John J. Hoffman, Wm. Swanson, Wm. Kessinger, S. Saylor, E. D. Meacham, A. Fuller, Alex Porter, H. C. Messenger, F. Smith,

H. Adams, Abram Ward, J. H. Brown, J. A. Claar, Wm. Brown, M. Shower, W. K. Hastings, Andrew Long, B. Keenan,

H. W. White, John Stephenson, G. W. Pore, E. Edwards, M. W. Vance, Wm. Steel, D. W. Winfough, D. Mackley, Levi Howell,

P. Price, J. D. Burris, I. Roberts, Bolser Wollum, A. B. Price, D. Leach, D. A. Hoffman.

These thirty-four men were the founders of the republican party in the county. Many :others responded to their call and when the meeting assembled H. H. Fullerton was made chairman and A. C. Carrick secretary. Hon. H. S. Bundy,, a leading whig of other days, advised action and a committee on resolutions was thereupon appointed, viz., H. S. Bundy, D. Mackley, R. C. Hoffman, H. Adams and L. C. Ford, who in due time reported four ringing resolutions. The delegates selected were H. H. Fullerton and T. R. Matthews. The latter was editor of the Standard and he had urged the calling of the meeting as early as June 14, thereby becoming the sponsor of the movement. Later in the year H. S. Bundy was nominated as the republican candidate for senator in the Seventh District of Ohio, but no republican nominations for county officers were made. Salmon P. Chase addressed a meeting at Jackson October 12, but he lost the county by twenty-five votes at the election in October. Bundy was more fortunate and carried the county by eighty-nine votes and also carried the district. He was thus the first Jackson County republican elected to a public office. For forty years he remained the leader of the party in the county, serving it in the Ohio Senate and in Congress. While he lived his party seldom lost a county candidate, although he himself suffered two notable defeats in his candidacy for Congress. In his old age, when Congressman W. H. Enochs died in 1893, Bundy was elected to succeed him, and after he retired in 1895 a notable banquet was given in his honor. It was at this banquet that the campaign was inaugurated which made Bushnell governor of Ohio. J. B. Foraker, who was a son-in-law of H. S. Bundy, United States senator, and William McKinley, President. The three men were present at the banquet to do honor to Jackson County's grand old man, Bundy was a politician of the old type and his fame as an entertaining orator will survive until his generation has been forgotten. Many of the stories which he told have been ascribed .to Abraham Lincoln. He died at his home at Wellston, the old homestead of Judge David Paine. HANGING ROCK IRON REGION - 459 COMING OF THE MARIETTA AND CINCINNATI RAILROAD (1854) The Marietta and Cincinnati Railroad was completed to Byers in the northwestern part of the county, June 4, 1854, which gave the county a second railroad; A coach line was established at once between Jackson and Byers. The Scioto and Hocking Valley Railroad was completed to Hamden in November, 1855, thus giving the county direct railroad communication with Cincinnati, but by this time the panic had set in and the county passed through three or four years of hard times. A number of the furnace companies became bankrupt and practically all of them were out of blast much of the time because the owners had no money to conduct the business. The consequence was that all business except farming languished. John W. Foster, who was the leading building contractor in Jackson and still survives, was able to employ carpenters during the summer of 1857 for 60 cents a day with other labor in proportion. Many buildings in Jackson remained unfinished until after the breaking out of the war. One consequence was that, several hundred families emigrated to other states and the county lost much of the population which had been attracted by the new furnaces built in 1854. Later the .living tide returned and the census of 1860 showed a decided gain over 1850. THE TEMPERANCE QUESTION (1855) Another matter that agitated the minds of the people and which divided them during this decade was the temperance question. There was much excitement in Jackson in 1855 over the effort of the temperance People to enforce the new law prohibiting drinking upon the premises, a law which if strictly enforced would have made Ohio dry. A third condition that perplexed all good citizens was the great increase in crime. Nine or ten murders were committed in this county between the coming of the railroad and the firing upon Fort Sumter and some of these murders were committed by new people who had come in from adjoining counties and from the mountains of Virginia and Kentucky, but the majority of the offenders were natives of the county. The first flagrant crimes were committed at Monroe Furnace, October 13, 1854, when a number of men were drinking together. William McDonald stabbed Levi Canter, who died in a few minutes, and ;William Canter thereupon killed McDonald. On February 26, 1855, another party -of drinking men injured an old man named James Guthrie at Mabee in Hamilton, Township and he died from his injuries. On the last night of the same year Fred Aul was murdered at Oak Hill. No punishment was meted out in any of these cases, and then came the murder of Jackson *Coy, son of Michael McCoy, one of the oldest citizens of Hamilton Township, in the fall of 1858, followed quickly by the killing of a colored man named Ben Wilson'by Addison Keenan near Berlin in October, 1858. 