HISTORY OF BELMONT AND JEFFERSON COUNTIES - 475

STEUBENVILLE'S MILITARY.

On the opening of the present year, Steubenville bad three military companies, as follows :

COMPANY A—Second Regiment O. N. G., or more familiarly known locally as the "Baron Guards." Captain, E. Zimmerman; first lieutenant, W Amick ; second lieutenant, B. Matthews.

COMPANY B—Second Regiment. O. N. G., or, better known as the "Herman Guards." Captain, -- Floto; first lieutenant, H. Oyer; second lieutenant, W. Tellers. Disbanded in July last.

COMPANY C—Second Regiment O. N. G., or "McCook Guards." Captain, A. Riley ; first lieutenant, H. M. Oyer ; second lieutenant, Ross Noble. Disbanded in July last.

In consequence of a recent general reduction in the number of home guards, "B" and "C" companies were given up, but company A, originally known as the "Jefferson Guards," and now styled the "Baron Guards," out of compliment to C. S. S. Baron, their late highly esteemed Colonel, residing at Bellaire, still flouishes. The colonel of the Second regiment is L. P. Harper, of Barnesville ; Lieutenant Colonel, G. W. Sheppard, of Barnesville, and Major, E. T. Petty, of Barnesville. The regiment, as at present composed, numbers about 500 to 600 rank and file, and commands a first class band, resident at Athens.

The present armory in Steubenville was dedicated in September, 1877, being furnished by the city. It is a capital building for the purpose, 70x42, one story, and fitted with excellent glass pannelled cases wherein to stack their arms.

Company A has at present a roll of seventy-two members, and the boys are not lacking in military interest, as evidenced by the remarkable neatness and cleanliness of their quarters and arms.

STEUBENVILLE CADETS.

A company of youths, between the ages of sixteen and twenty years, was organized September 10, 1879, under the above style, and we are given to understand have elected their officers as follows: Captain, W. C. Brandenburg ; first lieutenant, Chas. Hamilton ; second lieutenant, H. C. Hull. The youthful aspirants to military fame are most sanguine of their succsss as a military organization, and propose infusing considerable spirit into their undertaking.

A PRIVATE DRUM CORPS

Is much talked of if not decided upon, the names of members having been taken, who promise to provide their own uniforms, teachers and time, if the recent reunion committee, who have a round surplus of cash in hand from the late loan exhibition and celebration, will provide them with instruments.

SOCIETIES, ORDERS, &C., IN STUEBENVILLE

There are two probably thirty or forty various organizations, benefit or mutual, entitled to mention under this head, the most prominent of which we enumerate, with a lengthier reference to those of special distinction:

Of these about 2,400 are enrolled in the different schools, and as even those who pass through the High School course graduate a considerable length of time before reaching twenty-one, while many stop with the first year of the course or even at the end of the Grammar school it will be seen that taking out invalids, those at school elsewhere, at work and left off the enrollment for good and sufficient causes, the proportion left in idleness is perhaps as small as any other place where compulsory education does not exist."

STEUBENVILLE'S TRADESMEN.

BRIEF REFERENCES TO SOME OF THE PAST AND SOME OF THE PRESENT.

Though the perusal of historical facts may be interesting to many, and, without doubt, valuable to every one desiring to become well informed, yet the recounting of bygones would find little favor in any direction were it not for variety. Hence we propose briefly to afford some idea of the generation now almost entirely gone, who formed the nucleus to the present commercial prestige of Steubenville. Simply a few pen sketches, picked up in our canvass for information, and as depicted by such of the good old pioneers who are still left among us to swell the pages of history with their honored recollections of

OUR EARLIEST BUSINESS MEN.

Prior to, and during the years 1800 to 1805—or from 1798 to 1805—a period of seven years, it is true that settlers were exceedingly limited in this section, and in proportion tradesmen were few, yet too many, taking the whole, for us to expatiate upon, therefore we have resolved only to give such as it has happened to be our privilege to hear the most about. We would therefore have it distinctly understood that the references to be hereinafter made are submitted without the slightest regard to favor or partiality :

BAZALEEL WELLS, the founder of Steubenville, was born in Baltimore county, Maryland, in 1769. His father, Alexander Wells, had a grant of land containing about fifteen hundred acres situated in Washington county, Pennsylvania, on Cross creek about equidistant from the site of Washington and Steubenville. The latter was one of the pioneers of Washington county. The date of his location in that section is unknown, but suffice it to say that Bazaleel joined his father in that county when he was about thirteen years old. He found his father located in a fort at Well's Mill, on Cross creek, and for the following three years his chief occupation was carrying arms for the men who resided in the fort for fear of the Indians, and were engaged in farming labors, in its vicinity. The Indians attacked the fort several times, but fortunately, none of the Wells' were injured. In later years Alexander removed to Wellsburg, Brooke county Virginia, where he died in 1813, at the age of eighty-six. His wife was Leah Owens, a daughter of the pioneer Owens of Ohio and Brooke counties, Virginia. She died on the 20th of February, 1815, nearly eighty-seven years old. Our subject received a good education considering the times, and became one of the best known surveyors in the Ohio valley. He purchased (1100) eleven hundred acres of land including the site of Steubenville, at the Original sale in 1797, and laid out the town in that year. He was the first Prothonotary of Jefferson county, and was as capable and efficient as an official, as he was and had been as surveyor. He was a delegate to the convention that formed the first constitution of Ohio, and to his personal effort the State is indebted for many excellent provisions of that constitution. He was the first to engage in the manufacture of woolen goods, in 1814, and continued in that business for many years. The factory was erected in 1813 and 1814, and was the pioneer woolen mill west of the Allegheny mountains. The old dye house is still standing. He engaged in farming and sheep raising, and was among the first in introducing better grades of wool in this section of the Ohio valley. In 1820, in connection with Augustus Koeb, he entered into the production of copperas, and their works was the first west of the mountains, and were operated successfully by him and partners until 1843. He attended also to land matters ; made various surveys, not only in this county of Jefferson, but in many portions of the State. He was the original proprietor of Canton, Stark county, Ohio, and laid out a town for the seat of justice of Wayne county, Ohio. Every citizen is acquainted with the beautiful county seat of Stark and its success, as well as with Steubenville, may gaze upon them as fitting monuments to the memory of the far-seeing surveyor and. proprietor. The town of Wayne died "a born in' " as the commissioners decided upon the site since known as Wooster. He is described as being an exceedingly fine man—standing over six feet high—with a most agreeable, serene countenance and keen blue eye. In frankness, candor and enterprise he had few equals, while in his moral character he was exemplary. His heart was abundantly stored with sympathy and generosity, and his honor and integrity he cherished with a zealous care that left little question as to his christian aspirations. To the last he was active and enterprising, ever engaged in operations looking to the advancement of his town and state. He died in August, 1846, seventy-seven years of age. His wife was Sarah Griffith, daughter of Hezekiah Griffith, of Wellsburg, Brooke county, Virginia, who subsequently removed to the vicinity of Phillipsburg, (now catled Lagrange) Jefferson county, Ohio. She died in 1839, at the age of fifty. She was beloved by every one who knew her, and many are there yet living, upon whose hearts are indelibly engraved sentiments of gratitude to .the worthy pair whom it is universally hoped have entered upon their due reward for well-spent lives. Their children were: Catharine W., deceased, married to John McDowell, deceased ; Rebecca R,, deceased, married first to Rev. Philander Chase, deceased, and second to Rev. Intrepid Morse, deceased, rector of St. Paul's Protestant Episcopal parish of Steubenville, for forty-five years ; James R., deceased, married to Elizabeth Wilson, deceased; Samuel Owings, deceased, married to Lucinda Holmes, deceased ; Alexander, deceased ; Bazaleel, deceased; Hezekiah G., married to Axsah Strong ; Francis A. born in Steubenville, in 1813, married in 1840, Jane C. Boggs ; engaged in the woolen mill for six years ; postmaster of Steubenville from 1849 to 1853 ; for several years engaged in horticultural pursuits ; children : Sarah G., John B. Bazaleel, deceased; Agnes L., and Frank C.; Ann C., married to the Rev. Ezra Kellogg, deceased ; Sarah G., deceased, married to Rev. Dudley Chase, and. Mary, who is also deceased.

HANS WILSON, was a short, dark complexioned, round shouldered man, clean shaved, always dressed very plain, and is said to have been economical to parsimony—yet strictly honest and a most consistent member of the Presbyterian church. The land of his nativity was Ireland, and he came to America when quite young. On his arrival in this section, he first threshed for a living, with the old flail until he had secured money enough to make a start upon the road with a pack. After this he opened a small log store, where the court house now stands. Success attending his efforts, he grew from strength to strength, ultimately presiding over one of the most important business houses in the city, and at his death, he is said to have left in the neighborhood of a quarter of a million dollars. As a proof of his attachment to his church, we learn that at his death, after making due provision for the support of his wife he left the whole of the residue to the Home and Foreign Missionary Societies. He never aspired to any public office whatever, but diligently applied himself to commercial pursuits, in which, particularly as a money lender, he proved highly successful.

JOHN ENGLAND, a native of Pennsylvania; was also among the first settlers. He was a bachelor and an exceedingly fine looking man. He presided over a general store on the southeast corner of Market square, was brought up a Quaker, and of course was very particular in the preservation of his integrity. He was a man of considerable executive ability and proved very successful in business. On his retirement therefrom he was appointed one of the associate judges of the Court of Common Pleas, subsequently ending his days on his farm in Cross creek township. He was always a warm politician and strong in his advocacy of democratic principles.

JOHN WARD, a native of Ireland, married a daughter of Col. McLain, of Uniontown ; came here in 1798, and first settled on a lot on the corner of Third and High streets, where he kept a

HISTORY OF BELMONT AND JEFFERSON COUNTIES - 479

boarding-house for a while to accommodate the court officials. lie proved a most popular man, and became prothonotary of the court, (succeeding Bazaleel Wells) which office he held till 1810. In 1800 he built the old United States House, (old part) fronting on Market street. After 1810 he conducted merchandizing down to 1817. Some of his daughters will be found the first female children born in this section. The present store of Mahon & Maxwell he built for himself as a private residence, and died April 30, 1840. His family are all dead, with the exception of the youngest daughter, now Mrs. Gerome, of Bloomfield,

MARTIN ANDREWS was also a very early settler, and at first traded in hats and furs two doors north of Hans Wilson's store, on Third street. He traded a long while with New Orleans, by water, and became a wealthy merchant.• He was once a director in the Jefferson branch of the State Bank of Ohio, and died about 1850. He has a son, Martin, still living, who is engaged as a land agent in Chicago.

MOSES HALE.—We have been unable to ascertain any lengthened account of this gentleman, but he was one of our first dry goods merchants, in company with his brother, keeping a store adjoining, and north of Hans Wilson's store, on Third street. He was a shrewd and successful merchant, a strong Methodist, and a tradesman very popular among the people, w hat might seem strange in these days.

" 'SQUIRE " JENKINSON kept the " Red Lion" tavern, and, besides being a J. P., was also township trustee for a number of years. He was a most conscientious, upright man, and made a decided success of business. He left a son, John, who is still living in this state, and his daughter (now deceased) became the wife of Capt. Spencer, still a resident of Steubenville, and among its many good old stand-by residents.

BENJAMIN DOYLE came from Maryland in 1798, and was probably the very first to open up a manufacturing business here, establishing a tannery on the head of North street the same year of his arrival. He is described as having been a sedate, matter of fact man—quick and close at business, a strict Episcopalian by persuasion, and a man of very respectful demeanor, which commanded for him the highest respect wherever he went. Nor was his lady less esteemed for her many excellent virtues and sympathetic disposition. Mr. Doyle, it is said, was the means of providing the first city well (before water works were thought of), and which was sunk where the Court House now stands. He also served as jailor under Sheriff Swearengen for several years, and while in that capacity passed, it is hoped, to a better land. His only immediate descendant out of a family of nine children, residing among us, is his son, Col. Alexander Doyle. who has spent an active and prosperous career in our midst, and is at present indulging the quietude of retired life.

Though we should add, that of his grandchildren and great grandchildren there still remains quite a number in this community who are equally perpetuating the many commendable traits of the family name of their worthy pioneer ancestors.

Wm. R. DICKINSON was characterized for his gentility and deportment, coming here about 1805. He was originally in the land office at Chillicothe, and a man of more than ordinary ability. For many years he was partner in, and cashier for the First Bank of Steubenville, and became a partner with Bazaleel Wells in the first woolen mill that opened here. He also used to keep a large number of sheep, and was quite a connoisseur of the finest breeds, he and Mr. Wells being the first to introduce the famous Merino breed of sheep into this country. We have it on the best of authority, that they gave no less than $700 for the famous buck "Bolivar," and from $250 to $400 each for their thoroughbred stock ewes. The same quality may now be purchased for from one-sixth to one-eighth of that price. Mr. Dickinson's first wife was the daughter of the late Dr. McDowell, the pioneer physician in this section, and his second wife was a Miss Johnson, a niece of the Dr. Mr. D. was the father of two fine daughters. Moving to Texas himself, he subsequently died, but we are not advised of the precise date. One of the daughters referred to, became the wife of a Mr. Peebles of Pittsburgh, and now lives in Lawrence county, Pa. The other married a Mr. Riddle, of Pittsburgh, now deceased, but Mrs. Riddle is at present residing in Philadelphia. One of her daughters has become the wife of Thomas Scott, Esq., the famous railroad manager.

JOHN GALBRAITH was another very prosperous tradesman in his day. He was a native of Ireland, and came to this part of the country in 1799, or thereabouts. He was a short, stout-built man, and by his affability in social life commanded a large circle of friends, He was hardly so successful as a politician—for ,his sympathies, we are told, flowed in such a direction, and frequently to such an extent, as to militate somewhat against his otherwise popular career. He was the first postmaster appointed in Steubenville, and worthily opened up that institu- tion, which he represented for several years. He had a family of two sons and four daughters. As a tradesman he decidedly made his mark in the world—amassed considerable property and is said to have died wealthy. He owned considerable land in Stark and Wayne counties, and besides other property that desirable business corner where McConville's store stands, together with several adjacent lots. He was a man who showed an excellent local spirit, and once filled the position of county recorder. He died about 1830-1.

PHILIP CABLE, a native of Berks county, Pa., was also a pioneer of 1795—if not before—and one of the most notable ancients of this section. He was appointed judge of the territorial court, and was subsequently a justice of the peace for Jefferson county. Those who knew him in life ascribe to him all the honor due to a "righteous judge," and of his private life speak in the highest praise. He had four sons, Benjamin, Samuel, Ephraim and Andrew, now all dead, and one daughter, Delila. One eccentricity he cultivated, however, which usually gave zest to the nuptials he performed. fie was very popular among the young folks who desired to enter the holy bonds, and he is said to hays had such an excellent practice that ho adopted a sort of brief stereotypcd ceremony that invariably wound up with the words: "Give me my dollar, kiss your bride, and go about your business." Having no one present on one occasion but the bride and bridegroom, he called in his wife and colored servant, saying :—"In the presence of my wife, Dolly, and Black Harry, 1 pronounce you man and wife —give me my dollar, &c."

SAMUEL HUNTER was another of the 1798 arrivals in this vicinity, and one who located on the excellent business site at present occupied by Mr. Jones Manker, He was a most diligent business man, affable and prompt in his engagements. He was warmly attached to the Presbyterian Church and an active citizen in the interests of the young town, filling the position of town and county treasurer for many years. His son, James, was the first white male child born in Steubenville, and still lives, at a round old age, in California, where he carries on a large dairy. Samuel Hunter kept a general store in Steubenville for many years, came into good circumstances, and about 1825 left for Knoxville, where he put up a flouring and grist mill, opened a store, and for many years conducted a prosperous business.

COL. TODD, born in 1764, came here in a very early daylong before 1814—and kept the tavern known by the sign of the "Cross Keys," on the lot where Garrett's hall now stands. He was in Pennsylvania during the whisky insurrection, and is said to have been heard remark that he took a prominent part in that revolt. He is represented as having been a good, whole souled, geniel man, very upright, and extremely popular as "mine host." He had one son, William, who died about 1823 or '24; but several daughters. The oldest married the late Wm. Johnson, farmer; another became Mrs. Robert Hanlan, woolen manufacturer; another became Mrs. Wm. Findly; another Mrs. O'Neil, and yet another Mrs. James Turnbull. The colonel died between 1830-40, but his lady lived several years after him. He was originally a warm "Jeffersonian," and later found pleasure in supporting Henry Clay,

ELI H. MCFEELY, to whom we, as well as our readers, are largely indebted for a vast amount of interesting data concerning Steubenville, in the foregoing chapters, though at present in his 78th year, can verily be likened only to an "encyclopaedia of local information " based on the accuracy of " Webster's Dictionary." The old gentleman—as the name infers—is a descendant from the Emerald Isle, his grandfather, Edward McFeely, coming from Dublin to America while in the service of the British government, prior to the Revolution, about 1754. After Braddock's defeat, being yet a young man, though suffering from a severe wound, and, remembering that his late trip over the Atlantic had deprived him of the sight of land for seventeen weeks, he returned home, and in Londonderry "plighted his troth" to a dark-eyed Emerald beauty, whose mother's pride

480 - HISTORY OF BELMONT AND JEFFERSON COUNTIES.

it was to narrate her experience during the siege of Derry and at the Battle of Boyne Water in 1691. He returned with his young bride and first settled in Huntingdon county, P., where he was killed several years after by the caving in of a well. Our subjects father was born 3d of August, 1775, and was married on the big rock in the Potomac river, Harper's Ferry, to Elizabeth Hawk, daughter of Elijah Hawk, of .Bucks county, Pa., who was also through the Revolutionary war, in the commissary department. They had issue, as follows : Enoch, born in 1799, who was ultimately engaged in steamboating with Capt. Henry Shrieve, and was on the " Washington" when she blew up, and, though he then escaped with his life, he died on board the same boat in 1817, of yellow fever, during a trip from New Orleans to Louisville. Elijah was born in 1801, and became a miller, but all trace of his whereabouts has been lost sight of since. 1860, when he was living in Indiana. Eli (our subject) was the third son, born in 1802, and of whom we shall yet have much to say. John was born in 1803, and became a woolen manufacturer, living in Steubenville from a boy of fourteen years until he was forty-three. In late years he resided at Mt. Pleasant; removed from there to Iowa, and, subsequently, in that state, died. Gabriel, born_ in 1805, originally employed himself at woolen manufacture, but for the past ten or twelve years, as at present, he has held a position at the P., C. & St. L. R. R. car shops in Steubenville. Iram was born in 1806 ; also took to the woolen manufacture, but died in 1835. Silas, born in 1811, became a blacksmith, served his time in Pittsburgh, went to Orleans, and there died in 1837. James was born in 1815, applied himself to the business of painter and cabinet maker, and still resides in Starke. county. Eli (our subject) came with his parents to Steubenville on the 20th of October, 1814, and first learned the woolen manufacture with B. Wells & Co. He remained with them till 1827, and then carried on spinning and weaving on his own account—doing country work, in a small way—until the spring of 1829, when he started a mill on Island Creek. In 1831 he went to Wheeling and ran a mill for Mr. Chapline till the fall of 1832, when he returned to Steubenville and remained at Wolcott's factory down to 1835. Then, associating with Mr. T. Viers, he went into the manufacture of jeans for twelve or eighteen months, after which he put in five years at coloring for Orth & Wallace and the Rockville factory, next running a dye shop on his own account until 1845. In 1844 he was elected, and in 1847 re-elected, justice for Steubenville township, serving six years. In 1850 he went into the grocery business on Market street, and remained therein for twelve years. But, as an old soldier loves the smell of gunpowder, so our subject experienced a desire to return to his old love, and we find him from 1862 until the close of the war once more in the factory business with his eldest son, John, and Mr. McDevitt. After this he became collector for his sons, who were in business, remaining with them until two years ago, when he finally retired from active pursuits, having played a busy and most effective part on the stage of life for over three-score years, during which he was also notary public for the banks from 1845 to 1879. He married Elizabeth, second daughter of John Ward, one of Steubenville's first merchants. She was the third white female child born here, and became the mother of five sons and five daughters. John, George, Eli and Joseph are yet living in this county, and Alexander in .California. Eliza Ann, now Mrs. Joseph Doyle ; Harriet, now Mrs. William Caldwell; Mary, Mrs. Joseph Phillips, of Allegheny, Pa.; Emma, Mrs. John L. Myers, and Margaret, now Mrs. Albert Piersing, of Pittsburgh, Pa. Our subject was married in 1823, and after fifty-two years of wedded life, sacrificed his excellent wife in the seventy-second year of her age, her family, prior to being married—which consisted of some ten sisters and brothers—being now all deceased, except one, Mary, now Mrs. William Jerome, of Bloomfield, Ohio. Our subject is a genuine type of the fine old pioneer, and is still blessed with a good constitution, the result of youthful discretion. He is a perfect mine of information, backed with a marvelous memory, enjoys social chat and a streak of wit with the best ; spends his days even yet in improving his talents, and, take him for his all in all—go when he may—his likes well seldom see again.

