350 - HISTORY OF OHIO of caskets and funeral supplies to be found in Southern Ohio. He was the first undertaker in Middletown to provide free ambulance service, and his establishment has a modern chapel for funeral services, together with all other metropolitan equipment and 'facilities. In the Masonic fraternity Mr. Riggs has received the thirty-second degree in the Scottish Rite, besides which he is affiliated with the Mystic Shrine. He is a member likewise of the Benevolent and Protective Order of Elks, the Loyal Order of Moose, the Pro- tective Home Circle and the Knights of Pythias. He is a director of the Commercial National Bank of Middletown, and is an active and valued member of the Middletown Civic Association. He is a member of the Ohio Funeral Directors, Association and the National Funeral Directors, Association, besides hav- ing been formerly identified with the West Virginia Funeral Directors, Association. He and his wife hold membership in the Methodist Episcopal Church. On February 4, 1914, was solemnized the marriage of Mr. Riggs and Miss Bertha L. Weishaar, daughter of Joseph and Anna (Weigold) Weishaar, of Middletown, her father being now deceased. Mrs. Riggs was graduated from the Middletown High School, and in her home city she is a popular figure in the representative social and. cultural circles. She is affiliated with the Order of the Eastern Star, and is a member of the Middletown Music Club, the Woman,s Club and the Ohio Federation of Woman,s Clubs. She is specially zealous in the work of the local Methodist Episcopal Church., in which she formerly had charge of the music. The Riggs home, at 125 North Broad Street, is known for its gracious hospitality, with Mrs. Riggs as its popular chatelaine. Mr. and Mrs. Riggs have two children, John Dix and Anna Jane, aged, respectively, seven and three years (1924). Within a short time prior to the obtaining of the data for this review Mr. Riggs admitted to partnership in his business his brothers, Mount D. and Benson W., both likewise natives of Moundsville, West Virginia, where the former was born October 29, 1886, and the latter on the 3rd of September, 1888. Mount D. Riggs gained his early education in the schools of Moundsville, and at the inception of the World war he was employed in the undertaking establishment of his brother, John D. of this review, in 1916-17. He enlisted in the United States Army, and was for twenty-two months in service with the American Expeditionary Forces in France. He is a member of the Methodist Episcopal Church and is affiliated with the Knights of Pythias. Benson W. Riggs profited by the advantages of the public schools of his native town, including the high school; and in West Virginia he advanced his studies also by attending McMechen Academy. He has been identified with the undertaking business since 1911, and is a licensed embalmer. In Masonry he has received the thirty-second degree of the Scottish Rite, with membership in the Consistory at Dayton, Ohio; where also he is affiliated with the Temple of the Mystic Shrine. He is a member also of the Loyal Order of Moose, the Modern Woodmen of America, the Middletown Civic Association, and the Methodist Episcopal Church. HENRY GRAEFE, M. D., is one of the popular and successful representatives of his profession in his native City of Sandusky, and represented Ohio in overseas service with the Medical Corps of the United States Army in the World war. He is a scion of a family whose name has been prominently and worthily identified with the history of Sandusky for nearly three-fourths of a century. He is a grandson of Dr. Philip and Dorothea (Kranz) Graefe, who were born and reared in the historic and picturesque old city of Wiesbaden, Germany. Dr. Philip Graefe received in his native land the best of educational advantages along both academic and professional lines, and was there graduated in a leading medical college. He was a young man when he came to the United States and engaged in the practice of 'his profession at East Orange, New Jersey, a place which is now one of the beautiful suburban districts. of New York City. In the early ,50s the doctor came with his family to Sandusky, Ohio, where he continued his able ministrations as one of the leading physicians and surgeons of Erie County until the time of his death. Henry Graefe, father of him whose name introduces this review, long held precedence as one of the honored and influential citizens and representative men of affairs in Sandusky. He was the founder of the Citizens Bank, of which he became cashier, and of which he later served in turn as vice president and president, he having been the executive head of this institution at the time of his death, in 1919. He passed his entire life in Sandusky, and was one of its most loyal and progressive citizens. His wife, whose maiden name was Carrie Belle Moon, was born in Lorain County, Ohio, and since the death of her husband has continued to maintain her home in Sandusky. After completing his studies in the Sandusky High School and attending for one year the Case School Of Applied Science, in the City of Cleveland, Dr. Henry Graefe went to New York City and entered the great Bellevue Hospital Medical College, and in this institution he was graduated as a member of the class of 1908. After thus receiving his degree of Doctor of Medicine he was enabled to fortify himself still further through the valuable clinical experience which he gained in nearly two years of service in Bellevue Hospital, and in 1910 he engaged in the general practice of his profession in his native City of Sandusky. Here he built up a substantial and representative practice to which he continued to give his attention until the nation became involved in the World war, when he promptly subordinated all personal interests to the call of patriotism. On the 15th of December, 1917, he enlisted in the Medical Corps of the United States Army, and in March of the following year he was assigned to service with Base. Hospital .No. 1 in New York City. With this command he forthwith embarked for overseas service with the American Expeditionary Forces, and on the stage of conflict he continued his loyal and effective service until after the armistic brought the war to a close. He was mustered out April 21, 1919, and received his honorable discharge with the rank of captain in the Medical Corps. He then returned to Sandusky, where he has since continued his able ministrations in his exacting profession. The doctor is a popular and influential member of the Erie County Medical Society, and has membership also in the Ohio State Medical .Society and the American Medical Association. He gave four years of effective service as' city health officer of Sandusky. He is a republican in political adherency, is affiliated with the Nu Sigma Nu and the Kappa Sigma college fraternities and the American Legion, and he and his wife are communicants of the Protestant Episcopal Church. November, 1912, was marked by the marriage of Doctor Graefe and Miss Florence Lee Ryan, who was born at Kelloggsville, New York, in which state were likewise born her parents, the late Frank and Fannie (Lee) Ryan. Doctor and Mrs. Graefe have two children, Henry, Jr., and Mary Lee, the third child, Philip Elbridge, having died in infancy. GEORGE F. HARTUNG, JR. The Hartung family is a well-known one in Erie County, and its members have long been connected with truck gardening and HISTORY OF OHIO - 351 plant growing, in which they have attained to an expertness that is generally recognized. The ones who have achieved the most in this line are George F. Hartung, Jr., and his brother, Harold, both of Sandusky, two of the most enterprising young men of this locality, sons of George Hartung, Sr., who with his father conducted the business for years. The Hartungs were established in the United States by the grandparents, Fred A. and Regina (Streit) Hartung, natives of Germany, but married in the United States. Following their marriage they settled on a farm in Erie County, Ohio. The maternal grandparents of George F. Hartung were Gotlieb and Dorothea (Buckner) Sturzinger, natives of Germany, who came while young to Erie County, and they, like the Hartungs, were truck farmers. George F. Hartung, the father of the young men mentioned above, married Emma E. Sturzinger, like him a native of Erie County, and they settled on the homestead of thirty acres just outside of the city limits of Sandusky. They worked hard, and developed an excellent business, putting two and a half acres under grass for raising commercial vegetables, in which they had a large trade and also in plants which they raised. They continued to live on the farm, but on August 1, 1923, George F. and Harold Hartung bought the business, and since then have expanded it considerably, and, cultivating more land, are reaching out for the bigger markets. George F. Hartung, Sr., and his wife have had the following children born to them: Margaret, who is the wife of O. L. Piper, of Sandusky; Harold, who is mentioned above, married Nora Troike, and they have one daughter, Bettie Ann; Gertrude, who is principal of the public schools of Sandusky; Dorothy and George F., twins, who are both at home, the former stenographer and secretary to Guy Manough, secretary and treasurer of the Sandusky Packing Company; and Wesley R. and Donald, who are also at home. The twins were born in Perkins Township, Erie County, April 8, 1902. George F. Hartung, Jr. attended the Sandusky graded and public schools. He belongs to Salem Evangelical Church. In politics he is a republican. Alert, thoroughly abreast of the times, the brothers Hartung are rapidly advancing and have a very bright future before them. Backed by the reputation for sterling honesty and conscientiousness in dealing by their family, combined with their ambition and the enthusiasm of youth, they are bound to go far in their present undertaking. CHARLES KNAPP. A native of Sandusky, Charles Knapp for thirty years has been a well known figure in its commercial affairs. In later years he has developed an important real estate business, his headquarters being on South Campbell Street. He was born in Sandusky March 9, 1874, son of George and Barbara (Weidemaier) Knapp. His parents were natives of Wurttemberg, Germany. His father, who settled at Sandusky in 1868, was for many years successfully engaged both in the wholesale and retail meat business, retiring in 1920. His wife died about 1906. Charles Knapp was educated in public schools, attended business college, and from early youth was employed in his father’s establishment, learning every detail of the meat business. In 1910 he became associated with the Dorzbach Brothers in the establishment of a packing plant just south of Sandusky. After two years he sold his interests in that enterprise and since then has been more or less continuously engaged in the real estate business and in service as an auctioneer. However, for about a year, beginning in 1918, he was in the oil business in Southern Texas, with headquarters at Houston. Mr. Knapp has a large clientele in his profession as an auctioneer. In the real estate business he has developed and put on the market the Fairview Beach Company,s property on Sandusky Bay, utilized for summer homes. In 1920 he opened a general store at the corner of Perkins Avenue and Campbell Street. Mr. Knapp married in 1907 Elizabeth Lechler, a native of Sandusky and widow of Conrad Miller. By her first husband she had three children: Leontine, Norman and Dorothy. Mr. Knapp is a Lutheran and a republican in politics. ARTHUR J. HILL, M. D. A specialist at Canton, in diseases of the eye, ear, nose and throat, Doctor Hill had the benefit of ten years or more of training in the general practice of medicine. He is one of the ablest specialists in his line in Stark County. Doctor Hill was born in Columbiana County, Ohio, October 14, 1871. He is descended from an old English family of which Sir Arthur Hill was a conspicuous member. Doctor Hill grew up on a farm, attended country schools, and while getting his higher literary and his professional education he taught for several terms as a means of defraying his expenses. He attended the academy at East Rochester, and in 1893 graduated Doctor of Medicine from the medical department of Western Reserve University at Cleveland. Following that he was engaged in general practice at Minerva, Ohio, for nine years. Before taking up his special line he spent two years of study in clinical work in the Polyclinic Hospital, Philadelphia, and the New York Eye and Ear Infirmary. In 1906 he located at Canton, and the work he has done has brought him a wide reputation as a specialist. He is a member of the County, State and American Medical associations and the American Academy of Ophthalmology, Otology and Laryngology. He has been president of the Stark County Medical Society. During the World war Doctor Hill was a medical member of the county draft board. He is a Mason, and belongs to the Methodist Episcopal Church. Doctor Hill married Miss Nettie Taylor in 1893. They have three children, Donald B., of Cleveland, Mrs. Edwin Raley, of Ohio, and Miss Miriam. WILBUR GIDEON PALMER, member of the law firm of Palmer & Elliott at Middletown, has practiced his profession for a quarter of a century, and has represented a large amount of important interests before the courts and has rendered much service in a public capacity. Mr. Palmer was born at Lockland, Ohio, June 19, 1876, son of C. B. and Maranda L. (Dye) Palmer. His home has been in Middletown since early boyhood. He attended public schools there, studied law, and in October, 1898, was admitted to the Ohio bar. He has practiced before all the State and Federal courts, and some of the practice of the firm extends to other states. The law firm of Palmer & Elliott is now handling the litigation in behalf of the Methodist Protestant Church in the United States Court at Indianapolis against the Hawkins Mortgage Company. The same firm represents all the heirs on the maternal side in the Pugh Estate case now pending in the Supreme Court of Indiana. This case involves the construction of the law of descent in the State of Indiana. Mr. Palmer throughout his professional career has been active in local affairs at Middletown. He was a member of the Charter Commission which drafted the commission form of government for Middletown, and as first city attorney under the new charter he served six years, and under the old form had been president of the City Council. He has been a local leader in republican politics, was a delegate to the State Republican Convention which endorsed the administration of President Taft. He served on the 352 - HISTORY OF OHIO Republican County Committee, and has proved his ability as a speaker in many exciting campaigns. Mr. Palmer is one of the prominent Masons of Ohio. He is affiliated with the Lodge at Middletown, the Middletown Royal Arch Chapter, Hamilton Council, Royal and Select Masters, Middletown Commandery, Knights Templar, and belongs to the Scottish Rite Consistory in the Valley of Dayton and has been made an honorary member of the Supreme Council in the thirty-third degree of the Scottish Rite. He is also a member of Antioch Temple of the Mystic Shrine at Dayton. Mr. Palmer married miss Naomi Butler, of Middletown, daughter of L. H. and Mary (McAdams) Butler. Mrs. Palmer was educated in the public schools at Middletown and the Conservatory of Music at Cincinnati, and is much interested in musical affairs in her home town. She is a member of the Woman ,s Music Club of Middletown. Four children were born-to the marriage of Mr. and Mrs. Palmer : Douglas, born in 1905, now a student in Miami University ; Nan, born in 1911, a pupil in the public schools at Middletown ; Charles B., born in 1915; and George H., born in 1923. CARLETON WILLIAM FINNEY. Since leaving the university with the degree of Mechanical Engineer, Carleton William Finney has been actively identified with the iron and steel industries of the Mahoning Valley. He is vice president and secretary of the Standard Boiler and Plate Iron Company at Niles, and is officially connected with a number of industrial and financial corporations at Niles. Mr. Finney represents the eighth generation of the Finney family in America, which was established in New England as early as 1631. One of his ancestors, Josiah Finney, was a soldier in the Revolutionary war. Josiah Finney, a son of this soldier, came from his native State of Connecticut to the Western Reserve of Ohio in 1804, settling in Trumbull County. He was a captain of militia and a soldier in the War of 1812. He married Clarissa Bushnell. Their son, Theron L. Finney, who was born in Trumbull County, was for many years a merchant in his native community of Johnston. He married Lucy Eidelia Andrews. Drayton Josiah Finney, oldest child of Theron L. Finney, was born at Johnston, Trumbull County, January 9, 1855, and has been a conspicuous figure in the commercial and civic affairs of Niles. He was educated in common schools, began work in his father,s store at the age of thirteen, and after learning telegraphy was employed as an operator on the Erie and Pennsylvania Railroad systems from 1872 to 1883. In 1883 he became associated with his father-in-law, Dr. W. F. Ball, in the drug business at Niles, and subsequently became proprietor of the store and continued as such until 1898. In 1906 he was associated with E. A. Gilbert in organizing the Standard Boiler and Plate Iron Company. He became secretary and treasurer of the company, and after the death of Mr. Gilbert, in 1920, became president and treasurer. He has also been president of the Home Savings and Loan Company and the Niles Trust Company, and president of the Niles Memorial Library Association. In 1903 he was elected county commissioner of Trumbull County, is a republican in politics, and is affiliated with Mahoning Lodge No. 394, Free and Accepted Masons ; Mahoning Chapter No. 66, Royal Arch Masons; Warren Commandery No. 39, Knights Templar ; and Al Koran Temple of the Mystic Shrine at Cleveland. Drayton J. Finney in 1880 married Miss Luella M. Ball, who was born at Harlem Springs, Ohio, in 1863. Carleton William Finney, only child of Drayton J. Finney and wife, was born at East Liverpool, Col umbiana County, Ohio, September 28, 1882. He was educated in the public schools in Niles, graduating from high school in 1901, after which year he went to work in a machine shop, where he remained until 1904, and then entered the Technical School of Ohio State University. He received his degree of Mechanical Engineer in 1908. For one year he was in the master mechanic ,s department of the Youngstown Sheet and Tube Plant, and in 1909 became layer out of shop work for the Niles Standard Boiler and Plate Iron Company. He was promoted to assistant superintendent in 1912, and since 1920 has been vice president and secretary and a director. The plant and offices are in the northwest part of Niles. This is an industry employing about 125 persons, and manufactures a large and important line of tank and refinery equipment, the products being shipped all over the United States and to foreign countries. Mr. Finney is also a director of the Storage Transfer and Supply Company of Niles, and the Dollar Savings Bank of Niles. He is a republican, a member of the First Presbyterian Church of Niles, and is affiliated with Mahoning Lodge No. 394, Free and Accepted Masons at Niles, and the Niles Chamber of Commerce. His home is at 162 Sayers Avenue at Niles. He married in that city, June 11, 1911, Miss Mary L. Kerr, daughter of Alexander Z. and Margaret (Williams) Kerr. Her mother lives at Riverside, near Niles. Her father, who died at Niles in 1920, was a retired merchant and farmer. Mr. and Mrs. Finney have two children: Drayton Kerr, born August 19, 1914; and Margaret Ball, born January 19, 1918. ALBERT F. STAHL is a native of Cleveland, where he had his early business training, but for the past thirteen years has been a resident of Youngstown, where he is well known in the coal trade circles. Mr. Stahl was born in Cleveland, in 1881, son of George and Julia (Bierman) Stahl, his father a native of Germany and his mother of Pennsylvania. His father is a retired resident of Cleveland. Albert F. Stahl was educated in public schools, and, beginning at the age of eighteen, he spent three years in the stock room of the H. P. Nail Company and subsequently he was for three years timekeeper with the American Steel & Wire Company at Cleveland and was also employed in the meter department of the Cleveland City Water Works. Removing to Youngstown in 1911, Mr. Stahl was associated with his brother in the drug business for seven years, and then he and Ebenezer Williams established a retail coal business. His headquarters are located at 203 W. Front Street. Mr. Stahl married in November, 1902, Miss Ethelyn K. Neff, a native of Cleveland, a daughter of Louis and Anna (Hildebrand) Neff. Mr. and Mrs. Stahl had two children, Alden who died in infancy, and Adele Grace. Mrs. Stahl is a member of the Christian Church. In politics Mr. Stahl is independent. WILBUR R. MEREDITH for over thirty years has been identified with printing, newspapers and various interests connected with the art of printing. He became a citizen of Painesville in 1909. Mr. Meredith was born in the old village of Mount Union, now the Sixth Ward of the City of Alliance, on November 12, 1871. His grandfather was John H. Meredith, who was born in Chester County, Pennsylvania, in 1817, moved to Stark County, Ohio, about 1848, and settled in the friends' community near Mount Union. He was himself a member of the Society of Friends, coming from a noted community of those people in Pennsylvania. He was a farmer and contracting carpenter, and died at Alliance in HISTORY OF OHIO - 353 1893. His wife, Hannah Wiley, was also a native of Chester County, Pennsylvania, and died in Stark County. Isaiah W. Meredith, father of Wilbur R., was born near Philadelphia, in Chester County, August 12, 1843, and was about five years of age when his parents removed to Stark County, Ohio. He was reared on his father ,s farm there, and in April, 1861, enlisted for service in the Union Army. At first he was in the Sixteenth Ohio Infantry, and subsequently was a member of Company I of the Fifth United States Cavalry. He served from practically the beginning until the end of the war, and participated in twenty-three major engagements. While with the Sixteenth Ohio Infantry he participated in the second battle of Bull Run. Afterwards in the cavalry he fought the battles of Shiloh, Gettysburg and the Wilderness, and many other campaigns of the West and in Virginia. In 1865 he returned to Alliance, where he died December 25, 1916. He was