letter relative to the history of the Disciples' church, of Hunter, is from A. J. Smith, Esq.: " I was a small boy when the first meeting house was built. The house was erected and the first organization effected before there was any town here. As near as I can tell, this was about forty years ago. The ground, consisting of one acre, was donated -to the society, besides the largest share of the building expense's, by Nathaniel Anderson. It was a very plain frame structure, 30x36 feet. I have no idea as to its cost. In September, 1850, it was burned down by an incendiary. A short time before the fire took place a barrel of whisky was tapped and spilled upon the ground. Whether this had anything to do with the burning of the house may be judged by others. After meeting in my house and elsewhere for three years, a brick house was built, but was used several years before it was completed. In the year 1871-2 a wind storm, in March, blew in the gable end and a portion of the roof off. The whole cost of the present house, I suppose, was about $1,500. The dimensions of this building are 30x36 feet. 1 think the records, with the Bible, were burned at the time of the fire. Early officers and members that are now within my recollection were as follows : John Milhoan and David White, elders; Samuel Milhoan, deacon; and members, Mrs. John Milhoan, Mrs. David White, John B. Milhoan and wife, George Milhoan and wife, Eleazer Evans and wife, William Newman and wife, John Newman, Nathaniel Anderson, Sidney and wife. Among the ministers 412 - HISTORY OF BELMONT AND JEFFERSON COUNTIES. were Elders Lisister, John Frick, Jacob Yocum, Alex. Hall, William Hall, Joseph Dunn, L. M. Harvey, James Russell, William Mitchem, William T. Martin, Charles Newton, J. A. Walters, R. Atherton, Thomas Capp, William Woolery, A. Linkletter, W. H. Scott, Parker and, last, Philo Ingraham. Present membership, about 126. I think neither of the houses were dedicated. The officers for 1879 are H. Williams, H. Stidd, elders ; A. J. Smith, 0. F. Dennings and L. Moore, deacons. "Another fact I forgot to mention in its proper place, and that is this : After the burning of the first church, a large portion of the members drew off and built what is called Chestnut Level, leaving ours so weak that in consequence we had to contend against great odds. But at present the church is in good condition, and, notwithstanding its misfortunes, has received many spiritual blessings." THE PLEASANT RIDGE M. E. CHURCH. In 1853, Rev. S. P. Wolf organized this society at a Mr. Smith's house, where services were held until a church building could be erected. Steps in the matter were taken immediately after the organization was effected, and in the year following a church edifice was completed, ready for occupancy. It was dedicated by John Coil, the presiding elder. It is a very comfortable church 30x40 feet. The minister in charge during its dedication was William Hamilton. The name of Pleasant Ridge was given this congregation in 1854, which name it still bears. THE HOREB CHURCH Was organized in 1842, by Rev. J. A. Rich. Soon after its formation, a committee was appointed by the congregation for the purpose of taking such steps as were necessary for the erection of a church building. The committee consisted of George Shipman, Isaac Hanson and John N. Evans. These gentlemen went to work in earnest, and before the close of 1843 a church edifice 30x36 feet was completed and dedicated. Among some of the first ministers the following names occur : Revs, Samuel Franklin, John Coen, William Harris, A. J. Lane, Jerry Phillips, B. G. Edmonds, James White, J. B. Cooper, A. D. McCormack, W. C. P. Hamilton, N. Worthington, C. Morrison J. W. Weaver. The present membership is 40. Rev. J. H. Morrison, minister in charge ; class-leader, J. W. Poulson ; stewards, George Shipman and Lee Evans. BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCHES, MICHAEL DANFORD, Farmer. He was born in Wayne township, Belmont county, in 1803. In 1831 he married Miss Mercy Danford. Their union resulted in nine children—six boys and three girls, only three of whom are living. In 1870 his wife died at the age of fifty years. She was a member of the Christian church at Hunter. In 1873 he was married again. His second wife was Catharine Berry. She was born in 1828. They are both members of the Christian church. In 1854, he was elected to the office of County Commissioner. Was followed farming all his life. ERASTUS MOORE, Farmer, Born in Belmont county, October 25, 1833. He followed carpentering until he arrived at the age of twenty-five, when he turned his attention to farming. In 1858 he married Miss Nancy Mechen, who bore him seven children—four sons and three daughters, six of whom are living. He and family are members of the Christian church of which church he is an elder. His great grandfather was a native of Germany, and migrated to Belmont county where he died at the age of 106. J. H. E. PATTERSON, of the firm of Patterson Brothers, was born in Belmont county, in 1847. He was reared on a farm and received a liberal education. About ten years ago he and his brother engaged in the mercantile business at the village of Hunter. In connection with this business they deal largely in leaf tobacco. In 1873, he was married to Catharine J. Kemp, who was born in 1853. She gave issue to a family of three children. Owing to his industry, with a fair business capacity, he has been very successful in life. JAMES A. BERRY, Farmer. Born in Belmont county in 1821 He remained with his father on the farm until he reached the age of maturity. On the 8th of July, 1847, he led Miss Deborah Evans to the marriage altar. They reared a family of nine children—six sons and three daughters. Six children are living. On the 31st of July, 1872, he was called to mourn the loss of his first wife, who died at the age of forty-two years. She was a consistent member of the U. P. church. In 1877 lie married a second time, to a lady whose maiden name was Lydia Irwin. He has been an industrious and successful farmer. HISTORY OF WASHINGTON TOWNSHIP. Washington township belongs to the lower or southern tier of townships. It was erected from York and Wayne in 1831, In its erection twenty-four sections were detached from the former and twelve from the latter township. Its boundary is as follows: On the north by Smith township, east by Mead and York, south by Monroe county and west by Wayne township. This township is watered by Captina creek and its numerous tributaries, which have their origin from the many clear and limpid springs that find their way to the surface along the indentations of the land. The surface of Washington township is very undulating, with here and there bluffs abruptly rising to various altitudes. The soil along the water courses is rich and productive. Like the other townships in the county, bituminous coal-beds underlie its entire surface. Lime is also abundant. In the first settling these minerals were not utilized, and are not yet regarded by many at least, as a source of wealth. Iron ore has not yet been developed. Washington was the last township erected in Belmont county. It is about six miles square and is considered a fine farming district. It contributes largely to the cereal products of the county. The population of this township is about fifteen hundred. The total number of votes polled at the election for Governor in 1879 was 321. The total vote during the centennial year was 314. SETTLEMENT, ETC.—THE DANFORDS, PERKINSES, AND OTHER PIONEERS. The first settlements made in this, now Washington township, began in the year 1797, along Captina creek. It was then a dense wilderness—the home and rendezvous of the bear, wolf, deer, reptiles, wild turkeys and various game. Soon after the introductory settlement of a few pioneers was made, emigrants from Pennsylvania and Maryland chiefly, came in pretty rapidly, and erected their smoky little cabins, and commenced clearing away the forests and planting their small crops. The pioneers were very neighborly and agreeable, and often turned out to a man when any new settlers arrived, to help them ea logs and build cabins. They would never stop either until it was made ready to move in. They needed no laws or justices—made their own laws and lived up to them. Peace and tranquility abounded then. Times were hard, extremely hard. Game and fish, of course, were very plentiful, but they had no mills, stores, or even roads ; had to go beyond Wheeling to buy corn, and gave one dollar per bushel for it. It was packed home and pounded in a mortar. These were made of a log of gum wood about three feet long and eighteen inches in diameter, with one end burnt out in a funnel shape, and then cleaned out with an inshave, so as to hold a half bushel or more of corn. In. these mortars were made their meal. Genius soon contrived the hand-mills, "and they got along a little better." The bottom lands were first settled. The clearing was very heavy. The sycamore, sugar, walnut, buckeye and such like had to be cut down, rolled up and burnt, on account of the shade. The first settlers thought nothing of frequently doing with but one meal a day. Sometimes they went a long time without food, and could eat a large quantity when they did eat. A large turkey roasted was eaten in one meal by small families. As a remedy for their great privations, they practiced economy. For trace chains ropes were used ; for collars they used corn husks; for log chains hickory wither. Their wearing apparel consisted of buckskins of their own tanning—shirts, pants, moccasins and all. They manufactured their own plows, which were rude implements indeed. The mould board was split out of a block of wood that had the right twist in it; the share and coulter were made of wrought iron, laid with steel. This was an excellent HISTORY OF BELMONT AND JEFFERSON COUNTIES - 413 plow for rooty ground. The principal diet of the pioneers was hog, honey. and Johnny cake. Among the first settlers were the Danfords, Perkinses, Beans, Reads, &c. Some of the emigrants who moved here in real early days, remained but a short time, and then "pulled up stakes" and removed elsewhere. Others located permanently, and awaited the opening of the laud office at Steubenville and other places, when they entered what land they wanted. The Danfords, perhaps, were the earliest permanent settlers. Danford, as the name implies, is undoubtedly of English origin, though it would be difficult, if not impossible, at present to trace out their connection with the Danfords or Danforths of the old world. The first member of the family, of whom it is now possible to get any account, was Peter Danford, who was born in the state of New Jersey, about the year 1739. Little is known of his early life. He was a farmer. Was married (at what date it is not known) to a Sarah Morrison, by which marriage he had four children : Samuel, William, Sarah and Rebecca. After the death of his first wife, he married a Mercy Ewing, by whom he had one son—Ambrose. His second wife died in 1793. At an early day, some time between 1785 and 1796, Peter Danford moved with his family to Washington county, Pennsylvania, where he settled on Patterson creek. From this point his sons, Samuel, William and Ambrose, came to Belmont county, Ohio, about 1797, and located in suction 4, Washington township, where they cleared a piece of ground, built a cabin, and planted some corn, after which Samuel and William returned to Patterson creek for the family, leaving Ambrose to take care of the crop and look after the interest of the new home in the woods. After an absence of several weeks, the boys returned to their frontier home, bringing with them their father and sister Sarah, the younger sister, Rebecca having been left at Patterson creek. She was brought over,perhaps, the following year. The family remained at this place for several years, till the father entered land on Benfork, in section 23, now owned by the heirs of his daughter, Nancy Grove. In 1803, Peter Danford married his third wife, a widow, Margaret DeLaney, by whom he had two children, twin daughters. He died in 1827. His wife Margaret died in 1835. Samuel, a son of Peter Danford, was born in New Jersey, perhaps about the year 1776, He was married to Nancy Mathew about the year 1798. He settled on the land now owned by Mrs. Emma Danford and family, on section 22, Washington township, on Captina creek, which he owned until his death. He reared a family. of fourteen children, six sons and eight daughters, nine of whom are still living. William, the second son of Peter Danford, was born in New Jersey, in 1778. Ho married Elizabeth Moore, daughter of Michael Moore in 1799. In 1807 he entered the east half of section 22, now Washington township, at present owned by John Sidebottom. The war of 1812 having broken out, he joined a company raised in Belmont county, and marched to Lower Sandusky, where he died in November, 1813. He left seven children—Hiram, Michael, Samuel, Abraham, Peter, John and Borsheba—all of whom are living, except Peter. Two, Michael and Samuel, are citizens of Belmont county. Michael married Mercy, second daughter of Ambrose Danford, by whom he had three sons—Alexander, William and John, and two daughters, Virginia and Emily. The latter, wife of John Sidobottom, Esq., now lives at the old homestead. Samuel, third son of William Danford, lives on Crabapple creek, in Washington township. His two sons, Hon. Lorenzo (of whom ,a sketch is given elsewhere) and De Witt are both practicing at the Belmont county bar. Ambrose, the youngest son of Peter Danford, was born in New Jersey on the 9th of July, 1784. He moved, with the rest of his father's family, to Washington county, Pennsylvania, where they lived till he was thirteen years of age, at which age he was sent with his elder brothers, Samuel and William, to locate a home for the family