TRADESMEN OF THE PRESENT DAY.

WINFIELD SCOTT, of 114-16 South Fourth street, is among the most prominent and active merchants in Steubenville today. His present business, in wooden and willow ware, rope, twine, cordage, groceries and dry goods, was originally established by his father, some forty years ago. The old gentleman died in 1876. Winfield is a very popular and energetic tradesman—his excellent store is kept stocked to repletion, and, by materfamilias, is looked upon as headquarters in its lines of goods. Mr. Scott also packs pork, in its season, to a very considerable extent.

J. W. FORNEY, 405 Market street, may be said to preside over by far the handsomest and most costly stocked watch, clock and jewelry store in Jefferson or Belmont counties—in fact, equal with many of the best in the state. He is a gentleman it is a privilege to trade with, as his competency in the business and strict integrity command for him the most implicit confidence of patrons. A glance over his elegantly adorned store never fails to entertain, as no house is more prompt in keeping pace with latest novelties as introduced by the fickle caprices of fashionable society.

HARRY'S PHOTOGRAPHIC ART GALLERY.—Mr. Harry came from Wooster to this city about four years ago ; is an honest, accomplished artist, and presides over one of the finest photographic institutions in this section of the state, comprising the upper stories over 405 and 407 Market street. An inspection of Mr. Harry's excellent work tells its own story without eulogism, and few treats can prove more enjoyable than an inspection of his works of art at the above address—among them being quite a number of popular citizens and eminent. persons.

A HAMILTON, wholesale and retail , bookseller and stationer, dealer in paper hangings, window shades, shading cloths, fixtures, school books and staple and fancy stationery, 411 Market street, continues the business of the oldest and probably most popular house, in its line, in Jefferson county. This was the pioneer book and stationery house, started by- Mr. James Turnbull so early as 1816, and which has flourished ever since, Mr. Hamilton taking charge of it fourteen years ago. The visitor to Mr. H.'s store will find that it discloses a fascinating and varied stock, at once a compliment to any city, and whoever there bestows their patronage in hopes of being pleased, may rely they will retire more than delighted.

GILBERT G. GASTON, wholesale dealer in hardware, cutlery, wagon material, bar iron, etc., and agent for the Buffalo Scales, No. 513 Market street, came from Liverpool, Columbiana county, some three years ago. He is a tradesman endowed with extraordinary enterprise, and has established a business in the city highly complimentary to his ability and perseverance. His excellent store is headquarters for all kinds of small farm implements as well as builders' hardware and cutlery, while it is his privilege to command equally the confidence and support of country people and citizens, whom he serves alike with squareness and liberality.

JAMES S. FOSTER, wholesale druggist, 107 south Fourth street, has been in the business for the last sixteen or seventeen. years, but has been located on Fourth street only some six or seven years of that time. He is a thorougly practical man, and the Store he conducts is appointed with a taste and completeness rarely excelled. Oils, paints, varnishes, brushes, and an elegant line of fancy goods also enter into his trade, and his satisfactory mode of conducting business retains for him a flattering trade.

EVANS & TURNER are proprietors of the leading, and only exclusive wholesale and retail oyster house and ice cream depot in the city, being located at 415 Market street. The house was esfablished in 1870, though Mr. Turner may be said to have had a life's experience in the business. These gentlemen not only wholesale their goods, but have elegantly fitted parlors for ladies or gentlemen, and entertain their patrons with abundant satisfaction. They also contract liberally for parties.

THOMAS BARCLAY, a native of Pittsburgh, came here forty-three years ago, and since 1862 has been conducting a first-class grocery and provision business on Market street, his present address being No. 522. He is a gentleman with wide experience in trading, and the completeness of his stock,, added to the superior quality of his goods, account in no measured degree for the satisfactory trade it is his privilege to enjoy..

M. L. MILLER, dispensing druggist, 130 North Fourth street, presides over one of the neatest and most replete houses on that prominent thoroughfare, being also a thoroughly qualified busi-

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ness man whose success in the past attests to the importance and popularity of his attractive store. Dispensing here receives the utmost attention, proprietary medicines of every kind are kept in stock, while in the way of fine toilet requisites, perfumes, fancy soaps and other society attractions, no house in the city affords a more fascinating variety.

CHARLES SPECHT, confectioner and proprietor of the popular " Star Bakery," 130 north Fourth street, though by no means an old resident, is among the most enterprising, competent and worthy tradesmen, whose competency in his calling, and liberal mode of trading, it is gratifying to observe retain for him patronage from the best society. Mr. Specht, only a few years ago, came here a comparative stranger, but an expert in his business—erected his present fine block and has secured a trade that is an honor to integrity and perseverance—the exceeding attractiveness of his store, mainly in charge of Mrs. Specht, redounding largely to the credit of that lady's superior taste and efficient co-operation.

D. FILSON & SON'S fine art studio and photographic gallery, 319 Market street (over the Herald office) is among Steubenville's most attractive institutions, wherein may be seen the likeness of nearly all the old pioneers, dead or living, numberless views of interesting local scenery, and specimen pictures in oil, water colors, ink and crayon, forming a most delightful feast for the art critic and lover of nature in art. Mr. Filson's work in the manipulation of the camera and chemicals, speaks volumes to his ability and entitles him to unlimited confidence and support. Of his son, Mr. Charles T. Filson, as a crayon artist, we cannot speak too highly—as his studies attest —and judging from present indications, with the advantages of comparative youth on his side, we expect for him a flattering popularity in the near future. We cannot too strongly recommend a visit to this studio for a feast of enjoyment to the cultured taste.

SHARP'S LIVERY STABLE, 327 Fourth street, is the oldest livery in the city at, present. Mr. B. M. Sharp has been in Steubenville over twenty-seven years, and is as universally respected as extensively known. He has a complement of thirty horses, six coaches, twelve buggies, and an excellent hearse. He is a native of Washington county, Pa., and may be said to have had a life's experience among horses. He is courteous, liberal and prompt in business, and exceedingly accommodating.

KENNEDY CRUMRINE, bookseller and stationer, conducts an excellent business in the above lines ; also as a dealer in paper hangings and window shades, in Post Office building, Fourth street. This business was established in 1872, by Crumrine & Nicholls, but about July, 1877, Mr. N. retired. It is really a privilege to inspect this store, in which it will be found that fine goods are a specialty. A more diversified and attractive stock of goods, no house in the county can boast, while to Mr. Crumrine's excellent mode of transacting business may largely be ascribed his present success.

AUGUST FLOTO & SON, manufacturers and dealers in boots and shoes, 119 north Fourth street, conducts the oldest and probably most extensive business, in their line in the county. The worthy leading partner of the firm has been in business here for nearly a quarter of a century, and by virtue of his competency in his trade, and popular mode of conducting business, he has been very successful. Floto & Sons' store is one of the finest in the city, his stock of goods comprising the very finest home made and eastern work, while the bespoke department, under the personal supervision of the principals, never fails to yield unlimited satisfaction to patrons.

C. E. PATTERSON.—In the history of Steubenville and its various enterprises that have had a long and highly successful career, we cannot fail to mention the dry goods,. millinery, trimming and notion house of Mr. C. E. Patterson, 324 Market street, as it stands second to none in its branch of the trade. This establishment has been in existence since about 1842, being founded by the late Mr. George Scott, who continued at its head, with various partners, until his death, in 1868. His two-thirds interest was then purchased from the estate by Messrs. J. J. Foster, D. V. Donaldson and C. E. Patterson, who, with his late partner, Mr. J. H. Hawkins, organized a new firm, which continued the business with flattering success until December, 1877, at which time Mr. Patterson purchased the establishment and has since conducted it in a manner highly creditable to him-

61—B. & J. Cos.

self and satisfactory to its many patrons. Having been connected with the house since 1855, ho has, of course, been closely identified with its excellent early management, which might be taken as a guarantee that the integrity, fair dealing and courteous treatment hitherto extended to customers therein will be continued in the future. Since Mr. Patterson became proprietor he has had the building thoroughly overhauled and improved in its conveniences, and carries one of the largest and most attractive stocks to be found in this section of the state.

ORAPHIES M. THATCHER came to Steubenville in 1840, and learned his business with Sol. Kell, (who was killed in the late war.) and may be said to be the oldest merchant tailor still in business in the city, his present address being 409 Market street. He is a gentleman of exceptional ability, promptitude and satisfaction ; while in gents' furnishing goods he ever keeps up to the latest tastes of society. Mr. Thatcher is one of the city's most competent and time-tried merchants, and has always been a distinguished and worthy member of the A. O. 0. F.

OHIO FOUNDRY.—This important enterprise is among Steubenville's leading manufactories. Mr. W. L. Sharp is an old and much respected citizen, who, in company with his son, (who is equally popular in the town,) manufactures heating, parlor anti cooking stoves, fine and common enamel grate fronts, fenders, mantels, etc. Their spacious and excellently appointed ware-rooms are located at 416 Market street, and present a sight which will amply repay intending purchasers to indulge.

THE " CAMEL " CLOTHING HOUSE.—Every city has at least one specially popular clothing house—where enterprise knows no limit and everybody in society may find their wishes abundantly catered to. That house in Steubenville bears the sign of the " Camel," and the proprietor is Mr. Elbert Campbell, who has achieved a universal and enviable notoriety for giving unlimited satisfaction and unparalleled bargains. Not only does his stock regularly consist of absolute mountains of ready made clothing, and gents' furnishing goods of matchless attractiveness, hosiery, gloves, umbrellas and gum goods, but he makes quite a specialty of merchant tailoring—carrying an immense stock of the most stylish season cloths and suitings ; and retaining the services of Mr. John Hoff, a cutter whose popularity in this community is only equalled by his experience and ability. The " Camel " Clothing House is really one of the leading features presented in Seubenville, or even Jefferson county.

MARKLE'S CITY LIVERY is one of the finest stables in the county, 214 Market street. It has been established many years and passed through several down to August of 1878, when its present popular and energetic proprietor came into ownership. Mr. W. R. Markle has had quite an experience in the business- is genial and liberal, prompt and accommodating. He has a very fine hearse, supplies excellent funeral and wedding equipages, and usually has from eighteen to twenty horses with twenty to twenty-five carriages, buggies and other conveyances for parties to select from. As a boarding and sales stable it will be found exceedingly clean and well kept, abundance of excellent food, and the attention absolutely first class.

SAMUEL JOHNSON, 126 North Fourth street, is the proprietor of probably the oldest and best Undertaking establishment in Jefferson county. His house was established nearly half a century ago, and to-day is replete to the minutest details for the complete furnishing of funerals to the taste and means of the most humble or opulent in society, Coffins, caskets and shells of every design and make ; an excellent hearse, shrouds, natural and artificial flowers, elegant funeral designs, and everything entering into the undertaking business he keeps regularly on hand ; while his is the only house in the city which effectually conducts embalming. Mr. George W. Thomas who has also been in this house some twelve years, is constantly in attendance, and call when they may their patrons receive the promptest and most satisfactory attention.

FOSTER'S DRUG STORE.—Mr. J. S. Foster, of South Fourth street, has one of the most complete drug establishments in the city. He has been in business here since 1866, keeps constantly on hand a first class stock, and makes a specialty of compounding prescriptions and family recipes. His stock of fancy goods, perfumery, &c,, is unexcelled, as also his assortment of proprietary and patent medicines.

482 - HISTORY OF BELMONT AND JEFFERSON COUNTIES.

STEUBENVILLE'S LOCAL PRESS.

To follow up a correct history of the newspaper press in Steil: benville, since the establishment of the Western Herald in 1876, we find to be an impracticable task—its vicissitudes having been so varied and complicated, with but little reliable data come-at-able. Hence we prefer simply to review the publications in existence at the time of our going to press :

"THE STEUBENVILLE HERALD"

justly lays claim to being the oldest newspaper in the state, with perhaps a single exception. It was established by Lowry & Miller in the year 1806, its headquarters then being the one-story frame building on the east side of Third street immediately above Washington. In 1814 it was purchased by James Wilson, who had previously conducted the Aurora at Philadelphia. He infused into it the vigor of which his abilities were capable, and years after, especially during the days of the Whig party, it was a power in all this section of country. Nevertheless the paper was a mere trifle compared with that of the present day. A sheet before us contains twelve columns of matter in toto, largely composed of advertisements, and even the space devoted to reading matter was filled with materials that would not be very satisfactory to readers of the present day. They consisted almost entirely of foreign news and such " heavy" pabulum that it would now be considered hard to digest. Nevertheless it was up with the times, and as we have said, exercised a marked influence on the community. The entire sheet measured 22x18 inches, and it would hardly fill one corner of the present Weekly Herald. About 1838 Mr. Wilson became president of the Steubenville, Cadiz and Cambridge turnpike, and this, with his duties as associate judge of the court of common pleas, so absorbed his time that he gradually withdrew from active participation. in the affairs of the paper, which was now run by his son Robert and John Worstell. About 1843, they sold out to Nathan Purviance, who, however, kept the paper but a very short time, when he disposed of it to W. R. Allison, who retained control until October 1, 1873, when he was succeeded by P. B. Conn, the present proprietor. The Daily Herald was started in 1847, and since that time has never missed an issue. Since the Herald has been under charge of the present proprietor, many and marked improvements have been. made, The weekly edition now contains forty-eight extremely long columns, filled almost exclusively with reading matter, advertisements being limited, and requires a sheet 56x37 inches on which to print it, making it the largest four page paper in the Union, and perhaps in the world. It is the recognized exponent of the Republican party, not only for Jefferson county, but for Eastern Ohio, and enjoys, as it deserves, an extended circulation and influence.

STEUBENVILLE DAILY AND WEEKLY GAZETTE.

These publications—the staunch supporters of Democracy in this section—at present rank high in their party, and in fact, throughout the state, as the exponents and advocates of their party, though their inception is owed to a humble and no very remote venture. The Weekly Gazette was established by C. N. Allen, late editor of the Cadiz Sentinel, in September, 1865, though it might really be said to be erected upon the ruins of other newspaper enterprises, for previous to 1865 there had been several unsuccessful attempts made to maintain a live democratic paper in Steubenville. The original Weekly Gazette contained thirty-two broad columns, received ample advertising patronage and enjoyed a wide circulation. The prosperous times of that year, and thereafter until the panic, had the effect of building up a large and lucrative business for the publisher, and in 1868 a morning Daily Gazette was established—a neat, newsy, twenty-four column sheet, but the venture failed to obtain the patronage necessary to its continuance, and inside of a year the Weekly was once more left in sole possession of the field, which it clung to with remarkable tenacity. The next attempt to establish a daily democratic paper was undertaken by C. N. Allen, in the fall of 1873, whose better judgment devised an evening edition as preferable to a morning paper. This proved successful, when the weekly was next relinquished and a semi-weekly substituted. On the 1st of February, 1875, however, the good will and material of the Gazette establishment was succeeded to by Messrs. H. H. McFadden and W. H. Hunter, of Cadiz, the latter gentleman having been one of the editors of the Cadiz Sentinel. The new firm were not slow to make themselves known and felt as emphatically "the right men in the right place." The semi-weekly was replaced by the present Weekly Gazette, which was then the largest paper in Eastern Ohio, thirty-six columns. In May, 1875, the Daily Gazette was enlarged to twenty-eight columns. Under the careful and efficient management of McFadden & Hunter, the Daily and Weekly Gazette have alike flourished and become the factors of public opinion in Ohio to no inconsiderable extent. The editorials of the Gazette are largely- quoted by its cotemporaries throughout the country, as it is` a strong advocate of currency reform, and democratic in every sense of the word. It favors the proposition that the government should coin all the money of the nation, whether paper or metal, and in its advocacy of this question, as well as others of a political nature, its editorials sparkle with originality of thought and a guarded enthusiasm, earning for it extensive patronage and influence, ranking it among the leading papers of Ohio.

"THE OHIO PRESS."

A first-class Independent newspaper opposed to corrupt legislation and in favor of " an honest government of the people and for the people, " was established in August, 1879, by W. R. Allison, several years previously proprietor of the old " Steubenville Herald." Mr. A. is extensively known and widely experienced as a journalist in this community, and still retains the editorial chair on the Ohio Press. The Press is an eight-page paper, published every Thursday, and already has attained considerable prestige, as also an excellent circulation. The terms for subscription are $2 per annum, and its patrons certainly receive ample reading matter for their investment.

" THE STEUBENVILLE SUNDAY NEWS "

May be said to have grown out of what was once known as the Sunday Local, which enjoyed a merry existence of some two to three years, down to 1879, which year the News was started. It is an eight page, 48 column, paper, owned by the Steubenville Sunday News Co., for whom Mr. G. G. Nichols is managing editor. The publishing house is on Market, between Fourth and Fifth streets, and from present indications the News is likely to pursue a useful and successful career in Steubenville, though its circulation far exceeds the limits of Jefferson county.

STEUBENVILLE GERMANIA,

German weekly, appears every Saturday ; independent in politics, four pages ; size 26x40, subscription, $2.00; established by R. Schnorrenberg, August, 1870; from April 1, 1870 to April 1, 1879, the firm was Schnorrenberg & Gescheider. On this date the former retired, leaving Mr. Gescheider as sole proprietor and editor of the paper. Large circulation, steadily increasing throughout this and adjoining counties as well as in the States of Ohio and West Virginia.

MUSIC, ART AND MECHANICS.

A BRIEF SKETCH OF STEUBENVILLE'S EMINENT ARTISTS-PAST AND PRESENT.

To the proverbial lengthy scroll of eminent men produced by the famous " Buckeye State," few cities have contributed 'a more flattering compliment than Steubenville. Not only statesmen, military veterans and learned advocates has she sent forth to the world (most of whom we refer to elsewhere) but the accomplishments of music and fine arts have also found valued and distinguished votaries, in goodly numbers, emanate from the judicial seat of old Jefferson county, among whom, we may with pride refer to the following:

W. H. MCDONALD is a native of Steubenville, and in very early life gave evidence of a fine talent for music while possessing an extraordinary fine voice. With care and culture he became quite a promising basso, rendering valued assistance to local singing organizations, and finally perfecting himself with four years study in Italy, where he acquired quite an eminence as a vocalist in several of the large cities. After his return he became associated with the famous Strakosh company, next travelled with Hess, Adelaide Phillips and others. He i8 now a member of the celebrated Abbott combination. He married Marie Stone, of Boston, a most accomplished lady vocalist, who is also in the Abbott combination. The happy pair occasionally return to the scenes of Mr. McDonald's youth, visiting relatives' and friends, when they very generously favor a Steubenville congregation with a rich treat in the rendition of a

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choice selection of church music, at the First or Second Presbyterian churches-, on the Sabbath, during their brief sojourn in the city.