a democrat in politics and a member of the Grand Army of the Republic. Isaiah W. Meredith married Phoebe Rake-straw, who was born April 12, 1844, in Stark County, and now lives at Alliance. Her birthplace, four miles south of Mount Union, is now the farm on which is located the Fairmount Children,s Home. The farm itself originally was called Fairmount. Isaiah W. Meredith and wife had a family of six children: Laura Lillian, wife of Charles O. Kille, Mary Eliza, wife of John W. Fawcett, Wilbur R., Miranda Irene, wife of William E. Hawn, Albert H., and Luella Grace, who married Arthur Schaub. Wilbur R. Meredith was reared in Stark County. When he was sixteen years of age he left school and began learning the printing trade at Louisville, and a year later went to Canton and took a position on the Stark County Democrat. In 1909 he came to Painesville, and in 1914 became superintendent of the Educational Supply Company. This company, the largest concern in its special line in the country, does a general line of printing, copper plate and steel die engraving, and manufactures and handles an important line of educational and school supplies. The company owns its plant and offices on South State Street in Painesville. On October 17, 1922, Mr. Meredith became editor and manager of the Lake County Herald, a newspaper established in 1899, democratic in politics, and has an extensive circulation over Northeastern Ohio. Mr. Meredith is a member of the Church of Christ, the Lake County Chamber of Commerce and the Painesville Kiwanis Club. On August 5, 1894, at Alliance, he marled Miss Mary E. Davies, daughter of Evan and Eliza (Williams) Davies. Her parents are now deceased. Four children were born to the marriage of Mr. and Mrs. Meredith. James Harold, the eldest, is a veteran of the World war. With the Sixth Marines he went to France April 19, 1918, and saw overseas duty in France and with the Army of Occupation, returning home August 13, 1919. He was appointed a sergeant, and participated in fourteen engagements, offensive and defensive, including Belleau Wood, Chateau Thierry, the Meuse-Argonne, and St. Mihiel. He now lives at Alliance, where he is assistant superintendent of the Alliance Agency of the Metropolitan Life Insurance Company. The second son, Mark Bertram, who is foreman in the Educational Supply Company at Painesville, also has a veteran,s record, having been in service for eighteen months, at the Watervliet Arsenal in New York State. He was appointed a sergeant from Washington. The third son, John Paul, graduated from the Painesville High School in 1923, and is an employe of the Kintner Jewelry Company at Painesville. Wilbur Jr., is the youngest of the family. GEORGE S. TILLOTSON was from the year 1898 the active executive officer of the Sterling Grinding Wheel Company, one of the important industrial concerns of Tiffin, Seneca County, and as general manager of this company his careful and progressive policies contributed in large measure to the cumulative success of the enterprise. Mr. Tillotson reverts to the historic old Bay State as the place of his nativity, his birth having occurred in Berkshire County, Massachusetts, April 5, 1863, and the same state having been likewise the birthplace of his parents, George W. and Mary L. (Palmer) Tillotson, representatives of sterling Colonial New England families. George W. Tillotson was actively associated with farm industry in Massachusetts during virtually his entire business career, but he gave more or less attention also to contracting operations. Both he and his wife were well advanced in years at the time of their death, and both were zealous members of the Congregational Church. Of the four children three attained to years of maturity. George S. Tillotson found his initial practical experience through his association with the activities of the old home farm, and the public schools of Massachusetts afforded him his early education. He had a natural predilection and talent for mechanics, and in his youth gained experience that developed his technical skill along this line. He has been associated with the manufacturing of grinding wheels during the greater part of his career, and in this connection he came to Tiffin, Ohio, and became connected with the Sterling Grinding Wheel Company in the autumn of 1897. He had active charge of the affairs of the company from January 1, 1898, until February 15, 1924, and as its general manager he ordered operations with marked discrimination and efficiency. He was a director of the company, which is capitalized for $100,000, and the products from the company,s large and modern plant at Tiffin are shipped to all parts of the world. Mr. Tillotson is a republican in political allegiance, and as a liberal and loyal citizen he has taken deep interest in all things tending to advance the civic and material welfare of his home city. He was one of the first safety directors to be appointed in any city in Northwestern Ohio, and of this position he has been the incumbent a long term of years. He has given admirable service also as president of the board of education at Tiffin, and was the first president of the first commercial club organized in this city. He is a member of the board of trustees of the local Young Men,s Christian Association, and he and his wife are earnest members of the Methodist Protestant Church, in which connection both were members of the building committee having charge of the erection of the Tiffin church edifice of this denomination. This fine modern building was completed in 1924. Mr. Tillotson is past noble grand of the local lodge of the Independent Order of Odd Fellows at Chester, Massachusetts, and in the time-honored Masonic fraternity he has received the thirty-second degree of the Scottish Rite, besides being a Noble of its Mystic Shrine. The first marriage of Mr. Tillotson was with Miss Minnie Mixer, who likewise was born and reared in Massachusetts, and whose death occurred in February, 1903. The one child of this union is Vera, who is the wife of Ralph Sprague, of Tiffin. For his second wife Mr. Tillotson wedded Miss Mabel Chandler, of Tiffin, and the two children of this union are George C. and Frederick W., both students (1924) in the public schools of Tiffin, George C. being a member of the class of 1925 in the high school. FREDERICK MOORE. The Buckeye Realty Company of Middletown, of which Frederick Moore is proprietor, is . an important organization through which 354 - HISTORY OF OHIO many large transactions have been carried out involving deals not only in local real estate, but in industrial lines, including coal and timber sites. Mr. Moore, of this company, has had an extended-experience in real estate and other lines of business. He was born in West Virginia, October 20, 1870, son of Alpheus and Lucinda (Yoak) Moore, of Belington, that state. His father was a fruit grower in West Virginia. Frederick Moore acquired his early education in the public schools, and in 1897 graduated with the Bachelor of Science degree from West Virginia University at Morgantown. Remaining in the university for post-graduate work, he secured his Master of Science degree in 1898. This liberal education qualified him for responsibilities in the educational world, and for one year he was a teacher in the State Reformatory at Pruntytown, West Virginia. Then followed several years of activity in newspaper work, and for eighteen months he was paymaster for the Belington and Northern Railway. He then resumed newspaper work until he came to Middletown, Ohio, in 1910. The Buckeye Realty Company does business in coal and timber lands over the states of Ohio, Indiana, Kentucky, Virginia and Pennsylvania. Another branch of the business is the insurance department, handling fire and tornado insurance. The office of this company is a room in one of the old residences of Middletown, now an office building in the heart of the city. It has unusual associations with Ohio history from the fact that the room in which Mr. Moore has his office is the one in which former Governor James E. Campbell was born, and former Governor James M. Cox at one time lived in the same building. Mr. Moore is a member of the Middletown Civic Association, is affiliated with Grafton Lodge No. 308, Benevolent and Protective Order of Elks, in West Virginia, with the Phi Kappa Psi college fraternity, and is a prominent Baptist layman. He was clerk of the First Baptist Church in Middletown, and since 1919 has been a member of the board of managers of the Ohio Baptist conventions. He teaches the Brotherhood Bible Class. Mr. Moore married Miss Susie Smith of Breathitt County, Kentucky, in January, 1922. She is a daughter of William and Luella Smith, and finished her education in the Hazel Green Academy in Wolfe County, Kentucky, and was a public school teacher in her native state for three years. Mr. and Mrs. Moore have one daughter, Caroline, born in November, 1923. CHARLES JOSEPH KRUPP. Continuously since 1870, the name Krupp has been identified with the undertaking business in the City of Sandusky. Charles J. Krupp, who for thirty years was an active head of the business founded by his father, was one of the first students of the modern methods of scientific embalming, and enjoyed national distinction in his profession. In ,1921 he was made an honorary life member of the Ohio State Funeral Directors and Embalmers Association, and in 1893 served that association as president. He was born in Sandusky April 28, 1857 and died May 14, 1924. His father, John Krupp, was born in Bavaria, Germany, January 28, 1822, and was eleven years old when, in 1833, his parents, Charles and Catherine (Schabacher) Krupp, left Germany with their family of ten children, and after sixty-two days on the ocean, traveled west from New York by river, canal and lake to Huron County, Ohio, and made permanent settlement in Seneca County, where they cleared a farm. John Krupp after finishing his education in the country schools of Seneca County, and after leaving the farm, served a three years apprenticeship at the cabinet making trade in Tiffin, Ohio, and for twenty-two years and two months was pattern maker in the Sandusky shops of the Sandusky, Mansfield and Newark Railroad Company. In 1870 he engaged in the furniture and undertaking business, and was active until 1895, and lived retired for a number of years until his death on February 25, 1911. He was one of the organizers and from 1886 until his death was vice president of the Citizens Bank of Sandusky, and was a member of St. Mary 's Catholic Church. He married in Seneca County, February 6, 1849, Catherine Simon, who was born in Germany in 1827, only child of John and Catherine Simon. Charles Joseph Krupp was reared in Sandusky, attended parochial schools, and at the age of eleven entered the Sandusky High School. He was there two years, and on May 1, 1870, at the age of thirteen went to work for his father. After eight years, he was made a member of the firm of John Krupp and 'Son, and in 1895, succeeded to the head of the firm of Krupp and Goebel, furniture dealers and undertakers, but since 1900 had given his exclusive attention to the undertaking branch of the business. In 1882, he was one of the class at Detroit who studied this being one of the first embalming classes held in this country. Since then he kept in close touch with all the advances made in his profession, and for many years had been a member of the Ohio State Funeral Directors and Embalmers Association, of the National Funeral Directors Association, and by appointment from Governor Herrick and Governor Harris, he served two terms on the Ohio State Board of Embalming Examiners, being president two years and secretary two years. For one year he was vice president of the State and Provincial Board of Examiners for the United States and Canada. Mr. Krupp married November 5, 1878, Ida M. Palmerton, a native of Erie County, Ohio, and daughter of Joshua Evans an Sarah Maria Palmerton. The two children of this marriage are Ida Estella, wife of Thomas Arthur Hicks, of Catasauqua, Pennsylvania, and Ira C. J., whose home is in Connecticut. Mr. Krupp on June 12, 1907, married Mary Louise Buyer, daughter of Anthony J. Buyer. Mrs. Krupp was for fourteen years organist at Sts. Peter and Paul Catholic Church, is president of the Woman,s Building and Rest Room Association, member of the Catholic Woman ,s Study Club, and prominent socially. Since the death of her husband Mrs. Krupp is carrying on the business. Mr. Krupp was Past Grand Knight of Council No. 546, Knights of Columbus, Past Exalted Ruler of Lodge No. 185, Benevolent and Protective Order of Elks, had served as Chief Ranger of St. George Court No. 238, Catholic Order of Foresters, was a member of Protection Tent No. 7, Knights of the Maccabees, Lodge No. 444 Fraternal Order of Eagles and the Woodmen of the World. WADE E. MILLER. There is perhaps no high school principal in the State of Ohio who carries more responsibilities than Wade E. Miller, principal of the Middletown High School. Mr. Miller has a large school under his direct supervision, and, being a man of tremendous enthusiasm in educational work, has not been satisfied merely with the routine of administrative responsibility, but has entered actively into many of the school ,s organizations and departments and has made it one of the finest high schools in the state. He was born near Barberton, near the City of *Akron, August 20, 1886, son of Martin L. and Alice (Strohl) Miller, of Barberton. His father was an educator, spending more than twenty years in school work in Ohio. Wade E. Miller acquired a liberal education, attending the grade schools of Norton Township, near Barberton, was graduated from the high school of Seville in 1903, and after leaving high HISTORY OF OHIO - 355 school had four years of experience as a teacher in the public schools. He is a Bachelor of Arts graduate with the class of 1911 from Heidelberg University at Tiffin, Ohio, and since then in addition to opportunities presented in his own work he has pursued special courses and studies in psychology at Ohio State University, from which he received the Master of Arts degree in 1916, and has also done special work in the State University in educational subjects. From 1911 to 1917 Mr. Miller was professor of history and public speaking in the public schools of Fostoria, Ohio. He has been principal of the high school at Middletown since 1917. His working program is one that takes up most of the hours of the day. He is head of the staff of forty-two teachers in the high school, and the enrollment of .pupils is 933. He is ex-officio head of all the high school societies, twenty-seven in number, including the Debating Clubs, Dramatic Club, Literary Society, High School Newspaper, The Optimist, Boosters Club, with over 400 members, the Poster Club, the Vigilance Committee, the Minute Men, Radio Society, Chemistry Club, for research work; Music Club, Chorus Club, Boys' and Girls' Glee clubs, Orchestra, High School Band, Latin and French clubs, and various athletic clubs. Mr. Miller also 'personally conducts the intelligence tests by which the high school pupils are classified. For a number of years he has been a student of every subject entering into boys' training and education, and at all times has used his influence to promote athletics. He is a member of the National Educational Association, the Ohio State Teachers, Association, the Southwestern Ohio Teachers, Association and the Southwestern Round Table Teachers' Society. While in Heidelberg University he represented his school on the debating team six times in intercollegiate debates. In York Rite Masonry he is a member of the Lodge Royal Arch Chapter, Council and Knights Templar Commandery, and is a thirty-second degree Scottish Rite Mason. He belongs to the First Presbyterian Church in Middletown. Mr. Miller married Miss Dora L. Ruf, of Fort Wayne, Indiana, daughter of B. and Mary Ruf. She is a graduate of the Fort, Wayne High School, and was a student in Heidelberg University at Tiffin at the same time as her husband. She graduated with the Bachelor of Arts degree in 1912. She is a member of the Eastern Star and the Woman's Century Club of Middletown. Mr. and Mrs. Miller have three children: Wadena, born in 1913, a student in the sixth grade of the public schools; Martin, born in 1917; and Alice, born in 1922. JOHN MERTZ. A practical hardware man and sheet metal worker, John Mertz has expanded his operations until he is now head of the active concern that manufactures tanks, skylights, ventilators, washing machines and similar articles, under the name of the John. Mertz Manufacturing Company, of which he is the founder as well. In addition to his business interests Mr. Mertz has long been connected with constructive work in behalf of Sandusky, and is rightly numbered among the city’s most representative citizens. John Mertz was born at Sandusky, October 23, 1859, a son of Jacob and Teressa (Hemmerle) Mertz, natives of Wurttemberg and Baden, Germany, respectively. At the age of nineteen years the father came to the United States, and began working at his trade of a tinner at. Buffalo, New York, where he remained until 1851, when he came to Sandusky. Subsequently he went into business for himself, and conducted his establishment until his death in 1914. The mother ,s arrival in this country took place when she was a girl of sixteen years, at which time she settled at Sandusky. Her death occurred in 1903. Until he was fourteen John Mertz was a student of the public schools, but at that age he left, and after taking a business course, began working for his father. For three winters he attended the night sessions of the Sandusky College to further improve his mind. While he learned the tinner ,s trade, he also served as his father ,s bookkeeper. At the age of about twenty-three, having by that time become a married man, he was taken into partnership with his father and brothers, under the name of J. Mertz & Sons, hardware merchants and tinners. From then until the death of his father Mr. Mertz run the mechanical end of the business, but then sold his interest to his brothers, and started his present company at Water and Decatur streets. In 1916 he erected his present plant, a two story building, 66x115 feet, and here he gives employment to from fifteen to twenty skilled sheet metal workers. This business is a very successful one, and its annual growth is steady and healthy. On May 23, 1883, Mr. Mertz married Ida E. Feick, born at Sandusky, a daughter of Adam and Johanna (Fulton) Feick, natives of Germany and Pennsylvania, respectively. The former came to the United States many years ago and settled in Hardin County, Ohio. Mr. and Mrs. Mertz have one daughter, Alma E., who is the wife of Dr. D. D. Smith, Doctor of Dental Surgery, of Sandusky. She and her husband have two children, Elizabeth and Marjory. Mr. Mertz belongs to Grace Episcopal Church, of which he is a vestryman. He belongs to the Plum Brook Club and the Sunyendeand Club, of which he was trustee in 1923. He is an independent voter. Mrs. Mertz has been very active in public life, having served as president of the Federation of Woman,s Clubs of Sandusky, and has been secretary of the Humane Society since 1900, and belongs to the Fortnightly Club. A lady of great sympathy and rare tact, she has long been a valued worker in various charitable organizations. Also active in Grace. Episcopal Church, she has for some years been a trustee of its church guild, her labors in church work extending from childhood to the present time. She has traveled extensively over the country on sight seeing trips. She was for many years a member of the Board of Emergency Hospital which later became the Providence Hospital, and for a time was a member of the Board of the Good Samaritan Hospital. She was a charter member of the Woman,s Building and Rest Room Association, and has served on several state committees for the State Federation of Woman's Clubs. F. G. ROEHM since early manhood has been identified with the agricultural interests of the Will-shire community of Van Wert County. He is also cashier of the Farmers and Merchants State Bank of Wilshire, and has taken a hand in all the important interests of the community. He was born in Wiltshire Township, July 26, 1872, and has lived at the old homestead where he was born all his life except for four years, from 1902 to 1906. He is a son of John and Rosine (Schumm) Roehm, both natives of Van Wert County and representatives of pioneer families in this section of Ohio. His father was born, in Tully Township, December 22, 1842, and his mother in Will-shire Township, January 1, 1845. They were married April 10, 1870, and a. few years ago celebrated their golden wedding anniversary. After their marriage they located on a farm two miles east of Wilshire, and remained there until 1906. They are now retired and living at Fort Wayne, Indiana. They have long held membership in the Lutheran Church at Schumm, and John Roehm was an elder in the church and in politics is a democrat. Of eight children seven are now living: Minnie, 'wife of F. G. Schin- 356 - HISTORY OF OHIO nerer, of Wiltshire Township; F. G.; Julia, wife of William Franke, of Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania; Pauline, wife of Fred Acker, of Fort Wayne, Indiana; L. J. Boehm, a graduate of Concordia Theological Seminary at Fort Wayne, and now a minister of the Lutheran Church at Norfolk, Virginia; Albert and Alma, both living with their parents at Fort Wayne. F. G. Roehm grew up on the old homestead and attended the public schools nearby. He assisted his parents on the farm until he was twenty-one. Mr. Roehm married Miss Henrietta Schumm, of Mercer County, Ohio. They have eight children: Paul, Emanuel (a student in the International Business College at Fort Wayne, Indiana), Anna Frederick, George, Louisa, and Albert and Alman, twins. The family are members of the Lutheran Church at Schumm, and Mr. Roehm is one of the elders and is financial secretary. He is a democrat in politics. In addition to his duties as cashier of the bank he owns and operates his farm of 127 acres, and for a number of years has raised some of the fine stock in this section of his county. He is a stockholder in the Wiltshire Telephone Company. FREDERICK L. ALLEN has rounded out a life of three-quarters of a century, and all the years since his boyhood have been filled with commendable activities. His business career made him a prominent figure in the commercial affairs of Kent, and no one has been more active in the line of public service to that community. He was born at Akron, Ohio, July 10, 1848, son of Dr. Asa S. and Electa (Arms) Allen. His father was born at Martha,s Vineyard, Massachusetts, and his mother at