in the northwest territory. Young as he was, " Little Ambrose," as his brothers called him, endured the hardships of a tedious journey through an unknown and pathless forest, with courage and manliness. Whatever he lacked in age and strength, his brothers, who were warmly attached to him, endeavored to make up for by kind treatment. It is related that when provisions were scarce and those to be had were not of the best order, consisting of musty bread and tainted bear's meat, the elder brothers would make their meals of whatever was left after "Little Ambrose " had been served with the best. These acts of kindness he never forgot, and often spoke of them in relating the incidents of his early life, When the boys arrived in Ohio, they located a piece of land on Captina creek, cleared a patch of ground, erected a cabin and planted some corn. In this lonesome place, in the midst of an almost unexplored forest, a wild woodland, pathless, save only by the trail of the Indian or the track of the wolf and the bear, in a lonely little cabin by the banks of the winding stream, shut in by hills, " Little Ambrose" was left to " take care of things" while his two brothers returned to Pennsylvania to bring the rest of the family. How he spent the long, lonely weeks till the return of his brothers with the family, can only be imagined. But he was a plucky little fellow, with a cool judgment, and would be likely to prove equal to any emergency, so that his brothers. perhaps acted wisely in leaving him as they did. Many incidents might be related, showing the hardships of this pioneer family ; but the readers of this history will find elsewhere enough to enable them to understand the energy and endurance which the conquerors of the forest must have possessed and the trials and hardships through which they wrought out the basis of our civilization. It was a rule of this family that every summer two of the boys should provide the family with salt. They would travel horseback to Winchester, Va., where they would help to harvest until they had procured enough money—an article practically unknown in the new settlements to buy a bushel of salt, with which they would return to their home in the forest. Upon these tours they were, of course, compelled to sleep out at night. They would put bells upon their horses, and turn them loose to feed, after which they would build a circle of dry brush, get in the middle of it and then set fire to it, to keep the wolves away. The following record taken from a fly-leaf of a copy of "Lock's Essay on the Human Understanding," gives the most important event in the life of Ambrose, who had by this time lost all claim to the pet title of little, by having arrived at the age of 23 years, and to .t he considerate height of 6 feet four inches. " Married by Isaac Moore [J. P.] of Wayne township, on the 18th day of November, 1807, Ambrose Danford, of Belmont county, to Mary Delaney." Great changes had occurred since the time when the three brothers had come to the new country, and great changes were still taking place. Ohio had been organized and admitted into the Union as a state. The. forests were rapidly disappearing, and cozy homes, surrounded by well tilled farms, with their rude log barns and their stacks of hay and grain were taking their places. The Indian had disappeared, and the bear, the wolf, and the panther, though by no means strangers to the inhabitants of Belmont county, had reason to regard themselves as only tenants by sufferance. The local divisions of counties and townships had been established. Young Danford's wife, Mary, was a daughter of his 'father's third wife, Margaret DeLancy. The marriage appears to have been a wise and happy one. The young couple through careful management found themselves of possessors of sufficient wealth to enter a considerable tract of land. By good judgment and economy, they continued to prosper, till at length they were proprietors of over a thousand acres of land, the richest quality that Captina bottoms could afford, besides a considerable amount of personal property, including quite an amount of money for that day. Mr. Danford, though exceptionally attentive to his personal concerns, took a deep interest in the affairs of society. He was an earnest worker in politics and was a strong advocate in the cause of temperance, upon both of which subjects he frequently delivered public speeches and lectures. He was elected to the House of Representatives in 1813 and served one year. The following record, from the fly-leaf of the copy of" Lock's Essay " before cited, tells in brief form the remaining portion of the story of his life. It was the family record, kept by himself : Milton, born September 14, 1808; Mercy, born May 25, 1810 ; Margaret, born December 12, 1812; Anna, born October 30, 1815; Maria, born January 15, 1819 ; Charles Hammond, born September 23, 1821 ; Jane, born June 19, 1823 ; Sarah and Nancy, born September 30, 1825. Died January 18, 1829, Mary Danford. In the early part of his married life, Ambrose Danford had entered several hundred acres of land in section 26, of Washington township, and in the adjoining section, No. 5, in Wayne township, Near the middle of this tract on the Wayne township side of the line, between the two townships he afterward built the brick house now occupied by the Mills family, where he spent the rest of his life. He died November 21, 1850. In personal appearance Mr. D. was not prepossessing. He was tall, strongly built, with angular features. In character he was an excellent type of the plain, unpretentious, common sense man, with clear perceptions and calm, sure-footed judgement. 414 - HISTORY OF BELMON 1 AND JEFFERSON COUNTIES. In estimates of men and affairs he rarely made a mistake. Like all self-made men, he had gained a large store of practical knowledge, which, under the influence of his strong common sense; had crystalized into maxims. His conversation consequently abounded with laconic sayings and shrewd proverbs. He had a strong sense of humor and delighted to tell a good story ; particularly when his own personal appearance was the subject of •the joke. He had good command of language and was counted a good public speaker. Of his family, only three are living : Milton, in Iowa ; Sarah, (Mrs. Wm. Daniels) in Beallsville, Monroe county, Ohio, and Nancy (Mrs. Alexander Caldwell) in Washington township, at the mouth of Crabapple creek. Reuben Perkins, one of the pioneers of Captina, migrated to Belmont county in the spring of 1798, and settled near the creek. He was born on the Susquehanna river in the year 176'T and was of English extraction, In 1785, he was united in marriage to Elizabeth Hup. This union resulted in seven children, Everhart, Reuben, Jr., Lewis, Elias, Elijah, Elizabeth and Rachel. At the time he located in the county he had a family of six children, the oldest only being eleven years of age. He first settled on what was known afterward as the Brown farm, situated below where Pott's mill now stands. The farm is owned at present by Michael Dorsey. There were only three families living in that neighborhood at that time, viz. : Daniel Bean, who used to roam the forests clothed after the Indian fashion, his brother, — Bean, and Robert Latty. It is said he was quite skillful and could turn his hand to almost anything. He manufactured powder, dressed his own buckskins, made plows and followed weaving. He killed many panthers, bears, wolves; deer, wild cats and other ferocious and dangerous animals. The stories he , related about these were thrilling and interesting. The same fall he came to his new home in the wilderness a great calamity befell him--a loss he felt keenly—it was the death of his wife. After a few years he was married again to a Virginia lady, by whom he had five children. In 1805, he entered the quarter section of 28, in now Washington township, and which is now owned by some of his grandsons. On the 8th of April, 1816, whilst engaged in work he suddenly fell to the ground and expired of heart disease. His death was greatly felt by his children and friends. Among the early settlers of whom we can now obtain information is Joseph Read, who died March 16,1879, at his residence in this township, aged 85 years. The following account was written by Hon. Leroy Welsh, who had the pleasure of an interview with this much respected citizen of Washington, shortly before his demise: Mr. Read was born near Williamsport, Md., in 1794 ; lived for a time in Hampshire county, Va., and came with his parents to the Captina valley in 1805. He at once entered the land where he ever afterwards lived, having at the time of his death resided in that neighborhood for nearly three-quarters of a century. He was a soldier in the war of 1812, and had the honor to assist in guarding the vessels captured from the British at the battle of Lake Erie. His early life he remembered well, calling dates and details with remarkable facility and accuracy. He delighted to find an appreciative listener, and there was about him an air of candor and truthfulness which commanded confidence in his story. As he spoke of the struggles of the olden time and of the exciting scenes of primitive forest and stream, the aroused spirit of his youth came back, and the dead past became with him as the living present. " When we first came to Ohio," said he to the writer, " there were two graves here near our cabin. People said white men were buried there who had been killed by the Indians. I was a mere boy then, and used to be afraid to go by these graves after dark. Many a deer have I killed among these hills. Over on the hillside yonder once happened something singular. Everhart Perkins had wounded a deer, and the dogs chased it down over a steep bank. I hurried to the spot, and thine lay the deer wedged fast under the limb of a fallen tree. Near here I once saw Everhart shoot a deer at the distance of a hundred yards or more, and it ran directly towards us and fell dead almost at our feet. I saw a similar adventure on Anderson's run. In those days we had bears, wolves, elk, otters, wild-cats, gray foxes and wild turkeys. The wolves were a great annoyance. Just below here, on what is now S. D. Talbot's farm, lived Peter Danford. He had twelve sheep, and one night the wolves killed all but one. They used to get at my sheep, and would climb over enclosures. Wolf-den hollow, on the new road between here and Glencoe, was a favorite resort for wolves. John Brown caught four there once. We used to get six dollars each for wolf scalps, A hunter applying for the bounty had to take oath that he would spare the life of no female wolf. This was to keep people from raising wolves to scalp. Wild turkeys were abundant. I once made a trap, and at three times caught twenty-one turkeys. One fall Robert Farnsworth, who lived in the old house just below the bridge at Armstrong;s Mills, kept count of the squirrels he killed, and they numbered 1,560. It was not necessary to use a gun. The squirrels were knocked off the bushes with a pole and caught on the ground by dogs. A vast army of squirrels once came across the Ohio river, and people caught thousand of them and salted them down in barrels. Fish in Captina creek were very plenty, and it was easy to catch them. Mose Ward and I once felled a sycamore tree into a large drove of them, but the experiment was not very successful." " The first sermon," continued Mr. Read, " that I know of was by a Methodist preacher named Fordyce. He preached near the graveyard just below Everhart's." Mr_ Read didn't know where to find the text, but thought he could repeat it. An effort resulted as follows : " In that day this song shall be sung in the land of Judea. God will appoint that day for walls and bulwarks. Open ye the gates wide and let in the righteous nation, who has kept the truth, who has not denied my name, whose mind is staid on the Lord." The text must have been the first three verses of the 26th chapter of Isaiah. The language is not accurately given, but to observers of mental phenomena it will be interesting to make the comparison. Rev. M. Fordyce was not the first preacher in this valley, but it is well known that he was here at a very' early day. " The first school teacher that I ever heard of in this country," said Mr. Read, "was old Josiah Rogers. He taught in a log house not far from where the people of Washington township now do their voting. He took his pay in anything he could get to eat, and boarded in his own cabin. People used to make fun of him for being so lazy. Re never chopped any wood, but made a hole in his chimney and poked in the end of a log. The water be used was taken from a hole where the clay had been got to daub his cabin. He was a very exact man. I recollect his whipping some boys for snow-balling. For some reason he struck each one of them just four times." Mr. Read was a soldier in the war of 1812, and his recollection of soldier experience appeared quite vivid. He said most of' his company of which John Howell was captain, were "Capteeners and McMahon's creekers." Of those from this side of the county were Moses DeLancy, Jas Brown, Finis Shepherd, John Shepherd, Geo. Limley, Robt. Hathaway, Isaac Ruble, Henry Gates, James Boner, Isaiah Shepherd and William Danford. On their way to the seat of war they stopped at Columbus, where they received their arms and attended a show, which proved to be an exhibition of wax works. Some of us at first thought the figures were alive. We offered a black looking fellow a chew of tobacco, which he neither accepted nor declined. Then we made a discovery. From Columbus we marched to the mouth of the Sandusky river, and from there were taken to Put-in-Bay Island. Our company helped guard the Detroit and the Queen Charlotte, two of the vessels captured in Perry;s victory. The British called our vessels the 'Musketo Fleet.; " Our company was discharged