MISS LIZZIE BROSIE, a niece of Mr. J. C. Butte, brewer of this city, is also achieving quite an eminence as a vocalist. While yet recciving her early education at home, she displayed an extraordinary faculty for vocal music, and the excellency of her voice was strikingly apparent, as she lent willing service in local musical circles. Her uncle therefore resolved upon giving her a thorough musical education, and to that end placed her under eminent European masters, She has already attained gratifying distinction, arid is rapidly increasing in popularity.

R. MASON JACKSON, at present in Europe perfecting his studies, also went from Steubenville. He located here with his parents when a mere boy, and his ability for music made itself manifest in very early life. His great hobby was the piano, on which he excelled to the astonishment of every one, and he was recently sent to the conservatory of music at Stutgart, Germany, where he is still engaged completing his education and affording increased assurances of having a brilliant career in store.

HENRY MOODY is a name that is still familiar in the ears of old settlers, as associated with instrumental music. He was a son of Mr. Moody, at one time cashier of the old Jefferson Branch of the State Bank of Ohio, and his favorite study was the Keybugle—an instrument of unexcelled sweetness when played by a skillful performer. He was at the height of his popularity about 1845-50, but a few years later—between 1854 and '60 departed this life. We are assured by competent judges who were familiar with his proficiency that he stood absolutely unrivaled as a bugler and shared a very wide popularity as such.

WILSON MCDONALD is a son of Isaac McDonald, once Sheriff of this county. Wilson, from quite a boy, showed a wonderful taste for modeling, and even presented a bust of Henry Clay to our county officials, which stood for several years in the Court House. As he grew up he left for St. Louis, and became general agent for the Wheeler & Wilson Sewing Machine Co., but never lost sight of the gifted hobby. Indeed, he made a fine east of Thomas Benton, Esqr., which is still standing in one of St. Louis' public parks, beside handling, in a masterly manner, numerous other fine subjects, including a life- like bust of O'Connor. His masterpiece, however in the line of sculptor, has been the fine statute recently unveiled at West Point, to the memory of the late gallant General Custer, which has earned for its sculptor national encomiums and celebrity.

E. F. ANDREWS, son of Alexander Andrews, a wholesale grocer of Steubenville, early gave proof of an extraordinary talent for fine arts, and we believe, was a graduate of Marietta. He first

went to Germany to pursue his studies in 1859, and has since been home and revisited the continent several times. He has now a studio in Washington City, D. C., and has produced numerous master-pieces of art in Cincinnati, Columbus and other prominent cities; noticeably a faithful likeness of president Hayes. While recently in Steubenville he executed a splendid portrait of the late Capt. Charles Doty, for several days in view upon Market street, which was the theme of admiration by everyone. Nor should we omit to mention that another of his masterpieces-- a length portrait of Martha Washington—is this year (1879) one of the finest art productions gracing the Cincinnati Exposition.

THOMAS COLE, though not exactly a native of Steubenville, was brought up here, and proved himself a perfect master at handling the brush. His talents ranged equally in the production of landscapes and portraits. In the latter respect Mr. John D. Slack, of this city, has still in his possession a perfect gem of art in the shape of a miniature picture executed with the brush by Mr. Cole, whose works of art, alike numerous as varied in subjects, still range very high in the estimation of critics. He however, died several years ago.

W. WATKINS was another distinguished artist who went out from Stubenville, and subsequently made a specialty of miniature portraits, in which study he is said never to have been excelled in his day. He removed to Cincinnati, and there flourished for several years, but about 1850 quit this transitory life, it is hoped, to view scences of Celestial beauty.

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EZEKIEL HAWKINS, though really a native of Baltimore, came here when very young to reside in the association of his family kindred. He was uncle to Mr. R. C. Hawkins, at present organist ofthe Second Presbyterian church, an accomplished musician and instructor. Ezekiel pursued his studies here and at Wheeling, as an artist, for ninny years; was the first to introduce the process of dauguerrotype in both the latter cities ; also was he the pioneer of the same process in Cincinnati about 1840. He was a gentleman of extraordinary talents and an inveterate experimentalist, which led to his remarkable proficiency in the profession. While in business in the latter city, however, and residing at Covington, Ky., he died about the year 1863. But his almost innumerable masterpieces of art will even yet long survive him and preserve his memory green as the pioneer of a process that has achieved a perfection and popularity, in the study of fine arts, that will probably never die out.

OTHERS, NOT PROFESSIONALS, YET PROMINENT AMATEURS.

It must not be presumed that the " stars" already referred to exclusively represent the musical genius of this community, for they are really only the particular lights in the accredited radiant musical horizon that surrounds us. There have been, and are still, numerous less portentous disciples of Æolian studies, though only of local celebrity, who should not be overlooked. So far back as 1819 we are assured there resided here one --- Broadhurst, then engaged in the woolen manufacture, who, though a man far advanced in years, was a perfect master of the violin, flute, trombone and other instruments (organs and pianos, of course, excepted, as they were in those days few and far between). Being also a first-class basso profundo, it is said he used to astonish and delight our local society, while largely conducing to the cultivation alike of instrumental and vocal music. But, unfortunately, the old gentleman passed out of this. life in 1824, at the advanced age of eighty years, though a hearty and enthusiastic musician up to his death. Among our early efficient organists were Dr. A, W. Semple, Mrs. --- Reppard, Mrs. Morse, Miss Chase, &c. Then from 1820 to 1830 we find that, in addition to Mr. W. Hawkins, there stood exceedingly high as vocalists in our local choirs, Messrs. Bartlett, David Moody, William Woods, Thomas Matthews, John D. Slack, &c., whose names will doubtless bring back to the minds of old settlers the remembrance of many happy associations when the love of pure harmony was not enthralled with so many absurd frivolities that characterize the taste of the present( age of so-called musical progression. Though a lengthened list, from 1820 to the present, might be added, we will not attempt a complete enumeration of those meriting special distinction, but among native and local talent, in this day, we may fairly include, as meriting distinction, Mr. R. C. Hawkins, son of the late Mr. W. Hawkins, who is the efficient organist of the Second Presbyterian church ; Miss S. Marion, quite an accomplished musician and instructor, presiding as organist at the

First Presbyterian church ; Miss Emma Campbell, a very fine pianist, and organist of the Fifth Street Methodist church, and Mr. Joseph Zimmerman, of St. Peter's Catholic church, while in the matter of vocalists, good singers are so plentiful in our midst that to particularize would be invidious. Nor should we omit to, mention that Captain S. Y. Scull, originally of Steubenville, but now assistant general ticket agent for the Pittsburgh, Fort Wayne and Chicago railroad, at Pittsburgh, has proved himself quite a distinguished amateur vocalist and musician, also excelling largely as a composer. Among his ballads that have gained wide popularity are, " I Must Never Tell," dedicated to Mrs. Caroline Richings Bernard ; " Here's a Health, My Bonnie Lassie," " Sly Zephyrs," &c. His choral services and part services—Venites, Te Deums, Jubilates, &c., may be remembered by the score, as also his single and double chants. His ability will long be perpetuated by the interesting and popular ballads from his able pen, though his success in producing church music has been equally marked. The words of the psalmist are beautifully portrayed, in musical notation, over this gentleman's signature, and his compositions are extensively adopted in various places of worship at the present time, with the prospect of having taken a lasting root in the fecling of a christian community.

AMATEUR FINE ARTS.

While at present we do not find the pen, pencil, crayon and brush so extensively practiced as of yore, yet geniuses, with a taste for art accomplishments, by such methods, are still increasing and perfecting. Mr. R. C. Hawkins, Mr. W. A. Long and

484 - HISTORY OF BELMONT AND JEFFERSON COUNTIES.

others are exceedingly good as pencil, oil and water color artists, while Mr. C. Filson, also a photographist, is perfecting surprisingly as a crayon-ink artist. His portraits are exceedingly good, while he also excels largely as a caricature or cartoon artist.

THE LATE OLIVER CROMWELL GRAY--This estimable gentlemen —a poetic genius—first saw light on Market street, Steubenville, Ohio, January 1, 1821. He descended from an old English family of the same name, of which also Thomas Gray, poet, and the author of the"Elegy in a Country Churchyard," was a branch. The house he was born in is still standing on the principal thoroughfare of that thriving little city. If not the heir of fortune, he was well born. In 1838 he finished his studies at the Grove Academy, and the same year began teaching school at Knoxville, Jefferson county, as also at Springfield, and subsequently studied law, at Cincinnati. He was admitted to the bar at Cleveland ; came to Steubenville, and during the Mexican war became 1st lieutenant of the Jefferson Greys. He returned home in July, 1847, and remained here till 1849, when he started for the land of El Dorado. He, however, passed out of this life July 31, 1871.. His mind was highly cultivated in the various fields of intellect, and few professional men were more universally missed and regretted. In literature he had a fine taste, and as a poet evidenced exceptional talents—see sketch of his life and writings, edited by his nephew, David Gray Ficks, published by J. B. Lippencott & Co., Philadelphia, in 1872. The work in question is, indeed, a very fine one, containing rare and valued selections that will perpetuate his memory for centuries to come.

MECHANICAL INGENUITY.

Probably the greatest achievement in mechanical skill that has ever emanated from this state—and which promises yet to astonish scientific men throughout the world—is also to be credited to Steubenville genius. We refer to a wonderful "cosmochonotrope, or astronomical clock," invented and patented this year (1879) by Mr. James F. Sarratt; jeweler, of this city. It consists of a clock that shows, for each day in the year, the exact time the sun rises and sets. Also the relative position of the earth to the sun—clearly exhibiting, at all times, that portion of the earth on which the sun reflects. It also clearly shows the equation of time, and why it is that sun time and clock time agree but four times in the year—determines the latitude and longitude of any place on the globe—showing siderial and sun time for astronomical purposes. In a word, for school purposes, any child of ordinary capacity can fully comprehend siderial, mean or clock time, and equation of time. It virtually brings the studies in the high grades to the level of primary departments, and affords almost a "royal road" to scientific research. Already has it attracted the attention of, and astonished, many of our leading scientists, and the day is not far distant when this wonderful: gem of human ingenuity will not only command general attention but universal adoption in all our distinguished educational institutions.

THE OHIO RIVER.

SYNOPSIS OF ITS HISOTRY-REMINISENCES OF EARLY NAVIGATION-THE DAWN OF STEAMBOATS ON WESTERN WATERS-ARRIVAL OF THE FIRST STEAMER AT STEUBENVILLE-"THE GEORGE WASHINGTON," AND CAPTAIN SHRIENES' EXPERIENCES-STEAMBOAT BUILDING IN STEUBENVILLE-FIRST TRIP OF THE "B A ZALEEL WELLS" TO PITTSBURGH-GRAPHIC AND AMUSING SKETCHES BY ONE WHO WAS ON BOARD-AN ACCOUNT OF THE ROBERT THOMPSON AND OTHER NAUTICAL MATTERS OF LOCAL INTEREST.

Of the original discovery of the Ohio, we may briefly state that the French explorer, La Salle, and the French were the first to navigate its waters in 1680. It is formed by the confluence of the Allegheny and Monogahela rivers, at Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania. Its entire length, to the Mississippi, is 950 miles, if we follow its meanderings, through an air line from Pittsburgh to Cairo, would not exceed 615 miles. The current is very gentle, not exceeding three miles per hour, its average descent being about five inches to the mile. Of course, at high stages of water this pace is greatly exceeded, while in dry seasons it sometimes falls short of two miles per hour. The mean height of the current is 50 feet, though in extraordinary freshets it has exceeded 60 feet, above low water mark. There are are numerous islands along the Ohio, many being fertile and others sandy. The navigable waters of this river and its tributaries are not less than 5,000 miles, and the area drained is about 200,000 square miles.

REMINISCENSES OF EARLY NAVIGATION OF THE OHIO.

Before the forests echoed to the panting of the steam engine the boats used for conveying freight and passengers wore of a species known as Kentucky boats, barges and keel-boats. The length of these roughly constructed and awkward watercraft varied from seventy-five to one hundred feet, while their breadth of beam ranged from fifteen to twenty feet, giving them a carrying capacity of from sixty to one hundred tons. The receptacle for freight occupied a considerable portion of the hulk, and was called a cargo-box. Near the stern was a small apartment that served as a cabin for aristocratic passengers. The roof of this cabin was elevated above the main deck, and from this roof the helmsman directed the movements of the boat.

The boat was usually provided with a mast and sail, but when no wind prevailed to waft the clumsy craft on its voyage, oars and poles were substituted, while at other times the hardy boatman had recourse to the cordelle, in which case each member of the boat's crew performed the service of a mule on the tow-path of a canal. At other times the wrapping process was adopted. The early boatmen were a hardy and lawless set of men. Their arduous labors gave them muscles of iron, and they were much given to exhibitions of their prowess by frequent hand-to-hand encounters. The most noted boatman of his day was probably Mike Fink, who has figured as the hero of more blood-curdling romances than probably any single individual who existed at the same epoch in the .early history of the West. The veritable Mike was a blood-thirsty and revengeful ruffian of ;great strength and courage. An adept with the knife and rifle, by violence he lived, and the same fate he had meted out to so many others was finally his own doom, for, as the Kentuckians would say, "He died with his boots on." Of his tragic death, we learn that he was decoyed and deliberately shot, as follows :—His great boast was of the accomplishment that he could shoot a small drinking can of whisky from a man's head, with a rifle, at a very considerable distance. And those who knew him in life, aver that he was such an excellent shot that the feat in question was a very common occurrence with him. One day taking a little too much stimulant, however—which was rather the rule than the exception with all the hardy boatmen—he undertook his favoraite experiment, but only to aim a little too low and witness his trusty messmate fall a corpse. Notwithstanding Mike took the accident very hard, giving abundant evidence of his deep grief, yet there was one of the unfortunate victim's companions present, who entertained a strong impression that the killing was intentional. He carefully concealed his misgivings and only awaited his chance to revenge the deed. Some time afterwards, while a number of the boatmen were on a carousal, he boasted of .Mike's prowess and stood for him to take the can off his head, which Mike successfully accomplished several times. Then he called on Mike to hold the can on his head, to which he consented. But the act was a fatal one. His revengeful comrade availed himself of the opportunity, and in a second the notorious Mike dropped instantly dead—the ball having pierced his skull directly between the eyes. During Mike's earthly pilgrimage, we are told that his choice associates were the Girtys, Bill Harney, Joe Carpenter, Jim Stevens, Jack Dalton, and others, all noted freebooters, who made their headquarters at a romantic spot on the Ohio river, some twenty miles below Shawneetown, known as Cave-in-rock. Here in the fastness of their cavern they planned for future operations, divided their plunder and indulged their midnight orgies that frequently led to bloody encounters among themselves.

In 1794 a young man by the name of Green carried the mail between Pittsburgh and Cincinnati in a pirogue or large canoe. This boat on her downward trip carried at times some little freight, and occasionally, for slight compensation, a passenger or two. These voyages were attended with considerable danger from the Indians, and in consequence the boatmen of that day as a class were experienced Indian fighters. The Wetzels and Fowlers, whose names are recorded in history as sanguinary warriors, were also pioneer boatmen.

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FIRST LINE OF PACKETS BETWEEN PITTSBUGH AND CINCINNATI.

The first regular packet line between Pittsburgh and Cincinnati was formed January 11, 1794, by the establishment of four keel-boats of twenty tons each, as appears by the following advertisement in the Sentinel of the Northwestern territory, printed at Cincinnati, by William Maxwell : "Ohio Packet Boats—Two boats for the present will start from Cincinnati to Pittsburgh and return to Cincinnati in the following manner, viz : First boat will leave Cincinnati this morning at eight o'clock, and return to Cincinnati so as to be ready to sail again in four weeks from this date. Second boat will leave Cincinnati on Saturday, the 30th inst., and return as above. And so regularly, each boat performing the voyage to and from Cincinnati to Pittsburgh once in every four weeks. The proprietor of these boats having maturely considered the many inconveniences and dangers incident to the common method heretofore adopted of navigating the Ohio, and being influenced by a love of philanthropy, and a desire of being serviceable to the public, has taken great pains to render the accommodations on board the boats as agreeable and convenient as they could possibly be made. No danger need be apprehended from the enemy, and every person on board will be under cover made proof to rifle ball, and convenient port holes for firing out. Each of the boats is armed with six pieces, carrying a pound ball ; also a good number of muskets, and amply supplied with ammunition, strongly manned with choice men, and the master of approved knowledge. A separate cabin from that designed for the men is partitioned off in each boat for accommodating the ladies on their passage. Conveniences are constructed on board each boat so as to render landing unnecessary, as it might at times be attended with dangers. Rules and regulations for maintaining order on board and for the good management of the boats, and tables accurately calculated for the rates of freightage, for passengers and carriage of letters to and from Cincinnati to Pittsburgh , also, a table of the exact time of the arrival and departure to and from the different places on the Ohio between Cincinnati and Pittsburgh, may be seen on board each boat and at the printing office in Cincinnati. Passengers will be supplied with provisions and liquors of all kinds, of the first quality, at the most reasonable rates possible. Persons desirous of working their passage will be admitted on finding themselves, subject, however, to the same order and directions from the master of the boat as the rest of the working hands of the boat's crew. An office of insurance will be kept at Cincinnati, Limestone and Pittsburgh, where persons desirous of having their property insured may apply. The rates of insurance will be moderate."

The danger and the primitive slow mode of navigating notwithstanding, it will be perceived that even thus early the utmost efforts were put forth, with studious care, to cater efficiently for traffic while also inspiring the confidence of the public.

EARLY TRADING VESSELS.

The building of sea-going vessels was established at Pittsburgh by a French gentleman, Louis Anastasius Tarascon, who emigrated from France in 1794, and established himself in Philadelphia as a merchant. In 1799 he sent two of his clerks, Charles Brugiere and James Berthoud, to examine the course of the Ohio and Mississippi from Pittsburgh to New Orleans, and ascertain the practicability of sending ships and clearing them, ready rigged from Pittsburgh to Europe and the West Indies. They reported favorably, and Mr. Tarascon associated them and his brother, John Anthony, with himself, under the firm of "John A. Tarascon Brothers, James Berthoud & Co.," and established at Pittsburgh a wholesale and retail warehouse, a ship-yard, sail-loft, an anchor smith shop, a block manufactory, and everything necessary to complete sea-going vessels. The first year (1801) they built the schooner "Amity," of one hundred and twenty tons, and ship "Pittsburgh," of two hundred and fifty tons, with which they opened trade in flour, with the West Indies and France, direct. In 1802, they built the brig "Nanina," of two hundred and fifty tons; in 1803, the ship "Louisiana," of three hundred tons, and 1804, the ship "Western Trader," of four hundred tons.

NEXT, STEAMBOATS ARE TALKED OF.

According to the Western Spy of March 26, 1801, however, there appeared in that issue a notice for a meeting at Griffin Yateman's tavern, then located at the cove, corner of Sycamore and Front streets, Cincinnati, to take into consideration the practicability of a new invention for propelling boats by steam. A truly remarkable document, indeed, as it serves to show that ten years before Fulton directed his attention to our western waters, the subject was under consideration. But without dwelling on the various experiments, interesting, of necessity, singularly varied in their prospects, we will at once proceed to refer to

THE DAWN OF STEAMBOATS ON WESTERN WATERS.