460 - HANGING ROCK IRON REGION A SENSATIONAL MURDER Perhaps the most sensational murder of this period was that of David Winchell of Jackson Township, a man who had earned an unenviable reputation. In the second week of February, 1860, he disappeared and certain suspicious circumstances led his neighbors to make an investigation. Finally they made bold to organize a searching party, which visited the Winchell homestead on Pigeon Creek. Every building and nook and corner was searched, but no trace of Winchell could be found. Finally a lad with the searching party was sent into the house• to pretend to rest and while lying before the fire ostensibly napping, he heard a woman say they are getting near him now. Rising and going out he saw that the party was near a deep hole in the creek and the lad approached among the leaders and whispered what he had heard. Turning their attention to the water, it was concluded to drag it and then the old man's body was found weighted down. Three members of his family were arrested. His son, Nelson Winchell, his nephew of the same name called Little Nels and his son-in-law, Joseph Mathews. The latter was tried first and found guilty of murder in the second degree. The son, Nelson Winchell, was found guilty of murder in the first degree, but through an arrangement made by the attorneys this verdict was set aside and he was then allowed to plead guilty of murder in the second degree. Little Nelson Winchell, who was visiting his uncle when the crime was committed, was allowed to plead guilty to manslaughter and received a sentence of ten years in the penitentiary. Big Nels was pardoned within a few years because he was in a dying condition. David Winchell was a man of remarkable ability and had he 'engaged in business as a captain_ of industry he would doubtless have made a great name for himself. The motive for his murder by his son and son-in-law Was not divulged at the trial, but there has survived a tradition that they feared him on account of personal knowledge which he had of certain criminal acts committed by them. Winchell or a reputation similar to Robin Hood's, whether he deserved it or not. Another incident .of the year 1860 that was remembered long was the great storm which swept the county May 21. It came at about 4 o'clock in the afternoon, accompanied by a great wind which overthrew thousands of the finest trees in the forest and damaged hundreds of buildings. Fortunately it was too early in the year to injure crops to any great extent. Jackson County has been comparatively free from great storms and great floods on account of its hills. Then came the campaign of 1860, the most exciting in the history of the county, and while it .was. in progress the great fire occurred in Jackson. It broke out in a building opposite the Public Square on Main and burned around the corner down Broadway toward. Pearl, wiping out all that business district. Brands were carried across Main by the wind and finally one lodged on the cupola of the courthouse which, it set on fire. There were no ladders available and the fire burned downward and destroyed the building. Fortunately it came from above, giving time for the HANGING ROCK IRON REGION - 461 removal of all the county records. The fire occurred September 21, 1860, on a day when a large proportion of the voters had gone to Portsmouth to attend the meeting of Stephen A. Douglas, and this accounted for the great destruction caused by the fire. The Masonic Hall was rented for holding court for one year, and after the proposition to build a new courthouse was voted down in 1861 court was held for some years in this hall in the third story of the Grattan Block. CHAPTER IX THE CIVIL WAR FIRST WAR MEETING-DEPARTURE OF FIRST COMPANY-THE. HOFFMAN FAMILY-THE FIFTY-THIRD REGIMENT-THE SHOWING. BY TOWNSHIPS -GREENBRIER SOLDIERS-THE NINETY-FIRST REGIMENT-THE ANDREWS RAIDERS-THE MORGAN RAID IN JACKSON COUNTY-THE DEATH ROLL-RECRUITING ON AN ENLARGED SCALE-FIRST OHIO HEAVY ARTILLERY-WEST VIRGINIA CAVALRY-ADDITIONAL DEATH ROLL-TOTAL NUMBER OF ENLISTMENTS. The Southerners opened fire on Fort Sumter Friday morning, April 12, 1861, and the following paper was circulated for signatures in Jackson April 17th : "LOVERS OF YOUR COUNTRY ATTEND " "Our long cherished government is in danger by reason of the attempt of one portion of the states to recede from the balance, and to enforce that secession by force of arms. We therefore call upon all who are in favor of our country as it was established by our fathers to meet with us on Saturday, the 20th inst., at one o'clock p. m., in the town of Jackson to take counsel together for the welfare of our country." The signers secured were : D. Mackley, J. J. Hoffman, J. W. Longbon, Alanson Robbins, Jacob Rathburn, John Chestnut, H. H. Fullerton, T. P. Sutherland, T. B. Dickason, George D. Sutherland, Charles C. Jones, William McDaniel, William W. Gilbert, James Chesnut, Anson Hanna, James Dyer, Moses Sternberger, Walter A. Burke, Jacob Westfall, Joseph B. Watson, George B. Walterhouse, J. M. Martin, John L. Long, Courtney M. Martin; Joseph Andres, James Nelson, Adam Scott, Robert W. Caldwell, John Branson, Daniel W. Winbough, T. C. Mitchell, John H. Stephenson, Francis Smith, Hiram Riegel, 0. C. Miller, Edward Snider, Benjamin Trago, William D. Trago, Sam Taylor, H. C. Messenger, Alex Criswell, James S. Meacham, R. H. Ford, D. W. Peck, Walker Bennett, Peter Ewing, Thomas R. Matthews, W. H. Dunham. FIRST WAR MEETING The meeting was held at the depot of the Scioto and Hocking Valley Railroad. J. W. Longbon was made chairman ; J. W. Laird, - 462 - HANGING ROCK IRON REGION - 463 secretary. F. M. Keith announced the object of the meeting. Davis Mackley, John L. Long, W. A. Walden, Isaac Roberts, Moses Sternberger and H. H. Fullerton were appointed a committee on resolutions, who declared for the Union. Many addresses were delivered by G. W. Johnson, Levi Dungan, W. A. Walden, J. W. Longbon, Isaac Roberts, Davis Mackley, J. C. Stevenson, H. H. Fullerton, J. W. Laird, Dr. 