HISTORY OF HOCKING VALLEY - 125


will represent the labor of a man for a year." It has been estimated that 20,000,000 tons of the annual coal product of Great Britain (100,000,000 tons the whole product) is devoted to the development of motive power, and that is equivalent to the labor of 133,000,000 of men.


"These men, in this calculation, are considered as exerting merely brute force, but they all may be regarded as producers only, and not consumers, the profit on the balance of her coal product (80,000,000 tons) fully covering all expenses, we are safe in estimating the contribution made to the wealth of Great Britain, by her annual coal product, as equivalent (equal) to that of 133,000,000 skilled operatives laboring for her enrichment ."—J. S. Newberry, Chief Geologist of Ohio.


Making this calculation the basis of our estimates, we will examine the coal treasured up on 600 square miles of the Hocking Valley. Prof. E. B. Andrews estimates the coal of that district, situated on the waters of Monday Creek and Sunday Creek, to average eight feet thick. On 600 square miles, 640 acres to the square mile, would give 600 x 640 = 384,000 acres. But a vein of coal of eight feet thick yields about 10,000 tons of coal to the acre, or 384,000 x 10,000 = 3,840,000,000 tons. This is thirty-eight and two-fifths times larger than the annual coal product of Great Britain. It would require 133,000,000 men thirty-eight and two-fifths years to produce the same motive power, which would be equal to that of 133,000,000 skilled operatives laboring thirty-eight and two-fifths years for the enrichment of the Hocking Valley. This " Nelsonville " coal vein has its greatest development on Sunday Creek and Monday Creek. Still, more territory is required to make the 600 square miles. Allowing one half of this productive value to exist in its ore veins, the productive value of these two minerals is immense. To these we may add the productive value of the other five and we have an amount truly overwhelming. What a vast amount of labor to utilize the minerals of the Hocking Valley! it would make a Birmingham of every coal valley for centuries. Capitalists begin to see these inevitable results, and are investing their money in these mineral lands. The future, therefore, of the Hocking Valley, as we forecast it, is one of a vast working population, immense labor, and of vast pecuniary resources.


126 - HISTORY OF HOCKING VALLEY.


THE FUTURE POPULATION OF THE HOCKING VALLEY,


based upon its coal, its iron ores and its limestone. We assume, what can be readily established, that Hocking Valley has, within itself, all the materials which are necessary to utilize all of its own mineral products, and, consequently, that the entire labor can be more economically done in the valley than anywhere out of it. That being true, we conclude that work, whether by men or machinery, or by both, will be accomplished in the valley. How much work, then, must be done in the Hocking Valley, to utilize its entire mineral deposits, including its petroleum, salt, fire-clay, freestone, limestone, iron ores and stone-coal? We shall base our calculations on the products of three minerals—limestone, iron ore and coal, limestone being necessary as a flux.


If all the coal and limestone (according to the views of a distinguished iron master) will be wanted to reduce the iron ores deposited in that valley where are the heaviest seams of coal and limestone (Sunday Creek Valley), it is safe to say that this will be true of the entire Hocking Valley.

What a vast amount of labor will be required to mine and utilize these three minerals? But the miners and those engaged in placing minerals where they are to be used do not constitute over one fifth of the population.


We know of one district in the Hocking Valley which is about ten miles square, where it would require 2,500 persons, including miners, their families, and necessary help, to mine and remove and utilize each square mile of the minerals in 100 years. Such a population would make a city of the hundred square miles.


We do not propose the above-named districts as a sample for the entire valley, for there are districts in the valley much larger than the one named that are without coal, yet the coal measures of the valley form so much of its surface that we are justified in saying it will have a population far beyond any other district of equal size in the State.


Its Institutions.—There can be no special reasons why its institutions should not occupy a position equally advanced. Mining communities, it is true, have not been celebrated for their love of science or for their elevated morals. We are considering what might be, not what is, or has been. Miners have been degraded in the old, aristocratic countries. Having no means to rise in society, they have formed habits corresponding to their de-


HISTORY OF HOCKING VALLEY - 127


graded position. Coming to a land of freedom, they, having brought their habits with them, have often become still more debased, giving a bad reputation to the entire business. This state of morals will pass away as the rising generation becomes educated and moral. If miners had no idle hours, there would soon be no drinking, and mining communities would soon occupy an elevated position in society. Hasten that happy day.


CHAPTER V.


STATISTICS OF THE HOCKING VALLEY, BESIDES RAILROAD

AND CANALS, SENATORS AND REPRESENTATIVES.


LANDS AND VALUATION--COUNTY BUILDINGS AND VALUATION—MILES OF RAILWAY--AREA OF VALLEY—POPULATION AND WHEAT GROW. ING—CITIES AND VILLAGES, AND POPULATION—BOUNDARY OF THE MINERAL FIELD— COAL PRODUCTION—HOCKING VALLEY—STATE SENATORS OF THE HOCKING VALLEY AND REPRESENTATIVES—FR ORGANIZATION TO DATE—RAILROAD HISTORY—MARIETTA & CINCINNATI—COLUMBUS, HOCKING VALLEY & TOLEDO-OHIO CENTRAL—RIVER DIVISION OF THE C., H. V. & T.—THANKS To CHAS. M. WALKER—MEDICAL SOCIETY.


Condition of lands in the Hocking Valley by counties in 1880:


-Row 1, Cell 1-

 

Cultivated,

No. of acres

Pasture,

No. of acres

Wood,

No. acres.

Lying waste,

No. acres

Total

No. acres

Athens

Hocking

Vinton

50,801

46,119

39,759

109,308

82,573

68,531

62,291

58,896

53,214

4,473

22,509

17,464

236,670

210,097

182,48


Total value of lands and buildings in the Hocking Valley, as returned by the State Boards of Equalization in the years

1846, 1853, 1859, 1870 and 1880:



 

1846.

1853.

1859

1870

1880.

Athens

Hocking

Vinton

$1,454,592

910,188

Not for’d

$2,293,952 1,707 923 1,484,842

$2,813,426 1,992,413

1,801,030

$4,308.282

3,125,017

2,235,663

$4,380,958

3,152,475

2,175,563


Total number and value of county buildings existing in the Hocking Valley in 1880:







Athens

Hocking

Vinton

No.

