office in their gift. His parents John Scott, a lumber dealer and, foundryman, and Elizabeth W. Irwin Scott—were both natives of the Buckeye State. After obtaining a common school education, Mr. Robert L. Scott entered into business life as a laborer in a rolling mill. Later he worked for a number of years in a glass factory until he joined the police force of Steubenville. He was .such a splendid and dutiful officer, that the citizens, of Steubenville elected him to the office. of Marshal, after he had been a member of the force for a period of eight years, and had always made an enviable record. The position of Marshal he occupied for four years, and again manifested the same attention to duty that had made him the. best officer of the police force. During his incumbency of the office of Marshal, the lawless element gave Steubenville a wide berth, for it became known that the Marshal was not to be trifled with, and: that swift justice followed all malefactors who tried to operate in that community. March, 1903, Mr. Scott was nominated on the Republican ticket: for the office of Mayor. of Steubenville, and was elected by an overwhelming majority in the election of April following. He: has always been a faithful Republican. Socially, Mr. Scott is a member of the K. of P. In 1890 Miss Mary Griesinger, of Steubenville, became his wife. By the union he is. the father of two boys, John J. and Robert Scott. Louis Seybold, A representative citizen of Akron, Ohio, and. publisher of the Akron "Germania," a tri-weekly and Weekly German newspaper of wide circulation in Summit County and the northeastern part of Ohio, was born on the 22d of September, 1856, in Hohenschwangau, that romantic spot in the Bavarian Alps which has for centuries been the favorite retreat of the popular rulers of that country. He received-his education principally in the Stiabian College town of Ellwangen, after which, and just before he was called upon to swear loyalty to the German flag and Emperor 'William I, he emigrated to the United States and settled in Akron, Ohio, in 1875, where he has resided ever since. He became a citizen of his adopted country in 1877. Two years later, in 1879, Mr. Seybold assumed the editorial managethent of the Akron "Germania," and has, with but few shbri interruptions, been editor of said paper ever since, acquiring in the meantime the controlling interest of this pub. lication. His energy and ability have. Succeeded in bringing forward the Akron "Germania" as one of the first and most influential German papers in Ohio, and Mr. Seybold himself is personally and. favorably known among the people of his nationality throughout., the State as one of their most fearless and forceble representatives. James D. Smith, The late Secretary and Treasurer of the J. D. Smith Foundry Supply Company, 40 South Water Street, Cleveland, Ohio, was a man well and favorably known in the whole State, especially in the two largest cities of Ohio. Mr. Smith was a Cincinnati product, - 600 - born September 5th, 1858, the son of Sanford D. Smith, a printer, and a native of Pennsylvania. Mr. Smith received his education in the public and High Schools of Cincinnati, but owing to the fact that he decided to enter into a business career, he never took a collegiate course. After learning the printing business by serving a long apprenticeship, at the age of 21 he abandoned that trade and became identified with the Fitzmorris & Smith Foundry Facing Supply Company, of Cincinnati. This company was later reorganized as the J. D. Smith Foundry Facings and Supply Company. In 1899 the firm was united with the Cleveland Facing Mill, of which F. H. Chamberlin was the head, the firm name changing to The J. D. Smith Foundry Supply Company. In 1901 Mr. Smith was compelled by business interests to make Cleveland his permanent home, his company being located in that city, and he remained there until the time of his death, which occurred on the 20th of April, 1904. All his life he had been a staunch Republican, and in 1894 was elected a member of the Board of Education in Cincinnati, and re-elected to that position in 1897. He was a thirty-second-degree Mason, and a Noble of the Mystic Shrine. Mr. Smith leaves a widow, formerly Anna Gorman, to whom he was married on the 20th day of February, 1881. He was the father of five children, four sons and one daughter, of whom. Pierce. G., James S. and Roger survive. Mr. Smith was a very popular man, beloved by his friends and those he employed. Upon his deathbed he expressed the desire that his remains be cremated at the Cincinnati Crematory, which wish was fulfilled after the funeral exercises at the Cincinnati Scottish Rite Cathedral, under the auspices of the Masonic bodies. A large body. of sorrowing friends participated in the last sad rites. John L. Shuff, One of the best known and most successful insurance men. in the State of Ohio, is a native of the Blue Grass State, being born May 21st, 1863, in Bourbon County, the son of native Virginians:. Mr. Shuff was raised on his father's farm in Kentucky, his parents having removed to that State lion): Virginia. In the public schools of Bourbon Comity, Mr. Shuff received his early education, starting at the age of - 601 - nineteen in active life, accepting a position in a Kentucky railroad company's local agency. After leaving the employment of the railroad company, he became connected with insurance interests, for which business he displayed an unusual aptitude. His success has been marked, and has attracted the attention of some of the leading insurance people in the State and country. For a number of years Mr. Shuff has been connected with the Home Life Insurance Company at Cincinnati, Ohio. In political belief, he is a Democrat of pronounced views, and has taken part in many campaigns; in the capacity of member of different Executive Committees. Mr. Shuff is a public spirited man, who has the interests of the community he lives in at heart. He always was prominently identified with the Cincinnati Fall Festivals, and for two years had charge of the Flower Parades of those festivals, which gained a National reputation for their splendor. He is a member of the Board of, Directors of the Provident Trust Company, one of the leading financial institutions of Cincinnati, of the Fall Festival Association, the Avondale Club and other social and commercial bodies. George M. Verity, President and Treasurer of the American Rolling Mill Company, of Middletown, Ohio, was born on the 22d of April, 1865, at North Lewisburgh, this State. He is the son of Rev. Jonathan Verity and Mary Deaton Verity, both of whom were natives of Ohio. Mr. Verity's grandfather was an early settler of this country, and came from England. He has seven sons, the youngest of whom was the father of George W. Verity. Receiving his early education principally in the Cincinnati public schools and Woodward High School, Mr. Verity later attended the Georgetown High School, Brown County, and graduated from that institution. His first active position in life was filled by him at the age of twenty, When lie was employed as bookkeeper in the wholesale and retail grocery of Mr. W. C. Standish, his father-in-law, at 84 East Pearl Street, Cincinnati. In a short time his abilities were appreciated, and he became manager of the btisiness. Later Mr. Verity became connected with the American Steel Roofing Company, of Cincinnati, acting as Vice President and Treasurer of the concern, until its merging with the American Rolling Mill Company, located at Middletown, with which corporation Mr. Verity is now, as mentioned above, President and Treasurer. For many years he has taken 'an active part in the development and progress of the city. of Cincinnati, and Was a director for three years and President one year Of the Business Men's Club of that city, as well as a member of the Chamber of Commerce, one of the most important and influential commercial bodies in the United States. He is a member of long standing in the Masonic fraternity. Mr. Verity is a married man, his wife being formerly. Miss Jennie M. Standish, of Newport, Kentucky, and he is the father of three children by that union; - 602 - as follows : Calvin W., Leah May and Sarah Genevra Verity. He resides with his family in Middletown, Ohio. W. H. Wagner, Manufacturer of herb medicines at Portsmouth, Ohio, was born on the 6th of April, 1830, in the city of Philadelphia, Pennsylvania. His father, Jacob Wagner, was a native of Germany, who had emigrated when a little boy, and afterwards became engaged in the ice business in Philadelphia. Mr. Wagner was educated in the public and High Schools of his home city, at the famous Stephen Garrard College of the Quaker City, and at Duff's College, in the city of Pittsburg. After Mr. Wagner left school he worked on the steamboat "Moderator" for two years, and then entered the Baldwin Locomotive Works at Philadelphia, where he learned the machinist's trade, continuing there until 1851, when he entered the service of the Pennsylvania Railroad