The first steamboat which descended the Ohio was the "New Orleans." It was a vessel of four hundred tons, constructed in 1811, at Pittsburgh, Pa., under the superintendence of Robert Fulton, its cost exceeding $40,000. The success which had attended steam navigation on the Hudson led to a careful examination of the western rivers, to ascertain their adaptation to be navigated by stcam. The result was, that the boat named—and the first steamer—was destined to ply between Natchez and New Orleans. In October, 1811, the "Orleans" commenced her adventurous voyage down the whole length of the 'Ohio and Mississippi, and her novel appearance, and the rapidity with which she seemed to rush through the waters (upon which flat bottomed boats only had hitherto appeared floating upon the current) excited the profoundest amazement among the dwellers upon the bank of the lonely stream. She continued to do a profitable business down to 1814, when she was snagged and lost, near Baton Rouge, La. The second boat was the "Comet," built by D. French, for Samuel Smith, in 1812-13. She was sold in 1814, and her engine was subsequently appropriated to the running of the first steam cotton gin in the United States. About the year 1814 the steamboat "Enterprise," a small sternwheeler was also built at Brownsville, and placed in command of Captain Shrieve. In the fall of the same year she was chartered from, Pittsburgh by the government with military supplies for New Orleans, and arrived there in time to take part in the battle of January 8, 1815.

THE FIRST STEAMER ARRIVED UP THE RIVER AT STEUBENVILLE.

Hitherto, no steamboat had ventured to buffet the current of the Ohio on an up stream trip, but the famous Captain Shrieve recognizing nothing to be impossible when the will was substantially backed with nerve and perseverence, put the head of his little craft to the stream, and soon got under very favorable headway. During the month of June, 1815, considerable excitement prevailed in Steubenville upon the circulation of a report that some kind of steam propelled water craft was ascending the river near' "Potters," (now "Mingo") Island. People hurried to the river bank in large numbers, and after waiting about an hour, their curiosity was fully gratified by the arrival of the "Enterprise," which approached the landing, cast her anchor, and reported that she had made the trip from New Orleans to Cincinnati in thirty-five days. It would be needless to attempt a description of the astonishment that seized every one present, but as they subsequently beheld her charmingly steam away for. Pittsburgh, regardless of the stream that was running, they very naturally concluded that a new and important era in navigation had fairly dawned. Next we find, the same year (1815), Captain Shrieve took an active interest, also, in the building of yet another steamboat to be named

THE "GEORGE WASHINGTON,"

which excellent craft was constructed at Wheeling, W. Va., under the superintendence of George White. She was the first steamboat having her boiler and machinery on deck, and was launched on Monday, the 12th of May, 1816. That evening a ball was held on board, and the next evening she arrived at Marietta, exciting no little surprise on her arrival. But little was her fate of the next morning anticipated, when a terrific explosion took place upon her, as best described by the report hereafter given, as taken from the Pittsburgh Mercury, of June 22d, 1816,* and copied by that paper from a Marietta publication that reported the disaster on the spot. That paper says:

'Horrible Accident.—We have a painful duty to perform in recording an unparaleled scene of human misery and anguish, which occurred on board the steamboat " Washington, " lately built at Wheeling, Va., and commanded by Capt. Shrieve. She started from Wheeling on Monday last, and arrived at this place (Marietta) on Tuesday evening following, about 7 o'clock,

* The apparent discripancy between the date of this sad occurrence and the date of the Paper quoted, as containing the report, is accounted for by the fact of the Marietta paper only benig published weekly—then taking some two or three weeks to tray ;1 by mail routes to Pittsbnrgh, and the Mercury not inserting the news until its day of publication, at the end of another week.

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and safely came to anchor opposite Point Harmer, where she continued until Wednesday morning, The fires had been kindled and the boilers made sufficiently hot, preparatory to her departure, when the anchor was weighed and the helm put to larboard in order to ware her into position to start her machinery, but only having one of her rudders shipped at the time, its influence was not sufficient to have the desired effect, and she shot over, under the Virginia shore, where it was found expedient to throw over the kedge at the stern to effect it. This being accomplished, the crew were required to haul it again on board, and were nearly all collected on the quarter for that purpose. At this unhappy fatal hour, the end of the cylinder towards the stern, exploded, and threw the whole contents of hot water among them and spread death and torture in every direction. The captain, mate and several others were thrown overboard, but were saved, with the exception of one man, (who is still missing), by boats from the town, and by swimming to the Virginia shore. The whole town was alarmed by the explosion. Every physician, with a number of citizens, went to their relief immediately. On going on board, a melancholy and horrible scene presented itself. Six or eight were nearly skinned from head to foot, and others slightly scalded, making on the whole seventeen. In stripping off their clothes, the skin peeled off with them to a considerable depth; added to this melancholy sight, the ear of the pitying spectator was pierced by the screams and groans of the agonizing sufferers, rendering the scene horrible beyond description. The cause of this melancholy catastrophe may be accounted for by the cylinder not having vent through the safety valve, which was firmly stopped by the weight that hung on the lever having unfortunately been slipped to its extreme without being noticed, and the length of time occupied in wearing, before her machinery could be set in motion, (whereby the force of steam would have been expended)—these two causes united—confined the steam until the strength of the cylinder could no longer contain it, and it gave way with the greatest violence. The steamboat was warped across the river and safely moored in deep water at Point Harmer, where it is possible she will stay several weeks until her boiler can be repaired. As her cylinders were on deck, the boat has received no material injury from the explosion.

"The following is a list of the sufferers: Captain Schrieve slightly ; also Mr. Clark (engineer), Rev. Tober (passenger), James Blair, Amos Bennett and George White, all slightly ; + Notely Down, Enoch H. McFeely, Israel Moreland, all badly ; Joseph Walsh, *Peter Lanfer, *Barney Harvey, Thomas Brown (painter), *James Nutter (passenger), *Sam'l Wait (carpenter), all severely. A man named Joseph was also found missing, and a black man named Jacob was very severely injured."

Subsequently she was repaired and run as a regular packet between Cincinnati and Louisville for some time,finally finding her way into the New Orleans trade. Her captain having the utmost faith in her speed, early in the year 1817 challenged the captain of the steamer "General Pike " to race from Cincinnati to Louisville for $1,000. They duly started, and ran for sometime very evenly, when Captain Shrieve (who, by the way, was a notorious man to swear), stood on the safety-valve of his boat, to keep the steam in, swearing lustily at the stoker while giving orders that he should fill up the fire box to the doors—pine knots and .resin being the chosen kind of fuel in those days. He thus got a length or two ahead, when suddenly the " Gen. Pike " blew up, and a dreadful sacrifice of human life resulted, But Captain Shrieve continued his trip and took up the stakes. From Louisville he proceeded to New Orleans, and on his return, the spring or summer of the same year, the yellow fever was raging so fearfully that he had to man his boat nine times ere he reached Louisville, and even then arrived with four dead on board as he cast anchor. Captain Shrieve now found it desirable to temporarily retire from nautical life, and for a while rusticated in the country until the steamer " Ohio " was completed, building at New Albany, when he again returned to the " bosom of Father Neptune. " The last we have been able to learn of him he was in the government employ on Red river, cutting out the rafts that obstructed navigation, and so popular had he become in that section that a small town newly sprung into existence, was named after him, and is still called Shrieveport, or, by perversion, Shreveport.

STEAMBOAT BUILDING IN STEUBENVILLE.

Arthur M. Phillips, one of the first founders and steam engine

Those marked (*) are since dead.

† Some time after this accident Notley' Down became ' master of the " Tricolor." and May 16th or 17th, 1831, was backing her from Wheeling wharf, to take on some flour at Bridgeport, when just off the end of Wheeling Island, his boat blew up, and he, with several others, was killed.

builders in the west, migrated from Carlisle, Pa., to Steubenville, Ohio, in 1807. He was a blacksmith by trade; and soon established himself in a small business. Being an excellent mechanic, fortune smiled upon him. and so early as 1815 he purchased the present site of Meant; foundry, where he lost no time in erecting a foundry. Here he soon began to put up land engines, mill work, &c., beside which he produced hollow-ware and grates—but, of course, was only favored with horse power to conduct his boring, turning, and other heavy branches of the business. So early as 1819-20, he received orders to prepare the boiler and engine for a steamboat to be put up here, by the name of "Bazaleel Wells," which he had no sooner accomplished than his success was such as to gain him abundant work in that line, and subsequently he fitted out with machinery the "Congress," "Thompson," "Steubenville," "Aurora," &c., constructed in Steubenville, besides several put up at Wheeling and other places, until he became quite an adept in the business. As we have said, the "Bazaleel Wells" was the first steamboat built here, and of which the inhabitants felt particularly proud. It was by no means a large boat, but just such as was calculated to conduct successfully a limited amount of business. Steamboats in those days were mainly small—sixty or ninety feet keel, fourteen to sixteen feet beam, three to four feet open hold, single engine, side wheels, boilers placed in the hold, and cabin on the first floor. Elijah Murray opened a boatyard, at which hulls, cabins and everything was built entire. The "Wells" at first did considerable skimming around at home, when it was concluded safe to place her upon

HER FIRST TRIP TO PITTSBURGH,

an interesting sketch of which we append, as taken from the columns of the "Olden Time Monthly," of August 1847, and written by one of the passengers who fortunately (or otherwise) indulged the privilege of said trip :

"Mr. Editor :—As one object of the Olden Time seems to be to chronicle events connected with, and descriptive of the early settlement and improvement of the region round about Pittsburgh, it may not be amiss to devote a few of its columns to a narrative of a steamboat voyage from Steubenville to Pittsburgh, which was made at an early date, (1820) and before the art of propelling boats by steam was well understood in this country. The boat above referred to, was the first of the kind ever built in Steubenville, and as the builders were altogether unacquainted with the principles and construction of steamboat machinery, it was not to be expected that the work would be very perfect. The novelty, however, of such a work gave it great notoriety, and as soon as it was completed, a large number of gentlemen and ladies including the writer, resolved on making a pleasure voyage to Pittsburgh. The hour fixed on for our departure, brought to the beach (for we had no wharves in olden times,) an immense concourse of people to see the new steamboat start ; for really it was then a phenomenon of no ordinary occurrence to see a steamboat running up the stream Without the aid of oars, poles or paddles.

We left Steubenville about two o'clock in the afternoon, and made such rapid progress the first mile that the crowd on shore were (for they seemed unwilling to lose sight of us) at their best gait to keep up with us. Here it became necessary to cross to the Virginia shore, where we found the current rather more than a match for our steam power, and in order to stem it at all, every one who could pull a pound were required to parade on deck, and exert themselves to the utmost of' their power in the employment of bushwhacking, and although our progress was sometimes scarcely perceivable, still we remained in fine spirits, until we had overcome nearly another mile; when we were informed by the engineer that the force pump had given way, and that we must stop and repair before we could go any further. This for a time seemed to throw a little gloom over ,our prospects, but no one appeared to' doubt the practicability of our finally reaching the place of our destination, and we all agreed to put up for the night, and wait patiently until the pump could be repaired, which by working all night was accomplished by ten o'clock next morning, when we again set out for Pittsburgh.

The repairs made on this occasions did not increase our power so much as we had hoped it would have done, for (although we had become very tired of it,) we were obliged to keep up our bushwhacking, or go down stream instead of up, whenever we met with stiff water. By one effort and another, however, against noon the second day, we hove in sight of Brown's Island, the lower point of which is a little short of four miles

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above Steubenville. Here we met with a current more powerful than any we had before encountered, and one too which in the end proved too great for us to encounter. We were, however, slow to believe this fact, and spent the whole of the afternoon in efforts to round the point of that island.

Sometimes we acted very harmoniously ; at others got into considerable brawls, charging each other with want of skill and discretion. Fortunately for us we had on board a venerable old gentleman, (after whom the boat was named,) whose well-spent life had placed him upon an eminence among his fellow men, which gave him great influence, and whenever our discussions bore an angry aspect one conciliatory word from that good old man set all things right. Still even with his assistance we were unable to get any farther up stream, and when night stole in upon us we were obliged to cable to the shore below the point of the island which we had- so earnestly and untiringly struggled to pass.

This for a time seemed to thwart our prospects and depress our spirits ; but we were soon made to forget our troubles by the many visitors with which in a few minutes we found our boat crowded. The news of a steamboat lying at the point of Brown's Island had spread far and wide, and brought to that place the lads and lassies of all the hills round about. A dance was proposed, the cabin cleared out, the flutes and fiddles made to accord as near as was thought to be of any importance, and then went off such a jollification as was truly characteristic of olden times. The good old gentleman referred to made no objections to our amusements until fhe proper hour of rest had arrived, when, at his suggestion we all went quietly to bed, and spent the remainder of the night in sweet forgetfulness.

Next morning brought with it its troubles. The point of the island and the unyielding current were in full view, and the associations connected with our unsuccessful efforts the day before and the prospects of the then present day, had no favorable tendency to render us comfortable. What to do was a perplexing and vexatious question ; one, too, on which we found ourselves no better united than we had been on the day previous.

Many were in favor of returning home, said it was silly nonsense to think of getting to Pittsburgh with such a boat ; that this was the third day we had been from home, and that we could still hear the town bell ring for dinner, while our good captain and others declared that they would rather build a machine shop on the shore and wait to repair the machinery, than submit to the mortification of returning.

In this state of things, and when the altercation became rather boisterous, our good old peace-maker again interfered, and by his unbounded influence had carried unanimously a proposition : That we should return to Steubenville for the purpose of repairing, with the understanding that no one should ask to have his fare refunded, and that we should all hold ourselves in readiness at a moment's warning to embark again and accomplish our undertaking.

This question being settled, we cut loose from shore, and in a few minutes found ourselves at the place we had started from. In about a week afterwards we were notified that the boat was in readiness, when we again set out, and after surmounting many difficulties reached the far famed city of Pittsburgh, but the narrative of this second tour must be deferred for the present."

THE SECOND AND SUCCESSFUL ATTEMPT.

MR. EDITOR :—Having in my last, given you some account of the first attempt of the Steubenville folks to visit Pittsburgh by means' of steam power; I will now proceed to narrate the second, in which I am happy to say we were more successful.

Our boat being fitted up with great care, and all the skill possessed by its worthy builder, we again set out on our contemplated visit, and got along finely for more than twenty miles, running at the rate of from two to three miles an hour, and passing all the islands, and everything else we come to, without any trouble, or the application of any power save that of steam.

We all felt highly pleased with our situation and prospects, and looked with disdain on the petty keel boats as we passed them, and pitied the poor fellows who had to work their way by pulling and bush whacking. Soon, however, an accident occurred, which convinced us that after all, this is a world of disappointments. We were informed by the engineer that the force pump was broken all to pieces—that it could not be repaired and that we could go no further without a new pump. This threw a terrible gloom over our prospects, and awakened in our minds all the unpleasant associations connected with our former failure. We felt that we could never overcome the mortification of again returning without seeing Pittsburgh ; and after a Jong and sullen consultation, we came to the determination that we would go ahead without a force pump—that as often as our boilers became empty, or so low as to cause danger of explosion, we would lie to shore, open an avenue in their upper sides, introduce a funnel, and by means of buckets, dip the water out of the river and fill them ; and as this was considered an expedient which would require considerable labor, it was agreed that all the male passengers should assist in its accomplishment. To this agreement some of the party made serious objections, alleging that their fine clothes would become so much sullied that they could not make a genteel appearance when they should reach Pittsburgh. A large majority were however in favor of it, and the influence of public opinion soon compelled the minority to yield. Accordingly we all went to work, and although we felt our employment tedious, tiresome and disagreeable, still by patience and perseverance we in this way replenished our boilers as often as they needed it, until we worked our way to Pittsburgh. We were well aware before we adopted this expedient, that it would be a serious undertaking, still we were met with many difficulties after we put our plan in operation, which did not before develop themselves.

The matter of reaching water above our heads we found to be very fatiguing, and the trickling of the drippings down our coat sleeves by no means pleasant or agreeable ; besides this, almost every time we landed to fill our boilers we got fast on bars, and to get off again generally kept us in employment while the water was boiling.

On the evening of the third day we reached what is called the deadman's ripple, and after filling our boilers discovered that our coal was nearly exhausted, that it would be folly to attempt to encounter such a current without a better supply of fuel, and upon inquiry learned that there was no coal bank within less than six or seven miles, nor was there any cord wood in the neighborhood to be obtained. This state of things occasioned much dissatisfaction and murmuring on the part of the passengers, and drew upon the head of our worthy captain many curses for his want of forecast. As night was approaching, however, it was agreed upon as our only expedient that we must lay over until morning, and in the meantime procure fence rails and prepare for the flues such quantities as would enable us to reach a coal bank some six or seven miles ahead. Accordingly we all took off our coats and went to work and cut and carried rails until a late hour in the night, that we might be able to make an early start in the morning, but being much fatigued we overslept ourselves; and were quite late getting off the next day, and when we got under way, to our great disappointment and mortification, we found that with such rails as we had procured for fuel we could not overcome the current we had to encounter. We tried it again find again, but whenever we would reach a certain point in the ripple, like the Irish

Captain, we found ourselves advancing backwards. This perplexing predicament put us all out of humor, and drew .upon the head of the captain a fresh volley of complaints and rebukes, and the pilot, who was altogether dissatisfied, began to threaten to leave the boat. The captain, who seemed unwilling to bear the blame, alleged that the helmsman was in fault, that he kept too far from shore, and although the captain was warned of the consequences, he compelled the helmsman to approach so near the beach, that before we knew what we were about, a heavy current struck the bow of the boat and swung her with tremendous force on the bar below, leaving us almost on a dry beach.

This seemed to bring our voyage to an almost insupportable crisis, all was uproar and confusion, some declared they would return home, while others said they would walk to Pittsburgh. The pilot and captain got into a real jangle, while some of the passengers and crew began to hunt up their baggage, and all gave indications of abandoning the boat. At this critical and most discouraging juncture, our worthy old friend, who had quieted our disturbances on our first voyage, again interfered, and by his kind and conciliatory. demeanor, and great influence, soon reconciled all parties, and effected an agreement; that the captain should procure a team, and have brought from the nearest coal bank a load of coal, and that the passengers and crew should in the meantime loosen the boat, and set her afloat again.

With this understanding we all went to work in good earnest, for by this time our fine clothes had become so much sullied that no one any longer thought it of any importance to keep his work at arm's length, and about two o'clock P. M. we succeeded

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in getting our boat off the bar, and as good luck would have it, about the same time our good captain hove in sight with his load of coal.

Our prospects, which looked dark indeed in the morning, now began to brighten up, and we were all cheerful and happy in view of the prospect of again successfully prosecuting our journey. We had raised . the steam pretty high, so that no time should be lost after we Should get our coal aboard, and from appearances we had every reason to believe that we should be under way again in a few minutes; but unfortunately at the very point of time when our captain had his teamster back his wagon with endgate off to the brink of a precipice immediately above the boat, some one to amuse himself, and probably for the purpose of startling his next neighbor, let a puff of steam escape from the safety valve, which frightened the poor horses so that they snorted and run like wild animals, scattering our coal over a ten acre cornfield.

This threw us again into great confusion, all was noise :and bustle, and a terrible hue and cry raised against "the fool" who had done the mischief, the captain who was of rather even temper, seemed to be provoked past all endurance, and when he cast his eyes over his scattered coal; declared if he could find out who had frightened the horses he. would skin him, for he, had again and again forbidden any one. to :meddle. with that safety-valve. Fortunately for the .aggressor, we were never able to find out who he was.

As soon as this flurry. was over, we all turned out, and gathered up as much coal as took us over" the ripple, and then with. the aid of our rails getup to the coal bank, where we received a fresh supply.