0. C. Miller, Frank Smith and others, and a committee on enlistment was appointed, viz., James Linn, Joseph Watson, John J. Hoffman, Levi Dungan, William Walden, Isaac Roberts, F. M. Keith, Davis Mackley 'and Ben Trago. DEPARTURE OF FIRST COMPANY News came Sunday night, April 21st, that Washington had been attacked and in less than one hour more than fifty men had enlisted. The rumor was corrected the next day, but enlistments continued and the Jackson County Guards were organized Tuesday, April 30th, with John J. Hoffman, captain; David Dove, first lieutenant ; John Anderson, second lieutenant, and a total of 104. officers and men. The company left Jackson for the war May 25th,. were examined at Athens and ordered to Marietta May 27th and mustered in as Company I of the Eighteenth Ohio Infantry. The expenses incurred before their acceptance by the Government amounted to $229.80, and were paid- by the county. Provision was made also for the care of their families during their three months' service, and on several occasions gifts of food were sent to the company in Virginia. The ladies of Jackson had presented them a flag the day before they left. In the meantime other companies were organizing, and a state camp was established at Oak Hill, where soldiers left the railroad and marched to Gallipolis. On Thursday, June 1, 1861, the first soldier was killed in Jackson County. He was Private George W. Ballou, of Clermont County, killed in a railroad accident near Ray while on his way with his regiment, the Twenty-second Ohio, to Athens. Others were mortally wounded and died at Chillicothe. Many young men did not wait for the organization of companies and went elsewhere to enlist. The most notable one perhaps was Earl Cranston-, who became first lieutenant of Company C of the Third Regiment, United States Troops. In later life he was made bishop of the Methodist Episcopal Church. W. T. Lewis enlisted in the same regiment. The first man to raise a company for the three years' service was Mendell Churchill of Keystone Furnace, who began advertising for recruits July 18, 1861. The company was made up in a very few days, and on Friday, July 26, they started for the war. They came from the furnace to Keystone Station in large wagons drawn by oxen and accompanied by many relations. The scene when the cars rolled away will be remembered as long as any witnesses survive. They were mustered into the service as Company E of the Twenty-seventh Ohio Volunteer Infantry. The officers were Capt. Mendell Churchill, First 464 - HANGING ROCK IRON REGION Lieut. Samuel Thomas, Second Lieut. Charles W. Green. Total officers and men, ninety-four. The officers of this company received many promotions in the service, and after the war Gen. Samuel Thomas became a leading business man in New York City. JACKSON COUNTY GUARDS The Jackson County Guards came home August 2 at the expiration of their service and were given a public reception Saturday, August 3, all of the 104 men except one left behind on account of illness. Several of these soldiers survived until recently. John H. Martin, the retired merchant of Jackson, who was third sergeant; William Sell, and Jefferson Howe, of Coal Township ; also Emerson McMillen, its most distinguished member, who is now a millionaire living in New York City. The second company of three years' men to leave Jackson was that of Capt. L. M. Stephenson, which started for the war August 19, 1861. It was taken to Marietta and mustered into the Thirty-sixth Regiment, Ohio Volunteer. Infantry. L. M. Stephenson was captain ; Benjamin F. Stearns, first lieutenant; Milton Brown, second lieutenant; George K Martin, sergeant; Lindsay Cremens, drummer; and privates, Richard Beatty, Daniel H. Darling, J. N. Hoover, William Hilligas, John W. Laird, James Wykle, Andrew J. Wykle, are still living in the county. A second company raised at Berlin entered the same regiment, with the following officers: Capt. William H. Dunham, First Lieut. William A. Walden; Second Lieut. Benjamin H. Moore. Of its survivors John H. Horton, William Shumate, Thomas Snedegar and Robert Snedegar came back to this county, and the first two named still reside here. This regiment was mustered out in 1865. FOURTH THREE YEARS' COMPANY The fourth company to enter the three years' service was taken to West Virginia by Col. John J. Hoffman and mustered into the Second West Virginia Cavalry, of which Hoffman was made major. This company left Jackson September 17, 1861. A number of them had served under Captain Hoffman in Company I of the Eighteenth Ohio Volunteer Infantry, among them Emerson McMillen, Jefferson Howe, Nathaniel Hoover. Andrew and Murray McMillen and Columbus Weed were in the same company. The officers were Capt. David Dove, First Lieut. John Waldron, Second Lieut. James A. Murphy: Columbus Weed had three brothers in this company, Andrew J., Charles M. and William H., all sons of Gilbert Weed. THE HOFFMAN FAMILY The part played by the Hoffman family in the history of the county has been referred 'to, and it may be noted at this time that Maj. John J. Hoffman had buried his father a fortnight before he entered the HANGING ROCK IRON REGION - 465 three years' service. Daniel Hoffman died August 28, 1861, in his seventy-second year, for he was born January 18, 1790, at Woodstock, in Shenandoah County, Virginia. He served eighteen months in the War of 1812 and was in the army that marched to the relief of Fort Meigs. He settled in Jackson in 1816, married Julia James, daughter of Maj. John James and was engaged in business until 1859. He held many 'offices, was the director of the Town of Jackson, the first auditor, served in the Ohio House and was commissioner and clerk of