HISTORY OF HOCKING VALLEY - 175 After they had eaten all they could find in the houses, they entered the stores and helped themselves to new clothes and other things that suited them. They paid for part of them. They then visited all the stables and pastures near town in search of horses, of which they took all that were able to travel. When the news first came of their approach, some rode their horses into the woods to save them, while others were overtaken and had to deliver up. Farmers from the country had their horses unharnessed from their wagons, and were left to get home the best way they could. The plundering was all done in a very quiet manner. Just before leaving they fired the river bridge on which they crossed, and all the canal boats that were in port, about twelve in number, turning families out upon the banks without saving a thing but the clothes on their backs. They kindled a fire in the cabin of one boat where there was a sick woman. Her pleadings were of no avail, and she was obliged to make her escape the best way she could. L. D. Poston's coal-works caught fire from the boats, but were put out after the rebels left without much damage. The plunderers remained in town about two hours, and left between one and two o'clock to spread terror and devastation along their route through the country. Morgan himself was recognized by several persons in Nelsonville. The cavalry in pursuit of Morgan under Major Wolford, entered Nelsonville about five o'clock, but four hours behind him. Morgan moved northeast through the counties of Morgan, Guernsey, and Harrison, and at noon on Saturday, the 25th, was approaching Wintersville a place about four miles north of Steubenville. Here he was headed off by militia. Thence he moved north in the direction of the Cleveland & Pittsburg Railroad. He arrived at Salineville, near that road, early on the morning of the 26th, and was met by Major Way with a detachment of the First Michigan Cavalry. After an hour's hard fighting Morgan was completely routed, and the delay occasioned by this engagement enabled General Shackleford, who was only a few miles away, to catch up with Morgan, who surrendered three miles south of New Gibson, Columbiana County. The part taken by the ladies of Athens County during the week of the Morgan raid was no inconsiderable one. As a proof of their liberality and generous patriotism the following statement is .given of the provisions furnished soldiers at Athens for one week: Friday, July 17, dinner on the college green for 65, supper for 300. 176 - HISTORY OF HOCKING VALLEY. Saturday, breakfast for 200, lunch and coffee at the depot, at three o'clock P. M. for upward of 3,000, supper for 80. Sunday, breakfast for 90, dinner for 100, supper for. 110. Monday, breakfast at five o'clock A. M. for 150, at six A. M. for 90, dinner at 12 m. for 100, at one P. M. for 90, supper at five P. M. for 90, at six P. M. for 68. Tuesday, breakfast for 90. Wednesday, breakfast for 112. Friday, lunch at the depot for 300. This is, of course, exclusive of those who were provided for at private houses or at the hotels, which were all filled to overflowing. The provisions were supplied for the first two or three days by the citizens of Athens. After that the war committee furnished bacon and coffee. Abundant supplies of bread, biscuit, pies, cake, etc., poured in from the country around, four wagon-loads coming from the patriotic town of Nelsonville alone. A general order was issued from the Adjutant-General's office Aug. 15, 1863, dividing the State into military districts and directing that there be held in 1863 in each district one officers' muster and encampment, each to continue eight days. The First District included the counties of Athens, Meigs, Washington, Morgan, Hocking, Vinton and Ross, and its officer muster and encampment were directed to be held on the lands of Messrs. Cable and Brooks, at Athens, to be called " Camp :Athens." All officers of the militia and volunteers, and also all non-commissioned officers of militia and volunteers of the rank of sergeant, were to attend the camp in their proper district and participate in the drill and instructions throughout the period of its duration; while the various companies of militia, privates as well as officers, were ordered to attend the encampment during the last two days for drill and instruction. The encampment for the First District was appointed for Saturday, Sept. 5, and to last till Saturday, the 12th. The encampment was held according to appointment, and was a decided success. The weather was fine and favorable for drilling, and a good degree of efficiency was secured for those in attendance. About 6,000 men, including 1,000 militia officers, were in camp. Several companies were completely uniformed. Among these were an artillery company from Washington County, and one from Meigs; and infantry companies from Marietta and Middleport. It was a grand sight on the last two