as fireman. This position he held until 1855. In January of that year he enlisted in Company. D of the Second United States Cavalry, remaining in the United States army for a period of five years. During this time he saw much active service on the frontier, and participated in many of the Indian battles. In the spring of 1856 he was captured by the Sioux and was kept in captivity for two years and eight months. His capture was effected with forty others, twenty-eight of whom were immediately killed, and eight of the twelve remaining were tortured to death. On account of Wagner's tremendous strength, the Indians took a liking to him and spared his life. While he remained in captivity the secret formulas which the Indians used for making their medicine were explained to him. Captain Wagner was released from captivity when the treaties between the United States and the Sioux Nation was effected. Regaining his regiment, he again took up his military duties, and in January, 186o, he was honorably dischargel from service. In 1861 he accepted a position as engineer on the Tennessee Railway, but relinquished the same to again follow the flag of the Union. On the 2d of April, 1861, he enlisted in Company B of the Fifth Tennessee Infantry for three months, and later enlisted in the Sixth Tennessee, where he remained for two years. This regiment served principally in the Shenandoah Valley, and Wagner took part in all its engagements. He was wounded in battle not less than seven times, and was honorably discharged on account of these wounds in October, 1864. He then went to Huntington, West Virginia, to recover his health, after which he became a railroad engineer. While not able to serve his country by reason of his many wounds, he still retained a love for military life, and for a time served as Captain of the State militia of West Virginia. From 1864 to 1879 Captain Wagner remained in the employ of the Pennsylvania Railroad, and from 1879 to 1884 served as engineer on the C. & 0. In the latter - 603 - year he accepted a position as Master Mechanic with the Cuba Central Railroad, remaining in the Pearl of the Antilles until 1898, when the Maine was blown up in the harbor of Havana. Returning to the United States at the outbreak of the Spanish-American War, Captain Wagner located for a short time in Charleston and Huntington, West Virginia, and in 1899 he came to Portsmouth, Ohio, where he became engaged in the manufacture of herb medicines. The. Captain was married in 186o to Miss Sarah Pheasant. He has one son, Harry, who is Colonel of the Second United States Infantry, Regular Army, stationed in. the Philippines.. Mr. Wagner is a member of the G. A. R., a Mason, Shriner, K. of P., and Golden Eagle, and resides at No. 48 North Sixth Street, Portsmouth, Ohio. George P. Waldorf, Has been a citizen of Toledo for the past fourteen years. Lima, Ohio, was his residence prior to his coming to this city. He was born in Brookfield, Trumbull County, Ohio, on the 20th of December, 1849. He received a High School education, and prepared for college at Phillips' Academy, at Exeter, New Hampshire, hut owing to ill health he was unable to complete a college course. In 1872 he was united in marriage with Mary Reed Holmes, of Lima, Ohio, and has two children—a daughter, Kate, wife of Karl T. Kirk, of Toledo, Ohio, and a son, Burton Holmes Waldorf, who is in business in Toledo. Five years ago he lost his first wife, and in February, 1901, was united in marriage with Mrs. Viella H. Porter, of Lima, Ohio, who was the widowed .sister of his first wife. Colonel Waldorf is thoroughly identified with Toledo, owning a business property upon Summit Street, and has erected a residence upon the corner of Lincoln Avenue and, Grove Place. He went into business for himself in 1874 at Lima, Ohio, conducting a book and stationery store, in which business he was engaged for ten years. In 1884 the Lima oil field was discovered, and he was interested in the first oil well drilled in the new field. He became actively engaged in the oil business, and continued in the same for about six years. He was one of the directors, the Secretary, General Manager and Treasurer of The Trenton Rock Oil Company, which was the largest factor in the experimental stage of the Lima field, that company having drilled some fifty test wells. He has been engaged more or less in the oil business ever since. He is the -President of the Standard Copper Mining Company of Wyoming, which owns a valuable group of copper claims in the Encampment (Wyoming) copper field. Colonel Waldorf has always been an enthusiastic Republican, and has become prominent in the political history of the State. He enjoyed the friendship and confidence of John Sherman, and was one of Senator Hanna's closest friends. Besides being a consistent and faithful Republican, he has always borne the reputation of being thoroughly loyal to his friends. In 1888 he was elected a delegate to the National Republican Convention from the - 604 - Fourth District of Ohio. He has never been a candidate for an elective office. In 1874 he was appointed Postmaster at Lima, Ohio, by President Hayes, which position he filled for nine years. He served during the whole of Senator Foraker's incumbency as Governor, upon his military staff. In 1889 he was appointed Collector of Internal Revenue by President Harrison, which position he held for four years. In 1898 he was again .appointed Collector of Internal Revenue by President McKinley, which position he now holds. Colonel Waldorf is a member of the Collingwood Avenue Presbyterian Church. He belongs to the Masonic fraternity, and is a public spirited citizen and an enthusiastic believer in the future greatness of Toledo. W. A. Weaver, Mayor of the flourishing town of East Liverpool, Ohio, the Crockery City, is what may be truthfully called a resourceful person and also a man of tact. He believes that in his capacity as Mayor he has certain public duties to perform and certain public obligations to fulfill, with the discharge of which his personal feelings, habits and practices have nothing to do; that he is the Mayor of all the people, and not of the particular party to which he owes his election. This is sound doctrine, and it would be a good thing if all Mayors practiced it. In Mayor Weaver's case the doctrine was put to a hard strain not long since, when he was called upon to deliver an address of welcome to the members of the Ohio State Liquor League, holding its annual convention in East Liverpool. For Mayor Weaver is a Prohibitionist in precept and practice, and was elected to his present office on a cold-water platform, being the only Prohibition Mayor in Ohio. Here was a situation, but Mayor Weaver proved himself equal to it. He acknowledged the presence of the convention in courteous language, but in which there was no mise of his own principles. His remarks were based on the idea that the league was a body of business men assembled for the purpose of furthering their cause from a lawful standpoint; and he indicated that so long as men congregated in the city for that purpose they should be extended a welcome. Mayor Weaver is a self-made man, a native of Dayton, Ohio, and was in his early years a railroad newsboy. Later he became a brakeman and. after that a conductor. He saved enough money in about ten years to set himself up in the wholesale and retail confectionery business in East Liverpool, which he has followed with success. East Liverpool usually gives a Republican majority of from 3,000 to 3,600, and the Prohibition party has a total enrollment in the city of less than three hundred voters. It is evident, therefore, that Mayor Weaver's election was a personal rather than a political triumph, a public and not a partisan tribute to his ability and character as an individual. This manner of recognition of one's merits by his fellow citizens must be peculiarly grateful to any candidate, and must strengthen his desire to be a good official. - 605 - James H. Williams, Mayor of the city of Middleport, Ohio, was born on the 28th day of September, 1862; at Newark, Ohio. He is the son of John P. Williams and Susan H. Williams. His father, a mechanical engineer and draughtsman, was a native of France, and during the reign of Emperor Napoleon III he was compelled to flee that country in the year of 1846, owing to his political expressions and convictions. His mother came from a_ family of noted jewelers of Berne, Switzerland. Young Williams obtained the first rudiments of his education in the public schools of Middleport, after which he attended the High School of that city, and finally entered Nelson's Business College, at Cincinnati, for a year's course. Mr. Williams has been engaged in the manufacture of marine boilers, tanks and sheet iron work for a number of years. He is a Republican in politics having faithfully served his party in many capacities. He was a member of the Meigs County Republican Central Committee for ten years. In April of the year of 1898 Mr. Williams was elected