History


of


Northeastern Ohio


by


JOHN STRUTHERS STEWART


IN THREE VOLUMES


ILLUSTRATED


VOLUME ONE - TWO - THREE


HISTORICAL PUBLISHING COMPANY

INDIANAPOLIS. IND.


1935



Preface


The purpose of this work is to relate the history of the eight counties which constitute a geographical unit, occupying the northeastern corner of Ohio, and extending from Lake Erie to the Ohio River. Five of these counties lie wholly within the Connecticut Western Reserve. One, Mahoning, is partly in the. Reserve and partly out of it. The southern two lie wholly without the Reserve, but have political and economic relations which naturally unite them with the rest.


Particular attention has been paid to the development of the early settlements from which these counties grew to greatness. This early period is fascinating in itself, and most important historically. Ohio is the gateway to the West, and the Ohio pioneers were the fathers of those later pioneers who found their way by successive stages, first to the Mississippi, then on to the Rocky Mountains, and finally to the Pacific, and thus made the Republic secure and great.


Not enough is yet on record concerning the early struggle for existence of the Ohio pioneers, the making of a state. These men were cast in a heroic mould, and the result of their struggle is worthy of them. The plan of this book is to tell their story first, and then to develop the narrative down through the lives of their descendants, concluding with an attempt at a description of the great industrial empire which grew out of the pioneer beginnings.


It would not be possible to give credit to the many sources from which this material has been drawn. Years of travel over the countryside, of reading original narratives, family records, local histories, of conversation with old settlers,


iii


HISTORY OF NORTHEASTERN OHIO


even of wandering through old graveyards, have gone into the making of this book. Within the limited space of these covers it has been necessary to condense the information available, to relate only a few of the many incidents to be found, to use those which seem to be most useful in developing the logical continuity of the story.


It has been a labor of love. The writer, in his humble fashion, has always been an observer of men and manners. It is an especial privilege to have been permitted to place in a permanent record some part of the story of those people to whom he belongs; to celebrate the deeds of his neighbors and their ancestors. He feels a just pride in the record of those people from whom he descended, and makes no apology for having written a book in their praise.


Thanks are due to many people. The unfailing courtesy which has met him everywhere, is a pleasant thing to remember. The public libraries of Northeastern Ohio, especially are deserving of the highest praise, not only for the efforts which have been made in all of them to preserve the records of our people, but also for the kindness of the librarians and attendants toward the wayfarer seeking knowledge. The writer is convinced that the public libraries of our state are the most valuable educational institutions we have, next to the public schools.


There is no guarantee that this book is errorless. No historian worthy of the name dares to say that he is infallible. In every instance the best evidence available has been consulted, but even then error may have crept in. This is true, that great care has been exercised to see to it that no name has been blackened on insufficient evidence. Doubtless the work is colored by the racial and political prejudices of the writer, but he is inclined to flatter himself with the belief that those who read the book to a great extent share those prejudices, and will look on the work with kindly eyes.


iv


HISTORY OF NORTHEASTERN OHIO


In planning the historical portion of the work, as distinguished from the biographical, it seemed to the writer that the story naturally subdivided itself into five chronological periods, and this plan has been followed in the writing. The county divisions have been altered so many times, and the agricultural, political, and especially the industrial development have so generally failed to contain themselves within county lines, that the separate county histories have necessarily to a great extent been neglected, in order to retain the natural unities. County boundaries in Ohio are largely artificial, and the population has refused to be restrained by them in the progress of the state. In fact, at times it has been necessary to go beyond the boundaries of the _eight counties, and even of the state itself, in order to carry out the logical sequence of the story.


The writer hopes for a kindly reception. Most of the work has been done while carrying on the duties of classroom school work. No claim is made to literary genius. He only seeks the reputation of a faithful chronicler. Too much praise may be given to the people of the story. The only excuse for this, if excuse there be, is that they are his people, and he loves them.


John Struthers Stewart

The Rayen School

Youngstown, Ohio.

March the twenty-first,

Nineteen Hundred Thirty-five.




