HISTORY OF THE WESTERN RESERVE BY HARRIET TAYLOR UPTON H. G. CUTLER Editor of the Lewis Publishing Company And a staff of Leading Citizens collaborated on the Counties and Biographies ILLUSTRATED VOL. II 1910 THE LEWIS PUBLISHING COMPANY CHICAGO - NEW YORK History of the Western Reserve. HON. MARCUS A. HANNA, late United States senator from Ohio, a resident of Cleveland for over half a century and one of the great industrial and commercial powers of the middle west, did not reach the height of his political and public renown until his life was nearly spent. Since he was a young man he had always given his hearty indorsement and generous support to the Republican party, but was approaching his sixtieth year before he decided to throw the full strength of his executive, diplomatic and administrative powers into the management of a national campaign for his party. At that late period in his life it was only his long and sincere friendship for McKinley which decided him to accept the chairmanship of the national committee and conduct the campaign for his personal and presidential favorite on the same principles of careful organization, energy, good nature and fairness toward competitors which had won him pronounced leadership in the business and industrial world. Another important element of strength in the personnel of the national chairman was the fact that although he had been a large employer of labor for many years he had never developed into an autocrat, but had been ever ready to listen patiently to the presentation of alleged grievances from his employees and was on record as a consistent champion of arbitration in the settlement of differences between labor and capital. The country still remembers the masterly campaign of 1896, conducted by Marc Hanna, and his fair and open methods were so reciprocated by the Democracy as to make it an epoch in the history of national politics. It was a campaign also of great surprises, as several states which had heretofore gone Democratic were brought into the Republican column seemingly by the sheer personal force and magnetism of the chairman and his skilfully marshaled forces. Mr. Hanna's financial rescue of McKinley in earlier times is no secret, and there is no doubt that, despite the elevated statesmanship and character of McKinley, he virtually elected the president of 1896 ; and the love which th people generally bore the president-elect was brightly reflected on the great political captain, brought him into the halls of the United States senate and placed a splendid capsheaf upon the closing years of his life. In 'goo Mr. Hanna was honored with the degree of LL. D. by Kenyon College —but Dr. Hanna would never sound natural to the thousands of his admirers and friends. He will always be remembered as Marc Hanna—one of the finest figures in the practical affairs of the United States, a plain, rugged Roman character transplanted to America. Marcus Alonzo Hanna, as he was christened, was born in Lisbon (then New Lisbon), Columbiana county, Ohio, on the 24th of September, 1837. In 1852 he located with other members of the family in Cleveland ; graduated from the city high school and the Western Reserve College at Hudson, and at the age of twenty entered the employ of the wholesale house of which his father was the senior partner. After the decease of the latter in 1862, he continued in control of his interest until 1867, when the business was closed out. The young man then joined the firm of Rhodes and Company, the pioneer iron and coal concern in Cleveland. In 1877, through his control of the business, the firm became M. A. Hanna and Company, and at his death in 1904 it was one of the largest establishments of the kind in the country. His business insight soon showed him the advantage of becoming identified with the transportation and financial interests of the locality, both being means in the moving and handling of the products of his mines and the materials of his business. For many years he was therefore connected with the building and navigation of the lake marine, among his specific interests which he held in Vol II-l - 711- 712 - HISTORY OF THE WESTERN RESERVE this and other lines being those as director of the Globe Ship Manufacturing Company, president of the Union National Bank (organized in 1884), president of the. Chapin Mining Company (controlling some of the most productive iron mines in the Lake Superior region), and president of the Cleveland Street Railway Company. In 1885, by appointment of President Cleveland, he served as director of the Union Pacific Railway Company. The latter position was purely an honorary one, with no salary attached, but proved to be weighted with heavy responsibilities. In the fall of that year he was summoned to the west, and gave several weeks of his time to a careful consideration and judicious settlement of the labor troubles along the line. This work brought him into national prominence. In the previous year he had served as a delegate to the national. Republican convention, and was likewise honored in 1888, his earnest support of John Sherman's presidential candidacy in the latter having a' strong bearing on his own political career. Briefly retracing Mr. Hanna's business ca reer, it should be -noted that in 1872 he was one of the organizers of the Cleveland Transportation Company, which built a fine line of steamers for the Lake Superior iron trade, being at times its general manager and one of its directors. In 1881 he organized the West Republic Mining Company, of Marquette county, Michigan, of which. he was long president, and in the following year established the Pacific Coal and Iron Company, with headquarters at. St. Paul. In 1882 he purchased a controlling interest in the West Side Street Railway Company, and was at the head of the consolidated interests of the local lines at the time of his death. Further, as director of the Globe Iron Woks, and as one of the founders and president of the Union National Bank, he materially assisted in making Cleveland one of the leading shipbuilding and financial centers of the United States. He was also the builder and owner of the, handsome Euclid Avenue Opera House, and was for a number of years president of the Herald Publishing Company. So that Cleveland, as a city, is his debtor manyfold. On March 2, 1897, Mr.. Hanna was appointed to 'the United. States serrate by Governor Bushnell. to fill the vacancy caused by the resignation of John Sherman to become secretary of state in the McKinley cabinet. His term expired in January, 1898, when he was elected for the full six years' term and was reelected in 1904. During his service as United States senator Mr. Hanna never failed, when opportunity offered, to appear as a friend of peace and compromise in all industrial disputes, and in 1901 was appointed a member of the National Civic Federation, organized to consider the vexatious questions of trusts, tariff and taxation. The final .verdict of history will be that the nation at large has the deepest cause for gratitude to Marc Hanna because of his continuous and disinterested efforts to bring about more fraternal rerations between the employer and employed. He died February 15, 1904. FREDERICK L. TAFT.—A native son of the Western Reserve who is well upholding the prestige of a' name honored in the annals of this historic section of the state of Ohio, and who has marked by distinctive personal accomplishment a place of his own as a member of the bar, as judge of the court of common pleas, and as a leader in the ranks of the Republican party in his native commonwealth, is Judge Frederick L. Taft, who is. engaged in the practice of his profession in the city of Cleveland, as a member of the representative firm of Smith, Taft & Arter, and who is a scion of one of the old and honored families of Trumbull county. Frederick L. Taft was born in Braceville, Trumbull county, Ohio, on the 1st of December, 1870, and is a son of Newton A. and Laura A. (Humphrey) Taft, both of whom were born in New England, where the respective families were founded in the colonial epoch of our national history. The ancestral line in which the genealogy of the subject of this review is traced is the same as that of the present distinguished president of the United States, to whom it has been given to significantly honor the name, the nation and his home state of Ohio. The family name has been linked with the history of Trumbull county, Ohio, since' the pioneer days, and in the records touching that county may be found in this publication due representation of its members. Hon. Matthew Birchard, a great-uncle of him whose name initiates this article, was one of the early judges of the supreme court of the state of Ohio, and long held prestige as one of the leading legists and jurists of northern Ohio. Judge Frederick L. Taft is indebted to the 'public schools of his native state for his early HISTORY OF THE WESTERN RESERVE - 713 educational discipline, which included a course in the Newton Falls high school, in which he was graduated as a Member of the class of 1886. He then entered Mount Union Col. lege, in which he was graduated in 1889 and from which he received the degree of Bache. lor of Arts. After teaching for a short period in the public. schools of Trumbull county, he was matriculated in the Cincinnati Law School, and then carried forward a careful reading of law under the effective preceptorship of. Judge Joel W. Tyler. On the.. 1st of December, 1891, when twenty-one years of age, he was admitted to the bar of his native state. Judge Taft, mindful of the exactions and responsibilities of his profession, entered into practice with singleness, of .devotion, an thus his success followed as a normal sequel, as he was amply fortified by natural predilection and effective technical training. He located at Cleveland, Ohio, and in May, 1898, he was appointed assistant county solicitor of Cuyahoga county, and of this office he continued incumbent until October 1, 1901, when he resigned to devote his attention to the general practice of his profession, in which he has gained definite, precedence and a secure reputation. He is now a member of the prominent law firm. of Smith, Taft & Arter, whose clientage is of representative order and whose business is large and varied. In 1906 Governor Harris appointed him to fill a vacancy on the bench of the court of common pleas of Cuyahoga county, and at the ensuing convention of the Republican party in the county he was nominated for the office by acclamation. He made an excellent record during the short time he presided on the bench, showing due judicial acumen and appreciation, but he met with defeat in the ensuing election, which was disastrous to the entire party ticket, though he ran several thousand votes better than the other judicial candidate. Judge Taft has been from the time of attaining his majority an ardent and effective advocate of the cause of the Republican party, and his activities have been .marked by good generalship and by numerous party preferments. He was chairman of the Republican committee for the Twenty-first congressional district of Ohio in 1896 and of the Republican executive committees for Cuyahoga county and the city of Cleveland in 1897. In 1900 he was a member of the state central committee, and he has served many times as a delegate to the city, county and state conventions of his party. He was chairman of the last two conventions of the Republican party in Cleveland—those of 1907 and 1998. In 1908 Judge Taft had the distinction of being a delegate to the' national Republican convention, in Chicago, that nominated fox the presidency his distinguished kinsman, President Taft, from the Twenty-first congressional district of Ohio. As an appreciative member of the time- honored Masonic fraternity, Judge Taft has attained to the thirty-second degree in the Ancient Accepted Scottish Rite, after having duly completed the circle of the York Rite bodies. He is also identified with the adjunct organization,` the Ancient Arabic Order of the Nobles of 'the Mystic' Shrine. He is district deputy of the Knights of Pythias, a member of the Sons of Veterans, and 'affiliated with the -Sigma Alpha Epsilon' college fraternity .and the Phi Delta Phi law fraternity. He also holds membership in the Sons of the American Revolution, and is an active and valued member of the Cleveland Chamber Of Commerce. He holds membership in the Union Club of Cleveland and the Columbus Club, of Columbus, Ohio, besides which he is a mem¬ber of the board of trustees of his alma mater, Mount Union College. Judge Taft and his wife are, members of the First Methodist 'church of Cleveland. On the 28th of October, 1901, was Sol emnized the marriage. of judge Taft to Miss Mary Alice Arter, daughter of Frank A. Arter, of Cleveland, and a sister of Charles K. Arter, one of his professional associates in the firm of Smith, Taft & Arter. Judge and Mrs. Taft have three sons, whose names, with respective dates of birth, are here noted : Kingsley Arter, July 19, 1903 ; Charles Newton, December 14, 1904 ; and Frederick L., Jr., August 15, 1906. GEORGE HAYDEN.—Among those who are ably upholding the high prestige of the bench and bar of the Western Reserve is Judge George Hayden, who is judge of the court of common pleas in Medina county, and who had previously gained prominence as a member of the bar of this, his native, county. He is a scion of one of the, representative pioneer families of the Western Reserve, and it was 714 - HISTORY OF THE WESTERN RESERVE his to honor this favored section by his gallant services as a soldier in the Civil war. Judge Hayden was born in the township of Sharon, Medina county, Ohio, on the 5th of April, 1840, and is a son of Hiram K. and Emeline (Briggs) Hayden. His father was born in Springfield township, Summit county, which was then a portion of Medina county, on the 9th of August, 1815. He was a son of Samuel M. Hayden, a native of Litchfield county, Connecticut, and a member of a family which was founded in New England in the colonial epoch of our national history. Samuel M. Hayden came to the Western Reserve in 1817 and settled in Wadsworth township, Medina county, where he became prominent and influential as a citizen in the pioneer region. He reclaimed a considerable tract of land in .what is now Summit county and later took up his abode in Sharon township, in Medina county, as at present constituted. Here both he and his wife passed the residue of their lives. The maiden name of his wife was Asenath Sprague, and her parents were numbered among the very early settlers of Medina county. Hiram K. Hayden was sixteen years of age at the time of the family removal to Sharon township, and his early educational privileges were those afforded in the pioneer schools. He remained on the home farm until he had attained to his legal majority and eventually became the owner of a wild place, but which became a well improved landed estate of Sharon township, where he continued to be actively identified with agricultural pursuits during the remainder of his active career. He was a man of utmost rectitude, of strong and vigorous mentality and of indefatigable energy, so that he contributed in due quota to the civic and material development and upbuilding of his home county, where he was ever held in unqualified confidence and esteem. He passed the closing years of his life in the city of Medina, where he died in 1893. In politics he was originally an old-line Whig, but he identified himself with the Republican party at the time of its organization and thereafter continued a zealous supporter of its cause. He held various local offices of minor importance and was a man whose influence was ever exerted in support of worthy measures and enterprises. Both he and his wife were devoted members of and affiliated with, the Universalist church. As a young man, Hiram K. Hayden was united in marriage to Miss Emeline Briggs, who was then a resident of Sharon, Medina county. She was born in picturesque old Berkshire county, Massachusetts, where she was reared and educated, and as a young woman she was a successful teacher in the schools of North Adams, Northampton, Windham, Hillsdale and Taunton, Massachusetts. She was a daughter of Daniel and Abigail (Hathaway) Briggs, both of whom were likewise natives of the old Bay state and members of staunch old families of colonial lineage. Mrs. Emeline Hayden was a woman of culture and of gracious and gentle personality, so that she drew to herself the warm regard of all who came within the sphere of her influence. She died in Sharon, in 1879. Of the three children, only the subject of this sketch is now living. Judge George Hayden, to whom this sketch is dedicated, gained his rudimentary education in the district schools of his native township and later. continued his studies in a private school conducted by Professor Barnard, an able educator, in Medina. In the meanwhile he assisted in the work and management of the home farm. With the outbreak of the Civil war there came to Judge Hayden the call of higher duty, and he made prompt response to President Lincoln's first request for volunteers. In September, 1861, soon after attaining to his legal majority, he enlisted in Company A, Forty-second Ohio Volunteer Infantry, and he reverts with satisfaction to the fact that the commander of his regiment was Colonel James A. Garfield, who later was to attain to the rank of general and finally to become president of the United States. The command proceeded to the front and with the same Judge Hayden took part in all engagements till his discharge, in all of which he acquitted himself with the gallantry of a true son of the republic. He participated in the memorable siege. of Vicksburg, as did also his brother, Henry S. who was a member of the same regiment, and during one of the engagements at this point the brother was wounded, dying January 25, 1863. When lying almost at the point of death, the young soldier was placed upon a transport, in care of his brother, Judge Hayden, and upon the same boat were about seven hundred other Union soldiers, the greater number of whom were suffering from wounds or other illness, so that the care of all devolved upon 'a little band of not more than nine of those not afflicted. Henry S. Hayden HISTORY OF THE WESTERN RESERVE - 715 died