Nothing further of much. importance occurred on our way up, we had all become so well, disciplined: to our work, and the absolute necessity of "strict. attention. to it, that we began. to move on without much flinching or murmuring. We took our time, and if anything occurred: on shore or elsewhere that was interesting or amusing, .we would stop to enjoy it. On one occasion a wounded deer was discovered swimming in: the river some half mile below, when we immediately landed and sent out a file of men on the jolly boat to try to capture it. The poor animal was soon overtaken,: and after a terrible ,battle was: dragged: into the boat, to all appearance dead. By this time they were perhaps, more than a mile below us, and found that the hardest part of the adventure was to row up again. Being elated, how- ever, with victory, and anxious to show their booty, they rowed hard, and soon found themselves within a short. distance of us. We were all paraded on deck; anxious to see the captured deer, but, to the great surprise: of. all, just when they were about to: board us, the poor animal, having, come to life again, sprung out of the boat and swam.with apparently ,more vigor .and. speed: than when it was first pursued, and they again, found them: selves some half mile down the river, before they retook it.

Thus far I have said: nothing about our fare,. but an effort on the part of the cook to prepare a piece of this venison for dinner, brings that part of the narrative forcibly to my recollection. Our boat had been.. furnished with a cooking stove, of the utility of which our .cook seemed to. have little, conception. At that early day but few cooking stoves were in ,use and, .like steamboats, those that were in use were, at, best, of but poor construction, and as to ours, an error .had been committed in setting it up, which drew many curses on the poor cook, for everything which came to the. table was so perfumed with gas and smoke that it. was with difficulty we could swallow. enough of it to save us from starvation. The true cause of the difficulty remained unexplained until after we had arrived at Pittsburgh —the cook having to bear the blame, and the passengers the gas and smoke. Immediately on our arrival at Pittsburgh, the builder (who resided there,) was sent, for, when cook and all went to work abusing him for constructing and imposing upon the public such a stove; when, almost convulsed with laughter, he explained the whole difficulty, pointing out to us a certain plate perforated with holes, which was intendedto let the steam only bear upon the victuals, but which had been so misplaced as to let all the smoke and gas .(instead of the steam;) penetrate and perfume everything we had eaten for the last five days. And thus ends our pleasure voyage, for the boat was found to be so much injured on her passage up that it required some eight or ten days to repair her before she could return, and the passengers all being anxious to get back again, had to find their way home in whatever way. best suited their convenience. After such exhaustive and interesting papers little remains for us to add, beyond informing our readers that the gallant captain in command was none other than Capt. Elijah Murray; the indefatigable engineer, Adam Wise ; and the "good old man" referred to so complimentary was the venerable pioneer after whom the boat was named. But the unfortunate cook's name must remain untold, as the exasperated party took so little interest in holding him to "memory dear," that with his services was shipped his name at the-conclusion of the first "voyage."

THE "ROBERT THOMPSON" BUILT AT STEUBENVILLE, WAS THE FIRST BOAT TO ENTER THE ARKANSAS RIVER.

There are yet many in Steubenville who have a vivid recollection of seeing the "Robert Thompson" steam first from this port in 1821, she having been built ostensibly to run between Pittsburgh, Cincinnati and Louisville. We clip the following interesting facts about her from the Cincinnati Commercial of June 10, 1870 :—"Captain John S. Devenney has presented to us one of the steamer "Robert Thompson" posters, about five by ,seven :inches in size, which announces that that boat will leave Fort Smith for the mouth of. White river, on Wednesday, May 26, 1822, at 9 A. M.; This boat was commanded by Captain George: A. Dohrman, with Jacob A. Dohrman, clerk, and Peter A. Dohrman,. pilot. The hull of the Thompson was built where Wellsville, Ohio, now stands, and the cabin and. machinery at Steubenville. The hull was 65 feet keel, 11 feet beam, with 3 feet hold, and side wheels. She had one double flue boiler, the first on the river. , She started, on her first trio to Pittsburgh, March 17, 1821, and made several trips from Pittsburgh to Louisville. About the middle of June she commenced plying as a regular packet between Cincinnati and Louisville, making two trips per week, carrying all passengers and freight, through and way, then offering, during the low water season. She carried several pleasure parties from Cincinnati and Louisville to and from Big Bone Landing. In February, 1822, she left Steubenville for the purpose of transporting 300 tons of army stores to Fort Smith, Arkansas. She towed 32-feet keel boats to Montgomery Point, above White River Island. On her first trip from the Point she towed one of her keels loaded and a flat boat 80 by 18 feet, containing 100 barrels of flour, up White river some six miles through the pass, six miles into the Arkansas river,. and thirty miles up to the post of Arkansas, where she left the flat and proceeded to Fort Smith. She was the first boat above Little Ruck,: made four trips from Montgomery's Point to Fort Smith, and left Little Rock July 4, on her last downward trip. On her way from Steubenville to her destination she landed just below the mouth of Wolf River, and lay by all night where Memphis is now located.. There was no house or cabin in that vicinity until you. came, down to Fort Pickering. We gleaned the above facts from Mr. J. A. Dohrman, clerk of the Robt. Thompson.."

The latter gentleman, however, at present writing, is dead, and the only surviving member of the crew is Wm. Thompson, who was carpenter, and from whom we have gleaned the following additional facts :—"It was Arthur Phillips who built the Thompson's engine and her cabin was put up at Elijah Murray's boat yard. She was a plain looking but stout boat and could, make easily from ,three to four miles an hour against the stream. Her .last downward trip was to Louisville, to the Falls of Ohio. Here an attempt was. made, by taking out her engines,. to .raise her over the falls, .but arriving at the point to cross the river, they failed, and then ran her back to the foot of the falls, where Captain Dohrman sold her for $2,500 to some Louisville men, and she subsequently plied there some two years and was finally lost. When I was running on her (said Thompson), I frequently witncssed ludicrous scenes among spectators who came to see the engine work, but our engineer's choice joke seemed to be to catch a group of Indians gazing upon us in utter bewilder- ment, as We quietly steamed along—sometimes twenty to thirty would be gathered, male and female, several on ponies—when he would raise the safety valve as we were just opposite to them, Well, sir, no one ever saw the equal of the stampede that followed, and it took less time than I am occupying to tell you to witness every foot of ground within sight as free of red skins as the palm of your hand." Our informant, Wm. Thompson, is a native of Tyrone, Ireland, was born in 1799, and came to this country with his parents in 1801, settling in this vicinity since 1810. His wife, once Charlotte Dohrman, also hale and hearty, is a sister of the late captain and clerk on the "Thompson," being seventy-seven years of age.

Down to 1831 or 1832, regular boats had not been put on any part from Steubenville.. Moat, if not all, the trade from this port by water, fell to the lot of passing boats. About this time, however, George. A. Dohrman and Matthew Roberts having long

HISTORY OF BELMONT AND JEFFERSON COUNTIES - 489

run the mails by coaches, conceived the idea of putting on a small steamer to run to Wheeling. The services of Elijah Murray, boat builder, was called into requisition, and he constructed a small steamer, called the "U. S. Mail," which was promptly put into the Wheeling trade under command of Captain Peter Dohrman, and who also carried the mail. This was the first regular steamer put on to run from Steubenville. In 1835, she was succeeded by the " Post Boy," built for Matthew Roberts, placed in command of Captain Lucas, with John S. Devinney, engineer, and Captain Hugh Caldwell, clerk. In the latter portion of her terra of running, however, she was under the captaincy of J. S. Deviancy. In 1836, we next find that Captain Deviancy and Messrs. Roberts, Orr and Henning purchased, or had built, a fine side-wheel boat, the "Utah," commanded by Captain J. S. Devinney, which was put on specially to trade between here. and Pittsburgh. She made a capital start, but had run only some twelve months ere she was subject to an explosion while lying at the Steubenville wharf—an accident unhappily resulting in the death of one and injuring of several engaged upon her. She was afterwards repaired, and having plyed between here and Pittsburgh some three years, was sold to run on the Wabash river. Next in order, running between Steubenville and Pittsburgh, came the " Steubenville," built up the river and brought here in 1837. She was in charge of Captain Boggs and owned by a private company in this city. Her career was, however, only a short one, for after two or three years' service she was sold and taken to run on the lower rivers. These latter were the only two boats ever employed exclusively to trade between Steubenville and Pittsburgh, hence there has not been any special boat from this port on that route for many years. Resuming the history of our early communication with Wheeling, about 1838, the " Post Boy " was succeeded by the " Wabash," commanded by Captain Arthur Watt, and twelve months later, sae gave way for the " Cabinet," a capital little steamer, 130 feet long, with ,18 feet beam, and under command of Captain P. Dohrman, who was also her chief, if not exclusive owner. An interval of a few years, however, elapsed between the running of the " Wabash " and "Cabinet," as the latter did not make her first trip till about 1843. After running some two years she also was sold. At this time—say 1845-6—Captain Abner O'Neal being a resident here engaged in running the "Veroca," and a most skilled navigator—having also built and commanded the "Sylas Wright," with so much success in the trading between Pittsburgh, Louisville and New Orleans—now joined with a Steubenville company who floated the handsome sternwheeler, " James Means," capable of carrying some 200 tons. Her career in the Wheeling trade; however, was of equally short duration, for a very few years after we find her superseded by the " Forest from which latter boat the engine was subsequently transferred to the present running boat, " Abner O'Neal," now under command of Captain George O'Neal, and still keeping us in daily communication, with the famous "Nail City.”

At present writing (1879) there are two steam boats owned or partly owned in this community—the " O'Neal," running to Wheeling, and the " Bachelor," commanded by Capt. N. Wintringer, who keeps her in the Wheeling and Pittsburgh trade; making Steubenville a point of call, each trip up and down. There are, however, quite a number of coal barges, skiffs and pleasure boats owned by private firms and individuals, which frequently give animation to the surface of the Ohio in view of the city front, The present wharf boat was established in the neighborhood of 1841-2, by Captain Whittaker O'Neal, but has been replaced by three or four others to the present time. Alexander Doyle was one of the earliest officers in charge of it and once its owner, while the present wharfmaster, Capt. G. O'Neal, is represented by one J. Lashly, who has for many years been associated with the river and his present charge.

Elijah Murray took the initiative in boat building here as early as 1819, and continued down to 1838-9, when that line of enterprise was abandoned in Steubenville. As already stated Phillips was the original name associated with the dawn of marine engine building as far back as 1820---his first successful effort being the erection of the machinery for the "Bazaleel Wells" steamer. Mr. Phillips, however, left for Wheeling about 1832, and the old machine shops were succeeded to by Mr. James Means. The latter gentleman never undertook the construction of marine engines, but his sons continuing the business after their father's death, did construct one, and only one, such piece of mechanism. It was a small engine for Capt. John McLure's new steamer the "Phaeton," now running be-

62—B. & J. Cos.

tween Wheeling and Sistersville, which has proved one of the swiftest and best little crafts on the river.

As regards our river facilities it is only necessary for history to record that local packets communicate with the Cincinnati boats daily, independent of through packets. There is a regular Sunday boat for Pittsburgh, and two boats on Tuesdays, Thursdays and Saturdays. In addition to the above there are weekly packets each way to and from St. Louis, and numerous transcient steamers for points on the upper and lower Mississippi and the Yellowstone and Far West. With such competition river freights are necessarily low, and shippers have the opportunity of making most favorable terms.

STEUBENVILLE'S ANCIENT AND MODERN MODES

OF COMMUNICATION WITH THE OUTSIDE WORLD.

HOW THE CITY WAS ONCE COMPARATIVELY SHUT OUT FROM ALL THE LEADING COMMERCIAL CENTRES-BUT BY STEADY, PERSISTENT ENTERPRISE SHE HAS ESTABLISHED A PRIVILEGED ACCESS OF INESTIMABLE IMPORTANCE.

From the early establishment of National pikes—thanks to the influence and indefatigable labors of Henry Clay—(were such due)—Steubenville has never shared the full advantages of such a main artery for commerce within her borders. If, however, the dictates of skilled surveying and practical engineering had alone been consulted, a very different consequence would have resulted. But the famous statesman's. affections and pre-eminent abilities proved so thoroughly affiliated to the interest of Wheeling, that the then infant town of Steubenville was, so to say, left out in the cold, a promising community, charmingly located, subjected to the precarious crumbs of chance whether it prospered or otherwise. At first, favored only by a location on the margin of the river, and in the possession of a few very imperfect country roads, she certainly did seem to have a dreary path to traverse in quest of anything approximating importance, and might have yielded to despair had it not been for the consolation afforded in the poetic senti-ment—

"Who shall foreshadow the happenings of fate

While Providence controls the helm ?"

So early as 1815 or 1816 the nucleus to a prosperous city had already matured from the combined energies of an enterprising and persevering band of early settlers. Manufactures were looming up, and increased facilities became imperative. As referred to fn a previous chapter, in 1819 the Hon. J. C. Wright, district attorney for the state, made tours of Columbus, Cleveland, &c., for the purpose of opening up new roads and inspecting those already in existence, in view of their improvement. Proceeding out of town, to the northeast, was the Pittsburg pike, graded in this section about 1834-5. Going east was the original Washington road, connected with the pike four miles east of Wellsburg ; and these were the only ones of importance apart from the main city outlet, known as the "Old Steubenville, Cadiz and Cambridge road." To improve the latter, a private company commenced operations July 10th, 1837; and under the direction of Civil Engineer Reeves, grading, macadamizing, and slightly improving the location of the road was continued for some time. Nor was this all, as the said road, for a distance of some five miles out (to what is termed "The Forks") was also planked, in or about 1850. We should, however,' more minutely describe this road to make clear its advantages. At " The Forks " referred to, one road branched to Cadiz, Cambridge and Zanesville, while the other, three miles hence, brought us to the " Ridge Meeting House, " where a second fork admitted of roads leading to Salem and New Philadelphia, or to Richmond, Carlton, Waynesburg, Canton and Massillon. Thus, if not favored with an immediate location of the National pike, it will be seen that Steubenville early secured and enjoyed—as she does to-day—numerous outlets and inlets for the convenience of pedestrians and the conduct of her commerce. During 1817 or '18 Matthew Roberts—then a youth---carried the first mails to Pittsburgh on horse back, a year or two afterwards being succeeded by John McMillan, whose better means and enterprising spirit led to the immediate introduction of

490 - HISTORY OF BELMONT AND JEFFERSON COUNTIES.

THE FIRST STAGE COACHES.

Then dawned a grand new era for those days. True, it was only a two-horse coach that he first started out with, but he soon saw he was " going in the right rut, " and a regular line of more desirable coaches wore promptly placed on the road between Steubenville, Pittsburgh, Wheeling and other places. About 1823-4 his example was followed by George A. Dohrman, while Matthew Roberts, who had in the meantime been running a successful business as a tinner, besides reaping sundry profits from other employments, also, in due time, succeeded to the staging business—the latter becoming a very prominent citizen —his coaches communicating with Painesville, Ashtabula, Wheeling, Pittsburgh, and.subsequently Cambridge, Canton and Massillon. In fact, Steubenville, at one time, became so favorably accommodated as to have from six to eight coaches leaving, in as many directions daily, and the clarion notes of the ruddy-faced " coachy " was then more familiar than is the scream of the locomotive in these days. But the cost of travel was the most serious consideration, and rendered a lengthened trip from home a somewhat expensive luxury. For instance, $2 was the coach fare to Wheeling, and $1.25 by steamer, while the average rate of fares was based on five cents per mile, go where you would. Each passenger was only allowed 20 pounds of baggage, a coach carrying usually from nine to twelve passengers. The driver was the sole official in charge, usually tripped over about eight miles per hour, and changed horses, on long runs, about every ten to twelve miles. He was not only required to be civil, patient and obliging, but a man of nerve to control four prancing steeds, beside possessing healthy respiratory organs to lustily blow the horn or trumpet with a peculiar flourish as he approached each post office on his route. And this brings us to

HOW MERCHANDISE WAS BROUGHT TO THE CITY.

Well, as will be found in another chapter, headed "Ohio River," giving a full and complete history of all shipping from this port, as early as 1831-2 the little steamer "U. S. Mail" began to run to Wheeling and in 1836-7 the "Utah" and "Steubenville" were put into the Pittsburgh trade especially, from this port. Hence a great deal of freight was brought by river. But in certain seasons there was frequently a lack of water, or the river froze over, when there was no alternative but to fall back upon road wagons. These were plentiful enough in years gone by—most of them being constructed to carry in the neighborhood of five tons—covered, and drawn by six horses. That method of hauling, however, like coaching, was exceedingly expensive, as $1 per cwt. was charged for freight from Pittsburgh to Steubenville, and $3.50 to $10 per cwt. from Philadelphia to Pittsburgh, according to the route, weather and nature of the goods hauled. An old settler remarked to us—"horses were nearly as numerous as flies through the country them days—were wanted for everything—and though they were considered very

cheap we could not get a real good span of coach horses under about $200. Oats cost from 18c to 26c per bushel ; corn 25c and hay $6 per ton. I've known wheat fetching $1.50 in eastern markets when the price here was not over 30c per bushel, but" —he remarked with a smile and a shake of the head—"the railroads have closed up all such gaps in these days." Nor must it be supposed that stage Coach drivers fared any better than the most underpaid railroad officials in our time, for their average salaries did not exceed from $10 to $12 per month, while upon them devolved all responsibilities. Of course, each driver was boarded by his employer, but was held accountable for the care and attention necessary to the management of his team without the aid of a hostler. And thus did things move along down to

THE INTRODUCTION OF RAILROADS,

the idea of which was discussed as early as 1847-8. In February of the latter year, a charter being obtained for the "Steubenville & Indiana railroad" with the following names thereto as incorporators : James Wilson, James Means, Nathaniel Dike, Wm. McDonald, Daniel L. Collier, John Orr, John Andrews, David McGowan, Jas. Gallagher, James McKinney, Roswell Marsh, James Turnbull, and Alexander Doyle. So far, so good —but a sudden lull was experienced in working out the enterprise, and its further success down to 1850 looked truly doubtful, notwithstanding the local press kept the subject constantly before the people and at every turn urged its interest. This year, Mr. James Parks, Mr. A. L. Frazier and others also espousing the cause, conferred with Mr. Means and a number more of the incorporators upon the desirability of inviting Mr. Daniel Kilgore, then of Cadiz, to come in with them, and accept the presidency--they having unbounded faith in that gentleman's influence and executive ability. After due consideration Mr. Kilgore assented, and immediately removed from Cadiz to Steubenville, resolved to devote his entire energies to the work in hand. He and Mr. James Parks took to the country, locating the road, canvassing elections and soliciting stock and rights of way—in the prosecution of which duties they were exceedingly zealous and very successful. But during December of 1851, a serious blow fell upon the enterprise in the sudden death of Mr. Kilgore, during his absence in New York on railroad business, when he was succeeded in the presidency by Mr. Jas. Means. Mr. Parks, up to 1853, having also carried on a prosperous dry goods business in the city, that year relinquished it to concentrate his entire energies in the new project. The first sod was turned during 1851 or '52, on section one, near Shaman's dump, by Mr. Roswell Marsh, in the presence of quite a number of spectators, who heartily cheered and wished the enterprise a hearty God speed. The good work prospered down to the fall of 1853, when upon a Saturday afternoon, October 8th, three fine locomotives, (for those days) ran into the city across Market street, drawing in two cars. The engines' names were the "James Ross," "Bazaleel Wells" and "Steubenville." Speaking of that occasion the Steubenville Herald of October 10, 1853, says:—"They (the engines) passed up to the depot, above Market street, where a large concourse of people, with the military of the city had assembled, when this being a new era in the history of Steubenville, Colonel Collier was called upon and made an appropriate address, being followed by a lively air from the brass band in attendance. The military and citizens then crowded the cars—flags were flung to the breeze, fire arms discharged, and other manifestations made expressive of general delight.* This over, a free excursion was given along the line, the first officials being William Hinckle, engineer ; Charley Butterworth, firemen ; ____ Legare, of Baltimore, conductor, and Geo. Kells, of Steubenville, baggage master. Upon the return of the first train, of course a large crowd again gathered to gaze upon the modern iron horse, which seemed to say as he approached—

"Beware ! beware ! for I come in my might,

With a scream and a scowl of scorn—

With speed like the mountain eagle's flight

When he rides the breezes of morn."