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INDEX VOLUME I



33 50 75
100 125 150 175
200 225 250 275
300 325 350 375
400 425 450 475
500 525 550 575
600 625 650 675
700 725 750 775
800 825 850 875
900 925 950 975
1000 1025 1050 1075




v


Table of Contents


BOOK I


INDIAN, FRENCHMEN AND ENGLISHMEN

Chapter I—The Land

Chapter II—Indian Days

Chapter III—Frenchmen versus Englishmen

Chapter IV—The West to Close of the Revolution

33

35

41

46

BOOK II


THE NORTHWEST TERRITORY

Chapter I—Making the Territory

Chapter II—Building the Territory

Chapter III—The Connecticut Land Company

Chapter IV—The Southern Settlements

Chapter V—The Lake Settlements

Chapter VI—Original Trumbull County

Chapter VII—South of the Western Reserve

53

60

68

79

93

98

116

BOOK III


FROM STATEHOOD TO THE CLOSE OF WAR OF 1812

Chapter I—A State is Born

Chapter II—Mahoning Valley Settlements—Warren and Vicinity

Chapter III—Mahoning Valley Settlements—Youngstown

Chapter IV—Beginnings of Iron Manufacture

Chapter V—Lake Settlements

Chapter VI—Original Columbiana County

Chapter VII—The War of 1812

Chapter VIII—Transportation—Canals and Railroads

125

133

149

163

172

181

191

204

vii


HISTORY OF NORTHEASTERN OHIO


BOOK IV


FROM THE CLOSE OF THE WAR OF 1812 TO THE BEGINNING

OF THE CIVIL WAR PERIOD

 

Chapter I—Organization of the Counties

Chapter II—Life Broadens in the Reserve

Chapter III—Trumbull County

Chapter IV—Mahoning County

Chapter V—Ashtabula County

Chapter VI—Geauga and Lake Counties

Chapter VII—Portage County

Chapter VIII—Columbiana County

Chapter IX—Stark County

217

221

232

246

260

279

303

314

330

BOOK V


THE CIVIL WAR PERIOD

 

 