courts.. Unlike many pioneers, he gave his sons a liberal education, and they succeeded him as leaders among men. THE FIFTY-THIRD REGIMENT The Fifty-third Regiment was organized at Jackson at a camp near Diamond Furnace, from which, it received its name. The first company from Athens arrived Tuesday, September 16, 1861.. H. C. Messenger organized a local company to enter this regiment. He was made captain ; Calvin D. Brooks, first lieutenant, and F. B. Gilbert, second lieutenant. James K. Hudson, living near Oak Hill, is one survivor of this company. It was known as Company D. Another company, F, was enlisted by J. R. Percy of Piketon, and Dr. C. K. Crumit was made first lieutenant and George W. Cavett second lieutenant. It was made ups largely of Jackson County men. Several enlisted in other companies, and there were more than 200. Jackson County men in this regiment. Martin Owens began to enlist men, but on December 12, 1861, they went to Portsmouth and entered the Fifty-sixth Regiment. The half company was combined with a Scioto County organization as Company K, with John Cook as captain; Martin Owens, first lieutenant, and William H. Peterson, second lieutenant. There were many other Jackson County men in the Fifty-sixth, in Companies A, C and E. The majority of these in Company C were Welshmen recruited largely at Jefferson Furnace. Of this number Richard T. Davis, Henry Richards and John H. Williams were killed at the battle of Champion Hill, May 16, 1863. Thomas J. Morris was killed on Red River, May 4, 1864, when escaping from a boat attacked by the Confederates. A very complete history of the Fifty-sixth Regiment was written by Lieut. !Thomas J. Williams in 1900, whose brother, John H. Williams, had been killed by his side. He had been honored by his party with two elections as" clerk of courts, and he was an elder in the Presbyterian Church of Jackson until his death. His army service extended, over four years, six months and eight days and he received three slight wounds. THE SHOWING BY TOWNSHIPS Many of the pioneers of Jackson County came from southern states, and it was only natural for some of them to sympathize with the seceding states. This had the effect of checking some of the enthusiasm for enlisting in the army, but Jackson County made a fair showing, for in Vol. I— 30 466 - HANGING ROCK IRON REGION 1861 it sent out 746 soldiers. Jefferson Township led with 148 men, Lick came second with 108 men, and Madison third with 104 men. Hamilton made the best showing according to its population, for it sent out fifty-three volunteers. Death soon began to take toll from so many, and the names of J. Louderback and Thomas Pierce of Captain Riley's company in the Thirtieth appeared in the list of dead December 26, 1861. John Coy, who was in Company I of the Eighteenth Regiment and came home safe, shot himself accidentally December 16, 1861, in Jackson and died a week later from his injury. The body of Sylvester Crabtree, of the Thirty-third, reached Jackson December 28th, and was taken to Scioto Township for burial. Milton Boggs, formerly of this county, was killed at Fort Donelson. Jacob Milhuff, of Colonel Dove's company, died at Guyandotte in February, 1862. Casabianca Hooton, aged seventeen years, died at Summerville, West Virginia, February 25. His body was sent home and was ten days on the road. John C. Evans of Company E of the Twenty-seventh died in a hospital at St. Louis, Missouri, February 26th. Thomas Holcomb of the Thirty-third came home sick and died March 29, aged twenty-one years. He was a son of Aaron N. Holcomb of Scioto. These deaths brought sorrow to individual families, but the county was not greatly agitated until April, 1862, when news began to arrive about the great battle of Pittsburg Landing. When the dailies announced that the Fifty-third Regiment, which had been organized at Jackson, ran at that battle, there was consternation. A public meeting was called at the Masonic Hall, Thursday evening, April 10th, which organized by making F. M. Keith, chairman; George W. Johnson, secretary, and George M. Adams, assistant. On motion of Moses Sternberger a committee of five was appointed to draw up resolutions. They were M. Sternberger, James Tripp, J. Edward Jones, John M. Martin and 'Davis Mackley. These resolutions were adapted by acclamation. They provided for sending a, committee at once to the battlefield to care for the wounded, and that not less than $200 be raised for the use of said committee. F. M. Keith, Dr. 0. C. Miller, George W. Johnson and Porter DuHadway were chosen to go to Pittsburg Landing. About $170 was raised by subscription and the county commissioners appropriated $150 more. The committee started April 11, accompanied by Edward Snyder, Sam Saylor, N. T. Cavett, R. K. Gilbert and Frank -Miller, but only. Doctor Miller, Keith and Cavett succeeded in getting farther than Cincinnati. The most notable man killed in the battle was Francis Smith, one of Jackson's. oldest soldiers. He was killed at the beginning of the battle, shot in the hand, breast and head, and his body was not found until the battle was over. He had served in Captain Hoffman's company in the Eighteenth and was then in his sixty-third year. He had been sick for several weeks before the battle. Dr. 0. C. Miller and N. T. Cavett were the first to return and Doctor Miller reported the deaths of Henry Edwards of Company D and Francis Smith and John Rose of Company F, together with some others. He also reported the deaths of Howell Howell and John Davis of Jefferson Township, who were in HANGING ROCK IRON REGION - 467 the Fifth Ohio Battery. Both were wounded April 6th and were carried to the boat at the landing by their brother, William H. Howell. Not