days to see the battalion drill, and it would have been still more imposing, had all been uniformed and armed. The Thirty-sixth Regiment of Ohio Volunteer Militia also met at Camp Athens for drill, Sept. 29, 1863, by order of the regimental officers. HISTORY OF HOCKING VALLEY - 177 Toward the close of 1863, a " Great Western Sanitary Fair " was held at Cincinnati for the purpose of raising funds, clothing, provisions, etc., to better the condition of our soldiers, and aid in preparing them to endure the winter. A branch organization was perfected in Athens County, with N. H. Van Vorhes as Secretary and Treasurer, and the county was canvassed for contributions, and its offering amounted to about $3,000, over half of which was in cash. In the spring of 1864 the Governors of Ohio, Indiana, Illinois, Iowa and Wisconsin offered the General Government the services of 85,000 men for 100 days. They thought that the men could be easily raised for this short term of service, and these 100-days men could render efficient service by being placed on guard duty and in garrisons, and enabling the experienced soldiers to go to the front. The Government accepted the tender, and the call for the 100-days men was accordingly made. Ohio's quota was 30, 000, but the militia offered themselves to the number of 38,000. Athens County furnished five companies, which, together with a battalion from Gallia County were organized as the One Hundred and Forty-first Ohio Volunteer Infantry. This regiment was ordered to border duty in West Virginia. Under the President's call for 500,000 men made in 1863, the quota of Athens County was 250 men, and a general draft was anticipated. But volunteers stepped briskly forward, month after month, induced partly by the liberal bounties, general and private, and when the draft finally came, in the summer of 1864, but eight men were drawn for Athens County. This was just after the county had furnished half a regiment of 100-days men. The county thus maintained its patriotic record to the end of the war, which came in April, 1865, in the:shape of complete victory for the Union arms. Never was there a more jubilant feeling in Athens and vicinity than when the news came of the surrender of Lee. The evening of Friday the 14th saw the town literally ablaze with light, and a brilliant display of fire-works added to the festivities. At the hall the citizens gave vent to their exuberance of feeling in speeches and enthusiastic cheers. On Saturday morning the joy was unabated, and every one was in the happiest mood when the crushing news came of the assassination of our beloved President—Abraham Lincoln. ;Twice death had tread the halls of the White House, but never fell a sorrow like this on our people. Business was suspended for want of heart to carry it on, - 12 - 178 - HISTORY OF HOCKING VALLEY.
voices were muffled, and the bells tolled the live-long heavy day, it unison with the general sorrow. At night there was a spontaneous meeting of citizens at the M. E.Secretch to testify their sorrov for the nation's loss and to debate over the mournful event. Judge Welch was called to the chair, and A. B. Walker appointed Secreary. An impressive prayer was delivered by Rev. Mr. Prettyman, after which Judge Welch made an appropriate and able address tc the audience. A committee of While was then appointed by the Chair, consisting of Hon. C. Morris, Samuel Pickering and E. H. Moore, to prepare resolutions for the action of the meeting. While the committee were out, further remarks were made by Dr. Prettyman, Colonel W. H. Young Judge Welch and Hon. W. P. Johnson. The committee reported that in view of a more general demonstration soon to be held by the county, they did not deem it necessary to report matters for action at that time. On the 17th a very large and general meeting of the citizens was held at the Atheneum. Dr. W. P. Johnson appointed to the chair, and A. B. Walker was chosen Secretary. The meeting was addressed briefly by Hon. John Welch, who, at the close of his remarks, offered a series of resolutions appropriate to the heart-rending intelligence of the President's tragic death.
This properly closes the narrative of Athens County's part in the war. The follow table shows the number of soldiers furnished by each township : |
TOWNSHIPS |
NO. IN U.S. ARMY |
NO. OF 100 DAYS MEN |
TOTAL |
Athens Alexander Ames Bern Carthage Canaan Dover Lee Lodi Rome Trimble Troy. Waterloo York |
267 162 142 108 112 117 154 117 143 156 143 181 162 226 |
96 58 ...... ...... ...... 10 30 68 39 54 27 ...... ...... 38 |
303 220 142 108 112 127 184 185 182 210 170 181 162 264 |
Total |
2,190 |
420 |
2,610 |
The principal regiments in which Athens County was represented were the Third, Eighteenth, Thirty-sixth, Thirty-ninth, Sixty-ninth, Seventy-fifth, Ninety-second and Ode Hundred and Sixteenth Infantry and the Seventh Cavalry.
CHAPTER VIII.
STATISTICS OF ATHENS COUNTY—POPULATION, AGRICULTURAL,
POLITICAL.