South Deerfield, Massachusetts. They were married in their native state, and in the early ,40s came to Akron, Ohio, where Doctor Allen practiced medicine. From there he removed to Lisbon in Columbiana County, where his wife died. For a number of years his home was in Cuyahoga County, where he died. He had come to Ohio with his father, Henry Allen, who later" died at the home of a daughter in Pennsylvania. Frederick L. Allen attended the public schools at Berea, Ohio. When he was thirteen years old he began learning the printing business as an apprentice at Oberlin. About that time the Civil war came on, and he soon enlisted for service in the Third Ohio Cavalry. On account of his youth his father took him out of the army. However, in the spring of 1864, before he was sixteen years of age, he enlisted in Company D of the One Hundred and Twenty-fifth Volunteer Infantry. He was with the Army of the Cumberland in Tennessee, Louisiana, Texas, Alabama and elsewhere. He took part in some of the battles of the Atlanta campaign, was in the battles of Franklin and Nashville, and in many skirmishes. He was never injured. After his honorable discharge in October, 1865, he returned to Oberlin for several months, and then located at Kent, which city has been his home for nearly sixty years. For about four years he was a clerk in a drug store, learning the business, and for four years was a partner of Doctor Shively in the drug business. He then withdrew and established a drug store of his own, and for about twenty-five years made this one of the leading establishments of the kind in Kent. After selling his business Mr. Allen was retired until 1901, when he was elected county treasurer of Portage County. He was reelected and served altogether four years. When he left the courthouse he took up the general insurance and real estate business, but since 1916 has been retired. However, he is a director of the. Williams Brothers Milling Company and of the Davey Tree Expert Company. He has been financially interested in a number of other local enterprises. He owns residential property, but sold the Allen Business Block along River Street. In 1875 Mr. Allen married Miss Mary Bosley, a native of Geauga County, Ohio. To this marriage were born two children: Myrtie, wife of F. A. Kershaw, of Kent; and Louis F., who lives at Wadsworth, Ohio, and is the father of two children, named Frederick George and Bettie G. In 1904 Mr. Allen married for his second wife Nellie B. Wolcott, a native of Kent and daughter of Simon P. Wolcott. Mr. Allen is a vestryman of the Episcopal Church. He is a Knight Templar Mason, and a member of A. H. Day Post No. 185, Grand Army of the Republic, which he has served as senior vice commander and chaplain. He is a member of the Twin Lake Golf Club. Mr. Allen was once a candidate for mayor of Kent. He served five years as trustee of the Springfield Lake Tuberculosis Sanatorium, being one of the promoters of that institution and was also its secretary for some years. He was one of the orginators of the Kent Board of Improvements, and held the office of secretary in that organization. He was a member and for a time chief of the local fire department, and he helped organize the first band at Kent. GEORGE LEWIS BEHRENS was born near Lancaster, Fairfield County, Ohio, December 12, 1869, being the youngest of a family of twelve children. His father, Ernst Henry Christian Behrens (known as Henry Behrens), a native of Landringhausen, Germany, crossed the Atlantic to America in August, 1848, the year of political upheaval in Europe in which so many sons of the fatherland sought liberty in the new world. He came direct to Ohio and cast in his lot with the early settlers of Fairfield County, where he followed the occupation of farming. He possessed to an eminent degree the thrift and industry characteristic of his race, and owned several good farms in the vicinity of Lancaster. He operated a large quarry on one of these and furnished the stone- for many buildings in the county. He was one of the substantial citizens of the community, a devoted and active worker in the Lutheran Church and furnished all the stone from his quarries for the erection of Emmanuels Lutheran Church on Chestnut Street, Lancaster. He married Henrietta Christina Dorothee Hartman, who was born November 10, 1822, in Amt Wennigsen, near Hanover, Germany, eldest daughter of John Frederick William Hartman, who was a farmer by occupation and also came to America about 1847, at which time he chose Ohio as a place of residence. Henry and Dorothee Behrens were the parents of twelve children, seven sons and five daughters: Henry W., William F., August H., Charles W., Sophie D., Dora M., J. Christopher., Minnie (1) C., John, Lena, Minnie (2) K., and George L. the subject of this sketch. Three, Minnie (1), Lena and John, died in infancy. The others all married and became parents of families. George Lewis Behrens in his boyhood days was a pupil in district school Nos. 7 and 4 in Pleasant Township, the public school and the German Lutheran schools in Lancaster, Ohio, and Fort Wayne, Indiana. He was a youth when his father died, and at an early age he began working for himself. In April, 1882, his mother, an older sister and he came to Columbus, where he entered the employ of the Columbus Buggy Company. Subsequently he was employed by the firm of Turpin and Company and the Coleman and Felber Baking Company, and attended the Capital City Commercial College in the evenings, eventually completing his education in the college of travel and experience. In the spring of 1886 he went to Columbus Grove, Putnam County, Ohio, to live with one of his sisters, and while there he became an expert marksman with the rifle and gave many exhibitions in HISTORY OF OHIO - 357 trick and fancy rifle and pistol shooting. The following spring he returned to Columbus and secured a position in the tailoring establishment of J. P. Miller and Company as a salesman, and at various periods he gave fancy rifle shooting contests and exhibitions, carrying away championship prizes. One exhibition of special note was at Pleasantville, Ohio, in W. L. Buchannan’s Opera House in 1888. He fired some 250 shots with the rifle, held in every conceivable position, including the use of a mirror. At this exhibition six peanuts were shot from off the head of an assistant in rapid succession. In April, 1889, he joined the Stowe Brothers Circus and Wild West Shows, acting as ticket agent and treasurer, and participated in the daily performances by giving exhibition rifle shooting and rough riding, ending his exhibition shooting and riding career in 1891 in a six weeks, engagement in the City of Cleveland, where he broke eighteen broncho horses and came very near losing his life while out on parade. The mustang he was riding slipped on the street car track and fell; the rider ,s hold on the pummel of the saddle gave way as the horse jumped up quickly; the rider fell back and with his foot caught in the stirrup was dragged for a block or more before becoming extricated from his perilous position. In the fall of 1891 he entered the dramatic field and was successively with the May Henderson Company, the Carl Brehm Company and the Middaugh Musical Comedy Company and Gold Band in a tour of the Pacific Coast States, closing his connection with the last named company at Jefferson City, Missouri, in March, 1893. Returning home, he spent the summer on the farm with his brother at Maple Grove, Ohio. The following year he was connected with a stock company in Columbus, and was afterward with Rogers and Wolfe in the Way Down in Dixie Company. Subsequently he was engaged to play the leading and heavy roles with Daisy Beverly ,s Little Pansy Company, and with the Harry Choate Dramatic Company. In 1896, upon request of his mother, he left the road and entered the grocery business, which he conducted for about a year, whereupon he again entered the theatrical profession, giving gun and drum major baton spinning exhibitions in amusement parks, theaters and at the Trans-Mississippi Exposition at Omaha. Following its close he joined the Pringle Comedy Company, and was later with the Frank Reddick Stock Company in Denver, Colorado, remaining there until March, 1899, when he received tidings of his mother ,s death and immediately returned to Columbus. On the 10th of October, 1899, Mr. Behrens married Etta C. Vincent, of Columbus, a daughter of Amos Vincent, who served as a soldier in the Civil war. Mrs. Behrens is an honor graduate of the College of Music and Oratory in Cincinnati, where she studied elocution and physical culture. She taught physical culture three terms in Belmont College, Nashville, Tennessee. By her marriage she has become the mother of one son, George Lewis Behrens, Jr.; he was born June 4, 1904. In July, 1900, Mr. Behrens became connected with the life insurance business as agent for the Metropolitan Life Insurance Company, where he was soon promoted to the position as assistant superintendent. He resigned his position in November, 1902, to take the general agency for Central Ohio for the Washington Life Insurance Company of New York, and occupied that position until February, 1906, when he resigned to accept the state agency for the New Amsterdam Casualty Company of New York. He remained in the service of said company until February, 1913, at which time he became identified with the Columbus Mutual Life Insurance Company and was made managed of the accident and health department, a position he filled until May, 1914, when he left this company to organize the Globe Casualty Company of Columbus, Ohio, an Ohio corporation, and to his duties as secretary and managing executive he brought an unusual practical experience covering the insurance field and has made the company one of the most successful in the state. It is the oldest Ohio company writing all lines of accident and health insurance policies on the commercial, monthly and weekly premium plans, and he has won for himself an enviable position in insurance circles. Mr. Behrens for over a quarter of a century has given freely and liberally of his talents and time to civic, military, church and fraternal organizations. He was a charter member of the Columbus Rifles, acting as sergeant of the band, and was also connected with the Fourteenth Regiment Band, Ohio National Guards. He was instrumental in organizing the West Side Board of Trade of Columbus, serving as its first secretary for several years. His political allegiance is staunchly given to the republican party, and for two years he has served on the republican county executive committee. He is a man of marked enterprise and determination, possessing strong executive force and his cooperation with any movement is sure to further its interest. He is a member of St. Luke ,s Lutheran Church, and is now serving on the building committee of said congregation in the erection of their beautiful stone edifice at 24 E. Norwich Avenue, Columbus, Ohio. He became a member of Franklin Lodge No. 5, Knights of Pythias, of Columbus, the three ranks of knighthood being conferred upon him September 24, 1897, by special dispensation. He filled all the chairs in his subordinate lodge, served as county deputy grand chancellor in 1903 and district deputy in 1904, was an active member of the Past Chancellors, Association of Franklin County and presided one term over this body as president and was also one of the moving spirits in organizing the Pythian Association of Franklin County, serving one term as president. He planned and brought to a successful consummation the Central Ohio Pythian Jubilee, November 23, 1904, which has gone down in the history of the order as one of the largest Pythian gatherings ever held. Over 30,000 Pythians participated in the parade in the afternoon and over 500 candidates were initiated in the knight rank in the Old Goodale Street Auditorium in the evening. He served as representative to the grand lodge from 1905 to 1910, at which time he was elected grand outer guard, passing through each of the chairs in the grand lodge and presiding as grand chancellor of the order in Ohio from June, 1916, to June, 1917. He has been a faithful student of the great and learned Greek philosopher Pythagoras and is the author of a new Pythian ceremonial in which this character stands out prominently and which was exemplified at the Thirty-third Bi-annual Convention of the Supreme Lodge assembled in Toronto, Ontario, Canada, August 14, 1924, by request of the Supreme lodge officers, the title character being assumed by Mr. Behrens, assisted by his son, G. Lewis Behrens, Jr. This exemplification was enthusiastically received by the supreme lodge officers, representatives and a large attendance of the members of the order from all parts of the United States and Canada. He is also the author of a rearranged ritualistic ceremony of the knight rank as exemplified by the famous Knight Rank Team of Franklin Lodge No. 5 under his personal supervision. He has made a thorough study of all the written and unwritten ritualistic work, and has in all probability given more exemplifications of the unwritten work than any other member of the order. He has personally knighted upwards of a thousand candidates, and is regarded by the highest officials as the foremost ritualist of the order. 358 - HISTORY OF OHIO The highest honors have also come to him in the Ancient Order of Free Masonry. He became a member of Magnolia Lodge No. 20, Free and Accepted Masons, November 26, 1901; Enoch Lodge of Perfection, Ancient and Accepted Scottish Rite, November 18, 1903; Franklin Council, P. of J., Ancient and Accepted Scottish Rite, April 21, 1904; Columbus Chapter, Red Cross, Ancient and Accepted Scottish Rite, April 21, 1904; Scioto Consistory, S. P. R. S., Ancient and Accepted Scottish Rite, April 22, 1904; Aladdin Temple, Ancient Arabic Order Nobles of the Mystic Shrine, April 28, 1911; Ohio Chapter No. 12, Royal Arch Masons, May 2, 1912; Columbus Council No. 8, Royal and Select Masters, October 4, 1912; Mount Vernon Commandery No. 1, Knights Templar, November 8, 1912. He passed through the chairs in Magnolia Lodge No. 20, Free and Accepted Masons, and presided as its master from December, 1917, to December, 1918. He was elected sovereign prince of Franklin Council, P. of J., in May, 1914, which office he has held continuously, and was again unanimously reelected in May, 1924. He served as the first patron of Light O,Day Chapter No. 472, Order Eastern Star, and was appointed grand sentinel of the grand chapter at the convention in Cincinnati in 1923 by Worthy Grand Matron Dr. Florence A. Meck. His masterful exemplification of all his ritualistic ceremonies has brought him fame throughout the fraternal world. He was crowned a thirty-third degree member of the Supreme Council, N. M. J., September 18, 1918, in Boston, Massachusetts. RAYMOND M. HUGHES, president of Miami University at Oxford, has been identified with that old and honored institution of higher education for over a quarter of a century as teacher or in administrative office. Mr. Hughes, who is an alumnus of Miami, was born at Atlantic, Iowa January 14, 1873, son of Melanc- thon and Emily (Mollyneaux) Hughes. At the close of his undergraduate days in Miami University in 1893 he received the Bachelor of Arts degree. From 1895 to 1897 he was a Fellow in chemistry at Ohio State University, taking his Master of Science degree there in 1897. Later, during 1907-08, he was a special student in the Massachusetts Institute of Technology. He returned to Miami University in 1898 as professor of physics and chemistry, and held the chair of chemistry alone from 1904 to 1913. In the meantime, in 1908, he was made dean of the College of Liberal Arts, and on July 1, 1911, was designated as acting president and in June, 1913, was formally inaugurated president. He is a member of Phi Beta Kappa and Delta Kappa Epsilon, and of the American Association for the Advancement of Science. He served as secretary-treasurer of the Association of American Colleges from 1918 to 1921, as a member of the Executive Committee of American Council on Education, 1923-; and as secretary of the Commission on Higher Education of the North Central Association of Colleges and Secondary Schools, 1923-. In 1918, during the World war, he acted as educational director of the Students, Army Training Corps for the Sixth District. Mr. Hughes is a republican and a member of the Presbyterian Church. July 11, 1901, he married Ella Brainerd Rogers, of Monmouth, Illinois. EDGAR W. KING, librarian of the Miami University Library at Oxford, graduated from Oberlin College with the Bachelor of Arts degree in 1916. In 1922 he received the Master of Arts degree from Columbia University, and in the same year was awarded a diploma by the Library School of the New York Public Library. JOHN HENRY FISHER since boyhood has been identified with the glass cutting industry. He was an expert workman for twenty years or more, and for the past seven years has been identified with a cut-glass manufactring establishment at Oak Harbor known as the Oak Harbor Cut Glass Company. He is secre- tary, treasurer and general manager of this business. It was established at Oak Harbor in 1917 as the Brilliant Cut Glass Company. The next change of management took the name of the Liberty Cut Glass Company, and from that it became the Oak Harbor Cut Glass Company. Mr. Fisher has been manager of the plant since it was established. The president of the company is George McCracken, of Detroit. This is a company manufacturing a fine line of the cut table glassware. Mr. Fisher was born at Honesdale, Pennsylvania, April 15, 1871, son of John and Mary Fisher. His father in the early days was captain of canal boats on the Delaware and Hudson Canal. He served four years with a Pennsylvania regiment in the Civil war, suffering one wound in the hand, and also a sunstroke. In spite of that experience as a soldier and a very active life he is now eighty-six years of age. His wife is seventy-six, and they enjoy good health and reside at Honesdale, Pennsylvania. Their children were three sons, John Henry, Christ, a furnace man with the Libby Glass Company of Toledo, and Henry, a glass cutter in Lawrenceville, Pennsylvania. John Henry Fisher acquired his education in the parochial schools of Honesdale, and learned the glass cutting trade with the P. E. Clark plant at Honesdale. As a boy he had worked as a slate picker in the coal mines. While at Honesdale he reached the expert trade known as cutter in the glass plant. From there he went to Toledo and was a cutter in the Libby plant for some years. He was with the Brilliant Out Glass Company in Toledo until 1917, when he located at Oak Harbor. Mr. Fisher married Miss Hattie Graham, of Toledo. REV. JOSEPH R. WAECHTER has the consecrated zeal and devotion and the administrative ability that admirably equip him for the exacting responsibilities and services that are his in his pastoral charge of the old and important parish of St. Joseph’s Catholic Church in the City of Fremont, Sandusky County. The history of this parish, originally a part of that of St. Ann,s Church, has been one of interesting order, and its record is one of broad and benignant service in this community. Rev. Gabriel Richard, a French missionary, came to America in 1792, and was sixty-eight years of age at the time of his death, which occurred in Detroit, Michigan, in 1832. It is to be recorded that this zealous and devoted missionary priest visited and gave effective service in Sandusky County in the early pioneer days, and became one of the first emissaries of the Catholic Church in this section of Ohio. Here he held services in the homes of the various Catholic families, and in such ministration he was succeeded by other priests, who effectively carried forward the work. One of the number was Rev. Amadeus Rappe, who later became bishop of the diocese of Cleveland, in which he continued his administration from 1847 until his resignation in 1870, he having been venerable in years at the time of his death in 1877. Another of the early priests who likewise gave service at Fremont and other parts of Sandusky County was Rev. Father Joseph P. Macheboeuf. At Fremont the first high mass was celebrated by Rev. Martin Henni, who in 1844 became bishop of the HISTORY OF OHIO - 359 Milwaukee (Wisconsin) diocese and who was later, in 1875, consecrated archbishop. In the original St. Ann’s parish at Fremont the first resident priest to assume charge as pastor was Father Nightingale. In 1857 Rev. Father Francis X. Wenninger initiated the movement which resulted in the German element of Catholic people in the parish establishing an independent church, there having been previously but the one Catholic organization at Fremont, from 1842 to 1857, since which latter year there have been the two well ordered local parishes of St. Anns and St. Josephs. At the separation of the two parishes the original church edifice of St. Joseph,s was erected. Father Mollen gave earnest and effective service as pastor of St. Joseph,s Church, as did also his successor, Father Moos. September 21, 1862, Father Bauer assumed the pastorate, and his administration likewise was one of zealous and constructive order. Successive incumbents since that time have ably upheld the fine prestige that has ever attached to this important parish, in which there are about 500 Catholic families. The parochial school, with excellent buildings and general equipment, has a corps of fourteen sisters in charge of its various departments, its enrollment of pupils totals about 500 and the parish high school is on the accredited list of the State of Ohio. The church edifice is one of exceptional architectural consistency and attractiveness, and its beautiful interior is notable for the fine hand-carved woodwork, and ornate and beautiful ceiling, representing a high type of ecclesiastical art conception. Rev. Joseph R. Waechter, present pastor of St. Joseph’s Church and parish, is doing admirable service in furthering both the spiritual and temporal interests of his important charge, and his gracious personality and fine civic loyalty make him one of the popular citizens of Sandusky County, the while he manifests deep interest in all that concerns the communal welfare. Father Waechter was born at New Washington, Crawford County, Ohio, the founders of the Waechter family in Ohio having come to this state, from Rochester, New York, about the year 1840. The lineage traces back to Alsace, France, whence came the first representatives of the name in the United States, about the year 1820. Father Waechter completed a philosophical and theological course in St. Marys Seminary in the City of Cleveland, and on the 24th of May, 1902, he was ordained to the