Chapter I—Opening of the Conflict

Chapter II—Governor David Tod

Chapter III—Northeastern Ohio in the Civil War

Chapter IV—Military Leaders of Northeastern Ohio

Chapter V—Morgan and Vallandigham

Chapter VI—Benjamin Franklin Wade

Chapter VII—James Abram Garfield

39

344

354

364

371

379

385

BOOK VI


AN EMPIRE OF INDUSTRY

Chapter I—Changing Scene

Chapter II—William McKinley

Chapter III—First Phase of the Iron Empire

Chapter IV—Second Phase of the Iron Empire

Chapter V—Commercial and Social Development of the Mahoning Valley

Chapter VI—Modern Development of the Lake Settlements

Chapter VII—The World War

Appendix

Biographical Section

397

402

416

429

441

461

470

481

499





viii


Biographical Index


Adams, Fred W. 635

Adams, Norman Whittlesey 624

Adgate, Frank H. 667

Agler, Benjamin L. 658

Agnew, Hon. Frank 615

Ainsley, Wayne F. 920

Aker, Harry C. 793

Andrus, Forrest N. 966

Andrus, John Henry 923

Argetsinger, James Cameron 868

Arnold, John J. 532

Atkinson, G. F. 811

Avison, 0. M. 841



Babcock, Earl C. 939

Babcock, Frank Lee 958

Baldine, Joseph J. 705

Baldwin, Arthur M., M. D. 881

Barnes, 0. R. 725

Barnum, Hon. William Payne, Jr. 522

Barrett, Delbert S. 955

Barton, Frank W. 552

Barton, G. M. 596

Baumbach, A. H. 737

Bay, George 975

Beckenbach, Henry P. 601

Behm, Jesse C. 985

Benedict, Elden Victor 612

Bennett, James Eugene 594

Benson, Jerry S. 1029

Bishop, George S. 866

Bjorson, G. A. 844

Blackmer, Nile D., D. D. S. 572

Blackstone, Gordon 851

Blair, Earl M. 1046

Blake, Lisle K. 731

Blake, Sherman J. 749

Bloomgren, George S. 1084

Blumenstiel, Jesse Bernard 785

Bolard, W. H. 891

Bonham, S. J. 680

Booth, Paul L. 553

Bowen, Alice Katharine 641

Brainard, George C. 520

Braunbern, E. H. 607

Brophy, John E. 734

Brown, Marie Tracy 629

Browne, James H. 1027

Browning, Mary C., M. D. 907

Buchanan, David L. 921

Burgstaller, A. L. 609

Burkey, A. A. 864

Burroughs, Shepard H., M. D. 972

Buss, H. A. 739

Butler, Henry A. 557

Butler, Joseph G., Jr. 559

Butler, R. Clyde 1096

Button, Andrew L. 599


Calaway, C. E. 903

Callan, Henry J. 1043

Campbell, E. A. 870

Cannon, James W. 626

Cantwell, John F., Jr. 642

Cantwell, John F., Sr. 828

Caplan, Lozier 1072

Carter, Joseph H. 1030

Chamberlin, Charles I. 1004

Champion Hardware Company, Ashtabula 1006

Childs, Clifford A. 638

Clifford, Richard V., M. D. 942

Coles, Edwin A. 784

Collen, Morton V. 886

Connell, Laurence A., M. D. 653

Cook, Robert M., D. D. S. 900

Cooper, Hon. John Gordon 1094

Cope, Hon. Harvey D. 643


ix


HISTORY OF NORTHEASTERN OHIO


Court, Wallace 968

Cox, Ralph 663

Cramer, B. F. 696

Crawford, Leonard 918

Creamer, John Edward 1085

Crowe, J. Gordon 758

Cunningham, A. Murray, III. 583


Dana, Lynn B. 892

Dana, William H. 894

Dana's Musical Institute 895

Daniels, Harold Upham 1060

Daniels, Lyle F. 990

Daniels, Willard J. 986

Davidson, Daniel A. 722

Davies, William I. 606

Davis, L. G. 845

Davis, Ward W. 1063

Defendeifer, Benjamin Franklin 567

Denton, Thomas G. 1055

Dewey, Carl W., M. D. 887

Dickson, Orr A., M. D. 723

Dillon, John P. 564

Dilworth, Mrs. Jessie K. 1065

Donaldson, Lester W. 941

Dowd, David D. 794

Doxsie, Charles J. 882


Eberley, J. C. 842

Edgar, Samuel George 1090

Elliott, R. S. 676

Elser, Ralph E. 924

Ertle, Edward M. 796

Evans, G. Taylor 565

Evans, Mason 518

Evans, Thomas W. 625


Farrell, John J. 536

Faulkner, Enoch 789

Fillinger, W. A. 639

Flower, W. H. 898

Flynn, Frank E. 1076

Ford, Albert James 630

Ford, John Quincy Tandy 645

Fordyce, George Lincoln 555

Forward, Donald DeKlyn, M. D. 927

Fowler, Harold C. 742

Fox, Maurice Arthur 767

Franz, Edwin F. 965

Fusco, P. J., M. D. 1083


Gardner, Harold I. 827

Gardner, Paul S. 772

Gayton, Oscar Francis 549

Gensler, Edwin H. 574

Gessner, Hon. George H. 508

Gilliam, C. E. 1035

Goeppinger, E. M. 832

Gongwer, Earle Franklin 947