while en route to St. Louis, and so great were the care and tension which fell upon the subject of this sketch that he also became seriously ill after the death of his brother, and was finally sent home on surgeon's certificate of disability. He received his honorable discharge at Camp Chase, Columbus, Ohio, in 1863, and his health thereafter remained so greatly impaired that he was not again able to enter active service, though he did much in a private way to support the cause in which he had fought on the sanguinary fields of the south. During the fall of 1861, Judge Hayden went to Hiram, Ohio, where he matriculated as a student in Hiram College, in which institution he continued his studies for a short time, and until enlistment in the Forty-second Ohio Volunteer Infantry, in the meanwhile devoting his attention to teaching at intervals in the public schools of Ohio. In 1876 he was elected clerk of the court of Medina county, of which office he remained incumbent, by reelection, for six consecutive years. In the meanwhile he had carefully prosecuted the study of law while clerk of courts, and with the added advantages of his coincident official experience, and at the expiration of his term of office as clerk of the courts he was admitted to the bar of Ohio, upon examination before the supreme court, in Columbus, in March, 1881. He forthwith engaged in the general practice of his profession in Medina, where he met with distinctive success, and where he gained recognition as an able trial lawyer and safe and well fortified counselor. He built up a practice that was of substantial and representative order and he continued to give his undivided attention to the same until 1900, when he was elected judge of the court of common pleas for the term of five years. In 1905 he was chosen as his own successor in this office, and his second term will expire on the 14th of January, 1911. Judge Hayden has shown in his services on the bench not only his broad, concise and practical knowledge of the law, but also that he has the true judicial temperament, so that his course has met with unequivocal endorsement on the part of the bar of the county and the public in. general. He maintains a high appreciation of his stewardship and his rulings have been marked by wise discrimination in the summing up of evidence and the application of the law to the cause presented. Few of his decisions have met with adverse ruling in the higher courts, and he has shown unabating energy in systematizing and expediting the work of his court. In politics Judge Hayden gives a staunch allegiance to the Republican party, and he is admirably fortified in his opinions as to matters of public polity and general political expediency. He is a valued comrade of H. G. Blake Post, No. 169, Grand Army of the Republic; in Medina, and is identified with other organizations. On the 17th of October, 1864, was solemnized the marriage of Judge Hayden to Miss Helen G. Brown, daughter of Joseph and Adelaide (Bentley) Brown, of Sharon township, Medina county, Ohio, where she was born and reared. Joseph Brown was one of the representative farmers of Sharon township, and both he and his wife continued to reside in Medina county until their death. Mrs. Helen G. Hayden died at Medina, Ohio, August 14, 1907, and left surviving her, besides her husband, one daughter, Edna Gertrude, now the wife of A. V. Andrews, an attorney of Norwalk, Ohio. Judge Hayden continues to live at the old home in Medina. SAMUEL MATHER, member of the widely known firm of Pickands, Mather & Company, miners and dealers of iron and coal, is one of the ablest business men and most prominent capitalists of the Western Reserve ; one of those broad figures in the financial, commercial and industrial world, the variety and extent of whose interests are a constant cause of wonder in the minds of the untrained and uninitiated. It may be added that even the associates of Mr. Mather often wonder at the apparent ease with which he manages the many and great enterprises with which he is identified; both keeping them stable and invariably giving them a forward impetus. A native of Cleveland, Samuel Mather was born on the 13th of July, 1851, and is a son of Samuel Livingston and Georgiana Pomeroy (Woolson) Mather. The founder of the American family was Rev. Richard Mather, a native of Lowton, parish of Winwick, Lancashire, England, where he was born in 1596. Himself of an ancient family of gentlemen, he entered Brasenose College, Oxford, in 1618, and in the following year was ordained as a minister of the gospel at Toxteth Park, Liverpool, and Prescott, Lancashire. Upon. his suspension from the Established church for non-conformity, he emigrated to Massachusetts, 716 - HISTORY OF THE WESTERN RESERVE in 1635 locating at Dorchester (now a part of Boston), where he preached until his death in 1669. He was of that famous family of divines who did so much to make Boston the religious and intellectual center of New England; the historic Increase Mather (brother. of Timothy) being born in Dorchester three years after the coming of Richard, and commencing to come into his greatest fame about the time of the latter's death. Rev: Richard Mather married, in September, 1624, Catherine Holt, daughter of Edmund Holt, of Bury Lancashire. The line of descent to Samuel Mather is through Timothy (1628-1684) and Richard (1653-1688), of Dorchester, Massachusetts ; Samuel (1684-1725), Richard 1712- ), Samuel (1745-___) of Lyme, and Samuel (1771-1854), of Middleton, Connecticut; and Samuel Livingston Mather (1817-1890), of Cleveland, Ohio. Samuel L. Mather, the father; was one of the most public-spirited and prominent citizens of that city, being president of the Cleveland Iron Mining Company, Iron Cliffs Company and the Mercantile National Bank, and a director of the American Sheet and Boiler Plate Company, the American. Rolling Mill and other like institutions. He was long a leading Episcopalian of the city, serving for many years as senior warden, treasurer and vestryman' Of Trinity parish. In politics, he was a Republican. On September 24, 1850,' Samuel L. Mather married Miss Georgiana Pomeroy Woolson, granddaughter of James Fenimore Cooper, the famous novelist of early years, and sister of the later writer, Constance Fenimore Woolson. Mrs. Georgiana Mather died November 2, 1853, and on June 11, 1856, Mr. Mather married Miss Elizabeth L. Gwin, the surviving widow. The father died in October, 1890. Samuel Mather, of this biography, obtained the early portion of his education in the public schools of Cleveland, and completed his studies at St. Mark's School, Southborough, Massachusetts. Since leaving school and returning to Cleveland, there are few fields either of business or finance into which he has not entered with ability and success. On January 1, 1883, with J. C. Morse and Colonel Jay Pickands, Mr. Mather founded the firm of Pickands, Mather & Company, of which he is now the senior partner. He was also one of the founders and an original director of the :Federal Steel Company, and is now a director of the Lackawanna Steel Company, Cleveland Cliffs Iron Company, United States Steel Corporation and of other companies and: banks too numerous to mention. His civic' and other outside relations are equally broad.: He is president of the Cleveland Civic Federation and a member of the National Civic Federation and the National American Red Cross;, is also actively identified with the Cleveland. Chamber of Commerce,. of which he has served as treasurer, and was on the Board of visitors to the United States Naval Academy (1909). His lineage and family history give; him membership in the Sons of the American Revolution, and no citizen of Cleveland has: been more generous of time or means in the maintenance and furtherance of charitable and religious movements than Mr. Mather. AS! an Episcopalian of long and prominent standing, he has served as senior warden and ves- tryman of Trinity parish for Many years, and largely assisted in building Trinity cathedral. and Lakeside hospital, as well as in maintaining the Western Reserve University, Hiram House and Goodrich House (social settlements), the Y. M. C. A. and many other charities. Although a citizen of such marked in fluence in so many ways, he has never sought! public office, either directly or through his: numerous associates of political power. In October, 1881, Mr. Mather wedded Miss: Flora Amelia Stone, daughter of Amasa Stone, who was descended in the seventh generation from Gregory Stone, an English yeoman of Kent,: who came to America from Ipswich in 1635. Her father was one of the foremost engineers and railroad administrators of the country, being at different times: superintendent of the Lake Shore, Chicago,' Milwaukee & St. Paul, New Haven, Hartford & Springfield, and Cleveland, Lorain & Wheeling, all of which he engineered in part Or whole. He constructed long-span bridges (of' which he was the pioneer in this country), iron mills, woolen mills, car works and other. great plants, and, in his administrative and executive capacity, acted, at various times, as director of the Bank of Commerce, Merchants' Bank, Commercial National Bank and others of Cleveland and Ohio, and president of the Mercer Iron and Coal Company. Mr. Stone was the trusted friend and adviser of President Lincoln during the Civil war period, his' generous philanthropy and broad public spirit' making him no less loved than his practical abilities made him widely respected: Among' the institutions which he founded may be men- tioned Adelbert College, Children's Aid So- HISTORY OF THE WESTERN RESERVE - 717 ciety and the Home for Aged Women, all of Cleveland. Mrs. Mather received her education at Miss Guilford's select school in Cleveland and, like her husband, has been active in the higher movements of the city in which her father was so large and fine a figure. The marriage of Mr. and Mrs. Samuel Mather has resulted in the birth of three sons and a daughter, as follows : Samuel Livingston, born August 22, 1882, who graduated from the Cleveland University School in 1901 and Yale College in 1905, married Miss Grace Flemming. Harman, June 28, 1906, and is identified with the Cleveland Cliffs Iron Company ; Amasa: Stone, born August 20, 1884, also a graduate of the Cleveland University School (1903) and Yale. College (1907), who is connected with the business of Pickands, Mather & Com pany; Constance, born September 21, 1889, who was educated at the. Hathaway Brown and Briarcliff schools ; and Philip Richard Mather, who was born April 19, 1894, and is now a student at the Cleveland University school, where both his brothers have received their preparatory training before entering Yale. In conclusion, it seems fitting to take up the bright and prominent genealogical threads of the Mather family and trace them more in detail than has already been done. Timothy Mather, of Dorchester, Massachusetts, the first of the name to be born in America, and a direct ancestor of Samuel, of this biography, was the brother of Increase Mather, sixth president of Harvard College, whose degree of Doctor of Divinity was the first granted in this country—and the uncle of Rev. Cotton Mather, even more illustrious than this father as author, patriot and divine. Timothy's first son, Rev. Samuel Mather, was a graduate of Harvard, a minister of Windsor, Connecticut, and one of the founders of Yale College in 170o. He married Hannah, daughter of Hon. Robert Treat, governor of Connecticut. Elias and Sylvester Mather, brothers of the second Samuel Mather, of Lyme, that state, were both active captains in the Revolutionary war. Other noteworthy .connections of the family are Commodore 0. H. Perry, Jonathan Edwards and John Hay (former secretary of state), who married Miss Clara Stone, sister of Mrs. Samuel Mather. GEORGE W. CROUSE.-It was given George W. Crouse to gain prominence and a large measure of success in the business world, to make definite impress upon the industrial and commercial activities of his 'native city and state, and to retain in all the relations of - life • the .confidence and respect of his fellowmen. He was one of the venerable and popular citizens of Akron, a member of one of the sterling pioneer families of Summit county, a veteran of the Civil war, .and one who served in various offices of public trust, including that of member of Congress from the district in which virtually his entire life was passed. Honors and distinction. come only when merited, and the record of Mr. Crouse is one which indicates beyond. peradventure his legitimate hold upon the regard of the community in which he lived and labored to goodly ends. Many of, the leading: industrial: enterprises of Akron enlisted his capitalistic and executive support, and among the more prominent concerns with which he was identified as a stockholder may be mentioned the following: The Buckeye Mower & Reaper Works, the Whitman & Barnes Manufacturing Company, the B. F. Goodrich Company (Akron Rubber Works) the Thomas Phillips Company, the Akron. Iron Company, the, Akron Woolen & Felt Company, the Diamond Match Company, and the Selle. Gear Works. Mr. Crouse. was. born in Tallmadge township, Summit county, Ohio, on the 23d of November, 1832, and is a son of George and Margaret H. (Robinson), Crouse, the former of whom was born in the state of Pennsylvania, of German lineage; and the latter of whom was also a native of Pennsylvania, and of Irish ancestry. The Crouse family was founded in America in the colonial era of our national history, and the paternal grandfather of George Crouse was .a valiant .soldier in the continental line in the war of the Revolution, in one of whose battles he fell, a martyr to the noble cause of independence. The family name has long been identified: with the annals of Ohio, and in Summit county it fell to the portion of George. Crouse to reclaim a farm from the virgin forest and to become one of the honored and. influential citizens of Green township, where both he and his wife continued to. reside until their death, and where they reared their family. of ten children. The parents were members of the Presbyterian church and were folk of sterling character, well meriting, the esteem in which they were uniformly held in the county in which they were pioneers. On the old homestead farm George W. 718 - HISTORY OF THE WESTERN RESERVE Crouse, the immediate subject of this sketch. was reared to maturity, and from his boyhood days he contributed his quota to its work, the while waxing strong in mind and body through the invigorating discipline ever given those who thus live close to nature. He duly availed himself of the advantages of the common schools, and when seventeen years of age he began teaching. For five years he devoted his attention to teaching in the district schools during the winter terms and in the summers found occupation in farm work. He had by this time sufficiently impressed his individuality upon the people of his native county to gain their good-will and confidence, and this was shown when, in 1855, he was tendered the position of deputy county treasurer. He accepted this office and took up his residence in Akron, where he remained incumbent of the position noted and also served as deputy county auditor until 1858, when, he was elected county auditor. In this office he made so excellent a record as to insure his reelection in 186o, but before the expiration of his second term he was called upon to fill out an unexpired term in the office of county treasurer, owing to the death of the regularly elected incumbent. These preferments, accorded him while he was still, a young man, indicate the popular appreciation of his executive ability and of his signal integrity of purpose, which dominated his entire career. Mr. Crouse was thus an official of his native county at the inception of the Civil war, and in his official capacity and as a private citizen he did all in his power in support of the cause of the Union. He was active in securing volunteers and in making proper provision for them, by securing favorable action on the part of the board of county commissioners. Finally, in May, 1864, he himself enlisted, in the one hundred days' service. He became a private in Company F, One Hundred and Sixty-fourth Ohio Volunteer Infantry, with which command he was in, service, principally on the Potomac, until August, 1864, when he received his honorable discharge. He was a member, of the Grand Army, of the Republic and also further manifested his interest in his old comrades in arms by retaining affiliation in the Ohio Commandery of the Military Order of the Loyal Legion of the .United States. He was made a third-degree member of this commandery at the time of its organization and at his death had the distinction .of being the only member of the commandery holding this degree, so that he naturally found much satisfaction in wearing the tri-color insignia to which he was thus entitled. The Soldiers' Memorial Chapel in Akron, one of the most beautiful structures of the kind in the state, was secured largely through his efforts and personal munificence. In 1863 Mr. Crouse was chosen secretary of the Akron Board of Trade, which has ever maintained high civic ideals, and he later became specially active in this and other connections in encouraging and promoting the location of manufacturing industries in Akron, now known as one of the leading manufacturing cities of the same comparative population in the entire Union. In 1863 also Mr. Crouse became the financial manager for the local interests of C. Aultman & Company, of Canton, Ohio, who were erecting a branch factory in Akron, and later he became financial manager of the initial plant of what is now one of the greatest manufacturing concerns in Ohio—the Buckeye Mower & Reaper Works. When a stock company was organized and incorporated for the carrying forward of this industry, in 1865, Mr. Crouse became the first secretary and treasurer, and later was made president of the corporation, in which position he did much to further the upbuilding of the great enterprise. Few, indeed, of the larger and more substantial industrial concerns of Akron have failed to profit from the counsel and material co-operation of Mr. Crouse, and his reputation as a business man of great capacity and marked initiative power has been reinforced by years of productive energy and close application. In 1876 he was one of those concerned in the organization and incorporation of the Bank of Akron, and he was a director and executive officer of the institution until 1890, when he became president of the City National Bank, of which position he continued in tenure until 1893. For a time he was proprietor of the Akron Beacon, and in divers other channels of useful activity has his beneficent influence been exerted. In politics Mr. Crouse had ever given an unwavering allegiance to the Republican party, and in the promotion of its interests his efforts were admirably directed, the while he has been in turn honored by the party,. through which he had been chosen to various offices of public trust aside from those already mentioned. In 1872 he was elected county commissioner, and in this office he served three years. In 1885 he was the candidate of his party for the office of state senator and was HISTORY OF THE WESTERN RESERVE - 719 elected by a flattering majority. In the following year he was elected a member of congress, as representative of the Eighteenth congressional district of Ohio, and during his term he made his influence tangibly felt in the promotion of wise legislation. He was an able representative of a state that has sent to the halls of Congress many a distinguished citizen, and he was fully appreciative of the honor thus conferred upon him by his native commonwealth. In all that' pertains to the welfare and, progress of his home city Mr. Crouse had ever shown a lively and helpful interest. He served as a member of the city council and as president of the board of education. He was a member of the board of trustees of Buchtel College, one of the valued institutions of Akron, and one of his gifts to this college is the Crouse gymnasium, which stands as a perpetual monument to his generosity and public spirit. Mr. Crouse was a member of the Episcopal church and belonged to the Masonic fraternity. On the 18th of October, 1859, was solemnized the marriage of Mr. Crouse to Miss Martha K. Parsons, who was born in Portage county, Ohio, and is a daughter of the late Edward and Clementine (Kingsley) Parsons. Mr. and Mrs. Crouse have one son and four daughters : Martha P. Julia M., Mary R., Nellie J. and George W., Jr. The only son is a prominent manufacturer and representative business. man of Akron, where he is ably upholding the prestige of the honored name which he bears. Mr. Crouse, Sr., died February 20, 1905. ORLANDO JOHN HODGE.