priesthood by Bishop Horstman. For eight years thereafter he served as assistant priest of a leading Catholic parish in the City of Tiffin, Seneca County, and thereafter he was for ten years pastor of St. Joseph’s Church at Crestline, in his native County of Crawford. In 1920 he was assigned to his present pastoral charge at Fremont. EDWARD P. QUICK is a native of Sandusky, and for many years has been identified with the undertaking business. He was with the noted old time pioneer undertaker Krupp until the latter ,s death, and he has since established a business of his own. Mr. Quick was born in Sandusky, in October, 1877, son of Philip and Fannie (Creeler) Quick. His father was born in England, but was married in Sandusky. He was well known in lake transportation circles, being a lake captain and marine engineer. He died in 1907 and his wife, in 1909. Edward P. Quick grew up in Sandusky, attending the grade and high schools to the age of seventeen. For three years he served an appreticeship at the iron workers trade, and also spent some years in the butcher trade. It was in 1904 that he became an employe of Charles J. Krupp in the undertaking business. In 1906 he passed examination and was given a license as an embalmer, and after 1909 he handled practically all the embalming work of the Krupp undertaking establishment. Mr. Krupp died May 14, 1924, and on July 1, 1924, Mr. Quick engaged in business for himself, having his parlors and undertaking rooms at 1715 Columbus Avenue. He has a business and service that ranks with the best in Northern Ohio. Mr. Quick married in 1906 Miss Mabel Hodges, who was born near Columbus, Ohio. The two children of that marriage are Charles and William, both at Sandusky. On March 4, 1921, Mr. Quick married Miss Jennie Snook, who was born at Van Lue, Ohio, daughter of Lindsey and Margaret (Taylor) Snook, her father a native of Van Lue and her mother of Carroll County, Ohio. Mr. and Mrs. Quick have one daughter, Margaret Alice. Mrs. Quick is a graduate of the Norwalk High School and a business college. They are members of the Congregational Church, and Mr. Quick is a republican and belongs to the Masonic Lodge and Grotto. SAMUEL A. SCHIEBER learned the trade of carpenter in his youth, and the result of his work as a building contractor is found in practical evidence in many of the substantial homes and other buildings of Crawford County. At the same time he has been a farm operator and owner, and is on several accounts regarded as one of Bucyrus, most substantial citizens. He was born in Liberty Township of that county December 21, 1872, a son of Jacob and Eva (Mann) Schieber. His mother was born in Stark County, Ohio, June 21, 1837. Jacob Schieber was born at Wurttemberg, Germany, in 1829, was brought to the United States when an infant, the family locating in Crawford County, where his parents spent the rest of their lives as farmers of Liberty Township. There Jacob Schieber grew up, acquired his education and married, and then took up farming. His home was in Liberty Township until his death in 1881. He had a farm of about 240 acres there, another place of 200 acres in Whetstone Township, and a farm of eighty acres in Holmes Township. He was a man of great industry and accumulated much property by his good management. He was a member of the German Lutheran Church and a democrat. Jacob Schieber and wife had nine children, and the seven now living are: John, Henry, David, Emanuel, Mary, Lizzie and Samuel A. Samuel A. Schieber was reared on his father ,s farm, and acquired a country school education. At the age of seventeen he began learning the carpenter ,s trade, and until he was twenty-one he turned over all his wages to his father. After that he worked with various contractors in Bucyrus, and at the age of twenty-three started out for himself, and the scope and importance of his work as a contractor has steadily increased during the quarter of a century he has followed the business. At the age of twenty-seven Mr. Schieber married Miss Mary Neff. After their marriage they bought a farm and lived on it for ten years. Mr. Schieber still owns 200 acres in Whetstone Township. He is also a stockholder in the Farmers and Citizens Bank of Bucyrus. Mr. and Mrs. Schieber have had their home in Bucyrus since 1910. They have three children: Howard A., born March 22, 1902, a graduate of the Bucyrus High School, now a junior in Denison University; Mabelle, born January 25, 1904, who is a high school graduate and is now attending Ohio Wesleyan University at Delaware; and Evelyn M., born June 26, 1906, completing her junior year in the Bucyrus High School. The family are members of the Evangelical Church, and Mr. Schieber 360 - HISTORY OF OHIO is one of the trustees of the church. He is an independent in politics. CHARLES W. SCHOEPFLE is a well known retired resident of Sandusky, and for many years was identified with the postal service of the city. He is a native of Sandusky, where he was born in 1862, son of Christian F. and Sarah (Kniepfle) Schoepfle. His parents were born in Germany, but were married in Sandusky, and his father had a successful position for many years as a dealer in lumber and as a sash and door manufacturer. Charles W. Schoepfle grew up at Sandusky, attended grammar and high schools, and at the age of fifteen began working in his father ,s shop. He was connected with this industry for fifteen years. Leaving the lumber business, he became a mail carrier in Sandusky, and for twenty-five years was with the postoffice, finally becoming a clerk in the main office. After five years in that service he retired on account of ill health, and now resides at 428 Jefferson Street. Mr. Schoepfle married in 1886 Rosa Hoelzaepfel, a native of Erie County. Her parents, Christian and Fredericka (Seitz) Hoelzaepfel, were born in Germany and were married in this country, her father being a farmer. Mr. and Mrs. Schoepfle have two children, Karl C. and William Henry. Karl C., a resident of Cleveland, married Bessie Till, and has a son, Carl William. Mr. Schoepfle and family are members of the Lutheran Church. He is affiliated with the Modern Woodmen of America. CHARLES SCHEID. Among the men who played an active and influential part in the business and civic life of Sandusky during the past half century, one name deserving particular mention was Charles Scheid. He was born in Sandusky, June 4, 1857. His parents, William and Caroline Scheid, had come from Germany and were settlers at Sandusky, where his father was in the liquor business. Charles Scheid after finishing a public school education learned the tinsmith ,s trade, and after a few years became a brass worker. On the death of his father he took over the business, and conducted it for seventeen years. After closing it out he lived retired in his fine home at 1326 Central Avenue, where he died March 30, 1906, and where his widow now resides. Mr. Scheid married, April 8, 1880, Christina Rupprecht. Mrs. Scheid was born in Sandusky, October 11, 1856, and her' recollections of the city and its growth and development cover a period of more than half a century. Her parents were John and Caroline (Meyers) Rupprecht, her father a native of Hesse Darmstadt, and her mother of Bremen, Germany. As young people they came to Sandusky, were married there, and her father was a shoemaker by trade. Mrs. Scheid has three children: Albert Joseph, of Sandusky; Emma, wife of Alfred Wennes,. of Sandusky; and Cora, Mrs. Allen Martin, of Sandusky. Mrs. Scheid attends the Christian Science Church. GEORGE ARTHUR BROWN was well known in marine circles in Sandusky and other points around Lake Erie, being one of the lake captains who made their home in Sandusky. He was born in Canada, in 1841, son of Joseph and Ann Brown, natives of England. George Arthur Brown grew up in Canada, and after a common school education went on the lake as a sailor, and had a steady progression through the various posts of responsibility, eventually becoming owner and captain of several lake passenger sidewheel steamers. He was owner and captain of the ship Arrow at the time of his death in 1910. He married in 1869 Emma Lamed, who was born at Sandusky in 1855, daughter of Jonathan, and Mary (Baker) Lamed, early settlers of Sandusky, where her father was a boat builder and lake captain. A year after their marriage Captain Brown built the fine home at 427 Jackson Street, Sandusky, where Mrs. Brown resides. The children born to their marriage were: Verdi, married to James Stark at Toledo, Ohio ; Von Daltion, who died at the age of four years; Vere Arthur, who died in infancy; and Victor Waldo, of Sandusky, who married Ruth Sanderson and has a son, Wayne Victor. Captain Brown was a Methodist, a republican, and a thirty-second degree Scottish Rite Mason. BYRON A. CROSIER was for half a century an industrious and capable citizen and business man of Sandusky, where his name and family are held in high esteem. He was born at Vermilion, Ohio, February 5, 1844, son of Philander F. and Mary E. (Brooks) Crosier, and a grandson of John Crosier. His father was a native of England, while his mother was born in Vermilion, Ohio. Byron A. Crosier attended common schools in Vermilion, and for several years was in the service of the Lake Shore & Michigan Southern Railway Company. In about 1865 he moved to Sandusky, and was engaged in the grocery business a short time, and then went with the United States Express Company, serving as shipping clerk in Cleveland two years, and then returning to Sandusky and for thirty-five years was with the local offices of the express company. He was an expert in traffic rates and regulations, and from the express company he entered the service of the American Crayon Company, and was with that industry as shipping clerk for twenty-two years. He married, May 6, 1869, Anzonetta Whitworth, who was born at Paterson, New Jersey, December 4, 1850, daughter of Jonathan and Nancy (Wallach) Whitworth, natives of England, and granddaughter of. John Whitworth. Mrs. Crosier has one daughter, Elsie Elizabeth, who is connected with the American Crayon Company. Mr. Crosier belongs to the Bible Students Association and his family are all members of the Methodist Church. He is independent in politics. Mrs. Crosier is a member of the Relief Corps, and her daughter belongs to the business Girls, Association. JOHN BECK. During a long period of years the late John Beck was one of the highly respected citizens of Sandusky, where he was engaged in the cigar-making business. His career was one in which he worked his own way upward from small beginnings to a position of influence and business prominence, gaining and holding the respect and esteem of those with whom he was associated. Mr. Beck was born in March, 1847, in Germany, and was a youth when he accompanied his parents to America, the family first settling at Buffalo, New York. A few years later Mr. Beck came to Sandusky, and here applied himself to the trade of cigar-making, in which he was engaged for some years as a journeyman. His death at Gardenville, New York, in 1918, lost to this city one of its public-spirited citizens. Politically Mr. Beck was a stanch republican, while his religious affiliation was with the Presbyterian Church. Fraternally he was identified with the Independent Order of Odd Fellows. On December 3, 1871, Mr. Beck was united in marriage with Miss Mary Stahl, who was born at Sandusky in April, 1851, a daughter of George and Eliza (Rhinemiller) Stahl, the former born in Bavaria, Germany, September 25, 1825, and the latter in Hesse Darmstadt, Germany. In 1834 Mr. Stahl accompanied his parents to the United States, the family settling HISTORY OF OHIO - 361 at New York City, and subsequently moving to Erie, New York, where the parents died. Mr. Stahl came to Sandusky in 1848. In 1850 he embarked in the retail liquor business on Water Street, and for fifteen years continued therein, but in 1865 entered the wholesale liquor and tobacco business, and also conducted a popular restaurant, all of these enterprises being markedly successful. Mr. Stahl,s progressiveness is shown in the fact that he manufactured the first ice cream sold at Sandusky, where he also brought the first celery for his restaurant patrons, while Mrs. Stahl had the distinction of bringing to the city the first baking powder. Mr. Stahl was also not unknown to public life. In his early years in the city he served as infirmary director, later he was chief engineer of the Sandusky Fire Department, and finally was elected county treasurer of Erie County, a position in which he served for one term. His death occurred February 22, 1912. Mr. and Mrs. Beck became the parents of the following children: George Stahl, Arthur John, and Elsie M., now the wife of Daniel E. Welch, and the mother of two sons, George Edwin and Franklin William, all residing with Mrs. Beck. THOMAS E. B. RISK. One of Sandusky’s substantial and representative citizens is Thomas Emery B. Risk, who is engaged in the real estate business, and formerly for many years was identified with the United States Express Company. Mr. Risk is a self-made man, having won his way upward unassisted from boyhood, at the age of fourteen years being left alone, with but meager educational equipment and no available capital. Thomas Emery Buchanan Risk was born near Haynes Corners, Ripley County, Indiana, January 23, 1869, a son of James M. and Charlotta (Gordon) Risk, the latter of whom was born in Ripley County, and the former near Barbersville, Indiana. He came from old pioneer stock, his paternal grandparents, James and Susan (Buchanan) Risk as well as his maternal grandparents, Dr. Jonathan W. and Mary (Shrieves) Gordon, belonging to the same era as Daniel Boone, when in Indiana and Kentucky the only safe refuge from the Indians were the block houses that marked for years many a tragic spot in pioneer history. The father of Mr. Risk served through the Civil war as a soldier in the Thirty-second Indiana Volunteer Infantry, and after his return to Indiana engaged in farming, but the hardships of army life had sapped his constitution and he died a victim of consumption in 1883. For a number of years after starting out, dependant on his own efforts, Mr. Risk worked for famers by the month in the neighborhood of Lafayette, Indiana, then in the village for a. short time, and after that tried soliciting for a business college, with courage and determination making every possible effort to honestly advance himself. Thus he accepted a job as truckman on the Lake Erie & Western Railroad, on which line he later became a brakeman and thereby came into touch with the United States Express Company, for which organization he worked for sixteen continuous years as agent on the above railroad between Peoria, Illinois, and Lafayette, Indiana. During this time he sought other business opportunities, as occasion offered, and in the handling of real estate found a congenial line of business, in which he embarked after retiring from the express company, in which he still has many friends among both officials and associates. After his marriage he settled permanently at Sandusky, in which city he has built up a substantial business connection and become a valued and respected citizen. Mr. Risk married, November 9, 1898, Miss Sophronia Henkins, daughter of Leath and Nancy Ann (Lee) Henkins, of Jefferson County, Indiana, and they have five children : Gay, Thomas Raymond, Wilbert Lee Gordon, James Emery and Robert Charles Aaron. Mr. Risk owns his handsome, modern residence at No. 220 East Madison Street, and has other city property. With his family he belongs to the Christian Church. Fraternally he is a member of the Order of Maccabees, and in political sentiment has always been a democrat. OLIVER F. RINDERLE is one of the prominent young business men of his native city of Sandusky, where he is the executive head of and owns the controlling interest in the Brown Clutch Company, one of the important industrial concerns of the city. His experience in connection with industrial affairs has been exceptionally wide and varied, as later data in this review will indicate more specifically. Mr. Rinderle was born in Sandusky on the 13th of May, 1888, and is a son of Frank X. and Louise (Scherer) Rinderle, both natives of Germany. Frank X. Rinderle is now living retired, and still maintains his home in Sandusky, his wife having died in 1912, as the result of severe injuries she received when badly burned in an accident. Oliver F. Rinderle attended the public schools, and at the age of sixteen years had completed a course in the Sandusky Business College and initiated practical service as stenographer in the office of a local business concern. As stenographer and secretary he continued his effective services for a term of years, and it may be noted that in 1906-7 he was sales correspondent for the National Carbon Company of Cleveland; that in 1908-9 he was secretary to Colonel Devol, chief quartermaster of the Isthmian Canal Commission at Panama ; and that in the period of 1910-12 he was secretary to Hon. A. P. Davis, chief engineer of the United States Reclamation Service, Washington, D. C. In 1912 he returned to Sandusky and became assistant and secretary to the late J. J. Dauch president of the Hinde & Dauch Paper Company and the Dauch Manufacturing Company. In 1918 he was made president of the latter corporation, which was engaged in the manufacture of farm tractors, and in January, 1922, he assumed the office of treasurer of the Hinde & Dauch Paper Company. He severed his association with this corporation in January, 1924, when he purchased the controlling interest in the plant and business of the Brown Clutch Company, of which he has since continued the presidency. This company, with a modern plant of the best equipment, manufactures friction clutches and hoisting machinery, and maintains a foundry devoted to the manufacturing of brass, bronze, gray-iron and aluminum products. Mr. Rinderle is significantly liberal and progressive both as a citizen and a business man, and at the time of this writing, in the summer of 1924, he is giving an effective administration as president of the Sandusky Chamber of Commerce. He is an active member of the local Rotary Club and the Plum Brook Country Club, and he and his wife are members of the First Congregational Church of Sandusky, of which he is a trustee. In June, 1912, Mr. Rinderle wedded Miss Ada E. Crass, who likewise was born and reared in Sandusky, and whose father, Martin Crass, was born in Holland. Mr. and Mrs. Rinderle have two sons, Oliver F., Jr., and Karl T. FREDERICK W. GREEN, one of the prominent young men in financial affairs of the city and assistant treasurer of the Home Savings & Loan Company, the pioneer institution of its kind in Youngstown and the second largest savings and loan association in Ohio, was born at Youngstown June 24, 1888. His father, Fred S. Green, who was born in England, married Mary Davies, born in Pittsburgh, Pennsyl- 362 - HISTORY OF OHIO vania, and moved to Youngstown, where he spent some years in the steel mills of the Mahoning Valley until he became engaged in the contract painting and decorating trade. Frederick W. Green received his education in the public schools of Youngstown. His first employment was selling newspapers, which he did for four years. In 1906 he entered the services of the Home Savings & Loan Company and has remained with this institution. All of his training has been received with this company and his natural ability has brought him the responsibilities he assumes as its assistant treasurer and building manager. He is also a director and assistant secretary and treasurer of the Abstract & Real Estate Company. On August 4, 1914, Mr. Green married Ruth Hazel Haileston of Painsville, Ohio, a daughter of William and Lillias (McMillan) Haileston, who were born in Scotland. The two children of Mr. and Mrs. Green are : Wanda Ruth, born August 29, 1916, and Billy Carlton, born August 29, 1918. Mr. Green was formerly a member of the Wilson Avenue Baptist Church and superintendent of its Sunday school for eleven years but is now affiliated with the Central Christian Church. He is a republican and a member of the Masonic order. MORISON REMICH WAITE, Cincinnati lawyer, was born at Toledo, Ohio, December 13, 1866, son of Henry S. and Ione (Brown) Waite. He took his bachelor degree at the Yale University in 1888, his law degree in Cincinnati College in 1890, and since that year has been engaged in practice at Cincinnati, largely involving railroad and corporation law. He served as local attorney in 1905, as general solicitor from 1909 to 1917 of the Cincinnati, Hamilton & Dayton Railway Company, was general solicitor in 1911-14 of the Baltimore & Ohio Southwestern, was general attorney for Ohio & Indiana of the Baltimore & Ohio system in 1917-18, and since 1918 has been general solicitor for the Baltimore & Ohio Railway, western lines. He has been active in the cause of good. government at Cincinnati, serving on the executive committee of the Citizen,s Municipal Party from 1901 to 1906; he is a trustee of Kenyon College, the Ohio Mechanics Institute, Diocese of Southern Ohio, and the Children,s Hospital. WILLIAM OSCAR LOUDENSLAGEL owns and conducts the Sandusky Business College, which he maintains at a high standard of efficiency in all of its departments, and he has incidentally the distinction of thus being the head of one of the pioneer institutions of the kind not only in Ohio but in the United States, as the Sandusky Business College is the lineal successor of the Buckeye Business College, which was here founded in 1865, by E. A. Hall. The college has given effective service during the long intervening years, and former students are to be found. prominently identified with commercial and other lines of business enterprise throughout the Union—from Maine to California. The college has kept in line with the advances made in methods and mediums of business education, and under the present administration is giving its maximum service, with facilities of the best grade in all departments and with an able corps of instructors. The college is represented in membership in the National Association of Accredited Commercial Schools, the purpose of this organization being to advance the standards of individual schools, so that the entire system of privately controlled commercial schools may constitute a most valuable part of the educational machinery of the country. Mr. Loudenslagel was born at Flat Rock, Seneca County, Ohio, October 28, 1885, and is a son of the late Wilson and Mary (Ware) Loudenslagel, his father having been for many years engaged in the operation of threshing machines. After his course in high school at Bellevue, Huron County, Mr. Loudenslagel completed