Goodwin, Leroy 505

Gorby, Henry Clifford 781

Gordon, T. Roy 588

Goshen Township High School 1039

Graybill, Emmett Davies 1087

Greenawalt, O. Earl 514

Greenwood, Roswell E. 860

Griffith, Isaac D. 850

Griffiths, Fred M. 538

Gross, Donald A., M. D. 694

Grullemans, John James 950

Guraly, John 994

Gutknecht, William J. 523


Hagstrom, Rev. Ray G. 807

Hahn, F. Rollin 515

Hahn, H. H., M. D. 517

Hall, Robert E. 775

Hardman, Roy S. 628

Harris, Seward, M. D. 1064

Harrold, Harvey J. 778

Harshman, C. W. 1092

Hart, William 945

Hartwell, F. L. 719

Harvey, Walter Sidney 660

Haynes, David Clyde 618

Heasley, William P. 831

Heitger, Leo F. 797

Heller, Ernest C. 706

Henderson, Al L. 591

Hess, Robert McLain 806

Hill, Harry 0. 884

Hillyer, B. M. 640

Hoffman, Robert G. 790

Holeton, Charles R. 846

Holloway, Bert 908

Holloway, James C. 910


x


HISTORY OF NORTHEASTERN OHIO


Horst, Andrew 727

Howald, Adrian P. 787

Howard, Thomas Edison 1009

Huff, Charles Christopher 988

Hughes, Alfred R. 821

Hughes, John Milton 1100

Hull, Lewis E. 1018

Hutchman, Paul E. 1066


Ingersoll, Allen Joseph, M. D. 1036

Ingersoll, Raymond G. 1109


James, David R. 652

Jenkins, Berkley E. 1113

Jenkins, Hon. David Gottlieb 501

Jensen, Magnus L. 801

Job, George A. 656

Johns, J. Edward 804

Johnson, Hugh Grant 769

Johnson, Hon. Joe E. 764

Johnson, Nils P. 1033

Johnson, Smith M. 765

Johnson, Walter O. R. 1045

Jones, David E. 613

Jones, Hon. Paul 1082

Jones, W. E. 840


Kallay, Charles 982

Kallay, James 979

Kallay, Jennings 981

Kallay, Joseph 1020

Kallay, Paul 978

Kallay, Steve 980

Kane, Arthur J. 728

Karhu, Heikki 1001

Keeney, Glenn D. 872

Kennedy, David F. 1040

Kenworthy, Howard 1003

Kenworthy, Richard A., Jr. 1015

Kerr, E. J. 813

Kesler, Carl C. 573

Kline, Zenas C. 670

Klinko, Andrew S. 859

Kloss, G. L., D. D. S. 833

Knappenberger, M. T., M. D. 809

Knowles, H. Ward 993

Koeppe, J. F. 1117

Kostik, Rev. Joseph L. 575

Kramer, James J. 692

Krispinsky, Rev. Joseph A. 889

Kunkel, Henry E. 834

Kyle, Emery G., M. D. 853


Ladvala, A. Elmer 1007

Lake Erie College, Painesville 959

Lamb, Venice J. 548

Lampson, Edward Chester 862

Lane, J. B. 685

Lang, Francis H. 783

Lawrence, Edward E. 1002

Lawrence, E. E., Jr. 1008

Leighninger, Jesse H. 535

Lewis, George P. 546

Liber, Jacob Wayne 708

Liber, W. C. 710

Liimakka, Arvo G. 1014

Lippman, Fred Daniel 753

Lipsanen, Rev. Gabriel 998

Locker, James R. 946

Long, C. G. 1042

Lyon, Hon. John Henry Chalmer 510


MacLean, Fred M. 930

MacLean, R. D. 682

McBerty, Fred P. 1058

McBride, Raymond A. 581

McClurkin, James L., D. D. S. 926

McCully, Albert E. 1115

McCurley, B. G., M. D. 912

McElwee, Ellsworth, D. V. M. 890

McEvoy, Marcus V. 717

McFarland, J. D. 669

McKelvey, Emery L. 879

McKelvey, George M. 877

McKelvey, Lucius B. 876

McKinley Memorial Library, Niles 931

McMorris, James W. 867

McNair, Kenneth 815

McNicol, Neil C. 774

McVicker, Judge Dewey B. 825

Maag, William Frederick 1053

Magee, Hall R. 814

Mahoning Valley Industrial Council 602

Maiden, Hon. E., Jr. 503

Mainey. J. Henry 971


xi


HISTORY OF NORTHEASTERN OHIO


Manderbaugh, Ira A. 1079

Mateer, Ralph F. 1088

Mathews, Earl W. 810

Mears, Frank E. 683

Medbury, Frank B. 1048

Merrick, Fred H. 974

Miller, John Howard 744

Miller, Mark E. 735

Mills, A. M., M. D. 904

Mills, Howard A. 839

Miskall, Edward Winfield, M. D. 1062

Moidel, Mitchel 655

Montgomery, George M. 524

Montgomery, M. Louis 730

Moore, Hon. Mark E. 854

Moreland, Addison D. 1099

Morrison, J. Homer 1080

Morton, David R. 843

Moss, Robert R. 668

Mounts, Wallace H. 830

Moury, R. H. 897

Mulholland, Hon. Peter B. 528

Munsell, Justus F. 956

Munson, W. S. 874

Myerovich, Max A. 530

Myers, R. W. 836


Nadler, Murray A. 551

Naylor, L. R. 741

Nazor, Howard M. 902

Nicolette, Guy L., D. D. S. 1078

Niles Fire Brick Co. 1050

Nist, Joseph T. 1108