receiving proper individual attention until they reached Cincinnati; both died. They lie buried side by side at Oak Hill. Doctor Miller and F. M. Keith later brought back a true version of the experiences of the Fifth-third and it was soon accepted that the Jackson companies had played their parts like men, and later in the war they wiped out the memory of Pittsburg Landing in many a battlefield. There were fifteen Jackson County men in the Fifth Battery, of whom Capt. R. H. Jones was the best known. Jones in writing of the battle said : "I may say here as a parting remark that the surprise of Gen. Grant's army was as complete a one as was ever effected." A few weeks later there died another old soldier, Rev. Isaac Brown, also of the Fifty-third. His death occurred at Pittsburg Landing and was due to camp disease. He was born in New York, June 14, 1801, and died May 4, 1862. He came to Jackson County when a young boy and was converted at a camp meeting on the farm of Peter Bunn in 1816. This meeting was conducted by Revs. Jacob Delay, Westlake and Page. Brown remained a churchman until his death. He opened one of the first mines at Jackson, and he was a leader in starting the Time Brown School. A. R. Eicher, of Messenger's company, died a week later at Camp Dennison, and Branson Dever, of the same regiment, died at his home at -Monroe, May 19, 1862. GREENBRIER SOLDIERS Early in the history of the county the men of' Greenbrier County, Virginia; invaded Ohio and learned of the Scioto Licks, and in later years many of them came back here as pioneers. Oddly enough, sons and grandsons of these pioneers, when they enlisted for the Civil war, were sent into the Greenbrier District, whence their ancestors had come, and Jackson County now played an important part in the battle of Lewisburg, May 23, 1862. Maj. John J. Hoffman, writing of the Union victory, said : "We lost 8 killed and 40 wounded. Of the killed were T. McCole, Gough and Samuel T. Simmons, and wounded Charles Wharton in the hand, Fred Wallace in the face, Jim O'Connor in the thigh, John Kelley in the hand, Bill Alton in the head, William Rose in the hand, John Laird in the foot, Jos. L. Anderson and Downey, but none severe. They are all from our county. I saw Capts. Walden and Dunham as they moved up and no men could have behaved better. Walden's company suffered most and when I came to them immediately after the fight they were all in fine spirits and eager to advance." S. S. Hawk, writing from Captain Dunham's company, said: "George Shearer was killed and Charles Martin, Levi Allen, Amos Marsh, A. Louderback, Peter McDonald, Milton Phillips, Isaac Ward, George Venters and James H. Yeager wounded." Allen died later. Milton Phillips was shot through the body with a .squirrel rifle by a citizen. The ball lodged against the skin in front and broke two of his 468 - HANGING ROCK IRON REGION ribs. He was shot in the beginning of the battle and walked nearly a mile to camp. Oddly enough this soldier recovered and lived until late in the year 1914. Harrison Radcliff, son of V. Radcliff, in Dun-ham's company, died of disease at Summerville, April 26, 1862. Other deaths were those of Chauncey Winchell, Benjamin Hale, of Company C, Two Hundred and Seventieth Volunteer Infantry, wounded at Ham-burgh, Mississippi, June 6th ; Calvin Brooks, of the Fifty-third, died September 20th ; and W. H. Burnside, of Colonel Dove's company, September 23d. THE NINETY-FIRST REGIMENT The Ninety-first Regiment was the next to secure a full company from Jackson County. It was organized in this congressional district. The Jackson County company had for its officers Capt. Levi M. Stephenson, First Lieut. L. A. Atkinson, Second Lieut. Jacob Thompson. Sergt. William Sell and Privates William H. Brunton, Robert Miller and Harrison Stephenson survive. There were many amusing incidents as well as tragedies in the course of the war, and a remarkable one was the Gallipolis scare, September 13, 1862, when the military committee of Gallia County called on Jackson for all its armed militia. The telegram came at 8 P. M. and twelve hours later a company of 100 men started from Jackson. By 9.30 P. M. some 490 men were approaching Gallipolis; and as many more arrived during the night. But there was no enemy and no welcome, and the 800 men had their excursion for nothing, except that it gave them a taste of war. MEN IN OTHER COMMANDS Recruiting for some of the older regiments took many Jackson County men into the war. In the summer and fall of 1862 Capt. Mendall Churchill took sixty-nine men from the county for the Twenty-seventh. Of these Obadiah Ervin and Henry M. Sharp are living. About the same time William A. Walden came home to receive men for the Thirty-sixth, then encamped at a point in Greenbrier. County, Virginia.. But it was easier to get men for new regiments, and Capt. W. J. Evans of Oak Hill enlisted a company for the One Hundred and Seventeenth Regiment in the first weeks of September, 1862. The other officers were First Lieut. J. S. Cadot and Second Lieut. William S. Martin. Lot Davis, who hired to be representative of his county, as Captain Evans had been, was first sergeant. Two of the corporals, Stephen J. Long and William W. Roberts, are living in Jackson yet. Other survivors are Jerry Crabtree, David J. Davis, Keith Hill, Miles Jones, Henry Jones, John E. Jones, Andrew J. Leonard, W, R. Melvin and John H. Nail. Anderson Lackey returned from the war and was murdered in after years at his farm, and three men, William and Luke Jones and Laban Stevens, were hanged for the crime. The One Hundred HANGING ROCK IRON REGION - 469 and Seventeenth had a Jackson man, F. M. Keith, for its lieutenant colonel. It left for the war