1350 - HISTORY OF NORTHWEST OHIO trade, he worked in that line for a number of years at Toledo, and was long employed as foreman in a furniture factory there. In 1882 he removed to Point Place, where he bought fourteen acres of ground. For three years he continued working at his trade in Toledo, but then gave up that business to devote all his attention to farming. He continued his active career there until his death in 1900 at the age of fifty-four. August Kleis Sr. had paid $2,000 for his land at Point Place, and many said that he would never get it paid for. Since then a single building lot was sold for almost as much as the purchase price. His wife died in 1916. The oldest of their children, C. August Kleis, Jr., received his education in the Toledo schools and practically grew up on his father's farm near Point Place. He farmed for some years, but is now chiefly concerned in dealing in real estate and in subdividing and building operations. He married Miss Minnie Winters, of Toledo. They have no children. Mr. Kleis' brothers and sisters are : Millie, Bertha, Carrie, Fred and Edward. In politics Mr. Kleis is an active republican and has filled several of the minor township offices. He is a member of the First Reformed Church, is identified with Toledo Lodge, Free and Accepted Masons and with the Foresters, and is a member of a German Beneficial Society. ROBERT MCCASKEY. Of the names that have been longest and most influentially identified with Toledo 's commercial affairs, that of the late Robert McCaskey stands out prominently. He was a constructive business man, one who built up and left the impress of his individuality and activities as a permanent asset to the city. He was born in Delta, Fulton County, Ohio, in December, 1837, and represented one of the pioneer names of that section of the state. His father, Matthew McCaskey, was the third man to settle with his family in the county, and for years was one of the leading figures in its life and affairs. During the decades of the '40s and '50s schools were very poor and inefficient in Fulton County, and Robert McCaskey consequently had limited advantages in that way. However the knowledge he acquired in the schools of experience and hardship marked him as a leader throughout his mature life. His business career in Toledo began in 1877, though he did not move his family to the city until 1885. Robert McCaskey did his greatest work as a real estate man. His office became known throughout the state as the most progressive and enterprising of its kind. Up to 1891 be was in business under his own name, but from that date was associated with his son Fred under the name Robert McCaskey & Son. Mr. McCaskey early turned his attention to oil operations and was as successful in that department as he was in real estate. It was through his influence and enterprise that many of the manufacturing industries that now contribute to Toledo's wealth were induced to locate in the city. He was not less of a citizen because he was a striking figure in commercial affairs. He served as a member of the Board of Directors and as an appraiser in the Co-operative Building and Loan Company, was a stockholder in the Norwood Land Company and a member of the Fitch Syndicate, besides holding interests in several local building and loan companies. He owned a large amount of land both in Southern Michigan and Indiana. Upright and honorable in all his dealings, conservative yet confident, he was always a steadying influence in Toledo realty circles, and enjoyed the friendship and esteem of a large circle of friends. However, outside of business and home he formed few social associations, though at one time he wits a member of the Masonic Lodge at Napoleon. In 1864 he married Miss Esther Murphy, of Napoleon, where they were married. They became the parents of two children : Fred E., referred to on other pages ; and Mrs. T. B. Allen of Toledo. The sudden death of Robert McCaskey was regarded as a calamity in Toledo for he was taken away when still enjoying the promise of further extended usefulness, April 29, 1898. FRED EUGENE MCCASKEY. Though death came early and prematurely to Fred Eugene McCaskey, he had in the space of less than thirty-five years attained a position of prominence both as a business man and citizen of Toledo. He was a. son of the late Robert E. and Esther (Murphy) McCaskey, reference to whom is made on other pages of this publication. Born in Napoleon, Henry County, Ohio, September 16, 1871, Fred Eugene McCaskey grew to manhood amid the surroundings of an ideal home. The public schools of Napoleon HISTORY OF NORTHWEST OHIO - 1351 gave him their instruction until he was fourteen, at which time the family removed to Toledo, and he continued his education there until graduating from the Central High School with the class of 1891. A few days after his graduation he was in his father's real estate office helping to carry on the business. After six months as a clerk, during which time he had familiarized himself with the various details, he was admitted as a partner, and the firm name changed to Robert McCaskey & Son. A few years sufficed to give young McCaskey a position of prominence in Toledo, and there was no man more highly esteemed on account of his integrity, ability and honesty. For a number of years all his best energies were devoted to managing the numerous real estate, insurance and loan branches of the firm, and he himself was a factor in originating and establishing new lines of enterprise for the company. He also served as manager in Toledo for the Waterville Cement Post and Stone Company. Politically a republican, he exercised a fine independence in local matters and voted for the man he thought best fitted for office. His death, like that of his father, came suddenly and was a great shock to his family and many friends. While canoeing on the river near Walbridge Park on the evening of September 28, 1904, he was suddenly thrown into the water and before assistance could be summoned was drowned. His home life was ideal, and he exemplified the best virtues of a husband and father. His time was divided between his business and his home, and he spent little on lodges, clubs and social orders. On February 15. 1893. he married Miss Marietta Allen, member of a prominent Toledo family who are referred to on other pages under the name T. B. Allen, Mrs. McCaskey's brother. Mrs. McCaskey is a promiment member of the Daughters of the American Revolution, her ancestors having played a valiant part in that struggle for independence. Two children were born to Mr. McCaskey and wife, Robert Allen and Ruth Allen McCaskey, both of whom were liberally educated in the public and private schools of Toledo and the daughter is now pursuing advanced studies in Mt. Vernon Seminary, Washington, D. C. The son, Robert Allen, is pursuing a business career. JOHN WESLEY FOWLER, attorney of Toledo, Ohio, is a son of John A. Fowler and Emma (Cable) Fowler and a grandson of Allen Fowler and Sarah Graham Fowler of Scotch, English and Welsh descent. Mr. Fowler was born on a farm in Riga Township, Lenawee County, Michigan, on August 1, 1885. He attended the common schools of Riga Township until the family moved to Lucas County, Ohio, when Mr. Fowler was ten years of age. He then attended the schools of Springfield Township, Lucas County, Ohio, graduating in the high school of that township in 1903. After teaching school for a short time he entered the Toledo High School where he was graduated in 1906. He matriculated in The University of Michigan. in 1906 where he pursued an Arts Course for a period of two years. Then he temporarily dropped his university course to engage in general contracting and building which he followed for a period of three years and then resumed his studies at Ann Arbor in the law department from which he received his LL. B. in 1914. In the fall of 1914 he took up the practice of law in the Messinger Building at the corner of Summit and Cherry streets. He practiced there for about a year under a partnership arrangement with Clair B. Hughes, under the firm name of Fowler & Hughes, the latter being a classmate. This partnership having been later dissolved, Mr. Fowler has since practiced with offices in the Spitzer Building. John A. Fowler, father of John W. Fowler, is a native of Western Pennsylvania, having been born in Clarion County July 1, 1847. As a young man he engaged in the oil business, the oil boom being on in Pennsylvania at that time. He later went West where he married Emma Cable of Lucas County, Ohio, and since that time has followed general contracting and farming. To Mr. Fowler and wife were born six children, Rose Ella, deceased ; Samuel, William, Otto, John W. and Lulu Fowler Krepleever. John W. Fowler is an active member of The Lucas County Bar Association, The Toledo Commerce Club, The Northern Light No. 40, Free and Accepted Masons, of Maumee, Ohio, The Waterville No. 566, Independent Order of Odd Fellows, and The Hermitage of the University of Michigan. Mr. Fowler is very fond of outdoor sports and finds much pleasure in horseback riding, and also delights in long country hikes. On August 30, 1916, he married Marian L. Hickox of Toledo, Ohio, daughter of Edward 1352 - HISTORY OF NORTHWEST OHIO Platt Hickox and Emelyn Colton Hickox, both being descendants of old New England families, the Coltons having settled in Long Meadow, Massachusetts, near Springfield. Mrs. Fowler was educated in the Toledo public schools and took her A. B. degree from Wells College in 1913. EDWIN L. BORTON has for the greater part of his life been identified with one of the interesting rural sections of Lucas County, Point Place in Washington Township. In recent years he has had much to do with the subdivision and development of that as a suburban property contiguous to the Toledo metropolitan district. He was formerly active as a farmer, and altogether has many interesting associations with this section of Northwest Ohio. He was born near Riverside in Burlington County, New Jersey, August 18, 1855, a son of Bethuel and Caroline (Stockton) Borton. His ancestry on both sides goes back to early colonial days. His mother Caroline Stockton was connected with the same family to which Commodore Stockton, one of the gallant commanders of the United States navy in the early years of the last century, belonged. In the paternal line one of Mr. Borton's ancestors was a colonel in Washington's army in the Revolutionary war. The first of the Borton family to come to Ohio were five brothers, John, Job, Nathaniel, Samuel and Benjamin, who arrived in 1836. These five brothers were uncles of Bethuel Borton. These brothers and their mother drove all the way from Philadelphia with wagons and teams, and settled in Fulton and Williams counties. John was one of the pioneer refiners of peppermint oil. On one trip he took a load of this oil to Philadelphia in a wagon, and on arriving there was paid $5.00 a pound for his product. Bethuel Borton brought his family west in 1856, arriving in Toledo on the 16th of February in that year. He soon located at Point Place in Washington Township. That was then a wilderness section of Lucas County, and woods and swamps made up a landscape very different from its present appearance. Bethuel acquired several tracts of land there, seventy-one acres in all, and began its clearing and cultivation. His market was Toledo. In going to that town it was necessary to drive along the Bay shore as far as Mud Creek, and thence follow that stream up to the crossing into Toledo. Mr. Edwin L. Borton remembers several of those trips when a boy. On the homeward journey he would usually get out and pilot the wagon and team by the aid of a lantern. It was necessary to do this in order that his father might see the way to drive between the trees which hemmed in the road on both sides. Bethuel Borton and wife had the following children: Henry, who died in infancy ; Louise, who died at the age of eighteen ; Edwin L.; Mary Ellen, Mrs. Jacob Carr of White Fish, Montana; Sallie, Mrs. James Barrow of Toledo; Frank, a resident of Bay City, Michigan, and 011ie, who died in infancy. The father of this family died in 1912 when about eighty-two years of age, and the mother passed away in 1904. Bethuel Borton was a man of considerable influence and prominence in the early affairs of his section of Lucas County. A man of excellent judgment and of absolute integrity he was frequently called upon to adjudicate disputes between his neighbors, and his decision was always final. Mr. Edwin L. Borton grew up in Lucas County and received his early education in its country schools, married Catherine Ely, daughter of John Ely, of Fulton County, where she was reared. The Ely family were early settlers in Fulton County, having located there in 1836 from Pennsylvania. Mr. and Mrs. Borton have the following children : Maggie, who married Howard Canby, an employe of the Traction Company at Lorain, has two children named Edwin and Robert; Edwin C., who lives at Point Place, married Mabel Brumley and has a son named Edwin Eugene. While Mr. Borton's father was an active member of the Masonic Lodge the son has never taken up any secret fraternal affiliations. He follows his father's example in politics, being a republican. The family were reared in the Friends Church and Mr. Borton favors that faith still, while his wife is a Methodist. After his marriage Mr. Borton started out for himself as a renter on farms near Point Place. He rented several different places, and lived on the Fayette place for thirteen years. In 1895 he removed to his present location, a part of his father's first purchase. There he owned and operated twenty acres, but in 1916 he had this land subdivided and it is now being sold as lots of a very popular subdivision. For years Mr. Borton carried on a successful business there as a farmer and gardener. As HISTORY OF NORTHWEST OHIO - 1353 soon as his land is sold he intends to retain only his private home and retire from active business. WILLIAM CLIFTON CARR. A banker by profession and by experience, William Clifton Carr is one of the very fortunate and very efficient men of Toledo. His business connections are well known in that city, and the fact that his ability and industry have put him at the age of forty into the office of first vice president of the strongest bank in Northwestern Ohio is a distinction such as might well satisfy the ambition of any man. Born in Toledo August 18, 1873, he is a son of Spencer D. and Martha Louise (Richards) Carr. His family has long been well known in banking circles at Toledo, where his father is now president of the National Bank of Commerce, and on other pages will be found more extended reference to his career. William C. Carr possesses much of the financial judgment and ability of his honored father