Ohio Pail Company, Middlefield 761

Oriel, J. C. 919

Orlando, Maurice 826

Osborne, Clyde W. 543

Ostrander, Ralph M. 1097


Patella, Anthony Francis 568

Painesville Congregational Church 911

Park, Edgar Allan 943

Park, James H., M. D. 716

Parsons, Hartley C. 762

Paul, Harold A. 792

Pelat, William 977

Peters, William J. 745

Phillips, William Richard 1074

Plahy, A. E., D. D. S. 750

Pollock, Porter 529

Pollock, S. H. 848

Pollock, William B. 541

Pollock, William Browning II. 540

Poole, R. W. 771

Popescu, P. C. 589

Porter, Mrs. Julia R. 857

Porter, Paul 1089

Poulson, L. E. 838

Powell, K. H. 622

Powell, William J. 1052

Powers, Franklin B. 562

Pritchard, Allen E. 1022


Rapley, Herbert B. 748

Reed, Hudson W., Jr. 712

Reese, F. W. 780

Reilly, William C. 935

Reinhardt, Gustav Adolph 754

Rendinell, Dominic Francis 571

Rendrick, John 0. 997

Renner, E. A. 539

Renner, George J., Jr. 545

Revennaugh, H. Virgil 707

Reynolds, Roy Rex, M. D. 800

Richards, N. M.1032

Richards, O. M. 715

Riley, John D. 746

Rinehart, Edward Clifton, M. D. 1026

Roberts, Hon. J. Eugene 533

Robinson, Charles Snelling 1070

Roemer, Henry A. 506

Rooney, Edward 952

Rose, Chester W. 901

Rose, John H. 700

Rose, Thad C. 738

Rosensteel, J. H. 687

Ruffalo, John 674


Sargent, Hon. Charles R. 905

Sawyer, J. W., D. D. S. 679

Scofield, Charles, M. D. 569

Schofield, F. R. 760

Scholz, Robert C. 672

Schultz, Elmer H. 949

Seidner, J. Ralph 1102


xii


HISTORY OF NORTHEASTERN OHIO


Selkirk, Edward 929

Shaw, John M. 608

Sheehan, P. J. 1049

Sheehy, Daniel 938

Shriver, Charles E. 610

Small, Vivian Blanche 1057

Smith, Hon. Charles Frank 690

Smith, Dudley C. 693

Smith, L. J. 768

Smith, Tom L. 733

Snyder, A. A. 852

Snyder, Ford 709

St. Clair, Abe 751

Stephenson, A. J. 1038

Stewart, Earl S. 703

Stewart Family of Hubbard 697

Stewart, Gould 673

Stewart, Lawrence M. 701

Stiver, Charles H. 698

Stiver, George T. 689

Strausser, R. A. 1116

Sumner, C. W. 1068

Sutch, Stephen 1013

Suter, J. Paul 561

Swager, James H. 1034


Talbot, George D. 756

Talcott, Alonzo H. 720

Taylor, W. C. 835

Thomas, Charles S. 499

Thomas, Clinton G. 637

Thomas, Homer 678

Thrasher, Ethel L. (Johnson) 759

Thrasher, Ray K. 757

Tidd, C. C., M. D. 713

Tisher, H. W. 837

Tobin, Louis 883

Todd, Cecil B. 991

Totterdale, W. Grainger, M. D. 812

Tout, Fred H. 675

Trachsel, R. E. 1071

Trainor, Rev. Joseph N. 512

Trescott, Samuel 1011

Tripcony, Francis A. 802

Tuuri, Matt 1012


Ullman, Carl W. 578


Walsh, George R. 580

Walsh, William J. 577

Warren, Rev. Willis A. 953

Warrick, Harry C. 776

Weaton, Charlotte E. 1074

Welsh, J. W. 665

Wenner, William E. 915

Wey, John J. 969

Wheeler, Daniel H. 1017

Wheeler, Don A. 983

Wheeler, George M. 582

White, Ralph P. 621

White, W. J. 647

Whittaker, Paul E. 650

Wick, David H. 633

Williams, David H. 600

Williams, Jesse R. 597

Willo, John A. 1103

Wilson, James Preston 586

Wilson, Richard B. 585

Wisman, H. P. 914

Withers, Jacob H. 605

Woods, E. Clyde 619

Woodside, Hon. Clifford M. 526

Wright, William F. 995

Wylde, Harry S. 940


Yarger, Clarence W. 648

Young Men's Christian Association, Youngstown 592

Zipf, E. W. 1025


xiii


Historical Index


Abbott, David 129

Act of Renouncement 481

Ada Furnace 419

Agriculture 315

Algonquin tribes 35

Allegheny River 44

Alliance 338

American Distinguished Service Cross 492

Andover, Ashtabula County 276

Andrews, Chauncey A. 424

Anti-Slavery Society 264

Architecture, Church 227

Armistice 478

Articles of Association 484

Ashtabula County 260

Ashtabula County Agricultural Society 270

Ashtabula, Government of 464

Ashtabula County, History of 271

Ashtabula Railroad Disaster 462

Ashtabula "Recorder" 266

Ashtabula, Settlement of 175


Badger, Rev. Joseph 114, 136, 199

Baldwin, Harvey 284

Ball, Col. Ephraim 337

Banks, Youngstown's 450

Base Hospital No. 31 478