March 8, 1813. William Danford had been detailed for duty at Lower Sandusky, and we hadn't heard from him for perhaps ten days. Early one morning, on our return, Finis Shepherd said he feared Danford was not living, as in a dream he had seen him catching a white horse. When some time afterwards we got the 'news from Sandusky, we found that the dream was too true. Our comrade was gone, never to return." For "Old Jozy Reed," as people familiarly called him, Washington township had somewhat of an affectionate regard. His father, William Reed, was a soldier in the war of independence, and lived quite a while after coming to Ohio. Old Jozy's uncle Albert was killed by the Indians. Old Jozy himself was one of the noble band which hewed its way into the wilderness, and made possible these peaceful and prosperous homes. Then he defended them against the Red Coats, and a grateful country rewarded his services with a pension. He was our only surviving hero of the second great war. He felt a sort of proprietary interest in the affairs of the Republic. With him there lingered something of the patriotism which was with the fathers in the beginning. He was amazed that men should be so wicked as to wish to destroy this glorious Union, and he had no patience with any one who set a light estimate upon the cost and value of our liberties. HISTORY OF BELMONT AND JEFFERSON COUNTIES - 415 He was of kind disposition, and had the respect of all. His warfare is o'er, and he has gone to his rest. Thomas Armstrong settled in this township in 1811, having migrated from Pennsylvania. He built the second grist mill in the township. William Frost, Robert Lindsey and Walter Ring erected among the first saw mills on Bend Fork; William and Samuel Patterson built one of the first saw mills (111 Crab Apple creek. CAPTINA CREEK. Captina creek has been described by the early settlers as being very beautiful. The water of the main stream and its tributaries was clear and limpid, through which darted thousands of the finny tribe. The different species of fish found in this creek were the yellow, white and black perch, salmon, sturgeon, eels, (in places several feet in length) white suckers, river suckers, spotted suckers, sunfish, &c., &c. It is said fish were so plenty, that in the spring when they went up the streams to spawn, large quantities could be killed in the ripples with clubs. Elias Perkins, one fall of the year, shot a salmon with bow and arrow which weighed sixteen pounds. Reuben Perkins, Sr., shot two large river fish at the mouth of this creek which weighed 125 pounds each. They were lying on a rock in the water sunning themselves. These were supposed to have been cod-fish. The creek was narrow and full of deep holes ; rocky and deeply shaded, well adapted to the propagation of fish. The bottom lands were very fertile, with a heavy growth of large timber and richly spread over with wild bowers of delicate shape and various hues. Jennings Perkins says he measured a sycamore near the creek that was eighteen feet in circumference, another sixteen feet in circumference, and an elm fifteen feet in circumference. He also measured a sycamore which had fallen down, 150 feet in length. Captina in many places was over a man's head in depth. There was a place, now called the " Death Hole," which is twenty-nine feet deep. Reuben Perkins, Jr., who was an expert swimmer, and two others, were the only persons that could dive in this hole and bring up a pebble in their mouths from its bottom. Mr. P. made a dive and said that was the last time he'd go down, for he came very near sticking fast between two rocks on the bottom. MOUNDS AND INDIAN HIEROGLYPHICS. A number of mounds are situated in this township, prominent amongst which is the one found a few rods from R. W. Linsey's residence. It is about thirty feet in diameter at the base. A few rocks containing Indian hieroglyphics are also found in Washington township. BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCHES. HON. ISAAC WELSH was born in Belmont county Ohio, July 20, 1811. His parents were Pennsylvanians, and his father, Crawford Welsh, was one of the pioneer settlers of the county. His father being a farmer, he pursued that calling until shortly after he became of age. He then married Mary A. Armstrong, daughter of Thomas Armstrong, and then removed to Beallsville, Monroe county, Ohio. Here he entered into mercantile pursuits, and as was the custom with many merchants at that time, was also engaged in the purchase, preparation and shipping of tobacco. In this business he was very successful, but he preferred the life of his earlier years, and in 1854, he 'retired from merchandising and purchased and removed to a farm on Captina creek, where he subsequently resided and where he died. In early life Mr. Welsh was a Whig, but on the dissolution of that party in 1854, he united With the Fillmore party and supported that gentleman for the Presidency. He was elected to the Ohio House of Representatives in 1857, by the united vote of the Americans and Republicans, and re-elected in the same manner in 1859. At the expiration of his term of office he was chosen State Senator from the Belmont and Harrison district and served in that body two years. In 1868 he was Presidential elector for the Sixteenth District and was chosen to carry the vote of Ohio to Washington. He was elected Treasurer of State in 1871, and held the office for two terms. His death occurring just six weeks before the expiration of his second term, his son Leroy Welsh, discharging the duties of the office until the incoming of the new treasurer. Mr. Welsh was strongly opposed to the extension of slavery, and during the war his entire sympathy and support were given to the Republican party. While residing at Beallsville he wrote a series of articles in defense of the State Bank of Ohio, which attracted a great deal of attention and were extensively published and noticed. He also wrote an essay on the " Agricultural and Mineral Resources of Belmont county," for which a prize was awarded him by the State Agricultural Society. He kept fully up with the times in which he lived ; was a ready, careful writer, and frequently employed his pen in the discussion of current topics. Although never in any sense an office seeker, he became closely identified with the politics of his time at the bidding of the people who knew him to be a man of the strictest integrity and unblemished character. In legislation he was practical and displayed 'common sense in his views on all subjects. As a speaker he made no pretensions to oratory, yet his presentation of a subject under discussion commanded universal attention for its fairness and practicability. He was a Cumberland Presbyterian, and by his death the church lost one of its strongest supporters. He died at his home in Washington township, Belmont county, Ohio, Nov. 29, 1875. LEROY W. WELSH.—The following article is clipped from the Belmont Chronicle, of August 28, 1879: " The tidings of the death of Mr. Leroy W. Welsh were received with feelings of sincere regret by many friends of the family, and others who, from incidental acquaintance with Mr. Welsh, had learned to judge of his worth. Leroy W. Welsh, son of the late Hon. Isaac Welsh, was born in Beallsville, Monroe county, Ohio, in March, 1844. His parents moved to Washington township, Belmont county, in 1854. The subject. after receiving a common school education, entered college at Delaware, Ohio, where he completed the six years' course, and graduated in the summer of 1869. The next year he spent at home, in the study of law, after which he entered the Cincinnati Law School, where he completed the prescribed course, and graduated in the summer of 1871. He entered the office of Treasurer of the State of Ohio, at the beginning of the following year, as the chief assistant of his father, Hon. Isaac Welsh, who had been elected State Treasurer at the preceding October election. He continued in this position till the latter part of the year 1875, when he was appointed Treasurer by Gov. Allen, to fill the vacancy occasioned by the death of his father. At the close of this term he returned home, where he remained until last spring, when he opened an office for the practice of law in Columbus, Ohio. In this occupation he remained until compelled by his last illness to return home, where he remained until the time of his death, which occurred on Wednesday morning, 20th inst. Mr. Welsh was a young man of fine intellect and broad culture. Combined with these, his excellent social qualities made him one of our best and most esteemed citizens. With an unusually large store of knowledge, gathered by his own experience and observation, he was just prepared to enter a career of great usefulness. Though many will regret his loss, only those who were intimately acquainted with him, and have felt the influence of his genial nature, and known the extent of his acquirements and the wide reach of his thought, can fully appreciate the extent of the loss our community has suffered in his death. T. W. E. ALEXANDER ARMSTRONG, a son of Thomas Armstrong, was born in Belmont county, in March, 1813. His parents migrated from Pennsylvania, and settled on Captina creek, in 1811. At an early age Alexander commenced learning the tanner's trade with his father. In 1833 his father opened out the mercantile business and Alexander began to clerk for him. In 1839 he was united in marriage to Miss Elizabeth Welsh, who was born in Belmont county, in 1819. The same year his father took him as an equal partner in the store. He received the appointment of postmaster under the administration of President Tyler, in 1841. In 1843 his brother James received the other half interest in the store. In 1844 our subject purchased the grist mill owned by his father. In 1847 he and his brother disposed of their dry goods and discontinued that business. He subsequently opened out a new store, taking into partnership a Mr. Miller. In 1849 his brother James purchased Miller's interest. This firm continued until the year 1854, when the goods were sold and the store room leased to William Woodburn. lie continued a couple of years, grew dissatisfied and removed the stock elsewhere. In about 1858, our subject again started in the mercantile business in his old room, in partnership with E. W. Bryson. Six years later his partner retired and he has been conducting the business 416 - HISTORY OF BELMONT AND JEFFERSON COUNTIES. ever since. He has also been operating a woolen factory which he erected in 1846. He was clerk in the State Treasurer's office whilst in the hands of Mr. Isaac Welsh, in 1871. He is the father of eight children. Mr. A. is a prominent member of the M.. E. church. Mr. Armstrong has been an active and successful business man and has accumulated a valuable property owning one thousand acres of land in addition to his mills and stores. Armstrong's mills have become widely known, and the place is one of the principal stations on the line of the Bellaire Southwestern railway, of which company Mr. Armstrong has been vice-president. He was one of the active men in carrying forward that enterprise. A. H. CALDWELL, Esq., is a native of Belmont county, and the date of his birth, is the 23d of September, 1831. When a youth he lived with Jacob Worley, on McMahon's creek. At the age of twenty he married Miss N. S. Danford, of Belmont county, who was born September 30, 1825. They reared a family of four children, two sons and two daughters. In 1857 he was elected a Justice of the Peace in Washington fownship, and has served in that capacity ever since. He also filled the office of township Treasurer since 1870. At present he is a member of the Board of Directors of the Bellaire & Southwestern railway, which position he has held since the company's organization. He has been conspicuously identified with this enterprise from the beninning. and has aided materially in its success. Mr. Caldwell has been a successful farmer,. and has one of the hest improved thrms in Belmont county. He is widely known as an enterprising business man and an estimable citizen. EVERHART PERKINS, deceased, was born in Pennsylvania. He came with his parents to Belmont county in about 1798, and located on Captina creek, where they resided a number Of years. From this point they removed to Cat's run. In 1802, our subject married Miss Hannah Nicholson. He reared a family of nine children. His wife died in 1852. He lived until he reached the 103d year of his age. He early united with the Friends' church. It is said that in his young days, when game abounded plentifully in the forests, he delighted in hunting and used to take a faithful animal of his with him, which he would load down with game and then let it loose, when it returned home to his cabin door and awaited for some one of the family to relieve it of the burden. He entered over seven hundred acres of land in Washington township JOSIAH PERKINS, a son of Everhart Perkins, was born November 29, 1822. In 1846, he married Sarah A. Phillips, who was horn in March, 1831. By her he reared a family of six children—five sons and one daughter. Soon after his marriage he removed on a farm in section .28, where he has since resided and engaged in agricultural pursuits. His wife is a member of the Christian church. WILLIAM DANFORD—Born in 1833. He lived with his parents until be reached the age of majority. In 1855, he plighted his affections to Miss. Emma R. Rocker, an amiable young lady, and was united to her by marriage. She was born in Guernsey county, February 28, 1836. They had a family of five children—one son and four daughters—four of whom are living. In 1867, he purchased a half interest in a dry goods store, and engagedin that business until in the spring of the following year. After selling his interest in the store, he moved back or the farm on Captina, and resumed his