and has brought to his profession a sound experience and painstaking care in the performance of his duty. He was educated in the public schools of Toledo and in 1892 was graduated from the Toledo High School and the Manual Training School. In October following his graduation he started as a messenger boy in the Second National Bank and has been steadily with this institution in all its remarkable growth and development for more than twenty-four years. He has occupied every position successively, was made assistant cashier and on January 10, 1905, was made cashier, and still later was elevated to the post of first vice president. Thus his entire business career has been worked out in one institution, and it has been strictly on the basis of merit that he has achieved this enviable status in the financial circles of Northwest Ohio. The Second National Bank stands for all that is strong and enduring in the business integrity of Toledo. It has a capital of $1,000,000 and a surplus of similar amount, while its total resources shown by a recent statement total over $15,000,000. M. W. Young is president, T. W. Childs is the second vice president, while C. W. Cole is cashier. The new home of the Second National Bank, twenty-one stories in height, was thrown open for public inspection on Saturday night, October 11, 1913. By actual count more than 2,000 visitors passed through the ornamental doors of the main floor, which is entirely occupied by the Second National Bank. This fine bank and office building towers above all others in Toledo, and is located in the very heart of the business district, and the bank itself is the heart of the financial resources of the city. The building is the highest structure of its kind in Northwest Ohio, and is located at the corner of Summit Street and Madison Avenue. The old bank building was located on Madison Avenue. Mr. Carr is also vice president and a director of The People's Savings Association, is director and treasurer of The Toledo Bread Company, director and treasurer of The Fifty Associate Company, director of The Toledo Factories Building Company, and director and president of The Allen Manufacturing Company. He was for two and a half years president of the Business Men's Club when that organization was started, and is now active in its successor, The Toledo Commerce Club. He is a republican in politics, a member of Sanford L. Collins Lodge, Free and Accepted Masons, of the Toledo Club, the Country Club, the Inverness Club, the Toledo Yacht Club, is a member and elder in the Collingwood Avenue Presbyterian Church. At Bowling Green, Ohio, July 18, 1899, he married Miss Cora Elizabeth Crim, daughter of Rev. J. M. Crim. Her grandfather, Rev. Jacob Biddle, was one of the first circuit rider preachers in Ohio and spent many years traveling horseback and carrying the message of the Gospel from town to town and settlement to settlement. Mr. and Mrs. Carr are the parents of six children : Robert Spencer, aged seventeen ; Richard Clarence, aged fifteen ; William Paul, aged thirteen; Elizabeth,. aged eleven ; Rachel, aged nine ; and Louise,. aged four. CAPT. CLAYTON W. EVERETT. The recent death of Captain Everett, though he was past seventy at the time, left an unfilled vacancy in the Toledo bar and in the ranks of good citizenship. The following sketch of his career serves to adorn the pages of a publication on Northwest Ohio in which so many notable personalities of the past are given some credit for their achievements and influence. He was born near Granville, Ohio, April II 1844. His father, Israel, was a son of Samuel Everett of Torrington, Connecticut. Samuel Everett emigrated to Granville, Ohio, in 1805, making the journey with an ox team and 1354 - HISTORY OF NORTHWEST OHIO bringing with him " a small town library and the blade of a sawmill." A rosebush brought along on this tedious journey was still blooming (1915) in the yard of the first frame house erected at Granville—probably the house was built of lumber sawed out by this "blade of a sawmill" and it probably made a home for the "small town library." The Everett family from which Captain Everett sprang came originally from County Essex, England, to Watertown, Massachusetts, in 1636 and includes in its numbers the names of the illustrious Edward Everett and Edward Everett Hale. Clayton W. Everett lived on his father's farm where he was born until his enlistment at its formation, September 8, 1861, in Company H, Forty-ninth Ohio Volunteer Infantry. This company formed a part of the regiment of which William H. Gibson of Tiffin was the colonel. The boy was only seventeen years of age when he enlisted. He was soon made first sergeant and later captain. He was honorably discharged April 10, 1863, for wounds received in battle. He participated in the battles of Shiloh, April 6 and 7, 1862 ; Corinth, October 3 and 4, 1862 ; Lawrenceburg, Kentucky, October 9, 1862 ; and Stone River, Tennessee, December 31, 1862, and January 2, 1863. It was in the battle of Stone River, where he commanded a battalion when only nineteen years of age, that he lost his left arm at the shoulder. In 1864 he entered the Ohio Wesleyan University at Delaware and was graduated with honor in 1868. In 1870 he married Jennie M. Allen of Delaware, Ohio, who was also descended from a long line of revolutionary characters including Ethan Allen of Ticonderoga fame. Her father was Horace Allen, who came to the region of Columbus from Vermont in 1812. Captain Everett came to Toledo in 1868 and began the study of law in the office of Haines & Price, afterwards forming a partnership with Judge William F. Lockwood. After the death of Judge Lockwood he continued the practice of law by himself, having his office in the old Yeager Block until the erection of the Valentine Building, when he moved his office to that location and remained there until his death in 1915. As an attorney he was early interested in the collection of the vast mass of back taxes due the City of Toledo owing to the great expense of raising the streets of the city to a uniform level—in many cases bringing the street up to the second stories of the houses. This work caused him to specialize on the subject of real estate law, in which he became a notable expert, so that all real estate litigation of consequence in this region came to him either directly or indirectly. One of his greatest triumphs was his success in bringing to a favorable decision before the Supreme Court of the United States just prior to his last illness, the famous Anderson-Messenger suit, involving extensive property holdings in the down town portion of Toledo. He never held public office other than that of prosecuting attorney for one term, though he was often urged to allow his name to be proposed for the bench. He several times refused to run for the position of mayor, for which office he had backing of a large constituency. He did his full political duty otherwise, however, and took an active part in the early campaigns, in which he was an effective speaker. As a lawyer he was most highly respected by his legal associates. .His mind served him so well that he was able to see the point in a legal question with unusual promptness and he was noted for going directly to the point—often to the great confusion of associates less well grounded in the law and possessing less keen powers of penetration. A certain quaint bluntness that would have endeared him to such a man as Abraham Lincoln served to give him an enviable reputation among his friends, and this was accentuated by his lovable characteristics as a man. Indeed, he had a very large following among the humble and the distressed because of this very quality, for however blunt and brusque he might be with the pompous and those great in their own estimation, to the widow, the orphan and the humble seeker after justice he was kindness personified. Many a time he refused to take a case when he considered the cause was not a just one, so that his very espousal of a cause was ample proof to the Bench that it was a strong one. Although deprived of one arm Captain Everett was well known as an enthusiastic horseman. He usually drove a spirited young horse, seeming to take such risks that it was frequently predicted he would come to grief from this pastime. However, he seemed to have some power of mental control over these spirited animals and could do more in the way of controlling them than most men with two hands. His health began to fail during the last few HISTORY OF NORTHWEST OHIO - 1355 years of his life, but he kept at his office long after he should have been quietly resting at home. He died January 12, 1915, at the residence of his son-in-law Edward F. Rowley, 3236 Collingwood Avenue, Toledo. He was in the active practice of law in Toledo over forty-five years. Besides his widow he left two daughters, Mrs. Frederick J. Flagg, now of Phoenix, Arizona, and Mrs. E. F. Rowley of Toledo. HON. HORACE NEWTON ALLEN. Among the citizens of Toledo who have won distinction by service of national or international value there is one whose career has been very intimately and conspicuously associated with that unfortunate and now dependent empire of Korea. This is Dr. Horace Newton Allen, who was the last ambassador of the United States to the Korean government and who is an acknowledged authority on the people and affairs of that' ancient kingdom. By profession he is a physician, and it was as a medical missionary that he first came into close touch with the people of Korea, whom he served so long and intelligently. Doctor Allen has been a resident of Toledo since 1906, his home being at 2248 Parkwood Avenue. Horace Newton Allen was born in Delaware, Ohio, April 23, 1858, being the son of Ohio pioneers, Horace Allen and Jane (Riley) Allen. Ethan Allen, the hero of Ticonderoga, was his grand-uncle, while his Grandfather Riley also fought in the War of the Revolution. Doctor Allen graduated from the Ohio Wesleyan University at Delaware in 1881, and in 1883 obtained the medical doctor degree from the Miami Medical College. He married Frances Ann Messenger, who was also graduated from the Ohio Wesleyan University in 1881. She is a descendant of the Messengers who emigrated from England to Connecticut in 1630 and included several revolutionary heroes in their numbers. Soon after his graduation in medicine and immediately upon his marriage, having been appointed medical missionary of the Presbyterian Church, Doctor and Mrs Allen went to China. They lived at Nanking and Shanghai, being at the latter city when it was attacked by the French in 1884 and being obliged to flee for refuge on the night that their first son was born. Korea having just been opened by treaty, Doctor Allen went to Seoul and secured entrance to the country under appointment as physician to the American Legation. Missionaries were not then allowed to reside in Korea. Arriving in Seoul September 20, 1884, he was present during the emeute of December of that year when the Chinese drove the Japanese from the land. By surgical means he saved the life of the important personage, Prince Min Yong Ik, as well as the lives of numbers of Chinese and natives. For this work, besides other emoluments, he was given a hospital and equipment by the government and was made court physician. He was also appointed by the British, Japanese and Chinese governments as medical officer to their respective legations. His intimate relations with the royal family as court physician led to his becoming the unofficial adviser to the Korean government. In this capacity he took an embassy of twelve natives to Washington in 1888-89 and established a legation there in the face of most strenuous opposition from the Chinese government, as the object of this establishment was to demonstrate the complete independence of Korea from China. Yuan Shi Kai, the present (1916) Emperor of China and then Chinese minister to Korea, led in this opposition, but it did not sever the ten years' intimacy of the two, even though the mission was entirely successful in its object. In 1890 Doctor Allen was appointed secretary of the American Legation in Korea, and he was chargé d 'affaires for a year in 1893-4. While secretary of legation he took a commission and an exhibit to the Columbian Exhibition at Chicago in 1893. In 1897 President McKinley promoted him, without leaving his post, to be minister resident and consul general, and in 1901 he was promoted to be envoy extraordinary and minister plenipotentiary to the Korean Court. He was also envoy of the United States Government to the Korean coronation in 1902, and was twice decorated by the Korean emperor. He left Korea in July, 1905, at the close of the Japan-Russian war, the legation being soon after reduced to the grade of a consulate general under Japan. Doctor Allen was actively connected with the Korean government for twenty-one years, or practically the entire period of the country's independence—in securing which independence he had played an important part. He was present during three wars—the conflict between China and Japan in 1884 as well as the great war between these two powers for the possession of Korea in 1894, and the war between Russia and Japan for the same purpose in 1904-05. For sympathy and aid dur- 1356 - HISTORY OF NORTHWEST OHIO ing these times of trial he was given the highest honors and decorations the little kingdom had to bestow. Owing to the unique position of trust and influence he held with the royal family and the ruling classes he was able to so promote American interests that they were paramount in Korea prior to the taking over of the country by the Japanese as the result of their success in the war with Russia. Thus it was that Americans built the first steam and electric railways as well as electric lighting and power plants. The fine water works system for the capital was built and operated by Americans, who also built the first real wagon roads in Korea. Americans opened up and continue to operate the rich gold and copper mines of the country, while American kerosene was (and is) the illuminant of the people and general imports of merchandise from America made a most creditable showing. In each case these several enterprises were founded upon and made possible by concessions obtained by Doctor Allen from the Korean government—often in the face of strenuous opposition from rival nations. As an author Doctor Allen has written entertainingly and instructively several books with special reference to his experiences in this eastern kingdom. These include : Korean Tales, 1889 ; A Chronology of Korea's Foreign Relations, published 1900 and supplement published in 1903 ; Korea, Fact and Fancy, 1904, and Things Korean, 1908. He has published serious articles in the North American Review and other publications, and has delivered