POPULATION BY TOWNSHIPS AND BY DECADES—VALUE OF REAL AND PERSONAL PROPERTY IN 1870, 1880, 1881 AND 1882—ASSESSED VALUATION OF IN 1846, 1853, AND 1859—RECORD OF MARRIAGES AND DEATHS—PAUPERISM—LAND SALES—MORTGAGES—DOG AND SHEEP STATISTICS—RAILROAD AND TELEGRAPH— POLITICAL--PRESIDENTIAL VOTE, 1836 TO 1880—GOVERNOR'S VOTE, 1836 TO 1880—VOTE FOR SECRETARY OF STATE—THE COUNTY VOTE BY TOWNSHIPS.
POPULATION BY DECADES.
By the census of 1800, Washington County (then including Athens County) had 5,427 inhabitants. By the census of 1810, Athens County had
POPULATION BY TOWNSHIPS IN 1820. |
|
MALES |
FEMALES |
TOTAL. |
Ames Athens Alexander Canaan Carthage Dover Elk Homer Lee Home Troy York |
388 582 421 193 175 330 274 101 185 266 295 183 |
333 532 433 163 145 277 271 100 157 231 246 158 |
721 1,114 854 356 320 607 545 201 342 497 541 341 |
Aggregate |
3,393 |
3,046 |
6,439 |
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PAGES 180 THROUGH 190 NOT SHOWN
HISTORY OF HOCKING VALLEY - 191
POLITICAL.
THE VOTE OF THE COUNTY 1836 TO 1882.
The people of Athens County have always taken an intelligent interest in political matters, and yet they have never indulged in that bitter party strife which has characterized many localities in our country. The attitude of the voters of the county can be most impartially shown by giving, without comments, the vote for the more important officers through a long series of years. We give herewith the vote for President and Governor during the years in which the two great opposing parties have contended:
PRESIDENT, IN 1836.
William Henry Harrison, whig - 1098 Martin Van Buren, dem. - 957 Harrison's majority - 141
GOVERNOR, 1836. Joseph Vance, whig. - 966 Eli Baldwin, dem - 736 Vance's majority. - 230
GOVERNOR, 1838. Joseph Vance, whig - 1086 Wilson Shannon, dem - 732 Vance's majority - 354
PRESIDENT, 1840. William Henry Harrison, whig - 2094 Martin Van Buren, dem - 1322 Harrison's majority - 772
GOVERNOR, 1842. Thomas Corwin, Whig - 1519 Wilson Shannon, dem - 1278 Corwin's majority - 241
PRESIDENT, 1844. Henry Clay, whig - 2050 James K. Polk, dem - 1425 Birney, ab - 220 Clay's plurality - 625
GOVERNOR, 1844. Mordecai Bartley, whig - 1742 David Tod, dem - 1267 Leicester King, ab. - 266 Bartley's plurality - 475
GOVERNOR, 1846. William Bebb, whig - 1189 David Tod, dem - 1007 Samuel Lewis, ab. - 209 Bebb's plurality - 182
PRESIDENT, 1848. Zachary Taylor, whig - 1846 Lewis Cass, dem - 1509 Martin Van Buren, bolter - 320 Taylor's plurality - 337
GOVERNOR, 1851. Samuel F. Vinton - 1294 Reuben Wood, dem - 1162 Samuel Lewis, ab. - 114 Vinton's plurality - 132
PRESIDENT, 1852. Winfield Scott, whig - 1750 Franklin Pierce, dem - 1383 John P. Hale, ab - 366 Scott's plurality - 367
GOVERNOR, 1853. Nelson Barrere, whig 849 William Medill, dem 1272 Samuel Lewis, ab 735 Medill's plurality 423
The defeat of Scott for the Presidency in 1832 announced the virtual death of the Whig party. Since its formation, in 1854 and 1855, from Whigs and Abolitionists, the Republican party has controlled a strong majority in Athens County.
GOVERNOR, 1855.
Salmon P. Chase, rep 1634 William Medill, dem. - 974 Allen Trimble, whig 98 Chase's plurality - 660
PRESIDENT, 1856. John C. Fremont, rep - 2299 James Buchanan, dem. - 1350 Millard Fillmore, American - 159 Fremont's plurality - 944
192 - HISTORY OF HOCKING VALLEY.