early occupation, which he was pleased to follow until death called him from the perplexing cares and busy scenes of this life, and "Like one that wraps. the drapery of his couch About him, And lies down to pleasant dreams," so he passed away on the 7th of July, 1872, aged thirty-nine years. He was a good citizen, kind, affectionate husband and father, and beloved by all who knew him. His widow still survives him, aged forty four years. She is a member of the Christian church of Belmont Ridge. WILLIAM M. ARMSTRONG, farmer, was born January 18, 1830. Ile was reared a farmer, assisting his father until he began to do for himself. lic was early habituated to industry, In 1856, lie was united in matrimony to Miss Laura Jane Bona.r. She was born in Washington county, Pa., March 12, 1838. Their union resulted in nine children—six of whom are living. In the fall of 1869, he was elected county commissioner, serving for three years with complete satisfaction to the people. Our subject resides upon the old homestead, which was entered by his father in 1812, and is living in the house erected by his father in 1813. It is built of hewed logs. He was one of the incorporators of the Bellaire and Southwestern railway, and is now vice president of the same. JAMES GROVES, farmer, was born in West Virginia, on the 11th of March, 1799 ; was brought to Jefferson county, Ohio, in 1805. His father in 1808, removed to Belmont county and settled in Goshen township. Ile Subsequently located in Washington township, on the waters of Captina,. In 1825, James married Nancy Danford, who was born in 1806. Their union resulted in eleven children--eight sons and three daughters, nine of whom are living. Soon after his marriage he settled on section 23, which was then owned by Peter Danford. In 1866, his family was called to mourn the loss of a kind husband and parent. He was sixty-eight years of age. His widow, now in her seventy-third year, still survives. They both early united with the Christian church. JAMES CALDWELL, farmer, migrated from Pennsylvania to Belmont county in 1832, locating near Bridgeport, where he remained but a short time, and then removed to St. Clairsville, Richland township, thence to Mead township and thence to Fairfield county, Ohio, where they both died. They were exemplary members of the Presbyterian church. He was a soldier in the war of 1812. JOHN CRAWFORD, farmer, was born in Belmont county, December 9, 1838. He remained with his father until he reached the age of twenty years. In 1858, he married Miss N. J. Battin. She was born February 8, 1844. They reared a family of five children—two sons and three daughters, all of whom are living. JOSEPH ASKEW, farmer, was born in Richland township, near St. Clairsville, in 1817. In 1840, he married Miss Agnes Dillon, who was born in .1831.. They reared a family of two children—one son and one daughter. In 1837, two years prior to his marriage, he learned the harness trade with his brother Isaac, with whom he served an apprenticeship of six years. Soon after his marriage he started a shop in Flushing, on his own account, and carried on the business successfully for several years, then selling out moved to the town of Belmont, continuing there for a short time. In 1848, he moved to Barnesville and started a shop, remaining until the fall of 1850. In that year, after disposing of his stock, he moved to Washington township and settled on a farm. Since that time he has turned his attention to agriculture in connection with his trade. His wife died February 19, 1846, and on May 16, J848, he married Sarah Ann Watt. She gave' issue to a family of five children—two sons and three daughters, four of whom are living. William T., a son of his second wife, was a very brilliant young man, with a promising future had he lived. But " death loves a shining mark," and on September 30, 1877, he died. Mr. A. and wife are members of the Presbyterian church. GEORGE ATKINSON.—The subject of this sketch is of English descent. and was born on the 8th of February, 1834. He learned the weaver;s trade. with his father when quite young. In 1856, he migrated to America and first located in New Jersey, where ho resided a number of years. He was married to Miss Catharine Woods, who was born in Ireland, March. 17, 1835. In 1869, be migrated from New Jersey to Belmont county, and located in Barnesville, From thence he removed to Armstrong;s Mills, in 1871, and commenced working in the Woolen Factory at this place, where ho has resided ever since. He and wife are members of the M. E. church at Armstrong;s Mills. In 1878 he paid a visit to his father in England, where he spent a few months and returned home, March 5, 1879. ALBERT MCVEIGH, was born in Virginia, August 8, 1803. He learned milling which occupation he has followed the greater part of his life. In 1826, he emigrated to Belmont county and located on Captina creek, York township. He married Miss Emily Dillon, April 17, .1828. She was born near St. Claireville, September 25, 1806. By her he reared a family of nine children—six sons and three daughters, five of whom are living. In 1843 ho bought a farm in Monroe county, upon which he moved and resided until the spring of 1860, when he returned to Captina creek, near Armstrong's Mills, in which Mills he has been pursuing his trade. He has had large experience as a miller, and is one amongst the best as well as the oldest millers in the county, FREDERICK STONEBRAKER was born in Maryland, March 3d, 1799. He was brought, to Belmont county by his parents In HISTORY OF BELMONT AND JEFFERSON COUNTIES - 417 1801, locating in Richland township on a farm. Frederick remained with his father until 1830, when he married Miss Francis Bare, and removed on a farm in Washington township. This union resulted in seven children—four sons and three daughters, three of whom are living, Eli, Josiah and Samuel. He resided on this farm until his death, which occurred January 13, 1864, aged 65 years. Mrs. Stonebraker died February 7, 1844, aged 47 years. Both were exemplary members of the Christian church. DAVID CALDWELL was born in Pennsylvania, in 1818. He came to Belmont county with his parents at the age of 14, and was brought up on a farm. At the age of 21 he left home and engaged in various pursuits at which he made and lost money. In 1845 he was married to Miss L. Taylor, who was born October 21, 1822. By her he had four sons, all of whom are living. Shortly after his marriage he moved to Monroe county, where he resided one year, and then returned to Belmont county. He made a number of changes in the county, and finally in 1857, he located on a farm in Washington township, in section 27, where he is now living. Both he and his wife are members of the Christian church. SAMUEL STONEBRAKER Was born July 8, 1830. Lived with his father on the farm until twenty years of age. He married Miss Catharine A. Barrett, and moved on a farm which had formerly been owned by his father, in section 30. His wife was born October 17, 1832. Had a family of three sons and three daughters, three of whom are living. He united with the Christian church, and she with the Presbyterian church. JOHN SHIPMAN was born in Pennsylvania in 1798. He was brought to Belmont county by his parents, who located near St. .Clairsville, where they remained a short time, then moved on McMahon's creek, and there remained for a number of years. John was reared a farmer. His father entered a tract of land on Pipe creek, which was given to our subject by his father. He (John) settled on the land and began improvements on the same. He soon had his farm under a pretty good state of cultivation. In 1827 he married Miss .Hannah Neff, who was born in 1801. Their union resulted in seven children—five sons and two daughters, three of whom are living: Mrs. M. J. A, Lindsey, James W. and John; the latter lives on the old homestead. The subject died June 5, 1865, aged sixty-five years. His wife survives him in her eighty-seventh year. Both united with the M. E. Church in their younger days. The deceased's father was a soldier of the war of 1812. MORGAN PUGH, JR., was born in Belmont county, June 3, 1832. He was reared on the farm, and at the age of twenty-five he married Miss Hannah Noffinger, who was born May 9, 1839. They had but one child—a son, who died at the age of two years. Shortly after his marriage he settled, on a farm in section 20, where he has remained ever since engaged in agricultural pursuits. He and his wife are members of the Christian church. R W. LINDSEY was born in Virginia, Mai ch 25, 1825, and was brought by his parents to Belmont county, when less than a year old. His father located in section 36, Washington township, upon a farm which had been partially cleared. Here our subject grew up to manhood, assisting his father on the farm. In 1849 he married Miss M. J. A. Shipman, who was born December 9, 1830. They reared a family of eight children-six sons and two daughters. Immediately after his marriage he removed to Noble county, where he remained until the fall of 1850, when he returned to Belmont county, and located in Washington township, on a farm in section 16. In 1872 he built a new brick residence, in which he now resides. Mr. and Mrs. L. are members of the M. E. Church. JOHN SIDEBOTTOM, a native of Jefferson county, was born near Mount Pleasant in 1843. Left home at the age of ten years to live with a man named H. C. Welty, a farmer, with whom he lived about three years. He then hired to work in a brick-yard for Morrison brothers. In the summer he worked in this way, and when winter came, he would stop with some farmer,work for his board, and attend school. This was repeated for several years until he obtained sufficient education to transact his business. In 1862 he acted as wagonmaster in the army. In 1863, he returned home and started a meat market in Mount Pleasant, Jefferson county, where he followed that business till 1865. In November of this year he married A. Danford, who was born 53-B. & J. Cos. June 18, 1846. They roared a family of one son and two daughters, all of whom are living. Mr. and Mrs. S. are members of the Christian church. ELIAS PERKINS—This venerable old pioneer, who died on the 10th of August, 1860, was born on Ten-mile creek, in Greene county, Pennsylvania, April 27, 1791. Came with his parents to the Northwestern Territory when but seven years of age. He took up the cooper trade, working at it during bad weather. He made cedar buckets and carried them to St. Clairsville, where he disposed of them for half a crown apiece. He was a natural mathematician and did his calculating mentally most of the time. How he acquired such information without books was a great wonder to those of his acquaintance. Like the pioneers generally, he was a fine marksman. In the fall of the year 1828, a neighbor of his, Isaiah Shepard, wanted a "mess" of squirrel, which were very plenty and doing great damage to the corn. Our subject told him to follow him and he would soon get all he wished fbr. They went to a cornfield and Perkins shot forty-five squirrels without moving from the spot. He was a hard worker and a successful farmer. He lived in what is now Washington township, from 1805 to his death. On the 5th of October, 1815, he married Elizabeth Wilson, who was a native of Maryland, born January 17, 1792. Her father settled in the southern part of Belmont county in 1806, and died in 1833. Soon after our subject's marriage he entered forty acres of land at Marietta, walking through the woods and along the river, a distance of eighty miles, all in one day. The cabin in which he first wont to housekeeping is still standing, In 1831, he united with the Christian church and kept the faith until his death. His widowed wife is still living in his old mansion, aged 87 years. HISTORY OF YORK TOWNSHIP. York was one of the original civil townships and erected November 25, 1801, as follows : " The third to begin on the Ohio river at the southeast corner of the township of Pultney ; thence with said township line west to the western boundary of the county ; thence south with said western boundary six miles to the northwest corner of the seventh township ; thence with said township line east to the Ohio river ; thence up the river to the place of beginning, to be called and known by the township of York," In 1811 a portion of the township was cut off for the erection of Wayne. In 1815 the northern part was taken off, when Mead was established. Smith township took off a number of sections of York, and again, in 1831, twenty-four sections were added to Washington in the erection of said township, leaving York with its present limits about five miles square the Ohio river, south by Monroe county, and west by Washington. York is watered by Captina creek and its branches. The surface is hilly, but the soil rich and farms productive. This township has been the scene of several Indian depredations, prominent among which was the battle of Captina, which is given in another portion of this work. This battle occurred in 1794, on section 8, at the mouth of Cove run. SETTLEMENT. John and Edward Bryson settled on section 33, about 1801, and Henry Hoffman, on section 27 ; George Lemley, on section 14, in 1801 ; George De Long settled May 16, 1802 ; Leven ()key, settled May 16, 1802 ; John Dille, 1802 (Mead); Benjamin McVey-, 1803; Joseph Baker, April 13, 1803; John Dotey, June 21, 1803 ; William Swaney, March 30, 1803 ; John Brister, May 14, 1803; Elisha Collins, May 14, 1803; .John Aldruge, May 14, 1803; David Lockwood, July 23, 1802 (Mead); Valentine Lowheber, May 16, 1802 ; Jacob Brewer, April 30, 1804 ; John Minn, July 3, 1804 ; John Davis, August 10, 1804 ; David Ruble, August 24. 