"Beautiful River" 41

Bennett, James 320

Bill of Rights 131

Boardman Township 162

Bradstreet's Expedition 47

Brady, Capt. Samuel  90

Brady's Leap 91

Brant, Mollie 74

Brown, Gov. Ethan Allen 207

Bryan, Wm. Jennings 413


Cabins, Early 111

Camp Sherman 473

Campaign, "Squaw" 49

Campaigns of 1791-95 38

Canton, Farmers Bank of 333

Canton, Founding of 190, 331, 335

Cartier, Jacques 35

Case, Leonard 103, 144

"Castle William" 139

Cattle 281

Celeron de Blainville 43

Census of 1810 203

Chagrin 78

Champlain, Samuel de 36

Chardon 179

Chardon Fair 283

Cheap Money 407

Cheese, Production of 286

Churches, First Organized 114

Civil War 339

Civil War, Battles of 354, 360

Claims, Territorial 53

Clark, George Rogers 49

Clarke, Jas. 118

Cleaveland, Gen. Moses 73

Clinton, Gov. DeWitt 209

Coit, Daniel 85

Coitsville 162

Coke, Use of 420

Colonial Affairs 46

Columbiana County 181, 314

Columbiana Bank of New Lisbon 317

Columbiana Village 327

Commercial Development 220, 441

Congress, First Continental 48

Conneaut 176, 275

Conneaut Creek 93

Connecticut, Charter of 53

Connecticut, Land Company 484


XV


HISTORY OF NORTHEASTERN OHIO


Connecticut Western Reserve 55, 68

Connecticut Land Company 62

Constitution of 1802 131

Continental Congress 56

Cornhusking 202

Counties, Organization of 216

Court Decisions 107

Court Session 105

Cox, Maj. Gen. Jacob 365

Crawford, Col. Wm. 51

Cutler, Dr. Manasseh 56


Dana's Musical Institute 456

Day, Wm. R.  411

Debating Society 159

Delaware Tribe 39

Democratic Convention of 1896 410

Dennison, William 349

Depression in Steel 440

Dewey, Joel A. 370

Diary, Pioneer's 174

Division, Thirty-Seventh 471

Dunmore's War 47

Duquesne, Fort 45

Dutton, Dr. Charles 154


Eaton, Dan 417

Edwards, John Stark 140

Enabling Act of 1802 127

English Colonists 47

Erie Canal 206

Erie Literary Society 287


"Esquire" 105

Fairport Harbor 300

Fallen Timbers, Battle of 65

Families, First 85

Farming Communities 460

Fawcettstown 119, 320

"Fire Lands" 70

First Presbyterian Church, Youngstown 254

Five Nations, The 38

Fobes, Simon 172

Food 201

Fordyce, George L. 450

Fort Miami 65

Fort Recovery, Attack of 64

Fort Wayne 65

Fowler, Jonathan 84

French Claims, First 41

Fugitive Slave Law 326

Furnaces, Blast 421

Furnaces, Remnants of Early 166


Garfield, Jas. Abram 302, 385

Garfield, Early Life of 387

Garfield, Political Career of 389

Garfield the Soldier 390

Garfield, Death of 394

Geauga County 279

Geauga County Agricultural Society 282

Geauga County, Creation of 218

Geddes, James 208

General Fireproofing Company 438

Giddings, Joshua 174, 276

Girard 244

Gist, Cristopher 44

Glaciated Areas 34

Government, Early Form of 56

Grant, Roswell 364

Greeneville, Treaty of 66, 118

Gustavus 173


Hall, Abner 177

Hanna, Marcus A. 409

Hanna, Thos. 187

Harbaugh, Wm. and Daniel 183

Harbors, Development of 461

Harpersfield 95

Harmar, Gen. Josiah 62

Harrison, Wm. Henry 126

Hayes, Col. Richard 197

Hazen, Maj. Gen. Wm. 365

Heaton, Daniel and James 164

Hill, Rev. Father John A. 334

Hillman, James 80

Hitchcock, Peter 301

Honey, Abram 92

Hopewell Furnace 165

Hopewell and Struthers 170

Hospitals 451

Hospitality 222

Hostetter, Jacob 184

Hot Blast Stove 419


xvi


HISTORY OF NORTHEASTERN OHIO


Howells, Wm. Cooper 267

Howells, Wm. Dean 465

Huntington, Samuel 128

Hutchins, Col. Thomas 117


Iddings, Richard 240

Immigrations 79

Independence Day 108

Indian Animosities 37

Indian Council 66

Indian Customs 37

Indian Days 35

Indian Possessions 40

Industrial Growth 399

Industrial Plants 435

Infantry, 332nd 477

Infantry, Other Companies of 356

Iron Empire 416, 429

Iron Industry 163, 249


Jefferson, County Seat 465

Jefferson, Thomas 125

Jefferson, Village of 178


Kaskaskia 50

Kennedy, Thos. Walker 427

Kent, Village of 313

Kingsbury, James 94

Kinney, Lewis 182

Kinsman, John 144