Mayor of Middleport on an independent ticket. How well his efforts in the interest of the people were appreciated by the citizens of Middleport is proved by the re-election of Mr. Williams to the office of Mayor in the years of 190o, 1902 and again in 1903, under the new municipal code. Excepting the year of 1898, when he was elected on the independent ticket, he has every time since been renominated by a Republican primary popular vote. Mayor Williams, socially, is connected with Fides Lodge, No. 523, K. of P.; U. R:, No. 118; K. of P. ; Star Lodge, No. 398, I. O. O. F.; Middleport Camp, No. 6335, Modern Woodmen ; Gallipolis Lodge, No. 107, B. P. O. E.; Pomeroy Tribe, No. 25, O. R. M. ; Middleport Aerie, No. 741. F. O. E., and is still single and of the Methodist faith. Edmund H. Zurhorst, Of Sandusky, Ohio, is one Of the best known citizens in Northern Ohio. He is a self-made man: in the best sense of the word. Depending upon his own resources, looking for no outside aid or support, Mr. Zurhorst has ..risen from comparative obscurity to a place of prominence both in.the industrial and political - 606 - circles of the State of Ohio, where he has retained his residence from early childhood. The city of Sandusky owes much to him on account of his connection with her business interests, and is indebted to him for much he has done in her behalf, as an alert and public spirited citizen. A. native of the beautiful old city of Montreal, Canada, Mr. Zurhorst was born on the 18th of June, 1845. His father, William H. Zurhorst, was a native of. London, England, where he remained until middle life and then came to America, taking up his abode in Montreal, and latei-, in 1849, in Sandusky. In that city he became engaged in the manufacturing of upholstered goods. His son, Edmund H. Zurhorst, o'btained his education in the public schools of Sandusky, but had to abandon' his studies in: the High .Sehool in order to assume the stern responsibilities of life, while yet a mere boy. At the age of fourteen years he adopted a seafaring life, securing employment on boats plying the Great Lakes. One year later he shipped before the mast and crossed the ocean. When he had attained the age of nineteen, during the Civil War, he enlisted in the United States navy, and did constant duty in the cause of his country. Acting as a seaman for a time, he was afterwards .detailed as surgeon's steward. After the close of the war Mr. Zurhorst returned to the Great Lakes, and eventually he built and became manager, owner and operator of two steamers which he utilized in traffic on the lakes. Prosperity seemed to attend his efforts from the start, and in time he began to, secure recognition as one of the able and progressive business men of Sandusky. He became interested to a large extent in the Marblehead Lime Company, one of the most extensive concerns of its kind in the Union. He disposed of his interests in it in 1887. Mr. Zurhorst was also one of the chief promoters of the Sandusky & Columbus Shortline Railroad, and of the original construction company organized for the purpose of building this road he was not only a member and director, but also served as Secretary. For some time he was also Secretary of the original railroad company, and general agent of its successor, the Columbus, Sandusky & Hocking Railroad. Mr. Zurhorst also held many other capitalistic interests in numerous financial, industrial and railroad enterprises. As a citizen, Mr. Zurhorst has been public spirited to a pronounced degree. He has been an indefatigable promoter of public improvements, and it may be said that to him more than to any other was due the projection and completion of the Sandusky & Columbus Shortline Railroad, now the P. R. R. In this connection he made many personal sacrifices in order that the city might reap the advantages to be gained through the medium Of this now important avenue of commerce. A stalwart supporter of the principles and policies advanced by the Republican party, Mr. Zurhorst has long been recognized as one of 'the most active and effective, workers in the party cause, ever loyal to his friends, and is known as a warm personal friend an d admirer of the late Senator Hanna. As an opponent he is fair, open and outspoken ; as a politician he is shrewd, able and aggressive. Prior to his position as Collector of Customs at the port of Sandusky, he was Assistant United States Weigher in the New York Custom House, under the administration of President Arthur, and Deputy Collector of Internal Revenue for the Tenth District of Ohio at a later date. He also served his party as delegate to important conventions and as Chairman of the Republican County Central Committee. Socially, Mr. Zurhorst is a thirty-second-degree Mascin (Scottish Rite), a member of all the bodies of the York Rite up to and including the Commandery of Knights Templar ; a Noble of the Mystic Shrine, and an Elk. On the 23d of September, 1874, Mr. Zurhorst was married to Miss Hattie W. Keech, daughter of C. C. Keech, who 'was One of the pioneers and prominent business men of Sandusky. She entered into eternal rest on the 29th of January, 1890, leaving three children. One son, William K. Zurhorst, died on the 28th Of October, 1902, from disabilities contracted as a meinber. of Company B, Sixth O. V. I., in Cuba during the Spanish-American - 607 - War. In the spring of1904 Mr. Zurhorst resigned his position as Collector of Customs and retired into private life, to give necessary attention to his business affairs. Otto Armleder, President of the O. Armleder Company, carriages and wagons, Cincinnati, Ohio, is a native of: the:Oueen City, and one of her most popular and successful young business men. Mr. Armleder is a self-made man in the best and truest sense of' the word. He comes from good German stock, his father, Mr. John Armleder, having left the Fatherland and his home city, Rothweiler, the end of the forties, and emigrated to the United States, where he settled in Cincinnati. Young Armleder acquired a good education in the public schools of Cincinnati and some higher private schools, and entered at the age of seventeen into his business career and established a beer bottling business. He was, and very successfully, engaged in this enterprise for three years, when he became connected—with the Central Carriage and Wagon Company, which several years later developed into the firm of O. Armleder & Co. In 1894 the business was incorporated. and changed into a stock company, with Mr. O. Armleder as President, a position he has held ever since. Under his careful management the business has grown into one of the largest establishments of its kind in the Central States, and they sell their products all over the world. Their offices and factories are located at Twelfth and Plum Streets, where they occupy tremendous quarters If under one roof. At the Chicago World's Fair, .Mr. Armleder received. three golden medals on his superior exhibit of carriages and wagons. He is a progressive and .enterprising business man, who stands high in the esteem of his fellow citizens and the business men of the country. He is a member of the Business Men's Club, Cuvier Club, Cincinnati. Gun Club, Carriage Makers' Club, the Cincinnati Fall Festival Association (President in 1903), Order of the Itan-nic-nic, and an Elk. Sloane Gordon, Is a resident of Hamilton, Butler County, Ohio,, and the President of. The Sun Publishing Company, and editor of "The Hamilton Evening Sun," the official newspaper of the Democratic party in that famous Democratic county. Mr. Gordon is well known throughput Ohio as a political writer and newspaper "man, He was for six or seven years employed as a political writer and general reporter on the Cincinnati Enquirer, and while with that paper acquired considerable prominence as one of the few correspondents who made the Presidential campaign tour of 19oo with William Jennings Bryan. Subsequent to his employment on the Enquirer, Mr. Gordon was political editor of the Rocky Mountain News, of Denver, for about one year. Later he filled a reportorial position with the - 608 - Cincinnati Commercial Tribune. He, in 1894 and 1895, was editor of the Evening Democrat in Hamilton, and afterwards lessee and editor of. the Signal, in Middletown. After leaving the Commercial Tribune in 1902, Mr. Gordon organized a company, and established "The Hamilton Evening Sun" in his old home town. This paper has enjoyed phenomenal success, and has risen to the position of one of the leading Democratic papers of Ohio. Mr. Gordon is thirty-four years of age, having been born in Foster's Crossing, Warren County, Ohio, in March, 1871. His father was James S. Gordon. for many years prominent in the newspaper world as a correspondent for the Cincinnati Enquirer, the New York World, and other leading publications. He wrote under the vom de plume of "Ithuriel.", George W. Smith, Proprietor of the well-known Smith's Academies of Dancing, at Columbus, Ohio, is an artist of recognized ability in his profession. He was born in