-A soldier of the Mexican .war, first clerk of the Cleveland police court ; president of the Connecticut senate; president of the Cleveland city council ; speaker of the Ohio House of Representatives ; editor and owner of an influential paper for a decade; president of the Early Settlers' Association ; president of the New England Society ; president of the Sons of the American Revolution ; vice-president of the Western Reserve Historical Society ; a qualified member of the bar ; a large owner and dealer in real estate, and president of various business corporations—these are .simply rough milestones in the broad, varied and useful career of Hon. Orlando J. Hodge, of Cleveland, a venerable citizen, now in his eighty-second year. He is one of the few men living who has been an active Republican from the founding of; the party, and who has voted for Lincoln and every Republican presidential candidate since. For many years he has also been a leader both in humane activities and legislation. The big humane society of Cleveland he founded nearly forty years ago, and now (1910) is its president. He has done much in the making of history himself, and is widely known in the literary field, both as an investigator and a contributor. Mr. Hodge comes of pioneer Connecticut stock, the reputed founder of the family in America being John Hodge, born March 4, 1643-4, and who was married, August 12, 1666, to Susanna Denslow, born September 3, 1646. His direct line then descends through Samuel, born October 4, 1686 ; Benjamin, born April 10, 1731 ; Benjamin H., born February 1, 1753 ; and Alfred, the father of Orlando J., born March 9, 1795. It is probable that John Hodge, the American progenitor, was born in Massachusetts. It is known that he was a farmer, and that he married, spent most of his life in Connecticut, and there died. So that it is historically logical to call the American branch of the family as of Connecticut origin. Alfred' Hodge married Miss Sophia English, daughter of Abel and Anna (Caulkins) English, and one of her grand.' fathers in the fourth generation back was Josiah Dewey, Admiral Dewey's grandfather in the sixth generation. The father, Alfred Hodge, who was a farmer, served in the war of 1812, and died July i 1, 1832. His wife was born in Lebanon, Connecticut, April 12, 1795, and died January 13, 1846, in Cleveland. Orlando J. Hodge is a native. of Hamburg, a town adjoining Buffalo, New York, and was born in a log house, November 25, 1828. His father died of cholera when the boy was less than four years old, and his mother died a few years later. Orlando became a permanent resident of Cleveland in 1842, where he was first employed in a printing office at a dollar a week and his board, his chief duty being to keep the forms properly inked with a big hand roller while the press work was in progress. In 1847 he was a volunteer in the Mexican war. On the way to the scene of operations, by way of New York, the Atlantic and the Gulf, the vessel on which he sailed was shipwrecked and lost, but he was rescued by a passing ship, taken to Cuba and then to Mexico. For sixteen months the youth carried an old flint musket, and then returned to Cleveland, with a good record. As a forcible reminder of the Mexican war and a com- 720 - HISTORY OF THE WESTERN RESERVE plete bar to further military duty on his part, ever since the war he has carried two wounds in his leg. His next serious business was to complete his education, for which purpose he attended the Geauga (Ohio). Seminary in 1849-51, during a portion of this period having as classmates James A. Garfield and his future wife, Miss Lucretia Rudolph; Two years afterward he was elected first clerk of the Cleveland police court, by the largest vote for any candidate for any office cast at that election. This was the commencement of a somewhat remarkable political and public career, extending into two states. In 1860 Colonel Hodge went to Litchfield county, Connecticut, on business connected with the settlement of an estate, and what he planned as a temporary stay was lengthened into a residence of seven years, crowded with important events of his life. In 1862 he was elected to the lower house of the Connecticut legislature, and to the senate in 1864 and 1865, serving as president of the upper house in the latter year, although he was the youngest member of the body. And the significance of the selection was doubly emphasized by the unanimous vote which placed him in the presiding chair. The period of his residence in Connecticut covered that of the Civil war. He was twice honored by Governor Buckingham by being sent to the front on special mis-. sions, thereby acting as a formally appointed representative of the state. Six years he was postmaster of the village of Robertsville, four years deputy United States collector of internal revenue and one year a member of the board of managers of Yale College. Certainly seven eventful and most creditable years. In 1867 Mr. Hodge returned to Cleveland, and a few years later was again called to serve the public. Three times he was elected to the city council (1871-77), being made president in 1876, and a fourth term in 1885-86, being again honored with the presidency. His career as a state legislator in Ohio began in 1873, with his election to the Ohio House of Representatives. Mr. Hodge served in the legislature four terms, being speaker pro tern. in 1875 and 1876, and speaker in 1882 and 1883. The constancy and the ability which he manifested in the support of Republicanism earned him the nomination for Congress, as a representative from the Twenty-first district, in 1892, but the Democratic landslide of that year, which elected Grover Cleveland, buried him, with other party candidates. Since that year, although his standing with the party and the public is as high as ever, he has not been. active in politics, leaving the field to younger leaders. Mr. Hodge's journalistic career extended from 1878 to 1889, during which period he was editor and chief owner of the Sun, and Voice. In 1890 .he published the "Hodge Genealogy," and, in 1892, "Reminiscences.” He has been identified with the Chamber of Commerce during its entire existence, being: one of the members of the original Board of Trade, organized July 7, 1848. In 1893 he became president of the Economy Building. and Loan Company, and has been at its head ever since ; is also president of, the Lion Oil Company, and, as stated, has long been a. large dealer in and owner of real estate. In the course of his long and active business career there is no one circumstance in,: which, Mr. Hodge takes more pride than. that he has never been sued for a debt or the non-fulfilment of an agreement. A large portion of Mr. Hodge's time, earnestness and executive ability have been devoted in more recent years to the guidance of institutions of a literary, social and charitable nature. He is one of the veteran Odd Fellows of the United States, having joined the order in 1858, and for a number' of years was a member of the Union ,and. Colonial Clubs. Albeit he has never engaged in active practice, Colonel Hodge was admitted: to the bar by the supreme court of Ohio in 1874, and his military title was authorized in 1889, by appointment and service on the staff of Governor J. B. Foraker. On October 15, 1855, Mr. Hodge married Miss' Lydia R. Doan, who died September 13, 1879, and their only child, Clark R. Hodge, who was born July 16, 1857, died November 29, 1880. He wedded his second wife, Vir ginia Shedd Clark, on April 25, 1882. Mrs. Hodge is a daughter of Edmond Earl and Aurelia Edna (Thompson) Shedd, her father being the oldest and. leading wholesale grocer of Columbus, Ohio. She is a graduate of. the high school of that city, and has been. prominent for some years in the Daughters of the American Revolution, having served as a state regent of the national organization and as its vice-president. Mr. and Mrs. Hodge reside in a beautiful home at 4120 Euclid avenue, although they are persistent and enthusiastic. travelers. Together they have journeyed over a distance which would encircle the globe more than three times, having visited every state and territory in the Union and extended their delightful pilgrimages through HISTORY OF THE WESTERN RESERVE - 721 old Mexico, the West Indies, Hawaiian Islands, Africa and all parts of Europe. Upon one of their trips they reached the Arctic Cape at the most favorable opportunity for witnessing the solemn glories of the northern heavens, and for five days the midnight sun was never beyond their range of vision. The experience is something to recount in every waking hour of a lifetime, as well as to live Over in one's dreams. JAIRUS R. KENNAN.—In two important professions has Judge Jairus R. Kennan achieved to success and prestige—those of pedagogy and the law—and his career has been marked by signal enthusiasm, close application and generous accomplishments in his chosen fields of endeavor. He is now incumbent of the office of judge of the probate court of Medina county and is one of the best known and most honored citizens of Medina, in which city he was for more than a score of years superintendent of the public schools. Judge Kennan is a representative of one of the sterling pioneer families of the Western Reserve, within whose borders his life thus far has been passed. He was born in the city of Norwalk, Huron county, Ohio, on the 17th of July, 185o, and is a son of Jairus and Charlotte (Gardiner) Kennan, the former of whom was born in Moira, Franklin county, New York, in 1813, and the latter of whom was a native of Connecticut, where she was born in 1814. The father, who was a son of Rev. Thomas Kennan, a clergyman of the Presbyterian church, was reared and educated in the old Empire state of the Union, where he continued to reside until about the year 1832, when he came to Ohio, where he passed the residue of his life. He devoted his attention to the practice of law, and for many years prior to his death was a resident of Norwalk, where he died in the year 1872. His wife, who was a daughter of William Gardiner, a sea captain, long resident of New London, Connecticut, survived him by nearly a score of years, as her death occurred in the city of Springfield, Ohio, in 1888. She was a sister of John Gardiner, long one of the leading bankers and influential citizens of that place. Jairus and Charlotte (Gardiner) Kennan became the parents of nine children, of whom five are living. The parents were zealous members of the Presbyterian church, and in politics the father supported the cause of the Republican party from the time of its organization until his demise. Judge Kennan is indebted to the public schools of his native city for his early education, which included a course in the high school. After the completion of. this curriculum he was matriculated in Western Reserve College (now Western Reserve University), in the city of Cleveland, in which institution he was graduated as a member of the class . of 1871, and from which he received his well. earned degrees of Bachelor of Arts and Master of Arts. After his graduation he devoted . seven years, to teaching in the public schools in various parts of the Western Reserve, and he then began reading law under the preceptorship of his older brother, Colonel Cortland L. Kennan, of Norwalk. He made rapid and substantial progress in his absorption and . assimilation of the science of jurisprudence, and in 1879 he was admitted to the bar of his native state, upon examination before the Ohio supreme court, in Columbus. He forthwith entered into a professional partnership With his brother, with whom he was associated in the active and successful practice of law in Norwalk until 1885, when, yielding to insistent importunities, he became principal of one of the public schools of that city, where he again did most effective work in the pedagogic profession. In the following year, however, he came to Medina and assumed the position of superintendent of the public schools of this city, where the most significant and emphatic voucher for his able service and the popular appreciation thereof is that afforded in the fact that he retained the incumbency for the long period of twenty-two years. To him the public schools of Medina owe much for their well defined and practical system of work and their general high standing. Many of those who came under his direction during their student days, and who hold him in lasting esteem, are today prominent and successful in various useful vocations---a fact that remains to him a source of profound gratification, as measurably representing the tangible 'results of his earnest efforts and his personal influence. In March, 1908, Judge Kennan was made the Republican nominee for the office of judge of the probate court of Medina county, and in the following November he was elected by a majority which amply testified to his personal popularity in the. county. He forthwith 722 - HISTORY OF THE WESTERN RESERVE resigned his position as superintendent of schools, and has since given his undivided attention to the affairs of his court, where his administration is proving as fully admirable as the marked ability and fidelity of the incumbent would naturally suggest. He assumed the duties of the office in February, 1909. Judge Kennan is a man of fine intellectuality and broad mental ken, and while a natural student he has never lacked in the powers of practical and productive application, as his labors in his various fields of endeavor amply indicate. For twenty years he held, in addition to his position of superintendent of the schools of the city of Medina, the office of school examiner for the county. In politics the judge has ever been arrayed as a stalwart supporter of the principles and policies for which the Republican party stands sponsor, and he has rendered effective service in its cause. He and his wife are zealous members of the Congregational church, and he is affiliated with Medina Lodge, .No. 58, Free & Accepted Masons ; Medina Chapter, No. 30, Royal Arch Masons ; Morning Star Lodge, No. 26, Independent Order of Odd Fellows, and with Evening Star Encampment, No. 300, a branch of the Odd Fellows organization, in which he has served as deputy grand master of the grand encampment of the state of Ohio. On the 1st of May, 1882, Judge Kennan was united in marriage to Miss Cora E. Pickard, of Norwalk, Ohio, who was born and reared in the state of New York, where she received excellent educational advantages, and where she was a successful teacher for one term. She is a daughter of James H. Pickard, who removed with his family from New York to Kalamazoo, Michigan, where both he and his wife died. Judge and Mrs. Kennan have two children : Ruth, who is a 'popular teacher in the public schools of East Cleveland; Cuyahoga county, Ohio, at the time of this writing, in 1909 ; and Edward, who is a member of the class of 1909 in the Medina high school. HON. JEROME B. BURROWS.