CONGRESSMAN, 1856. V. B. Horton, rep - 2183 William Medill. dem - 1270 Horton's majority. - 913
GOVERNOR, 1857. Salmon P. Chase, rep - 1723 H. B. Payne, dem. - 1319 P. Van Trump, American 14 Chase's plurality 404
CONGRESSMAN, 1858. N. H. Van Vorhes, rep. - 2143 C. D. Martin, dem. - 1303 Van Vorhes' majority.- 840
SUPREME JUDGE, 1858. William V. Peck, rep 2105 Thomas W. Bartley, dem. 1354 Peck's majority - 751
GOVERNOR, 1859. William Dennison, Jr., rep 1843 R. P. Ramley, dem. 1237 Dennison's majority 606
PRESIDENT, 1860. Abraham Lincoln, rep. 2526 Stephen A. Douglas, dem. 1491 John Bell, American 36 John C. Breckinridge, Union 46 Lincoln's plurality 1035
CONGRESSMAN, 1860. V. B. Horton, rep 2580 C. D. Martin, dem 1386 Horton's majority 1194
GOVERNOR, 1861. David Tod, rep 2405 H. J. Jewett, dem 642 Tod's majority 1763
SECRETARY OF STATE, 1862. Wilson S. Kennon, rep. 1954 W. W. Armstrong, dem 1194 Kennon's majority 760
CONGRESSMAN, 1862. — Cutler, rep 1965 — Morris, dem. 1185 Cutler's majority 780
GOVERNOR, 1863. John Brougb, rep. home vote, - 2,788 " soldiers' vote— . 609 " total vote. 3,397 C. L. Vallandingham, dem. “ home vote 1,008 “ soldiers' vote. 16 “ total vote 1,024 Brough's majority 2,373
SECRETARY OF STATE, 1864. Wm. H. Smith, rep. home vote 2,289 “ soldiers' vote. 442 “ total vote 2,731 W.W. Armstrong, dem. home vote 1,175 “ soldiers vote. 27 “ total vote 1,202 Smith's majority - 1,529
PRESIDENT, 1864. Abraham Lincoln, rep. home vote 2,474 “ soldiers' vote 566 “ total vote. 3,040 Geo. B. McClellan, dem. home vote 1,246 “ soldiers' vote 72 “ total vote 1,318 Lincoln's majority 1,722
CONGRESSMAN, 1864. T. A. Plants, rep. home vote 2,280 “ soldiers' vote. 435 “ total vote 2,715 James R. Morris, dem. home vote 1,178 “ soldiers' vote. 14 “ total vote 1,192 Plants majority - 1,523
GOVERNOR, 1865. J. D. Cox, rep. home vote 2,541 “ soldiers' vote 50 “ total vote 2,591 Geo. W. Morgan, dem. home vote 1,160 “ soldiers' vote 10 “ total, vote 1,170 Cox's majority 1,421
SECRETARY OF STATE, 1866. William H. Smith, rep. 24170 Benjamin Lafever, dem. 1,210 Smith's majority 1,437
CONGRESSMAN, 1866. T. A. Plants, rep - 2,640 Martin D. Follett, dem. 1,212 Plants's majority 1,428
HISTORY OF HOCKING VALLEY - 193
GOVERNOR, 1867. Rutherford B. Hayes, rep. 2,59S Allen G. Thurman, dem. 1,701 Hayes's majority 897
PRESIDENT, 1868. Ulysses S. Grant, rep 2,908 Horatio Seymour, dem. 1,592 Grant's majority 1,316
SECRETARY OF STATE, 1868. Isaac R. Sherwood, rep. 2,725 Thomas Hubbard, dem. 1,687 Sherwood's majority 1,038
CONGRESSMAN, 1868. E .H. Moore, rep. 2,807 M. D. Follett, dem 1,590 Moore's majority 1,217
GOVERNOR, 1869. Rutherford B. Hayes, rep. 2,578 Geo. H. Pendleton, dem. 1,644 Hayes's majority 932
SECRETARY OF STATE, 1870. Isaac R. Sherwood, rep. 2,374 Heisley, dem. 1,417 Sherwood's majority 957
CONGRESSMAN, 1870. William P. Sprague, rep 2,367 John Cartwright, dem. 1,440 Sprague's majority 927