the year of 1860, at Syracuse, New York, and is the son of John Smith, a well-known business man of that city and a native of Pennsylvania. When nine years of age, Mr. George W. Smith came with his family to Columbus and was given a good education in the grammar and High Schools of the Capital City. Early in life acquiring a love fof the art to which he has devoted his life, he studied his profession under E. Woodward Masters, of Boston ; H. L. Brann, of Pittsburg ; H. N. Grant, of Buffalo, and S. P. Tilley, Columbus, Ohio, all of whom were masters in the terpsichorean art. After having finished his studies, he accepted an engagement as a teacher, and followed his profession in that capacity for a period of five years. At the termination of this time, having gained a splendid reputation, he decided to enter into business under his own name in Columbus, and opened up his first academy. His success was assured from the start, arid the first year saw 750 students enrolled upon his books. These, students were a nucleus of the ever-growing fame of his institution; and finding it impossible to accommodate his increased. business, he, in the course of time, opened two: additional academies and a summer park with. dancing pavilion for private students. The number of pupils - 609 - taught by him and his seven assistants aggregated over 2,200 students. At his different institutions all the modern,..fancy and society dances are taught, as well as deportment and physical culture. He alsO makes aspecialty of training for the stage. Since the commencement of his career he has had under his direction over 22,000 students. He is still a close student in his profession, and believes in progress. Mr. Smith has for over eight years been connected with the State militia, and:was a member of Company A of the Fourteenth Regiment, O. N. G., as well as an officer in, the Eighth Regiment. During his time of service he participated in the suppression of the famous Cincinnati riot. Socially, Mr. Smith is a member of the K. of P., the Elks, the Masonic fraternity, and is a, Member and Secretary of the American National Association of Masters of Dancing. His academies are located at corners of Gay and High Streets, Fourth and Long Streets, and High Street and Euclid Avenue. His main office is to be found corner of Gay and High Streets, Columbus, Ohio. HiS park is located at North Fourth Street and Northwood Avenue, Colunibus; Mr. Smith has just completed an elegant pavilion at Lakeside Park, Dayton, Ohio. He is also Secretary of The Evansl.AutomObile. Company, of Columbus, Ohio. John Angell Bott, Manager of a ball-room culture school in Cleveland, Ohio, is one of the best-known citizens of the Forest, City. He is a native of Ohio, being born in Wharton, Wyandotte County, Ohio, on the 9th of February, 1866. His parents, well-to-do farmers, came from Pennsylvania. The original family name was von .Butte, but was changed to Bott about two hundred years ago, when the ancestors of Mr. J. A. Bott arrived in this country. Mr. Bott received his education in the public schools of Tiffin, Ohio, and Heidelberg College, of that city. After his graduation Mr. Bott started into public life as a telegraph operator. Sixteen years ago, while still. connected With the Postal Telegraph Company, he began. a study of the conditions of social etiquette in the American ball-room. That some marked changes were necessary in the old imported methods of imparting this art to the people; became apparent to Mr. Bott. With "American dances for American people" as his motto, he Studied with celebrated masters in this country and abroad, after which the "Bott System of Balroom Culture" was.written. The mystifying methods of years gone by have been eliminated. His home academy, at No. 414 Pearl. Street, Cleveland, is patronized by the elite of Cleveland the year around. A very elegant residence academy was erected last year at No. 2625 Gilbert AVenue, Cincinnati, where Mr. James L. Bott, a brother of the above gentleman, is installed as: manager: Mr. Bott is.the originator of several dances, chief among them the "Angell" and a "Dip .Schottische," and the author of many new ball-room evolutions. His authority on dancing is quoted nationally. Mr. Bott is a member of. the Mystic Shrine, F. & A. M. (thirty-second degree), the Cleveland - 610 - Automobile Club and the Tippecanoe Club. His residence is located at No. 414 Pearl Street. Cleveland, Ohio. JOSEPH D. KUENY, The city of Cincinnati is justly celebrated by reason of the magnificent cafes within its environs. It is questionable if in any other city in the United States, of the size of the Queen City, can be found similar places as sumptuously furnished, as artistic in design and. as expensive in erection, as the palatial resorts located here. Among them all, the one which every stranger who visits the city should make it a point to visit, is the Majestic Cafe, owned, designed and directed by Mr. Joseph D. Kueny. Mr. Kueny has had. a lifelong experience as a caterer, and is an authority on all matters pertaining to the epicurean art. For many years he was the chef of the celebrated Stag Hotel, and, in the spring of Two, took charge, in connection with Mr. Baylis, of the club-house in the magnificent Cincinnati Zoological Gardens, which soon became famous on account of its excellent cuisine. After the death of Mr. Baylis, Mr. Kueny became sole proprietor, and he directed the affairs of that club-house until he opened the magnificent Majestic, situated in the very heart of the city, at No 524 Vine Street. The opening of this place marked an epoch in the restaurant and cafe business of Cincinnati. From the opening day, the Majestic has had a remarkable success. Its. dining-rooms are finished in the most expensive style, and the appointments are complete in every detail. Mr. Kueny is a son of Alsace-Loraine, where he received his early education. Later, removing to the metropolis of France, he was instructed in his art by the world-renowned chefs of that famous city of epicures. Mr. Kueny is extremely popular, and is well known in fraternal and social organizations. Leonard J. Sweet, of Elyria, Ohio, conductor of Sweet's Orchestra, is a musician well known in the Western Reserve of Ohio. He is a native of Ohio, born, bred and educated in the Buckeye State. When a boy, Mr. Sweet developed a talent for music, which influenced his parents to give their son the advantages of a good musical education. He therefore was instructed - 611 - by the best teachers obtainable. After finishing his studies, Mr. Sweet became engaged in the practice of his chosen profession, playing and teaching. He is now the conductor of Sweet's Orchestra, a musical organization which is well liked and in great demand in Lorain County. Mr. Sweet is also the owne r of two extensive music stores, located in Elyria and Oberlin, Ohio. He is a musician of high attainments, a splendid conductor, and, personally, a man of affable manners and good common sense. He is the composer of a number of marches, etc. Mr. Sweet is married, and lives with his family in Elyria, Ohio. William Clyde McCracken, Chief Engineer and Superintendent of Buildings at the Ohio State University, at Columbus, Ohio, was born on the 18th of March, 1863, near Lodi, Medina County, Ohio. He is the son of William McCracken, a farmer and a native of Pennsylvania, and Rebecca Reed McCracken, a native of Ohio. The McCrackens came originally from the north of Ireland, near Belfast. William McCracken, his father, enlisted in the Union army at the breaking out of the Civil War, and was regimental teamster of Company D, One Hundred and Twentieth Ohio Volunteer Infantry. He died at Youngspoint, Louisiana, in 1863. Mr. William C. McCracken was raised and educated at the Ohio Soldiers' and Sailors' Orphans' Home at Xenia, Ohio, and at the age of seventeen years he started out in the world to make his own living. He filled the position Of fireman and assistant engineer at the institution in which he was educated. Upon leaving the institution permanently, he worked as fireman on the Wheeling & Lake Erie Railroad and later in the tank service of the New York, Pennsylvania & Ohio Railroad. For many years he has occupied the responsible position of Chief Engineer and Superintendent of Buildings at the Ohio State University, and has charge of the department of heat, power and light, as well as superintendent of the janitor and night watchmen. service. In politics, Mr. McCracken is ,a Republican. On the 8th of October, 1885, he was united in marriage to Miss Caroline Street. One daughter, Martha McCracken, is the issue of their union. Mr. McCracken is a member and President of the Board of Trustees of the North Congregational Church of Columbus, Ohio. He is a m ember of the Engineers' Club, of Columbus, the National Association of Stationary Engineers, and the Ohio Society of Mechanical, Electrical and Steam Engineers. Joseph E. McCarter, Formerly the Chief Executive of the city of Middletown,, Ohio, was born on the 26th of