Value

4

3

4

$63,000

60,000

30,000



Mileage of railway in the Hocking Valley in 1880, by counties:




Athens

Hocking

Vomtpm

1880

90.79

61 59

72.32





   

- (128) -


HISTORY OF HOCKING VALLEY - 129


AREA OF THE HOCKING VALLEY.


Athens County, 430 square miles ; Hocking County, 470 square miles ; Vinton County, 400 square miles.


The area of the State is 40,760 square miles. The population of the State, 3,198,062, being the third State in the Union in that regard.


RELATIVE POSITION.


The relative position of the three counties in their assessed wealth as passed upon by the Board of Equalization in 1881, was: Athens County, $5,267,770 ; Hocking County, $3,661,695 ; Vinton, $2, 436,106.


Table showing population of HOCKING VALLEY from 1810 to 18S0 by counties.



 

1810

1820

1830

1840

1850

1860

1870

1880

Athens

Hocking

Vinton

2,791

3,338

2,130

9,787

4,008

19,109

9,741

18,215

14,119

9,353

21,364

17,057

13,631

28.768

17,925

15,027

28,411

21,126

17,223


Amount of wheat sown in the HOCKING VALLEY and average grown per acre by counties:


NOT SHOWN


Cities, towns and villages in the HOCKING VALLEY by counties. Population of 1880.


ATHENS COUNTY

HOCKING COUNTY

VINTON COUNTY

Nelsonville

Athens

Albany

Coolville

Amesville

Buchtel

Chauncey

Doanville

Floodwood

Hebbardville

Hockingport

Marshfield

Mineral City

Pleasanton

Trimble

Millfield

3,095

2,457

469

323

159

417

185

136

159

92

191

191

100

107

121

105

Logan

Bloomingville

Ewing

Falls Gore

Gibesonville

Ilesborough

Laurelville

Mount Pleasant

New Cadiz

South Perry

2,666

165

63

445

721

58

165

76

63

182

Hamden

McArthur

Wilkesville

Dundas

New Mt. Pleasant

520

900

309

64

44



- 9 -


130 - HISTORY OF HOCKING VALLEY.


BOUNDARIES OF THE COAL FIELD.


The coal basin in Ohio is bounded on the west by a continuous but irregular line running from the Ohio River in Scioto County, to the Pennsylvania line near Sharon, within a line running from that place to Ravenna, Akron, Wooster, Dover, Brownsville, Logan and flanging Rock. The general course is southwesterly from the northern boundary of Mahoning County to the interior of Licking County, with the exception of two well-defined narrow spurs extending into Geauga and Medina counties. From the southern part of Licking County it passes near the line between Fairfield and Perry counties, with a deep indentation at the Hocking River Valley, extending to the west line of Athens County ; thence westward and southwest to include the southeast part of Hocking County, three fourths of Vinton, nearly all of Jackson, and the eastern part of Scioto County.


IRON SMELTING COALS.


Below is the analysis of the best iron-making coals in the State, taken from the records of the State Chemist, Prof. Wormley:


HISTORY OF HOCKING VALLEY - 131


HOCKING CANAL.


This was the first public improvement which opened up the retirees of the Hocking Valley. The short lateral canal, or, as it then called, the Side Cut," proved of so mach value that the lard of Public Works concluded to purchase it for the State and tend it down the Hocking Valley. This information gave intense joy to the people, and in March, 183S, the news was corroborated by an Act passed by the Legislature, authorizing the hen Canal Commissioners to purchase the " Side Cut." This was effected Dec. 22, 1838, and the canal purchased for the sum of $61,241.04. The Hocking Valley Canal, which had been projected n 1836, and a portion put under contract, being some sixteen and one-half miles from Lancaster to Bowner's lock in July, 1837, was low rapidly pushed forward, and the work completed as per contract in 1839. A further contract was also let the same year, October, 1837, to build from Bowner's lock to Nelsonville, a further distance of sixteen and one-half miles, the same to be completed within two years. This last, however, was not finished until 1840. In September of this latter year it was opened for business, and the first canal boat, loaded with coal, came out of the Hocking, and the canal was a veritable fact. The boat and its load was a great curiosity to the people along the line and in the upper valley of the Hocking. There were but few of them at that time who knew much about stone coal. Early in 1841 the canal had reached Monday Creek, and later in the same year to Athens. Boats then commenced running the entire length of the canal, from Carroll to Athens, some sixty miles. The canal has thirty-one locks, eight dams, thirty-four culverts, and one aqueduct, with a span of eighty feet.


The total cost of construction was $947,670.25.


At this time the canal from Nelsonville to Athens had been abandoned.


STATE SENATORS FROM THE HOCKING VALLEY.


ATHENS COUNTY.


Washington, Gallia, Muskingum and Athens Counties-1805-'6, Joseph Buell and Hallem Hempsted; 1806-'7, Hallem Hempsted and Leonard Jewett; 1807-'3, Leonard Jewett and John Sharp. Washington and Athens Counties-1808-'9, John Sharp; 1809-'11, Leonard Jewett; 1811-'14, Wm. Woodbridge; 1814-'15,


32 - HISTORY OF HOCKING VALLEY.


Wm. Woodbridge (resigned, Wm. R. Putnam, successor); 1815'17, John Sharp; 1817-'21, Sardina Stone. Washington, Morgan and Athens Counties-1821-'23, Sardina Stone; 1823-'24, Ephraim. Cutler. Washington and Athens-1824-'25, Ephraim Cutler; 1825-'27, Ebenezer Currier; 1827-'28 Wm. R. Putnam. Washington, Athens and Hocking 1828-'29; Wm. R. Putnam; 1829-'31, Calvary Morris; 1831-'33, Arius Nye. Washington, Gallia, Meigs, Hocking and Athens-1833-'35, Calvary Morris; 1835-'36, Andrew Donnally. Meigs, Gallia, Lawrence and Athens-1836-'37, Andrew Donnally; 1837-'39, James Rogers; 1839-'41, Simeon Nash. Meigs and Athens-1841-'45, Abraham Van Vorhes; 1845-'47, John Welch; 1847-'49, Horace S. Horton. Jackson, Gallia, Meigs and Athens-1849-'51, Horace S. Horton.


NEW CONSTITUTION.