October 25, 1862. The forty men who had enlisted in the Eighty-seventh Ohio Infantry for the three service came home Saturday, October 4, 1862. Of this number were Lieut. George W. Johnson, H. C. Miller and Uri S. Keith.. They underwent the experience of being captured at Harper's Ferry. The first men drafted in Jackson, numbering fifty-eight, were taken to Camp Portsmouth, October 7, 1862. Of this number thirty-seven were from one township, Scioto. Many of the leading citizens of this township had been opposed to the war and this opposition had reduced the normal enlistment, making such large draft necessary. Abaut this time J. W. Dickason of the Fifty-sixth died. at St. Louis and William Brooks of the Second West Virginia Cavalry died at Gallipolis. An army from Cumberland Gap retreated into this county in October 1862, and went into camp at Oak Hill. Gen. George W. Morgan was in command. While they were encamped there they were visited by the noted Parson Brownlow on October 21st, and he made them a speech. His son was in one of the regiments. A private of the Third Kentucky Regiment was shot in a quarrel at Oak Hill, Sunday, October 26th, and died October 28th. About the middle of September, 1862, Benjamin Trago recruited about thirty men for the Seventh Ohio Cavalry. They went to Camp Portsmouth, where they stayed five weeks and were then ordered to Camp Ripley in Brown County, Ohio, where they remained many weeks. Of these thirty men three survive, David D. Edwards, Harriso Poore and John H. Shumate. THE ANDREWS RAIDERS The fate of the Andrews raiders, hanged in 1862, has excited the sympathy of many. John Wollam of the Thirty-third, captured with them, was a son of Balser Wollam of Jackson. A letter written by him after his escape was published in the Standard and some portions of it deserve to be preserved here : "Nashville, Tenn., Dec. 8, 1862. Dear Father. You Wanted to know all. about my being a prisoner. I will tell you. On the 7th of April twenty-four of us started from Shelbyville to Chattanooga with the intention of destroying the railroad. From Chattanooga we went to Marietta, Georgia, about 138 miles by railroad. Next morning we proceeded a distance further where we found 2,700 rebels. We took up a rail which checked their pursuit. We were about five minutes too late. Our engine ran out of wood and water when we had to leave it and take to the woods. After a time we were all taken. Our leading man was J. J. Andrews. He was tried as a spy and condemned to be hung on the next Saturday. He and I went to work to get out of jail. We worked all day Sunday and at daylight on Monday we had a hole cut through the wall. They caught Andrews on Wednesday and they hung 470 -HANGING ROCK IRON REGION him on the 7th day of June. On the 18th of the same month they hung some more of the boys. After staying in jail for months expecting any day we would be taken out and hung we concluded once more to try to make our escape. After being out 33 days, I got to Corinth, Mississippi, and from that place I reached my regiment. "JOHN WOLLAM." A small squad of about forty men from Jackson and Liberty townships went to Chillicothe to be mustered into the Seventy-third Regiment of Ohio Volunteers. They were put in Capt. Silas Irwin's company, and nearly all of them were wounded, several fatally, or were ill in the service. They went with their regiment to Gettysburg and in that battle Isaac Willis, James Ray and Elisha Leake were killed, and Enoch M. Detty and Benjamin Fitzgerald received wounds from which they died afterward. William Burns was killed at Kenesaw Mountain. William Radcliff, Alexander Speakman and Jacob Sigler died in hospital, and James P. Wellman died of wounds. This squad lost a larger per cent of its number than any other body of Jackson County men in the service, and after the war the Grand Army post at Limerick was named in honor of Isaac Willis, killed at Gettysburg. A much more fortunate squad was that which enlisted in the One Hundred and Twenty-ninth Regiment under Capt. Oliver S. Miller. There were thirty-two in all and their service did not bring so many great trials. Several still survive, the most widely known of whom is John W. Hank, a distant relative of Abraham Lincoln, who has been chorister of the Ohio Grand Army for many years, or since 1905, and is known to thousands of soldiers who attend national reunions. THE MORGAN RAID IN JACKSON COUNTY The most momentous event of the war in Jackson was the retreat of Gen. John Morgan of the Confederate army. His advance guard entered the town about 10 o'clock Thursday night, July 17, 1863. Their coming had been anticipated and the people were prepared in a way. No resistance was offered. The Confederates found a number of people assembled and all the men found were taken prisoners and marched to the fair ground, where they were kept over night. The main body of the army arrived in the early morning, and about 10 o'clock they began to move on, for they knew that the Union troops were closing in to overcome them. They divided their forces, one division taking the Berlin Road, and they were attacked at that village and two or more of Morgan's men were wounded. One of them was left behind. In retaliation they burned the mill of Rufus Hunsinger & Co. A smaller division went out by the Gallipolis Road, and some stragglers following it murdered a farmer named Harvey Hamilton Burris. He, with some others, had been observing the movements of the division, and thinking all had passed on, he came out into the road, when the stragglers came upon him. Their excuse for killing him was the finding of a small pistol HANGING ROCK IRON REGION - 471 concealed upon his person. Burris was the only man killed by