August, 1873, in Maryland. His father was a well-known manufacturer of paper, and was identified in the paper interests of his State. Mr. McCarter received his early education in the public schools of Maryland and, when seventeen years of age he moved from that State, - 612 - together with his father, came to Middletown and accepted a position with the TytusGardner Paper Manufacturing Company, where he remained for a number of years. For many years Mr. McCarter has been interested in the political affairs of the community in which he resides, and has served the people in different capacitieS. For one term he was a member of the City Council of Middletown, where he made an enviable record for probity, executive ability and aggressiveness. Recognizing the worth of Mr. McCarter, his -name was presented to the people for the highest municipal honor in their gift, and he was elected Mayor of the city in 1901. He served one term with distinction, at the expiration of which he retired from office. Socially, Mr. McCarter is a Mason and .a Forester. He resides at Middletown, Ohio. Charles H. Thompson, Supervisor of Music in the public schools of Toledo, Ohio, and choirmaster in the celebrated Trinity Church of that city, is an Englishman by birth, having been born in the city of Leeds, Yorkshire, England, in 1848. His education was received in the St. Peter's and Leeds grammar schools, where he was under the tutelage of Dr. Barry; celebrated in after years as the Lord Bishop of Capetown. In his early youth he displayed an unusual talent for music and was solo chorister at the Leeds Parish Church, where he attracted the attention of the music-loving people of his home city. His first musical training was obtained under R. S. Burton and Rev. Dr. Dykes, afterwards studying under Mme. Sarah Dobson and Lady Lennox. In the fall of 1872, Mr. Thompson came to the United States, where he was married two years later to Miss Emma Wilson, daughter of George Wilson, a resident of Toledo. At this time Mr. Thompson was choirmaster of St. Paul's Church in-Detroit. Acting under the advice of the late Theodore Thomas, he removed from that city, settling in Boston, and in that musical center he prepared himself for the operatic stage. There his career as an opera singer commenced, and for one year he was the leading tenor in the Boston Opera Company. In 1877 he removed to New York City, accepting the position of tenor soloist in the Church of the Ascension, a magnificent' edifice on Fifth Avenue and Tenth Street. In the fall of the following year Mr. Thompson was engaged as tenor for the choir of the Lafayette Avenue Presbyterian Church, Brooklyn, New York, resigning from that position in 1886, when he became one of the leading tenors in the American National Opera Company, under the direction of Theodore Thomas. Associated with him in that well-known organization of musical artists were Mme. Fursch-Madi, Emma Yuch, Max Heinrich, Myron Whitney, and others of equal fame. Mr. Thompson sang parts in Antonin Dvorak's "Spectre Bride" and "Stabat Mater," appearing in Providence, Rhode Island, and New York City ; also in "Mors et Vita" and "Redemption" of Gounod, in Philadelphia, Montreal and Toronto. For many years he took part in the Eastern Festival Circuit, and became famous as an oratorio tenor, singing under Thomas, Zerrahn and Dr. Leopold Damrosch. On the 26th of December, 1883, he made his debut in the New York Academy of Music with the New York Oratorio Society, under Dr. Damrosch, in Handl's "Messiah," in company with Mme. Trebelli and Max Heinrich. From 1888 to 1892 Mr. Thompson was choirmaster of St. John's P. E. Church in Brooklyn, New York. During the years 1892 and 1893 he was solo tenor in Trinity Chapel, New York City. From the latter date up to the 1st of January, 1897, he was choirmaster of St. Michael and All Angels Church in Baltimore, Maryland. Then being called to Toledo, he accepted the position as choirmaster in Trinity Church. On the 13th of June, 1898, he was appointed Superintendent of Music in the public schools of the same city, a position which he haS most ably filled, and in which his long training and experience were of incalculable value. Besides - 613 - occupying this position, he also is engaged in teaching, and in that field of work has gained a splendid reputation for efficiency. He has followed the profession of teaching since 1886, and under his able direction the most splendid results have followed. During the time of-his stay in the city of Tole.do he has taken an active part in all the musical affairs of his community. His residence ,and studios are located at No. 1914 East Norwood Street, Toledo, Ohio. Otto Luedeking, The leading haberdasher of Cincinnati, a man of most original ideas and one who has made his name synonymous for all that is fashionable and up-to-date in gentlemen's furnishings in this part of Ohio, is a native of Germany, being born in Detmold, in the year of 1864, the son of Friedrich Luedeking, a teacher. When but fourteen years of age, Mr. Luedeking emigrated to America, settling in the city of Cincinnati, -where he finally drifted into the business in which he has made a marked success. He first opened a small place on Vine Street, which he kept for a number of years, daily increasing his business until he was compelled to open other stores. His places of business, located at 1207 Vine Street, corner of Sixth and Vine Streets, and 507 Vine Street, Cincinnati, are all splendid examples of the -haberdasher's art. In his stores can be found the finest products of the great furniShing houses of this country and Europe, and by reason of the comparatively small cost for which they are sold, Mr. Luedeking does .a thriving and very lucrative business. There is no novelty placed Avon the markets of the great metropolises of this country and the Old World that does not find a ready and almost immediate display in the beautiful windows of that gentleman's different stores. His shops are now considered to be among the sights of Cincinnati. Mr. Luedeking is a large manufacturer of custom-made shirts and neckwear of all descriptions. Personally, Mr. Luedeking is a man of affable manners, and well liked in the community in which he lives. He is a member of the Masonic fraternity and of the North Cincinnati Turnverein. Anthony Pinger, Deceased, of Columbus, Ohio, was a man who well deserved to be classed among the progressive people of the State of Ohio. He was born in 1816 in Germany, and died in 1881 in Columbus, Ohio, the city of his adoption, where he had lived for many years and built up a substantial and lucrative business. Mr. Pinger was a carefully educated man, having received a classical as well as thorough musical training in his native land. It was his intention to devote his life to the musical profession, but his early marriage to Miss Sarah Bottenberg, the daughter of- a minister, changed his plans for the future materially. Through his wife he came into the possessi on of a -farm, which he cultivated for some - 614 - time. In 1860 he gave up farm, life, and after a year's travel through the United. States he entered into business in the city of Columbus, Ohio. Mr. Pinger was a man of the most pronounced religious views, gentle in nature, honest in his dealings, and kind to every one he met in his pursuits. He not only talked Christianity, but also proved his sincerity by his acts. But his religion was not the Christianity of creeds, and in this he was far in advance of so many others, for Catholics as well as Protestants benefited by his philanthropy and generosity. He never refused- to aid any worthy cause, and he very often was instrumental in helping to establish edifices. He retired from his business in 1880, one year previous to his death. It was in his daily life and contact with his employees that the most good resulted through him. Drunkards were uplifted to reform, widows encouraged to greater efforts and orphans found a ready shelter in his simple home, which abounded in comforts, but lacked every pretense to luxury, in spite of his considerable wealth. His last years were spent with his family, and he found great pleasure in the literature, art and music of his times and in the sweet anticipation of the New Jerusalem whither he was journeying. The following verses which he wrote are characteristic of the man : "Have faith in God through all thy days, Sincere devotion pay to him ; Humble thyself His works to praise, This unto thee sweet peace will bring. With few things feel content and blessed, Deal righteously and let thy speech be true, Thus shalt thou find eternal rest, And all thy world with joy imbue." Mr. Pinger proved by his exemplary business career that it is not only right, but profitable also to walk in the footsteps of the lowly Nazarene, Who was ever his ideal. Being reviled, he reviled not again ; `being robbed, he gave gifts and kindly treatment to his despoilers. When scorned he replied in a friendly and forgiving manner. While a member of the Board of Education .of