1804 ; George Gates, September 28, 1804; John Stackhouse, January 5, 1805; Matthias Neffsinger (now Washington township), March 5, 1805 ; James Cree, June 25, 1805; Nancy Cree, October 31, 1805 ; Abel Brown, .December 21, 1805; William Brown, 1805; Daniel Thomas, December 23, 1805; Henry Huffman, 1805 ; Robert Gilkison, January 16, 1806 ; Jesse Waller, March 3, 1806 ; Jacob Baker, March 3, 1806 ; Joseph Way, June 21, 1806 ; Francis Vanschoup, June 418 - HISTORY OF BELMONT AND JEFFERSON COUNTIES. 21, 1806; Thomas Mills, December 20, 1806; Joseph Stokey May 1807: Cornelius Okey, May 22, 1807 ; John Shepherd, July 27, 1807; Isaac Bilyen, March 7, 1808 ; Isaac Moore, March 7, 1808 ; John Gray, June 5, 1808; Barnabas Powell, September 23, 1808 ; Jacob Brock, November 3, 1808; James Barrett, March 6, 1809 ; Jacob Keesey, March 20, 1809 ; Addey Brock, July 26, 1809; E. Dillon, February 22, 1810 ; Thomas Harmison, March 7, 1814; Thomas McKnight was an early settler ; Josiah Dillon, 1815 ; Ashel Green, 1817. Bergy Hunt and Archibald Woods were land agents in York township. It is said there were quite a number of squatters in York township who migrated from different sections of the east and erected cabins, remained for a short time, then removed elsewhere, claiming the society didn;t suit them. Many of the squatters in that day were an indolent and careless set of men, never remaining long at any one place. Those that came purchasing lands were usually of a different character, being industrious and making good citizens. Some of the log cabins which were occupied by " squatters " afterward became the first school houses of the township. MOUNDS. In this township are found evidences of a race anterior to.the Indian. Mounds occur in different places throughout York, in which, perhaps, celebrated personages of that people have been buried centuries ago. The mound builders, as they are styled, occupied these lands, where, peradventure, they dwelt for ages, erecting their monuments of earth over the remains of their kindred. THE ANCIENT INDIAN VILLAGE CALLED " GRAPE VINE TOWN "—INDIAN RELICS—INSCRIPTIONS ON THE ROCKS. The valley of Captina, judging from the number of Indian relics and landmarks that have been found within its recesses and along its borders, must have been at some time a noted rendevous for the red man. Of the Indian character, it is an original peculiarity, that he has no desire to perpetuate himself in the memory of distant generations, by the erection of monuments or other structures fabricated by the art and industry of man. The race would have passed away, without leaving a vestige or memorial of their existence behind, if to them had been entrusted the preservation of their name and deeds. A verbal language, a people without a city, a government without a record, a system of customs and habits without a written history, are as fleeting as the deer and the wild fowl upon which the Indian himself subsists. The flight of time lays waste unregistered events. It is thus that the incidents of untold ages upon this continent have been scattered like the sunlight under which they were enacted, leaving no ray behind to light up the eye of research. The social habits and transactions of the Red Man in his primitive state, areas easily enveloped in the mist of ob scurity, as his footsteps through the forest are obliterated by the leaves of autumn. With the departure of the individual, every vestige of Indian sovereignty vanishes. He leaves but the arrow-head upon the hillside, fit emblem of his pursuits ; and the rude pipe and ruder vessel, emtombed beside his bones —at once the record of his superstition, and the evidence of his existence. He entrusts his fame to the unwritten remembrance of his tride and race, and no monument marks the spot of his resting place. From the number of flint arrow heads found along Captina valley, we conclude it must have been a favorite hunting ground for the Indians, where they had killed deer for ages. The number of rude weapons, pipes, implements, and polished relics that have been found, and the many hyeroglyphics, foot prints, and pictographs that were to be seen upon the rocks, when the first whites made their settlement, all bear evidence that at some period this valley was their dwelling place. Its rich bottoms, being so easily cultivated, furnished the Indian a natural facility for his little patches of corn, the stream afforded an abundance of fish, and the wild region around was ample for the existence of large quantities of game. An Indian village called " Grape Vine Town," in the Captina valley, consisting of a few huts, or wigwams, was a place visited by white traders from 1764 to 1770. In the fall of the latter year, Gen. Washington, while making his tour down the Ohio, makes mention of it in his journal, and describes it as being eight miles up the stream (Captina) from its month. Of course his distance was estimated, and was taken by the meanderings of the stream. We have made considerable investigation to find the most probable site where this village must have located. If the town was not a permanent abode for the Indians, it was at least a favorite hunting camp. The. Indians withdrew from the borders of the Ohio in 1774, and it Wag twenty years afterwards before any settlements of consequence were made by the whites, consequently, in such a wild region, where bushes and vegetation grew so rank, all visible traces of the wigwam would disappear. After a diligent search, we have arrived at the conclusion that the village was most probably situated on the farm settled and entered by John Bryson, in York township, now owned by Isaac Ramsey. An unusual number of grape vines were found on this tract by Mr. Bryson when he first settled, and a place or two in the bottom was found to be tramped hard when it was first plowed. This is considered one of the surest indications of where the Indian wigwam stood. Skelletons of two Indians were found at one time under rocks in the vicinity. Mrs. I. J. Potts, a daughter of John Bryson, recollects of numbers of arrow heads, pipes, and various Indian relics being plowed up on her father's farm. In this immediate vicinity was also found the numerous inscriptions on the rocks, consisting of bird and animal tracks, foot prints, &c., that have become somewhat famous in this valley. Many of the old settlers describes one of these inscriptions as being a rude representation of an animal now unknown. Mrs, Potts recollects of pictures of two Indians that were inscribed on a rock on her father's farm that were plainly to be seen when she was a child, but which have disappeared by the influence of the atmosphere and the lapse of time. Some of the rocks in the valley bearing these inscriptions were quarried and used by thoughtless people, and only a few, comparatively, of these ancient pictographs are yet legible. One of the plainest to be seen at the present day in this part of the valley is a bear track, an impression of which we saw at the residence of the late Hon. Isaac Welsh. "L. W., 1790." In the year 1865, I. J. Potts, Esq., and Isaac Jones found below a projecting ledge of rocks up dove run, about a half a mile from its month, and near where the battle of Captina was fought, a stone about two feet square, bearing these initials carved legibly upon it—"L. W., 1790." The stone was afterward removed by Aaron Ramsey, and now lies in his yard, but not cared for as a relic of this kind deserves. Part of one of the letters, unfortunately, has been knocked off. Of course the conclusion to be arrived at is that the initials stand for Lewis Wetzel, and at that time (1790) the place where the stone was found was doubtless one of the great hunter's hiding places and favorite resorts. THE FIRST SUPERVISORS. In 1801 the court of Belmont county, which was then held at Pultney, appointed John Dille, Ephraim Bates and Michael Moore to act as supervisors of York township. At the same session of the court Samuel Dille was appointed a constable. And the first election was ordered to be held at the house of James Smith, in 1802. TOWNSHIP OFFICERS FOR 1808. The following is a list of the township officers who were elected and served in 1808: Township Clerk—Edward Bryson. Trustees—Uriah Martin, Abel Brown and Edward Bryson. Treasurer—Joseph Martin. Supervisors—Joseph Cox and George Lemley. Constable—William Atkinson. Fence Viewers—John Brown and James Barrett. Lister—Uriah Martin. LARGEST LAND OWNERS. The largest land owner in this township is A. F. Ramsey. He owns 1,174 acres ; Isaac Ramsey owns 600 acres; Samuel Ramsey 590 acres ; John G. Owens, Martin Caldwell and D. Neff, have farms of 300 each. FIRST MILLS. George Gates located in 1804, and erected a grist mill on Cat's run in a very early day, and, it is thought by some, to have been the first one built in the township. Judge Dillon built a grist mill in about. 1822, about five miles above where the village of Powhatan now stands, on the waters of Captina. A race, from HISTORY OF BELMONT AND JEFFERSON COUNTIES - 419 which the mill is operated, is tunneled through a hill a distance of about three hundred feet. This is an excellent mill, and has always done good work. After making several changes, it at last fell into the hands of I. J. Potts, who is at present operating it. Judge Dillon also built a saw mill in connection with the mill at the same time, which is still in use. DISTILLERIES. in about 1818, a man named Shepler erected a small distillery on section 15, on Little Captina creek. There were a few smaller ones built by other parties a little later. THE OLD SCHOOL HOUSE. One among the first school buildings erected expressly for school purposes, was a hewed log structure which stood near where Joseph Carle now lives. in 1836-7, a frame house was built near Powhatan Point. STEINERSVILLE Is situated on the Powhatan Point and Green Fording macadamized road, along the waters of Captina. It was laid out by John. W. Steiner, September 28, 1831. Isaac Green erected the first store house., and was the first merchant. He also erected a hotel, which is now occupied by Dorsey as a dwelling. There are two groceries and one blacksmith shop in this village. POWHATAN POINT. This village is situated in the southeast corner of Belmont county, immediately below the mouth of Captina creek, on the Ohio river. In January, 1849, the village was surveyed by .De Hass, and laid out by Franklin W. Knox. The principal, trading street is Water, which runs north and south. The first building erected in what is now Powhatan, was on the ground now occupied by Green & borsey, in 1819. It was erected by a man named Woods, and was used by Mallery as a store. The store was a very small one, but the trade at that time did not demand much. In 1825 a log house was erected for a hotel, styled the Point Rouse, and was kept by a Mr. Reed. A few years later an addition was built to it of frame. At this time there were Only a few log houses in the neighborhood, and the forest was unbroken, save here and there where small clearings had taken place, and the pioneer had set his stakes. The founder of this village was a grand son of Archibald Woods. G. T. and J. Boger erected the first brick building in the village. It is now known as the "Powhatan Enterprise Flouring Mill and Woolen Factory." The summary of trade is as follows: Four stores, two hotels, one wagon factory, three blacksmith shops, two shoe shops, one cabinet shop, one harness shop, one drug store, two saloons, three groceries, one physician, one graded school, the building being a large fine brick, Charles Muhleman principal ; two churches—Presbyterian and Methodist. In 1837 Benjamin Cole was appointed the first postmaster. Peter Giffin is acting as postmaster at present. This village is quite a shipping point for grain and produce, having natural facilities. Population about 300. THE ENTERPRISE FLOUR AND WOOLEN MANUFACTURING MILLS AT POWHATAN POINT Are an important feature of the village and the surrounding country. The building is a substantial brick structure. The flouring mill has three run of buhrs, and a capacity to grind forty barrels per day. The woolen manufacturing department makes flannels, jeans, cassimeres, and yarns, and does an extensive local business. The erection of these mills was, in fact, the principal impetus to build up the village, and for thirty years has been one of the leading features of its business, as well as a convenience for the surrounding country. The property is now owned by a joint stock company, and is operated by John and Jacob Boger, Jr. INDUSTRY Was laid out by Samuel P. Jones, July 7,1853. It is situated on Captina creek and on the Powhatan Point and Green Fording macadamized road. The first buildings were erected by John Ewers and, Robert Donaldson. It contains one cabinet shop, one physician and one blacksmith shop. I-53-B. & Cos. CAPTINA POST OFFICE Is located at Captina Mills, on Captina creek, five miles above its mouth. Judge Bryson was appointed postmaster in 1825. Michael Dorsey postmaster in 1837, and is the oldest postmaster in Ohio, and the third oldest in the United States. He still retains the office. PRESENT OFFICERS OF YORK. Trustees—Martin Caldwell, Isaac Bonar and Darius Dorsey. Clerk—Frank Disque. Treasurer—E. N. Riggs. Assessor—David Neff. Constables—A. E. Massie and Thomas Cordell. Justices of the Peace - James White, John G. Owens and I,. H. Green. SCHOOLS. York contains seven school districts and one special school in Powhatan. All are frame buildings save the latter, which is brick. ENUMERATION FOR 1879. According to the enumeration made by the assessor of males above 21 years of age, York contains 318. It has a population of about 1,500. CURIOSITIES. Mr. M. M. Scott, of Industry, says that when Lewis Boger, Sr., was digging his well in 1873, in Powhatan, he struck an "air chamber" at the depth of about thirty feet. Philip Frankhauser was digging down in the well and struck his pick through a clayey substance in a cavity from whence this "air" carne out with such force that he was obliged to withdraw