a normal course in Heidelberg College, at Tiffin, in 1905. He made a record as a successful teacher in the district schools of his native county, and in 1906, became a student in the business college of which he is now the owner. From 1907 until 1918 he was a valued member of the faculty of the Sandusky Business College, and in the latter year he purchased the institution, which he has since conducted with unqualified success, the college being in active operation throughout the entire year. Mr. Loudenslagel and his wife are communicants of the parish of Grace Church, Protestant Episcopal. He is a valued member of the local chamber of commerce and the Kiwanis Club, and is affiliated with the Masonic fraternity. In 1911 was solemnized the marriage of Mr. Loudenslagel and Miss Christina Loth, who was born and reared in Sandusky and who is a daughter of Joseph Loth. Mr. and Mrs. Loudenslagel have three children: William Oscar, Jr., Martha Ann and Mary Esther. OTTO CARL HOLZAEPFEL is one of the representative business men of the younger generation in his native city of Sandusky, where he is secretary, treasurer and general manager of the Sandusky Tool Company. Mr. Holzaepfel likewise had the distinction of being one of the gallant young men who represented Ohio in overseas military service in the World war. Otto C. Holzaepfel was born in Sandusky, on the 6th of February, 1888, and is a son of Frederick and Tena (Wagner) Holzaepfel, the father likewise having been born and reared in Sandusky and having here become a prosperous ice dealer. The subject of this review received the advantages of the public schools of his native city, including the high school, and thereafter completed a course in the Sandusky Business College. At the age of eighteen years he assumed the position of stenographer in the offices of the Sandusky Tool Company, in 1910 he was advanced to the position of bookkeeper, and in 1916 he became assistant treasurer of the company, the office of which he was the incumbent at the time he entered World war service. In September, 1917, Mr. Holzaepfel enlisted in the Fifteenth United States Cavalry, with which he was stationed at Douglas, Arizona. In connection with the military remount service he went to France in March, 1918, and took a number of good horses to the front. He continued in service for an appreciable period after the armistice brought the war to a close, and, with the grade of squadron sergeant major, he received his honorable discharge September 9, 1919. In the following month he resumed his position with the Sandusky Tool Company, and of the same he has been the secretary, treasurer and general manager since January, 1921, William L. Allendorf being president of the company, and E. E. Stephens, its vice president. Mr. Holzaepfel is aligned in the ranks of the republican party, has received in the time-honored Masonic fraternity the thirty-second degree of the Scottish Rite, besides being a noble of Zenobia Temple of the Mystic Shrine. He is serving at the time of this writing (1924) as excellent king of his chapter of Royal Arch Masons, as captain of the guard. in his Council of Royal and Select Masters, and as standard bearer of the Commandery of Knights Templar. He maintains affiliations also with the American Legion and the Knights of Pythias, and is a member of the Congregational Church. HISTORY OF OHIO - 363 GUY MANAUGH, one of the organizers and the secretary and treasurer of the Sandusky Packing Company, has gained place as one of the vital and progressive business men of Sandusky, and his effective policies and management are making the success of his company one of constantly increasing tendencies. Mr. Manaugh was born at Madison, Indiana, September 11, 1883, and is a son of Andrew and Louise Manaugh, the father having been one of the substantial farmers of that section of the Hoosier State, and the widowed mother being still a resident of Madison. Guy Manaugh profited by the advantages of the public schools of his native county, and thereafter took a course in a business college in the City of Indianapolis. For two years thereafter he was bookkeeper for a firm engaged in the meat business in the capital city of Indiana, and during the ensuing ten years he was a salesman in a meat-packing house at Logansport, Indiana. He next gave two years to the conducting of a meat brokerage business in the City of Detroit, Michigan, and it was after this experience that he came to Sandusky and effected the organization of the Sandusky Packing Company, of which he has since continued the secretary and treasurer, W. C. Routh being president of the company and J. H. Routh, its vice president. In civic as well as business affairs Mr. Manaugh is distinctly liberal and progressive, and in national politics he supports the cause of the democratic party. In the Masonic fraternity he has received the thirty-second degree of the Scottish Rite and is affiliated with the Veiled Prophets. He has membership also in the Knights of Pythias, and is an active member of the Plum Brook Golf Club. He attends and supports the Presbyterian Church, of which his wife is an active member. The year 1911 recorded the marriage of Mr. Manaugh and Miss Cordelia Routh, daughter of William C. and Sarah Routh, of Logansport, Indiana, her father, as noted in the preceding paragraph, being president of the Sandusky Packing Company. Mr. and Mrs. Manaugh have two children, William and Louise, and the son functions with vitality under the more familiar name of "Bill." WILLIAM J. FISHER is a native son of Erie County and here has became one of the substantial business men of Sandusky, the metropolis and judicial center of the county, where he is secretary, treasurer and general manager of the Sandusky Sash, Door & Lumber Company, one of the important industrial concerns of the city. This company was organized in 1884 by the Bennett Brothers, and in 1905 the business was purchased by the J. M. Hastings Lumber Company of Pittsbuigh, Pennsylvania. In 1913 Edward M. Vietmeier became the sole owner of the business, of which he continued in control until his death in 1917. On the 1st of January, 1920 the business was incorporated under the present title, and the personnel of its official corps is here noted: E. H. Vietmeier, president; Mrs. Mary A. Vietmeier, vice president; and William J. Fisher, secretary, treasurer and general manager. The company conducts a general lumber business, and operates a well equipped planing mill and also a carpenter shop, with an average force of thirty-five employes throughout the entire year. The business is largely confined to Erie County, and proves a valuable adjunct to the service of the leading contractors and builders in the City of Sandusky. William J. Fisher was born at Milan, Erie County, on the 21st of January, 1889, and is a son of John and Helen (Diehl) Fisher, both likewise natives of Erie County, the former having been a son of Anthony and Emma Fisher, who were born in Germany, and his widow being a daughter of Philip and Mary Diehl, who likewise were born in Germany, the respective families having long been established in Erie County. John Fisher was successfully engaged in the coal and meat business at Milan at the time of his death, February 26, 1921, and there his widow still maintains her home. The public-school education of William J. Fisher included the discipline of the Milan High School, and thereafter he was graduated from the Sandusky Business College. His entire business career has been in connection with the concern of which he is now the general manager, as well as secretary and treasurer. He became a clerk in the office of this company in 1909, later served as bookkeeper and stenographer, was then advanced to the position of estimator, and that his efficient services have not lacked appreciation is shown in his being now the chief active executive of the company. Mr. Fisher is a democrat in his political proclivities, he is an active and valued member of the Sandusky Chamber of Commerce, and is affiliated with the Knights of Columbus and the local lodge of the Benevolent and Protective Order of Elks. He and his wife are communicants of St. Mary’s Catholic Church. In 1915 was solemnized the marriage of Mr. Fisher and Miss Alice Callan, who was born at Huron, this state, and whose parents, Barney and Bridget (McQuillan) Callan, were born in Ireland. Mr. and Mrs. Fisher have a fine son, William John, Jr., born February 1, 1922. WALLACE F. JUDD is one of the leading young attorneys of the Youngstown bar, and has proved himself a broad minded and public spirited citizen, taking an influential part in many phases of the city ,s public, religious and social life. Mr. Judd was born at Dixon, Illinois, September 4, 1890, son of Asa G. and Carrie (Fuller) Judd. His father was also born at Dixon, while his mother was a native of Ottawa, Illinois. Asa G. Judd since 1899 has lived at Warren, Ohio, and is now retired. Wallace F. Judd attended Warren High School for two years, and in 1908 was graduated from a noted preparatory school, Wyoming Seminary, at Kingston, Pennsylvania. He then entered Princeton University, graduating Bachelor of Arts in 1912. He took his law course in the University of Michigan, graduating Bachelor of Laws in 1915. Mr. Judd was admitted to the Michigan bar in 1915, to the Illinois bar in 1916, to the Ohio bar in 1918, and on May 14, 1923, was admitted to practice in the United States District Court. After graduating in 1915 he became identified with the claim department of the Fidelity and Casualty Company of New York in the Chicago office. In April, 1917, he was made examiner for the branch office at Kansas City, Missouri, and on October 1, 1917, came to Youngstown, where for five years he was an associate in the prominent law firm of Harrington, DeFord, Heim and Osborne. Since October 1, 1922, Mr. Judd has carried on an individual law practice, with offices in the Wick Building. During 1917-18 he was a member of the Mahoning County Legal Advisory Draft Board. He is active in the County, Ohio State and American Bar associations, is on the Board of Governors of the Optimist Club of Youngstown, is a former president of the Princeton Alumni Association of Youngstown, a member of Dial Lodge of Princeton University, and belongs to the Chamber of Commerce. A republican, he acted as chairman of the Hoover Republican Campaign Committee for. Mahoning County in 1920. He is a deacon in the First Presbyterian Church and a teacher in the Sunday school. On October 16, 1915, at Scranton, Pennsylvania, 364 - HISTORY Mr. Judd married Miss Margaret Wylie, who was born in Rutherford, New Jersey, daughter of Henry C. and Katharine (Wynkoop) Wylie. Her father was a native of Brooklyn, New York, and her mother of Newtown, Pennsylvania. Mr. and Mrs. Judd have one son, Wallace Wylie, born March 10, 1917. JOHN GROVER HEYMAN is engaged in the wholesale and retail trade in Sandusky as a dealer in flour, feed and coal, with a well equipped establishment at 410 Reese Street. Mr. Heyman was born at Monroeville, Huron County, Ohio, in the year 1884, and is a son of Frank William and Rose C. (Boehm) Heyman, both likewise natives of Huron County, where the former was born at Hunts Corners and the latter at Standersburg. John P. and Jeanette (Scheid) Heyman, paternal grandparents of the subject of this sketch, were born in Germany and became early settlers in Huron County, Ohio, where they passed the remainder of their lives. The maternal grandfather, John Boehm, likewise was born in Germany and became a pioneer settler in Huron County. Frank W. Heyman succeeded his father-in-law, John Boehm, in the flour milling business at Monroeville, and was one of the substantial citizens and representative business men of that place at the time of his death, in 1902, his widow passing away in June, 1911. John G. Heyman continued his studies in the public schools of his native place until his graduation from high school in 1903, and thereafter he pursued a higher course of study by attending fine old Kenyon College at Gambier, Ohio. From June, 1905, until January, 1907, he was a traveling salesman for the Heyman Milling Company, and he then assumed the management of the company,s branch in the City of Sandusky. He continued his effective service in this capacity until July 1, 1912, when he established his present independent business, as a wholesale and retail dealer in flour, feed and coal, large and substantial success having attended his vigorous and well directed activities in the management of this enterprise. He is a democrat in political qualification and allegiance, and is affiliated with the Masonic fraternity and the Benevolent and Protective Order of Elks. Mr. Heyman has taken lively interest in the affairs of the Erie County Agricultural Society, and served one term as a director of this organization. December 31, 1921, recorded the marriage of Mr. Heyman and Miss Ella Amelia Lee, who was born and reared in Sandusky and who is a daughter of Charles Frederick and Elizabeth (Pfisterer) Lee, the former of whom was born at Birmingham, this state, and the latter in Sandusky. John and Sarah (Brewer) Lee, paternal grandparents of Mrs. Heyman, were born in the Birmingham district of Erie County, and her maternal grandparents, Louis and Elizabeth (Buck) Pfisterer, were born near Massillon, Stark County. Mr. and Mrs. Heyman have a daughter, Rose Elizabeth, born February 3, 1923. HENRY J. SCHILLER, attorney-at-law and successful realtor, is one of the well-known men of Sandusky and Erie County, and one whose present position is entirely due to his own efforts, for he is self-educated. He was born in Erie County, October 15, 1873, a son of George S. and Mary (Biegler) Schiller, natives of Bavaria, Germany, and Cincinnati, Ohio, respectively. She was a daughter of one of the first contractors of Cincinnati, who had his own brick yard and burned the brick, lime and other materials he used in his operations. George S. Schiller came to Cincinnati, Ohio, in 1854, and was married in that city. A gardener by trade, he. worked at his calling there and after he located at Sandusky in 1861. His death occurred in this city in April, 1897, but his widow survives him and resides in Sandusky, although she is a very aged lady, having been born in 1838. Mr. Schiller, of this review, had but few educational advantages, but he has always been ambitious, and after studying alone, was able to pass the high school examinations in 1905, and a year later the state bar examination, and was admitted to the bar in 1906. Immediately thereafter he entered upon the practice of his profession. In the course of his practice he became interested in real estate, and has handled property in various parts of the county, and is a recognized authority on real-estate law. On September 15, 1897, Mr. Schiller married Lillian Virginia Lowe, born at McKeesport, Pennsylvania, a daughter of John A. and Anna (Leigh) Lowe, natives of Virginia and Pennsylvania, respectively. Mrs. Schiller attended the graded schools of Columbus, Ohio, and the high schools of Galveston, Texas. She traces her ancestry back in a direct line on the paternal side to a Revolutionary soldier, and to one of the War of 1812, and her father was a Union veteran. Mr. and Mrs. Schiller have no children. He was reared in the faith of the German Lutheran Church; she is a Baptist. In political belief he is a republican. Fraternally he maintains membership with the Masonic Order and with the Eagles. He holds Carnegie Medal Number 50 for saving the life of Wendell Tussing from drowning at Lakeside, Ohio, August 30, 1905. For this act of heroism Congress also bestowed upon him a silver medal. In this brave act, which resulted in saving a human being, Mr. Schiller risked his own life, and showed the courage inherent in his character. LOUIS W. HERBEL. One of the most admirable features of modern humanitarianism is the maintenance of comfortable homes for the indigent in which they may pass the remainder of their lives. Far and wide the Erie County Home is known as one of the models elf its class, and much of this reputation has been gained because of the efficient management of its superintendent, Louis W. Herbel, a practical farmer and good business man. Louis W. Herbel was born at Sandusky, in 1855, a son of John and Catherine (Weir) Herbel, natives of Baden, Germany, who in 1852 located at Sandusky. By trade the father was a sawyer. and found ready employment in the sawmill at Milan, Ohio, during the period that lake boats were made in the shipyards at that point. Subsequently he bought a farm in Oxford Township, and on it he and his wife both died. Growing up on this farm, Louis W. Herbel learned the fundamental principles of agriculture in his youth, and continued to reside with his parents until his marriage, in 1880, when he moved to Milan, but a year later began working on different farms. For some years he was engaged in operating a farm in Lime Township, but later moved to Sandusky and for five years was employed by the Hodgeman Manufacturing Company. From that concern he went to the Warren Electric Company as a mechanic, and continued with it until March, 1913, when he received his present appointment, resigning from his former position to take up his new duties. The home has a farm of 100 acres, and the land is operated at a profit and provides the inmates of the refuge with wholesome food. On January 11, 1880, Mr. Herbel married Louisa Keller, born at Milan, Ohio, a daughter of Joseph and Barbara Keller, natives of Switzerland. Mr. and Mrs. Herbel have one son, Fred J., who is corresponding agent for the Matthews Engineering Company. He married Cora Marquart, and they have one daughter, Marjory. Mr. and Mrs. Herbel belong to the German Lutheran Church. He is a democrat, and has been active in local politics. A hard-working, HISTORY OF OHIO - 365 frugal man, he has made good use of his opportunities, and is held in high esteem by all who knows him. WILLIAM M. LUTTENTON, district agent for Erie County of the Mutual Life Insurance Company of New York, with headquarters at Sandusky, is one of the ablest insurance men of Ohio, and a man whose knowledge of insurance and expertness in his line of business are unquestioned. Since coming to Sandusky he has not only built up his company,s business, but he has won warm appreciation from his fellow citizens. He was born near Jonesville, Michigan, September 5, 1879, a son of Eugene B. and Clara Amelia (Housknecht) Luttenton, natives of Jackson County, Michigan, and Pennsylvania, respectively. The father was a farmer, and died January 23, 1884. The mother survives and makes her home at Concord, Michigan. At the age of nineteen years William M. Luttenton was graduated from the high school of his native place, and then began working for the Western Union Telegraph Company, and continued with it for eighteen months, during that time being in different parts of the country. He then became a troubleman for the Bellevue Telephone Company, and in September, 1904, located at Willard, Ohio. Eighteen months later he was sent to Monroeville, Ohio, and spent the succeeding thirteen years in its environs, being manager of the telephone company of that locality. It was in 1912 that he entered the insurance field with the Ohio State Life Insurance Company as part time agent, but resigned his position with it in August, 1915, to become agent for the Mutual Life Insurance Company of New York, and made so excellent a record with that concern that in March, 1919, he was promoted to his present position, and has since then made Sandusky his home. In December, 1903, Mr. Luttenton married Maude Benson, born near Jonesville, Michigan, a daughter of George and Mary (Culver) Benson, natives of Michigan and New York, respectively. Mr. and Mrs. Luttenton became the parents of the following children: Ralph Benson, Harold Eugene and Mary Louise. Mr. Luttenton is a member of the Methodist Episcopal Church,. is secretary of the Men,s Class, and while at Monroeville, served for three terms as superintendent of the board of public affairs. While he is a democrat, he is very liberal in his political views. The Masonic fraternity has in him a zealous member, and he is a past master of Roby Lodge No. 534, Free and Accepted Masons, of Monroeville. He also belongs to the Sandusky Grotto, Erie Commandery No. 23, Sandusky Lodge No. 285, Benevolent and Protective Order of Elks, the Kiwanis Club, being chairman of the classification committee of the club, and to the Sandusky Chamber of Commerce. CHARLES PAIGE CALDWELL. The late Charles Paige Caldwell was a man of whom too much in praise cannot be said, for he was an honorable and upright man and good citizen, who for many years was connected with the affairs of Sandusky, first for a long period in an editorial capacity, and later as a public official. His career was filled with useful accomplishments and kindly deeds, and his memory is cherished by all who had the honor of his acquaintance. Charles Paige Caldwell was born at Bristol, Ohio, January 27, 1852, a son of Eben Eckman and Harriet (Cox) Caldwell, natives of Trumbull County, Ohio. After he had been for a time a student of Hiram College, Charles Paige Caldwell was taken by his father to Murfreesboro, Tennessee, and placed on the large plantation in its vicinity which was owned by the older man. With the outbreak of the war between the North and the South they returned to Ohio. It was at the age of seventeen years that Charles Paige Caldwell began his connection with the newspaper business, in a reportorial capacity, and gradually progressed in his work until in 1873 he came to Sandusky to become managing editor of the daily and Sunday Register, and held this responsible position for the succeeding twenty-years. Later he was appointed deputy collector of customs at Sandusky, and continued as such until 1922, when he retired. His death occurred February 10, 1924, terminating a life that had been spent in service for others. In 1879 Mr. Caldwell married Sophia A. Bickley, born at Malone, New York, in 1860, a daughter of John and Sarah D. (Russell) Bickley, natives of Malone, New York, and France respectively. Mr. and Mrs. Caldwell had two children, Harriet C. and Harry E., the latter being unmarried and an express-messenger for the Pennsylvania Railroad. Harriet C. Caldwell is the wife of Edwin Bert Fenton, assistant editor of the Bronx Home News at New York City. Mr. and Mrs. Fenton have six children, namely: Charles B., who is sporting editor of the Sandusky Register, and Eben, Garwood, Maurice, Marian and Harry, all of whom reside at Sandusky. Mr. Caldwell was a stanch republican, but his time was too much occupied for him to desire political preferment. STROTHER B. JACKSON. Among the