well paid lectures before scientific bodies in several of the larger cities and universities of the United States. In 1911 the Ohio Wesleyan University honored Doctor Allen with the degree doctor of laws. He is a member of the Phi Beta Kappa, of the Authors Club at London, and in his home city is a member of the Toledo Club, the Country Club and the Commerce Club. He is president of Anthony Wayne Chapter, Sons of American Revolution. Doctor and Mrs. Allen have two children, Horace Ethan, born in Shanghai, and Maurice, born in Seoul, Korea. They both graduated at St. John's Military Academy at Manlius, New York, and after a year of study in Switzerland graduated in 1908 from the Massachusetts Institute of Technology. Maurice also graduated in 1911 from the Ann Arbor Law School. Horace married Lydia, daughter of O. S. Brumback of Toledo and is engaged in the practice of his profession of mechanical engineering. Maurice married Mildred, only daughter of Barton Smith of Toledo, and engaged in the practice of law with Mr. Barton Smith. LOUIS ST. MARIE is an old and well known citizen of Marblehead in Ottawa County, where he has been closely identified with business affairs and where he has performed a full share of the services required of a public spirited citizen. Born at Marblehead December 13, 1868, he grew up on his father's farm in that locality, and as a youth learned the carpenter's trade. After finishing his apprenticeship he traveled as a journeyman workman throughout the West for a year or two and after his marriage was again in the West for some time. In 1892 Mr. St. Marie identified himself with the life saving service of the Federal Government at Marblehead Station, and" was one of the fearless and courageous men in the crew at Marblehead for six years. He left in 1898, and in that year engaged in the mercantile business at Marblehead, which he conducted for nine years. Since 1907 he has been largely retired from active business, though his property interests require his general attention. He is now president of the Marblehead Bank Company, which was organized in 1907 and Mr. St. Marie has been its president since its organization. Recently he invested some capital in carp fishing and has some good grounds at Bay Point. He is now filling the office of clerk of Danbury Township, and he was first elected to that office in 1898. He has also served on the Marblehead Council several times. He is a democrat, a member of the Catholic Church, of the Knights of Columbus and the Catholic Knights of Ohio. His parents were Octave and Anatalie (Mairleau) St. Marie, and both were born and reared at La Prairie not far from the City of Quebec, Canada. They were married there and about 1865 came to Ohio, settling at Marblehead in Ottawa County. Here the father entered the service of David Alexander for whom he worked until he bought some land owned by Mr. Alexander and then began farming independently. He continued actively as a farmer until 1910, when he retired and moved to Marblehead, where he died in 1911. His wife passed away in 1882. Their children were Ephraim who was born in Can- HISTORY OF NORTHWEST OHIO - 1357 ada and died at Denver, Colorado, in 1888. Mary, who died in infancy ; Louis; Victoria, who died in 1897 ; Clotilda, now Mrs. Joseph Johnson of Jerome, Arizona; Louise, ,wife of John E. Brunner, superintendent for the Kelley Island Lime Company at White Rock, and Elizabeth who died in 1882. Louis St. Marie married Miss Anna Knoerle, of Marblehead, who died in 1896. Their children are : Raymond Martin, employed by the Warner Manufacturing Com- pany at Toledo, who by his marriage to Gertie Sherer has a son, Louis ; and Edith Anna living at home. Mr. St. Marie married in 1898 Rosanna A. Ward, of Marblehead and they have become the parents of Eugene Maurice, Clarence James and Genevieve, who are still at home. CROSSMAN CHAPMAN, M. D. At the time of his death, May 29, 1910, Dr. William C. Chapman was one of the oldest practicing physicians in Toledo. He had been a member of the profession there for nearly forty years, and his general standing both locally and over the state is sufficiently indicated by the fact that at one time he was president of the Ohio State Medical Society. Members of two successive generations of the Chapman family have practiced medicine, the late Dr. William C. Chapman and his son, Dr. George L. Chapman of Toledo. A native of Cincinnati William Crossman Chapman was born August 15, 1840, and was seventy years of age when he died. His father was W. B. Chapman, Ph. G., while the mother was Margaret (Crossman ) Chapman, a daughter of a leading member of the Society of Friends in Cincinnati. Doctor Chapman was reared in Cincinnati, attended the public schools, and also fitted for college in the private school of Charles E. Matthews of that city. At the age of eighteen he took up the profession and business of pharmacy under the instruction of his father, who at that time conducted one of the leading stores in that line at Cincinnati. In 1861 the late Doctor Chapman took up the study of medicine as a profession, and completed a partial course of lectures in the Medical College of Ohio, and subsequently continued his studies under the preceptorship of Drs. William Clendenin and William H. Mussey. On account of demands of business he had to give up his medical studies for a time, but they were resumed in 1871, and in the spring of 1873 he graduated doctor of medicine from Miami Medical College of Cincinnati. With his professional career before him, he chose Toledo as the scene of his endeavors, and at once established his home and opened his office in this city. Almost from the first he enjoyed a successful practice both in medicine and surgery and in the course of years he attended a clientage that could not have been otherwise than gratifying to his professional pride. Most of his public service was rendered through his profession. He was a member of the Toledo Board of Health for several years, also a member of the State Board of Health at one time, and his many accomplishments as a physician led to his election as president of the Ohio Medical Society. During the last six years of his life he was not in active practice beyond attending to an office clientage, largely made up of a number of patients who had come to rely upon his services and would not allow him to retire altogether. One of the former business concerns of Toledo was The Chapman Hardware Company, and Doctor Chapman supplied much of the capital of that organization. Its store was first located on Adams Street, and later on Superior and Huron streets, and it was one of the prosperous concerns in its day. A number of years ago Doctor Chapman sold his interest in the company. In January, 1901, he organized The Toledo Pharmacal Company. .In 1904 it was incorporated, and Doctor Chapman was president and treasurer of the corporation until his death. Since then the officers of the company have been : Frank H. Chapman, president ; Mrs. Harriet Chapman was vice president up to the time of her death ; Howard V. Chapman, secretary ; and William B. Chapman, who is the active head of the concern and its treasurer and general manager. Doctor Chapman was a member and elder of the Westminster Presbyterian Church, and was closely associated with his wife in many philanthropies. He was a strong republican, though never aspiring to office, and was devoted to home and profession, being little known in clubs or lodges. He had traveled extensively and was a man of wide information. Doctor Chapman's home life was ideal. On September 3, 1863, he married Miss Harriet Mitchell, a daughter of Jethro Mitchell of Cincinnati, Ohio, and a sister of the late J. G. Mitchell, lumberman and banker, who died in 1358 - HISTORY OF NORTHWEST OHIO 1915. Mrs. Chapman was born in Cincinnati December 29, 1843, and died at her home in Toledo January 29, 1916. She was especially well known for her extensive and active philanthropies. Until the time of her death she was vice president of The Toledo Pharmacal Company, and she employed her personal means liberally in behalf of local institutions. She served on several committees with the old Toledo Young Women's Christian Association, then located on Erie Street, and took a prominent part in the campaign for raising funds to build the new Young Women's Christian Association which Toledo has today. Until three years before her death she continued her church work with unabated zeal and energy. She was a member of the Westminster Presbyterian Church as long as it was in existence, and then became identified with the Collingwood Presbyterian Church from its beginning. She served as a trustee of the Young Women's Christian Association until her death. Doctor and Mrs. Chapman are survived by five sons. Harry M., the oldest, is connected with Armour & Company of Chicago. Frank H., president of The Toledo Pharmacal Company, has his chief business connection with The Yost Electric Manufacturing Company of Toledo. Dr. George L. is the only one of the sons to follow his father in the medical profession. William B. is treasurer and general manager and Howard V. is secretary of The Toledo Pharmacal Company. HON. EDWIN J. LYNCH. Though he began law practice at Toledo only five years ago, the Donors of his profession and of political life have already marked Edwin J. Lynch as one of the prominent men in his section of the state. Mr. Lynch was formerly a member of the law firm of Ragan & Lynch, and is now a member of the Ohio Senate from the Thirty-fourth District. He was born at Toledo May 1, 1887, a son of John E. and Julia C. (Stack) Lynch. His mother was born in Toledo and his father in Crestline, Ohio, and they were married in Toledo. John E. Lynch came to Toledo in 1883 and since that year has been a successful groceryman anti has been continuously in business at one location, the corner of City Park Avenue and Indiana Avenue. He occupies an honorable position in the mercantile affairs of the city, and he and his wife have reared a family of four stalwart sons, Edwin being the oldest. John T,, who is clerk in the tax office at the Toledo courthouse, married Nella VanAarle of Toledo, Ohio. Walter F. is clerk for The Barrett Co. of East Toledo. Robert J. is assisting his father in the store. All the sons were born and educated at Toledo. Edwin J. Lynch graduated in 1900 from St. Patrick's Academy of Toledo, later attended the old Central High School and for his professional education attended the University of Notre Dame at South Bend, Indiana, where he was graduated bachelor of laws from the law department in 1910. Mr. Lynch was admitted to the Indiana bar in October of that year and to the Ohio bar December 20, 1910. On January 1, 1911, he began the practice of law with Paul Ragan at Toledo under the name Ragan & Lynch. This partnership existed until August, 1915, since which time Mr. Lynch has practiced alone. A loyal and enthusiastic democrat, Edwin J. Lynch first became prominent in politics in the primaries of August, 1914, as candidate for State Senator from the Thirty-fourth District. He was elected in November, 1914, for a term of two years and has capably represented his district in the recent legislature. In August, 1915, Mr. Lynch was appointed assistant prosecuting attorney of Lucas County, and he is now giving most of his time to the duties of that position. Mr. Lynch is a member of the Knights of Columbus, the Knights of Equity, the Lucas County Bar Association, the Toledo Commerce Club, the Toledo Lodge of the Benevolent and Protective Order of Elks, and he makes his home with his parents. He is an athletic young man, and while in high school and college he somewhat distinguished himself on the football gridiron, having been a member of the Notre Dame team for three years. HON. WILLIAM E. BENSE. Ottawa County possessed no more vigorous and upstanding business man, financier, and public spirited citizen than the late William E. Bense, who after an illness of many months died in a Toledo hospital July 15, 1911. He was a man of affairs in the best sense of that phrase, and had a character as well as an ability at action which gained him the thorough confidence of all who had dealings or associations with him. He was a man of high ideals, a student and a thinker, was absolutely honest and absolutely fearless, and in his work as a legislator was independent of party when his convictions as to the public good were at stake. He was indeed the captain and master of his soul. HISTORY OF NORTHWEST OHIO - 1359 Though nearly all his life was spent in Ottawa County, William E. Bense was born in Brunswick, Germany, January 21, 1849. Some years before, in 1842, his father had come to America, but soon went back to Germany and was married. In 1848 the German revolution broke out and he again came to America with several other high spirited Germans who settled on farms near Elmore in Harris Township of Ottawa County. In 1850 William E. Bense, then about a year old, came over with his mother and joined the husband and father in Ottawa *County. William E. Bense in 1855 went back to Prussia with his mother, who, however, remained only a short time, leaving her son and daughter to be educated in the home of their grandmother. Then at the age of fifteen William E. Bense came back to America and thenceforward was a permanent resident of Ohio. For a year or two he worked on a farm, then made a trip through the West, and on returning to Oak Harbor engaged in bridge contracting. When he was quite young he became identified with public affairs, was elected a justice of the peace in Salem Township, and served two terms as mayor of Oak Harbor. In 1877 he was nominated and elected clerk of courts for Ottawa County and re-elected in 1880. Retiring from that office he took up the real estate and loan business, but in 1887 was elected a Member of the Sixty-eighth General Assembly and re-elected to the Sixty-ninth in 1889. While in the Legislature at that time he was an ardent supporter of the late Senator Brice and one of his closest friends. His ability and worth were recognized and he was made chairman of the Finance Committee, which gave him the highest place in the Legislature next to speaker of the house. After a service of two terms in the Legislature Mr. Bense returned to his home in Port Clinton., and during the next fifteen or twenty years was the most influential factor in making that town an important center of the fishery industry around Lake Erie. He organized the Bense Fish Company, started this as a small concern, but in time made it a business of wide scope and representing thousands of dollars of capital and engaging the services of a large force of men. When he sold the business in 1902 to a syndicate it brought him $50,000. Though he had been out of active politics