Unionport was the extreme west to which trains at first ran. From Unionport, as the track was laid, they ran farther and still farther, until reaching Newark, where ultimately arrangements were effected to run a car into Columbus behind the Central Ohio railroad trains, which gave rise to the saying in Columbus among the officials of opposing lines : " Here comes the bobtail of the string bean railroad." For a complete history of this line, however, we must refer the reader to the appendix of this work, while we continue such features as specially pertain to its relations with Steubenville—the city to which it, is unquestionably indebted for its inception. The first tickets were issued from an old brick house that stood opposite the present freight depot, the latter then only consisting of a condemned railroad car, which remained in use for a year or two until the present office and shed was built, as supposed for temporary use also, but it has stood ever since. The old brick becoming an obstruction to the facilities necessary for increasing business, was torn down, and for a while tickets were issued from the freight office. And, by the way, ere we turn our attention from this office, we may remark having seen therein an entry of the very first freight shipped from Steubenville on this road, which consisted of the following articles : "

December 24, 1853, from Hull, Wood & Co., of this city, to Wm. and J. Hervey, of Unionport, one bag of coffee, one barrel of molasses, a barrel of mackerel and two boxes of candles." Also from the same parties to S. L. Hanna, Reed's Mill, one cheese box and one box of merchandise. Sharp & Craig also shipped to A. Hott, Cadiz, a consignment of stoves the same day. In 1865, a temporary building was next put up opposite the coal shute and used until the company requiring additional land in the vicinity, bought from the citizens the entire space extending from Washington to Market streets, and running parallel with Sixth streets, upon which stood sev-

* We never recollect seeing our citizens so well pleased as when the locomotive, Bazaleel Wells, (named after one of the first and most highly esteemed citizens of Steubenville,) came bounding through the southern part of the city into Market street. There was a large concourse of people assembled on the ground, at the time, who gave full expression to their joy by three times three, which rent the air. Whether this improvement will be of the benefit to Steubenville generally supposed, we are not prepared to say,—but brighter hopes are already animating our business men, and the prospective appears to be written upon almost every countenance of "Better times, coming boys."—Steubenville Herald, October 13, 1853.

HISTORY OF BELMONT AND JEFFERSON COUNTIES - 491

oral old brick structures. One of these old buildings they then used temporarily for an office, but it was not abandoned until last year, when the present neat brick depot was put up. The lower portion contains two capital waiting rooms and compact ticket office, with the baggage department at the west end of the building. The second story is devoted to a telegraph office and like conveniences for the train dispatcher, Mr. C. R. Fitch, and the superintendent of bridges, Mr. G. H. Kimbell. At first only one agent assumed charge of the freight and passenger departments. Frank A. Wells took the initiative, being followed by Mr. John T, Neilson, and in 1856, by Mr. A.. S. Parks, the present incumbent. In 1865, however, the freight and passenger departments were divided, when Mr. Wm. Hanhan became wicket agent, formerly clerk under Mr. A. S. Parks, and he was followed by Mr. McCasky, who still retains the position. We may also add that several years ago the railroad company had their chief offices here; in a long brick dwelling built by one Benjamin Drennin, and which still stands near or at the crossing of the track over North street. it was purchased before the line was opened and the president's office, directors' board room and superintendent's offices were here up to the general consolidation of the P., C. & St. L. R. R. Co. in 1868. For a number of years past the company have further conducted fine shops here for the manufacture and repair of their cars, at which quite a large number of men are kept in constant employment. What change has been wrought in the past few years—since the " James Ross," " Bazaleel Wells " and the "Steubenville " locomotives ran up and down the road once each way, daily, with sometimes two and mayhap three cars to a train ! Whereas, now it is nothing to witness passenger trains passing, to the extent of a, city block in length, and freight trains in the neighborhood of a quarter of a mile long. While eight regular passenger trains pass through Steubenville daily, to say nothing of frequent excursions, in addition to fourteen regular freights that almost daily have to be sent in two, three and even four sections. Why ! the comparison is simply marvellous, yet too truthfully. demonstrates the disadvantages under which our forefathers labored.

THE CLEVELAND AND PITTSBURGH RAILROAD.

As if in verification of the old time proverb, that " it never rains but it pours," so with the descent of "Dame Fortune's " smiles upon the prosperous city of Steubenville, for we find that simultaneous with the opening up of the foregoing railroad, the Cleveland and. Pittsburgh R. R. Co.—who had for years previously been running locomotives between Wellsville and Cleveland, transferring Pittsburgh passengers to boats at the latter point—were also engaged prosecuting the idea of continuing a direct track from Bellaire to Wellsville, through Steubenville. This scheme, however, was not the outgrowth of local enterprise, though looked upon with deep interest by the citizens, who were not slow to recognize much good to 'be derived through its agency. The track was laid and the first train went out of Steubenville in the fall of 1856, though without the ceremonies that marked the opening of the Steubenville and Indiana road. The engine was the " Rhode Island," afterwards sold to the government during the war, its engineer being Sherman Brazette, and the conductor named Meaker. Mr. J. J. Johnston sold the first tickets from a small corner brick office in a warehouse occupied with grain, belonging to a Mr. Gieselman, who ran a mill just above whore the St. Nicholas Hotel now stands. It was precisely on the corner of Market and Water streets,. and the grain had to be shoveled away to provide Mr. Johnston with standing room. He had a barrel stood on end, upon which he placed a small green box (still in his possession) then containing the tickets, and when the train had left he was not sorry to be released from so compressed a corn crib. As the corn was disposed of, better space was secured until an office, probably ten feet by twelve, was obtained. the first train was mixed—freight, material for the permanent way, and passengers—and ran to Wellsville, but it was some three or four weeks later ere the line was opened to Bellaire. Mr. Joseph Johnson was the first agent herb, who engaged his son, Mr. J. J. Johnson, as clerk in the ticket office, and Mr. J. C. Doyle in the freight department, A frame building was subsequently erected at the foot of South street, where the passenger and freight business was conducted for probably nine years. Then the present depot at the foot of Market street was built, which is now simply used as the Western Union telegraph and railroad ticket offices, with baggage and waiting rooms. The present freight offices and warehouse are at the foot of South street; were erected in 1857 and the platform covered at the north end of it probably seven

I-62—B. & J: Cos.

or eight years ago. Mr. Joseph Johnson remained as the depot agent for some four years, when Mr. J. C. Doyle succeeded him for about five years. Mr. Doyle then went with the Pan Handle railroad company, and the passenger and freight departments being separated about that time, David Myers, of this city, became freight agent for a few mouths, succeeded by a young man named Crawford, of Cleveland, for probably two years, after which Dr. S. R. McGee, of Cadiz, filled the position some ten years, succeeded by Mr. A. S. Doyle, after which Mr. J. C. Doyle returned, May, 1878, and still holds the office. In the passenger department, Mr. Wyndkoop was succeeded, in 1863, as ticket agent, by Mr. Bennett, and that gentleman subsequently by Messrs. Town, Ross and John Fox, Robert Wolff, John Campbell and George C. Dickinson, the present incumbent. The baggage-masters here, since the opening of this line, have been John Connor, Stephen Wilde and J. J. Robinson, the latter being an old and trusty servant, still performing the duties. The Western Union telegraph, in this building, is at present in charge of Mr. George C. Dickinson.

As an evidence of the growth of traffic on this road, from one mixed train a day at its outset, it has increased until they now have eight regular passenger and eight regular freight trains, the latter frequently having to be sent in double and triple sections.

OPENING OF THE WHEELING DIVISION OF THE P,. C. & ST. L. R. R.

[A complete History of which will be found in the Appendix.]

This road, which has proved an inestimable advantage to Steubenville's commercial interests, was opened formally on the 24th of February, 1878, when about 4 p. m. engine 47 with two new passenger coaches, a baggage car, etc., and several freights left the P., C.& St. L. depot in Steubenville for Wheeling, arriving there at 5:15, and returning the next day at 5:05 a, m , arriving here on time. Among those who went out .with the train were Messrs. J. H. Barrett, Supt. of the division ; Ross Kells, master mechanic of the company's shops at Dennison ; G. L. Layng, superintendent of telegraph ; M. J. Becker, chief engineer; Charles Mackin, contractor, &c. They reported the road bed in good condition and solid. Ottis Nowell was telegraph operator at Wheeling Junction, east of the bridge. J. P. Kline was agent at Wellsburg ; J. G. Tomlinson, ticket agent at Wheeling, and J. M. Bellville was freight agent at the latter place. The crew of the train consisted of Capt. E. Tait, conductor ; Charles Wolf; engineer, and J. L. Neeley, baggage master. As may naturally be supposed, all along the line the greatest curiosity was excited to see the iron horse come bounding through pastures green , the main points for special rejoicings being at Steubenville, Wellsburg and Wheeling. From that day until the present, the road has been singularly fortunate and free from accidents, owing, probably, in no measured degree to the excellency of the officers in charge of that division. The business has not only increased immeasurably, but is daily increasing, while the line grows rapidly in public estimation. Thus it will be seen, that as regards railroad communications, Steubenville is singularly blessed, as the traveler can leave town by the cars in five different directions, with a prospect, in the near future, of a sixth.

AND YET ANOTHER RAILROAD.

A third railroad enterprise is now under way, and is being pushed vigorously towards completion, being a narrow gauge road from Richmond, in this county, to the city, with the ultimate idea of extending it from Richmond to Youngstowm and connecting with the narrow gauge system which is destined at no distant day to extend across the country from east to west. The grading is now about completed from Richmond to where the road strikes the river six miles above Steubenville, and before a great while this much is expected to be in operation.

THE FIRST TELEGRAPH LINES IN STEUBENVILLE.

The first line brought to this city was known as the O'Reilly line—J. K. Moorhead, President ; J. D. Reed, Secretary , Jackson Duncan Superintendent of Repairs ; the latter now of Hand street, Pittsburgh. The first office was opened in 1847, in a room over the present Union Savings institution:, Third street, by Anson Stager, Fred Beisel and -- Bush. The first message was to announce the departure, at Pittsburg, of Henry Clay on the steamer " Monongahela " for his home, in Kentucky. Of course, almost the entire city was prompted to make for the landing and see if the boat arrived in due time. White's band

492 - MEMORY OF BELMONT AND JEFFERSON COUNTIES.

(one of the institutions of the city in those days), went and played lively airs from the roof of the wharf boat, which, however, succumbed to the vibration, and let the. whole of the band through, though fortunately none were hurt. The line consisted of three-ply wires, and ran across the " Pan Handle, " the circuit extending from Pittsburgh through Steubenville and Wheeling, Zanesville, Columbus, Springfield, Dayfon, Cincinnati, Lawrenceburg and Massillon, to Louisville. The first employe was Alexander Cures, as a messenger boy, who was followed by .Joseph Keith. The latter and David G. Moody were the first Steubenville boys to learn the art, and among the first "sounders" (reading by sound), both becoming experts. The latter, in 1852, whcn the flood destroyed the line between Steubenville and Whecling, had an office with relay and key only in the dining room of the Edgington mansion, in West Virginia, and transmitted all messages between the west and south and north and east, in daylight, without difficulty. The steamers " Manchester " and " Diurnal " carried dispatches daily over the broken line. The wire was carried over the river at the upper (Inglebright's) ferry, then run by means of a mast on the Virginia side, planted a few yards above the old warehouse on the bank above the ferry road, and to a large oak tree on the hillside on the Ohio side. Marion H. Markle, of the Western Union office; Pittsburgh, was the first operator, succeeded by Curtis, of the Western Reserve, he by one Douglas Reid, and subsequently George Dean, of Amsterdam, and this brought telcgraphy down to 1854, after which we have failed to obtain a complete list of operators to the present.

STEUBENVILLE AS A SEAT FOR MANUFACTURE.

AN INTERESTING CHAPTER ON ITS VARIOUS DEFUNCT AND EXISTING

INSTITUTIONS.

For the conduct of manufacture, trade and commerce, few cities afford equal facilities with Steubenville. From its earliest location, its numerous advantages—improved during each succeeding year—have justly won for it the confidence and support of enterprising and far-seeing business men. Whether it be water power, an inexhaustible home supply of coal, limestone or ore, rail, river or road communications, cheap building sites or prudent capitalists that may be desired to facilitate sound and remunerative investments, each and all may be verily met with here. Nor have such inducements made themselves manifest only within the past few years, for a careful investigation of our remarks to follow will prove conclusively it has ever been thus since that most worthy of pioneers, the late Bazaleel Wells, Esq., first took .up his abode in this immediate locality. He it was who first " set the mill a-going " here, in the way of manufacture, by taking the initiative in the establishment of

A GRIST AND SAW MILL.

This was in 1802—when inhabitants were scarce, indeed—and it was barely certain, in the matter of Steubenville's prosperity, whether the " wind would blow foul or fair." But the noble philanthropist took little care so long as he could provide satisfactorily for the rising community he was so desirous of gathering around him. The humble enterprise, as it would be deemed in those days, was located on Wells' run, its motive power, of course, being water, at first, which was subsequently abandoned for steam. In after years it passed through several hands, and was ultimately converted into a distillery by one Gieselman, whose property it was, though not in operation, when it took fire and was totally consumed in 1857--having rendered one half a century's service.

THE FIRST TANNERY.

So early as 1798-9 was it, that Benjamin Doyle took the initiative in this business, laying several vats at the head of North street, where he conducted a capital business. Ho; however, subsequently sold out the enterprise to Samuel Hanna, and he learned the business to Joseph C. Spencer, who ran it afterwards for probably thirty years. At present the old business is in the hands of John Myers.

BRICE, VIERS'S TANNERY.

Following the example of Mr. Doyle, in 1802-3, Brice Viers also evidenced a spirit of enterprise by establishing a tannery on the present site of the "Steubenville Coal & Coke Co.'s" coke ovens, which he ran down to 1830-1. The premises then lay idle a while, after which, Thomas J. Viers and E. H. McFeeley succeeded to them for the conduct of hand-loom weaving, subsequently removing therefrom to secure steam power, when the building again stood vacant until demolished to afford a site for the present coke .ovens.

THE PRESENT ELLIOTT TANNERY.

As leather was one of the most important articles in demand among our earliest pioneers it is a matter of little surprise that competition in that line of manufacture was the first to present itself. In addition to Viers' and Doyle's tanneries, in 1810 Samuel Williams brought a third into operation on Market street, where the present Elliott tannery is conducted. He ran it till about 1817, when John Jenkinson succeeded to the business, which he continued till 1820-1, and John and George Hogg, (two Englishmen) came in, and for ten or twelve years made quite a success of it. During their administration, or at least a good share of it, Mr. William Elliott took an active part in the business, became part proprietor in 1835, buying the Hoggs out entirely. during 1855 and 1865. He still carries on the business extensively.

DISTILLERIES IN STEUBENVILLE.

The earliest attempts at distilling in this section were of such a primitive character and so general that we cannot include every one who tried their hand in the business. The principal ones, however, were, first—P. Snyder, from Uniontown, Pennsylvannia, who came here about 1798, and between that date and 1800, ran a small distil where Butte's brewery now stands, at the head of Adams street. He, we learn, was killed in 1803 by the caving in of a well, in the Market square. He had descended part way, on to some timber, which he was sawing, when the sides gave way—he was buried, as it were, alive, and the body was not recovered until two or three days afterwards. The second was put into operation by Bazaleel Wells, at what is known as Rockville, near the present Boreland coal shaft. It ran several years, but was ultimately abandoned, and there only remains a tenant dwelling house, of olden times, to mark the spot. The third was started by Andrew and Robert Thompson, at what is known as Jacksonville, near the present cemetery. The Thompson's ran a small mill by ox-tread power, and commenced distilling in 1826. They afterwards put in steam power and sold out to James Wilson and he, in turn to Harrison Myers. Robert Thompson moved to Bridgeport, and there died of cholera in 1833. The business subsequently changed bands several times, and at length the premises were torn down. Next: a man named Geischman opened a distillery in Well's old mill property, about 1855-7 which he continued till he was burnt out. Mears & Trotter instituted an extensive rectifying business in 1835-6 or thereabouts, on Market street, between Third and High, which they ran some years, when another brother in the Mears family bought Totter out, and the business was coutinued by R &. T. Mears. Mr. Trotter went to California. The Mears' afterwards removed to the South side of Market, street, and built the fine block at present occupied by Mr. S. McElvaney, wholesole liquor merchant, in 1865. They also owned a flour mill and distillery, near Well's run, which was burnt in 1874.

POTTERY WORKS IN STEUBENVILLE.

Among the foremost enterprises in this section we have also to include the manufacture of common red crock glass ware from local clay beds. The first works of this kind was opened in 1806 by J. C. Fisher, near the present crossing of the Pan Handle R. R., on Market street. He however died about a year subsequently, and his son Thomas succeeded to the business. He also removed to Adams street, and eventually joined one Samuel Tarr in starting a second enterprise of the kind on Market between Third and High streets, on the property now owned by the Means's estate. But Thomas's earthly pilgrimage being cut short, the works did not long survive him. A man named Holder, also ran a similar pottery for a while on Fourth street, but it subsequently fizzled out. There are good prospects, however, this year (1879) of a better class of pottery works being established, for which, according to the local press, considerable stock is already subscribed, and we see no reason why, in this particular line of enterprise, Steubenville should not prove equally as successful as Liverpool and other prominent points—she certainly lacks in no facilities.

HISTORY OF BELMONT AND JEFFERSON COUNTIES - 493

PIONEER NAIL MANUFACTURER.

Though several otter little shops of minor importance crept into existence between 1803-11, it was during the latter year that Andrew and Robert Thompson launched forth in the manufacture of nails, with Wm. Kilgore and Hugh Sterling as their workmen. But anteceding the introduction of nailing machines and steam power, of course, his productions were all hand-made, and the result of his labors was of necessity very limited. Yet he toiled on, and for a while flourished, until modern discoveries in his craft so closely followed up the increasing demand that in 1816 or 1817, Robert sought a more lucrative investment.

ANOTHER FLOUR MILL AND COTTON FACTORY,

In view of the success attending the Wells mill, and breadstuffs being in rapidly increasing demand, a private company was formed in Steubenville about 1812 or 1813 to erect another flour mill, which was carried into effect during the latter year on Market street between High and Water streets, under the superintendence of Adam Moderwell, and a few years later a brick cotton factory was added, extending in the direction of and facing Market street. The factory, however, did not succeed and was ultimately converted into a warehouse for the mill. This entire enterprise exchanged hands several times, Mr. James Means running it many years, and it was rented by one Gieselman, when on the 23d of December, 1856, it was totally destroyed by fire.

ORIGIN OF THE "CLINTON" PAPER MILLS.

Next—as if to continue the variety in new projects springing up—we find that in 1813 Messrs. Scott & Bayless resolved on the erection of a paper mill which they duly opened the succeeding year under the above title. From its outset it has changed bands frequently and passed through numerous vicissitudes, including, on one occasion, the removal of the upper portion of one section of it by the storm, and with employes in it, carried to a considerable distance, while on another occasion it was subject to a serious conflagration. Yet it sesms to have nobly braved all reverses, and may be said to bloom at the present time more freshly than ever. It is now in the competent hands of Mr. J. F. Dunbar, as proprietor, who has in various capacities been associated, with it since 1865. Its chief product is newspaper, print paper, and it employs an average of 100 to 150 hands steadily. And now dawns

THE FIRST WOOLEN MILL.