from the well. Further work was abandoned for a time, and in about a week after this opening in the chamber was cemented. During that time the air had continued to pass out with as great force as when first ventilated. The chamber through which the current passed was three inches in diameter. This was perhaps carbonated hydrogen, and might have been used for fuel by the use of pipes in which to conduct it into houses. A man named Samuel Ring dug a well on his place in about 1851, and at the depth of forty-five feet discovered the trunk of a hickory tree fifteen inches in diameter, in a perfect state of preservation. CHURCH HISTORY OF YORK TOWNSHIP. PLEASANT HILL M. E. CHURCH. This church edifice, which is located on section 23, was erected in the year 1848. The good people of this neighborhood felt the need of a place in which they might assemble and worship, so along about 1848, a subscription paper was circulated for the purpose of raising money to build a church. Through the liberality of the farmers the enterprise was made a success, and the requisite amount soon raised, church built and dedicated the same year. Its early officers, ministers and members names cannot now be obtained. The present membership numbers forty, A. A. Cobbledic, minister ; Cornelius Giffin, class leader ; Samuel D. Myers, steward. Trustees—Cornelius Giffin, Samuel D. Myers, John Giffin, Peter Neff and William Neff. An interesting Sabbath School, with an attendance of about thirty scholars, is conducted under the superintendency of Samuel D. Myers, assisted by Cornelius Giffin. Martha Jeffers, secretary, and John Giffin, treasurer of this school. DOVER M. E. CHURCH. In 1846, Michael Dorsey, John McCain and wife, Mooney and wife, and Nancy Dorsey met and organized the M. E. Society. Rev. David Truman was hired to supply them with preaching every two weeks, holding services in a school house. He remained one or two years. In 1855 a church edifice was erected in section 14. Services are only held here now on appointment. A Sabbath School is conducted here during the summer months with an average attendance of about forty scholars. 420 - HISTORY OF BELMONT AND JEFFERSON COUNTIES. POWHATAN M. E. CHURCH. This is quite a modern church, a very young society. It does not date beyond the war of the rebellion. It was during this great civil conflict that .Rev. David Truman, from Bridgeport, supplied the pulpit in the Presbyterian church for the Methodist people. They having at this time neither church nor organization. But through thc influence and by the efforts of a zealous few, among whom was Joseph Green, a merchant, who afterwards joined the church, and is now one of its chief supporters, the services of Rev. Truman were secured. His term of service was not long. Popular as a preacher, fine as an orator, great in persuasive power, he had every element of success, and succeeded wonderfully in pleasing and building up, when through some impropriety of conduct his work was cut short, and he left. Then the merits of this place and the wants of this people, were considered by the Pittsburg Conference, in whose bounds Powhatan then was, and at its next session after Truman left, the Rev. J. Dillon was appointed to this work, 1862. :During his administration of two or three years, the society was organized and worshiped in the Presbyterian church. After this came the Rev. A.. Gregg, during whose term of three years the partnership with the Presbyterians was dissolved, and the new M. E. Church built. Rev. J. S. Bracker presiding elder. This is a brick church, unpretending, but neat and commodious, answering fully all the purposes, and meeting all the demands of this people. Gregg was favored with a gracious revival, and numbers were gathered into the fold of Christ. Thus this infant society was greatly sfrengthened. Then came the scholarly Rev. D . N. Momeyer, whose administration was characteristically even, calm and peaceful, with a small numerical increase to the church. March, 1870, witnessed the appointment of the Rev. M. J. Ingram, as pastor of this then flourishing circuit. Rev. Ingram was both popular and successful, with whom the people were well pleased during a term of two years. A number of those who formed the original society, have gone with it through all its vicissitudes and changes; have witnessed its defeats, rejoiced in its victories, and to-day are at their posts holding the helm and bearing the burden and heat of the day. Other successful pastors followed who did earnest, rigorous and faithful work for the church. Some of these names are "as ointment poured forth," and whose praise is in the church. Weigh, Wilson and Lane will never be forgotten, but "be remembered by what they have done." The present membership of this church is not large. About fifty in good and regular standing, with a prosperous Sabbath school and an excellent library. Under the ministrations of A. A. Cobbledie, the present pastor, the church is in a growing and very prosperous condition. His people appreciate his untiring energies and faithful preaching. BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCHES OF YORK TOWNSHIP. I. J. POTTS, eldest son of Lewis R. Potts, was born on the farm on which he now resides in York township, Belmont county, on the 19th of February, 1825. His father was the first miller at Captina mills, built by Judge Dillon, in 1822. About the year 1832, his father removed to West Wheeling, where our subject obtained a common school education. He worked with his father in West Wheeling mills until 1841, when he returned to Captina and hired with Michael Dorsey as a miller. In 1849 he formed a partnership with Michael and L. .R. Dorsey, which continued ten years, when L. R. Dorsey retired. The firm of Dorsey, Potts then continued until 1872, when Mr. Potts purchased Dorsey's interest, and the business has since been carried on in the name of Potts & Sons. A dry goods store was carried by the firm in connection with the mills, and is now continued by Mr. Potts & Sons. On the 17th of October; 1849, Mr. Potts was married to Mary J. Bryson, of Captina. They are the parents of four children, three sons and one daughter. For about thirty years Mr. Potts has made the milling and mercantile business a success. in the fall of 1875, he was elected commissioner of Belmont county, and served until 1878, when he was re-elected and is filling the office at present. He is recognized as a prudent, able and popular official. FREDERICK DISQUE was born in Bavaria, Germany, on the south side of the river Rhine, March 5, 1784. Be was reared on a farm, and in early life followed milling. Mr. Disque married Mary Catherine Nicklous in the fall of 1806. They became the parents of six children, five sons and one daughter. HENRY DISQUE, the fifth son of Frederick Disque, was born January 2, 1817. He Obtained a common school education, and at the age of fifteen years began to learn the trade of a shoemaker. He left his home and friends in the old world, July 4, 1837, to seek his fortune in the new one. lie landed at New York, September 1st, and pursued his trade as a journeyman in that city till July, 1846. He married Anna Mary Pfeffer, of New York, May 3, 1841, by whom he is the father of eight children; six are yet living, four sons and two daughters. When Mr. .Disque left New York in 1846, he came to Monroe county, Ohio, and located on a small farm, but he very soon learned that farming was not his fort. About this time the town of Powhatan was laid out, and he bought a lot. On this he reared a brick dwelling, in which he still resides, and pursues his former occupation. Mr. Disque was postmaster from 1851 till 1861, has also been treasurer of York township for six years. Mr. bisque's father and daughter maw to Powhatan in 1851, his wife having died a short time before. He died at the advanced age of 84 years, LEWIS BOGER, was born in Wurtemburg, Germany, in the year 1808. The Boger family belonged to the society of Harmonyites, and came to America in 1817. They first came to the village of Harmony in western Pennsylvania, thence to New Harmony, on the Wabash, in Indiana, and finally settled at Economy, in Beaver county, Pennsylvania. Lewis Boger was not suited by nature to the strictures of the society, and ran away, going tc Cincinnati on a keel boat. Some time after this the Boger family seceded from the society, and resided for awhile near Wellsburg, West Virginia. Lewis, who in the meantime had learned the English language, and the " ways of the world," now rejoined the family, and they then settled on Cat's run, in Belmont county. This was in 1833. Lewis married Sevilla Gates, and in 1849 came to Powhatan Point. He bought, in company with his brothers, the mill that was then here, but it was destroyed by fire after they run it one day, and they immediately built a new .one being the present brick structure at Powhatan Point, which was run under the firm name of G. L. & J. .Boger. Afterwards they added the factory. Lewis Boger is now an invalid, being stricken with paralysis. He had a family of four sons and three daughters. Two sons and one daughter are now living.The two sons, John and Jacob, are now running the mill and factory. JOHN BOGER, is the patentee of several useful and scientific inventions. Among these are a steam boat wheel, an ironing board, an apparatus for measuring distances, and a new.method of mixing wool and cotton for fabrics. The "Distance Indicator," as it is called, is a scientific instrument of great promise and value. By means of it any distance may be quickly and accurately ascertained simply by observation. Altitudes and distances between distant objects are also very quickly and easily ascertained. In the opinion of the writer it will create a revolution of the present methods of surveying and calculating distances and altitudes, being an apparatus that will "indicate " any distance or height simply by observation at any given point. JACOB BOGER, SR., farmer, was born in Wurtemburg, Germany, October 9, 1811. In 1817 he was brought to America by his parents, who first stopped in Western Pennsylvania and then settled in Indiana. Here they remained until 1825, when they removed to Beaver county, Pennsylvania. In 1832 his father moved to .Brooke county, West Virginia, near Wellsburg. In the fall of 1833 they came to Belmont county. About 1839 Jacob purchased a half interest with his brothers in a stillhouse on Cats' run, which partnership continued about ten years. In 1849 he and his brothers purchased the flouring mill in Powhatan, and operated it until 1866, when he sold his interest and retired to the farm upon which he now resides. In 1838 he married Miss Christiana Wagner, who was born in January, 1820. They reared a family of eleven children, five sons and six daughters. He has been elected to and filled the offices of township trustee and treasurer. SAMUEL CARPENTER was born October 8, 1846, in Belmont county, Ohio ; assisted his father on the farm until twenty-five years of age. On the 24th of February, 1872, he married Miss HISTORY OF BELMONT AND JEFFERSON COUNTIES - 421 Jemima Pugh, who was born November 28, 1845. They had a family of five children, one son and four daughters ; but three living. Soon after his marriage he located on section 32, where he still resides. In 1876 he was elecfed justice of the peace of York township, serving in that capacity three years. He and his wife are members of the Christian church. SAMUEL KOCHER was born in Belmont county, January 8, 1832; followed farming until 1864, when he enlisted in company C, under Captain Glover, in the 170th O. V. I.; was in five engagements in the same year. After being discharged from the army, he returned home and went to farming. He married Miss Elizabeth Crickburn, who was born May 16, 1840. He is now living on the old farm owned by his father. REUEL P. JOHNSON was born in Richmond, Jefferson county, Ohio, in 1827. He learned his trade, woolen manufacturer, in the Wells & Dickinson mills, of Steubenville, where he worked for three years. He was engaged in various mills in Ohio, Pennsylvania and West Virginia, and followed his trade until 1874, when he came to Powhatan Point, and entered into the business with the Boger brothers, which he has continued till the present time. In 1858 he was married to. Miss Mary A. Varnee, of Freeport, Pa. They have five children living, three sons and two daughters. Mr. Johnson's grandfather was a soldier in the revolution ; was one of the first settlers in Jefferson county, and lived to the advanced age of 110. years and five months. ISAAC RAMSEY, son of John Ramsey, one of the pioneers of Belmont county, was born in 1833. Raised on a farm, and has followed farming and stock raising for a business during life. He purchased and removed to the farm where he now resides in the year 1868. This farm is a part of the tract settled by John Bryson, and on it was located the Indian town called "Grape Vine Town," which is spoken of elsewhere in this work. On the property are also the ruins of two ancient forts, supposed to be relics of the pre-historic Mound Builders. In the bend of the creek, in front of Mr. Ramsey's residence, have been found specimens of lead ore, and on the hill back of his house is a block of stone in which ore was once melted and run in different shapes. Mr. Ramsey married Mary E., daughter of Absalom Martin, of Monroe county, Ohio, in the year 1868. They have eight children living, five sons and three daughters. SAMUEL ABEREGG, farmer, born May 17, 1816, in Switzerland. Migrated to America with his parents in 1826. They located on section 13, in York township, Belmont county, Ohio. Remained with his parents until he arrived at the age of twenty-three. On the 28th of January, 1839, he was married to Miss This Smith, who was born in Monroe county, August 24, 1820. This union resulted in nine children, only