nearly twenty years Mr. Bense reluctantly consented in 1905 to become a candidate to the Legislature, and was elected by a large majority. He became the ranking democratic member of the Finance Committee, but had to resign that position on account of ill health. A few years before his death a special correspondent of the Cleveland Leader spoke of his legislative record as follows : "His committee work as well as the fact that he is a recognized legislative leader has given him opportunity for observation as to progress in legislation. He asserts that the problems that confronted twenty years ago are still issues, and it amuses him to see the solons fight over the same old fish and game bills, temperance measures and other subjects which he says are always with us. Mr. Bense is about as independent as a partisan may well be. Even Governor Harmon has been unable to convince him that he should oppose republican taxation, utility and other measures, for political reasons. Two years ago he supported the republican referendum amendment to the Schmidt traction franchise bill, despite the pleadings of Tom L. Johnson's delegate to vote against it. Mr. Bense's advice in legislation is sought not only by democrats but by republicans, and his opinions are respected even by those who conscientiously disagree with him on matters of principle. No one can guess how many bills introduced under other names have been written by Mr. Bense. Members with ideas consult him and if he agrees with them ask him to draw the bills for them, and being of an obliging disposition he does the work." Mr. Bense was re-elected to the legislature in 1907. On July 4, 1871, he married Miss Margaret Scheuerman, who was born in Sandusky County. Her parents came to Ohio from Germany. Mr. Bense was survived by Mrs. Bense and two daughters. The other daughter is Mrs. Arthur Reed Black of Port Clinton, wife of the sales manager of the American Gypsum Company. They have one child, Madaline Virginia. The younger daughter, Agnes Margaret, is the wife of John C. De Pue. Mr. Bense was an active member of the Oliver H. Perry Masonic Lodge, and he was buried with the honors of that Order. His pastor, Rev. Mr. Robertson of the Methodist Church spoke of his character as follows: "Mr. Bense was a man of deep convictions, not from the standpoint of the partisan, but from what he observed and studied. If his party was in line with what he thought was right---welland good, but if not he aligned himself against his party. He was in the Legislature to serve the State in the way he 1360 - HISTORY OF NORTHWEST OHIO thought best. Of course there were many who disagreed with him, yet with all they respected him. He had his reasons for whatever stand he took. "Mr. Bense was not a man of sentiment, yet his heart was tender, and he was ever ready to help the needy in distress. As a business man he was honest and just. He fulfilled his part and expected others to do the same. As a citizen he interested himself in those things which looked to the betterment of our city. As father and husband he was faithful and true. He loved his home and sought to make it a place of restfulness and comfort. Friend to those who labored, a brother to the unfortunate, a helper in the time of need, a patriot in his country 's interests, a man in the front ranks of men, we have lost a citizen who brought honor to our city and state." WILLIAM ELLSWORTH COLE. One Of Toledo's old established firms with a long record of service is A. B. Cole Sons Company, with offices at 1425-1427 Broadway. This is a business which was established by the late Abner B. Cole, whose career as a prominent Toledo business man is sketched on other pages, and its active manager at the present time is William Ellsworth Cole, a son of the founder. This business has been built up through many years and now represents a complete service for trucking, moving and storage of household goods, a transfer and express business to all parts of the city and the sale and delivery of coal and coke and other supplies. A large amount of capital is employed in the business together with a large force of employes and a large equipment of mechanical facilities for efficient transportation. William E. Cole, who was born at Myricksville. Massachusetts, October 8, 1862, is one of Toledo's enterprising and progressive business men. He was four years of age when he came with his parents to Toledo, and was graduated from the local high school with the class of 1880. He began his business career with the Blade Printing & Paper. Company, and afterwards for a time was in the employ of the A. E. Macomber & Company. In 1898 after the death of his father he took charge of the business which the latter had established, and has continued it under the old firm name of A. B. Cole Sons Company. W. E. Cole is now the owner of this extensive concern. He was also proprietor of a shoe store at 1612 Broadway, having entered that business before the death of his father and he continued it until 1915, when he sold out in order to devote his :entire time and attention to the larger business. He also owns some real estate in Toledo, and his success in business is the more satisfactory since all his prosperity has been honorably and honestly earned. Mr. Cole is a republican, is affiliated with the Knights of Pythias, the Modern Woodmen of America, the National Union, the North American Union and the Protected Home Circle, and also belongs to the South Side Commercial Club. He married Miss Anna C. Harris of Toledo, who was born in Huron County, Ohio. NEUHAUSEL BROTHERS are among the greatest merchants of Northwest Ohio. The success of these brothers has been nothing less than remarkable. It was fifty years ago that the name became associated with the dry goods trade in Toledo. Recently when the firm published the largest single advertisement of a store ever issued in Toledo papers, the first page contained a cut illustrating the original building of the first store. It was a squat frame structure, perhaps 20 feet in front, and only one side used for the modest stock sold by the proprietor. The combined enterprise of the brothers has given Northwest Ohio one of its most distinctive and most widely known trading centers. It should also be stated that along with success in private business, the brothers have combined a splendid public spirit, a loyalty to their home city, and an interest in the welfare of their employes, so that their store is not only a place of business but also in the nature of an institution. The founders of this .business were Nicholas Jr., Martin, John F. and George C. Neuhausel, who had come to America with their parents, Mr. and Mrs. Nicholas Neuhausel from their home in Hessen Darmstadt, Germany, in 1852. The family arrived in Baltimore July 10, 1852, and after spending six years in that city came to Toledo in 1858. Prior to the establishment of their store, the brothers were employed by one of the several dry goods merchants prominent in Toledo's early history. Shortly after the Civil war, during which, it might be remarked incidentally, one of the brothers, Martin, fought for the cause of his country, they decided to open a place of business of their own. Compared with the brilliance of the event which marked the opening of their new store on March 21, 1916, the brothers made an HISTORY OF NORTHWEST OHIO - 1361 exceedingly modest entrance upon commercial life on August 15, 1866. Their stock required but one side of the aisle of a single little store on Summit Street. However, the stock was well chosen, fairly priced and of only the kind of merchandise that could be safely recommended. It was in fact the small acorn from which the great oak of the present day has sprung. By strict adherence to established high standards, by an unswerving policy of square honest dealing in exclusively worthy goods, that little store has grown to be one of the city's best known establishments. On the evening of July 8, 1892, the store was the scene of a great fire that wrecked the building and destroyed practically the entire stock. Then came an exhibition of the enterprise of Neuhausel Brothers. Not a day's time was lost. The adjoining store was immediately acquired on the following morning and by noon business was resumed, though for a time in a limited way. Negotiations were at once opened for the purchase of the ground on which the burned building had stood. After the deal was closed, the work of construction was begun, the stocks were moved into the new store in 1893. For many years Neuhausel Brothers have been located at 429-433 Summit Street, where their large six-story building is devoted to both wholesale and retail handling of dry goods, carpets, women 's and children's shoes and kindred lines. On April 5, 1915, the brothers began the rebuilding of the entire store, and the formal opening of this place of business on Tuesday, March 21, 1916, was an event in the shopping district of the city. In rebuilding forty feet additional was bought to provide an annex to the store and there is now one solid building located in the heart of the business district on Summit Street and extending from No. 425 to No. 433, with a frontage of 100 feet and a depth of 115 feet, including six floors and the basement. The traveling public say that no better front in the state can be found than that presented by Neuhausel Brothers' store. The 100 feet of frontage is so arranged that it presents 300 feet of show windows, and there are two main entrances to the store. A canopy of iron and glass extends 60 feet along the front over the sidewalk. Since the beginning of their career Neuhausel Brothers have enjoyed a peculiarly unstinted confidence and good will among the shopping public of Toledo and surrounding territory, and that confidence has been merited through the unquestioned probity of their business methods during the half century that has gone. That same reputation for integrity is as marked a distinction of the house today as it was fifty years ago, and they have the same reputation for dealing in exclusively dependable merchandise. Close adherence to open, straightforward business habits has kept the continued good will of its many thousands of friends and patrons. A word should also be said concerning the solicitude Neuhausel Brothers have shown for the welfare of their employes. No better illustration of this can be found than what occurred on December 24, 1912. Due notice had been given, and at 6 o'clock on that evening the store closed its doors. This was an unprecedented event in Toledo's shopping district, and Neuhausel Brothers were the first to show the courage to close early on Christmas Eve and afford their employes the opportunity of spending that evening at home with their families. A little later they set another precedent. Since February 1, 1913, the Neuhausel store has closed its doors on Saturdays at 6 P. M., and for several years previously the firm had been foremost in agitating early closing on Saturdays among Toledo business men. NICHOLAS NEUHAUSEL, SR. It was not alone due to the fact that he was the father of those prominent Toledo merchants, Neuhausel Brothers, that the career of the late Nicholas Neuhausel, Sr., deserves some special mention and credit in this history of Northwest Ohio. He was himself an early settler in Toledo, coming when the city was new and raw, and it was his character for industry, strict integrity and many of the best social and civic virtues that gave him such an honorable place among men and that are largely responsible for the success of his family.. Born in Ober Roden, Hesse Darmstadt, Germany, January 1, 1810, Nicholas Neuhausel died at his home in Toledo aged about ninety years. In the thickly settled portions of Europe many of the tillers of the soil also follow other pursuits. His father in addition to being a farmer was a tailor and duly instructed and brought up his son to the same pursuit. Nicholas, Sr., was one of a family of four brothers and two sisters. When the young men reached maturity and sought independent homes of their own three of them located in Southern France. The experience and ambitions of Nicholas Neuhausel, Sr., finally decided him in a resolution to come to America to seek his fortune 1362 - HISTORY OF NORTHWEST OHIO and provide the better for his growing family. In July, 1852, he left the old world and came to America, first settling in Baltimore. A number of years before,- in 1833, he had married Miss Anna Mary Becker. It was with her and their family of children that he came to the New World. In 1858 Mr. Neuhausel arrived in Toledo. That city remained his home from that date until his death. Throughout his life, with all its increasing prosperity, he constantly practiced industry, frugality and those other virtues which bring community love and esteem to the individual. One impressive fact of the family history is the companionship, love and esteem that existed between Mr. and Mrs. Neuhausel during their married life which was prolonged for fifty-one years. They had celebrated their golden wedding anniversary in 1883 and Mrs. Neuhausel died the following year. Their last years were spent comforted by the presence and affection of a numerous family. At one time their own children comprised seven, there were twenty-two grandchildren and six great-grandchildren, making a total of thirty-six who occasionally gathered in happy family reunions under the Neuhausel home in Toledo. At the present time five sons and two daughters survive and are all residents of Toledo. Four of the sons constitute the pioneer dry goods house of Neuhausel Brothers, one of the largest and most conservative establishments in Toledo, located in the heart of the business district. Reference to this firm is found on other pages. JOHN SANDERSEN. It is more than likely that if a youth of inquiring mind should approach a man like John Sandersen, a prominent and substantial citizen of North Bass Island, with the question as to the best way to get on in the world, he would receive the practical answer, "go to work." Mr. Sandersen would speak from experience. When the necessity for self support confronted him very early in life, he did not question long nor did he seek the easiest tasks. Neither did he stand and wait for opportunity to come up with him, on the other hand he found it and seized it, and probably from that day to the present he has passed few idle moments. Hence, while yet in middle life, he is practically independent and not only does he own many acres of fine, productive island land, but he also enjoys the respect and esteem of those with whom he has lived in neighborly relationship for almost forty years. John Sandersen was born June 8, 1861, on the Isle of Foehr, off the coast of Schleswig, Germany, in the North Sea. His father's name was Nels