In consequence of the war of 1812-13, this country experienced a great lack of manufactured articles, and to Steubenville's honor be it said she was the first town in the Union to lay home-made woolen cloths at the feet of Columbia. Four patriotic men---Bazaleel Wells, Samuel Patterson (both of Steubenville) James Ross and Henry Baldwin (of Pittsburgh)—formed a partnership to float the enterprise, and lost no time in. erecting a factory on the southwest corner of lot 15 on Market street. It was 110x28, with hip roof, belfry cupalo and spire displaying a golden ball and fleece. It was completed in 1814, and early in the following spring the steam engine was brought from Pittsburgh, under the supervision of a Mr. Latrobe, and by him put in place. It being the first institution of the kind, and as we shall have frequently to briefly refer to subsequent ones, we may be pardoned for monopolizing space to describe what it was like. After repeated trials, the engine was started April 10, 1815, at which precise hour, unhappily, Mr. Samuel Patterson, one of the owners, breathed his last. C. H. Orth, a German, was employed as manager, with a stated salary and one-fifth of the profits--the firm style being C. H. Orth & Co., Stephen Johnson and Adam Wise, skilled mechanics, either in iron or wood, built the machinery. The carding machine had a twenty-four inch cylinder for making rolls; forty spindles, a "billy" for drawing the rolls into the stubbing for the spinners, and three "spinning jennies"—one of forty and two of sixty spindles. William Fisher, a cooper, ran the "billy." Enos Lucas, George and Peter Dohrman, learned to spin first by drawing one thread, but in a few days they could fill all the spindles. By this time two broadcloth looms were built, and John Arthur and Robert Semple, Scotchmen, (both hand-loom weavers) were the first to weave broadcloth in the states. It was amusing to see a common laborer learning to weave. To time his foot with his hands, be had his treddles marked "hay foot" and. "straw foot" to raise the shade, for the shuttles passed through as he would say "up comes sugan, down goes gad." In time different men learned to weave. Spinning, weaving, and most other processes were done by hand, and steam power was only applied to carding machines and the fulling mill, while the spinning jennies were increased in number from time to time. This mode of manufacture continued for years, but special improvements in machinery were introduced in 1820. The power loom, spinning, knapping and shearing were then operated by steam. June 20, 1822, the dwelling houses, office and warerooms, however, were burnt. Previous to this, the firm of C, H. Orth & Co., ceased, Ross and Baldwin having disposed of their interest to Judge Tappan and W. R. Dickinson, the firm subsequently being styled simply B. Wells & Co. Judge Tappan next retired, when Wells & Dickinson extensively manufactured broadcloth and cassimeres until March, 1830, when they went into assignment—D. L. Collier being trustee of the factory and lot, The old bell tolled a requiem to bygone years, and the hands went about the streets mourning. A judgment was next obtained in the District Court against Wells & Dickinson for $120,000, and U. S. Marshal John Patterson, levied upon their effects, sacrificing, among other things, four thousand head of sheep, of which they were accustomed to keep enormous numbers, and be credited with introducing the finest of breeds into this country. Dickinson went to Texas, and there died, while Wells was left hopelessly bankrupt, though without a blemish on integrity and noble disposition—he died in August, 1864. The factory afterwards fell into a succession of hands, finally being owned by a Mr, Good- ale, who continued to run it down to April 11, 1837, when it took fire and was burned to the ground.

STEUBENVILLE FOUNDRY.

As elsewhere referred to, this is one of the oldest foundries and machine shops in the state, established so early as 1816. The present proprietors, J. & J. Means, two brothers, however, only succeeded to it in 1873, purchasing it for $25,135. Considerable improvements have since been made. and a finer institution than it is to-day need not be desired. Portable and stationary engines and all kinds of machinery, railroad and other castings, &c., are here turned out, but they make no specialty of marine engines. Nevertheless, they have made one recently that has been placed in the " Phaeton " steamer, and has gained the reputation for that boat of being the fastest on the river.

THE MANUFACTURE OF COPPERAS.

About 1820, an enterprising German, by the name of Kulp, went into the manufacture of copperas, which he continued with success for several years, employing four small kettles, but he finally returned to " Faderland. Five or ten years later, however, to wit, in 1830 or 1835, John Fisher also saw a living in the same business and embarked therein, his son having succeeded to the same, which he still runs with much success. The old gentleman, who is probably one of the most venerable pioneers still living in the county, assures us be has manufactured as high as fifteen hundred barrels in a season.

THE FIRST BREWERY.

Though intemperance has become far more prevalent of late years, yet it must not be supposed that our worthy ancestors were any less informed than we, that

" John Barley Corn" is a hero, bold

As any in the land—

Whose fame path stood for ages past,

And shall for ages stand."

"Mafigellum " was universally admitted to be a good beverage in its day, but only too weak were its fascinations, in many instances, when " Old John " came strolling around. Cognizant of the philosophy of this mode of argument, so early as 1815 was it that a Mr. Dunlap established a brewery just below the paper mill, and there soon worked up quite a trade. He, however, only run the business some three years, and then sold out to Charles F. Leiblin, who increased the trade, and remained thereat for many years, but eventually a Mr. Thompson Hanna, who then ran the paper mill, saw prudent to buy the property, which he converted into tenement houses.

THE DAWN OF FOUNDRIES AND MACHINE SHOPS.

The same year (1816) Arthur M. Phillips and Robert Carroll established a foundry, which was afterward enlarged, and the manufacture of steam engines undertaken (probably in 1819-20), thus entitling this establishment to the credit of being one of

494 - HISTORY OF BELMONT AND JEFFERSON COUNTIES.

the oldest of the kind west of Pittsburg. Mr. James Means afterward purchased the foundry and enlarged it, and aftcr his death, his sons, James and John, succeeded to the business. They purchascd it in 1863, and still conduct it successfully. One of the immense engines at the water works was manufactured at these shops, arid their make of machinery is scattered all over the country.

BOOK BINDING AND BLANK BOOK MANUFACTURE.

So early as 1810, when James Turnbull opened the first stationery store—he being a practical book binder--the first binding and blank book manufactory dawned in this community. Ncxt, a Mr. Frazier followed the same busincss, after whom came Mr. McDowell and John Mills ; the latter being at present superintendent of the bindery at the Intelligencer office, Wheeling, W. Va. Mr. Mills sold out to Mr. Allison, but after the latter sold out the general business of the herald newspaper to Mr. Conn, he also continued a bindery. At the present writing, however, there are only two binderies in Steubenville, and they are excellent ones. Mr. Conn, of the Daily Herald, has one and Messrs. Sprague and Carnahan, on the Market Square, the other, the latter gentlemen also running an excellent job printing office.

A CASTER OIL WORKS.

Few old pioneers were more popular in this section than the late Dr. McDowell, probably the first resident physician in Steubenville. in 1818-20, he raised castor beans in large quantities, and located a castor oil factory in the neighborhood of Stony Hollow, where he continued a short time, but finding that the frosts came too early, and cut off the beans before they matured, resolved that this location for such an enterprise was too far north, and therefore abandoned his enterprise which has never since been reinstated.

MURRAY'S (NOW STAPLES') BOAT YARD.

And yet another feature in the way of manufacture dawned when in 1819 Captain Elijah Murray saw no good reason why Steubenville should not establish herself a reputation as a boat building point on the Ohio. Nor was he wrong in his judgment, as subsequent developements conclusively demonstrated. In the aforesaid year he opened a yard on the present site of Staples' boat yard and saw mill, and soon gave employment to quite a number of men. The captain was equally as popular on the river as he was in the city, and few could excel him in mechanical skill. During his business career he built quite a number of steamers, including the "Bazaleel Wells," "Robert Thompson," "Steubenville," "Aurora," &c., but in 1832, he was visited with a fire that cleared out the whole business. Subsequently, on the same site, David Cable and James McKinney opened up a saw mill, eventually adding a planing mill, which they ran for some time when it fell into the hands of Robert and George McKinney, during whose proprietory, in 1867, it was burnt out again. Geo. McKinney rebuilt again about a year and a half afterwards and took in John Tweed as a partner in the lumber business. Next, George bought out his partner andtook in J McCray; they continued only together some three years, when the property was sold out to the trustees of the Economist Society, from whom Mr. Charles Staples, the present proprietor, purchased comparatively recently.

ARMSTRONG'S BREWERY.

As if impressed with the old sentiment, as applied to matrimony, that "what will keep one, will keep two," we next find Mr. Alexander Armstrong here opening up a second brcwery, in 1819, selecting as the most favorable location, Water street, a little below where the old "Albright" mill now stands. Here ho remained during his life-time, but an Englishman by the name of Woods rented it, and is said to have brewed the first ale for the market in Steubenville. He was succeeded by a Mr. Rolly, for some time, and then Mr. Joseph Basler, Sr., removed into the said premises, coming from the old brewery originally in possession of Mr. Leiblin. Mr. Basler here continued business till 1852, when he went into the brewery, still in operation by his son, on High street. The old Armstrong brewery property then stood idle for years, but was purchased some five years ago by a Mr. Zimmerman, who has died since, and his widow still resides in a very attractive residence on the old site.

LARIMORE'S COTTON FACTORY.

During the years 1824-5, a second mill was built by David Larimore, at the foot of Adams street, just opposite the present city water works. It was a fine building, gave employment to quite a large number of hands, and was considered, in its day, a great acquisition to the prosperity of the town. But it was destined to only a brief career of usefulness, for in 1833 it was totally destroyed by fire. Mr. Larimore afterward received the appointment of postmaster, which position he filled with complete satisfaction for some twenty years or more.

THE ARKRIGHT COTTON FACTORY. .

This factory, which was erected on the corner of Water and Washington streets, in 1826, by William Gwyn (or Guinn) & Co., once formed an important item in Steubenville's manufactures. Its. original owners were succeeded by Warner & Co., in 1868, who remodeled it and made considerable additions. It at one time gave employment to some three or four hundred hands, though chiefly boys and girls. It sfopped running in 1872, the building and machinery being sold to some parties in Chicago, who had the latter removed. The building is now occupied as headquarters for the " Ohio, Pennsylvania and West Virginia Wool Growers' Association "—an inter-state enterprise—which selected Steubenville for its exceptional shipping facilities, and on account of its being located in one of the best wool-growing regions in the world.

THE HISTORY OF THE CHEMICAL WORKS.

As if still resolved to maintain variety, 1831 witnessed in the Sixth ward, the dawn of a chemical works, started by Dr. Benjamin Tappan, who three years after, sold to Alexander Wells, son of Bazaleel Wells, and one Simmons, an English chemist, who united in partnership, and conducted the manufacture of Prussian blue, certain acids, copperas, &c., which they ran for some time, but eventually sold out and the enterprise gradually dwindled to nothingness. Though taking a wide skip in dates, we may also include in this relation the establishment of yet another venture known as the Pan Handle chemical works, founded by a Steubenville firm—Messrs. Laughlin & Long—in 1877, which still flourishes, and is building up a capital business in the present day by the production Of a matchless lino of fertilizers.

WALLACE'S (OR "ASHLAND") COTTON FACTORY.

In 1832, when President Jackson vetoed the United States Bank, he advocated the establishment of more country banks, and that they issue their "promises to pay" in quantities to suit the demands of the people, at the same time recommending that the banks exercise a liberality towards merchants and manufacturers by discounting their paper, and extending loans to the same. This privilege the banks availed themselves of to such an extent that in a very short time the country was flooded with their "promises to pay" money, or its equivalent, a tide of business activity set in. Manufacturies were erected and put into operation; new stores were opened and their shelves stocked with merchandise; speculation was rife among' the people; wages: were advanced and every one appeared to be on the road to prosperity. Now, it was under these circumstances that the idea was conceived by C. H. Orth, James Wallace and Nathaniel Dike, of building a mill, such as should far excel anything of the kind west of the mountains, and this project they lost no time in carrying out by the erection of what was known as "Wallace's factory," situated at the head of Market street. The building was of brick, being one hundred arid eighty feet long, forty feet wide and four stories high, surmounted with a belfry and suitable weather vane—the entire project costing in the neighborhood of $75,000. This building, however, was burned down in 1868. A new structure half the size of the original one was then erected by making use of the old walls, which were found to be perfectly sound, after the two upper stories were taken off. It was subsequently named the "Ashland mill." This building, only two stories high, 180 feet long and 40 feet wide, after its completion was filled with the latest improved machinery and put into active operation. But the fates had decreed against it, and in 1877 it also fell a prey to "the devouring elements"—nothing being left to denote its former existence but a few blackened and charred walls. James Wallace, one of the original owners, retained an interest in its management from the first up to his death in 1870 or 1871. After his death it was carried on by his sons up to its final destruction as above stated.

HISTORY OF BELMONT AND JEFFERSON COUNTIES - 495

THE UNION FACTORY.

This building also stood at the head of Market street, anterior to and directly parallel across the street, from the Wallace factory. It was originally a frame, put up by James Wallace and Brice Baker, who ran it by bull and horse power. Messrs. Orth & Wallace, however, occupied it during the construction of their new mill. It afterward passed into the hands of Steele & Fagg, who manufactured carding machines. James L. McDevitt also occupied the lower portion for a machine shop. Samuel Hewitt afterward became the owner of it, and manufactured jeans. "King Sam," as he was familiarly called, was rather an eccentric character, who took the world precisely as he found it—nothing whatever seeming to disturb his equilibrium. At one time he was notified that his factory was on fire, to which he coolly, but promptly responded—"Well, well—if it burns down I'll build a brick." At another time one of his employes observed him standing in the back yard, with his hands behind him, smoking a cigar and looking very intently at the top of the building, when he coolly remarked to the young man : " Go tell McGuintee to throw a bucket of water on that blaze ; nave been watching it for full fifteen minutes and it will neither burn nor go out." In fifteen minutes more, had not his employes complied with the request the building would have been enveloped in flames. We merely mention these incidents as illustrative of the character of the man. Mr. Hewitt afterwards failed, and went to California, where he eventually accumulated considerable wealth,before his death. Mr. James Little manufactured gun barrels in the basement of the factory while Mr. Hewitt was the owner. This business, with the building, was afterwards purchased by Bennet Reynolds, who conducted the same up to his death. Subsequently, the building with its contents, was destroyed by fire. A three-story brick building was afterwards erected on the site and run as a white lead works, first by Hannan & Foster, then by Foster, but at present it is owned by M. L. Miller and occupied by Messrs. Grafton & Harvey, who are conducting an excellent business in the manufacture and applying of " Grafton's patent galvanized cap sheet metal roofing," introduced April, 1878, and now fast becoming the roof of the day.

ARMSTRONG AND NORTHROP'S FACTORY.

This institution shared only a short life, but a merry one. During the flush times of 1834-5, the above gentlemen launched into the manufacture of jeans in the neighborhood of Seventh street, and for a time appeared to prosper swimmingly, but after the general suspension of banks that so characterized the memorable year of 1837, they were forced to yield to the pressure of the times.

THE "GOLGOTHA" FACTORY.

Located on the south end of Fifth street. This was a two-story frame structure, of no particular magnitude, but at which woolen goods were extensively produced. Being in close proximity to the old grave yard, bounded by Fourth and Fifth streets, is how it took its name "Golgotha," (signifying a place of skulls). It was originally started and managed by Robert C. Peters, who was succeeded by Foster & Beatty and others. The old building is now used by J. Hineman as a soap factory.

McDOWELL'S FACTORY.

Like many others, during inflation times, Alexander McDowell saw proper to rush business, and in 1834-5, put up a small woolen factory on Water street, where Kenyon's foundry now stands. It, however, was but very short lived, having with others to yield to the pressure of the succeeding stringent times.

McKEE & ROBINSON'S FACTORY.

This building was erected by the gentlemen named about 1838, on Short creek, and actively employed for some years. The farmers adjacent were its main customers, whose mode of trading enabled this factory to outlive some others. Farmers would bring in their wool and have it manufactured into blankets and cassimeres, or would exchange the raw material for manufactured goods. The building was, some years subsequently, run by Mr. John McFeeley, and after him, Cummings & Gibson, but the Sheriff eventually taking it in hand, we are unable to give further of its history beyond adding that at present writing it stands idle.

THE "ROCKVILLE" FACTORY.

About 1836-7, this business was floated by Wells, Henry & Co., on the site where Boreland's coal shaft is now operated, in the sixth ward, and for a number of years was very prosperous. Henry, however, who was business manager, and general salesman, in the end became, so financially involved that the business was forced to go under, and he subsequently took up his abode in the western states, where he is said to have lived in affluence. The building was sometimes afterward succeeded to by Morris, Foster & Hunter, who ran a window glass factory—probably between 1846-8—ten years after which it was pulled down, for other improvements.

THE "FRANKLIN" FACTORY,

situated on south Seventh street, for the manufacture of woolen goods, was put into operation under the auspices of Benjamin Hipsley, Wm. B. Hawkins, Thos. Egan, Alfred Cooper and Wm. Eaken, under the firm style of Hipsley, Hawkins & Co. It afterwards passed into the hands of Smith, McElrath & Co., who were succeeded by Viers & Co., they continuing the manufacture of the same line of goods until their failure, about 1844, when the machinery was sold and transferred to other localities. The building has since been improved, and is now owned by Z. & W. C. Anderson, who conduct a prosperous planing mill.

THE FIRST AND PRESENT GLASS WORK ENTERPRISES.

So' early as 1830, Kilgore & Hanna ventured into this line of manufacture, when, from its "brittle" character, or other cause, they found it imperative, very soon after, to give it up. In 1845-6, however, Joseph Beatty and Edward Stillman also made a move in the same direction and their efforts were crowned with success. The *original works were located on north Third street, but subsequent developments necessitated their removal to south Third street, whore the business is still continued. In 1852 Mr. A. J. Beatty succeeded to the business single handed, and so increased it that in 1862—ten years later—the old works had to be replaced with others of four times the original one's capacity. And we should state, that previous to Mr. B.'s purchase, all kinds of glass had been manufactured here, but since then the business has been confined, almost exclusively to the production of tumblers, for which they have secured Steubenville a wide-spread reputation. The works are now managed by the sons of the late proprietor, still under the firm style of "A. J. Beatty & Sons," and have run with remarkable steadiness for years past. They ship to all parts of the world, and are even said to compete with English manufacturers in their own market. The works employ about 160 hands, and when in full operation turn out, on an average, 36,000 tumblers per day.

WINDOW GLASS FACTORY.

Somewhere in the neighborhood of 1846 to '49, Samuel Hunter, Justice G. Morris and D. Foster succeeded to the old Rockville factory, near Boreland's shaft, and entered upon the manufacture of window glass ; but a very few year saw their business closed out, and the old building was finally abolished for all purposes.

GILL BROS. & CO.'S "ACME" FLINT GLASS WORKS.

This institution, though classified so early in our notes is, however, one of comparatively modern origin, but being the only house of its kind in the city we prefer to dispose of it while we have glass manufacture under review. The site of these works, in the Fifth ward, facing the "Pan Handle" track, was in 1870 occupied by a mower and reaper company, whose project fell through, but were succeeded by Messrs. Riddick, McKee & Co., in 1874, who had hardly commenced glass manufacture ere the present firm took the entire enterprise out of their hands. At these works they have probably one of the largest furnaces in the world; their special feature in manufacture being the production of lamp chimneys, which they may be said to circulate all over the globe. In 1857 they shipped over 50,000 cases from their works. They employ about 200 hands, and produce in the neighborhood of 1,000 gross of chimneys each week. The proprietors may reasonably be congratulated on presiding over one of the finest enterprises Steubenville has seen. And next comes

* These works were subsequently run by Hull & Bro., as also Knowles & Co., each for a brief period, and finally were transformed into private dwellings.

496 - HISTORY OF BELMONT AND JEFFERSON COUNTIES.

BASLER'S BEER BREWERY.