—The subject of this sketch was born at North East, Pennsylvania, January 18, 1834. His parents, William and Maria (Smith) Burrows, were born in 1795 and married in 1818. His father was a. native of Connecticut, and his mother of Massachusetts, and at the time of their marriage he was a farmer and she a school teacher. Judge Burrows has no certain knowledge of his ancestors beyond his grandparents, who migrated from New England early in the nineteenth century, the Burrows family going to Chautauqua county, New York, in the vicinity of Jamestown, and the Smith family settling permanently at North Amherst, Lorain county, Ohio. William Burrows was the youngest of a family of nine children, and he reared a family of eight children, one daughter and seven sons. At the beginning of his married life he was substantially empty-handed, but was always able to provide his family abundantly with such advantages and comforts as were then found in the homes of prosperous farmers. He resided in Chautauqua county until 1832 and then for eighteen years at North East, Erie county, Pennsylvania, when, in the spring of 1850, he removed to Ohio and purchased a farm in Ashtabula county, in the vicinity of the famous Kingsville Academy, with the view of giving his children the advantages of that school. Subsequently he purchased a -farm near Geneva, in the same county, and spent the last ten years of his life in that village. Both he and his wife had been members of the Baptist church from their youth, but their outspoken opposition to slavery became grievous to their brethren, and compelled them to associate with another denomination. Whatever equipment their children had with which to begin the battle of life should be credited mainly to the salutary and inspiring influences of the parental home. It is, perhaps, unnecessary to say that the children were by inheritance hostile to slavery. In the early spring of 1856 Judge Burrows, with an older brother, Hamilton, who had served in the war with Mexico, went to Lawrence, Kansas, and joined the militia organized to protect the Free State settlers in that territory, and remained there until Jim Lane, with his forces, came to the rescue in July. The parental influence was again in evidence when the Civil war came. The six sons then living enlisted in the Union army in the spring and summer of 1861, and their combined service aggregated fifteen years. Two served as captains, two as lieutenants and one as chaplain. Dr. S. S. Burrows entered the service as assistant surgeon of a regiment, and was soon advanced to the position of surgeon. The salient features in Judge Burrows' career may be summarized as follows : He began teaching school in the fall of 1849, and conducted district and select schools dur- HISTORY OF THE WESTERN RESERVE - 723 ing each winter until the spring of 1855. He attended school during the spring and fall terms, first at Kingsville Academy, and afterward at Allegheny College and Oberlin. College ; but did not finish the college course. In 1853 he began the study of law in a desultory way as opportunity offered, and in 1855 devoted to it his entire time. He was admitted to the bar in January, 1856, at Madison, Wisconsin, while serving for a few months as deputy clerk of the supreme court of that state. After his return from Kansas, in the fall of 1856, he was married to Clara E. Woodruff, of Geneva, whose grandfather was a Revolutionary soldier, and whose father came to the Western Reserve in 1820 ; opened a law office in that village, and had secured a fair practice for a beginner when the war closed his office. On April 21, 1861, he went as sergeant with the Geneva gun squad of the Cleveland Light Artillery, commanded by Colonel James Barnett, into the three months' service. This battery participated in the opening engagement of the war at Phillipi, West Virginia, and also in the affair at Laurel Hill and the battle at Carrick's Ford. After the termination of the three months' service, he was deputed by Senator Benjamin F. Wade and Congressman John Hutchins to recruit a battery of artillery which the secretary of war had authorized them to raise. This battery he mustered into the United States service at Camp Wade, Cleveland, Ohio, in September, 1861, as the Fourteenth Ohio Battery. Afterward, while preparing for the field at Camp Dennison, Judge Burrows, by order of Governor Dennison, recruited the Fifteenth Ohio Battery, with the assurance that the two batteries should go into the field together under command of a major ; but as this proposed arrangement was not sanctioned at Washington, Edward Spear, Jr., of Warren, Ohio, first lieutenant of the Fourteenth, was elected captain of the Fifteenth Battery, and the two batteries remained thereafter distinct organizations. The record of the Fourteenth Ohio Battery is its best eulogy. The full complement of one hundred fifty-six men was .maintained ; and, as an exception, this battery was allowed to retain its six guns after the order made by General Grant, in 1862, reducing field batteries in his army to four guns. The full roster of its officers and men during the war was three hundred ten ; and the battery was never lacking in equipment or readiness to meet every demand made upon it. For more than three years Judge Burrows commanded this battery, except during the time he was absent on account of wounds received in the battle of Shiloh, and the few months that he served as chief of artillery of a division. He left the service by discharge on account of sickness, and for nearly a year thereafter was unable to do any work. In August, 1865, Judge Burrows opened a law office in Painesville, Ohio, and for thirty years active and successfully engaged in the practice of his profession, by which he acquired an excellent standing as a lawyer and a modest competence for his family. During this thirty years he was erected prosecuting attorney in 1867, state senator in 1868, mayor of Painesville in 188o and 1882, and member of the board of education for several terms. In June, 1895, he was appointed circuit judge by Governor McKinley, to fill the vacancy caused by the death of Hon. Hamilton B. Woodbury, of Ashtabula county. At the fall election this appointment was ratified, and thereafter he was nominated and elected for two successive terms without opposition. In 1908, notwithstanding the large increase in salary and the assurance of the bar of the fourteen counties comprising the Seventh circuit that his candidacy for another term was generally desired, he decided to retire ; and when his term was afterwards extended two years under the law by the death of his elected successor, Hon. E. E. Roberts, he resigned the office in December, 1908. At the meeting of the Ohio State Bar Association in July, 1909, Judge Burrows was chosen its president for the ensuing year ; and at the fall election, having been persuaded against his inclination to stand as a candidate, he was elected mayor of the city of Painesville. Jerome Smith Burrows, his only surviving child, and the only surviving grandson of William Burrows, was educated at Adelbert College, Western Reserve University, admitted to the bar, and drifted into newspaper work. He commanded a company of volunteer infantry in the Spanish-American war, was afterwards appointed aide-de-camp on the staff of Governor Nash, with the rank of colonel, and for many years has been the managing owner and editor of the Painesville Telegraph and Painesville Telegraph-Republican. HON. CALEB HATHAWAY GALLUP, of Norwalk, has been among the most prominent members of the Huron county bar for half a 724 - HISTORY OF THE WESTERN RESERVE century. More than forty years ago, then in the early thirties of his life, he was serving in the legislature of Michigan and pushing the first telegraph line along the west coast of Lake Huron. Later, he was a leader in the promotion of railroad building through the Western Reserve, and at a comparatively recent day was interested in the construction and operation of the Toledo, Fremont & Norwalk Electric Railway. Almost a lifelong resident of Norwalk, he has been potent in the development not only of the professional and material life of northern Ohio but of its artistic, scientific, historical and charitable institutions, and while leaving a strong impress on the past, he has never allowed his interest to flag in the activities of the present or the promise of the future. Although he has been retired for some years from the active practice of the law, he is still connected: with many large interests of his home city and is president of the Home Savings & Loan Company of Norwalk, to which he was elected in 1888, when, with several friends, he founded the institution. Mr. Gallup has been a life member of the Whittlesey Academy of Arts and Sciences since 1877 ; chairman of its trustees since 1878, and its treasurer since 1901. Since 1876 he has been a life member of the Firelands Historical Society, and a trustee, librarian and curator of its museum, editor of its publications since 1888, and was elected its president at its fiftieth annual meeting, July 22, 1909. He was also recently chosen a life member of the Ohio Archological and Historical Society, and, commenting upon his selection as an executive trustee of that organization in March, 1909, Hon. E. O. Randall, its secretary and editor, says : "Mr. Gallup is known throughout the country for his historical scholarship and for the active and extensive work he has done in connection with the Firelands Historical Society, of which he has been an influential and official member for a number of years. He has always been an enthusiastic student of Ohio and western history, and has written much that is interest, ing and accurate concerning the early settlement of the Buckeye state." Mr. Gallup is further identified in membership with the National Geographical Society, and, locally, is actively connected with the Norwalk Board of Commerce ; the Young Men's Library and Reading Room Association (free public library), having been chairman of its executive committee since. 1903 ; and with the Huron County Children's Home Association, of which he has been a trustee since 1889 and treasurer since 1902. Such, facts as these fully sustain any general assertions which may be made regarding the breadth, strength and beneficence of Mr. Gallup's influence. The American ancestry of Caleb H. Gallup. reverts to John. Gallup, who was born in 1590 and in 1630 emigrated from his native parish of Mosterne,. Dorsetshire, England, and was one of a, hundred and forty persons who organized a Congregational church at old Plymouth just prior to sailing for New England in the little ship "Mary. and John," on the 20th of March, 1630. On the 30th of May the colony arrived at Nantasket (Hull), Massachusetts, under the guidance of .Rev. John Warham and .Rev. John Maverick, their pastor. and teacher. As noted in the old town records : "They were a. very godly and- religious people and many of them persons of note and figure, being dignified with the title of Mr., which few were in those clays;. Some of the principal men were Mr. Rosseter, Mr. Ludlow, Mr. Glover, Mr. Gallup and others." The wives of Governor Winthrop and Mr. Gallup were sisters, and the latter became the owner of Gallup's Island, off Boston harbor, obtain- ing his title by grant from his even more historical brother-in-law. A skilful mariner, John Gallup also served as commander in the first naval action fought in North American: waters —that near Block Island, Rhode Island, which avenged the murder of his friend, Captain John Oldham, by Indians, in the Pequot war of 1637. His son, John (2), also was a participant' in that engagement, and was a captain in the fearful "swamp fight" of King Philip's war, which occurred at Narragansett (South Kingston, Rhode Island), December 19, 1675, and numbered him as one of its victims. Shortly before the commencement of hostilities, a friendly Indian had presented him with a wampum belt which was supposed to be a warning of the impending conflict. This historical relic has been carefully pre' served by the family and is now in the museum of the Firelands Historical Society. John Gallup (2), who married Hannah Lake, was the father of ten children, of whom Benadum was the fourth. The direct line of descent is then through Lieutenant Benadum, William (5) and William (6), to Hallet, the father of Caleb Hathaway. William, of the fifth American generation, Was living at Kings- HISTORY OF THE WESTERN RESERVE - 725 ton, Pennsylvania, with seven children, at the time of the Wyoming massacre of 1778. His son Hallet (twenty-two years of age) escaped death by floating down the Susquehanna river, patrolled by hostile Indians, with his body under water and his face between two rails grasped in his hands. Twin daughters, five years of age, were carried off by the savages as pretty prizes, but were soon ransomed. His son, William (6), was the fourth of seven children, and was the grandfather of Mr. Gallup. The father, Hallet, was an artillery gunner in Captain Thomas' company of Pennsylvania volunteers, and served under General William Henry Harrison in the war of 1812. He was born in 1796, married Clarissa Benedict, (laughter of Platt and Sally DeForest Benedict, first settlers of Norwalk. The maternal grandfather, Platt Benedict, was one of the promoters of the Firelands Historical So ciety and its president from its organization in 1857 to his death, in .1866. Eight children were born to Mr. and Mrs. Hallet Gallup : Catherine, Maria, Lydia, Carroll, Sarah, Eliza, Caleb Hathaway and Elizabeth F. Caleb Hathaway Gallup was born at Norwalk, Ohio, do the 10th of May, 1834 ; learned the full meaning of hard work and industry on a farm, and received his early education in the union schools of his native town.. In 1854, after being employed for a year in the county clerk's office, he entered the freshman class at Denison University, Granville, Ohio, and in the fall of that year continued his studies at Madison University (now Colgate), at Hamilton, New York, where he secured the founding of Mu Chapter of Delta Kappa Epsilon. In 1856 he graduated from that institution as Bachelor of Sciences, and then, until the fall of 1857, studied law in the office of Worcester & Pennewell, at Norwalk. Mr. Gallup next pursued a course in the Cincinnati Law School, from which he graduated April 15, 1858, as Bachelor of Laws, being admitted to the bar of Michigan, July 19th of the succeeding year. Elected prosecuting attorney of Huron county, Michigan, in 1860, he ably filled that office by re-election for ten consecutive years, also serving in 1866-67 in the Michigan house of representatives. His work as a legislator was largely devoted to the improvement of the waterways of his district, among his creations in that, connection being the harbor of refuge on Lake Huron, near Point au Barques. In 1868 he secured the erection of seventy miles of telegraph poles from Lexington to Port Austin, Michigan, and from Anson G. Stager, of the Western Union Telegraph Company, the completion of the first telegraph line along the west coast of Lake Huron. In 1863-65 he was deputy United States marshal specially detailed to assist in the enforcement of the draft, and served as a member of the Ohio National Guard in 1877-82. From 1873 to 1883 he was largely interested in the construction of the Wheeling & Lake Erie Railroad, serving. on its directorate in 1877-79, and in 1899 he became a director and executive committeeman in the building and operation of the Toledo, Fremont & Norwalk Electric Railway, and thus continued until the sale of the line in 1901 to the Lake Shore Electric Company. His other important connections with intellectual and charitable institutions of a local, state and national character have already been detailed, and there yet remains to be noted the most important phase of his life, and that of every sound-hearted American—his domestic record and relations. Mr. Gallup has been twice marriedfirst, to Miss Kate V. Vredenburgh, of an old New York family, descended' from its pioneer Dutch settlers. Their union occurred June 20, 1860, and their one son, Richard Carroll, was nineteen months old at the time of his mother's death, May 25, 1863. The second marriage, November 3, 1869, was to Miss Helen Alphena Glover, niece of Hon. Joel Parker, war governor of New Jersey, and her death, April 8, 1872, leaving a daughter, Mabel Parker, eighteen months old, and a son, Herbert Alpheus, four days old, caused the return of the father to his old home at Norwalk. There he has since continuously resided, still a stanch actor of today and a maker of history, as well as an honored recorder of it. CLARK H. NYE, probate judge of Lake county, and long identified with its educational and public progress, is a native of Concord, that county, where he was born on the 12th of January, 1858. His parents were Henry C. and Almena E. (Clark) Nye, both also born in Concord—the former June 20, 1826, and the latter December 27, 1823. Judge Nye's father was the tenth son of Ebenezer, a very early pioneer of this section of the Western Reserve, and his mother was the second daughter of Ahira Clark, also an old settler of the county. 726 - HISTORY OF THE WESTERN RESERVE After obtaining a common-school education, Clark H. Nye completed a course in Oberlin College, from which he graduated in the class of 1884. His early educational career covers several years thereafter, and the scenes of his work were in Ohio, Illinois (Cook county) and Idaho (Kenyon county). In 1887 Mr. Nye was admitted to the bar at Ottawa, Illinois, having previously pursued his studies at Elgin. He then spent a year on the United States Geological Survey in Idaho, and upon his return to Ohio, in 1890, worked on a farm and taught school for the succeeding five years. In 1895 he was admitted to the bar of Lake county, and until February 9, 1903, conducted a growing practice at Painesville. Since that date he has served with discretion, impartiality and ability as probate judge. In politics, the judge has been a Republican, having been assessor and justice of the peace for some years before ascending the bench. As to his religious faith, he is a Congregationalist, and in the furtherance of charitable movements has been particularly prominent in: hospital work, for the past four years having been one of the most active trustees of the Painesville Hospital Association. On June 6, 1894, Judge Nye was united in marriage with Miss Eleanor S. Murray, who was educated at Lake Erie College, and is the daughter of George and Alvira (Garrett) Murray. Her father was a leading farmer and stock buyer of Concord, where the marriage occurred. The child of this union is Raymond M. Nye, born at Painesville, Ohio, on the 1st of September, 1899. DAVID J. NYE.