Sandersen. He grew to the age of sixteen years in his native island, but after a sister had come to the United States and settled at Sandusky, Ohio, he bent every energy to secure the means to also cross the ocean and use his strength and skill in employments that would bring adequate returns and enable him to provide for the future. In 1877 he reached this country and after a short visit with his sister at Sandusky, came to North Bass in May of that year. He worked for one month for Albert Smith and then entered the employ of Edwin L. Keeney and continued with him for three years. Still later he was employed by Simon Fox and Rudolph Siefield at work in the vineyards and fisheries for some twelve years. Mr. Sanderson then went into business for himself, entering into a partnership with Fred Ernst and they conducted a fishery for six years, when it no longer was profitable as an individual enterprise on account of the organization of the Sandusky -Fish Company, which corporation bought their outfit. Mr. Sandersen, however, continued in the employ of this company for eleven years, when it went out of business. In the meantime he had acquired land for vineyard purposes, purchasing twelve acres at first to which he has added and now has a fortune in his thirty acres of vineyard, owning in all 50 acres. This is the result of persistent industry and excellent judgment. Mr. Sandersen was married to Miss Jennie Gorey, who was born in Erie County, Ohio, and is a daughter of John Gorey and a granddaughter of Devlin Gorey, who came from New York to Erie County with the first settlers. Mr. and Mrs. Sandersen have six children, namely : Elizabeth, who was born July 16, 1898 ; Clarence, who was born February 16, 1904; Dollie, who was born March 10, 1906 ; Theodore, who was born November 24, 1907 ; Rudolph, who was born July 3, 1910, and Nellie, who was born March 5, 1912. In politics Mr. Sandersen is a republic He has never accepted any public office e cept membership on the school board, whi he has held for twelve years and has been very efficient official. He is a member of th fraternal order of Maccabees. HISTORY OF NORTHWEST OHIO - 1363 HOWARD LEWIS. A lawyer of high standing and capabilities, Howard Lewis was admitted to the bar in 1903, and for the last six years has been a member of the prominent Toledo firm of Doyle, Lewis, Lewis & Emery. He is a son of Charles T. Lewis, one of the senior members of this law firm, and one of the best known attorneys of Northwest Ohio, having been in active practice at Toledo more than thirty years. The mother is Mrs. Dora (Glidden) Lewis, and for years the Lewis family has occupied a place of social prominence in Toledo. Born at Caldwell in Noble County, Ohio, October 18, 1877, Howard Lewis went to Toledo with his parents in 1882, grew up in that city, graduated from the Central High School and finished his preparatory education in Doane Academy at Granville, Ohio, where he graduated in 1896. He is an alumnus of Denison University, from which he took his bachelor of arts degree in 1900. Few men entered upon their professional work with better preparation and equipment. After graduating from Denison he entered Harvard Law School, and was graduated bachelor of laws in 1903. In December of that year he was admitted to the Ohio bar before the Supreme Court of Columbus, and at once returned to Toledo and began practicing with his father and Judge John H. Doyle. The firm of Doyle & Lewis was established many years ago, and the first important change in its title came in 1910 when. Howard Lewis and his brother Frank S. Lewis were admitted to partnership. On January 1, 1913, Judge Emery was also admitted, and that makes the present firm Doyle, Lewis, Lewis & Emery. Before his admission to the firm Howard Lewis had found a large field of usefulness in the profession. Since 1907 he has been attorney for the Lake Shore & Michigan Southern Division of the New York Central Lines, and his practice has been largely corporation work. He is a member of the Lucas County Bar Association and the Ohio State Bar Association, and has been a director in the Fifty Associates Company. of Toledo since its organization. Socially he is a member of Center Star Lodge No. 168, Free and Accepted Masons, at Granville, Ohio, and of the Sigma Chi fraternity. He belongs to the Toledo Commerce Club, the Toledo Club, the Inverness Golf Club, the Country Club, the Toledo Automobile Club, and is a member and trustee of the Ashland Avenue Baptist Church. For recrea tion he spends much of his time on the links. On April 20, 1910, Mr. Lewis married Miss Caroline Melvin Palmer. Their wedding, which was held 'at the home' of the bride on Parkwood Avenue, was one of the notable social events of the spring season of 1910. Mrs. Lewis was born at Fostoria, Ohio, and is a daughter of Melvin R. and Frances (Crockett) Palmer. Reference to the career of her honored father is shown on other pages. Her mother still lives in the old home at Parkwood Avenue. Mrs. Lewis was brought to Toledo when an infant and was educated at Miss Smead's School for Girls in Toledo and at Mount Vernon School in Washington, D. C. Mr. and Mrs. Lewis have two children, both born in Toledo, Howard, Jr., and Melvin Palmer Lewis. MELVIN R. PALMER was for many years a prominent business man of Toledo and was well known over Northwestern Ohio. He left a record as a gallant soldier, as an excellent manager of men, a keen and resourceful business man, and faithful and efficient in all civic relations. A native of Ohio, he was born in Geauga County January 1, 1842. When only a boy, in company with one of his brothers, he moved to St. Joseph, Missouri, which was then almost a frontier town, a point where railroad communication from the East ceased, and where the great overland freight traffic began. Soon after the breaking out of the Civil war he enlisted as a member of Battery C in the First Ohio Light Artillery, and he served until he lost an arm during one of the bloody engagements in which his command participated. He was then granted an honorable discharge, and returned to St. Joseph, Missouri, where he resided until 1877. In that year he went to Fostoria, Ohio, and became a member of the Dewey Stave Company, which had an office in that city. Later Mr. Palmer moved to Toledo, and about a year before his death was elected president of the Dewey Stave Company. He also acquired extensive interests in the oil fields, and was a member of the Palmer Oil Company. When still in the prime of his years and his usefulness he died at Toledo October 8, 1898, at the age of fifty-six. He was well known socially, a member of various clubs, lodges and other organizations, and besides the sacrifices he experienced as a soldier in the war he always bore a full share of such responsibilities as come to the public spirited citizen. 1364 - HISTORY OF NORTHWEST OHIO . Melvin R. Palmer married Miss Frances Crockett, who is still living at Toledo and occupies the old home on Parkwood avenue. Two of her daughters remain at home, Jeanette C. and Elgia F. The other daughter, Miss Caroline M., is now the wife of Mr. Howard Lewis, a member of the law firm of Doyle, Lewis, Lewis & Emery in Toledo. RUDOLPH SIEFIELD. It is to be hoped that there will never come a time when the truthful story of struggle crowned with success, will lose its attraction. Capital and influence assist many indifferent men to places of prominence, but their rise possesses no particular interest for either their fellow citizens or for the general reader, but a record of personal effort, of industry, courage and perseverance, leading from a poor and orphaned boyhood to affluence and proud position, is so human a document that it wins attention as it should, and spreads a beneficial and stimulating influence. Such a story may be unfolded concerning one of the most prominent citizens of North Bass Island, Ottawa County, Ohio, Rudolph Siefield, postmaster of the Isle of St. George and identified politically and in a business way with the leading affairs and industries of this entire section. Rudolph Siefield was born July 15, 1858, near Oak Harbor, Ottawa County, Ohio. His parents were born, reared and married in Wurttemberg, Germany. They came. to the United States some years after marriage and located in Ottawa County among the earliest pioneers, selecting land in what was known as the Black Swamp, in the northern part of the county. The father, Henry Siefield, contracted malarial fever and died when Rudolph was yet young, leaving the mother with nine children, as follows : Rickey, now Mrs. Helsley, a widow, living at Oak Harbor ; Caroline, who is the wife of Allen Tyrell, of Brompton, Michigan ; Louise, who is the widow of Horace Stevens, of California ; Minnie, who is the widow of John Stone, of Put-in-Bay ; Amelia, who is the wife of John Hetrick, of Oak Harbor ; Rudolph and Herman. who is a resident of East Toledo. After the death of the father, the mother removed with her children to Oak Harbor. She was a woman of thrift and resources and there started a small mercantile business which she carried on for several years or until her death. Rudolph Siefield was not more than ten years old when his mother died and he was thus left an orphan entirely dependent on his own efforts. He was willing and industrious and soon found an employer in Frank Clark, on Catawba Island, with whom he remained for some time and then came to Put-in-Bay, to the home of Allen Tyrrell. Wishing to see something of the world while bettering his condition, he then went to Escanaba, Michigan, and in that vicinity was a laborer for four years. In the spring of 1875, however, he returned to the islands and came to North Bass, where his brother-in-law, John Stone, in partnership with Simon Fox, were operating a fishery, entering their employ and continuing with them for ten years. During this time Mr. Siefield was prudent with his money and soon had capital enough to warrant an investment, this taking the form of rented land from Simon Fox and the operation of a vineyard on the same, on shares. Subsequently he bought the fish business of his employers and carried it on himself as long as it was profitable as an individual enterprise, but when the Sandusky Fish Company was organized, he sold to that concern. In the meanwhile Mr. Siefield had been buying land, his shrewd business instinct leading him to invest on the north shore of North Bass, continuing to add to his acreage from time to time, and he now has a home farm of fifty-two acres, thirty of which are in grapes. Another purchase, while still in the fishing business was the "Hen and Chickens" group of islands, north of North Bass, which he later disposed of to an outing club of Cleveland, of which he is a member. Besides his farm he has various other interests, the most important, perhaps, being the owner and individual operator of the Peerless Champagne Company. He grows his own Catawba grapes and produces a grade of champagne which in flavor, appearance and bouquet cannot be distinguished from the finest imported wines. He caters principally to private customers, discriminating buyers, who want the best wine they can procure and find their demands satisfied with the vintages of the Peerless Champagne Company. Mr. Siefield was one of the organizers of the Bass Islands Vineyard Company, of Sandusky, Ohio, large producers of grape juice, and is now vice president of this company. He is also one of the directors of the Becker Wine Company, and is president also of the North Bass Central Dock Company. Mr. Siefield was married to Miss Nana Fox, who was born at Put-in-Bay, July 15, 1858, and is a daughter of. Simon and Elizabeth HISTORY OF NORTHWEST OHIO - 1365 (Sullivan) Fox, and they have had three chil- dren : Florence, who was born February 19, 1884, is the wife of Emil Ruh, a prosperous grape grower of Put-in-Bay ; Ida, who was born June 21, 1887, is the wife of Walter S. Ladd, a. leading business man of Put-in-Bay and postmaster, and Walter F. who was born September 22, 1889, and died June 20, 1914, was a young man of great promise, finely educated and widely known. He had attended the Oak Harbor High School, the Sandusky Business College and the Ohio State University, being a graduate of each. He was married June 13, 1914, to Miss Rose Leschied, of North Bass. In politics Mr. Siefield is a sound democrat. For fifteen years he served as township trustee of North Bass, for many years was a justice of the peace and during the present administration has been postmaster of Isle of St. George. His high standing among his fellow citizens may thus, in a way, be determined. The leading fraternities are old institutions in the islands, and Mr. Siefield belongs to the Masonic Blue Lodge and Chapter at Sandusky, the Odd Fellows at Putin-Bay, and St. George Tent, Maccabees, North Bass. JACOB BASH. Since very early time in Toledo's history the name Bash has had important associations with commercial and civic life. Jacob Bash was one of that group of enterprising and influential men who laid the-permanent foundation for Toledo's prestige as a great grain and general commercial center. His son, H. M. Bash, is cashier of The Northern National Bank of Toledo. The Bash family were pioneers in Ohio, and it was at Navarre that the late Jacob Bash was born. He grew up in that town, attended the public schools, and during part of his earlier years conducted a dry goods store in Cleveland. Jacob Bash came to Toledo during the decade of the '50s, and thereafter was a continuous resident until his death. Several of the old time commercial institutions bore the impress of his character and activity. He was vice president of the Toledo Board of Trade. He was perhaps most widely known as a member of the commission firm of J. Bash & Com- pally, forwarding and commission merchants on Water Street. The members of this firm at one time were Jacob Bash, D. N. Bash, J. E. Hill and A. M. Orbison. Jacob Bash contin- Vol. III-3 ued actively in the grain business until his death October 5, 1872. He was a member of old Trinity Episcopal Church at Toledo, and in 1861 was married in that church. Elizabeth Brightman, who survived him for many years, was a Toledo resident for nearly fifty years. She came to Toledo from her early home in Muskingum County, and she died October 9, 1908. She is buried in Woodlawn Cemetery, while Jacob Bash was laid to rest in Indiana. Mrs. Bash for a number of years was a member of the First Congregational Church. There were three children, one son dying in infancy. The only daughter, Miss Nellie F. Bash, now a teacher in the Central High School of Toledo, was educated in the local schools and also attended Columbia University in New York City. Harry M. Bash, the only son, was born in Toledo, and after a public school education began his career