Columbus, Mr. Finger advocated clemency toward a teacher, who, though successful, was under ban for extreme cruelty to pupils. The Board sent Mr. Pinger to admonish said teacher, and when with humble mien, he told her how each morning he prayed at the family altar for God to protect his little ones, the cruel teacher was made gentle, wept, and afterwards became one of the kindest and best educators" in Columbus. Mr. Pinger's three mottoes were : "Serve God," "Guard your health," and "Attend to your own affairs." Mr. Pinger was an ideal citizen, a loving father, a true friend, and always ready to serve his fellow citizen's in any capacity he was called upon. His death caused pronounced sorrow in all the classes of the Capital City's population. C. S. Muscroft, M. D., A well-known physician and surgeon of Cincinnati, Ohio, was born on the 17th of August, 1852, in that city. He is the son of Dr. C. S. Muscroft, Sr., a native of England, - 615 - and Harriet M., nee Palmer, a native of Indiana. His father came to America when about eight years of age, and was reared and educated in Cincinnati. He studied medicine at the Miami Medical College, but at the outbreak of the Civil War he left that institution and went to the front with the famous Ninth Ohio Volunteer Infantry, as regimental surgeon, serving under General Thomas. Upon his return from the war he practiced in Cincinnati with much success until his death. His son, C. S. Muscroft, followed in the footsteps of his father, and entered the Miami Medical College, from which institution he graduated in 1875 and immediately began the practice of his profession. In 1878 he was appointed quarantine physician and served as such during the prevalence of yellow fever in 1878 and 1879. In 188o he was appointed Police Surgeon of Cincinnati, and in 1882 was elected Coroner for the city of Cincinnati on the Democratic ticket. He has served as a member of the staff of St. Mary's Hospital for fifteen years, and was surgeon for the C. & 0.; Big Four and Cincinnati Street Railway Company. He is a member of the Cincinnati Academy of Medicine and the Ohio State Medical Society and the B. P. 0. E. He was married on the 2d of March, 1882, to Stella Collins, by whom he is the father of three children, two sons and one daughter. Andrew Rogers James, Architect in the office of the Chief Engineer of the new :Waterworks of Cincinnati, Ohio, was born on the 3d of December, 1862, in the city of Cincinnati, Ohio. His father, Dr. Charles H. Jarries, was a well-known dentist of that city. Mr. James was educated in the schools of his native city, and upon his completion of studies in the public schools at the age of nineteen entered the architectural office of S. E. DesJardins, where he remained for a period of three years. From there he became connected with the office of Samuel Hannaford for one year, and for two years with William Martin Akin. After leaving this office, he established his own business, in which he was successfully engaged until the position which he now fills was offered to him in 1901. Mr. James during his career as an architect has built many municipal structures, among them being school-houses and fire-engine houses, as well as private residences, and many buildings on the old fair grounds at Carthage, Ohio. He is married since 1886, and is the father of a son and a daughter. Socially, Mr. James is a member of the Masonic fraternity and K. of P. He resides on Park Avenue, Walnut Hills, Cincinnati, Ohio. W. L. Russell, Of Lima, Ohio, is a man who by his initiative has become a leading factor in the oil fields of Ohio. He is a successful oil operator, and is President of the National Consolidated Oil Company, and also is the head of th e United States Petroleum Company, at Lima. - 616 - Mr. Russell came to Lima a number of years ago, and almost immediately, became a leading figure in the commercial life' of that thriving city. He is identified with a large number of important business enterprises, and is looked upon in the commercial world as a most progressive and able man of affairs. In politics he is a supporter of Republican principles, and has taken an active part in the political life of his community. He was a delegate to the National Republican Convention held in 1004 in. Chicago, which nominated Theodore Roosevelt as the standard bearer -of his party. Mr. Russell is a public spirited man. He is married, and lives with his family in a splendid mansion, No. 649 West Market Street, Lima. His offices are located in the Opera House Block, that city. Thomas P. Egan, President of the J. A. Fay & Egan Co., celebrated manufacturers of wood-working machinery, was born in Ireland in 1847. When quite young his parents emigrated to Canada, settling in Hamilton, Ontario. He graduated at the High School there, and having a decided preference for mechanics, determined to enter a field suited to his inclinations. He selected Cincinnati, Ohio, as a point likely to afford him good opportunities, and entered the employ of the wood-working machinery firm of Step-toe, McFarlan & Co., where he learned the practical part of that business. His talents were quickly recognized, and he was taken into the office of the firm, and afterward traveled for them on the road. In 1874 he started in the business for himself, and with two partners began manufacturing wood-working machinery on a small scale. The business. through continued improvements in design and mechanical advantages made by Mr. Egan and his associates, grew to such an extent that in 1881 the firm incorporated as The Egan Co., of which he was elected President. In 1893 his business, still further enlarged, joined forces with the old firm of J. A. Fay & Co., in the same line of business, and who were then the most extensive in the United. States, incorporating under the name of J. A. Fay & Egan Co., and it has gradually become the largest individual firm in the world engaged in the exclusive manufacture of wood-working machinery. These two firms, now united, have won the highest honors wherever their machines have been exhibited, from the Crystal Palace Exhibition in London in 1851 to the Paris Exposition in 190o, where they were awarded the "Grand Prix," and Mr. Egan was decorated a Chevalier of the Legion of Honor, and also at the St. Louis World's Fair of 1904, where they were given the "Highest Award." Mr. Egan is perfectly conversant with every detail of his business, and has also a thorough knowledge of trade and commerce, both at home and abroad. A number' of his articles, .written upon current business conditions, have had a wide circulation. Mr, Egan has traveled extensively, and is a. keen observer. He appreciates the importance of foreign trade, and has established about sixty agencies throughout 'the world for the sale of his - 617 - machinery: He was the organizer and first President of the National Association of Manufacturers of the United States, a member of the American Society of Mechanical Engineers, and, in Cincinnati, of the Commereial Club, the Manufacturers' Club, Queen City Club, Country Club and the Optimist Club, and. is also a bank director in the First National Banks While identifying himself with many social organizations, Mr. Egan has the "home and fireside" inclination, joining different clubs simply as an exemplification of his broad ideas. of helping to promote all avenues available to push forward the interests of the Queen City, both socially and in business. Mr. Egan married a distinguished and higly educated daughter of Rev. Dr. Haase, a minister of considerable ability, of Chillicothe, Ohio. Three sons and four daughters have blessed this Amion, two of his sons, Clifford and Frederick, now assisting him in his business. The family home, "Edgecliff Point," is one of the show places of Cincinnati, and one of the most. elegant in the State of Ohio, being on the banks of the Ohio, four hundred feet above the river. Mr. Egan is a Republican in politics, was a personal friend of Mr. William McKinley, and was 'a Presidential Elector, casting the vote of Cincinnati for McKinley and Roosevelt. W. J. Munster, Expert accountant and bookkeeper,. at Cincinnati, Ohio, has gained a name of National reputation in hiS profession. He is of German ancestry, and was born in the city Of St. Louis, on the Igth of November, 1850, in which city he obtained a very careful education, passing through all the grades of the public schools. After leaving school he was prepared for a business career. Coming to Cincinnati, in 1873, Mr. Munster became associated with the Cincinnati Coffin. Company, with which corporation he acted as Secretary for a period of ten years. Since that time he has followed his profession as an expert accountant, and has for his clients many corporations, business houses, as well as municipalities . During his practice he has had charge of many important cases, devolving upon. him great .responsibilities. He has a rare talent for unraveling the most tangled accounts, and has straightened out the affairs of many