Hocking, Fairfield and Athens, 9th District-1852-'56, Lot L. Smith; 1856-'58, John T.Brazee; 1858-'62, Newton Schleich; 1862-'64, Alfred McVeigh; 1864-'66, John M. Connell ; 1866-'70, Win. R. Golden; 1870-'74, Michael A. Dougherty; 1874-'78, Robert E. Reese; 1878-'82, B. W. Carlisle.


HOCKING COUNTY.


Pickaway and Hocking Counties-1821-'23, John Barr; 1823-'25, David Shelby; 1825-'27, John Barr; 1827-'28, Joseph Olds: 1828-'36, In Athens District. Fairfield and Hocking-1836-'40, Samuel Spangler. Jackson, Pike, Ross and Hocking-1840-'41, John Hough; 1841-'43, Allan Latham; 1843-'45, John Crouse, Jr. Ross and Hocking-1845-'47, John Maderra; 1847-'49, Wesley Claypool. Fairfield, Perry and Hocking-1849-'50, Henry C. Whitman; 1850-'51, Andrew Faust.


NEW CONSTITUTION.


1852 to 1883, in Ninth District, composed of Athens, Fairfield and Hocking counties; names will be found in Athens list.


VINTON COUNTY.


Lawrence, Gallia, Meigs and Vinton Counties, Eighth District-1852-'54, Alonzo Cushing; 1851-'56, Lewis Anderson; 1856-'58, Chauncey G. Hawley; 1858-'60, Patrick Murdock; 1860-'62, T.


HISTORY OF HOCKING VALLEY - 133


Stanley; 1862-'66, Henry S. Neil; 1866-'68, Joseph Bradbury; 1868-'70, Homer C. Jones; 1870-'72, H. C. Jones and T. C. ch; 1872-'74, Win. Nash; 1874-'78, J. R. Filson; 1878-'80, sey Kelly; 1880-'82, L. Kelly and W. C. Cline.


REPRESENTATIVES IN STATE LEGISLATURE FROM THE HOCKING VALLEY.

ATHENS COUNTY.


Athens, Washington, Gallia and Muskingum Counties- 1805-'6, Elijah Hatch; 1806-'7, Lewis Cass, Levi Barber and Wm. Puthoff; 1807-'8, John P. Bureau, James Palmer and John

Matthews. Athens and Washington Counties-1808-'9, William Woodbridge and Leonard Jewett; 1809-'10, Wm. R Putnam and eon Pool; 1810-'11, Win. R. Putnam and Samuel P. Hildreth; 1811-'12, Samuel P. Hildreth and Jehiel Gregory; 1812-'13, ,liel Gregory and Sardina Stone; 1813-'14, Sardina Stone and jah Hatch; 1814-'15. Jehiel Gregory and John Sharp; 1815-'16,

Henry Jolly and Robert Linzie; 1816-'17, Sardina Stone and Robert Linzie; 1817-'18, Nathaniel Hamilton and Sylvanus Ames; 1818-'19, Sylvanus Ames and Joseph Barker; 1819-'20, Ephraim

Cutler and Elijah Hatch. Athens County-1820-'23, Elijah Hatch; 1823-'24, Ezra Hull; 1824-'25, Edmund Dorr; 1825-'27, Robert Line; 1827-'28, Calvary Morris. Athens and Hocking Counties-1828-'29, Calvary Morris; 1829-'30, John Gilmore; 1830-'31, Andrew Crockett; 1831-'33, Ebenezer Currier; 1833-'34, Isaac Lottridge and Andrew Crockett; 1834-'35, Elijah Hatch; 1835-'36, Calvary Morris. Athens and Meigs Counties-1836-'38, David Jones; 1838-'40, Andrew Donnally; 1840-'41, A. Van Vorhes; 1841-'42, J. B. Ackley and Stephen Titus; 1842-'43, J. B. Ackley; 1843-'45, Columbia Downing; 1845-'46, Thomas Irwin; 1846-'47, Horace S. Horton; 1847-'48, Robert G. McLean; 1848-'50, Joseph K. Will, 1850-'52, N. H. Van Vorhes.


NEW CONSTITUTION.


Athens County-1852-'54, N. H. Van Vorhes; 1854-'56, Sam-el B. Pruden; 1856-'60, N. H. Van Vorhes; 1860-'62, A. B. i onahan ; 1862-'64, J. W. Bayard ; 1864-'70, Wm. P. Johnson; 470-'74, N. H. Van Vorhes ; 1874-'78, C. H. Grosvenor ; 1878-'80, harles Townsend ; 1880-'82, Charles Townsend, elected Secretary of State, C. L. Kurtz, successor; 1882-'84, C. L. Kurtz.


134 - HISTORY OF HOCKING VALLEY.


HOCKING COUNTY.


Hocking and Pickaway Counties-1820-'21, John Barr, Satnnel Lybrand; 1821-'22, Caleb Atwater, Valentine Keifer; 1822-'24, Samuel Lybrand, Valentine Keifer; 1824-'26, Joseph Olds, Jacob Lindsey; 1826-'27, Jacob Lindsey and Guy W. Doan; 1827-'28, Francis S. Muhlenburg, Valentine Keifer. Hocking and Athens -1828-'29, Calvary Morris; 1829-'30, John Gilmour; 1830-'31, Andrew Crockett; 1831-'33, Ebenezer Currier; 1833-'34, Isaac B. Lottridge, Andrew Crockett; 1834-'35, Elijah Hatch; 1835-'36, Calvary Morris. Hocking and Fairfield Counties-1836-'38, Wm. Medill, John Graybill; 1838-'39, John Brough; 1839-'40, Lewis Hite, James Spencer. Hocking, Ross, Pike, and Jackson Counties--1840-'41, James T. Worthington, John Stinson, *Jos. Kayler; 1841-'42, Le Grand Byington, John James, Daniel Kooshner; 1842-'43, Le Grand Byington, Elihu Johnson, Wm. Nelson; 1843'44 Wesley Claypool, Joseph Kayler, A. R. Cassidy. Hocking and Ross Counties-1844-'45, Joseph Kayler; 1845-'46, James Gibson; 1846-'47, Joseph Kayler; 1847-'48, J. A. Green. Hocking, Perry, and Fairfield Counties-1848-'49, Isaac Lorimer; 1849-'50, N. P. Colburn. Hocking and Perry Counties-1850-'51, C. W. James.


NEW CONSTITUTION.