as a banker in 1890. Since then continuously for more than a quarter of a century he has been identified with The Northern National Bank, and in January, 1913, was elected its cashier. The Northern National Bank of Toledo is one of the older and solid conservative financial institutions in Northwest Ohio. A recent statement shows its aggregate resources at more than ten million dollars. Besides Mr. Bash as cashier other executive officers are : I. E. Knisely, president ; J. K. Secor, H. C. Truesdall and A. F. Mitchell, vice presidents. Harry M. Bash is a member of the Toledo Club, the Inverness Club, the Toledo Yacht Club, Toledo Commerce Club, Toledo Automobile Club, of which he is treasurer, is affiliated with Sanford L. Collins Lodge, Free and Accepted Masons, Toledo Council, Royal and Select Masters, Toledo Chapter, Royal Arch Masons, and St. Omar Commandery of the Knights Templar. He and his sister occupy the Bash residence at 123 Twentieth Street. JASON ALONZO BARBER. Through an active career of more than thirty-five years, Judge Barber has been successively useful and influential as a teacher, lawyer, judge of the Court of Common Pleas, and one of the leading men in Toledo affairs. Born on a farm near Ionia, Ionia County, Michigan, January 24,, 1855, he is a son of Perry K. and Elizabeth Barber, who were pioneers in the woods of Michigan. After attending the common schools he received his higher education in Oberlin Academy and 1366 - HISTORY OF NORTHWEST OHIO Oberlin College, and was graduated bachelor of arts with the class of 1879. During the school year 1879-80 he was superintendent of schools at St. Mary's, Ohio, and was principal of the Toledo High School for the year 188081. After his admission to the bar he began active practice in Toledo, and for many years he has enjoyed a reputation among the ablest lawyers of Northwest Ohio. His law offices are in the Nicholas Building. He is also a director of the Security Savings Bank & Trust Company and of The Toledo & Indiana Railway Company. His record in public affairs was chiefly made while prosecuting attorney and judge of the Court of Common Pleas. He was elected prosecuting attorney of Lucas County in the fall of 1890, and served two terms, six years. Among the many important cases tried during that period were the notorious boodle councilmen cases, in which Judge Harmon let each convicted boodler off with a fine of $200 and costs. He also prosecuted the famous Quigley case, wherein Father Quigley of St. Francis de Sales' Church resisted the enforcement of compulsory education laws in Toledo, and fought the case through all the courts of Ohio. The case of Quigley v. Ohio was at that time the only case of the kind that was ever fought to a successful end in the court of last- resort. In the fall of 1896 Judge Barber was elected to the Bench, the Court of Common Pleas of Lucas County, and for ten years, two terms, administered the law impartially on that tribunal. He served as a member of the Board of Education of Toledo from 1888 to 1890. Judge Barber is a republican. On October 3, 1883, at Sandusky he married Ida M. Hull. Her family are of old American stock and long identified with Northern Ohio and Sandusky. The late Circuit Court Judge Linn W. Hull, was Mrs. Barber's brother. Her father was John L. Hull, a farmer in Erie County. Judge and Mrs. Barber have the following children : John E., a bond salesman ; Helen ; Alice ; Maurice C., in the junior year at Yale College ; and William M., who was in the Ambulance Service of the American Ambulance Hospital, was wounded, and received from the French two medals for bravery displayed while on the field of action. He was wounded in the battle of Verdun. He is now attending Oberlin College. They are all single but Helen, who is the wife of Dr. Whitelaw R. Morrison, now director of the athletic department of the Government School of Technology, at Shanghai, China. THOMAS CONLEN is the present mayor of Put-in-Bay. That responsibility was conferred upon him without his special seeking, and rather as a reward for the very efficient service he rendered when appointed to fill an unexpired term. Mr. Conlen has long been identified with Put-in-Bay, has been in the resort hotel business since early youth, and is proprietor of one of the most popular tourist houses in the town. He was born in Sandusky March 18, 1868, a son of Mr. and Mrs. Thomas Conlen. His father died when the son Thomas was a child. His parents were natives of Ireland, came to America in the early '60s, and after living in Boston came on west to Sandusky, Ohio. There was a large family of children, and after the death of the father the widow and her older children had to work hard to support themselves. Thus it was that Thomas Conlen was only nine years of age when he began working on a firm. He received meager advantages in schools prior to that date, and at short intervals afterwards. He worked on farms until he was seventeen or eighteen, and then came to Put-in-Bay, where he was employed for a time in the old Ward House, conducted by J. B. Ward, now the Crescent Hotel. He was employed in the Ward House during the summer seasons, and during the winters worked in Sandusky for the Sandusky Wheel Company. That was his regular routine of employment for about ten years. After his marriage in 1896 Mr. Conlen started out for himself, building a ten-room cottage which he opened during the season for the accommodation of tourists. From this start he has added to and improved his house, and now has twenty-three sleeping rooms and with 'general accommodations for about fifty people. His dining room has been a special feature in the popularity of his place, and frequently he has served over three hundred people at meal time. It has been his endeavor from the very start to serve meals and accommodate patrons in a way that would hold and increase his trade, and he has had a most gratifying success. In 1896 Mr. Conlen married Catherine Romell, a daughter of John Romell of Berlin Heights, Ohio. Mrs. Conlen has been an active factor in his success at Putin-Bay. They have an adopted daughter Mamie Rowland, who is now twelve years of age and is attending school. Mr. Conlen is a republican. For twelve HISTORY OF NORTHWEST OHIO - 1367 years he was a member of the city council of Put-in-Bay, and was then appointed to fill an unexpired term as mayor.. So satisfactory was his administration that he was compelled to accept the nomination for a regular term, and was elected by a large majority. GEN. CHARLES W. HILL. One of the distinguished figures produced by Ohio and contributed to the nation during the last days of the Civil war was the late Gen. Charles W. Hill, who was a pioneer resident of Toledo, and in that city was highly honored not only for his military record but also for the commanding place he enjoyed as a lawyer and as an effective worker in the ranks of good citizenship. It is probable that no one citizen of Toledo ever did more in behalf of public education than General Hill. A native of Vermont and of old New England pioneer stock, he was born at Starksboro, Addison County, July 7, 1812. His death occurred in Toledo November 24, 1881. When he was six years of age his parents removed to the Western Reserve of Ohio. Thus he became identified with the western frontier when Ohio was still young as a state and when its institutions were just developing and taking on character. General Hill during his early life in the Western Reserve received such advantages as farmers' boys of that period were granted, and by study at home and by his industry he eventually acquired a liberal education. At the age of twenty-two he entered Oberlin College, which was then a young institution and hardly of the rank which it has since enjoyed among the great educational centers of the Middle West. By manual labor and by teaching school he remained in Oberlin a year, but in 1836 at the age of twenty-four he left college and came to Toledo. His first experience as a citizen of Toledo was as clerk in the store of Charles G. McKnight. That early store occupied' a frame building at 343-347 Summit Street. A brief experience proved to him that he was not adapted to commercial work. While following other employment for a livelihood, he began the study of law with the aid of Daniel O. Morton, and was admitted to practice in January, 1839. In October of that year the firm of Tilden & Hill was formed, succeeding the older firm of Tilden & Osborn. Henry Bennett subsequently became a partner. With the election of Mr. Tilden as judge in 1843, the business of the firm was taken over by Hill & Bennett, who subsequently were joined by E. E. Perigo and later by Charles Pratt. For many years General Hill and Mr. Pratt were closely associated in the legal profession. In 1870 General Hill and his son, the late Avery S. Hill, established a law partnership. General Hill long enjoyed a peculiar prestige in the Toledo bar during the middle years of the last century. He was especially forceful as an advocate, and it is said that no one excelled him in the tireless and critical preparation of cases. For upwards of half a century he lent distinction to the profession in Toledo. Soon after coming to Toledo General Hill manifested a strong interest in military organizations. A writer in the Toledo Blade recently called attention to the patriotic spirit which prevailed among a number of the citizens of earlier times in Toledo, and as a result of their leadership, the writer declares, Toledo was better prepared to furnish efficient soldiers for the Union during the war of 1861 than it is now, notwithstanding the great increase of the city in business prestige and population. This writer mentions the five companies of militia in Toledo in 1858, one of these companies being known as the Toledo Cadets, which when first created was known as the High School Cadets, all the members being students in the high school. This organization had been effected by General Hill about 1856, and he found special pleasure in maintaining and directing the organization. As early as 1840 General Hill had become captain of the Toledo Guards, and in June, 1842, was elected brigadier-general of the First Brigade, Eighteenth Division, Ohio Militia. With the outbreak of the war in 1861, and with appointment as brigadier-general from Governor Dennison, he entered the military service of the United States. He was in command of the Ohio troops of West Virginia during the first year of the war, under the leadership of General McClellan. He was assigned to some very important duties in a district extending from Parkersburg and Wheeling to Cheat River, having about 250 miles of line to defend, but with greatly inadequate force. All his ability as an efficient soldier and his promptness and energy in carrying out commands from superior officers was greatly handicapped and hampered by lack of equipment and other circumstances not under his control. He also suffered from lack of cooperation from commanding officers, and on that account and partly from misunderstanding of the real situation he failed at one time, 1368 - HISTORY OF NORTHWEST OHIO in a timely offensive movement, and that redounded materially to the advantage of the enemy. The attempt then made to throw the responsibility upon General Hill was discreditable both because of the source of information and for want of requisite proof. However, General McClellan never made the explanation of the situation which General Hill confidently expected from him. For this reason, and also because of his age, General Hill at the expiration of the term of service of the Ohio troops, in August, 1861, retired from West Virginia and was assigned as commandant at Camp Chase, Columbus, then a rendezvous for Ohio volunteers for purposes of organization, equipment and discipline, and also one of the northern prisons maintained for southern soldiers. At Camp Chase General Hill rendered his most signal service to the cause of the Union. Included in his duties was the instruction of volunteer officers in matters of tactics and general discipline, and among such officers as came under his instruction should be mentioned Col. James A. Garfield of the Forty-second Ohio and Maj. Wager Swayne of the Forty-third Ohio. During 1862-63 General Hill was made adjutant-general of Ohio under Governor Tod, and that was a position for which his qualities of industry and attention to details especially fitted him. While he remained on official duty at Columbus, not less than 310 regiments and battalions of state militia were organized and their officers instructed. Besides the heavy duties which were imposed upon him at Columbus, General Hill spent much time attending camps of instruction at different points in the state. In these later days people are beginning to understand more generally what the advantage of preparedness in organization and equipment means. During the Civil war Ohio made a most enviable record both in the quality and number of its organized units of volunteer soldiers. In the light of these facts the merit and efficiency of General Hill's record stand out more conspicuously than ever. His service was especially noteworthy in the spring of 1864 when President Lincoln called for 100,000 men to serve 100 days, for the purpose of meeting the great emergency of that critical time. Largely due to the work which General Hill had planned and carried on in previous months Ohio was able to send forward 30,000 men within forty-eight hours after the call was issued. The heavy work and responsibilities entailed upon him seriously affected General Hill's health and he sought more active service in the field. However, he remained at Columbus until the One Hundred and Twenty-eighth Ohio Infantry was organized, and when that regiment was sent to Johnson 's Island in Sandusky Bay for garrison service he was assigned to duty with it. Again General Hill was called upon to assume some very delicate and important duties, all of which he discharged in a manner to command the uniform commendation of his superior officers. While on Johnson's Island he was banker of the prison, and had charge of the deposits of approximately 3,000 rebel officer prisoners, and there was never a complaint voiced regarding his administration of that post. Again and again recommendations were made for the promotion of General Hill, but he steadfastly declined them until his record during the early campaign in West Virginia could be duly investigated. This was finally completed and in 1865 he received the commission of brigadier-general and was brevetted as major-general. With the close of the war General Hill resumed his work as a lawyer in Toledo and was in active practice until ill health compelled him to retire. The City of Toledo must always give General Hill great credit for the