Kirkland, Judge Turhand 82

Kirtland 293

Kitchen, The Pioneer 225


Lake County 279

Lake County Villages 179

Lake Erie College 468

Lake Hamilton Dam 448

Land Boundaries 33

Land Titles 72

LaSalle, Sieur de 41

"Latch-String" 112

Leeper, Joseph 330

Life, Early Community 109

Limery 96

"Little Turtle" 63

Loomis, Austin 309

Loveland, Amos 84

Lovelass, George 134


Madison 300

"Mahoning" 68

Mahoning County 219, 246

Mahoning County Agricultural Society 257

Mahoning County Courthouse 446

Mahoning County Medical Association 451

Mahoning River 84

Mahoning Valley Iron Company 423

Mahoning Valley, Growth of the 220

Mahoning Valley Historical Collections 133, 232

Mahoning Valley, Settlements of 149

Mails, First 134

Maple Sugar 113

Massillon 335

Mentor 300

Mergers, Steel 434

Messenger, Hiram 305

Metropolitan Growth 454

Miamis 40

Migrations, Early 42

Milling, Early 178

Military Leaders 364

Morgan, Gen. John 371

Morgan's Raid 371

Mormon Movement 290

Mound Builders 35

McCook, Daniel, Jr. 369

McCook, George 367

McCook, Maj. Gen. Alexander 368

McCook, Brig. Gen. Robert Latimer 368

McGuffey, Wm. H. 237

McKelvey Company, G. M. 449

McKinley, Pres. Wm. 188, 402

McKinley, Education of 404

McKinley Family 403

McKinley, Law Practice of 405

McKinley in Congress 406

McMahon, Joseph 88, 102

McMillen, Reuben 319, 452

Mt. Union College 332


Navigation, Steamboat 315

New Connecticut 79

New England Atmosphere 263


xvii


HISTORY OF NORTHEASTERN OHIO


New Lisbon 183, 316

New Lisbon Churches 186, 319

Newspapers 185

Niles, City of 243

Northwest Territory 54

Nurserymen 467


Officers, War of 1812 195

Ohio Canal 210

Ohio Company of Associates 61

Ohio National Guard 471

"Ohio Patriot" 317

Ohio Steel Company 430

Ohio Water Service Company 448

Opdycke, Maj. Gen. Emerson 370

Organization, Territorial 58

Ordinance of 1787 57

Overseas Duty 476


Packard Automobile 457

Paine, Chas. C. 299

Paine, Eleazer 97

Painesville 295

Painesville, Beauty of 468

Painesville, Churches of 298

Painesville, Early Lawyers of 296

Painesville Educational Society 288

Panama Canal 412

Parkman, Village of 295

Park System, Youngstown's 447

Parsons, Samuel Holden 69

Penn, William 38

Pennsylvania and Ohio Canal 212

Pennsylvania Scotch-Irish 86

Perkins, Simon 139, 198

Perry, Oliver Hazard 193

Poland 256

Poland, District Schools of 153

Poland Presbyterian Church 158

Portage County 146, 303

Portage County Agricultural Society 308

Portage County Newspapers 311

Portage County, Settlers of 307

Port Independence 76

Post, Christian Frederick 116

Pottery Industry 320

Presbyterian Church of 1803 145

Professions 224

Public Library 452


Quakers 324

"Quieting Act" 99

Quinby, Ephraim 87


Railroads 400

Railroad, Baltimore and Ohio 214

Ravenna, City of 312

Rayen School 444

Reconstruction 397

Religious Denominations 136

Republic Steel Corporation 434

Rigdon, Sidney 291

Rivers, Ohio 33, 39

Roads 202

Roosevelt, Theodore 413

Rosencrans, General 357

Routes, Travel 110


Sailing Vessels, Building of 273

Salem 186, 323

Salt Springs 69

Schooley, Elisha 121

Schools, Pioneer 115

Schools, Village 229

Scott, Major Gen. 64

Session of 1801 108

Settlement, First White 78

Settlements, Lake 93

Sharon Steel Hoop Company 437

Shawnees 40

Shehy, Daniel 157

Six Nations 36

Slusser, Philip 334

Small, Vivian Blanche 469

Smith, Joseph, Jr. 290

Society of Friends 120

Soil Conditions, Early 34

South High School, Youngstown 444

Spanish-American War 412

Springfield Township, Columbiana County 328

"Squirrel Hunters" 374

St. Clair, Arthur 60

Stark County 122, 330

Stark County Repository 332


xviii


HISTORY OF NORTHEASTERN OHIO


State, Establishment of 67

States, Growth of 59, 126

Steamboats 205

Steel, Manufacture of 429

Storer, Richard 87

Storrs, Harrison and Company 300

Struggles, Early 37

Struthers Iron Company 426

Struthers, John 82