Hocking County-1852,-'54, C. W. James; 1854-'56, Reuben Hesten ; 1856-'60, George Johnson; 1860-64, Manning Stiers; 1864-'68, Wm. S. Dresbach; 186S-'72, Wm. T. Acker; 1872-'76, Oakley Case; 1876-'78, W. M. Bowen; 1878-'82, S. S. Wolf; 1882-'84, Wm. A. Wright.


VINTON COUNTY. NEW CONSTITUTION.


Vinton and Jackson Counties-1852-'54, D. T. D. Hurd; 1854-'56, Wm. J. Evans; 1856-'58, Ed. F. Bingham; 185826,-, Robert B. Stephenson, resigned, succeeded by Win. L. Edmundson; 1860-'62, Alex. Pierce; 1862-'64, John Fee; 1864-'66, E. A. Bratton; 1866-'70, Andrew J. Swaim; 1870-'72, Almond Soule; 1872-'76, Thos. M. Bay ; 1876-'80, A. J. Swaim; 1880-'82, Columbus P. Wood.


HISTORY OF HOCKING VALLEY - 135


HOCKING VALLEY RAILROADS.


MARIETTA CINCINNATI.


The project of building a railroad westward through Southern Ohio to Cincinnati was first discussed about 1840, and finally took shape in the organization, in 1844, of the Belpre & Cincinnati Railroad Company. It was designed to build the road from Cincinnati to Belpre, opposite Parkersburg, Va. (now West Virginia). The company, organized without funds, proceeded to raise the necessary means for prosecuting the work by soliciting subscriptions to its stock from the localities through which the road was to pass, $100,000 being, asked of Athens County. The State Legislature, by an act passed March 20, 1851, authorized the Athens County Commissioners to subscribe $100,000 of stock, provided the necessary majority of the legal voters gave their consent. A special election was .held August 26 of the same year, resulting favorably to the subscription, and on the 30th day of August the County Commissioners (John Elliott, James Dickey and Zibo Lindley) subscribed for 2,000 shares of $50 each, in the Marietta & Cincinnati Railroad Company. Some years afterward, when the railroad company and the citizens of Athens County were not on the best of terms, an attempt was made to test the legality of the subscription. Some thought the commissioners had transcended their powers in subscribing to the Marietta & Cincinnati, when the people had voted to sub-. scribe to the Belpre & Cincinnati. The question was agitated for some time through the county, meetings being held in several of the townships. All the prominent lawyers were ranged on one side or the other. The county commissioners at one time refused to levy the tax to pay time interest on the bonds, but after some months of discussion they replaced the tax on the duplicate.


ARRIVAL OF THE IRON HORSE.


The company soon began the construction of the road, which was continued in the face of all obstacles until it was completed to Athens in the spring of 1856. There was general rejoicing, not only in the city of Athens, but in the country round about, for they now had communication with the outside world, and a trip to Cincinnati was but a few hours' ride instead of as many days. Tuesday, the 29th day of April, 1851;, witnessed the arrival in


136 - HISTORY OF HOCKING VALLEY.


Athens of the first railway passenger train over the road, or which had ever reached the city. The citizens turned out en masse to give it a welcome with three hearty cheers. Congratulatory speeches were made by several distinguished persons, and the arrival of the "Iron Horse" proved a gala day for the city of Athens.



HOSTILITIES COMMENCED.


Daily passenger trains were at once run between Athens and connecting at the latter point with trains for Cincinnati. James D. Foster was appointed ticket and freight agent at Athens. Not long after, the road was completed to Marietta. Through bad Management, however, the road lost money from the start. It was unfortunate in many things, and the people of Athens and vicinity lost confidence in it. This gradually developed into a decided hostility on the part of many of our prominent citizens, which culminated in tearing up their track, Jan. 1, 1S58. It seems that in 1856 the company decided to abandon, temporarily, the tunnel through the hill above Athens, and obtained a lease from some of the citizens for the ground on which to lay a track south of the-village, making a kind of circumbendibus, as the people said, and again getting upon the old line below town. The lease for this tract expired Dec. 31, 1857, and some days prior to that time the owners of the land gave notice to Mr. Wilson, in writing, to comply with the terms of the lease by vacating the land. This the company failed to do, and on New Year's day, 1858, a number of citizens repaired to the track in question and proceeded to remove some of the rails and ties.


This course was condemned in severe terms by many, particularly by the friends of the road. The Marietta and Chillicothe papers were especially bitter, accusing the Athenians of being blind to their own interests, of being influenced by malicious motives, and even of having committed an offense against the laws of the State. It was, perhaps, a question as to whether the action was politic, or was the best mode of dealing with the company, which of course became only exasperated, and imbued with a decided hostile spirit toward the citizens. The company had never paid any rent for the use of the land; the lease was to expire Jan. 1st, and the company was duly notified in writing several days in advance, by the owners of the land, to remove the track. The company taking no action whatever in the matter, it was clearly the


HISTORY OF HOCKING VALLEY - 137


right of the citizens to take quiet possession of their property, and to remove as many of the rails as they pleased.


Soon after this Mrs. Curtis, over whose land the railroad passed, had a portion of the tract removed. The company, however, procured the condemnation of the land by a jury appointed by the Probafe Court, and were thus enabled to re-lay their track, and once more run regular trains through to Marietta. The company claimed that in their embarrassed financial circumstances it was impossible for them to complete the expensive tunnel above the town, and that if time was given them they would " make all things right;" but that they would not be enabled to do this if crippled by such opposition as that manifested by the people. The citizens claimed, on the other band, that they had recognized the straitened condition of the company's resources, and had leased them this temporary right of way merely as an accommodation, it being clearly to their interest to have the road follow the line originally designed; but that the company had neither paid any rent, according to agreement, nor showed any disposition to regard the rights of the owners of the land.


The hostile feeling toward the railroad company was doubtless partly due to the latter's abandoning the original plan of building the road down the Hocking Valley to Belpre, where it could connect with the Northwestern Virginia Road, terminating at Parkersburg, on the other side of the Ohio River. Influenced by the offer of subscriptions from Marietta, Wheeling and Pittsburg to the amount of $1,500,000, time management had turned the road northward toward Marietta instead of toward Belpre, and thus had totally disregarded the interests of the Hocking Valley. The excitement consequent upon the tearing up of the track was of short duration, and after its subsidence Athens and the railroad resumed gradually their former friendly relations.