concerns who were hopelessly confused. He has a keen analytical nature, splendid executive. ability, and a reputation for honesty and probity unchallenged. Mr. Munster is identified with the industrial progress of Cincinnati, and is an officer and stockholder in many manufacturing corporations of the Queen City. His offices are located in the Carlisle Building; corner of Fourth and Walnut Streets, Cincinnati, Ohio. Max S. Goldsmith, Cincinnati manager of- the Art .Metal Construction Company, of Jamestown; New York, since its organization, with headquarters in the Union Trust Building; Cincinnati, Ohio, - 618 - and a man well known in the business circles and political organizations of the Queen City, was born on the 3oth of April, 1857, at Cincinnati. His parents, Solomon and Amelia Goldsmith, were natives of Germany, the former coming from Hanover and the latter froth Darmstadt, the father emigrating about 1852, and settling in the city of Cincinnati, where he later became known as a member of' the silk firm of Mack, Stadler & Co. Mr. Max S. Goldsmith was educated in the public schools of his native city, at Hughes High School and at the Ohio Mechanics' Institute, where he received a technical education which later became of incalculable value to him. At the age of seventeen years, Mr. Goldsmith started into active business life, as a salesman for Bohm Bros. & Co., and later beCame associated with the Mosier Safe Company in the capacity of manager of the bank work department. He remained with that concern for a period of sixteen years, when he resigned to take charge of the Cincinnati branch of the Art Metal Construction Company, of Jamestown, New York. He is interested also in several other mercantile and industrial enterprises. Extremely popular in business circles, as well as in social gatherings, Mr. Goldsmith has proven himself to be a man of exceptional business acumen, with a rare talent for executive work. With a prepossessing appearance. he combines an affableness of Manner, broad-mindedness and gentleness of disposition. A ,Democrat from the ground up, Mr. Goldsmith has taken an active part in political life., and he is the inventor of the voting machine named after him, which has been. demonstrated by actual task to be of wonderful efficiency and accuracy. In recognition of his many services to his party, Mr. Goldsmith, in 1901 received the Democratic nomination for State Senator, but met defeat with the balance of his ticket. He is a member and ex-President of the famous Duckworth Club of Cincinnati, a Mason and K. of P. On August 20th, 1879, the daughter of Gustaye Mosier, Dora Mosier, became his wife. He resides on Walnut Hills, overlooking the magnificent city in which he is so largely interested. Lewis G. Bernard, Of Cincinnati, Ohio, enjoys the distinction of being known from one end of the United 619 States to the other, from the Atlantic to the Pacific, and from the Canadian borders to the Gulf of Mexico. He is the recognized leader of the Hamilton County Democracy, and since more than two decades has played an important part in each and every local and State election in Ohio. Mr. Bernard is a native of the Empire State. He was born in New York on the 4th of October, 1845. His father, Gustavus Bernard, was a rabbi and an intimate friend .of the late Rabbi Isaac Wise. Mr. Bernard obtained a very careful and thorough education, and after graduating. from the Normal School in Albany, New York, he entered the Albany Law School, where he studied law under that distinguished jurist, Judge Ira. Harris. He graduated from, this institution in 1865, and in the. same year -cameto Cincinnati and began an active business life. For the next ten years he was engaged in the hardware business. In 1875 he was elected Clerk of the Board of Improvements, holding that position for one year, and then took charge of the office of County Clerk, to which position he had been elected at the previous election. His term of office was three Years, at the expiration of which time Mr. Bernard started upon his journalistic career with the Cincinnati Enquirer:. Since, then he has been continuously engaged in that profession. In 1883 Mr. Bernard was elected Chairman of the Democratic Executive Committee of HamiltonCounty, and he has held that responsible position ever since. Mr. Bernard is one of the founders of the famous Duckworth Club, the Democratic crack organization of Ohio and the Central States. Twice he has been chosen President of that organization. He is also a member of the K .of P., the A. O. U. W., and of the Walnut Hills Business Men's Club. Mr. Bernard is a man of brilliant executive abilities and keen judgment, a born organizer, .and of quiet, unassuming character. He has a multitude of friends, even among his political .opponents. He is married, and is the father of three sons. A pretty residence, located at No. 3003 Woodburn Avenue, Walnut Hills, Cincinnati, is his home. August Ligowsky, Deceased, who during his life was a highly respected citizen of Cincinnati and Hamilton County, died in July, 1899, in his residence, at Wyoming, Hamilton County, Ohio. He was born on the 22d of November, 1826, in Westphalia, Germany, in whose schools he received a splendid and careful education. Upon the close .of his school career he studied civil engineering. When he had reached the age of twenty, Mr. Ligowsky entered the Prussian army,- and served for one year, resuming his professional studies after entering again private life. In 1848 Mr. Ligowsky entered the German navy, remaining in that service for several years. He emigrated to America in 1853, and upon his arrival in the city of Philadelphia, engaged with Percival Smith, map publisher, as the Surveyor of Clinton and Lewis Counties, New York. Two years later, in 1855,, he removed to Madison, Wisconsin, where he became Deputy County Surveyor and City Engineer. He remained in that city - 620 - until the outbreak of the Civil War, when he immediately offered his services to his adopted country, and organized Company. D of the Twenty-sixth Wisconsin Volunteer Infantry, of which he became Captain. His company was sent to Virginia, where Mr. Ligowsky became attached to the. Eleventh Army Corps. In the autumn of 1862 he was detailed upon the staff of General Carl Schurz, as chief of topographical engineers. He participated in many of the bloodiest battles fought during the Civil War, such as Fredericksburg, Chancellorville, Gettysburg, Wauhatchie, Missionary Ridge, and others. In the fall of 1864 Captain Ligowsky obtained his discharge by reason of ill health. Coming to Cincinnati, he became city editor of the Volksblatt, the leading German newspaper of Ohio, in 1865, and remained in that capacity. for the period of ten years. Soon after his arrival in the United States, Captain Ligowsky became identified with. the Democratic party, with which he was affiliated up to the time of his death. He was elected Treasurer of the city of Cincinnati in 1875, and filled that office to the entire satisfaction of the community. Later he became interested in different industrial enterprises, and was the originator of clay pigeons, now known all over the world by sportsmen. During the last years of his life, Mr. Ligowsky filled a position in the City Engineer's office, Cincinnati, Ohio.- As a man, Captain Ligowsky was one of the striking characters in the State. His commanding appearance• and highly intellectual features attracted marked attention.. His nature was kind and lovable. He had a high sense of honor and was loved by all who came into personal contact with him. His family resides at Wyoming, Ohio, in which city his son occupies the position of chief engineer of the public waterworks. John Kauffmann, Deceased, who during his lifetime was one of the most prominent brewers of the Queen City, and a man whose memory is held in high esteem by all those with whom he came in contact, was a native of the (at that time) ,French province of Lorraine, born on the loth of February, 1830, at Kirviller. His early, education was received in the public schools of his native land, and at the age of fifteen years he emigrated to the United States, settling in the city of Cincinnati. Immediately upon his arrival in that city he was employed by his uncle, the proprietor of the old Franklin brewery on Deercreek, his first work being as a common laborer, later as a maltster, and finally as foreman of the brewery. His uncle dying, Mr. Kauffmann organized the Ohio Brewery, which was erected under his supervision, and of which he became manager. Severing his connection with that company, he became foreman at the Jefferson Brewery, and subsequently Superintendent of the Eichenlatib's Brewery on Walnut Hills. The latter position he held for four years, when, in connection with Messrs. Eichenlaub and Rudolph Reinbold, he purchased the brewery established by his uncle, conducting the business under the name - 621 - of Kauffmann &. Co. After the expiration of four years, in 1859, the firm of Kauffmann & Co. commenced