attorneys of the younger generation practicing at the Dayton bar, none has made more rapid strides toward prominence and success in his profession that Strother B. Jackson. Mr. Jackson has been a resident of Dayton since 1914, but has been engaged in the practice of his profession only since 1921. During this time, however, he has made great progress, not only in his calling but in public affairs, and is one of the active democrats of Montgomery County. Mr. Jackson was born in May 19, 1889, in Champaign County, Ohio, near Urbana, and is a son of James W. and Mary (Bird) Jackson, both of whom survive as residents of Delaware, Ohio, where James W. Jackson is a well-known building contractor. Strother B. Jackson was given the advantages of a public school education in Delaware County, Ohio, and was a member of the graduating class of 1908 at the Ostrander High School of that county. At that time he went to Marion, Ohio, where he secured employment with the Huber Manufacturing Company, but subsequently returned to Delaware and became associated with his father in the general contracting business. After being thus engaged for several years, in 1914 he came to Dayton and here entered the plant of the National Cash Register Company. It was while he was thus employed that he decided to adopt the law as his profession, but he was not possessed of means with which to secure the necessary training, and in the meantime was forced to earn his living. This problem he solved by working during the days and then studying law at nights in the office of Frank Krehbeil of Dayton, eventually going to Cincinnati, where he entered Judge Frank R. Gusweiler’s well-known "quiz class." He was admitted to the bar in June, 1921, at which time he entered actively upon the practice of his profession, in which he has been engaged to the present, and now occupies four rooms in the Reibold Building, Dayton. From the start Mr. Jackson has been the recipient of some of the best kind of practice that falls to the lot of the attorney, and he now has a large and imposing clientele, including some of the leading business houses of the city. In 1924 he was chosen as the democratic candidate for the office of prosecuting attorney for Montgomery County. He has been a prominent figure in local democratic circles for several years, and prior to coming to Dayton had been a member of the Delaware County Central Committee of his party. Mr. Jackson holds high rank among the legists of his adopted community, and in addition to being a 366 - HISTORY OF OHIO member of the various organizations of his calling, is president of the X-L Lawyers Club of Dayton. He also holds membership in the Independent Order of Odd Fellows. All worthy movements pertaining to the betterment of his community have received his active support, and his standing as a citizen is high. Mr. Jackson is unmarried. HENRY KUEMMEL. One of the industries that of late years has assumed important proportions is that of manufacturing non-alcoholic beverages, and one of the concerns that is successfully engaged in this line of production is the Bass Island Vineyards Company, manufacturers of unfermented grape juice. The excellent quality of the product of this company has led to large sales and extended trade connections until it is one of the leaders in its specialty in Ohio. The active president of this company is Henry Kuemmel, who since 1912 has been a useful citizen of Sandusky. Henry Kuemmel was born in Germany, in 1860, a son of Johanes and Ann Elizabeth (Keim) Kuemmel, natives of Germany who died in that country. Brought up on a farm, Henry Kuemmel remained in Germany until 1893, and in that year came to Sandusky and worked at whatever he could find to do for a year. Later he worked in the local vineyards and fisheries, and then, in 1901, went into partnership with a Mr. Hitchcock, and for a year was engaged in fishing. Subsequently he bought his partner ,s interest, and continued the business alone for fourteen years, and then sold it. In the meanwhile, with sagacious foresight, he had bought land on Middle Bass Island and began raising grapes. By 1906 he was cultivating twenty-two acres of vineyards, and with others organized the Bass Island Vineyards, a stock company of which he has been president since 1906. In 1912 he returned to Sandusky, and has since made this city his headquarters. Rudolph Siefield is vice president of the company; John W. Kuemmel is secretary and treasurer; and these gentlemen, with Peter F. Long, Stewart Fox, S. M. Johannsen and Henry Burggraf, form the directorate. In 1909 the company purchased lots on Campbell Street, and the following year built a large, two-story plant, a brick structure 125x80 feet, with boiler and steaming rooms. In 1900 Mr. Kuemmel married Jennie Wilhelm, born at Sandusky, a daughter of John and Elizabeth (Hein) Wilhelm, natives of Germany and Sandusky, respectively. Mr. and Mrs. Kuemmel had the following children born to them: John Wilhelm, August Oliver Perry, and Conrad Henry, all of whom reside at Sandusky. Mr. Kuemmel attends the Lutheran Church. He is a republican, and while residing on Middle Bass Island served on the school board for eight years. Fraternally he belongs to the Knights of the Maccabees and to the Loyal Order of Moose, as well as to several social organizations. An excellent business man and good citizen, Mr. Kuemmel stands deservedly high in public esteem. WILLIAM DALLAS HOYER, M. D. One of the representative citizens and well established physicians of Sandusky is Dr. William Dallas Hoyer, who has served as city health officer and in other public professional capacities. He comes of old Ohio pioneer stock, and was born at Millersburg, Ohio, July 7, 1875, son of William Exline and Amada F. (Harriss) Hoyer, natives of Holmes County, Ohio. His father at one time was superintendent of the public schools of Millersburg, Ohio. After completing his public school course at Columbus, William D. foyer pursued his studies in Ohio Wesleyan University and completed his medical course in the Ohio Medical University, from which he was graduated in 1900. Doctor Hoyer opened his first office at Columbus, and was engaged in medical practice there for four years, removing to Sandusky in 1904. After eleven years there he went to Cleveland, in 1915, where he remained for three years and was then at Columbus for four and one-half years, returning to Sandusky in 1923. He has built up a large and substantial practice here, and has high standing in his profession. Doctor Hoyer married, April 14, 1897, Miss Helen Monroe, who was born at Columbus, daughter of Peter and Magdalena (Schneider) Monroe, the former of whom was born in Scotland and the latter in New York City. Doctor and Mrs. Hoyer have three children : Emerson Monroe, Helen M. and Doris K. The two latter were born in Columbus, Ohio, and both attended the Ohio State University. Doctor Hoyer is surgeon for the Pennsylvania Railroad. He is a member of the Ohio State and the Erie County Medical societies, and is a Knight Templar and thirty-second degree Mason and belongs to the Grotto. Emerson Monroe Hoyer, a veteran of the World war, was born at Columbus, Ohio, January 29, 1898, only son of Dr. William D. and Helen (Monroe) Hoyer. He attended the public schools of Sandusky, and in 1917 was graduated from high school at Cleveland and then spent six months in the dental school of Western Reserve College. In April, 1918, he enlisted for service in the World war, entering the Medical Reserve Corps, was assigned to duty at Cleveland and was honorably discharged in December, 1918. After his military service was over he completed his education in Ohio State University, and in 1923 received his diploma entitling him to practice dentistry, immediately establishing himself professionally at Sandusky. Dr. Emerson Hoyer married, May 15, 1924, Miss Viola H. Phillipp, born at Jamestown, Missouri, November 4, 1898. She is a daughter of Rev. Paul C. and Emma (Klefe) Phillipp, the former of whom was born in Saxony, Germany, and the latter at Clarington, Ohio. Their prescnt place of residence is Louisville, Kentucky. Mrs. Hoyer is a highly educated and accomplished lady, a graduate of Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee, and formerly teacher of modern languages in Martin College, Pulaski, Tennessee. She belongs to Greek letter fraternities, the Alpha Omicron Pi and the Phi Beta Kappa. Dr. Emerson Hoyer took part in fraternal activities also while in college and preserves membership in the Delta Tau Delta and the Delta Sigma Delta fraternities, and belongs to the Kiwanis Club at Sandusky. He is a member of the Erie County Dental Association and the American Dental Association, and of the North Central and the Ohio State Dental societies. Like his father, he is a republican in his political views and is a member of the Masonic fraternity. All the family belong to the Methodist Episcopal Church. C. S. GARRETTSON LUMBER COMPANY. On July 1, 1922, the C. S. Garrettson Lumber Company of Ashland, Ohio, established a branch at Sandusky, and placed the business in charge of Earl L. Zolman, its present efficient manager, who during the intervening period has developed a large trade in lumber and building materials in the city and vicinity. This is fast becoming one of the leading concerns of its kind in Erie County, as the main house is at Ashland. Earl L. Zolman was born at Fredericktown, Ohio, February 11, 1888, a son of Lewis D. and Olive (Albert) Zolman, natives of Knox County, Ohio. After being graduated from high school, in 1907, Mr. Zolman clerked for a year in a grocery store, and then became yardman and teamster in a lumber yard. After four and one-half years of this work he went to Mansfield, Ohio, and was foreman for the Constance Lumber Company for two years. Going then to Ash- HISTORY OF OHIO - 367 land, he entered the employ of the Sharer-Kagey Lumber Company, and remained with that concern for six years, leaving it to assume control of the Sandusky branch of his present company, in which capacity he has proven his worth. On September 8, 1909, Mr. Zolman married Mary G. Brentlinger, born at Fredericktown, Ohio, a daughter of Lewis and Eunice Brentlinger. Mr. and Mrs. Zolman have one son, Robert Eugene, who was born June 2, 1921. Mr. Zolman belongs to the Christian Church, and is active in its good work. His political convictions make him a democrat, and he believes that the principles enunciated by his party are those most likely to insure the best government of the people. As a Mason he is zealous in behalf of his order. The Kiwanis Club has in him an enthusiastic member and staunch supporter. Since coming to Sandusky Mr. Zolman has been active in civic matters, although not aspiring for public honors, and is recognized as a forceful factor in the life of the city. His firm is one of the most responsible in Ohio, and in addition to headquarters and the Sandusky concern, maintains branches at Wellington and Norwalk, Ohio. Because of its size and importance the company can quote prices and terms that are particularly advantageous, while at all times the stock is large and varied, and deliveries are prompt and satisfactory. The location in this city of a branch of so important a firm was regarded as a valuable addition to Sandusky ,s commercial interests. HOMER E. BLACK is a member of the Canton law firm of Herbruck, Black, McCuskey and Ruff. This firm handles a corporation law practice extending throughout Stark and adjoining counties. Mr. Black is an attorney well qualified by education and natural ability and by long and successful experience. He was born in the Village of Bolivar, Tuscarawas County, Ohio, March 18, 1883, and attended the grammar and high schools there. At the age of sixteen he began teaching, and for the next six years taught school and read law. His studies were continued under the direction of Attorney John C. Welty, of Canton. In December, 1907, he was admitted to the bar, and then became associated with his preceptor, which continued until 1911, when he joined Clarence G. Herbruck in the practice of law, under the firm name of Herbruck and Black. In 1922 the firm was organized under its present title. Mr. Black is a republican in politics. He is former president of the Stark County Law Library Association, and is a member of the Board of Trustees at present. He is vice president of the Stark County Bar Association, is a thirty-second degree Scottish Rite and Knight Templar Mason and Shriner, is president of the Lakeside Shrine Country Club, a member of the Brookside Country Club, the Canton Club and the Exchange Club of Canton. In 1909 he married Miss Nellie M. Tomer. FRED J. GILLAM. In business circles of the thriving community of Bloomville, Seneca County, the name of Fred J. Gillam is recognized as one that is synonymous with business enterprise and integrity. As the proprietor of an up-to-date pharmacy he occupies a position of importance in his community, where his influence has always been extended in behalf of high principles, civic advancement and good citizenship. Mr. Gillam was born at Nevada, Wyandot County, Ohio, March 2, 1874, a son of James M. and Ida (Thatcher) Gillam. The father, a native of Wyandot County, born in 1852, was reared at Nevada, Ohio, where he acquired his education in the public schools, and in young manhood learned the trade of carpenter. This vocation he followed with some success until 1881, when he became a salesman and local agent for farm binding machines, and through this connection became general agent for the International Harvester Company, a position which he held until his death in May, 1904. He was a republican in his political views, but did not seek preferment at the hands of his party or his fellow-citizens. Mrs. Gillam, who was born in Seneca County, Ohio, still survives. They became the parents of five children: One who died at the age of ten years; Fred J., of this review; C. D., of Columbus, Ohio; Lucile, a graduate of the Nevada High School, and now the wife of E. W. Knapp, of Nevada; and Bess, also a graduate of high school, who is the wife of Joe Ricker. Fred J. Gillam was reared at Nevada, where he attended the graded and high schools, and for several years after his graduation from the latter was variously employed at such honorable work as came to his hand. In 1896 he commenced as a drug clerk at Gibsonburg, Ohio, and, having decided upon this calling for his life work, took a course in pharmacy at Ada, Ohio, where he was graduated January 10, 1899. For one year he was pharmacist at the school, and he then returned to his former employer, Dr. N. B. Ervin, for whom he acted as manager until 1904. In that year he came to Bloomville and purchased his present establishment, which he has developed into a very successful enterprise. He carries a full line of drugs, medicines, sundries, toilet articles, candies, etc., and his honorable dealing and courteous treatment of patrons have combined to attract a large patronage to his store. In 1901 Mr. Gillam married Miss Mae Lichty, who was educated in the public schools, and to this union there have been born three children: Maxine, a graduate of the Bloomville High School, who is now engaged in teaching; James F., a graduate of high school, who is assisting his father ; and W. Carlyle, who graduated from the Bloomville High School in 1924. With his family Mr. Gillam attends the Methodist Episcopal Church. Fraternally he is affiliated with Eden Lodge No. 310, Free and Accepted Masons, of which he is a past master; Seneca Chapter No. 42, Royal Arch Masons. Politically he is a republican, but he has no desire for public preferment at this time, being fully engaged with the duties of his business. He has several business connections and is a director of the Exchange State Bank of Bloomville. WILLIAM BISHOP MCINTOSH since the close of the World war has won an enviable position as a practicing attorney at Akron, where he has his offices in the Second National Building. He was born at Clinton, Illinois, March 21, 1892, son of William Wescott and Grace (Bishop) McIntosh. He has spent most of his life at Akron, where he attended the grammar and high schools. He did his advanced college work and took his law course in the University of Pennsylvania, attending the Law School and the Wharton School of Finance and Commerce. He was admitted to the bar in January, 1917, having graduated from the University of Pennsylvania, Law School, in June, 1917. From November 28, 1917, to December 21, 1918, he served with the rank of chief petty officer in the United States Naval Reserves. Since then he has been engaged in general practice as an Akron attorney. Mr. McIntosh is a member of the Summit County and Ohio State Bar associations, is affiliated with the Sigma Chi college fraternity and a member of the University Club. He is a Knights Templar Mason and a Shriner, being a former member of Al Koran Temple of Cleveland and is now a charter member of Tadmor Temple of Akron, Ohio. He was president of the University Club in 1923, and vice president of the Akron Chamber of Commerce. He is also a member of the Portage Country Club. 368 - HISTORY OF OHIO Mr. McIntosh married, July 20, 1918, Miss Elizabeth Currie. CLYDE M. BORDNER. In any thriving and growing community one of the most important offices in the municipal government is that occupied by the chief of police. No community can attain substantial growth or advancement without the presence of strict discipline in the way of law and order, and thus it becomes the responsibility of the head of the police department to maintain lawful conditions and to protect the lives and property of those who make prosperity and progress possible. In this connection Tiffin is unusually fortunate in the possession of so virile and energetic a chief of police as Clyde McKinley Bordner, who during his occupancy of the office has heightened the standards of the department and established an excellent personal record for courage and efficiency. Chief Bordner was born on a farm in Lykens Township, Crawford County, Ohio, April 26, 1894, and is a son of Levi and Mary (Waller) Bordner, natives of Crawford County, who were products of the agricultural region and secured country school educations. They passed their lives in agricultural operations, were highly respected people of their community, and faithful members of the Baptist Church, and were useful members of their locality. Mr. Bordner was a democrat in politics and a member of the Independent Order of Odd Fellows. He passed away on his farm in 1911, following which Mrs. Bordner located at Tiffin, where her death occurred in 1920. They were the parents of five children: Pearl, Clyde M., Tracy, Osmer and Helen. Tracy, who is in the army, saw overseas service in France and Germany during the World war. Clyde McKinley Bordner received his education in the district schools of Crawford County, and at Lykens, and lived on the home farm there until he was about seventeen years of age. At that time the father died and the widowed mother with her children moved to Seneca County, settling on a farm north of Tiffin. There the youth engaged in farming until the fall of 1915, at which time he secured a position as fireman with the Pennsylvania Railroad Company at Columbus. This post he held for two years, following which he returned to Tiffin, married and settled down. In 1922 he joined the city police force, and in the same year was appointed chief thereof by Adolph Unger. As before noted, his incumbency has been characterized by an elevation of the standards of the department thorough discipline and a record for thief-catching and prevention of criminal actions. Chief Bordner is a member of the Independent Order of Odd Fellows and has belonged to the Junior Order United American Mechanics for six years. In politics he is a republican. Chief Bordner married Miss Dora E. Grimes, who was educated in the district schools of Seneca County, and they have two children: Dalton Harold, born in 1919; and Wayne Melvin, born in 1922. They are members of the Baptist Church. C. A. WEIDAW. A substantial citizen of his community and a representative of its business interests, C. A. Weidaw, of Bloomville, a real estate man and insurance salesman, has been tried and not found wanting in official capacities. During the time that he served as postmaster of Bloomville he demonstrated his ability and desire to aid his community, and this has been characteristic of his entire career. Mr. Weidaw, was born in Carbon County, Pennsylvania, November 28, 1875, and is a son of Thomas and Priscilla (Shearer) Weidaw, both also natives of the Keystone State. The childhood of the parents of Mr. Weidaw was passed on farms, and each acquired their education in district schools. Following their marriage they settled on a farm in Carbon County, Pennsylvania, where they resided until 1880, Mr. Weidaw then disposing of his holdings there and moving to Eden Township, where he improved a property. Finally he took up his residence with his family in Bloom Township, where his death occurred in 1921. He was a stanch republican in politics, and one of the trustees of the Methodist Episcopal Church, in the work of which he was active. Mrs. Weidaw, who survives him, is also a consistent member of this faith. They were the parents of six sons : F. E., of Delaware, Ohio; C. A., of this notice; H. A., of Akron; C. S., of Toledo; F. A., of Delaware, Ohio; and H. P., of Toledo. C. A. Weidaw was reared on farms in Eden and Bloom townships and his education was acquired in the district schools and the Ohio Northern Normal School. Coming to Bloomville he became town marshal, a position which he held for several. years, and at the expiration of his term of office entered the real estate and insurance business, to which he devoted himself uninterruptedly until he was appointed postmaster in 1913. He served in that capacity until March, 1922, since which time he has returned to his business affairs as a handler of realty and insurance. Mr. Weidaw has an excellent business and has transacted some large deals in choice real estate, both at Bloomville and in the surrounding country. In business circles his reputation is that of a man of sound worth and integrity. Mr. Weidaw married Miss Halcyon L. Valentine, and to this union there has been born one child, Bernice, a graduate of high school, who is now a technician in a Toledo hospital. Mr. Weidaw is a member of Eden Lodge No. 310, Free and Accepted Masons, of which he is a past master; Seneca Chapter and Clinton Council. He has various business connections and is a member of the Board of Directors of the Exchange State Bank of Bloomville. As a public-spirited citizen he has always been ready to contribute of his time and abilities to the