The original blunder of building the road across the hills to Marietta was rectified at last, after twenty years. The old line had four tunnels between Athens and Marietta, one 1,660 feet long, another 1,400 feet, and two others 300 feet each. Besides, it had a number of high, long and expensive trestles, that made the cost of maintaining the road a constant drain. "Worse than all, it had sharp curvatures and heavy grades that made its operations slow and expensive.

In February, 1871, the Baltimore Shortline Company was formed, for the purpose of constructing the short line to Parkers-


138 - HISTORY OF HOCKING VALLEY.


burg. It was composed of parties interested in the B.& 0. and the M. & C. roads. The contracts were let in AuguSt, 1872, and the last rail was laid Oct. 2-1,1574. The line, as built, leaves the old line at Warren's, seven miles east of Athens, and follows the Hocking River for a, distance of seven miles, to the valley of Skunk Run, passing through Canaanville, Guysville and within two miles of Coolville. From Skunk Run the road takes an easterly direction, up the valley of that stream, to the summit at Torch; thence striking the valley of Knowles's Run it follows in an easterly and northeasterly direction, coming to the valley of the Ohio River at the mouth of LitOhio Riverg; thence along the OhioLRiver it passes to Belpre, where it joins the old line.

Athens County has spent considerable money for this railroad, but it has been a good investment. The county took $200,000 of capital stock, but the company pays annually many thousands of dollars to the county as taxes, and the valuation of property in the county has increased by $6,000,000, much of which increase is due to the presence of the road.


COLUMBUS, HOCKING VALLEY & TOLEDO.


The Hocking Valley, as a field for railroad enterprise, early attracted the attention of capitalists and public men, and many projects were started in an early day for building a Hocking Valley railroad to connect with that pioneer of railroads, the Baltimore & Ohio. The State Legislature passed an act as early as March, 1834, authorizing the construction of a railroad from Lancaster to a point on the Ohio River, opposite Parkersburg. Section second of the bill was as follows: "Tile capital stock of the Hocking Valley Railroad Company shall be $1,000,000, and shall be divided into shares of $50 each. These shares may be subscribed for by any corporation or individuals; and it shall and may be lawful for said corporation to commence the construction of the said railroad, and enjoy all the powers and privileges conferred by this act, as soon as $50,000 shall be subscribed to said stock." The idea of building the Flocking Valley Canal soon after supplanted this project of building a railroad, and nothing was done under the act.


NEW PROJECT.


It was not until 1854, some twenty years after the above charter was granted, that active steps were again taken to secure a railroad through the valley of the Hocking. It again fell through, and


HISTORY OF HOCKING VALLEY - 139


active work did not commence until 1856. The former chief engineer of the B. & 0. Railroad, B. H. Latrobe, Esq., had examined the route, and was so favorably impressed that he urged the

formation of a company and the building of the road. His advice was taken, and a company formed for the prosecution of the enterprise, which was prosecuted with vigor, though active and open opposition was made against it by the Marietta & Cincinnati Railroad Company. The city of Marietta, opposed and personally, undertook to secure legislative action to prevent its construction. This action of its enemies aroused the people of the Hocking Valley, and although the obnoxious legislation passed, it in no way altered the determination of the people of the valley to secure the prosecution of their cherished plans. However, if they could not secure a road to Parkersburg, they could build down the valley, as far as Athens, and let time and circumstances control the extension of the work. Meetings were held, and every effort made to carry forward the work. At the next session of the Legislature, in 1858, the obnoxious act above spoken of as having passed was repealed, and the way for active operation again opened. But the financial crash of 1857 was still severely felt the following year, and although opposition had ceased, the monetary situation prevented further progress. The war then came on, and it was not until the year 1865 that the project was again resurrected. In that year the Mineral Railroad Company was organized, its incorporators being: W. P. Cutler, E. D. Moore, M. M. Green, John Mills and Douglas Putnam. Every effort was made to start the enterprise by arousing the people and showing them the value of the work. The result was, meetings were held along the line, from Columbus to Athens, in the winter and spring of 1866. It was necessary to raise $750,000, and this sum was divided along the route as'follows: Columbus, $400,000; Groveport and. Winchester, $50,000; Lancaster, $75,000; Logan, $75,000; Athens, $100,000. Athens raised $120,000, and Columbus, $480,000, making, $800,000, which was enough to secure the success of the enterprise, and the people to rejoice. The name of the company was afterward changed, to the Columbus & Hocking Valley Railroad Company. In the spring of 1867, the entire line of seventy-six miles from Columbus to Athens was let to contract. the contractors, Dodge, Wood & Co., receiving for their work $800,000 cash, and the company's bonds for $850,000, or about $21,715, per mile. The ground was broken at Columbus, July, 1867, and on Nov. 7, 1868, twenty-five miles of


140 - HISTORY OF HOCKING VALLEY.


the road was completed to Lancaster, and the first train of cars arrived at that town at that date, amid the rejoicings of the people. The road reached Nelsonville, June 30, ISO:), and Athens in the summer of 1870.


The road is well equipped, and has been a prosperous one front the start. Three passenger trains run each way daily, and thus by affording prompt means of transportation to the coal fields of the Hocking Valley the road has been of untold benefit to both consumers and producers, as well as the welfare of its own excheq. uer. The Straitaville branch of the Hocking Valley Railroad was constructed at the same time with the main line, which it leaves at Logan; thence running in a circuitous course through the coal beds east of Logan, it returns to the main line at Nelsonville.


The Columbus & Hocking Valley, Columbus & Toledo and Ohio & West Virginia railroads, were consolidated in the summer of 1881, under the present name, Columbus, Hocking Valley & Toledo Railroad. The capital stock of this company was fixed at $20,000,000, divided into shares of $100 each. At the rate paid for the three roads by the syndicate which effected the consolidation, the Hocking Valley stock cost them $4,000,000; Toledo, $1,250,000, and the Ohio & West Virginia, $600,000. The bonded indebtedness of the Toledo road was $2,600,000; Hocking Valley, $2,400,000; Ohio & West Virginia, $1,600,000, a total of $6,600,000, and a total for both bonds and stock of $12,:. 50,000. The new company issued $15,000,000 of bonds, which, with the stock, makes $35,000,000.