work he did in behalf of pioneer public school education. He was foremost in establishing the first high school system, and in building the old Central High School, which has long since disappeared. The first systematic movement to establish public free schools in Toledo was made about 1849, and two years later General Hill was first elected to a position on the school board. He remained active as a member of the board. of education for more than thirty years, and for twenty-one years of that time was president of the board, finally declining another election in 1880. His interest in the public schools was so sincere and absorbing that he often neglected his law practice and his personal affairs. While he was a member of the board or its president a number of the old-time school buildings of Toledo were erected, and he was most assiduous in looking after the planning and construction of such buildings, in the general management of the schools, in procuring needed changes in school Jaws, and in bringing about every desired reform that would increase the efficiency and success of the public schools. Soon after coming to Toledo General Hill was made secretary of the Pioneer Lyceum upon its organization, and when that was merged with the HISTORY OF NORTHWEST OHIO - 1369 Young Men's Association he took an equally prominent part in its affair. General Hill long held a place in the city council, and was one of its most useful members. In municipal affairs it is said that he was never known to have been affiliated with any ring or special coterie, and in fact was almost a pioneer in his constant opposition to rings of every kind. In all his public and private relations he was actuated by the sincere spirit of patriotism and a high ideal of public service, and it is doubtful if any one man in the city gave so much of his time and labor without reward to the public welfare as did the late General Charles W. Hill. General Hill was twice married. By the first marriage there were three children : Avery S., reference to whom is made on other pages; Mrs. Sophie L. Peckham ; and Mary E., wife of Henry D. Pierce, who was formerly a principal of the Junior High School of Toledo. ABRAHAM JEREMIAH HAMMER, M. D. By reason of more than thirty years of active practice in Northwest Ohio, and by his distinctive skill as a urgeon, the late Doctor Hammer should be regarded as one of the foremost representatives of his profession. Death stayed his hand in the full maturity of his powers and experience. At the time of his death Doctor Hammer was in charge of the medical and surgical department of the County Infirmary at Toledo, Ohio. Doctor Hammer had practiced in Toledo thirty years, and was an acknowledged expert in the field of surgery. He had been in charge of the medical and surgical department of the County Infirmary for a little more than two years. Abraham Jeremiah Hammer was born in Bedford County, Pennsylvania, June 1, 1853, and, was in his fifty-ninth year when he died on April 5, 1912. His parents were Rev. William and Margaret (Beisle) Hammer. His father devoted his entire life to the ministry of the Evangelical Church. The youngest in a family of five sons and four daughters, Doctor Hammer spent his boyhood years in Bedford County, Pennsylvania, and acquired a substantial literary education. In carrying out his determination to become a doctor he began study under the preceptor-ship of Dr. J. W. Failing of Fremont, Ohio. He finally entered the Ohio Medical College at Cincinnati, where he was graduated M. D. with the class of 1880. Doctor Hammer was an exponent of the homeopathic school of medi cine. On leaving college he opened an office in Fremont, and conducted a successful general practice there until 1887. With maturing experience and more widely recognized skill, he sought a larger field at Toledo, and in that city he practiced with growing prestige for twenty years until his death. In 1880 Dr. Hammer married Miss Ella L. Grant, daughter of J. A. and Abigail (Cook) Grant of Fremont. Mrs. Hammer is still living in Toledo and for a number of years was closely associated with her husband in all his benevolent and charitable projects. Of the three children of their union the only survivor is Dr. Irving H. Hammer, one of the leading physician and surgeons of Northwest Ohio, and now occupying the office at 829 Broadway in Toledo which his honored father kept before his death. IRVING H. HAMMER, M. D. With a position of well won prominence in the field of medicine and surgery, Doctor Hammer has practiced in Toledo for a number of years, and was associated with his honored father, the late Dr. Abraham J. Hammer until the latter's death on April 5, 1912. The career of the elder Doctor Hammer is sketched on other pages. Born in Fremont, Ohio, September 9, 1882, Irving H. Hammer came to Toledo at the age of four years. His mother, Ella S. Hammer, is still living at the age of sixty years in Toledo. His early education was acquired in the Toledo schools, including the high school, in the Ohio Northern University at Ada, and he attended the University of Michigan and Hahnemann Medical College at Chicago. Returning to Toledo he took up active practice with his father, and still retains the offices at 829 Broadway where his father had his professional quarters for a number of years. Doctor Hammer was associated with his father as physician and surgeon to the Lucas County Hospital for three years. In 1901 Doctor Hammer became a member of the hospital corps of the Sixth Ohio Regiment, and was honorably discharged in 1902. In the latter year he became identified with Company G of the Second Ohio Regiment, and his honorable discharge from that body is dated in .1904. He is a member of the Homeopathic Medical Society of Toledo and the Toledo Academy of Medicine. His Masonic affiliations are Calumet Lodge No. 612 Free and Accepted Masons, Calumet Chapter No. 191 Royal Arch 1370 - HISTORY OF NORTHWEST OHIO Masons, Toledo Council Royal and Select Masters, St. Omar Commandery, No. 59, Knights Templar, Zenobia Temple of the Mystic Shrine, and Oton-To-La Grotto. Politically he is a republican and is a member of the Methodist Episcopal Church. On January 3, 1914, at Chicago Doctor Hammer married Elizabeth Schwartzkopf, a daughter of Jacob Schwartzkopf, who died at the age of fifty-eight, and Mrs. Emily Schwartzkopf, who is now sixty-one years of age. SIMON FOX. So important have the grape and fishing industries become on the group of fertile islands lying like gems in Lake Erie, east of Toledo and northwest of Sandusky, Ohio, that it may sometimes be forgotten that agriculture also flourishes here and it was as a farmer that the first of the Fox family came to Peelee Island. It was John Fox, the father of Simon Fox, who later became one of the important men of the entire group, the founder of numerous island enterprises and a man of high character and sterling worth. Simon Fox was born December 13, 1823, at Gosfield, County Essex, Ontario, and was the third son of John and Rachel (Stewart) Fox. John Fox and his wife were reared and married in Ontario and possibly were born there. Farming was his vocation. The Canadian winters are sometimes very severe and after three extremely cold seasons, in which his stock perished and his crops failed to mature, John Fox decided to seek a milder climate and with his family, about 1827, sailed to Peelee Island in Lake Erie. He found several other white families there and many Indians. The land was heavily timbered and the family had to endure many pioneer hardships and deprivations. Simon Fox knew no other home throughout life but these islands. He was four years old when his parents settled on Peelee and he grew up accustomed to the homely duties and lack of comforts that attend all frontier settlements but many were the interesting tales he could tell of those early times, later in life. He had practically no schooling, probably learning, as have other big men of the world, at his mother's knee. As soon as youth began to assert itself he was ready for hard work and soon became a courageous sailor and an expert fisherman. In the course of time he acquired a 'sloop rigged sailing vessel, named the Amherst, and established the first regular line on the lakes between Sandusky and Detroit, mak ing regular trips by way of Kelley Island, the Bass islands and Canadian points. Simon Fox followed the water more or less regularly until he came to Put-in-Bay, about 1850, when he entered the employ of J. D. Rivera, who had purchased South Bass, Middle Bass and all the other small islands in the immediate waters. For a considerable period Mr. Fox worked for Mr. Rivera, mainly in clearing off the timber, which was then cut into cord wood and sold to the large boats for fuel. He proved so efficient under all circumstances that Mr. Rivera made him his selling agent, very little of the land at that time having been purchased by settlers. Mr. Fox took charge of this business with characteristic earnestness and as fast as settlers came with sufficient capital, tracts were sold them. In 1852, with his brother Peter Fox, Simon Fox purchased about two thirds of North Bass Island. This island had been owned by Horace Kelley, who had previously disposed of two tracts, making up about one third of the total area of 696 acres, to men who were the very first settlers on North Bass. As Simon Fox was still employed at Put-in-Bay, his brother Peter moved to North Bass to take care of their interests there, and in 1861 Simon removed there also, with his family and it became his permanent residence. Peter Fox selected the southwest corner of the island for his homestead, while Simon chose over one hundred acres in the northeast corner with the intention of going into general farming and stock raising. About this time the cultivation of grapes as an industry was introduced in the Bass Islands, and the price of grape land advanced to such a substantial figure that Simon immediately sold all of his homestead but fifty-five acres, in small lots for vineyards, and then, in common with others, took up the cultivation of grapes and his, was the first acre of grape vines put out on the island. He increased until he had twenty acres more in vineyard. The rest of his farm he devoted to fruit growing and general farming. Mr. Fox also went into the fishing business, his first partner being a Mr. Axtell, and later he was in partnership with John Stone, who subsequently removed to Put-in-Bay Island, where he died. Mr. Fox was then associated in the fishery with Rudolph Siefield, who subsequently purchased the business. In all his transactions he was a man of his word and his judgment concerning business matters could be depended upon. HISTORY OF NORTHWEST OHIO - 1371 Simon Fox was married at Put-in-Bay, October 11, 1857, to Miss Elizabeth Sullivan, who was born at Williamsburg, County Dundas, Ontario, Canada, and died on North Bass September 5, 1903. She was a half sister of Philip Vroman, one of the early settlers of Put-in-Bay, who had come from a point on the St. Lawrence River, in New York. To this marriage the following children were born : Nannie, who was born at Put-in-Bay, July 15, 1858, married Rudolph Siefield, whose extended sketch will be found in this work ; Diantha Florence, who was born on North Bass Island January 13, 1864, and died November 20, 1875 ; Frank W., who was born on North Bass September 17, 1867, and Stewart A., who was born November 13, 1873. Simon Fox died November 16, 1902, one year before his brother Peter. The latter was born in Ontario, Canada, April 7, 1826, and after coming to North Bass Island remained here until his death on September 16, 1903. Two children survive him : Fred, who is in the real estate business at Toledo, and Mrs. Dr. Harvey, of Detroit, Michigan. Simon Fox in many ways occupied a very prominent place in early affairs in these islands and his name is still held in high esteem. In 1861 he erected the fine residence in which his son, Frank W. resides, it being the handsomest and most modern structure then in North Bass, having a particularly beautiful site, on the east side of the island near the water line of Lake Erie. He spent many happy years here. He was too broadminded a man not to be intensely interested in politics and was identified with the republican party all his life, but he sought no political honors serving merely from public spirit for many years on the school board. He belonged to the Masonic fraternity. In his two surviving sons, both able, honorable business men, this old pioneer has worthy representatives. FRANK W. Fox AND STEWART A. Fox. Considering the many natural advantages to be found on the little group of islands situated in Lake Erie, off the coast of Ohio, it is somewhat remarkable that they were left practically uninhabited, except by a few Indians, until as late as 1827, that being the year when John Fox and family located on Peelee Island. They were among the two or three white settlers and for many years the Indian population predominated, maintaining themselves by fishing and hunting through the heavy timber that then covered all this land. The pioneer to the islands, John Fox, was the grandfather of Frank W. and Stewart A. Fox, who control the largest fishing plant on North Bass Island and are otherwise prominent and substantial. Both were born on North Bass Island and are sons of Simon Fox, who was one of the most prominent men of this island and had much to do with the settlement and early development of the entire group. An extended sketch of Simon Fox will be found elsewhere in this work. Frank W. Fox was born September 17, 1867, in the old home in which he yet lives, never having removed from its accustomed comforts and conveniences. He was married to Miss Millicent Wardrow, of Sandusky, Ohio, and they have had three children : Inez, who is deceased, Simon and Clayton. Stewart A. Fox was born on the old homestead on- North Bass Island, November 13, 1873. He married Clara Gosser, of Sandusky, and they reside on a part of the old family farm. Both sons of Simon Fox were sent to school until well grounded in the fundamentals and then began to assist their father, who had numerous interests. They learned many practical lessons before they were very old, these including the best methods of conducting an island farm and the most profitable times, seasons and places to carry on their fishing enterprises. They proved so capable and reliable that their father willingly paid them the wages of men and they prospered, not through any favor, but on account of their industry and reliability. For a time they were sailors, as were the most of their companions, one time. or another. After serving as foremen of the fishing fleet for their father for a time they determined to go into business for themselves, but in