GOVERNOR, 1871. Edward F. Noyes, rep 2,505 Gideon W. McCook, dem 1,540 Noyes's majority 965
PRESIDENT, 1872. Ulysses S. Grant, rep 3,025 Horace Greeley, dem 1,308 Grant's majority .1,627
SECRETARY OF STATE, 1872. A. T. Wikoff, rep 2,798 Aquila Wiley, dem 1,510 Wikoff's majority. 1,288
CONGRESSMAN, 1872. W. P. Sprague, rep. 2,644 R. R. Hudson, dem 1,700 Sprague's majority 944
GOVERNOR, 1873. E. F. Noyes, rep. 9,576 William Allen, dem 1,455 G. T. Stewart, pro 166 Isaac Collins. lib 34 Noyes's plurality 1,121
SECRETARY OF STATE, 1874. A. T. Wikoff, rep 2,516 William Bell, Jr., dem. 1,684 John R. Buchtel, pro 101 Wikoff's plurality 832
CONGRESSMAN, 1874. N. H. VanVorhes, rep 2,748 W. H. Oldham, dem. 1,487 Alderman, pro. 57 Van Vorhes's plurality 1,264
GOVERNOR, 1875. Rutherford B. Hayes, rep. 3,192 William Allen, dem 2,410 Hayes's majority 782
SECRETARY OF STATE, 1876. Milton Barnes, rep 3,240 William Bell, Jr., dem. 2,152 E. S. Chapman, pro. 54 Barnes's plurality 1,088
CONGRESSMAN, 1876. N. H. Van Vorhes, rep 3,264 W. W. Poston, dem. 2,044 F. J. Cathers, pro. 47 Van Vorhes's plurality 1,220
GOVERNOR, 1877. William H. West, rep 2,568 Richard M. Bishop, dem 2,051 Henry A. Thompson, pro 145 Stephen Johnson, nat 15 West's plurality 517
SECRETARY OF STATE, 1878. Milton Barnes, rep. 2,687 David R. Paige, dem 1,731 Jeremiah N. Robinson, pro 327 Andrew Roy, nat 447 Barnes's plurality 956
CONGRESSMAN, 1878. N. H. Van Vorhes, rep 2,934 A. J. Warner, dem 1,740 J. M. McElhinney, pro. 155 George E. Geddes, nat 362 Van Vorhes's plurality 1,194
GOVERNOR, 1879. Charles Foster, rep. 3,361 Thomas Ewing, dem 2,289 Gideon T. Stewart, pro 112 A. Sanders Piatt, nat 73 Foster’s plurality 1,072
CHAPTER - IX.
MELANGE-A SERIES OF ARTICLES WORTHY OF ATTENTION- PERUSAL.
EDUCATIONAL-NORMAL INSTITUTE-STATISTICAL- AGRICULTURAL. SOCIETY- WHEN INAUGURATED- FAILURE AND RESURRECTION ANNUAL FAIRS-CONSTITUTION AND BY-LAWS-PIONEER ASSOCIATION-ITS ORGANIZATION-SERIES OF INTERESTING MEETINGS-THE DEATH ROLL- OFFICERS--LETTER OF GENERAL THOMAS EWING---FUTURE PROSPECTS-NEW COURT-HOUSE-THE OLD LOG COURT-HOUSE OF 1807—THE ANCIENT BRICK COURT-HOUSE OF 1818—THE PRIDE OF ATHENS COUNTY, 1880—ITS COST-WHAT THE PEOPLE THOUGHT IN 1874, 1876 AND 1878—ITS SUCCESS AND COMPLETION-JAIL-CHILDRENS' HOME-INFIRMARY-DEFALCATION.
EDUCATIONAL.
The inherited ideas of the pioneers of Athens County, together with the presence for over three quarters of a century of the Ohio University, have ever made the interests of education paramount to most others. The first settlers, being attracted here by the University, were naturally a class of people to benefit by its presence. Common schools and seminaries have from the start received careful attention, and the results have been wonderfully beneficial. The Athens people feel the deep truth of the saying of the eminent Frenchman, Jules Simon, " THE PEOPLE WHICH HAS THE BEST SCHOOLS IS THE FIRST PEOPLE; IF IT IS NOT SO TO-DAY, IT WILL BE 60 TO-MORROW."