furtherance of worthy movements, and no enterprise for the public good is considered complete that does not have his support. D. W. FELLERS, M. D. The town of Bloomville, Seneca County, has profited by the professional services of Dr. D. W. Fellers ever since he established his office and added his permanent citizenship here in 1904. He is one of the wide-awake and progressive medical practitioners of this part of the county, and numbers among his patrons many of the oldest and best families. Dr. Fellers was born at Arcanum, Darke County, Ohio, January 6, 1874, and is a son of Harvey M. and Mary A. (Hursh) Fellers, natives of the Buckeye State. Harvey M. Fellers grew to manhood in his native state, and during the Civil war fought as a soldier of the Union with a regiment of Ohio volunteer infantry. At the close of his military service he returned to his home community, married, and settled down on a farm in Darke County, in the operation of which he spent the remaining years of his life. He was a man of industry and integrity, who enjoyed the esteem and good will of his fellow-men. He was a republican in his political support, although not a politician. His religious faith was that of the Reformed Church, to which also belonged Mrs. Fellers, who survived him until June 25, 1924. They were the parents of three children, of whom two are living at this time: Dr. D. W., of this review; and Eva, the wife of Edwin T. Wagner, a farmer of Darke County. D. W. Fellers was reared on the home farm and attended the public schools at Arcanum, also taking a course in a normal school. He then entered Heidel- HISTORY OF OHIO - 369 berg University, from which he was graduated with the degree of Bachelor of Arts, this being followed by a course in the medical department of Ohio University at Columbus. He received his degree of Doctor of Medicine as a member of the class of 1902, and immediately began practice at Tiffin, but in 1904 settled at Bloomville, where he has since built up an excellent practice. He has a pleasing and confidence-inspiring personality, and his professional and general equipment has led him far toward his realization of a broad and exceptionally useful life. Doctor Fellers belongs to the Seneca County Medical Society, the Ohio State Medical Society and the American Medical Association. During the World war he enlisted for service in the . United States Army Medical Corps, and after receiving his captain,s commission was assigned to Base Hospital No. 111, which was located at Beau de Sert, France, and where he spent eight months. Doctor Fellers is a stockholder in the Exchange Bank at Bloomville. In politics he is a supporter of the principles of the republican party. Fraternally he belongs to Eden Lodge No. 310, Free and Accepted Masons, of which he is a past master; the Chapter, Council and Commandery at Tiffin, and thirty-second degree Mason, Valley of Toledo; and to the Knights of Pythias, of which he is a past chancellor. Mrs. Fellers is a past worthy matron of the Order of the Eastern Star, and past excellent chief of the Pythian Sisters. In 1903 Doctor Fellers was united in marriage with Miss Grace LeCrone, a graduate of the Tiffin High School. They have had no children of their own, but are rearing an adopted daughter whose name is Zoe. Doctor and Mrs. Fellers are Consistent members and generous supporters of the Reformed Church. CRAYTON E. WOMER. In the less extensive and populous villages and towns of a state the postmaster is very likely to be brought into contact with a greater number of the inhabitants and at more frequent intervals than any other member of the community. Few are the individual residents of either sex who do not become familiar with his presence and deportment, and cognizant of his habits and characteristics, and there are likewise few, on the other hand, even to the older children, whom he has not learned to know. With such an intimate relationship existing between the man conducting the postoffice, and the townspeople depending upon it fortunate and thrice happy is the incumbent of that office, when the people of his community have for him only words of commendation. Such is the favored position of Dr. Crayton E. Womer, who is the possessor of those qualities of candor, sincerity and affability, which give the best class of public officials a high standing in the estimation of those whose interests are entrusted to their care, and who is serving efficiently as postmaster at Republic, Seneca County. Doctor Womer was born at Republic, March 13, 1869, and is a son of B. F. and Jennie E. (Breyman) Womer, the latter a daughter of Mahlon Breyman. The parents, natives of Pennsylvania, were reared, educated and married in that state, from which Mr. Womer enlisted in Company K, Second Pennsylvania Cavalry, during the Civil war. Following the close of his military service he came to Republic and became the proprietor of a general store, which he developed into a successful enterprise. A cooper by trade, he also established a stave factory, which was one of the large manufactories of its day, and this he also made a prosperous venture. In his declining years ill health overtook him, and he was forced to retire to a life of invalidism, eventually dying of a stroke of paralysis. He was a republican in politics. Mr. Womer never affiliated with any church, but Mrs. Womer, who still survives her husband, belongs to the Methodist Episcopal Church, in which she was for many years an active worker. They were the parents of four children, of whom one died in infancy, the others being : Drayton L. and Crayton E., twins, the former of whom is superintendent of the Pennsylvania Steel Tube Works; and Alice W., the wife of Aaron Miller. Crayton E. Womer was reared at Republic, where he acquired a high school education. He then took a partial course in dentistry and became assistant to his grandfather, Mahlon Breyman, in the practice of that calling at Republic. After the elder man,s death Doctor Womer took an examination from the State Board of Dental Examiners, and December 21, 1896, was certified as qualified to practice his calling. He is still engaged in practice and has a large and appreciative following. A republican in his political views, Doctor Womer has served as township clerk, member and clerk of the school board and member of the council, and May 12, 1903, was appointed postmaster of Republic, a position which he has occupied for eleven years. His conduct of the office met with the full approval of the community and in July, 1921, he was again appointed postmaster, an office which he still holds. Doctor Womer has a number of interests, and is a stockholder in the Republic Banking Company. As a fraternalist he is a member of the Fraternal Order of Eagles, Tiffin (Ohio) Aerie No. 402; Republic Lodge No. 165, Free and Accepted Masons, and the Chapter, Council and Commandery at Tiffin; Repubilc Lodge No. 40, Independent Order of Odd Fellows, of which he is a past grand ; and he and Mrs. Womer are members of Rebekah Lodge No. 168, and of the Order of the Eastern Star, in which he is a past patron and Mrs. Womer, past matron. On December 23, 1897, Doctor Womer was united in marriage with Miss Mattie B. Cummings, who until her marriage taught school at Republic. She is a member of the Methodist Episcopal Church. WILLIAM E. ROBERTS for the past twelve years has been one of the leading funeral directors in Dayton, a city in which he completed his education and in which he has had an active business experience covering almost a quarter of a century. Mr. Roberts was born at Centerville, Ohio, September 23, 1887. His father, William H. Roberts, was a stock raiser at Centerville. William E. Roberts attended the Patterson School at Dayton and the Steele High School of that city, and his first regular employment after leaving school was with the National Cash Register Company at Dayton, in the foreign shipment department. He was also an employe of the Smith Grocery Company for several years. In 1911 he graduated in embalming from the Ohio State University at Columbus, and in 1912 was licensed by the State Board of Embalmers. In that year he engaged in the undertaking business on Warren Street. The place of business was destroyed in the great flood of 1913, and in the same year the firm of Walters, Moosburger and Roberts moved to 1919 South Brown Street, where Mr. Roberts continues the business today. At the end of three years Mr. Roberts bought out his partners, and has had the entire responsibility of management since then. He has a complete modern motorized equipment of ambulances, hearse and private cars, and has a complete funeral home. Mr. Roberts is affiliated with the Junior Order United American Mechanics and the Knights of Pythias and its social branch, the Knights of Khorassan. He belongs to the Oak Street United Brethren Church; and is a member of the Old Conquerors Club of that church. Mr. Roberts married in 1920 Miss Anna Southard, 370 - HISTORY OF OHIO of Dayton. She was educated in the grammar and high schools of Lebanon, Ohio. A. T. WARD, who has had a remarkable diversity of experience in business affairs, and for many years was in the grain business, is now president of the Fostoria Storage and Transfer Company and one of the very active business men and citizens of Seneca County. He was born in Boonville, New York, July 31, 1867, son of R. A. and Harriett (Davis) Ward. His father was liberally educated. He entered the ministry of the Wesleyan Church, and later became a Presbyterian, and devoted his life to this service. He died at Lakeland, Florida. There were two children, A. T. and Ella, the latter the wife of Fred L. Upson, a resident of Florida. In May, 1873, when A. T. Ward was six years old, the family moved out to Western Kansas, locating near Sterling, where Reverend Ward erected a big sod barn. That was in pioneer times, and shortly afterward Kansas was devastated by a visitation of grasshoppers. The government established a commissary department to feed the destitute homesteaders, and Reverend Ward was appointed commissary and the supplies were placed in the sod barn. The Ward family lived in that section of Kansas for eleven years, and during that time A. T. Ward attended a school taught by his mother. In the meantime, in 1878, the family moved to Barber County, Kansas, where A. T. Ward did work on a cattle ranch until he was sixteen. In 1880 his father was elected county clerk of Barber County, serving one term. The county seat was Medicine Lodge, a town famous as the home of sockless Jerry Simpson and Carrie Nation. A. T. Ward earned his first wages, of $8 a month, herding sheep. In March, 1884, the family left Kansas, traveling by wagon to St. Louis, down the Mississippi on steamboat to Memphis, and by railroad from Memphis to Jacksonville, Florida. A steamer landed them at Sanford, Florida, and in the fall of 1884 they reached Melburn. A. T. Ward reached his majority in Florida. For a time he was steward in a hotel at Rome, Georgia, and then went back to Atlanta for two years, being shipping clerk for a patent medicine company. While in Atlanta he met his future wife, and after their marriage he resigned from the medicine company and for a short time was in the subscription department of the Atlanta Constitution. He returned North to Sheldon, Illinois, and was secretary of a company manufacturing a paper bag holder. Subsequently he became bookkeeper for Watkins, Lynch & Company, grain dealers, and was on the pay roll of this firm seven years. In the spring of 1897 the Watkins Company was absorbed by the Cleveland Grain Company, and Mr. Ward was kept at the Sheldon plant until the following November, when he was called to Cleveland, and continued in the grain business there until 1906. In that year he and W. E. Townsend formed the Townsend-Ward Company, grain merchants at Buffalo, New York. In 1915 they bought a controlling interest in elevators at Fostoria, Ohio, and since then Mr. Ward has been in business in this city. Mr. Ward has three children: Russell D., member of the Smith-Ward Company of Buffalo, New York ; Leon A., in the tire business with Henry J. Adams of Fostoria; Mildred, a normal graduate who is a kindergarten teacher in the Buffalo public schools. Mr. Ward is a Methodist, a member of the Benevolent and Protective Order of Elks, and a republican. ALBERT C. HOYT is president of the A. C. Hoyt Company, one of the largest seed houses in the state, located at Fostoria. Mr. Hoyt has spent all his life in this section of Ohio, is a farmer by early training, and still owns and gives much of his attention to the management of two thoroughbred stock farms. He was born near Fostoria, September 27, 1862, son of Samuel and Clarinda (Watson) Hoyt, natives of New York State. His father was born near Lyons, in 1829, and his mother, in 1832. They were reared and married in that state, and soon afterward came to Ohio and bought a tract of land covered with heavy timber in Bigley Township, Hancock County. Samuel Hoyt built a cabin in the woods, cleared and developed a farm of eighty acres, and though he went into debt on coming to Ohio in his later years he was ranked as a very substantial business man. He sold his first farm and bought other land, and finally retired, and he and his wife spent their last days in Fostoria. They were active members of the Methodist Church, and in politics he was a republican. There were three children: Josephine, wife of David Cole, of Fostoria; Jennie, wife of N. B. Niebel, of New Baltimore, Ohio ; and A. C. Hoyt. Albert C. Hoyt grew up on a farm in Hancock County, and supplemented his advantages in the public schools by attending Fostoria Academy. On October 16, 1887, he married Miss Althea Ogg, who was born near Cary, in Seneca County, Ohio, and was educated in the common schools. After his marriage Mr. Hoyt continued farming in Hancock County for ten years, and in May, 1897, removed to Fostoria and engaged in the seed and wool business. He has kept improving and expanding this business, and it is now a large mail order house, selling seeds all over the eastern states. In 1918 he organized and incorporated the A. C. Hoyt Company, and since June, 1919, the company has occupied a new building, covering a fourth of a block. Mr. Hoyt is president of the company, Charles Burge, vice president, and H. J. Jefferies is secretary and general manager. Mr. Hoyt is a land owner in Hancock and Wood counties, and for some years has specialized in the breeding of pure bred live stock and his annual sales are largely attended. He also specializes in farm grains, which he raises on Corn-Falfa Farm. His two farms in Hancock County are known as CornFalfa Farm and Oak Lawn Farm, the two comprising 380 acres. Mr. Hoyt is also president of the Hoyt-Brooks Hardware Company, a mail order house at Fostoria. He is a director of the Ohio Savings and Loan Association. Mr. and Mrs. Hoyt have one daughter, Grace, born in July, 1892. She is the wife of Mr. J. A. Brooks, of the Hoyt-Brooks hardware business, and they have one daughter, Weldon Brooks. Mr. Hoyt is a republican, and for several years was a member and for one term president of the school board. JOE M. BARRETT, secretary and general manager of the S. C. Regulator Manufacturing Company of Fostoria, Ohio, has distinguished himself as an active, successful and prominent business man. He was born in Minnesota, June 15, 1885, and is the son of James J. and Pluma (Haines) Barrett. His grandfather was Michael Barrett, a native of the Emerald Isle, who there grew to manhood and married, then crossed the Atlantic and settled near Scranton, Pennsylvania. He became a miner, made life a success, and there passed the remainder of his days. Both he and his wife were devout and active members of the Catholic Church. James J. Barrett was born near Scranton, Pennsylvania, and there grew to manhood, receiving, unfortunately, only a limited education. While still a young man, full of ambition and energy, he moved to Minnesota, and soon thereafter was married. He early exhibited such unusual business capacity that he was HISTORY OF OHIO - 371 made foreman of bridges on the Great Northern Railroad. After fifteen years of steady progress and improvement he moved to Ohio and located near Fostoria, where he helped to construct the well-known Mennell Flouring Mills. Soon he became associated in business with the Mennell Company, and has thus continued for about thirty years. He took such keen interest in local city and county government that he was finally chosen a member of the Board of Control, where he continued to reveal his capacity for wise and efficient administration. He is a member of the Catholic Church, and is the father of four children : Joe M.; R. J., who is a foreman of the Akron (Ohio) Times; Florence, the wife of O. L. Wonderly, who is associated with the Union National Bank ; and Esther, who is the wife of Ray Connelly, of Kirby. Joe M. Barrett was reared in Fostoria, Ohio, and was educated in the parochial and the public schools, taking two grades in the latter, the fifth and sixth. At the unusually early age of fourteen years he left school and went to work, and continued thus until he was eighteen years old. Determined then to have a better education in industrial specialties, he went to Scranton, Pennsylvania, and took the L. C. S. course in mechanical engineering. Upon completing this course he accepted a position with the Jeffrey Manufacturing Company of Columbus, Ohio, and began as a tracer and later was a checker of a squad. He was thus engaged for two years, and then returned to Fostoria and became connected with the Review Printing Company, where he remained for several years. During this eventful period he became financially interested in the company and served as business manager for nearly two years. In October, 1912, having through sound judgment made rapid advances in industrial problems, he became business manager of the S. C. Regulator Company, and at the present. date he and George A. Snyder own a controlling interest in the plant which under their wise management has increased the value of the company's interests about 800 per cent. When well started in business he married Anna Wonderly, and by her had three children : James, Bettie and William. His first wife dying in May, 1918, he chose for his second marital companion Izma C. Egbert, member of a well-known and prominent family of Kansas City, Missouri. Joe M. Barrett has become conspicuous not only in modern business competition but in attractive social and important public affairs. He is a member of the Catholic Church, of the Knights of Columbus, of the Benevolent and Protective Order of Elks, and is president of the Fostoria Country Club. Though independent in politics, he takes notable interest in all the vital problems which now perplex the city, state and nation. GEORGE T. WEST is most effectively giving administration in an important office in connection with the municipal government of Tiffin, Seneca County, in which city he is serving as service and safety director. Mr. West was born in Seneca County, on the 20th of February, 1858, and is a son of Alexander D. and Sarah M. (Swigert) West, the former of whom was born in Eden Township, this county, and the latter was born in Pennsylvania. She was a girl when her parents came to Seneca County, Ohio, and established their home on a farm in Scipio Township, she and her future husband having been reared on farms only a mile apart. Mrs. West received the advantages of Heidelberg College, and prior to her marriage was a popular teacher in the schools of her home county. After his marriage Alexander D. West continued as a substantial exponent of farm enterprise in Bloom Township until his death, which occurred in 1884, his widow long surviving him and having been a resident of Van Wert, this state, at the time of her death, in 1914. Both were zealous members of the Methodist Episcopal Church, and Mr. West went forth as a gallant soldier of the Union in the Civil war, he having taken part in many engagements and having served during virtually the entire period of conflict. He was mustered out with the rank of sergeant, and in later years he vitalized his interest in his old comrades by means of active affiliation with the Grand Army of the Republic. Of the six children only one is deceased. George 'T., of this sketch, is the eldest ; Minnie E. is the widow of E. M. Crowe; William J. resides at Van Wert and is deputy sheriff of Van Wert County; Corwin S. is a farmer in Van Wert County, where he is serving as township trustee of Hoagland Township; and Ella M. is the wife of George J. Heyman. George T. West passed his boyhood and early youth on the farm, and supplemented the discipline of the public schools by attending Ohio State Normal School at Republic. After leaving school he learned and followed the trade of stonecutter, and in 1907 he 1\ as appointed a guard at the Ohio State Penitentiary, where he remained thus employed about eighteen months. Thereafter he built up a substantial business as a contractor in stone construction work, especially in connection with the building of bridges, and with this line of business he continued his alliance, with headquarters at Tiffin, until he assumed his present city office. He is a republican in politics, is affiliated with the Junior Order United American Mechanics, and in their home city he and his wife are active members of Ebenezer Evangelical Church. Mr. West married Miss Ruthena Kershner, and all of their nine children are now married and well established in life, namely : Nellie B., LeRoy M., Pearl, Myrtle M., Minnie, Edward J., Donald, Grace T. and Hazel. JESSE T. GRIERSON fills an important place in the citizenship of Dayton, being one of the younger groups of business men, and giving his interest and enthusiasm without stint to many worthy causes connected with church and social welfare. Mr. Grierson, who is a funeral director by profession, was born at Ellsberry, Brown County, Ohio, July 24, 1897, son of James A. and Mary (Worstell) Grierson. His father for many years followed the profession of landscape engineer, but is now retired. Jesse T. Grierson was reared in Maysville, attending the grammar and high schools there, and came to Ohio to become a student in the National Normal University at Lebanon. He continued his education in Ohio State University, and in 1919 graduated from the Columbus College of Embalming and was licensed as an embalmer on June twenty-fifth of that year. After two years in the employment of W. R. Smith, an undertaker, he opened his funeral home at 1500 East Third Street, and on November 1, 1923 moved his establishment to 1536 East Third Street, where he occupies a beautiful old brick residence, once the home of the noted