the erection of the Kauffmann Brewery on Vine Street, Cincinnati, and the same was completed in the following year. While that brewery was in the course of erection Mr. Kauffmann purchased the Walnut Street Flour Mill, now Schneider's, and controlled the same for a number of years. In 1865 Mr. Eichenlaub retired from partnership, and Kauffmann & Reinbold continued the business until 1877, when Mr. Reinhold retired and Mr. Kauffmann became sole proprietor. He continued as head of the rapidly growing Kauffmann Brewery until the time of his death, which occurred on the 15th of January, 1886. He was married in 1852 to Miss Marianna Eichenlaub, who survived her husband until 1903. There are two sons living at the present time, John and Charles Kauffmann, both of whom are interested in the business. Joseph M. Rice, One of the most popular business men in Cincinnati, and well known in political and social circles, is a native of the Blue Grass State, being born in Hopkinsville, ky., on the 1st of August, 1854. His father was a merchant. Colonel Rice had the advantages of acommon school education in his home district, until he was twelve years of age, when he came to Cincinnati. From this time on he had to struggle for his liirelihood. He went to work and occupied different minor positions until eighteen years Of age, when he entered the commercial world. For about a quarter of a century, Colonel Rice has been connected with the firm of Bishop, Sterne & Stein, for which firm he has traveled from the Atlantic to the Pacific, and from the Canadian frontier to the Gulf of Mexico. Colonel Rice has the gift to make friends, and what is much more important and difficult, to keep them. He is a man of the most affable manners, a brilliant conversationalist, and with broad human sympathies. Being one of the most prominent members of the order of the Knights of Pythias in Ohio, he is Chief of Staff of the Ohio Brigade, with the rank of Colonel. He also belongs to the Commercial Travelers' fraternity. In political belief, Colonel Rice is a staunch, uncompromising Democrat, and he has served his party in many capacities. In 188o he was elected to the City Council, representing the Seventeenth Ward of Cincinnati in that body, and it may be truthfully said that he always had the interests of his constituents and the people in general at heart. The same was true when he served on the Board of Fire Trustees, being appointed to that responsible position by Mayor Tafel. The Colonel is one of the most active members of the Duckworth Club of Cincinnati, that famous Democratic organization. He has a held a number of important offices in that body, and at the present writing is Vice-President Of the club. Colonel Rice has been married since 1877, and is the father of one son and two daughters. He lives in the beautiful residence part of the Queen City, in which community he is immensely popular. - 622 - Albert E. Lynch, One of the foremost patent lawyers of the State of Ohio, and a member of the known firm Of Lynch & Dorer, with offices located in the Society for Savings Building, at Cleveland, Ohio, was born at Prescott, Ontario, Canada, on the 24th of October, 1860. When but seven years of age he came with his parents to Cleveland, where he was educated in the common schools of that city, passing through the High School in 1878. Upon his graduation he accepted a position as correspondent of an Oil firm, remaining with that concern about one 'year. During this time h he took private leSsonS in shorthand, and in the winter of 1879 and 188o he became connected with the Cleveland Herald as a reporter. His success as a newspaper man was pronounced, and his career in that field was one of promise. Receiving, however, an. advantageous offer from the firm of   & L. L. Leggett, attorneys, to enter their service as shorthand reporter, he accepted the same. While in the employ of the firm the attention of General Leggett was called to his marked ability, and by his advice Mr. Lynch entered upon the study of law, under the preceptorship of that gentleman. In December, 1882, he was admitted to the bar before the Supreme Court of Ohio, since which. time he has been continuously engaged in the practice of his chosen profession, making .a specialty of patent cases. He is reCognized in his particulat'. line as one of the leading and ablest patent attorneys in the State of Ohio. Mr. Lynch was admitted to . practice before the United States Supreme Court in 1887, having previously been admitted to the United States Circut Courts. For a number of years Mr. Lynch has been connected with the firms of M. D. & L. L. Leggett and M..D. Leggett & Co., and was associated with them in many prominent cases in the different parts of the country, .his 'practice during this time being confined almost exclusively to patent cases. He was appointed in January, 1889, a United States. Commissioner for the Northern District of Ohio. After the expiration of his term in office, Mr. Lynch resumed his practice, which has become a very lucrative one. He has earned an enviable reputation, by reason of his experience, knowledge and probity.. Mr. Lynch is a member of. the firm Lynch & Dorer, successors to M. D. Leggett & Co. Townsend F. Dickinson, M.D. A well-known physician of Cincinnati, Ohio, ranks among the most prominent. Democrats of the Queen City. He is a native of the Buckeye State, born on the 13th of June, 1858, at West Woodville, Clermont County. Dr. Dickinson is of English-Irish descent. His ancestors on his father's side emigrated to America before the War of the Revolution, in which struggle his great-grandfather took a prominent part. A brother of his great-grandfather, John Dickinson, was a representative in the Continental Congress from New Jersey. After the Revolutionary War, Dr. Dickinson's great-grandfather came West, crossed the Allegheny Mountains, and sailed down the Ohio River froin Pittsburg on a flatboat. He - 623 - was one of the first arrivals, in 1788, at the site of Columbia, now a part of Cincinnati. When he reached his destination, the lower lands and many of the log, cabins built by the early settlers were under water by reason- of a great flood. This caused Dr..Dickinson to travel further doWn the Ohio, and he finally landed where is now Dearborn County, Indiana, and cultivated a farm. Here Dr. Dickinson's grandfather and father were born. The latter left his native county in 1841, settled in Clarksville, Ohio, married and raised a family. He was born in 1820, and at the present writing is still alive and enjoys good health. Dr. Dickinson spent the years of his youth on his father's farm, and obtained such early education as was possible in the district schools of his home. Later, for one year, he attended the Nationals Normal School at Lebanon, Ohio. In 1877 he took up the profession of teaching, and for the period of one year taught school in Clermont County. Having resolved to devote his future life to the medical profession, he, in 1878, entered Miami Medical College at Cincinnati, graduating from that well-known institution in 1881 with the degree of M.D. After his graduation Dr. Dickinson located in Edenton, Clermont County, practicing there. from 1881 until 1888. In the latter, year he came to Cincinnati, where he has practiced ever since. His residence is located in Hyde Park and his office on Eastern Avenue: Like his father and grandfather, Dr. Dickinson has always been a faithful Democrat, having taken an active part in the affairs of Democracy since his maturity. Under President Cleveland's second administration he was Pension Examining Surgeon. In 1900 Dr. Dickinson was the nominee for Coroner of Hamilton County, on the Democratic ticket, but he was defeated with the balance of his ticket, the county going overwhelmingly Republican. He also was a delegate to the Democratic State Convention at Zanesville; Ohio, which nominated John R. McLean for Governor. For a number of years Dr. Dickinson has been member of the well-known Duckworth Club, of Cincinnati, in which organization for the last six years he has held the office of Treasurer. He is a member of the different branches of the Masonic fraternity, of the Cincinnati Academy of Medicine, and of the Ohio State Medical Association. On the 11th of October, 1880, Dr. Dickinson was married to Miss Julia D. Hodges. Two daughters and one son are the issue of their union. The son, following in the footsteps of his father, is preparing himself for the medical profession. August C. Busch, M.D., A well-known physician of Cincinnati, was born on the 28th of October, 1871, in the ueen City. His parents were August Busch, an undertaker, who came from Oldenburg, Germany, and Jane Meyer Busch, a native Ohioan. Dr. Busch was educated in St. Joseph's parochial school, St. Mary's College at Dayton, Ohio, and the Ohio Medical College, from which institution, he graduated in 1894, with the degree of M.D. After leaving college, he took a post graduate course in his science at the celebrated universities at Hei- - 624 -