—Few men at the Ohio bar and on the bench deserve greater credit for the position attained than the Hon. David J. Nye, who was for ten years one of the judges of the court of common pleas for the district embracing Lorain, Medina and Summit counties. David J. Nye was born in the town of Ellicott, Chautauqua county, New York, on the 8th day of December, 1843. His father, Curtis F. Nye, was a native of Vermont, and as a young man removed to New York, settling in the central part of the state with his parents. When of age he removed to Chautauqua county, where his son David was born. When David was about five years of age his father moved to Otto, Cattaraugus county, where the .son received his early training. His mother, Jerusha Susan Walkup, was also a native of Vermont, settling with her parents in New York while in her girlhood. Young Nye attended the district schools until he was eighteen years of age, devoting much time during this period to work on his father's farm. He then entered Randolph Academy for the spring and fall terms of 1862, and in the winter taught district school, returning in the spring of 1863 to Randolph for one term, and the following winter taught near the academy. In 1864, upon the invitation of a friend, he came to Cuyahoga county, and taught school for four months in Bedford township. The following spring he returned to New York, remaining until fall. He then settled in Ohio, teaching school in Boston, Summit county, for the winter of 1865 and 1866. In the spring of 1866 he entered Oberlin College in the preparatory department. Up to this period he had taught school during the winters and worked on the farm in the summer. In 1867 he entered the freshman class, and thus his collegiate course commenced. He continued to teach school during the winters, but, however, applied himself with such diligence as to take an honorable position in the class, passing all the examinations required of him with credit, just the same as if his attendance had been regular, completing his college education in the prescribed term of four years, and receiving his degree of Bachelor of Arts in 1871. In July, 1883, Oberlin College conferred upon Mr. Nye the degree of Master of Arts. Not only was he able to maintain his literary standing as a student in college, after giving one-third of his time to the work of teaching, but during the senior year he filled the position of superintendent of schools at Milan, Erie county, to the entire satisfaction of the board of education. More than this,, he found time to keep up the study of law. The bent of his mind from early boyhood had been toward the law, and his determination to qualify himself for the profession was firmly fixed even before he began to teach. Upon entering Oberlin College he bought a copy of Blackstone, which he studied assiduously during his leisure hours. There seemed to be no limit to his capacity to read and study, or to his versatility. He could manage a large public school, teach some of its classes, and hold steadily to his course in classical, psychological and literary studies, at the same time mastering the fundamental principles of law as laid down by Blackstone. After he received his degree, and at the solicitation of the board of education of the Milan HISTORY OF. THE WESTERN RESERVE - 727 schools, he accepted the superintendency for another year, in the meantime pursuing the study of law. He was admitted to the bar at Elyria in August, 1872. From the time he entered Randolph Academy until he was admitted to the bar he paid all his expenses by his own labor, receiving no financial aid from any other source. In October following his admission to the bar he went West, locating at Emporia, Kansas, where he engaged in the practice of his profession. Finding that a residence there would not be congenial to his taste, five months later, in March, 1873, he returned to Ohio, and entered the office of John C. Hale at Elyria (later judge of the eighth circuit). Here he pursued the study of law under the direction of Judge Hale for one year. In 1874, being qualified and self-reliant, he opened an office at Elyria and proceeded to build up a practice. He continued in active practice for seventeen years, and during this period established himself in the confidence not only of the profession but of the public in general. He served as prosecuting attorney of Lorain county from 1882 to 1885, and was also county school examiner for a time, and a member of the board of education and member of the city council at Elyria. In 1891, when it became necessary to elect a judge of the court of common pleas, several aspirants for the honor presented themselves. The attorneys of Lorain county agreed among themselves that the Republican members of the bar should choose the candidate of the party to be supported by the attorneys of Lorain county, and that their choice should receive their unanimous support. In pursuance of this agreement Mr. Nye was chosen. He received the nomination of his party at Medina in July, 1891, and was elected in November following, and entered upon the discharge of his official duties on the 9th day of February, 1892. His record as a judge has tended to confirm the public estimate of his character and to advance his reputation in the profession. It could be truly said of him that he is an excellent lawyer and an able jurist. Always successful as a practitioner, his work upon the bench was equally successful, and it can be said that as a judge he has done what but few jurists have ever accomplished—made himself not only satisfactory to lawyers, but to litigants. Being a man of good business attainments, possessed of an accurate knowledge of the law, his advice to clients and services in Vol. II-2 their behalf have won for him an excellent position at the bar. As a lawyer and a judge he has achieved success and occupies an honorable position. As a judge he took great pains to examine the authorities submitted by counsel and to obtain .a correct and. clear understanding of the law as well as the :evidence in the case, being careful and conscientious because he was actuated less by pride of opinion than by a desire to reach a correct conclusion. His judicial opinions were not. only plain and easily followed, but they were usually strong enough to bear review by a higher court. In one important case involving the right to have debts deducted from national bank stock for taxation, Judge Nye held that such deductions could not be made under the laws of Ohio. This decision was afterwards affirmed by the supreme court of the state of Ohio and of the United States. During his service on the bench but ,one criminal case was reversed that he tried. After serving upon the bench for two terms, Judge Nye retired in 1902 and opened an office for the general practice of law in his home town. He is a stockholder in the Perry-Fay Company, of. Elyria, which manufactures screw machine products, and a stockholder and president of the Century Building Company and the Washington Terrace Company, both of Elyria. In politics Judge Nye is a Republican and thoroughly grounded in the principles of his party. Socially he is a member of the Masonic order, being a Knight Templar and Ancient and Accepted Scottish Rite Mason. In 1880 Judge Nye married Luna, daughter of Alfred Fisher, of Cuyahoga county, Ohio, a highly respected citizen, being one of the early pioneers who settled at Independence. Mrs. Nye is a true and faithful wife, an affectionate and devoted mother. By this union there are two sons, David Fisher Nye, born October 27, 1882, and Horace Hastings Nye, born August 4, 1884. The older son graduated from Oberlin College with the class of 1906 and later took up the study of law at.the law school of Western Reserve University, where in 1909 he received the degree of LL. B. and was admitted to" the bar. The same year, Judge Nye and his son formed a partnership under the firm name of D. J. & D. F. Nye, and are now actively engaged in the general practice of law at Elyria. The younger son graduated from Oberlin College with the class of 1908 and has since been engaged in the newspaper business. 728 - HISTORY OF THE WESTERN RESERVE HON. AMOS RICHARD WEBBER.—Among the leading members of the Lorain county bar is Hon. Amos Richard Webber, an ex-judge and ex-congressman, who is exceptionally equipped for his profession, as well by natural gifts and temperament as by mental attainments, untiring industry and incorruptible integrity. The field of his labors is varied and extensive, and his many successes have won for him a well merited reputation. A native of Ohio, he was born January 1, 1852, in Hinckley, Medina county, of English stock, his great-grandfather, Joseph Webber, the emigrant ancestor, having come from England to the United States, locating in New England. Rev. Richard Webber, the judge's grandfather, settled in Medina county, Ohio, in early pioneer days. He was a preacher of much eloquence and force, and accomplished much good throughout that part of the state. He possessed a charity, benevolence and sympathy that won the love of all who knew him, and his wisdom in counsel was often sought, and usually followed. The judge's father, George E. Webber, was born in Massachusetts, and as a boy of fourteen years came with the family to Ohio. Subsequently returning to his native state, he learned the moulder's trade, and when ready to begin life for himself, established, in Hinckley, M.edina county, Ohio, a foundry, which he operated twenty years. His health becoming impaired, he afterwards spent a number of seasons on a farm, recuperating. Recovering his former physical vigor, he established a foundry for the manufacture of hollow iron ware in Medina, Ohio, and in its management became quite successful, his business developing into one of the more important industries of the place. He married Jane Woodruff, who prior to her marriage taught school in Hinckley a number of terms. Her father. Amos Woodruff,. a shoemaker in Hinckley, was the first abolitionist in. Hinckley township, Medina county, and his house was a station in the "Underground Railway." He was strongly opposed to slavery, which he lived to see abolished. Having laid a substantial foundation for his future education in the public schools, Amos R. Webber was graduated from Baldwin University, in Berea. Subsequently studying law, he was admitted to the bar in 1876, and the same year began the practice of his profession in Elyria. In 1887 he was elected prosecuting attorney for Lorain county, and was re-elected, holding the office until 1894. Afterwards elected to the court of common pleas, Judge Webber served upon the bench practically three years, resigning the position to accept the nomination for Congress to fill an unexpired term caused by the death of the member from the Fourteenth district, and was subsequently elected for a full term as congressman. At the expiration of that term, the judge was defeated for renomination on the ground of his activity against the rum power—a power which he has consistently fought all of his life. His renomination was also denied by reason of his repudiation of the then governor, Myron T. Herrick. Beginning his active opposition to saloons a full quarter of a century ago, the judge has made a brave fight all over the state of Ohio, and is just as aggressive now as ever. While in Congress, he introduced a bill to abolish saloons in the District of Columbia, and in the capital city addressed many large gatherings, hoping to arouse the people to concerted action in favor of the bill. They rallied to the number of several thousand, and marched to the capitol on the day the bill was brought before the committee. The final action of the committee was held under lock and key, and the committee which passed the bill tried to gag the members to secrecy, but failed. The bill was not reported, but was turned down by a majority of the committee. Since leaving Congress, Judge Webber has continued the practice of his profession in Elyria, where he has a large and remunerative clientage. On May 17, 1875, Judge Webber married Ida E. Finch, and of their union two sons have been born : Gilbert W. and Lawrence N. Mrs. Webber died in Washington, while he was a member of Congress. He married again, Miss Nettie Finch, of Anna, Illinois. GEORGE J. DAMON, M. D.—One of the most exacting of all vocations to which man may turn his attention is that of the physician and surgeon, and in the same success comes alone to those who are willing to subordinate to its demands all other interests and to realize how great are the issues in it involved. Dr. George J. Damon is recognized as one of the representative members of his profession in the Western Reserve, is an able exponent of the beneficent homeopathic school of practice, as exemplified in its most modern and liberal system; and is engaged in successful HISTORY OF THE WESTERN RESERVE - 729 practice in the city of Medina, the flourishing judicial center of the county of the same name. He is a member of one of the honored pioneer families of this county, which has represented his home from the time of his birth, and has also been the scene of his effective labors in his humane profession, in which his success has been of the most unequivocal order. Dr. Damon was born in Hinckley township, Medina county, Ohio, on the 31st of March, 1858, and is a son of Julius and Kate M. (Babcock) Damon, the former of whom was born in Northampton, Berkshire county, Massachusetts, on the 3d of November, 1824, and the latter was born in Michigan, a daughter of Joshua Babcock. She removed to Medina county when a young lady. Julius Damon was a son of Nathan and Hannah (Shaw) Damon, and was about three years of age at the time of the family removal from the old Bay state to Ohio, in 1827. His father settled in Hinckley township, Medina county, where he reclaimed a farm from the virgin forest, and where he and his wife passed the residue of their lives, honored pioneers of this favored section of the Western Reserve, where they lived and labored to goodly ends and contributed their quota to the development of the county. In Hinckley township Julius Damon was reared to maturity on the home farm, in whose work he early began to lend his aid, and his educational advantages were such as were afforded in the somewhat primitive schools of the pioneer epoch. He was reared in Hinckley township, where he became the owner of a valuable landed estate, and where he devoted his active career to diversified agriculture and to the raising of high grades of live stock. He was one of the popular and influential citizens of that township, was a man of impregnable integrity and honor, and ever commanded the esteem of all who knew him. He was a stanch advocate of the principles of the Republican party, and was called upon to serve in various township offices. His death occurred on the old homestead, Septembre 15, 1894, and his cherished and devoted wife was summoned to the life eternal on the 3oth of March, 1900. They became the parents of four children : Ella, who is the wife of Frank Tennant, of Bay City, Michigan ; George J., of this sketch ; Herbert L., who is a representative farmer of Hinckley township ; and Lula J., who is the wife of James Eastwood, a prosperous farmer on the old homestead. Dr. George J. Damon completed the curriculum of the public schools of West Richfield, Medina county, after which he entered the high school in the city of Cleveland, which he attended three years. Thereafter he taught for two terms in the district schools of his native county, after which he began the study of medicine under the preceptorship of Dr. J. L. Bean, of Medina. After effective preliminary work under these favorable conditions, he was matriculated in the Cleveland Homeopathic Hospital College, in which institution he was graduated as a member of the class of 1886, and from which he received his well earned degree of Doctor of Medicine. After his graduation he returned to his home in Hinckley township, where he was engaged in practice for eighteen months, at the expiration of which he located in the city of Medina, which has continued the headquarters of his labors in his profession during the long intervening period of more than twenty years. He has ever continued a close student of both branches of his profession. He is a valued member of the Eastern Ohio Homeopathic Medical Society, of which he was formerly president, and is identified also with the Ohio Homeopathic Medical Society, the American Institute of Homeopathy, and the Cleveland Central Homeopathic Medical Society. He is also a censor of the Cleveland Homeopathic Medical College, his alma mater. Dr. Damon is a stockholder in the Medina County National Bank, of whose directorate he is a member, and is also a stockholder in both the Wood Lumber Company and the Medina Telephone Company, and also a director of both those companies. He was president of the United States Building and Loan Association of Akron for some time, and also a director. He is the owner of three well improved farms, located in Hinckley, York and Montville townships, Medina county, and in addition to general agricultural utilization each of these farms is well stocked with excellent grades of horses, sheep and cattle. Loyal and public-spirited as a citizen, the doctor manifests a lively interest in all that tends to promote the welfare of his home city and county, and in politics he gives his allegiance to the Republican party. He served several years as a member of the board of education in Medina, and also as a member of the board 730 - HISTORY OF THE WESTERN RESERVE of trustees of the Disciples church. In a fraternal way he is affiliated with the Knights of Pythias: He is a man of gracious personality —one of "cheerful yesterdays and confident to-morrows"—and his circle of friends is circumscribed only by that of his acquaintanceship. He and his wife are members of the Disciples church, and their attractive home is known for its generous and refined hospitality. In 1884 Dr. Damon was united in marriage. to Miss Perlea E. Green, who was born and reared in Royalton, her father being the late C. J. Green, an early settler of Hinckley. Dr. and Mrs. Damon have one daughter, Eulalia, and one son, Virgil G., both of whom are ( 1909) students in the Medina high school. CAPTAIN EDWIN G. HUNTINGTON is the only living descendant in Lake county, Ohio, of the. family name that has helped to make history in two different states. Among his ancestors was the governor of Ohio from 1808 to 1810, and who was also one of the founders of the town of Fairport, and one of the true pioneers of the beautiful and inviting country about the mouth of Grand river. He was a son of Governor Julian C. Huntington, of