Summer Resorts 469

Sumner, C. W. 453


Tappan, Benjamin 148

Tavern, Original Youngstown 150

Tecumseh 192

Territory, Division of 100

Territorial Legislature 125

Third Ohio Volunteer Infantry 354

Tiffin, Edward 132

Title, Iroquois 75

Tod, Gov. David 138, 344

Tod, Early Life of 347

Tod, Public Career of David 348

Tod, Death of Gov. David 353

"Township 2, Range 2" 77

Township Government 106

Transportation 204

Travis, William 253

Treaty of Ghent 200

Treaty of Paris 45

Trumbull County 98, 232

Trumbull, Jonathan 101

Trumbull Steel Company 436

Truscon Steel Company 439

Twentieth Century Furnaces 168

Tyler, Gen. Erastus B. 369


Underground Railroad 242

United States Steel Corp. 430

Unity Township, Columbiana County 327

Universal Draft Act 474

Utensils, Cooking 113


Vallandigham Case 352

Vallandigham, Rev. Clement 375


Wade, Benjamin Franklin 379

Wadsworth, Elijah 194

War of 1812 191

Warren, City of 104

Warren's Churches 238

Warren, Early Social Life of 142

Warren's First Newspaper 137

Warren, Pioneers of 89

Warren, Population of 455

Warren, Public Square of 235

Warren, Settlement of 86

Washington, George 44

Wayne, Anthony 63

Wayne, Burial of 67

Wellsville 188, 321

Western Reserve 43

Western Reserve Bank 138, 235

Western Reserve Eclectic Society 310

Western Reserve Lands, Sale of 71

Western Reserve Teachers' Seminary - 289

Wick, Rev. William 155

Willoughby 300

Willoughby Medical College 288

Winters, Hardships of 174

World War 470

Worthington, Thos. 207


Yale University Press 143

Young, Brigham 293

Young, John 80, 151

Youngstown, City Charter of 453

Youngstown City Government 453

Youngstown, Early Buildings of 247

Youngstown, Early Citizenry of 152

Youngstown, Growth of 442

Youngstown Iron Company 250

Youngstown, Pioneers of 81

Youngstown Rolling Mill Company 422

Youngstown Schools 251

Youngstown Sheet & Tube Co. 431

Youngstown Telegram 452

Youngstown Township 252

Youngstown, Village Charter of 255

Youngstown Vindicator 451


Zeisberger, David 39


xix


Illustrations


Agler, Benjamin L. 658

Ashtabula Bridge Disaster of 1876 214

Ashtabula Docks, Ashtabula Harbor 176

Bennett, James Eugene 594

Bjornson, G. A. 844

Boardman Public School 82

Burroughs, Shepard H., M. D. 972

Cannon, James W. 626

Cantwell, John F., Jr. 642

Cantwell, John F., Sr. 828

Chamberlin, Charles I. 1004

City Hospital, East Liverpool 336

Dana, Lynn B. 892

Daniels, Harold Upham 1060

Davidson, Daniel A. 722

Elser, Ralph E. 924

Fifth Street, East Liverpool 336

Flynn, Frank E. 1076

Greenawalt, O. Earl    514

Greenwood, Roswell E. 860

Heller, Ernest C. 706

Holloway, Bert 908

Huff, Charles Christopher 988

Hughes, Alfred R. 821

Ingersoll, Allen Joseph, M. D. 1036

Kallay, J. K. 1020

Lewis, George P. 546

Library, Lake Erie College, Painesville 221

McKelvey, Lucius B. 876

McKinley's Birthplace, Niles 48

McKinley High School, Niles 152

McKinley Monument, Canton 191

Mahoning Bank Building, Youngstown 112

Main Street, Ashtabula 176

Market Street, Warren 72

Moulton Hall, Kent State Normal College, Kent 125

Munsell, Justus F. 956

Myerovich, Max A. 530

North Market Street, Canton 191

Post Office, Niles 48

Post Office, Youngstown 33

Powell, William J. 1052

Powers, Franklin B. 562

Public Schools, Chardon 288

Public Square, Ravenna 152

Public Square, Youngstown 33

Rayen High School, Youngstown 256

Reinhardt, Gustav Adolph 754

Roemer, Henry A. 506

Roosevelt High School, Kent 125

Rose, Thad C. 738

Ruffalo, John 674

Seminary High School, Poland 82

Shriver, Charles E. 610

Smith, Hon. Charles Frank 690

Stambaugh Memorial Auditorium, Youngstown 256

Stewart, John Struthers Frontispiece

Sumner, C. W. 1068

Thomas, Charles S. 499

Trumbull County Court House, Warren 72

Ullman, Carl W. 578

Unloading Ore Boats, Conneaut 288

Viaduct, Ashtabula 214

Willoughby Viaduct, Willoughby 221

Wylde, Harry S. 940


XX