OHIO CENTRAL.


The Ohio Central Railroad is a new one, having beets built through Athens County within the past two years. It has received no ad from the county and but little from the citizens. It passes through Trimble, Millfield, Jacksonville, Chauncey. Athens, Hebbardsville and Albany, in this county. The road extends from Toledo to Middleport, Ohio, and is being rapidly pushed through Virginia. The line has already proved a valuable auxiliary to the transportation facilities of the valley, and when completed to its terminus on the Ohio and beyond will he still more so. So far as Athens County is concerned its railroad transportation may be said to be completed. Perhaps in the future some few miles of local road may be added, but the prospects are not flattering.


HISTORY OF HOCKING VALLEY - 141


HOCKING COUNTY RAILROADS.


It was as early as 1851 when the railroad fever first showed its symptoms in Hocking and culminated into a violent attack the following year. What caused this first outburst of railroad progression was called the


SCIOTO & HOCKING VALLEY RAILROAD.


On Sept. 2, 1852, the largest railroad meeting ever held in the Hocking Valley came off at Logan. A grand barbecue was given, and the air fairly shook with railroad eloquence. It was a memorable day in the history of Hocking County. The line of route was from Portsmouth, on the Ohio River, running to Jackson, in Jackson County, through McArthurstown, in Vinton County, Logan in Hocking, to Somerset in Perry County,thence to Newark, Licking Co., Ohio, as its terminus. It was computed that 5,000 people were in attendance that day, coming from Jackson, on the south, to Newark, on the north. Perry County turned out the banner delegation, being over a half mile long, accompanied by a band of music. The people of Logan and surrounding country were awakened at sunrise by a Federal salute. Up to that time it was the largest railroad meeting ever held in the State, and few since have exceeded it. It was decided that Perry County should raise E;150,006, Hocking County $80,000, and Vinton County $50,000. The road was completed to the town of Jackson in 1853 and the grading completed to Somerset, in Perry County, with the exception of a tunnel at Maxwell and a heavy cut at Union Furnace. Then there was a collapse; the road bed and right of way having been mortgaged, the same was foreclosed and the whole forfeited to the land owners. The most of the stock was held by persons living along the line of the contemplated road. This ended that project and a calm settled over the valley.


THE NEXT MOVE.


A decade had passed, and the white-winged angel of peace, which had soared aloft, again settled upon our distressed country, when another railroad project was being whispered in the ears of the people of Hocking County. This time the connection spoken of was a line to Parkersburg on the Ohio River, to Columbus and Athens, instead of McArthur, the route from Logan. The route is here described, taken from a Northwestern Ohio paper, the Lima Gazette. It said :—


142 - HISTORY OF HOCKING VALLEY.


"A project for a new railroad that may ultimately be of immense benefit to the people of Lima, Allen County, is now being discussed. It is now, and has been for a year past, proposed (and the route has been surveyed) to construct a road from Columbus, southeast, through Lancaster, Logan and Athens, to Parkersburg, on the Ohio. This the Columbus people and those along the line dream of immense importance, because it opens up the extensive coal and iron deposits of Southeastern Ohio, which are now comparatively cut off, and affords a short cut connecting with the Baltimore & Ohio Road, at Parkersburg. This road will be built, and there necessarily form other combinations in connection with that, of which we propose to speak ."


Just what other combinations it had in view, or whether it spoke about them, is immaterial to this history. The route above described is now known as the Columbus, Hocking Valley & Toledo Railroad, which, in this year, 1883, and a few previous ones show a larger net profit per mile than any other road in the State.


The first public meeting to consider the project was on Feb.16, 1866, and it was reported a success; and the right of way through Hocking and Athens counties was a free gift to the company with but few exceptions. Matters went along, all in good shape, during the summer, and on Dec. 19, 1866, $754,000 had been subscribed and the following Board of Directors elected: Peter Hayden, B. E. Smith, William G. Dishier, W. B. Brooks, William Dennison, Isaac Eberly, George M. Parsons and Theo. Comstock, of Columbus ; D. Tallmadge, of Fairfield County ; J. C. Garrett, of Hocking County ; E. H. Moore and M. M. Greene, of Athens County; and W. P. Cutler, of Washington County.


It was at that time known as the Hocking Valley Mineral Railroad. Logan's contribution was $75, 000, and the road was completed through Hocking County to the Athens County line, June 29, 1869, reaching Nelsonville, as previously stated, June 30 of that year. As this was the first railroad to reach Hocking County it was welcomed with loud rejoicing.


OHIO & WEST VIRGINIA RAILROAD.


This was the new name for the "old love," the Scioto & Hocking Valley Railroad, of 1852, with the exception of its terminal point, which was changed from Portsmouth to Gallipolis; the route from Logan through Hocking and Vinton counties was the same.


HISTORY OF HOCKING VALLEY - 143


Work was commenced on this road in the spring of 1879, and the new company followed the old line and grade as far south as Dundas, where it crosses the M. &. C. R. R., and then turns from the direction of Portsmouth toward Gallipolis. It was finished the following year so that trains ran from Logan to the Ohio River in December, 1880. The principal owners were residents of Columba:, but they had bonded the road, and Eastern persons held the bonds. The contractors ran the road a short time, then Mr. M. M. Green, of the Hocking Valley Road, was elected its President, which meant that the latter road was in control. This proved true, the road being sold to the Cleveland Syndicate in September, 1S81, and re-organized under the name of the River Division of the C., H. V. & T. R. R. By securing this road the Columbus, Hocking Valley & Toledo Railroad secured a line to the Ohio River, their main line terminating at Athens. The road runs through a very rich and inexhaustible mineral region for many miles, which is to a great extent yet undeveloped. It has already a heavy freighting business from the Vinton County ore shipped to the iron furnaces of the Hocking Valley, but this, while considerable, is not a tithe of what the future promises, when the production of coal and iron shall receive, from capital that assistance which is required to uncover its hidden wealth and bring it forth for the use of man. Two passenger trains each way run daily.


STRAITSVILLE BRANCH


of the C., H. V. & T. R. R. leaves the main line at Logan, and has some fourteen miles of its length within the limits of Hocking ounty, but in a circuitous course reaching again the main line at Nelsonville. It touches some of the largest mining country in the valley, and freighting is its principal business.