an entirely different line. One of the enterprises they built up successfully was a business in fuel and building material and they transported their equipment and supplies by scow from Sandusky. The young men gradually succeeded to a number of their father's island interests. The farm and vineyard has been under their management for many years' and when their father retired from the fishing industry, they again entered this line and have developed a business of large volume. They own a complete equipment of twine, nets and boats and all, the other appurtenances necessary in the business and give steady employment to at least four men and their annual sales average 1372 - HISTORY OF NORTHWEST OHIO from $7,000 to $8,000. On February 20, 1911, they had the misfortune to lose their twine house and all its contents by fire. This happened just at a time when all of their winter repair work had been completed and their nets made all ready for setting. But men of their type are not easily discouraged and by May 1 following they had thirty new nets back in the lake and other repairs under way. In 1916, with five others, they organized the United Fisheries Company, of Sandusky, Ohio, with a capital of $25,000. Their practical experience has been a very helpful asset and prosperity has attended the company from the start. The young men have brought their farming land to a high state of cultivation and have increased the acreage of grapes to thirty-five acres. A few years ago, through slack business methods, the price of grapes fell below normal but since the organization of the Bass Islands Vineyard Company, of which the Fox brothers are stockholders, things have changed, this company being one of the largest producers of grape juice in Sandusky and the greatest factor in the maintenance of price for grapes. While not especially active in politics, the Fox brothers take an intelligent interest in all the concerns the islands, the state and the country. They vote the republican ticket and Frank W. is a member of the school board as formerly was Stewart A. They belong to the order of Maccabees. HENRY A. SCHLINGMAN. The builder of one of Toledo's great wholesale houses is the distinction that rests upon Henry A. Schlingman. He is now the active head of The American Plumbers Supply Company, which has well earned its place as one of the most aggressive and thoroughly equipped supply houses in the plumbing industry in the Central West. From the position of executive head of this corporation . one might trace Mr. Schlingman 's steps backward for fifty years and find him a humble boy clerk, proving his industry and faithfulness, in a Toledo grocery house. Mr. Schlingman takes a reasonable pride in the fact that he is a native of the Fatherland. He was born and educated there And while loyal to the institutions of the old country, he is intensely American and a better citizen Toledo has never had. He was born in Hanover, Germany, June 18, 1849, a son of William and Caroline (Breifing) Schlingman. His parents also came to the United States in 1869, locating in Toledo, where they spent the rest of their years. Henry A. Schlingman acquired his elementary education in his native land. He was fifteen when in 1864 he ventured alone from his paternal home and crossed the ocean to America. That was five years before his parents came to the New World. He was the oldest in a family of eight children, and probably had a sense of responsibility and a feeling that he should early get out and make his own way in the world. Mr. Schlingman has a brother and three sisters who are all living in Toledo. The first two years after he came to Toledo Mr. Schlingman was employed in the grocery house of Witker & Johnson. Then came other occupations for his busy mind and body, and by the time he reached manhood he was ready for independent responsibilities. In 1871 Mr. Schlingman became interested in the Toledo Pump Company. He was one of the active members of that organization until 1890. In that year he organized the American Pump Company, whose quarters were located at 518-520 South St. Clair Street. That was an industry which reflected his capable powers as an organizer and director, and he remained its active head for twelve years. He then sold his interests in that line and engaged in the plumbers' supply business, which under his management has been an enterprise of rapid growth and of enormous increase in trade and volume of assets. Those most closely acquainted with his business career say that the main factors in his success have been sound business judgment, natural ability and perseverance. The American Plumbers Supply Company of which he is now the head was organized by Mr. Schlingman, his wife and his son Maurice W. The firm has been located since 1909 at 616-622 Jackson Street, but they are now putting up a large wholesale house at the corner of Shephard & Canton streets. When this is completed it will be the largest and most complete wholesale establishment of its kind in Ohio. The business is exclusively wholesale and jobbing, and its trade connections with individual plumbers and plumbing supply houses reach all over the states of Michigan, Ohio and Indiana. Progressiveness is one of the main keynotes of the establishment. All new appliances in the plumbing field are tried out and when their worth is proved they are placed on the trade list of the American HISTORY OF NORTHWEST OHIO - 1373 Plumbers Supply Company and distributed to their patrons. Mr. Schlingman has long been well known in social and civic circles of Toledo. He is a member of Rubicon Lodge No. 144, Free and Accepted Masons, of all the Scottish Rite bodies, including the thirty-second degree. He is a republican in politics and has twice served as a member of the board of education. He is president the Home Building and Savings Company of Toledo. His home is at 2524 Scottwood Avenue. June 7, 1870, he married at Monroe, Michigan, Miss Katharine Simmons. Mrs. Schlingman was born and received her education in Monroe. They are the parents of four children : Mrs. George W. Edwards of Tulsa, Oklahoma ; Mrs. Carl A. Senf of Toledo; Maurice W., of Toledo ; and one son that died in infancy. All the children were born in Toledo and both daughters are graduates of the Toledo High School. WILLIAM O. HOLST. A native of Norway, but reared and educated in Toledo, William 0. Hoist was for a number of years a telegraph operator and railway man in that city, and for the past sixteen years has been in business for himself. He is now president and principal owner of The W. 0. Hoist Builders Supply Company, one of the largest concerns of its kind in Northwestern Ohio. The plant and offices are at 414-420 South Erie Street, and the company handles a general stock of building material, particularly sand, cement, stone, sewer pipe, roofing, etc. Faithfulness to the tasks committed to him, an unflagging industry and good business judgment have been factors in Mr. Hoist's success. He was born in Christiania, Norway, April 23; 1864, a son of Theodore and Hannah (Peterson) Hoist. The parents brought their family to America in 1869, landing in New York City, and going from there to Chicago, Illinois, where they lived a year before coming to Toledo. Theodore Hoist was a cabinet maker by trade. His skill in that art had brought him inducements to emigrate to America and work for the Illinois Central Railroad when that company began building the better class of railway coaches. After one year with the Illinois Central at Chicago Theodore Holst moved in 1870 to Toledo, and for thirty-nine consecutive years was employed at his trade in the shops of the Wabash Company of that city. He was one of the finest workmen in his line for many years and is now living retired at the age of seventy-eight. His wife has passed the fourscore mark. These worthy parents had four sturdy sons, all born in Christiania in Norway except the youngest, who is a native of Toledo. Conrad A., the oldest, is now a conductor on the Lake Shore & Michigan Southern Railway. Elmer T. is connected with F. W. James wholesale millinery house of Toledo: Edward C. is trainmaster for the Michigan Central Railway between Toledo and Detroit. William O. Hoist received his early education in Toledo public schools, and graduated from the Central .High School in 1883. His brothers were also educated in this city, but he is the only one who completed the high school course. While in high school he spent his spare hours mastering the art of telegraphy in the Wabash office. As soon as he left high school he was taken into the regular service of the company as telegraph operator, and remained in the Toledo offices for eight years. After that he spent another eight years in the transportation department of the Michigan Central Railway, and during the greater part of that time was yardmaster. When he. left the railroad in 1900 to engage in business for himself he located on South Erie Street, where his business headquarters have been ever since. He began dealing in builders' supplies and with the continued growth and prosperity of his establishment he incorporated in 1906 The W. 0. Hoist Builders Supply Company with a capital of $10,000. He owns practically all the stock and is treasurer and general manager. The vice president is C. H. Beins and the secretary is his son, R. W. Hoist. Besides supplying the local trade the company also does a jobbing business and keeps two men traveling over Southern Michigan and Northwestern Ohio contracting for the supply of sand, cement and sewer pipe. Mr. Hoist is also a director of The Ohio Builders Supply Association of Ohio. His name is also well known in public affairs at Toledo. He was a member of the city council from the Fifteenth Ward in 1897-98 and in the latter year was president of the council and as such opened the present city offices in the Valentine Building at the corner of St. Clair and Adams streets. In 18991900 he served as city clerk of Toledo. He is an independent republican. Mr. Hoist is a member of the Toledo Club, the Inverness Golf Club, the Toledo Yacht Club, the Maumee 1374 - HISTORY OF NORTHWEST OHIO River Yacht Club, 'the Rotary Club, the Transportation Club, the Toledo Automobile Club, the Toledo Commerce Club, is affiliated with Rubicon Lodge No. 144, Free and Accepted Masons, is a Knight Templar Mason and a member of Xenobia Temple of the Mystic Shrine, and also belongs to Toledo Lodge, Independent Order of Odd Fellows, to Toledo Lodge No. 53, Benevolent and Protective Order of Elks. He also belongs to the Slagle Resort Club. Mr. Hoist has always been an ardent lover of good horses, and finds his recreation in riding and driving, in yachting and in golf. At Toledo April 23, 1887, he married Miss Eva May 'Frisch. Their only living child is Raymond W., now secretary of The W. 0. Holst Builders Supply Company. The daughter Bessie died August 10, 1910, at the age of nineteen. PETER F. LONZ. A certain exclusive and select patronage has long known and appreciated the Lonz vintage of sour wines, representing all the distilled sunshine and flavor of Bass Island grapes. The processes of making these rare vintages have been evolved by the Lonz family and the output is now made by the firm of Peter F. Lonz & Son of Middle Bass Island. For fully forty years Peter F. Lonz has been a resident of Middle Bass Island. He came to the island on March 1, 1876. At that time he was nineteen years of age, having been born near Sandusky March 5, 1857. His father was named Peter Lonz. After coming to Middle Bass Jeter F. Lonz was employed five and a half years by Mr. Wehrle in the wine business and grape culture. With that experience he started out for himself, and in 1886 he began pressing grapes and manufacturing wine. From the first he paid more attention to quality than quantity, and the pure wine from his presses had a reputation that was recognized by the trade. Again and again he has had to increase his facilities and space, and the business was already one of considerable proportions when in 1912 his son George entered partnership with him. At that time the firm erected a complete new cellar. It was constructed entirely of brick, and is equipped throughout with the latest improved machinery, including elevators, waterworks and all the presses and storage facilities required for making and curing wines. At the present time the firm press about ten thousand gallons annually. Though this product is quite large, the Lonz wines are not found in the common centers of the wine trade, the product being entirely taken by an exclusive patronage, and even that the firm is unable to supply with all that is demanded. George Lonz now has the active executive management of the firm of Peter F. Lonz & Son, and since he took charge the business has quadrupled in extent. The firm operates forty-two acres of land, with twenty-five acres in vineyard, and besides pressing out all their own grapes they buy grapes from other growers. In 1915 they added another important improvement to their equipment in the shape of a fine brick barn. Mr. Peter F. Lonz is an active democrat and has taken a prominent part in local affairs. He is now serving on the school board, with which he has been connected for some .years and has filled the position of treasurer. He is a member of the Lodge and Encampment of the Independent Order of Odd Fellows. He was one of the original incorporators of the Bass Islands Vineyards Company of Sandusky. In 1882 he married Miss Margaret Siegrist, daughter of John Siegrist of Middle Bass Island. To their marriage have been born four children, of whom a son and daughter are now living. The daughter Louisa married William C. Krueger, who is an engraver by profession and is employed by one of the large printing houses in Chicago. Mr. and Mrs. Krueger have a daughter Henrietta. The two children dead are : Cora, who died at the age of 19 ; an infant who died unnamed. George Lonz after attending the public schools on Middle Bass Island and later at the Sandusky Business College, entered the Ohio Northern University at Ada, where he spe- cialized in chemistry and where he was graduated in 1910. He then entered the Government laboratories at Charlotteville, Virginia, and secured a broad and thorough technical knowledge of all the phases of wine making. This technical training has proved of great advantage to him in his business, and along with thorough knowledge he combined aggressive and progressive enterprise. He married Miss Fannie Macklen of Columbus, Ohio. One of the most prominent democrats of Ottawa County is Mr. George Lonz. He is still young, but has shown his forcefulness in party affairs in different ways: He is now serving his second term as township trustee. In 1914 he was a candidate for nomination for the State Legislature. His defeat was ac-