the raiders, but they shot at William McGhee at Berlin and shot down his horse under him. They claimed that they had mistaken his cane for a gun. A squad of four raiders rode as far south as Camba and stole a horse from Sheriff John M. Jones in front of the B. B. Evans store. They stole many horses. in the county and carried away much valuable property. Their wanton acts caused the destruction or damage of much other property, for they burned the station at Jackson, rifled the stores, scattered goods on the ground and committed many acts of vandalism notwithstanding their short stay in the county. The most signal act of vandalism was the destruction of the office of the Standard, which was forced to discontinue publication until September 3, 1863. There were many southern sympathizers in the county and the belief is that this act was urged by some of them in revenge upon Davis Mackley, the editor, whose outspoken editorials had caused much feeling. It was claimed that General Morgan had guides who piloted him through the county and furnished him information about all the citizens. Union troops arrived in Jackson within a few hours after the raiders had passed on, and some of them destroyed the office of the Express, which was the democratic organ of the county. Treasurer Thomas B. Dickason carried away all the money in the treasury July 17th, and hid it in a briar patch on a hill east of town while the raiders remained in the county. Many other deeds of the kind were made possible on account of the haste of the raiders to 'move on. But notwithstanding the nonresistance of the people, a heavy loss was inflicted upon the county. The military committee took testimony in August, 1863, and found the losses to be more than $53,000, not including the damage done to the *railroad. The individual suffering the greatest loss was Rufus Hunsinger, principal owner of the mill at Berlin. His loss was more than $5,000. The destruction of the office of the Standard created much sympathy for its editor, and upon the whole his loss may be said to have been his gain, for the Union soldiers rallied to his support and remained loyal supporters until his death in 1887. The Express resumed publication a few weeks before the Standard and the warfare of the two papers continued more bitter than ever. About a month after the raid, August 11, 1863, there died Samuel G. Montgomery, one of the original abolitionists of the county, one of the men mobbed when a meeting was broken up by rioters in the '40s. Montgomery was a son-in-law of George L. Crookham. Dr. Clem Baker enlisted about twenty colored men for the Fifth United States Colored Troops early in September, 1863, and they started for the war September 7th. This was the first body of negroes to enlist in this county. TIE DEATH ROLL The death roll was growing rapidly now, and the following names were added during the summer and fall of 1863: Daniel Phillips, Levi Allen, Terry Russell, Mason Brown, William Perkins, Asahel 472 - HANGING ROCK IRON REGION Downey, Samuel T. Simmons, Nelson Pennell, Alonzo Deal, Samuel Elderkin, David C. West, Joseph A. Hunt ; a nephew of Joseph Armstrong, first director of Jackson ; Charles Martin, grandson of John Martin, the salt boiler, killed in battle in Tennessee. Major Adney of the Thirty-sixth reported the following casualties in Companies D and K that occurred October 19th and 20th and October 24th and 25th at Chickamauga and near Chattanooga: Company D—Killed, Sergt. Charles Martin, Privates Andrew Black and George Oiler; wounded, Sergeant Seay, slightly; Sergeant Parks, flesh wound in hips, severely; Corporal Schadel, mortally; Corporals Hanna, Lambert and Radabaugh, slightly ; Privates Schulter, J. Hawk, L. Ankenny and J. Gilliland. Company K—Wounded, C. K. Cherrington, M. Fullerton, W. S. Mapes, J. West. Others dead were Benjamin Hale, Isaac J. Jones, William Dixon and Adam Gotschall. On December. 10, 1863, the Standard published the following casualties in the Thirty-sixth : Company K—Rufus Mapes, killed;; Hugh B. Weaver, John McFadden and Ozias Cherrington, mortally wounded; Fred Wallace, John R. Waller, William Vandivort, Caleb Cherrington, John Franklin, Levi Murray, wounded. These occurred at the battle of Lookout Mountain. Ozias Cherrington's wound was not severe after all, but Murray died, making four fatalities. Lieut. Col. F. M. Keith wrote January 29, 1864: "At Chattanooga I met with our friend Dr. Dunham, who came to look after Sanford Bundy, who was injured some time since, being struck in the back by a piece of shell." He was the only son of Hon. H. S. Bundy, and his injury finally caused his death. RECRUITING ON AN ENLARGED SCALE In the spring of 1864 re-enlisting, recruiting and volunteering began in the county on a larger scale than in previous years. By April 21st the county had credit for 211 re-enlisted men, the largest number from any one county in Southern Ohio in its vicinity with the exception of Scioto, and it had only 213. On Monday, May 2, 1864, two companies of volunteer militia commanded by Samuel White and T. J. Evans reported at Jackson ready for service. Of the first company Captain White, Johnson Wade, John McCartney and Jerome Behem survive. The survivors of Company B are S. E. Evans, William Claar, Oscar Weed, Stewart Cherrington, A. D. Edwards, W. H. Horton, G. W. Gilliland, H. Horton, James Mayhew, John Mercer, William Spriggs, Gaston Stuffier, Harrison Schellenger, G. W. Schellenger, Judson Weed and William Cummings. Company A was mustered into the service at Gallipolis May 16th, and Company B May 14th, for 100 days' service in the One Hundred and Seventy-second Regiment. They were mustered out August 24, 1864. On June 28, 1864, a telegram came