VINTON COUNTY RAILROADS.


Vinton County has the benefit of a north and south railroad running almost through the center of the county, rather east, perhaps, passing through three townships. This is the River Division of the C., H. V. & T. Railroad, referred to in the previous pages, commencing at Logan and running to the Ohio River at Gallipolis. It has also a portion of the Marietta & Cincinnati Railroad, which enters the county at the southwest corner of Clinton Township, and, running a general northeasterly course for some twenty miles,


144 - HISTORY OF HOCKING VALLEY.


passes into Athens County. This gives its central and eastern portion good transportation facilities, the western portion of the county of which the western portion is still void.


The River Division Road was opened for business at McArthur, Aug. 17, 1880, and an account of its freight and passenger traffic at that print will be found in the history of McArthur.


WALKER'S HISTORY OF ATHENS COUNTY.


Charles M. Walker, the oldest son of A. B. Walker, is now editor-in-chief of the Indianapolis Times. He was prepared for the legal profession and admitted to the bar, but did not incline to make that his life pursuit. He is somewhat of a politician, and under Lincoln's administration was appointed by Secretary Chase Fifth Auditor of the Treasury, a position which he held for two years. He then entered upon the work of journalism which he has followed since. He was for a number of years connected with the Indianapolis Journal. While at Washington he conceived the idea of compiling a history of his native county, and he corresponded with some of the principal citizens concerning the matter. Receiving much encouragement, he proceeded with the work, intending at first to make a book of about 200 pages. The scope of the history enlarged as, he progressed, and when completed the History of Athens County appeared as a work of 600 pages. It was well printed and neatly bound. While a few have criticized some features of Walker's History, it is generally conceded to be a well-written and valuable work. A considerable amount of valuable information in this work has been taken from Walker's History by permission, for which our sincere thanks are hereby tendered.


MEDICAL SOCIETY OF THE VALLEY.


This society was organized April 28, 1866, at the court-house in the city of Athens. The following physicians were present:


Drs. A. H. Burrell and A. A. Shepard, of Nelsonville; James Moore, of New England; Hiram G. Witham, of Shade; E. B. Pickett, of Marshfield, James Howe, I. B. Harper, W. P. Johnson, and C. L. Wilson, of Athens; Win. S. Bell, of Amesville; John Earhart, of Lee, and W. W. Feirce, of Chauncey. A constitution and by-laws were adopted, and the association then proceeded to elect its first officers. These were as follows:


President, Dr. W. P. Johnson ; Vice-Presidents, John Earhart


HISTORY OF HOCKING VALLEY - 145


and I. B. Harper; Secretary, C. L. Wilson; Treasurer, Win. S. Bell. Monthly meetings were decided, and the association started out with twenty-five members. The same officials were re-elected the following year.


1868, for two years—President, E. G. Carpenter; Secretary, C. L Wilson. 1870, for two years—President, C. L. Wilson ; Secretary, R. W. Erwin. 1872, for two years—President, I. P. Primose; Secretary, R. W. Erwin. One year a blank. 1875, for two years—President, I. P. Primrose; Secretary, H. M. Lash. 1877 President, H. C. Rutter; Secretary, H. M. Lash.       1878—President, W. E. W. Shepard; Secretary, Chas. F. Gilliam. 1879--President, Jas. Little; Secretary, Chas. F. Gilliam. 1880—President, H. M. Lash; Secretary, Chas. F. Gilliam. 1881—President, G. W. Pullen; Secretary, E. De Steiger. 1882—President, David Little; Secretary, W . N. Alderman. 1883—President, I. P. Primrose; Secretary, K. Tinker; First Vice-President, H. M. Lash; Second Vice-President, G. W. Pullen; Treasurer, S. E. Butt.


The following are the present members of the society, 1883:


Athens County—H. M. Lash, G. L. Gorslene, A. B. Richardson, B. H. Pickering, E. G. Carpenter, Athens; A. H. Shepard, S. E. Butt, C. W. Cable, I. P. Primrose, D. B. Elder, W. E. W. Shepard, W. N. Alderman, C. F. Gilliam, K. Tinker, Nelsonville; W. A. Adair, Huestis, Amesville; H. T. Lee, T. C. Armstrong, Buchtel; James M. Kittrick, Chauncey; H. D. Danford, Trimble; G. W. Blakely, Guysville; H. D. Witham, Shade; B. C. Voris, Albany. flocking County—David Little, James Little, G. W. Pullen, W. I. Bright, J. H. Dye, E. C. De Steiger, II. G. Campbell, Logan; A. B. Lyons, Sand Run; C. F. Aplin, Carbon Hill; J. C. Wright, Haydenville;--Irwin, South Perry; W. G. Dawson, George Marshall, Gibesonville. Vinton County—J. V. Rannels, Andrew Wolfe, C. 0. Dunlap, J. E. Sylvester, McArthur; W. R. Moore, Swan. Perry County—H. C. Allen, W. J. Jones, G. Newton, New Straits


The association is a progressive one, where deep and studious thought, combined with experience, is interchanged in the cause of humanity.


CHAPTER VI.


ATHENS COUNTY HISTORY-FROM THE WILDERNESS TO AD-

VANCED CIVILIZATION.


ORGANIC—ACT OF THE LEGISLATURE—ORGANIZED FEB. 20, 1805AREA—FIRST SESSION OF COURT—FOUR TOWNSHIP BOUNDARIES—FIRST JAIL AND COURT-HOUSE—TAXATION AND LICENSE—SOME SHINING LIGHTS—NEW COURT-HOUSE, 1818—SCHOOL DISTRICTS AND SCHOOL MONEYS-1840 TO 1850—RISE AND PROGRESS 1850 TO 1860—WAR AND PEACE—COURT- HOUSE TALK—OLD FATHER TIME—COUNTY OFFICIALS—FLOODS—DEVASTATION AND RUIN BY THE RUSHING WATERS—FLOODS OF 1847, 1858 AND 1873—DAMAGE COMPUTED—DESTRUCTION OF THIRTEEN MILES OF THE HOCKING CANAL—IT IS ABANDONED—THE SWELLING WATERS OF 1875—


ORGANIC.