While this is true, comparatively speaking, it is no less certain that there is yet much room for improvement in educational affairs, a fact to which the people have been awakening during the last few years. It is encouraging to observe a growing tendency to place at the head of the leading schools, and in the important principal-ships, men and women of ability and culture, and to retain these persons long enough to secure their best services to the community. It is also a favorable sign that the tendency to divide the teaching force somewhat more liberally between the sexes is increasing. It
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198 - HISTORY OF HOCKING VALLEY.
is with reason that two somewhat different elements conspire in the culture of families. Experience demonstrates the wisdom of accepting this suggestion in the organization of schools, where so large a proportion of the intellectual and moral character of the youth of the State is formed. An occasional tendency to limit too narrowly the salaries of instructors is one of the greatest drawbacks of the present time.. The great need of the country is educators, and the fact is beyond dispute that educators can be obtained only through such an or ganization and management of the school system as shall furnish inducements for educated and enterprising men and women to engage in the business of instruction and to remain in it.
NORMAL INSTITUTES.
One of the most necessary aids to a complete system of education is the Normal Institute. The professional contact of the teachers of a county with each other is quickening, and the influence on the younger and less experienced teachers is always instructive, and tends to awaken ambition and energy.
The first permanent organization of teachers in Athens County was effected Dec. 17, 1853, at the court-house in Athens. S. Howard, President of the University, was chosen Chairman, and J. P. Weethee, President of the Amesville Collegiate Institute, Secretary. The meeting was addressed by Professor J. G. Blair, President Howard, Mr. R. W. Carley, Professor J. F. Given and Superintendent C. Grant, after which it was resolved to organize a teachers' institute. A committee, consisting of Professor Blair, Superintendent Grant and Professor Weethee, reported a brief constitution, which was adopted. Semi-annual meetings were provided for, the first meeting to be held the second Monday in April, 1854. The following persons were chosen to lecture. President Howard and R. W. Carley, at Albany; Professor Blair and Superintendent Grant, at Nelsonville and Chauncey; Professor Given, at Amesville, and President Weethee and Rey. Hand, at Athens. The April meeting was not held, and for some time no further steps were taken for an effectual union of educational interests in Athens County. The organization was kept up continuously, however, and institutes were held occasionally. The first one of which any record is found was held at Coolville on Tuesday, Oct. 7, 1856. George Hanger acted as
199 - HISTORY OF HOCKING VALLEY.
President pro tent. The session lasted two days, and was of interest to those who attended, although no professional lecturers were present, and the membership not large. The next institute was appointed for Albany, March 31, 1857, but no record of the proceedings, if held, was kept.
Oct. 5, 1S57, a very successful institute was held at the Methodist church in Athens, and was entered on the proceedings as being the " tenth semi-annual session." President S. Howard occupied the chair. C. S. Royce, Agent for the Ohio State Phonetic Association, was present and elected a member. He opened the work of the institute by lecturing briefly on elementary sounds. He was followed by Professor McLaughlin in an introduction to the study of arithmetic, and Mr. Royce then addressed the teachers on the subject of phonography. The question of the age at which children should be sent to school was discussed by the institute, and also the usage of tobacco by teachers. An interesting lecture was delivered by Mr. Royce on "Responsibilities of Teachers," and by Mr. Ogden on " Family and School Government."
The next meeting of the association was held in Nelsonville, March 15, 1858, S. Howard being President, and lasted four days The principal lecturers at this institute were Professors Allen, Young and Ogden, Mr. J. C. S. Miller and President Howard. The attendance of both teachers and visitors was large.
The association had adjourned to meet at Albany, where a large institute was held for four clays, beginning April 4, 1859. Seventy teachers attended this session, which was presided over by Dr. William Campbell. Mr. Royce, Agent of the Southwestern Normal School, delivered an instructive address on " Moral Culture in Schools." Professor Allen lectured on " English Grammar."
The Normal Institute was again opened in 1860, commencing July 23. The attendance was fair, and one of the principal features was a course of twelve lectures on elocution and literature delivered by Professor I. C. Zachas. This,' so far as the records show, was the last one held until 1868. On July 6 of that year, the institute held for two weeks and was largely attended, and proved of unusual interest. The lecturers were Professor Schuyler, on Arithmetic; Professor John R. Scott, Penmanship; Professor Tappan, Geography; Professor Young, the Theory and Practice of Teaching; Professor Gibbons, Grammar; and Professor Kidd on Elocution. The benefits derived from these institutes soon be-' came very apparent, and the standard of qualification took a much higher plane than in former years |