four of whom are now living. In 1864 his wife died. In October, 1865, he was again married, to Mrs. Anna Gudjahr. She was born in 1820. By her he reared one child. They are members of St. John’s Church, Monroe county. He is a well-to-do farmer. JERRY A. FISH was born June 22, 1844, in Belmont county, Ohio. In 1861, although but seventeen years of age, he enlisted in Company E. of the 77th 0. V. I. He remained in the service about four years and four months, during which time he was in several active engagements. Honorably discharged March 26, 1865, and returned to his home, when he began the trade of a carpenter under his father. On the 16th day of May, 1870, he married Miss Kafie Trigg, who was born in Indiana, September 7, 1851. This marriage, resulted in two children, one son and daughter. His wife is a member of the Presbyterian Church. Mr. F. is engaged in the hotel business in the village of Powhatan, and keeps a good house. JOHN GIFFIN was born in Scotland, August 28, 1819. Came with his parents to America and settled in Belmont County, Ohio, in 1820. In December, 1846, he married Nancy Giffin, who was born in Pease township, Belmont county, in 1826. She is of Irish extraction. Her parents lived in Jefferson county a short time, then removed to Wheeling, West Virginia, whore they resided for about thirty years. In 1840, they returned to Belmont county. The following is copied from Mr. Giffin's family record : Births—Isabel, born October 1, 1847 ; William W., January 7, 1849 ; James A., September 27, 1850 ; John A., February 5, 1852; Sarah J., November 27, 1853; Alice O., August 26, 1856; Mathew, April 9, 1860; Letitia M., April 5, 1862; Archie, October 15, 1864 ; Lizzie J., October 20, 1869. Deaths —Sarah J., died November 27, 1862 ; Lizzie J., July 20, 1871. DR. E. N. Rinds was born in Pennsylvania, September 22, 1846. In 1854 his father sent him to the Southwestern Normal school, where he obtained a good education. At the age of eighteen he commenced reading medicine with Dr. A. L. Hunter. Attended a medical college in New York State for a short time then went to the Cincinnati Medical Institute where he graduated. In 1869 ho commenced the practice of his profession in Allegheny City, continuing there until 1876, then he removed to Powhatan and began the practice of medicine in that village. Whilst in Allegheney he held several high medical positions, was twice chosen by the people as director of the poor, which office he resigned when taken his departure from there. On the 9th of April, 18N, he married Miss L. C. Abrahams, (the only daughter of Capt. Abrahams) who was born in Belmont county, October 8, 1850. They have one child, a son. JOHN OWENS was born in Maryland, August 24, 1826. In 1833 his parents migrated to Belmont county. At the age of eighteen he commenced boating on the Ohio river and followed that as a business until 1852. In August of same year, he married Mrs. Amelia Ring, who was born June 8, 1829. Their union resulted in one daughter. Soon after his marriage he engaged in farming and tobacco packing, in which he still remains. He and his wife united with the M. E. church in 1860. JOHN G. OWENS was born September 12, 1815, in Belmont county. His father, Henry Owens, came into the county prior to 1800, and was one of Belmont's pioneers. Our subject married Elizabeth Luellen, April 18, 1839, who died, and on the 29t- of March, 1855, he married Mrs. Mary Delong. In 1816 he removed to Monroe county, and after a residence of twenty-one years he returned to Belmont, and came to his present residence on Captina creek, in York township, which farm consisting of 302 acres, he purchased from the heirs of Samuel Glover. Two years after, in 1869, he was elected land appraiser of York township. He had served nine years as a justice of the peace in Monroe county, and was elected to the office in York township soon after he became a resident, but only served eighteen months, when he resigned. In October, 1877, he was again elected justice of the peace, and is now serving in that capacity. He has also served as township trustee for four years. He has a family of ten children—six sons and four daughters. JAMES MCKAIN.—Born in Belmont county, Ohio, July 18, 1825. Lived with his father until twenty years of age. In 1845 he made a trip down to New Orleans. He remained but a short time, and then returned home, hiring out by the month to work on the farm. In December, 1852, he married Miss Matilda Trimble, who was born April 16. 1830. Their marriage resulted in four children—two sons and two daughters. Soon after his wedding he located near Jacobsburg, where he remained one year, and then moved to York township, locating on section 9 for two years. He then returned to near his first home after marriage. Lived there nine years, and in 1867 moved back to York township, on the same section where he now lives. He and his wife united with the Presbyterian church of Powhatan in 1860. MARTIN CALDWELL.—Born in Pennsylvania November 5, 1820. Brought to Belmont county by his parents when a mere child. At the age of twenty-one he made a trip down the Ohio on a produce boat. Be engaged in various pursuits of industry. In March, 1850, he married Miss Agnes J. Graham, who was born in 1817. This union resulted in ten children—six sons and four daughters—two dead. Immediately after his marriage he located on Pipe Creek in Mead township, remaining until the spring of 1864. In that year he purchased a tract of land in York township, on section 27, where he has since remained engaged in agricultural pursuits. JOHN DICKER, born in Germany, March 13, 1836. At the age of eighteen he migrated to Pittsburg, Pennsylvania. He remained in this city for one year, then removed to Steubenville, Jefferson county. In 1865, he came to Belmont county, and soon after enlisted in company "H" of the 193d O. V. I., serving about six months. On Novemher 30, 1865, married Miss Mary A. Waters. She was born in 1839. 'They have a 422 - HISTORY OF BELMONT AND JEFFERSON COUNTIES. family of (seven children—three on and four daughters. In 1869, he purchased land and removed to section 7, York township. Both members of the M. E. church of Jacobsburg. WILLIAM BEABOUT, born in Monroe county, May 20, 1827. He obtained a common school education. In 1842, his father died and the farming all fell upon him to do. He married in 1851 and reared a family of ten children—four sons and six daughters, four of whom arc living. In 1856, he removed to Belmont county, locating in York township, near Powhatan. He purchased a saw-mill in the town which he operated about two years. Sold his mill and traded for town property in 1858. He erected a shop and started gunsmithing, continuing in that business until 1876, with the exception of a few months, during his enlistment in the service. He was a member of Company C, 170th 0. V. I., was out only a short time, but was in five engagements; discharged from the army September 10, 1864, and returned home and resumed his trade. In 1867, he removed on the farm ho now occupies. Both are members of the Powhatan M. E. Church. JACOB KOCHER—Born in Switzerland, January 22,1822. His parents migrated to America and located in Belmont county in 1831, settling near the waters of Captina, where he reared his family and gave them a common school education. Jacob remained with his father until 1851, with whom he had learned the wagon-maker trade. In that year he married Miss Mary Burkhart, who was born January 11,1830. Eleven children resulted from this union—five sons and six daughters, all living excepting one. Soon after his marriage he located on section 25, where he remained eight years, when he bought a farm in the same section, upon which he still lives. Mr. John and Mary Kocher are members of the Dutch Presbyterian church. DAVID GILLASPIE--Born in York township, Belmont county, Ohio, near where he now resides, on the waters of Captina, December 10, 1807 ; received a common school education. In 1841, he married Miss Matilda Gates, who was born in Monroe county, March 19, 1820. Their marriage resulted in three children—one son and two daughters. He remained on the old farm, in section 27. He has held the office of trustee of York township for P. number of years. Mr. Gillaspie and wife are members of the Dover Christian church. A. W. BURKHART—Born in Monroe county, April 1, 1845 ; received a common school education. At the age of eighteen he went to Wheeling and worked in a rolling mill in that city for five months. In 1863, he enlisted in company C, of the 170th O. V. I. ; was in four engagements. He was wounded in the right side during the fourth battle. On the 10th of September, 1864, he was discharged from the service on account of wound. In 1869, he married Miss Mary M. Carpenter, who was born May 13, 1843. Their marriage resulted in five children—oe dead. In 1877, he was elected assessor of York township. He resides on a farm on section 32, a few miles from Steinersville, where he located in 1878. GEORGE W. GREEN was born in Belmont county, June 23, 1835 ; was engaged in farming until the age of 22 years. In the fall of 1856 he went to attend Duff's Mercantile College, of Pittsburgh, and graduated in January, 1857. He then hired to Dorsey & Potts as a clerk in their dry goods store till the breaking out of the rebellion. He served as a second-lieutenant in a company of the hundred day men, and was in several engagements, prominent among which were the battles of Winchester and Harper's Ferry. In September, 1864, he returned home and resumed his old position as clerk, remaining for one year. He then returned to his father's, and assisted in farming for about two years. January 20, 1869, he married Miss Jane Greenley, who was born December 23, 1845. Their marriage resulted in five children, four sons and one daughter, all of whom are living. Mrs. Green is a devoted member of the Powhatan Presbyterian church. OTHO WEST was born in York township, Belmont county, Ohio, September 9, 1830. In 1840 his father died, and he remained with his mother assisting about the farm till at the age of twenty-three years. March 19, 1854, he married Miss Sarah Howard, who was born in Belmont county, December 6, 1833. Their union resulted in six children, three sons and three daughters, five of whom are living. His wife died January 17, 1867, and in the same year he married Miss Mary E. Wallace. Their union resulted in three children, one son and two daughters, all of whom are living. L. H. GREEN, ESQ., was born in Belmont county, February 3, 1825. In the year 1838, at the age of thirteen years, he made a trip down the Ohio and Mississippi rivers to New Orleans, on a trading expedition, continuing in the business a number of years. In 1844 he began merchandizing in the village of Steinersville. In 1848 he sold his stock to Lane & Randolph, and returned to his former occupation on the river. In 1859 he and his father purchased the farm on which he now resides. In 1858 he was commissioned Notary Public by Gov. S. P. Chase, which position he has held ever since. In 1860 was elected Justice of the Peace in York township, and retained said office till the year 1872. While engaged on the river he studied law, and was afterward admitted to the bar, but not with the intention of practicing law. November 27, 1855, he married Miss Emeline Green, who was born December 22, 1829. By this union there were seven children—three sons and four daughfers, all of whom are living. Mrs. Green is a member of the M. E. church. RANDOLPH KUNTZ, grocer and weaver, Steinersville, York township, Belmont county, Ohio. ELECTIONS IN BELMONT COUNTY FOR 1879. The list of county officers and elections of Belmont county, given in the preceding pages of this work were printed before the election of 1879 was held. We therefore give the result for this year as taken from the official abstract: GOVERNOR. Ewing, D - .5356 Foster, R - 5253 Maj. for Ewing - 103 AUDITOR OF STATE. Reemelin D - 5266 Oglevee, - 5263 Maj. for Reemelin. - 3 STATE SENATOR. Conwell, Dem - 5326 Hollingsworth, Rep - 5312 Majority for Conwell - 14 REPRESENTATIVE. Atkinson, Dem - 5224 Hogue, Rep. - 5316 Majority for Atkinson - 8 TREASURER. H. Eafon, Dem - 5377 Lash, Rep - 5255 Majority for Eaton - 122 PROSECUTING ATTORNEY. R. Eaton, Dem - 5279 Mitchell, Rep - 5350 Majority for Mitchell. - 71 COMMISSIONER. Meehan, Dem - 5382 Evans, Rep - 5231 Majority for Meehan - 151 INFIRMARY DIRECTORY. Ritchey, Dem - 5362 Loper, Rep - 5214 Majority for Ritchey - 109 There were eighty-two National votes and twenty Prohibition votes cast in the county. HISTORY OF JEFFERSON COUNTY, OHIO. CHAPTER XXII. ORIGINAL BOUNDARY OF JEFFERSON COUNTY. The first county organized in the North-west Territory, after the cession to the United States, was Washington. From this was taken the territory which embraced the original limits of Jefferson county. By the proclamation of the territorial governor, dated July 29, 1797, the original boundary of Jefferson was prescribed as follows : "Beginning upon the bank of the Ohio river, where the western boundary of Pennsylvania crosses it, and down the said river to the southern boundary of the fourth township in the the third range, (of those seven ranges of townships that were surveyed in conformity to the ordinance of Congress of the 20th of May, 1785,) and with said southern boundary west to the southwest corner of the sixth township of the fifth range ; thence north along the western boundary of said fifth range to the termination thereof; thence due west to the Muskingum river, and up the same to and with the portage between it and the Cuyahoga river ; thence down Cuyahoga to Lake Erie ; thence easterly along the shores of the lake to the boundary of Pensylvania, and south with the same to the place of beginning." The starting point of the original boundary was the northeast corner of township five, range one, and