The county of Washington covered a very extensive territory, so much so that for the convenience of the people who had settled in extreme points of the county, other counties were organized. from it. Washington County was organized in 1789, and Athens County was taken from it in 1805.. The Athens County of to-day, however, is not the Athens County of 1805, for she, like Washington, has been somewhat curtailed of her former population. The question of organization came up before the third session of the General Assembly, and on Dec. 4, 1804, Governor Tiffin, in reference to the subject of schools and education, referred to the Ohio University and its valuable gift of land, and that these lands might become more valuable if a new county was organized. His message on this point was as follows :


" It is further thought, that it would greatly increase the demand for those lands and town lots, as well as prepare the way for the accommodation and comfort of the youths who may be sent to the university, if a new county were erected and its seat established at Athens. This may conveniently be done without injury to the counties adjacent, and, in my opinion, the convenience of that part of the county imperiously demands it."


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HISTORY OF HOCKING VALLEY - 147


These favorable words placed the matter in its proper light before the members of the General Assembly, and before the session closed it was acted upon by them.


Political considerations also hastened this step. The first few years of Ohio's existence as a State were marked by strong political feeling, the advocates of " federalism " being arrayed against those of " democracy."


The act of the Legislature creating the county of Athens, reads as follows.


" An act establishing the County of Athens.


"SEC. 1. Be it enacted, etc., That so much of the county of Washington as is contained in the following boundaries be, and the same is, hereby erected into a separate county, which shall be known by the name of Athens, viz.; Beginning at the southwest corner of township number ten, range seventeen; thence easterly with the line between Gallia and Washington counties, to the Ohio River; thence up said giver to the mouth of Big Hockhocking River; thence up the said Hockhocking River to the east line of township number six, of the twelfth range; thence north on. said line to the northeast corner of the eighth township, in the said twelfth range; thence west to the east line of Fairfield County; thence south on said county line and the line of Ross County to the place of beginning.


“SEC. 2. That from and after the first day of March next the said county of Athens shall be vested with all the powers, privileges, and immunities of a separate and distinct county: Provided always, That all actions and suits which may be pending on the said first day of March next shall be prosecuted and carried to final judgment and execution, and all taxes, fees, fines and forfeitures which shall then be due shall be collected in the same manner as if this act had never been passed.


" SEC. 3. That the seat of justice of said county is hereby established at the town of Athens, any law to the contrary notwithstanding.


" SEC. 4. This act shall take effect and be in force from and after the first day of March next."


Passed Feb. 20, 1805.


148 - HISTORY OF HOCKING VALLEY.


AREA.


The area within the boundary above described, contained 1,053 square miles, or about thirty congressional townships of six miles square. This territory not only included the present county of Athens, but three townships, Ward, Green and Starr, now in Hocking County; seven townships, Brown, Swan, Elk, Madison, Knox, Vinton and Clinton, in Vinton County; five townships now a part of Meigs County, viz.: Columbia, Scipio, Bedford, Orange and Olive; and two townships, Homer and Marion, a part, at this time, of Morgan County; and a strip of land ten miles long and one mile wide, which was afterward made again a part of Washington County. Two years later an act passed the Legislature alter ing the boundary line between Athens and Gallia counties, and by that act Athens took a strip off of that county ten miles long and one wide. At the same session, about one month later, or Feb. 18, 1807, an act was also passed altering the line between the counties of Washington and Athens, which gave to Athens the portion of Troy Township lying east of the Hocking River, and gave to Washington County a strip fifteen miles long and one mile wide, taken from Athens.


Following up the acts of Legislature, numerous other changes were made, some adding to and others taking territory from Athens. One act making a change was dated Feb. 10, 1814. Then the organization of Jackson County, Jan. 12, 1816, and the creation of Hocking County, Jan. 3, 1818, and a further act dated March 12, 1845, all curtailed the dimensions of Athens County, and added them to the new counties formed. Meigs County, organized Jan. 21, 1819, took off another slice of her territory, and finally by the erection of the county of Vinton, which act was passed March 23, 1850, took the remainder of our outlying possessions in that direction, and the same act detached Ward Township from Athens and gave it to Hocking, thus reducing our boundaries all around to their present limits. The present boundaries of the county include about 430 square miles.


An act of the Legislature was passed Feb. 13, 1804, establishing boards of commissioners, providing that the election for commissioners should be held on the first Mondays of April. The first election in Athens County resulted in the choice of Silas Dean, William Howlett and John Corey, Commissioners.


The first session of the Board of Commissioners took place a


HISTORY OF HOCKING VALLEY - 149


Athens on April 16, 1805, and the records show the follo wing proceedings:—


"Agreeably to all act entitled an act establishing boards f commissioners,' passed February the 13th, 1804,


"We, Silas Dean, Wm. Howlett and John Corey, being elected Commissioners for the County of Athens on the 13th day of April, 1805, Silas Dean and John Corey, aggreeably to appointment, met this day in order to proceed to business, and have made choice of John Corey for Clerk, and then proceeded to divide the county into the following townships:


"The township of Ames begins at the northeast corner of the county; thence running west to the northwest corner of said county; thence south to the southwest corner of township No. 12 in the 16th range; thence east to the southeast corner of township No. 7 in the 12th range; thence north to the place of beginning.


"The township of Athens begins at the northwest corner of town ship No. 12 in the 17th range; thence south to the southwest corner of township No. 12; thence east to the southeast corner of township No. 5,in the 13th range; thence north to northeast corner of the aforesaid township No. 5; thence west to the place of beginning.


" The township of Alexander begins at the northwest corner of township No. 11 in the 17th range; thence south to the southwest corner of township No. 10 in the aforesaid 17th range; thence east to the southeast corner of township No. 3 in the 13th range; thence north to the northeast corner of township No. 4 in the 13th range; thence west to the place of beginning.


" The township of Troy begins at the southwest corner of township No. 4 in the 12th range; thence east on the south line of the county until it intersects with Shade River; thence down Shade River to its junction with the Ohio; thence up the Ohio to the mouth of the Great Hockhocking; thence up the Hockhocking to where the eastern line of the 12th range crosses said river; thence north to the northeast corner of township No.6, in the 12th range; thence west to the northwest corner of the aforesaid 6th township; thence south to the place of beginning."


After dividing the county into four townships as stated above they next appointed Alvin Bingham, County Treasurer, who produced his bond which was accepted and filed. They also made an order for the erection of a jail, to be built of logs, dimensions to be twenty-four feet long