to Jackson from Maj. John J. Hoffman,' reading thus : "Killed by an accidental explosion of gunpowder, Scott Gard, Benjamin Prim and three others of Co. "II near HANGING ROCK IRON REGION - 473 Salem, Va. Joseph Harding killed by bushwhackers Monday morning, June 26,, this side of Lewisburg. Loss in 2nd W. Va. Cavalry since May 1st, 13 killed, 33 wounded." Gard and Harding were citizens of Jackson. Lieut. S. D. Morgan began recruiting a company at Oak Hill in August, 1864, and recruiting meetings were held at various points in the county the same month. Lieut. Coleman Gillilan recruited a second company, Lieut. David J. Jenkins recruited about 'seventy Welshmen in three days, and Lieuts. G. W. Helphenstein and Hanna secured a number, nine negroes joining Hanna. More than 400 men volunteered under the last call up to September 8, 1864. Some of these men went into the One Hundred and Seventy-third Regiment, but the majority went with the One Hundred and Seventy-ninth Regiment. The company of Captain Jenkins was sent to Nashville and some failure to provide for their encampment resulted in much exposure during winter and much sickness resulted. Four deaths occurred before the holidays, those of John W. Jones, Thomas C. D. Davis, Enoch E. Morgan and John M. Jones. The last company in the county was recruited by W. W. Buckley of Franklin and was mustered in as Company K of the One Hundred and Ninety-fourth Regiment at Columbus, in March, 1865. William C. Lewis of this company died at a hospital at Frederick, Maryland, April 9, 1865. FIRST OHIO HEAVY ARTILLERY The regiment that had the largest number of Jackson County men was the first Ohio Heavy Artillery, organized in the summer of 1863, but first organized as the One Hundred and Seventeenth in September, 1862, and Capt. William J. Evans company has already been mentioned. The larger regiment had the following officers from Jackson County : Lieut. Col. F. M. Keith, Majs. R. W. Caldwell and H. L. Barnes, Chaplain Jacob Delay, Adjutant W. S. Martin, Capts. W. J. Evans and James H. Cadot, Lieuts. Sam Saylor, Joseph Jeffries, Joseph Rule, Clinton D.' Evans, Lot Davis, David Delay, Uri S. Keith, H. C. Miller and James Martin. The number of men altogether were : Company A, 99 ; Company D, 28 ; Company H, 120; Company K, 9. Total, 256. Total officers and men, 275. The following died in the service : James Winters, David Crabtree, John S. Jones, Parkinson Shumate, W. W. McCune, William Brooks, John W. Donahey, Amos Garnett, Moses Hawkins, Harrison Toland, George W. Ross, W. W. Tanner, Edwin H. Fulton. SECOND WEST VIRGINIA CAVALRY Two companies of Jackson County men went with the Second West Virginia Cavalry, the first of which has been noted under Col. David Dove, and another later in the war under Capt. J. A. Smith. The minor 474 - HANGING ROCK IRON REGION officers of this company included at different times J. W. Ricker, Milton McMillen, S. S. Hawk, Martin Cramer, Emerson McMillan and William J. Kirkendall. A. number of the men of this regiment were killed in the service, viz. : G. W. Hale, Scott Gard, W. A. Garvin, W. B. Hutchinson, Marion McMillen, James H. Smith,. Ben Prim, George A. Simpson, Griffy Zin and Josiah Harding. Others who died in the service were Jacob Milhuft, William Brooks, Andrew Weed, who was one of the nine sons of Gilbert Weed of Franklin in the army ; Samuel Claar, John Hurley, Ripley James, H. Burnsides, Jonas Smith, John- Collard, William Dawson, David Smith and Elias J. Moreland. ADDITIONAL DEATH ROLL No complete roster of Jackson County's dead soldiers has been compiled, but the following additional names are registered here : Hiram J. Elderkin, Levi Spriggs, Louis J. Stevison, Levi: Carter, Henry Downey, John Venters, Capt. H. C. Messenger of the Fifty-third, who died April 26, 1863 ; Thomas R. Hatton, Leonard Hooten, Almond Hall, Peter Pyles, Daniel Yorian, Jr., David Dillinger, Sylvanus Goff, Smith Stephenson, Jr., Spencer Cherrington, Caleb Cherrington, John H. Tilley, William Stockham, H. Toland; Eli Neff, Jehiel Gilliland, Charles Liff, Azariah Davis, James Gilmore, Thomas McCartney, Loamma Rigdon, John Wilson, Stephen Huntley, David Irwin, Adam Fellers, Harvey Miller, Edwin S. Parks, Luther Parks, Lewis D. Jones, Hopkins Hopkins. Many of the soldiers came home at the expiration of service in 1864, and they came more rapidly after the surrender of Lee and the end of the war. A great festival or soldiers' dinner was given in their honor September 13, 1865, which was the first soldiers' reunion held in the county. In after years these county reunions became great annual feasts in Southern Ohio. Many separate regimental organizations sprang into existence also, some of which still survive. Posts of the Grand Army of the Republic were organized in many of the townships, and that named in honor of Francis Smith at Jackson and that organized in honor of James H. Smith of Wellston still survive. TOTAL NUMBER OF ENLISTMENTS The total number of soldiers that enlisted in the Union army from Jackson County has not been ascertained, but the names of 2,266 have been secured, distributed as follows : Lick, 275 ; Hamilton, 172 ; Jackson, 100; Scioto, 128 ; Franklin, 232 ; Jefferson, 358 ; Madison, 240 ; Milton, 246; Liberty, 192 ; Bloomfield, 232; Washington, 90. It is believed that many more should be credited to Jackson Township, and a few to Scioto and Washington. Hamilton sent the largest per cent. There developed much opposition to the war in Jackson, Liberty and Scioto townships, as well as in Eastern Lick, and a few men from these townships went into the Confederate army, together with a small squad from the various furnaces in Madison and Bloomfield, but the entire number did not .head