was the beginning place of the first seven ranges ; (now in Columbiana county) thence down the river to the southeast Omer of what is now Belmont county ; thence west along the southern boundary of Belmont county to the southwest corner of what is now Wayne township, in said county ; thence north on the western line of range five through Belmont and what is now Harrison and Carroll counties to the northwest corner of Washington township in the latter county ; thence west on the north line of the first seven ranges to the Tuscarawas river (then Muskingum) ; thence up that stream and over the old Indian portage (through the present city of Akron) to the Cuyahoga river ; thence down that stream to the lake; thence eastwardly along the lake shore to the Pennsylvania line; thence south along the state line to the place of beginning. This area includes all of the present county of Jefferson, over three-fourths of Belmont, more than half of Harrison, three-fourths of Carroll, about seven-eigkths of Stark, more than two-thirds of Summit, nearly half of Cuyahoga, and all of Lake, Geauga, Ashtabula, Trumbull, Portage, Mahoning and Columbiana counties. SUBSEQUENT CHANGES IN THE BOUNDARY OF JEFFERSON COUNTY. In order to compile a history of the changes in the boundaries of Jefferson county, we will give the prescribed boundaries of those counties which were formed out of its original territory, together with the date of their organization in chronological order : BOUNDARY OF TRUMBULL COUNTY—ORGANIZED JULY 10, 1800. "Beginning at the completion of the forty-first degree of north latitude, one hundred and twenty miles west of the western boundary of Pennsylvania, and running from thence by a line to be drawn north parallel to and one hundred and twenty miles west of said west line of Pennsylvania, and to continue north until it comes to forty-two degrees, two minutes north latitude ; thence with a line to be drawn. east, until it intersects the said western boundary of Pennsylvania ; thence with the said western boundary of Pennsylvania south, to the completion of the forty-first degree of north latitude, and from thence west to the place of beginning." BOUNDARY OF BELMONT COUNTY—ORGANIZED SEPTEMBER 7, 1801. "Beginning on the Ohio river, at the middle of the fourth township of the second range of townships, in the seven ranges, and running with the line between the third and fourth sections of that township west, to the western boundary of the said seven ranges ; thence south with the said western boundary to the middle of the fifth township, in the seventh range of townships; thence east with the line between the third and fourth sections of the fifth township, to the Ohio river, and from thence with the Ohio river to the place of beginning." BOUNDARY OF COLUMBIANA COUNTY—ORGANIZED MARCH 25, 1803. [From first vorume, Ohio Statutes, page 15.] SEC. 1. That all that part of the counties of Jefferson and Washington as comes within the following boundaries, be, and the same is hereby laid off and erected into a separate county, which shall be known by the name of Columbiana : Beginning at the mouth of Yellow creek, on the north side of the same ; thence up said creek, with the meanders thereof to the northern boundary of the eighth township in the second range ; thence with the same, west, to the western boundary of the seventh range; thence north, to the northwest corner of the sixteenth township in the said seventh range ; thence west, on the south boundary of the ninth township in the eighth and ninth ranges to the Muskingum river ; thence up the said river, with the meanders thereof, to the southern boundary of the county of Trumbull ; thence with the same east, to the Pennsylvania line ; thence with the said line south, to the Ohio river ; thence down the same, with the meanders thereof, to the beginning. SEC. 2. That from and after the first day of May next, the said county shall be vested with all the powers, privileges and immunities of a separate and distinct county." This took from Jefferson the northern portion of what is now Saline township and nearly all of Brush creek township. PART OF THE FIRST SEVEN RANGES ATTACHED TO JEFFERSON COUNTY JANUARY 31, 1807. [Ohio Statutes, Volume 5, Page 104.1 SECTION 1. That all that part of the seven ranges of townships, surveyed under the authority of the United States, which lies west of the western boundary of the county of Jefferson, be, and the same is hereby, attached to and made a part of, the county of Jefferson ; and all officers of the county of Jefferson or elsewhere, are hereby required to govern themselves accordingly." This added to Jefferson all of the present county of Harrison, a portion of the eastern side of Tuscarawas, and the southwestern part of Carroll county. PART OF JEFFERSON ATTACHED TO TUSCARAWAS COUNTY, FEBRUARY 11, 1809. [Ohio Statutes, Volume 7, Page 142.] SEC. 1. "That so much of the county of Jefferson, as lies west of the fifth range, be, and the same is hereby annexed to, and made a part of the county of Tuscarawas." BOUNDARY OF HARRISON COUNTY—ORGANIZED JANUARY 2, 1813—TOOK EFFECT JANUARY 1,1814. [Ohio Statutes, Volume 11, Page 11.] SEC. 1. " That all that part of the counties of Jefferson and Tuscarawas, included within the following limits, to-wit : beginning at the point on the range line between the third and fourth ranges of townships in the Steubenville district, where the north line of the county of Belmont crosses the same ; thence north, 424 - HISTORY of BELMONT AND JEFFERSON COUNTIES. on the range line to the centre of township number eleven, in the fourth range; thence west through the centre of said township until it intersects the range lie between the fourth and fifth ranges ; thence north to the southern boundary lie of Columbiana and Stark counties to the centre of township fourteen in the sixth range ; thence south through the fourteenth and thirteenth townships to the south boundary lie of the thirteenth township, in the sixth range ; thence west with said township line to the line between the sixth and seventh ranges ; thence south with said range line to the line between the twelfth and thirteenth townships of the seventh range ; thence west to the west boundary line of the seventh range ; thence south with said range lie to the northern boundary of Guernsey and Belmont counties; thence east with said county line to the place of beginning, shall be a separate and distinct county by the name of the county of Harrison." BOUNDARY OF CARROLL COUNTY—ORGANIZED DECEMBER 25, 1832. [Ohio Laws, Volume 30.] SEC. 1. Be it enacted by the General Assembly of the state of Ohio, that so much of the counties of Columbiana, Stark, Tuscarawas, Harrison and Jefferson as comes within the following boundaries, be, and the same is hereby erected into a separate county, which shall be known by the name of Carroll, to-wit : Beginning at the southeast corner of section one, in township thirteen, range four, in the county of Columbiana, thence north six miles to the northeast corner of section six, in township and range aforesaid, thence west three miles to the northwest corner of section eighteen, township and range aforesaid, thence north six miles to the northeast corner of section four, township fourteen, range aforesaid, thence west seventeen miles to the northwest corner of section two, township seventeen, range seven, in Stark county ; thence south between five and six miles to the southwest corner of section twenty-six, township and range aforesaid ; thence west four miles to the northwest corer'of section thirty-six, township sixteen, range aforesaid; thence south six miles to the southwest corner of section thirty-one, township and range aforesaid ; thence east three miles to the northwest corner of section eighteen, in township fifteen and range aforesaid, in Tuscarawas county ; thence south nie miles to the southwest corer of section sixteen in township fourteen, range aforesaid ; thence east seventeen miles to the southeast corner of section twenty-eight, township eleven, range four, in Jefferson county; thence north three miles to the northeast corner of section thirty, township and range aforesaid ; thence east one mile to the northeast corner of section twenty-four, township and range aforesaid ; thence north six miles to the northeast corner of section twenty-four, in township twelve, range aforesaid; thence east three miles to the place of beginning. ALTERATION OF THE ORIGINAL BOUNDARY LINE BETWEEN COLUMBIANA AND JEFFERSON, DECEMBER 25, 1832. [Ohio Laws, Volume 30.] SEC 2. That all that part of Columbiana county lying within the following boundaries, to-wit : Beginning at the northeast corner of section three, in township thirteen, range four; thence due east six miles to the northeast corner of section three, in township twelve, range three ; thence south one mile, to the southeast corner of section three, township and range aforesaid ; thence due east to the Ohio river; thence down the river with the meanderings thereof to the termination of the eastern boundary line of Jefferson county, on the said river ; thence west along the present boundary line between the counties of Colum- biana and Jefferson, to the southeast corer of section one, in township thirteen, range four; thence north three miles to the place of beginning, be, and the same is hereby attached to and made a part of the county of Jefferson. FIRST DIVISION OF THE COUNTY INTO TOWNSHIPS. The first division of the Jefferson county for civil purposes under the State constitution was made on the 10th day of May, 1803, as follows : FIRST—WARREN TOWNSHIP. "Beginning on the Ohio river at the lower end of the county, thence west with the county lie to the center he of the seventh township and third range ; thence north with said center lie until it strikes the north boundary of the eighth township and third range ; thence east with the township lines to the Ohio, thence down the Ohio to the place of beginning. Three Justices of the Peace to be elected in said township and the election to be held at George Humphrey's mill." SECOND—SHORT CREEK TOWNSHIP. " Beginning at the southwest corer of Warren township, thence west with the county lie to the western boundary of the county, thence north with the county line to the northwest corner of the eleventh township and sixth range ; thence east with the township lines until it strikes the northwest corner of Warren township, thence south to the place of beginning. Two Justices of the Peace to be elected in said township, and the election to be held at the house of Isaac Thorn." THIRD—ARCHER TOWNSHIP. " Beginning at the northwest corner of Shortcreek township, thence north with the county lie until it strikes the north boundary of the 34th section in the 13th township and sixth range, thence east with the said lie until it strikes the western boundary of the second range ; thence south with said range line until it strikes Shortcreek township ; thence west with the township line to the place of beginning. Three Justices of the Peace to be elected in said township, and the election to be held at Jacob Ong's mill, formerly McGrew's mill." FOURTH—STEUBENVILLE TOWNSHIP. Beginning at the northeast corner of Archer township, thence east to the Ohio river, thence with the meanderings of the river until it strikes the line of Warren township ; thence West with the line of Warren township until it strikes the southeast corer of Archer township ; thence with the line of Archer township to the place of beginning. Four Justices of the Peace to be elected in said township, and the election to be held at the court house in Steubenville. FIFTH—KNOX TOWNSHIP. "Beginning at the northeast corner of Steubenville township ; thence west to the western boundary of the county ; thence with the county line until it strikes the line of Columbiana county ; thence east with the line of Columbiana county to the Ohio river; thence with the meanderings of the river to the place of beginning. Two Justices of the Peace to be elected in said township, and the election to be held at the house of Henry Pittenger." THE FIRST RECORDED DEED. The first deed recorded in the county of Jefferson is from the United States. to Ephraim Kimberly, and is a three hundred acre tract of land on the west bank of the Ohio river, near Indian Short creek, within the Territory of the Northwest.' This land warrant was issued to said Kimberly for his service in the American army. The deed says: " To 'include the land where he resided or as convenient thereto as may be, provided, he does not interfere with any existing claim, location or survey." The deed was given under seal at Philadelphia in 1795, and signed by George, Washington. Surveyed by Absalom. Martin. THE FIRST WILLS RECORDED IN JEFFERSON COUNTY—A SAMPLE OF YE OLDEN TIME DOCUMENTS. The Last Will and Testament of John Cross : "In the name of God amen of the west side of the Ohio river farmer being very sick and weak in or in perfect health of body but or and of perfect mind and memory thanks be given unto God calling into mind the mortality of my body and knowing that it is appointed for all men once to die do make and ordain this my last will and testament. That is to say principally and first of all I give and recommend my soul into the hands of Almighty God that gave it and my body I recommend to the earth to be buried in decent Christian burial at the discretion of my executors nothing doubting but at the general resurrection I shall receive the same again by the mighty power of God and as touching such worldly estate wherewith it hath pleased God to bless me in this life I give demise and dispose Of the same in the following manner and form : First I give unto my son Benjamin Cross all the carpenters and joiners tools on the plantation and the bed that is called the boys bed to be given unto him and one cow and to take the first choice.