Connecticut, who during the later years, of the eighteenth century was sent to the Western Reserve by .his father to protect the interests of the Connecticut Land Company, which embraced most all of the land on which the city of Cleveland is now built. The records show that in 1801 Mr. Huntington acquired possession of this land, but, becoming infatuated with the terri- tory at the mouth of Grand river, he sold it and deserted the Cuyahoga region, which has since become the location of the greatest city of Ohio. Coming to what is now Fairport, he purchased what is yet known as the Huntington farm. During the war of 1812 he served as a major-general and later as paymaster in the regular army. History relates of Mr. Huntington that prior to his removal to Fairport he made many trips between that city and Cleveland, and that on one occasion he was attacked by a pack of wolves within two miles of Cleveland, the attack being so ferocious that he broke his umbrella in trying to keep the animals off, to which and to the fleetness of his horse he owned the preservation of his life. The late Edwin Huntington, whose death occurred in March of 1902, was a grandson of Governor Huntington, and he left to his son, Captain Edwin G. Huntington, a wealth of historical relics which have been loaned to the Lake County Historical Society. Captain Edwin G. Huntington is a son of Edwin and Rhoda (Green) Huntington, and was born May 4, 1875. From the 'Painesville high school he entered Buchtel College, and later studied law in his father's office. He, was also for a time the editor of the Northern Ohio Journal, and for thirteen years was a member of Company M, Fifth Regiment of Ohio National Guards. He was with his regiment in Florida, ready for active service, during the Spanish-American war, and was retired with the rank of captain in 1907. Returning home, he embarked in the fire insurance business, and about five years ago he was elected a justice of the peace, to which office he has been twice returned, and therein has shown a thorough knowledge of the law and the working of an analytical mind. By far the greater number of his decisions, when questioned, have. been upheld by the rulings of a higher court, and when the question of the rights of Finnish children in the public schools came up in his court for settlement he proved himself to be something of a diplomat as well as an interpreter of the law. The children were represented by a Finnish counsel, and for a time it looked as if the question might bring about international complications. Mr. Huntington has at times taken an active part in politics, a stanch and true Republican, and fraternally is both a Mason and an Elk. REV. CHARLES FRANKLIN THWING, D. D., LL. D., of Cleveland, president of Western Reserve University and Adelbert College, was recognized for years as one of the able Congregational ministers of the country, and since he relinquished his active pastoral duties has earned even a broader and higher name in the province of education. Born at New Sharon, Maine, on the 9th of November, 1853, he is a son of Hon. Joseph Perkins and Hannah Morse (Hopkins) Thwing, and comes of an old family of England and New England, which for many generations has been identified with the founding and development of the province and state of Maine, in its business, industrial, professional and public affairs. The first of the name to emigrate to America was Benjamin Thwing, who was born in England about 1619; in 1635 crossed the ocean on the ship "Susan and Ellen," and in April of that year settled in Boston, where he fol- HISTORY OF THE WESTERN RESERVE - 731 lowed his trade as a joiner for many years. He became a member of the First church December 17, 1643, and died in Boston about 1672. His wife, Deborah, also probably of English birth, had joined the First church of Boston August 9, 1642. Succeeding Benjamin Thwing, the seven direct ancestors of Dr. Thwing were John, Nathaniel, Nathaniel II, John, Nathaniel III and Joseph. John Thwing, a seaman, was born in Boston, November 21, 1644, and died in that city September 6, 1690. He married Mary Messinger, January 6, 1669, his wife being born in Boston, about 1650, and dying there in 1705 or 1706. John Thwing, who was a shipwright and sailmaker, born in Boston, October 16, 1670, married Martha Drew, August 14, 1692. Nathaniel Thwing, a baker by trade, was a native of Boston, born August 17, 1703 ; became prominent in its military and civic affairs, and eventually transferred the home and fortunes of the family to Maine. In 1736 he became a member of Boston's Ancient and Honorable Artillery Company and in 1743 was elected lieutenant In a regiment. In the campaign against Louisburg he served as major and captain of the third company of the Eighth Massachusetts Regiment and afterward was lieutenant colonel of a provincial regiment. In 1752 Nathaniel Thwing I was sent to Frankfort, on the Kennebec river, as a representative of the Plymouth Company, to open the country to settlement. The record shows that on July Toth of the following year he was elected a member of the standing committee of the First church, and, in 1764, a selectman of Boston. His first wife (nee Joanna Davis), whom he married in 1727, was born at Boston, May 27, 1707, and died in that city, September 6, 1749. In the following- year he wedded Mrs. Martha Clap and died in his native city, April 18, 1768. His son, Nathaniel Thwing II was even more prominent as a public character, but his best service was rendered the section of the province of Massachusetts Bay now known a, the state of Maine. Born in Boston. June 26, 1731, in 1757 he removed to the banks of the Kennebec and settled in the section of the country which his father was so active in colonizing. He became one of the founders of the town of Woolwich, being an official in March, 1764; was admitted to the local church June 30, 1765, and afterward was one of its deacons. The second Nathaniel was also one of the first overseers of Bowdoin College; was appointed town justice in 1777, and a councillor in 1780, and in the following year became one of the justices, of the inferior court of common pleas for Lincoln county. About the same time he Commenced a seven years' service as justice of the peace; was representative to the general court in 1782; was appointed register of probate of Lincoln county in January, 1787, and county treasurer in 1792: He died at Woolwich, April 6, 1817. His wife, whom he had married in Boston, November 2, 1756, was formerly Abigail Greenough. She was a native of Newburyport, Massachusetts, born in April, 1730, and died at Woolwich, July 16, 1806. John Greenough Thwing, the son of Nathaniel II, was born at Woolwich, September 29, .1772, and died in that town, March 1, 1835, having. spent his life as a farmer. His wife (Priscilla Trott), to whom he was married August 26, 1798, was also born in the place, July 15, 1774, and .died there, March 27, 1849. Nathaniel Thwing III, son of John G. and Priscilla Trott, was a native of Woolwich, born July 20, 1805, and died at Industry, Maine, April 6, 1840. He was a farmer by avocation and a Baptist in religion. He married Joanna Perkins, March 5, 1828, she having been born at Woolwich, September '22, 1801, and died at Industry, February 13, 1872. This couple became the grandparents of Charles Franklin Thwing. His father, Joseph Perkins, born in Woolwich on the 3rd of November, 1831, spent his active business life as a tanner, and lives in Farmington, Maine. In 1869 he served as a member. of the Maine house of representatives; has been a deacon in the Congregational church for many years, and is one of the most substantial and influential men in his section of the state. He married Miss Hannah M. Hopkins, of New Sharon, Maine, on the 16th of January, 1853, his wife being a native of that, place, born January 4, 1828, died at Farmington, Maine, January 16, 1910. She was a daughter of Joshua Morse and Sophronia (Mason) Hopkins, and on the paternal side was descended from Stephen Hopkins and Elder William Brewster (Pilgrims of the "Mayflower") and from Governor Thomas Prence. Dr. Thwing's education has been broad and thorough in both the literary and theological courses. In 1871 he graduated from Phillips Andover Academy, in. 1876 from Harvard University and in 1879 from Andover Theological Seminary, his honorary degrees .being as follows : LL. D., from Marietta and Illi- 732 - HISTORY OF THE WESTERN RESERVE nois Colleges in 1894, from Waynesburg College in 1901 and Washington and Jefferson College in 1902 ; and D. D., from Chicago Theological Seminary in 1888. In 1879 Dr. Thwing was ordained to the Congregational ministry, serving as pastor of the North Avenue Congregational church of Cambridge, Massachusetts, for the succeeding seven years, and as pastor of the Plymouth church of Minneapolis, Minnesota, from 1886 to 1890. Since the latter year he has held the presidency of Western Reserve University and Adelbert College. In 1878, the year preceding his graduation from Andover Theological Seminary, he had published his first book, "American Colleges," and "The Reading of Books" (1883) and "The Family" (with Mrs. Thwing, 1886) were issued while he was engaged at Cambridge in the work of the ministry. Then followed "The Working Church," "Within College Walls," "The College Woman" (1894), "The American College in American Life," "The Best Life," "College Administration" (1900), "The Youth's Dream of Life," "God in His World," "If I Were a College Student" (1902), "The Choice of a College" (1901), "A Liberal Education and a Liberal Faith" (1903), "College Training and the Business Man," "A History of Higher Education in America" (1907), and "Education in the Far East" (1909). He is also a valued contributor to current literature on kindred topics, and a popular and instructive lecturer on educational and social subjects. It may be added that he is associate editor of "Bibliotheca Sacra" ; ,senator in Phi Beta Kappa ; secretary of the Carnegie Foundation for the Advancement of Teaching, and a member of the University Club of Cleveland.. Dr. Thwing has been twice married—first, to Miss Carrie Frances Butler, who died April 24, 1898. She was a student at Vassar College and a lady of fine culture and beautiful character. Her parents were Francis Gould and Julia (Wendell) Butler, her father being a banker of Farmington, Maine, where he also served as a selectman and as a representative to the state legislature. On December 22, 1906, Dr. Thwing married, as his second wife, Miss Mary Gardiner Dunning, a daughter of David Montgomery .and Alice (Hutchinson) Dunning, of Auburn, New York, and a graduate of Vassar (A. B., '97). The children by the first marriage are as follows : Mary Butler Thwing, born in Cambridge, Massachusetts, October 30, 1880, and a graduate of the Woman's College of Western Reserve University, who, on May 26, 1909, married James M. Shallenberger, a lawyer of Cleveland ; Francis Butler Thwing, born in Cleveland, February 20, 1891, and Apphia Thwing, born in that city, August 23, 1892. WASHINGTON W. BOYNTON.—Among those who have conferred dignity and honor upon the bench and bar of Ohio, a commonwealth that has ever held high prestige for the fine personnel of its corps of legists and jurists as one generation has followed another onto the stage of life's activities, is numbered Judge Washington W. Boynton, who is now living virtually retired in the city of Elyria, the judicial center of his native county. He served with distinction on the bench of the supreme court of the state and also as judge of the court 0f common pleas of his district, was long engaged in the practice of his profession in the city of Cleveland,- and as an advocate few men who have practiced at the bar of the old Buckeye state have shown greater power and versatility, or attained to higher reputation. The judge is a native son of the Western Reserve and a scion of one of its sterling and honored pioneer families,. He has manifested great interest in the history of the fine old Reserve, has delved deeply into its records, from early to later days, and his interest in its annals has been of most insistent order, as indicated by his valuable contributions to its history. In view of the conditions summed up in this paragraph, it will be readily understood that there is all of consistency in according in this work special recognition to the honored citizen whose name introduces this article. Judge Washington Wallace Boynton was born in Russia township, Lorain county, Ohio, on the 27th of January, 1833, and is a son of General Lewis D. and Ruth (Wellman) Boynton, both natives of the state of Maine and representatives of families founded in New England in the early colonial epoch of our national history. General Lewis D. Boynton was born August 5, 1802, and reared to maturity in the old Pine Tree state, whence he came to Ohio in the year 1826, becoming one of the pioneer settlers of Russia township, Lorain county, where he secured a large tract of wild land, the greater portion of which he reclaimed from the virgin forest. In fact, it is a matter HISTORY OF THE WESTERN RESERVE - 733 of record that much of the land now included within the borders of Russia township was cleared by him and his assistants. He was a man of such strong mentality and marked individuality that he naturally became a leader in thought and action in the pioneer community, wielding much influence in public affairs and commanding the unqualified esteem of all who knew him. In the early days he was a brigadier-general of the state militia. He continued to devote his attention to the great basic industry of agriculture during the remainder of his active career, his death occurring in September, 1871. The genealogy of Judge Boynton in the agnatic lines is traced back in a direct way to Sir Matthew Boynton, who was created a baronet on the 25th of May, 1618, and was a member of the English parliament in the reign of Charles I. During the civil wars his sympathies and aid were enlisted in the Republican cause. His second son, Matthew, who married Elizabeth, daughter of Robert Stapleton, came to America about the year 1632, settling in New England, that cradle of so much of our national history, and with John and William Rowley Boynton, who came to this country about the same time, became the founder of the Boynton family in the new world. The mother of Judge Boynton, born February 22, 1806, was likewise of stanch English lineage, and her ancestors were numbered among the early colonial settlers of New England. She passed the closing years of her life on the old homestead in Lorain county, Ohio, where she died on the 27th day of January, 1840. Judge Washington W. Boynton was reared under the sturdy discipline of the pioneer farm, and such were the exigencies of time and place that his early scholastic advantages were not of high academic order. He early began to contribute his quota to the work of the home farm, and his experience in this connection doubtless had much to do with the begetting of that deep appreciation that he has always shown for the dignity and honor of honest toil and endeavor. He availed himself of the advantage of the common schools of the locality and also attended an academic institution then designated as a select school, but 'he was unable to secure a collegiate education. None, however, can doubt the wide scope of his intellectuality, nor doubt that he has fully made good the handicap of cal lier years. His alert and receptive mind enabled him to make rapid and substantial advancement in his studies as a boy, as is evident when we revert to the fact that when he was but sixteen years of age he proved himself eligible for pedagogic honors and initiated successful work as a teacher in the district schools. In the initial stages of his labors in this field he taught only during the winter terms, but from 1855 to 1857 he. conducted a select school in Amherst township.. Through close and appreciative private, study he advanced himself in the higher academic branches, and even as a young man he became known as. one of liberal education. While 'conducting the select school, and for some time thereafter, he served as the examiner of teachers for Lorain county. His natural predilections early marked him as one to whom the legal profession would most .strongly appeal, and it was a common statement among the people of the neighborhood, while he was still a boy, that he was "cut out for a lawyer.'