This enterprise was originally established on Water street, in 1836, by Joseph Basler, Sr., who run it many years for the production of ale, but moved to the present premises in 1852, and the business is now run by Joseph Basler, Jr., an expert in the brewing art, who has changed it to a beer brewery within the past year or two. The brewery is located on High street, and at present writing is doing a capital home trade.

THE PRODUCTION OF SILK FOR MANUFACTURE.

Though barely coming within the meaning of "manufacture," the following is so near akin that we venture to concede to it a mention under that caption. In 1836 one William Watkins built the original portion of the residence now occupied by Mrs. Col. Geo. W. McCook, on North Seventh street, and there grew mulberries and raised a large number of silk worms, from which he reeled the silk for Mr. John W. Gill, of Mount Pleasant—the actual manufacturer—but never was actual silk manufacture conducted in Steubenville. Mr. Watkins is credited, by old pioneers still living, with having nevertheless conducted a profitable and extensive business in his particular line for some years.

HINEMAN'S SOAP FACTORY.

The first regular soap manufactory of which we can glean any information, was established about, 1838, or thereabouts, by one Fred Misselwitz, a practical soap boiler from Germany, who that year opened a factory on Water street, near the present waterworks. He was very successful, and securing a little money imagined that better fortunes awaited him in Illinois, whither he went, but only to return in two years, a poorer yet wiser man. Then he went into partnership with one John Sellers, and near his old stand, in a frame building, they pulled together two years. By this time they separated, Fred building a shop where the present Odd Fellow's Hall stands, on Fourth street, which was finished in 1846. During his career at this address Chris. lineman went with him to learn the business, and Fred formed a partnership with Mr. J. W. Mendel, during which co-ship they bought a lot at Mr. lineman's present address, and put up a one story frame. It only took about two years, however, to find them dissolved, when Fred took in Mr. A. H. Dohrmann, and a like term found them no longer pulling together. Fred having observed that his old partner, John Sellers on Water street, had continued the business successfully from their dissolution, now returned to the old stand, and the two again formed a partnership, and went into the manufacture of soda ash. Mr. lineman, by this time, having also become competent in the business of soap boiling, formed a partnership with Mr. Mendel, opened up at his present address, and they succeeded together for twelve years. But in 1862 they mutually dissolved, and Mr. Hineman took in George M. Cummins, with, whom he continued association down to 1870. Then he succeeded to the entire business himself, but subsequently finding his son, Mr. John lineman, fully competent, he turned the business into his hands, and that gentleman is at the present time continuing it a decided success, in the manufacture of dip candles, common soaps, tallow and Neat's foot oils, &c. This house has a capacity if necessary to produce almost any amount of goods, as they have additional facilities to conduct manufacture near the "dump" on Third street. They used to ship extensively, but of late years only meet the demands of home markets, their factory, 132 North Fourth street, like the name of lineman, having become popular as household words.

WYATT'S STEAM DYEING WORKS.

It is now over forty years since Mr. J. Wyatt first introduced himself in business here, and at the present time he conducts the only steam dyeing business in the city. He is a gentleman possessing an experience of over half a century, and commands alike a capital country and city trade.

MURPHY'S CARRIAGE WORKS.

Mr. John Murphy may certainly be classed among our pioneer tradesmen still in business, as he came here about 1835, and has continued in business among us ever since. As a practical carriage manufacturer he early proved himself an adept; has been in business on Third, Fourth, and latterly Fifth streets, on the latter of which he has been some 17 years—at No. 111. He is a capital tradesman to do business with, expert at his craft, keeps thoroughly replete work shops, and has invariably a good showing of new and second-hand work in stock for patrons to select from.

SWORD'S MARBLE WORKS.

The original business to which Mr. Swords succeeded in 1864 was established about 1843, and though conducted in a Comparatively quiet way has furnished some of the finest work in the country. It is located at 125 South Fourth street, and Mr. S. is a gentleman of exceptional mechanical skill.

HUFF'S CARRIAGE WORKS.

James C. Huff, now deceased, commenced in the above business here, some thirty to thirty-five years ago, first running on his own account, but for the last twelve years in company with his son, Richard, who now continues the business on his own account on Fifth street, near Washington. Richard has every facility for the conduct of new work or repairs ; is a competent mechanic, and somewhat an adept with the brush, though making little pretensions in the way of keeping a heavy stock of manufactured work on hand.

THE OHIO FOUNDRY

Is located on North Fifth street, with a fine store and show rooms on Market street, was established by W. L, Sharp in 1848, and is still prosperously running under the firm style of W. L. Sharp & Son. Their specialties are stoves and grate fronts, enameling and light castings. Their store, is a compliment to the city and their works employ quite a number of hands.

THE JEFFERSON MACHINE SHOPS

Were started in 1848, by William Kenyon, an English mechanic of accredited skill, and are located on Water street. Mr. K. was the inventor of a combined machine for cutting gas pipe and cutting the thread, as also a patent wrench, and other ingenious levices in mechanism. He ran the business up to his death, a few years ago, after which his son continued it until some two years ago, when the works were closed and remain so at present writing.

McDEVITT'S FACTORY AND MACHINE SHOP.

About the year 1850, James L. McDevitt erected a three-story brick building on the upper end of Adam street, known as McDevitt's factory. George Orth carried on the manufacture of woolen goods in the upper stories, while the lower one was occupied by Mr. McDevitt for a machine shop. This building, with all it contained, was destoyed by fire in July, 1856. 'It was a severe stroke for the proprietor, but friends proffered assistance and so soon as possible another building was erected on this site of the one destroyed. At this writing it is the only factory in the city that contains machinery for the manufacture of wool goods. The factory is in the upper portion, while a spacious machine shop, thoroughly equipped with all kinds of tools is in the lower story—all departments in the building being at present in operation.

P. C. & ST. L. CAR SHOPS.

As elsewhere stated, these shops were first established soon after the opening of the " Pan-Handle" railroad and have gradually grown. They are the exclusive property .of the above company and regularly give employment to a very large number of hands. They cover quite a large space of ground near the P. C. & St. L. R. R. depot, are replete with every kind of machinery and turn out all the new work, besides conducting considerable of the repairs for the above road. Mr. Mansfield was formerly the principal in charge, but has recently been superseded by Mr, Ross Kells, master mechanic of the Dennison shops, the two works, under the same company, having been consolidated under the one management.

" ANCHOR" SOAP WORKS,

Is the style given to the prosperous business established in 1855, by Henry Grauton, and which is still in operation on North Third street, corner of Logan street. Mr. G. manufactures all kinds of fancy soaps, and being a thoroughly practical man, who had experience in the business before he arrived here in 1848, his goods have gained for him enviable popularity.

HISTORY OF BELMONT AND JEFFERSON COUNTIES - 497

PEARCE & SON'S FURNITURE FACTORY.

This is the only institution of its kind in Steubenville, and happily an excellent one it is. Mr. George Pearce, who has bad nearly fifty years experience in the business, first opened up trade here in 1855. But, with a most serious loss he was burnt out in 1872. He knew no surrender and lost no time in again securing his old standing by getting the present factory to work. Itis 30x50 feet, three stories, and is kept constantly busy. He subsequently took in his two sons, and they have splendid show rooms on South Seventh street that it is a privilege to inspect. At present;; writing they are extending their ware-rooms to 88x30 feet, three stories, which places them in possession of departments in their business second to few houses in this section of the state.

UNION MARBLE WORKS.

Probably the most extensive marble works in Steubenville is that established in 1856 by Messrs. Muldoon & Co., afterwards conducted by Evans & Irwin ; but since 1868 has been the property of J. H. Bristol., 102 North Fifth street. The stock of manufactured work here usually kept on hand, presents a sight well worth viewing—being equally costly, beautiful and diversified in designs.

JEFFERSON IRON WORKS.

This important enterprise was established by Frazier, Kilgore & Co., in 1856, but purchased by Spaulding, Woodward & Co,, the present owners, in 1859. They may be classed "lion works of the city," as they employ much the largest number of hands and circulate by far the highest aggregate sum of money locally. They run two large blast furnaces, three heating furnaces, coal shaft and an extensive nail manufactory, beside a large number of coke ovens. Their nails have a world-wide reputation, and they keep from 80 to 90 machines constantly at work, which turn out some 3,500 kegs of nails per week. [See foot note in appendix under "Lower Ferry," during trip from Wheeling Junction to Wheeling.]

SCHAFER'S BREWERY.

About 1859 E. H. Schafer saw prudent to also open up a brewery on Third street, though only in a small way. Business increasing in four or five years, he removed to more desirable premises on the east side of Third street, near Washington street, where he conducted the business up to some two years ago; but at present he conducts only a saloon.

WHITE LEAD MANUFACTURE.

The first attempt in this direction was made by Messrs. Means & Scott, in a small building near the present Means foundry, and the works ran for a time successfully. About :1859, however, Foster & Hanna embarked in a similar enterprise at the head of Market street, and run under that firm style about eighteen months. The works were next continued by M. L. Miller & Co. for two years, when Mr. Miller succeeded to the entire interest, and the business prospered for eight years. The latter gentleman used to manufacture from 150 to 200 tons per annum. The premises are, however, now rented to Messrs. Grafton & Hanvey, who are in the patent roofing business, but there is no white lead manufacture carried on here at present. There are, nevertheless, ample inducements for the establish went of such a business here, with abundant prospects of success.

HAYS' VINEGAR WORKS.

Though a resident of Steubenville for the past twenty years, it is not more than six years since Mr. Hays floated his present enterprise—that of producing a fine, pure cider vinegar, for which he has admirable facilities, and could produce from 800 to 1;000 barrels a year. He manufactures exclusively for wholesale, and his vinegar has a wide-spread popularity for its exceeding excellence.

BUTTE'S BEER BREWERY.

In 1858 Mr. J. C. Butte came to Steubenville, and two years later went into the brewing business, erecting a small brewery at the head of Adams street. Here he has produced an excellent sample of lager beer ever since, and beside supplying that beverage in wood, also bottles large quantities. The brewery

63—B. & Cos.

Has a capacity of 8,000 to 10,000 barrels a year, and there is cellarage for so much as 2,500 barrels. Mr. B. also conducts a saloon on North Fourth street, and his beer finds its chief, if not exclusive market at home.

PLANING MILLS.

The oldest planing mill in the city is that owned by Lewis and William Anderson on South Seventh street. It was originally a woolen factory and was first used as a planing mill when controlled by George :McKinney, whom the present proprietors succeeded about 1860. It is a capital mill, with the most approved facilities. John McFeeley &Co. started the next, in 1867, on out lot fifteen, just behind Wells' old factory, where they continued five years and then bought a lot on the corner of Washington and Seventh streets, where they commenced anew. This, however, was turned into a flour mill some eighteen months or two years ago. The third planing mill was built by Benjamin Travis on South Seventh street, in 1868-9, but was ultimately burnt, He, however, soon afterwards built a substantial brick mill, which came into the occupation of one Robert Hyde, who still operates it.

THE " CALIFORNIA " FLOUR AND FEED MILL

Is located on the corner of Seventh and Washington streets, is 30x70 feet, including an engine room containing an engine of some forty horse power. Its proprietor, Mr. John McFeeley, is among Steubenville'̊ most energetic and warmest adherents, and established the enterprise rcferred to with much success. Three runs of excellent 'French stones are kept actively on the run—two on flour and one on feed —the capacity of the mill being forty barrels per day. A Mr. John Hunter is at present conducting the business thereat, with Mr. E. Ralston, master miller.

RANEY, SHEAL & CO.'S FLOUR MILL.

Some ten or twelve years ago this firm embarked in the above enterprise. The building is 40x100 feet, four stories, and appointed with a sixty-horse power engine. Four run of stones are employed and the firm circulate at least $800 monthly in the conduct of their prosperous business.

CLARK & CURFMAN'S CARRIAGE FACTORY.

These gentlemen established their business in 1866, and being excellent practical men, have founded it upon a solid basis. Their works are located in the Market Square and their show rooms never lack a display of finished work at once a compliment alike to themselves and the city.

JEFFERSON KEG FACTORY.

Edward Winning, the present proprietor, came to Steubenville from Martin's Ferry probably eleven or twelve years ago, and in company with a Mr. Smallwood started the enterprise in question on a piece of ground 255x120 feet, near the Jefferson works. They chiefly manufactured kegs for the latter firm and were consequently kept in active work. Mr. Smallwood, however, retired in 1877, and Mr. W. has continued the business, as at present, very successfully. His shop is 100x25 feet, contains fourteen benches, and be employs from fourteen to twenty men on an average. He has also a machine shop, runs a fine seventy-horse power engine, and has a dry kiln 17x32 feet. The amount of work annually here turned out constitutes this one of the most extensive shops of the kind in the state.

ANCHOR OIL WORKS.

This institution was built and started up in 1869, by John Orr and is Ideated just below the Jefferson iron works. Its chief product was carbon oil and it ran on successfully until two or three years ago, when it was discontinued, yet there are promising rumors of its shortly being resumed.

STEUBENVILLE FURNACE AND IRON COMPANY.

This company was organized in 1872, and erected a furnace in the Fifth ward, just above the P. C. & St. L. R. R. bridge. They have produced an average of 14,000 tons of pig iron annually and afforded employment to one hundred hands, paying out so much as $1.100 per week wages. At present writing the works are in full operation.

498 - HISTORY OF BELMONT AND JEFFERSON COUNTIES.

THE BOLT WORKS.

The career of these works has been very checkered in the past. They are the property of Joseph Beatty & Co., and were put in operation about 1873, upon Will's creek. They only ran a few years as a bolt works and were then employed, as at present, in a variety of small iron work.

STEUBENVILLE'S COAL AND MINING INTERESTS.

SIGNIFICANT FACTS FOR MANUFACTURERS—"MOTHER EARTH'S" TREASURES AND HOW THEY ARE EXPLORED WITHIN THE LIMITS AND IMMEDIATE VICINITY OF A PROSPEROUS AND ENTERPRISING CITY—"BLACK DIAMONDS" UNLIMITED—IRON ORE AND LIMESTONE IN ABUNDANCE WITH A MOST DESIRABLE QUALITY OF FIRE CLAY, &C.—FACTS, FIGURES AND OPINIONS FROM THE MOST UNQUESTIONABLE AUTHORITIES.

" There are mines of wealth untold

In a hundred fathoms deep,"

was the expressive burthen of the poet who penned the famous song of " The Sea King," and equally are the words appropriate in describing the mineral wealth of Steubenville. The geological formation of the strata beneath the lowest level surfaces ,(mined by shafts) like those of her surrounding hills (operated by drifts)—may fairly be said to equally yield their operator "his heart's desire," so far as quality, variety and quantity enter into his yearnings for remuneration. Coal was unquestionably discovered here very early in the present century,* for we learn of Bazaleel Wells operating coal works and delivering coal freely as early as in 1810-11, while several farmers on the surrounding hills—including John Parmar and James Odbert, in particular—were the fortunate possessors of drifts as early as 1813-14, and were also profitably employed carting the then newly discovered fuel to town, for household consumption. in 1815 and '16. As a matter of course, it was not slow to find a market, and increased facilities were just as readily ,brought into requisition to meet the growing demand. For many years all the coal reached in the neighborhood was by drifts, or horizontal openings in the hillsides. But time and wisdom eventually running a more even race, we find that in 1857 the experiment of shaft sinking resolved upon. As, indeed, this departure from the old method became imperative, for the increased demand was not only exhausting the few openings then in operation, but rendering them more and more difficult to operate. Hence we find Mr. James Wallace and others, under the name of "The Steubenville Coal and Mining Co'.," sunk a shaft at the head of Market street, and after struggling against considerable impediment, succeeded in striking a vein. But a lack of experience in mining, and want of confidence in the financial success of their enterprise here caused a suspension of operations. Next Messers L. Borland and H. K. Reynolds leased the works and associated with them Mr. W. Averick, and operations were fully resumed. Since 1865, the workings of the mines have been most successful. From a carefully prepared paper by Mr. Jos. B. Doyle, we further learn that a new shaft was sunk at Stony Hollow, about a mile north of the old shaft in 1871, thus affording two outlets to the mine. Some 600 acres of coal lands embracing the 4- foot seam now worked, with a 6 foot one further down, are now the property of the concern, When business is brisk over 7,000 bushels of coal per day are taken from the mines, and with 100 coke ovens capable of producing 3,500 bushels of coke per day, which is shipped to all points, a large trade is done in this direction.

Adjoining the coal field of the Steubenville Coal & Mining Company on the south is that of the Jefferson Iron Works, containing 800 acres. The average thickness of their working vein is about three feet nine inches, and from this in the busy season are raised 5,000 bushels of coal per day, which run their mill and supply the coke ovens turning out 2,500 bushels of coke each twenty-four hours. This shaft has been in operation since 1863, and is 175 feet in depth.

Just south of this is the shaft of the Ohio and Pennsylvania Coal Company, sunk in 1861-62, better known as the Averick

* In this relation since penning the present sketch, we have learned through Mr. John Fisher, one of our oldest living inhabitants, the following information :-"Long before Bazaleel Wells undertook to operate coal, one Felty Smith was digging it in the neighborhood of Rockville and drew or slid it. out of the drift in hollowed-out logs-improvised from the body of trees." We have no reason to question the assertion, which appears to be suthciently plausible, but cannot get the account in detail verified, though several admit re. mem tiering that identical Smith (out of millions by that name) and that he did dig, or grub for coal.

shaft. It is 210 feet in depth and its annual capacity over 600, 000 bushels of coal, a large proportion of which is shipped to Cleveland. They also have 28 coke ovens with all the modern improvements.

The last shaft in this series is that belonging to the Swift iron works of Newport, Ky., originally known as the Boreland shaft. It has been open since 1862, and is 240 feet in depth. Its workable vein is 4 feet in thickness, and it can raise 800,000 bushels of coal yearly. The facilities for shipping by water are unusually good, and nearly all its product is disposed of in thin way. All of the Steubenville pits are so located that they can arrange for loading coal into the barges without the expense of cartage. A number of coke ovens are attached to the Boreland shaft, but have not been in operation for some time, all the coal being shipped in its raw state.

The shaft of the Steubenville Furnace and Iron Company is 96 feet deep, and turns out 2,000 bushels of coal per day, supplying a series of coke ovens for the furnaces, as well as the local market.

About half a mile above this shaft is the Jefferson Iron and Coal Company, 76 feet deep, with a number of coke ovens. The C. & P. R. R. is largely supplied with coal from these mines for their locomotives.

Above this are the Alikanna and Cable shafts, the first already referred to. A considerable quantity of coal is consumed yearly from the banks opened into the Pittsburgh vein, previous to the opening of the shafts, and some of these banks do a good business. This latter coal partakes of the characteristics of the Pittsburgh vein, being remarkably free from impurities, burning away to a fine ash, and much desired for domestic purposes. But the main reliance for manufacturing is now of course on the shaft coal, because of its almost inexhaustible quantity as well as its heat making quality, and concerning it we will give the testimony of rigid analyses and disinterested witnesses.

The vein from which the main supply is drawn is No. 6 of the Ohio Geological survey, and of this vein the report says [Geology, vol. II, p .146] :

" This is probably the most interesting and important of all our coal seams, It attains greater thickness, occupies a wider area, and in different outcrops and phases supplies a larger amount of fuel than any other. It also seems destined to make in the future still more important contributions to the wealth of the State. * * * At Steubenville it is about four feet in thickness, a partially open burning coal of. great excellence. It has been considerably used in the raw state for the manufacture of iron, but it is now more generally coked."

So much as to the virtues of coal No, 6 in general, now as to its comparative value at Steubenville and other points. On page 149 of the volume referred to there are thirteen analyses of coals taken from this vein as it is mined in as many different parts of the State, and the results of these analyses are as follows;