Brownell family. This residence is finished throughout in walnut, and its spacious rooms readily adapt themselves to their present use. Mr. Grierson in addition maintains an ambulance service. Fraternally he is affiliated with the Improved Order of Red Men, the Tribe of Ben Hur, Independent Order of Odd Fellows and Knights of Pythias. He is active in Saint Paul,s Methodist Church, and is a licensed minister of the Dayton District and West Ohio Methodist Episcopal Conference, though he has never filled a regular pastorate. He gives much time to local church revivals, and has cooperated with the Ministerial Association in civic movements at Dayton. He teaches a class of young men in Saint Paul’s 372 - HISTORY OF OHIO Church. Mr. Grierson is a member of the Liberal Club, Shakespearean Club, Debating Club, and is a director in the Buckeye Fishing Club, which maintains a camp in Michigan. He is also president and general manager of the Gem City Realty Company. During the World war he enlisted, but was rejected on account of physical conditions. He participated in all the home drives for the sale of Liberty Bonds and raising of funds for the Red Cross and Young Men,s Christian Association. Mr. Grierson is unmarried. Recently he has taken as a partner in his business Mr. A. C. Jackson, who for fifteen years was engaged in the undertaking business at Cincinnati, and is a graduate of the Cincinnati College of Embalming. HENRY LEE WENNER, M. D., is one of the leading representatives of his profession in his native city and county, and has been established in practice at Tiffin since the year 1884. For the first fifteen years his practice was of general order, and since that time he has specialized in surgery, in which department of professional work he has gained high reputation and unqualified success. Dr. Wenner was born at Tiffin on the 19th of September, 1861, and is a son of the late Edward and Susan (Thompson) Wenner. In the public schools of Tiffin Doctor Wenner continued his studies until his graduation from high school, and in 1882 he was graduated from the medical department of Western Reserve University, at Cleveland. After thus receiving his degree of Doctor of Medicine he initiated practice at McCutchenville, Wyandot County, and later he was for a time engaged in practice at Arcadia, Hancock County, but in 1884 he returned to his native county and established himself in practice at Tiffin. Here he has continued his able and faithful professional ministration during the long intervening period of nearly forty years, and he is now an honored dean of his profession in Seneca County. He is a member of the Tiffin Board of Health, and is affiliated with the Seneca County Medical Society, the Ohio State Medical Society and the American Medical Association. In the long years of his earnest professional stewardship Doctor Wenner has insistently kept in touch with the advances made in medical and surgical science, and in his large surgical practice today he brings to bear the most modern methods and accessories. Doctor Wenner has been one of the wheel-horses of the republican party in this section of Ohio, and in 1896 represented his party as presidential elector when William McKinley was elected president. The Doctor is treasurer of the Ohio state organization of the Junior Order United American Mechanics, has passed the official chairs in the Knights of Pythias and the Independent Order of Odd Fellows, and in the Masonic fraternity he has received the thirty-second degree of the Scottish Rite, besides being a noble of Zenabia Temple of the Mystic Shrine at Toledo. He is an influential member of the Baptist Church of his home city, and in the same he is a member of the Board of Trustees. The year 1886 recorded the marriage of Doctor Wenner and Miss Emma Huss, and they have two children: Dr. Henry Lee, Jr., a representative surgeon engaged in practice in the City of Toledo; and Marjorie, wife of R. F. Machamer, M. D., of Tiffin. CARL W. BAUMGARDNER is one of the substantial and progressive business men of his native City of Tiffin, Seneca County, where he is now established in the manufacturing of cement products, with a plant of modern equipment and facilities. He was born in this city on the 18th of April, 1883, and is a son of Martin L. and Johanna (Eidt) Baumgardner. Martin L. Baumgardner likewise was born and reared at Tiffin, and through his own ability and well ordered activities he here achieved large and worthy success in his business operations. As a general contractor, especially in brick-construction work, he developed a large and representative business, a number of the prominent business buildings and private houses of Tiffin standing as monuments to his skill and his fidelity in his chosen field of enterprise. As a youth he learned the trade of brick mason, and from working at his trade he advanced until he became one of the leading building contractors in his native city, his association with this line of enterprise having here continued until his death. Of his three surviving sons the eldest is Frederick J., who is a successful contractor and builder at Tiffin; Carl W., of this sketch, is the next younger ; and A. M., the youngest of the sons, is associated in business in Akron, Ohio, with his brother, Carl W. Carl W. Baumgardner gained his early education in the parochial and public schools of Tiffin, including the high school, and as a youth he went to the City of Cleveland, where he was employed as a mechanical draftsman in 1906-07. In the latter year he returned to Tiffin, and here he became associated with his father and brother in the contracting and building business. Upon the death of his father he assumed control of the business, which he continued until April 1, 1923, when he acquired the property now occupied by the firm at 47 Miami Street, his attention now being given to the manufacturing of cement products, largely for general architectural purposes, and building supplies. He is a member of the Exchange Club at Tiffin, Ohio, and is affiliated with the Knights of Columbus, the Benevolent and Protective Order of Elks, and the United Commercial Travelers. Both he and his wife are communicants of St. Joseph,s Catholic Church at Tiffin. Mrs. Baumgardner, whose maiden name was Gertrude C. Ehrenfield, likewise was born and reared at Tiffin, where she was graduated in the Ursuline Academy. Mr. and Mrs. Baumgardner have four children, whose names and respective ages (1923) are here recorded: John, ten years ; Mary, nine years; Martha, six years; and Elizabeth, three years. JOSEPH W. PARKS. Seneca County has had in the years of its history many able incumbents of the office of sheriff, and in this office Mr. Parks is at the present time giving an administration that fully measures up to the high standard 'set by the most efficient of his predecessors in the office. Mr. Parks was born in Coshocton County, Ohio, on the 16th of June, 1858, and is a son of Jonathan an Catherine (Parks) Parks, who, though of the same family name, were of no kinship. Jonathan Parks was born in the State of New York, and his wife was born in Coshocton County, Ohio, where their marriage was solemnized. Mr. Parks was a boy at the time his parents came from the old Empire State to Ohio and established their home in Coshocton County, where he was reared to maturity and received his youthful education. Jonathan Parks was long engaged in saw-milling operations, and with this line of enterprise he continued his alliance until his tragic death, he having been killed in the explosion of the boiler of his saw mill. He was in the prime of life at the time of his death, and his widow subsequently contracted a second marriage and removed to Seneca County, where she passed the remainder of her life. Of the eight children of the first marriage, four are living at the time of this writing, in 1924: Jane, Mary, Orlando and Joseph W. The present sheriff of Seneca County was reared to manhood in Coshocton County, and there received the advantages of the common schools of the period. At the age of twenty years he initiated his independent career as a farmer in Seneca Township, Seneca County, HISTORY OF OHIO - 373 and in connection with his vigorous farm industry he operated a threshing machine. He became one of the substantial and influential citizens of his township, where he served five terms as township assessor and was a member of the school board five years. He thereafter served two terms as deputy county sheriff, and he was then elected sheriff, without opposition in either the primary or general election, his reelection in 1922 having been the latest voucher for the popular approval placed upon his administration. Sheriff Parks has been active and influential in the local councils and campaigns of the democratic party, and is signally progressive and liberal in his civic attitude. He and his wife are members of the First Reform Church at Tiffin, and his fraternal affiliations are here briefly noted: Wyandotte Lodge No. 314, Free and Accepted Masons, of which he is a past master ; Seneca Chapter No. 42, Royal Arch Masons; Clinton Council No. 47, Royal and Select Masters; De Molay Commandery No. 9 Knights Templar, at Tiffin, of which he is a past commander ; William Myers Chapter, Order of the Eastern Star, of which he is a past patron; Tiffin Lodge No. 94, Benevolent and Protective Order of Elks; and the Tiffin Lodge of the Junior Order United American Mechanics. He is an active member of the Seneca County Fair Association, and has shown deep interest in furthering the success of its annual fairs. In the year 1878 was solemnized the marriage of Mr. Parks and Miss Matilda Staib, who was born and reared in Seneca County. Of the children the eldest is Lewis O., who now resides in the City of Cincinnati ; Mary J. is the wife of Jesse Manges; Charles W., Fern, Eva F., Inez L. and Mae, all of whom are married and well established in life. Lewis O., Inez L. and Mae all made excellent records as teachers in the public schools; and the latter two were graduated from the Tiffin High School. HAROLD Z. HAKES, a popular and efficient member of the official corps of Seneca County in the City of Tiffin, is giving a most effective administration as county surveyor. He was born in London Township, this county, on the 7th of November, 1890, and is a son of Nathan and Susan (Hurbert) Hakes, the former a native of Delaware County, this state, and the latter of Seneca County. The parents were reared on the respective home farms, and both received the advantages of the public schools. After their marriage they established their residence on a farm in London Township, Seneca County, where the father still continues a progressive representative of agricultural and livestock industry, the mother being now deceased. Nathan Hakes is a republican in political allegiance, and is a communicant of St. John’s Evangelical Lutheran Church at Fostoria, as was also his wife. Eight children survive the devoted mother. While he early began to receive practical experience in connection with the activities of the home farm, Harold Z. Hakes gained his basic education through the medium of the district schools. In 1917 he was graduated from the Ohio Northern University, at Ada, with the degree of Civil Engineer, and there also he became a member of the Alpha Eta chapter of the Delta Sigma Phi college fraternity. Within a short time after his graduation Mr. Hakes was appointed deputy surveyor of his native county, and after he had given about one year of effective service in this capacity he subordinated all other interests to respond to the call of patriotism when the nation became formally involved in the World war. In his first attempt to enlist he was rejected, but on the 25th of May, 1918, he was accepted for military service and was sent to Camp Taylor, whence he was later transferred to Camp Sherman. He continued in service until the armistice brought the war to a close, and he received his honorable discharge on the 24th of December, 1918. Thereafter he was in active service as deputy surveyor of Hancock County about two years, and in the autum of 1920 he was elected county surveyor of Seneca County, his reelection in 1922 testifying to the high estimate placed upon his administration. Mr. Hakes is unfaltering in his allegiance to the republican party, and he and his wife are active communicants of St. John,s Evangelical Lutheran Church at Tiffin. At Fostoria he is a member of Emil Fous Post of the American Legion, and of the following named Masonic bodies: Fostoria Lodge No. 288, Free and Accepted Masons; Garfield Chapter No. 50, Royal Arch Masons; Fostoria Council No. 90, Royal and Select Masters; and Fostoria Commandery No. 62, Knights Templar. He is a member also of Fostoria Lodge No. 935, Benevolent and Protective Order of Elks, and he is affiliated also with the Knights of the Maccabees and the Junior Order United American Mechanics. On the 3rd of February, 1923, was solemnized the marriage of Mr. Hakes and Miss Ethel M. Herrick, who is a graduate of the high school at Findlay and also of Findlay College. She was official stenographer of the Common Pleas Court of Hancock County for twelve years prior to her marriage. CHARLES CUTLER SHARP is a mining engineer by profession, and during the past thirty or forty years has been identified in a responsible capacity with a large amount of mine development and mine operation work in Southern Ohio and elsewhere. His headquarters for a number of years have been at Nelsonville and Athens County, and he is officially connected with some of the leading mining interests in that section. His family contains a number of men of successful careers. He was born on his father’s farm in Fairfield County, Ohio, February 10, 1861, son of William and Ellen (Cutler) Sharp. His mother was born at Amesville in Athens County, the daughter of Charles and Maria (Walker) Cutler, the granddaughter of Ephraim Cutler and the great-granddaughter of Manassa Cutler. William Sharp was born at Taylorville, Muskingum County. The father of William Sharp died at the age of seventy years. He was a contractor, built bridges on the old National Pike and had a number of other important contracts, including one for the building of a dam on the Hocking River. He also bought a farm in Fairfield County, erected a mill, and that farm is still owned by the family. William Sharp grew up in Fairfield County, and in the closing months of the Civil war was a commissioned officer on detailed service. He took charge of the operation of the mill at the old family homestead, and he also engaged in farming and for fifteen years conducted a general store at Sugar Grove, where he married. His education was acquired in country schools, and for a time he taught in rural districts. He also owned and operated canal boats on the Hocking Canal, using them for the transportation of coal and stone taken from his rock quarry. A number of years ago the mill was sold, but the land is still retained. William Sharp was a man of fine influence in this community as citizen as well as a succssful business man. He was a member of the Reformed Church and a democrat in politics. He died at the age of seventy-five, in 1905, and his wife passed away in 1919, aged seventy-six. Of their family of seven sons and one daughter Charles Cutler Sharp is the oldest. The youngest is the daughter Anna, now the wife of Rufus Conrad, living near the old homestead. The other sons are: Joseph, a farm owner and lumberman at Lancaster, Ohio; Thomas, 374 - HISTORY OF OHIO superintendent of a roofing plant at Lancaster; James, vice president of the Citizens Central Bank of Nelsonville; Fred, on the old homestead; William, a rancher in California; and John, who is manager of the Nelsonville Lumber Company. Charles Cutler Sharp spent his boyhood days at the old home near Sugar Grove and attended school there. He taught a term of school in his home district and another at Canover in Champaign County, Ohio. Later he entered Ohio State University, and was graduated with the civil engineering degree in 1888. Since graduation he has had thirty-five years in which to make his mark in his profession and in business. On graduating he was made assistant engineer on the Scioto Valley Railroad, now the Norfolk & Western, and served one year, and was then appointed assistant engineer for the Columbus & Hocking Coal & Iron Company. While still in this position and without resigning he was elected for one term as surveyor of Fairfield County, and employed a deputy to handle the office. His next important position was as superintendent of the Sunday Creek Coal Company, with headquarters at Corning. For seven years he had charge of the extensive development and construction work involved in the opening of five mines for this corporation. On leaving Ohio Mr. Sharp went to West Virginia, and for ten years was in the Kanawha Valley, at Gualey Bridge and Mount Carbon, acting as mine engineer and mine manager. Since leaving West Virginia his home has been at Nelsonville, and he has continued his professional work as a mining engineer and also as a mine operator. He is treasurer and manager of the Big Bailey Mining Company, Carrs Run and North Hill companies, and has a number of other interests. In 1894 Mr. Sharp married Miss Cora Blake, daughter of Thomas Blake, of Nelsonville. Three children have been born to their marriage. The son Edward Blake was graduated with the Civil Engineer degree from Ohio State University in 1921, and during the World war was in the Students Army Training Corps at Columbus. The second son, William, is attending high school at Nelsonville, and Rebecca is in the public schools. Mr. Sharp is an active member of the Presbyterian Church and teacher of the young men,s class in Sunday school. He is a Knight Templar and a member of Beni Kedem Temple of the Mystic Shrine at Charleston, West Virginia. He is also affiliated with the Elks is a liberal democrat in politics, and has membership in a number of scientific and technical societies, including the American Association for the Advancement of Science. ARTHUR G. JOHNSON, superintendent of city schools of Burton, Geauga County, was a soldier of the great war, and was wounded in the Argonne campaign, and after his return home prepared himself for the vocation of an educator. He was born in Union City, Madison County, Kentucky, August 11, 1894. His family has been in Kentucky since frontier days in that section of the Western wilderness. His grandfather, Thomas W. Johnson, was born at Richmond, Virginia, in 1796. At the age of sixteen he moved to Madison County, and owned and operated a country farming interest there. He died in Madison County in 1900, when 104 years of age. His wife, Rebecca Shearer, was a native of Virginia. Thomas W. Johnson, Jr., father of the Ohio educator, was born at Union City, Kentucky, in September, 18431, was reared and married there, and has devoted himself to looking after his large farming interests. His home is at Winchester, Kentucky. He is a republican, and for the past twenty-five years has been a deacon in the Baptist Church. Thomas W. Johnson, Jr., married for his second wife Nancy Ann Moore, a native of Madison County, Kentucky. Their children are: Arthur G.; William H., a farmer at Winchester, Kentucky; Mattie Belle, wife of Charles A. Burg, a professional ball player, living at Cincinnati; Cora Elizabeth, who died when eighteen years of age ; Zetta R., in Cincinnati ; James Claude and Walter G., both students in the Clark County High School at Winchester, Kentucky ; and Bennie, a student in grammar school. Arthur G. Johnson was educated in the public schools of Clark County, Kentucky, graduating from high school in 1916. On May 28, 1918, he was inducted into the United States service and was sent for training to Camp Beauregard, Louisiana, where he was assigned to duty with the Machine Gun Battalion of the One Hundred Fifty-third Infantry. With that regiment he went overseas to France, landing at Brest August 17, 1918, and was then transferred to the Thirty-fifth Division in a special detachment of machine gunners. He had been in France only a few days when he participated in the St. Mihiel offensive, and on September 26, 1918, the morning the great Argonne offensive opened, he was Beverly wounded by a high explosive shell. Following that came months of suffering and slow recovery in hospitals, and on May 3, 1919, he was invalided home and received his honorable discharge at Camp Zachary Taylor, receiving a surgeon’s certificate of disability. Soon after the close of his army service Mr. Johnson took up his studies in Kentucky Wesleyan College at Winchester, where he was graduated with the Bachelor of Arts degree in 1922, and in 1923 received the Master of Arts degree from the same institution. In 1922-23 he was principal of the Mount Sterling High School in Kentucky, and in the fall of 1923 was called to his present duties as superintendent of schools at Burton, Ohio. In this village he has under his supervision a teaching staff of nine and a scholarship enrollment of 400. Mr. Johnson is a republican, is a member of the Church of the Disciples, is affiliated with Geauga Lodge No. 171, Independent Order of Odd Fellows, at Burton, is past chancellor commander of Ivanhoe Lodge No. 48, Knights of Pythias, at Winchester, Kentucky, and is a member of the Kentucky Educational Association, the Ohio State Teachers, Association and the Northeastern Ohio State Teachers, Association. He is first sergeant of Hospital Company No. 137 in the Kentucky National Guard. May 30, 1922, at Richmond, Kentucky, Mr. Johnson married Miss Bernice Conlee, daughter of John W. and Kate (Thomas) Conlee. Her father, who died in Montgomery County, Kentucky, was a farmer, and held several important county offices. He was a democrat. Her mother lives at Winchester. Mrs. Johnson, who is now a senior in Kentucky Wesleyan College at Winchester, is the mother of two daughters, Indianola, born June 12, 1923, and Wyama, born August 9, 1924. RALPH O. HIBSCHMAN has held since 1918 the position of superintendent of the public schools at Madison, Lake County, and under his effective executive supervision the work of the schools in all departments has been brought up to a high standard. Ralph Otis Hibschman claims the historic old Keystone State as the place of his nativity, his birth having occurred near Reading, Berks County, Pennsylvania, November 13, 1892. He is a son of Jacob and Rebecca (Bomberger) Hibschman, the former of whom was born in Schuylkill County, Pennsylvania, February 8, 1854, and the latter was born at Bethel, that state, on the 16th of September, 1853. Of the children the eldest is Harry J., who was graduated from Georgetown University, District of Columbia, and