? Thus he. began reading. law while still engaged in teaching school, having as his preceptor and director his uncle, Elbridge Gerry Boynton, who was then one of the representative members of the bar of the Western Reserve, engaged in practice at Elyria. While giving his days to the exacting' work of teaching, Judge Boynton. so assiduously improved his otherwise leisure hours by technical study that he secured admission to the bar in 1856, though he did not begin the active work of his profession until 1858. In 1857 he established his residence in Elyria; where he entered into partnership with General L. A. Sheldon, with whom he continued to be thus associated until 1861, when General Sheldon tendered his services 'in defense of the Union and went forth as lieutenant-colonel of an Ohio regiment of volunteers (Forty-second Ohio), later attaining much distinction as a gallant officer of the Civil war. Judge Boynton soon gained much local repute in his profession, and from the spring. of 1859 until the autumn of 1863 he served as prosecuting attorney of Lorain county. Within this period he. formed a partnership alliance with John C. Hale; who was then a promising young attorney, but this partnership was soon terminated, as Judge Boyriton's health became so seriously impaired that, in 1863, he was compelled to resign his practice and seek change of climate and environment. He went to Minneapolis, but re- 734 - HISTORY OF THE WESTERN RESERVE mained in the west until the spring of 1864; when, with partially recuperated physical forces, he returned to his home in Elyria. In the meanwhile his former partner, Judge Hale, had succeeded him as prosecuting attorney of the county. Upon his return to Elyria, Judge Boynton entered into a professional partnership with Laertes B., Smith, with whom he was thus pleasantly associated until the 9th of February, 1869, when Governor Rutherford B. Hayes, who later became president of the United States, appointed him judge of the court of common .pleas for the Fourth judicial district, whereupon he retired from the law firm of Boynton & Smith and entered upon his initial service as a member of the judiciary of his native state, his district comprising the counties, of Lorain, Medina and Summit. He served on the common-pleas bench until February 9, 1877, and his able administration of. the affairs of this office had in the meanwhile marked him for more distinguished honors. On the date mentioned he took his seat on the bench of the supreme court of the state; having been elected to. this office in October, 1876. As one of the associate justices of the supreme court, Judge Boynton's fame rests secure in the history of that tribunal, of which he, continued a member for nearly. five years,. at, the expiration of which .ill health again compelled him to retire, his resignation having. taken place in November, 1881. Soon after his retirement from the. supreme bench, Judge Boynton located in the city of Cleveland, and his high professional standing and splendid record. as a jurist soon gained to him a large and representative clientage in that city. So rapidly did his practice expand and so great. became its exactions that he soon found it. necessary to enlist the aid of a coadjutor. Under these conditions he extended an earnest invitation to his former associate, Judge John C. Hale, who had succeeded him 0n the bench of the common pleas court, to become his partner in Cleveland. Judge Hale at once resigned his place on the bench and joined his former confrere and valued friend in Cleveland, where they established the law firm of Boynton & Hale. They built up a very extensive general practice and were concerned in many of the most important litigations in the courts, both state and federal, of Cuyahoga.. and ;surrounding counties, and attained to the highest standing at the bar of the state. In 1888 Norton T. Horr was admitted to the firm, whose title was then changed to Boynton, Hale & Horr. This effective alliance obtained until 1892, when Judge Hale retired, having been elected to the bench of the circuit court. Thereafter the firm of Boynton & Horr continued to handle the large and important professional business until the 1st of January, 1897, when Judge Boynton retired from the firm. Thereafter he devoted his attention for several, years to the trial of special cases and to assisting other lawyers in the trial of cases involving important and intricate legal questions. Few members of the Ohio bar were better fortified for this special field of practice, and in connection therewith Judge Boynton gained a reputation that far transcended local limitations. His long experience in general practice and on the bench, as correlated with an extraordinary legal mind, gained to him acknowledged leadership. As an advocate his powers reached their apotheosis. He has ever been a close and appreciative student of the science of jurisprudence, is thoroughly familiar with fundamental principles; has a remarkable memory for recalling at will both precedents and incidental decisions, and thus he was ever resourceful and in command of the situation in presenting his cause before court or jury. Profound and exact in his legal erudition, strong in dialectic powers, forceful in the clarity and precision of his diction, and with a most pleasing personal presence, he naturally achieved pre-eminence as a trial lawyer. His judicial acumen avoided for him that rigidity of prejudice that frequently mars the efforts of brilliant intelligence in the legal profession. Judge Boynton ever showed clear intuition of the credibility and force of evidence, and his intellectual integrity and rectitude, his force of will, and his conscientious thoroughness made him, indeed, a formidable antagonist. Loyal, generous and kindly in his relations with: his fellowmen, knowing well the springs of human thought and motive, he is tolerant in his judgment, places true valuations upon men and affairs, and is well worthy of the unequivocal esteem in which he is held by his professional confreres and the general public. In politics Judge Boynton is a stalwart in the camp of the Republican party, which came into being about the time he attained to his legal majority, and he has been an able and effective advocate of its principles and poli- HISTORY OF THE WESTERN RESERVE - 735 cies. From 1865 to 1867, both dates inclusive, he represented Lorain county in the state legislature, and he had the distinction of offering the resolution providing for the elimination of the word "white" from the franchise qualification of the state constitution. The resolution was defeated in the house on the first vote, and a similar resolution was later introduced in the senate, which body passed the same. The measure was then returned to the lower house and was here adopted after a bitter contest, after which it was presented to the people for final action in the ensuing state election. It was on this issue essentially that the Democratic party in the state was victorious over the Republican party by more than 40,000 majority, and incidental to the result this brought about was the election of Hon. Allen G. Thurman to the United States Senate. Shortly after this memorable contest in Ohio the United States Congress amended the federal constitution and the question of franchise was settled for all time. As has already been intimated, Judge Boynton has shown a vital interest in the history of the Western Reserve, and on July 4, 1876; the centennial anniversary of our national independence, he delivered at Elyria a very comprehensive and interesting address pertaining to the early history of this favored section of the state. The same touched more especially the annals of Lorain county, and in this connection he was able to draw largely from personal experience. This address, which now constitutes an important part of the historical records of the Western Reserve, is known as Tract No. 83, in the archives of the Western Reserve Historical Society, in the city of Cleveland. It has also been printed in booklet form for private distribution, and the data there incorporated not only show careful study and long and involved investigation, but the article is also a model of diction and of graphic description. On the l0th of December, 1859, was solemnized the marriage of Judge Boynton to Miss Betsey A. Terrell, who was born at North Ridgeville, Lorain county, Ohio, a daughter of Ichabod Terrell, one of the. sterling pioneers of this county. No children have been born of this union. A number of years ago Judge Boynton erected at North Ridgeville, on the site of the birthplace and girlhood home of his wife, an attractive and spacious residence, and there they maintained their home until 1906, when they removed to Elyria and established themselves in their present attractive residence, on Washington avenue, where they dispense a gracious hospitality to their wide circle of devoted friends. JAMES B. WOOD.—Born on the Reserve, and reared under Western Reserve influences, James B. Wood, of Bellevue, Ohio, vice president of, the First National Bank, has had a successful career as a business man, winning his way through ability and energy. A son of Joseph Wood, a pioneer settler, he was born, February 1, 1844, in Lyme township, Huron county, of English ancestry, his great-grandfather, named Thomas Wood, having been a lifelong resident of Longnor, Staffordshire, England. Thomas Wood, the grandfather of James B., was born in Staffordshire, England, and as a young man learned the art of engraving. He subsequently inherited his father's estate, and on it spent the remainder of his brief life of thirty-three years. His wife, whose maiden name was Hannah Gould, spent her entire life in the same place, attaining the venerable age of eighty-seven years. She was three times married, her children, three daughters and a son, having been born of her first marriage. Joseph Wood, father of James B., was born in Staffordshire, England, October 28, 1809. Inheriting the paternal acres, he lived on the estate until 1833, when he emigrated to America, crossing the ocean in a sailing vessel, being on the water fifty-nine days. From New York he came by canal, stage and river to Cincinnati, Ohio, where he remained a few months. Locating then in Huron county, he was engaged in the provision business a year, after which he bought three hundred acres of timber and prairie land, erected a house of round logs, which he occupied five years. But little of the land was at all improved, much of it being under water a large part of the year, causing malaria. Deer and other wild game abounded, and Milan, which was connected with the lake by canal, was the principal market and depot for supplies, all land transportation being by stage. At the end of five years he moved to Cincinnati, where he spent a year, and then started by the way of New Orleans for his old home in England. He embarked on a sailing vessel loaded with cotton, and while on the gulf was so nearly wrecked that one-half of the cargo had to be 736 - HISTORY OF THE WESTERN RESERVE thrown overboard. Landing in England at the end of fifty-eight days, he went directly to Etruria, Staffordshire, where he conducted a dry goods business for 'fifteen months. Returning then to Ohio, he bought land at Hunts Corners, and was there a resident until 1871, when he sold out. Buying property then in Bellevue, Sandusky county, he lived here retired until his death, May 29, 1893. In the meantime he traveled extensively, fifteen times crossing the ocean to visit his old home. Joseph Wood married Martha Hulme, who was born in Longnor, Staffordshire, England, where her parents, George and Elizabeth (Needham) Hulme, spent their entire lives. She died in Bellevue, Ohio, March 3, 1894, surviving her husband less than a year. They were the parents of four children, namely Julia Ann, widow of the late George Sawyer, of Lyme township ; Thomas H., deceased ; Louisa M., of Bellevue ; widow of the .late Howard Smith, married for her first husband. Richard B. Wood, who lost his life in the Civil war ; and James B. Having obtained his first knowledge of books in the log cabin used as a school house at Hunts Corners, James B. Wood subsequently continued his studies at Oberlin. When a lad of ten years he began assisting on the farm, remaining with his parents until twenty-four years of age, when he rented the home property, which he managed successfully four years. Locating then in Bellevue, Mr. Wood was for four years engaged in the manufacture of furniture with his brother and brother-in-law, under the firm name of Wood, Sawyer & Co. He subsequently embarked in the grain business, becoming senior member of the firm of Wood & Close ; starting on a small scale, with but one elevator, the business gradually enlarged until the firm had, before its dissolution, in 1888, five elevators in operation along the line of the Lake Shore & Michigan Southern Railroad. Buying land in Erie county in 1888, Mr. Wood superintended its improvement for three years. In 1891 he was elected vice president of the First National Bank of Bellevue, and has since devoted his time to the bank and to his private interests. On September 12, 1867, Mr. Wood married Julia L. Wood, who was born in Bellevue, Huron county, Ohio, a daughter of Bourdette and Rhoda (Harrington) Wood. Her father; a pioneer of this county; was born at Manly Square, Onondaga county, New York, while her mother was born at the mouth of the Conneaut river, where her parents were very early settlers. Mrs. Wood died June 8, 1901, leaving two children : Benjamin Bourdette and Martha Rhoda. Benjamin B. Wood was graduated from the law department of the University of Michigan with the class of 1892, and has since been engaged in the practice of his profession at Norwalk, Ohio, where he is now receiver for the Lanning Printing Company. He married Harriet L. Rood, a daughter of R. K. Rood, and they have two sons : James Lonsbury and Bourdette Rood. Martha Rhoda Wood is the wife of Edward Terry Collins, of Toledo, Ohio. Mr. Wood married, second, June 7, 1902, Emma Rhoda Sharpe, who was born in Stockton, California. Her 'father, Peter George Sharpe, a native of Hudson, New York, was one of the early merchants of Bellevue, Ohio. In 1849 he organized a company of gold-seekers, and as captain of the little band started across the country with teams, arriving in California after a weary journey of several months. He was very successful in his quest for the yellow metal, and returned to Ohio for his wife and children. Starting back with them, his wife was taken ill, and died on the plains", he continuing his trip westward with the little ones, Coming again to Ohio in 1863, Mr. Sharpe married, in Bellevue, Emeline Amelia Wood, who was born at Pike Creek, Erie county, Ohio, in 1831, and with his bride returned by way of the Isthmus to California, locating in Stockton, where their daughter, Emma Rhoda, now Mrs. James B. Wood, was subsequently born. Mr. Sharpe died in California, September 24, 1897, aged eighty-two years, and his widow now lives with Mr. and Mrs. Wood. Politically, Mr. Wood is a Republican, and religiously, he and his wife are members of the Methodist Episcopal church. PATRICK J. HUTCHINSON.—Medina county is signally favored in the personnel of its executive officials at the time of this writing, and one of the number is Patrick J. Hutchinson, the able and popular sheriff of the county. He is now serving his second term in the shrievalty, and his administration has been most discriminative and effective. He is also one of the progressive business men of the younger generation in the city of Medina. He is successfully identified with the coal-mining industry, and as a citizen he commands the respect and esteem of the community. HISTORY OF THE WESTERN RESERVE - 737 Mr. Hutchinson finds a due measure of satisfaction in the fact that he is a native of the fine old Western Reserve, within whose borders his entire life thus far has been passed. He was born near the city of Akron, Summit county, Ohio, on the 15th of September, 1876, and is a son of John and Mary (Brodrick) Hutchinson, both of whom were born in Ireland, and there they were also married. For many years John Hutchinson was identified with the coal mining industry in Medina county, where he was known as a citizen of sterling character and where both he and his wife enjoyed the high regard of all who know them. They were communicants of the Catholic church, and in politics Mr. Hutchinson is a stanch supporter of the cause of the Republican party. Mrs. Hutchinson died in 1899, aged 63, and Mr. Hutchinson is now living in Wadsworth. Patrick J. Hutchinson gained his early educational discipline in the district school in the vicinity of his birthplace, and later continued his studies in the public schools of Wadsworth. He left school in his eighteenth year and became his father's assistant in the coal mining business, in the details of which he gained thorough experience. He has been identified with this line of enterprise in Medina county, and the mines which he is successfully operating are located in Wadsworth township. The product of these mines is of superior quality, and from their operation Mr. Hutchinson receives a good income. Sheriff Hutchinson has been a stalwart supporter of the principles and policies of the Republican party from the time of attaining to his legal majority, and he has rendered loyal service in its cause. In 1905 he was made the nominee of his party for the office of sheriff of Medina county, and was elected by a gratifying majority. That his administration has met with emphatic popular approval is clearly indicated in the fact that he was chosen as his own successor at the expiration of his first term, of two years. His second term will expire in January, 1911. He was reared in the faith of the Catholic church, of which both he and his wife are communicants. In 1901 Mr. Hutchinson was united in marriage to Miss Ellen Conlin, who was born and reared in Medina county, a daughter of Peter and Elizabeth Conlin, old and highly respected citizens of the county. Mr. and Mrs. Hutchinson have two children—Leonard and Irene. HORACE L. HINE.—One of the stanch and popular financial institutions of the Western Reserye is the First National Bank of Mantua, .Portage county, of which Mr. Hine is the able and honored president. He is a scion of one of the sterling pioneer families of Portage county, and in his career as a citizen and business man has effectually set at naught all application of the scriptural aphorism that "a prophet is not without honor save in his own country." Mr. Hine was born at Shalersville, Portage county, Ohio, on the 26th of February, 1859, and is a son of Lyman T..and Sylvia (Crocker) Hine. He was the only child of this union, and after the death of his mother, who was a young woman at the time, his father contracted a second marriage, being united to Miss Fida Terrel, and they are survived by one daughter, Hortense, who is now the wife of Frederick B. Haskins, of Mantua. Lyman Hine, grandfather of Horace L., was the seventh child and fifth son of Daniel and Mary (Stone) Hine, the former of whom was born in 1750 and the latter in 1754. Daniel Hine died at Shalersville, Portage county, Ohio, September 16, 1828, at the venerable age of eighty-seven years, and in the same place his wife died February 6, 1812, at the age of fifty-eight years. They became the parents of eight children, of whom the last to pass to the life eternal was Lyman, whose name appears at the opening of this paragraph. All of these children were born in historic old Milford, Connecticut, where the family was founded in the early colonial. days and where its representatives were found for several generations. In 1795 Daniel Hine removed thence to Warren, Litchfield county, Connecticut, where he maintained his residence until 1806, when he immigrated with his family to Ohio and settled in the region retained by his native state and known as the Western Reserve. He located first in Johnson township, Trumbull county, where he remained two years and where he secured land and provided homes for his eldest son, Daniel Jr., and his daughter Elizabeth (Mrs. Bradley). In 1808 this worthy pioneer, animated by the commendable desire of providing for others of his children, removed to Mahoning county, where he secured a tract of land, in Canfield township, where he tarried for two years and made provision for his third son, David. In 1810, in company with his sons Abel, Hezekiah and Lyman, and his daughters Polly and 738 - HISTORY OF THE WESTERN RESERVE Abigail, he removed to Shalersville, Portage county, where he passed the residue of his long and useful life. Upon his arrival in this township he took up about one thousand acres of government land, lying north of the center, or village of Shalersville, and the old homestead became well known as the John George farm, later being owned by H. S. Beecher and many others. The landed estate was eventually divided, and a considerable portion is still owned by the direct descendants of Daniel Hine, who left his old home in Connecticut and came to the wilds of Ohio in order to make better provision for his children. His unselfish devotion has had ample justification, as has his prescience in regard to the Opulent development of the beautiful old Reserve, whither he came as a pioneer and with whose interests he continued to be actively identified until he was summoned from the field of life's mortal endeavors, in the fullness of years and Well earned honors. Lyman Hine, grandfather of Horace L., of this review, was born September 2, 1792, and thus was a lad of about sixteen 'years at the time of the family removal from Connecticut to the Western Reserve. He was reared to manhood in Portage county, and in Shalersville township he reclaimed and developed a farm of one hundred and fifty-four acres. .He became one of the influential citizens of that section of the county, and ever commanded the esteem and confidence of all who knew him. At the time of the war of 1812 he and his brother Hezekiah, together with three other residents of Shalersville, were drafted :for service, in the year 1814. They first reported at Cleveland and thence proceeded on foot to Detroit, Michigan, where they were engaged in garrison duty ;bout six months, at the expiration of which they received honorable discharge and returned to their homes. On the 30th of June, 1819, was solemnized the marriage of Lyman Hine to Miss Sabrina Crosby, who was born February 9, 18131, and they became the parents of two children - Lyman Tully Hine, who was born August 24, 1824, and who died at the age of forty-seven years, and Ellen S., who was born August 22, 1831, and who was the wife of Henry H. Stevens, of Ravenna. Lyman T. Hine was born and reared in Portage county, Ohio, where he passed his entire life and where he followed the vocation of farming until his death. He well upheld the prestige of the honored family name and was one of the prominent and influential citizens of Shalersville township. His political support was given to the Republican party. His first wife was a daughter of Silas and Cynthia (Goodell) Crocker, who were pioneers of Portage county, where they continued to reside until their death. Horace L. Hine was reared to maturity at Shalersville, in whose public schools he secured his early educational discipline. He was engaged in farming until 1885, when he took up his residence in Mantua, where he became one of the interested principals in the banking firm of Craft, Hine & Company. This firm conducted a private banking business until 1894, when it was consolidated with that of the First Nati0nal Bank, under which latter title the enterprise has since been most successfully conducted. Mr. Hine became president of the First National Bank at the time of the Consolidation, and of this executive office he has since remained incumbent. He has directed the policy of the bank with marked discrimination and has gained recognition as, one of the representative factors in the banking circles of the Western Reserve. He is also vice-president of the Ravenna National Bank, a member of the directorate of the Garretsville National Bank, and a member of the wholesale lumbering and milling firm of Hine & Cook, whose lumber mill is located in Mantua, where yards are maintained, as well as in the city of Cleveland. He is a practical, far-sighted and progressive business man, and his career has been marked by cumulative success, the while he has so ordered his course as to merit and retain the confidence and esteem of all who know him. He is one of the substantial capitalists of the famous old Reserve, and in addition to the interests already mentioned it may be noted that he is treasurer and a director of the Portage County Telephone Company and has extensive real estate investments in the west. As a citizen he is loyal and public-spirited, but the only office in which he has consented to serve is that of member of the board of education of his home village of 1Mantua—a position of which he has been incumbent for many years. His political allegiance is indicated by the active support which he gives to the cause of the Republican party. In 1886 was recorded the marriage of Mr. Hine to Miss Ella Blanchfield, who was born and reared in Portage county, and they have five children, namely : Burt H., Henry S., Leo B., Irving, and Coleta. HISTORY OF THE WESTERN RESERVE - 739 JOHN AUBREY WRIGHT.—A prominent and influential citizen of Bellevue, John A. Wright is an important factor in promoting the growth and prosperity of this section of the Reserve, and is identified officially with some of its foremost enterprises, being president of the Wright Banking Company, vice-president and director in the Bellevue Stone Company, and likewise in the Conway Steel Range Company. A native of Huron county, he was born, March 28, 1858, in Groton township, a son of John and Betsey (Ford) Wright. Further ancestral and parental history may be found elsewhere in this volume, in connection with the sketch of his brother, Hubert Wright. Receiving his rudimentary education in the district school, John A. Wright afterwards attended the public school in Norwalk. Subsequently taking a preparatory course at the academy in Hudson, he entered the Western Reserve College, from which he was graduated with the class of 1880. Mr. Wright was salutatorian of his class and a member of the Phi Beta Kappa. Entering then upon a professional career, Mr: Wright taught school successfully for seven years, when he resigned to become vice-president of the Wright Banking Company, established by his father. In that position he proved so capable and faithful that upon the death of his father he was made president of the institution, and is performing the duties thus devolving upon him with characteristic fidelity and efficiency. Mr. Wright married first, in January, 1890, Ellen M. McKeown, who was born in Youngstown, Ohio, a daughter of William and Adeline McKeown. She died September 8, 1896, leaving two children, Adeline Ford and John Aubrey. Mr. Wright married second, in 1902, Gertrude W. Wood, who was born in Bellevue, Ohio, a daughter of Melvin and Helen Wood, and they are the parents of two children, Margaret and Paul Weber. Mr. and Mrs. Wright are members of the Congregational church, which lie has served as trustee, while in its Sunday school he has been a teacher. Politically Mr. Wright is a straightforward Republican, and has served as a delegate to state and county conventions. He is interested in educational matters, and has rendered appreciated service as president of the local school board. COLONEL GEORGE TOD PERKINS is one of the representative business men and most honored citizens of his native city of Akron, and is a scion of families whose names have long been prominent and distinguished in the annals of the Western Reserve. It was his to render to the nation the valiant service of a loyal soldier of the republic during the Civil war, in which he gained his title of colonel and in the various associations of "times of peace" he has manifested the same intrinsic loyalty which characterized him during his years of gallant service on the battle fields of the south. This fact alone stands voucher for his hold upon the confidence and esteem of the community in which the greater portion of his life has been passed, and to the progress and material prosperity of which he has contributed in no insignificant measure. He was president of the Akron Rubber Company and the B. F. Goodrich Company, two of the important industrial concerns of Akron, and for a number of years he also held the office of president of the Second National Bank. He retired from the presidency of these companies when 70 years of age. Colonel Perkins was born in Akron on the 5th of May, 1836, and is a son of Colonel Simon and Grace Ingersoll (Tod) Perkins, of whom more specific mention is made on other pages of this work, where appears a memoir of his honored father, who was long one of the most distinguished citizens of Summit county. George T. Perkins gained his preliminary educational discipline in the common schools of Akron and later took a course of study in Marietta College. In 1859 he went to Youngstown, where he became secretary of the Brier Hill Iron Company, in which the principal stockholder was his maternal uncle, the late Hon. David Tod, who became governor of the state and left a deep and beneficent impress upon the history of Ohio. Colonel Perkins was thus actively identified with business interests at Youngstown until there came the call of higher duty, when the integrity of the Union was thrown into jeopardy through armed rebellion. He responded to President Lincoln's first call for volunteers, and in April, 1861, he enlisted as a private in Company B, Nineteenth Ohio Volunteer Infantry. His company forthwith elected him to the office of second lieutenant, and he was with his com- mand in active service in West Virginia until the expiration of his term of enlistment, when he received his honorable discharge. In the three months' service, in 1861, he re-enlisted and was made major of the One Hundred and Fifth Ohio Volunteer Infantry, of which he became lieutenant-colonel on the 16th of July, 740 - HISTORY OF THE. WESTERN RESERVE 1863, and colonel on the 18th of February, 1864. He continued in active service until victory had crowned the Union arms and he was mustered out in the city of Washington, June 3, 1865, after having participated with his command in the Grand Review. He received his honorable discharge upon his return to Ohio. He participated in many of the most notable battles which marked the progress of the great internecine conflict, including that of Perryville, Kentucky, where two of his captains and forty-seven of his men were killed. He was also an active participant in the Memorable battles at Hoover's Gap, Chickamauga, Chattanooga, Missionary Ridge and Kenesaw Mountain, and was with Sherman's forces in the seige of Atlanta, after which he commanded his regimen on the historic march from Atlanta to the sea. He won promotion and distinction through his able and gallant services, and ever held the confidence and secured the hearty support of those in his command. His continued interest in his old comrades in arms is signified by his membership in the Grand Army of the Republic, whose ranks are rapidly being thinned by the one invincible foe of mankind. After the close of the war Colonel Perkins returned to Akron, with whose business interests he at once identified himself. From 1867 to 1870 he was secretary, being also one of the organizers, of the corporation of Taplin, Rice &. Company, manufacturers of stoves and general founders, and in the year last mentioned he became president of the Bank of Akron. In this office he continued until 1876, and thereafter he served as cashier of the institution until its consolidation with the Second National Bank, in March, 1888, when he was elected president of the Second National, whose executive head he continued thereafter until he resigned the office, though he is still a stockholder and director. He has been a dominating figure in local business circles for many years, and no citizen is held in more unequivocal esteem in the community. His interest in all that concerns the advancement and civic and material welfare of his native city has been of the most insistent type, and through one generous benefaction long will his name be perpetuated, since in 1900 he presented to the city a tract of seventy-six acres of land for park purposes, to be known as Perkins Park. This tract is most eligibly located, and is rapidly being transformed into one of the most beautiful of parks—a place to be appreciated by all classes of citizens. In politics Colonel Perkins is found arrayed as a stalwart advocate of the principles and policies for which the Republican party stands sponsor, and he has rendered efficient service in its cause, though never ambitious for public office. He and his wife hold membership in the Congregational church, in whose work they have ever shown an active and zealous interest. 'The colonel is a member of the Grand Army, of the Republic. The beautiful home of Colonel Perkins is located at 90 North ( Prospect street, and has long been a recognized center of gracious hospitality. On the 6th of October, 1865, Colonel Perkins was united in marriage to Miss Mary F. Rawson, who was born in Massillon, and reared in Cleveland, and who is a daughter of Levi and Mary (Folger) Rawson. Colonel and Mrs. Perkins became the parents of three children, of whom the only survivor is Mary, the wife of Charles B. Raymond, of Akron. WILLIAM A. SIMPSON.—No name is more honored in the history of the city of Sandusky than that of the subject of this memoir, and none is more worthy of a tribute in this record concerning the Western Reserve and its people. His influence permeated the civic and business life of the community ; his consecration and noble efforts as a churchman of the Protestant Episcopal church indicated his thorough appreciation of his stewardship ; and he contributed in large degree to the social and material advancement of the city of Sandusky, where he was a pioneer business man and where he maintained his home for more than half a century and where his death occurred on the 20th of December, 1887. Above all and dominating all was the personal exaltation of character that denoted the man in all the relations of life. His was of the faith that makes faithful, and this fidelity to duty in every form is what made his character distinct, noble and inspiring. Strong in his convictions but never intolerant, always firm in the right, but with no room in his heart for revenge, compassion and pity dwelt with him as constant guests. Flattery could not cajole him into compromise, nor power awe him into silence. His life, character and services are pre-eminently entitled to careful study, and such investigation can not but beget a feeling of objective appreciation, reverence and in- HISTORY OF THE WESTERN RESERVE - 741 centive. He well exemplified the truth of the statements that "The bravest are the tenderest the loving are the daring." William Ayres Simpson was born in the town of Nottingham, Nottingham county, New Hampshire, on the 27th of February, 1812, and thus was seventy-five years of age at the time of his death. He was the ninth in order of birth of the ten children born to John and Abigail (Guile) Simpson, and of the five sons and four daughters all but one attained to years of maturity. The Simpson family lineage is traced back to stanch Scotch-Irish extraction, and the name became identified with the annals of American history in the early colonial era, as records extant show the original progenitors in this country soon after the arrival of the historic "Mayflower" on its first voyage to the new world. The original place of settlement was at Londonderry, Connecticut, and John Simpson, father of the subject of this memoir, was the founder of the family in Nottingham county, New Hampshire, where he became a citizen of prominence and influence, honored as a man of sterling character. He devoted his attention principally to agricultural pursuits, and his old homestead farm is still in the possession of his descendants. He died in 1832, at an advanced age, his devoted wife having passed to the life eternal twenty years later, at the venerable age of ninety years. Both were earnest and devout in their religious faith and exemplified the same in good works and kindly consideration for all with whom they came in contact. William Simpson, an uncle of him whose name initiates this article, was the first representative of the family in Ohio, having settled in Meigs county, where he became the owner of a large landed estate and where many of his descendants still reside. He served under General Anthony Wayne in the early Indian wars in this section. William A. Simpson was reared to maturity in his native county, where he received a good common school education, which was later developed and matured through his long and active association with men and affairs and also through effective self-discipline, derived from wide and appreciative reading of the best literature and through his lively interest in the questions and issues of the hour. In addition to his studies in the common schools of the locality and period he was for one year a student in Durham Academy, well ordered institution at Durham, New Hampshire. At the age of seventeen years Mr. Simpson severed the gracious home ties and went to the city of Boston, where he assumed a clerical position in the shipping house of John K. Simpson, a cousin of his father. In 1831, in company with his youngest brother, Samuel A. Simpson, he came to the west, making the trip by way of the Erie canal and the Great Lakes to Detroit, Michigan, where he was employed in a clerical capacity until 1834, in the autumn of which year he came to Ohio and took up his residence in Sandusky, which was then a straggling village. This was destined to be the scene of his earnest and successful endeavors during the residue of his long and successful business career, and here he lived, secure in popular confidence and esteem, until he was finally summoned to "that undiscovered country from whose bourne no traveler returns." Soon after his arrival in Sandusky Mr. Simpson became associated with Horace Aplin in the retail grocery business, this alliance continuing for only a short time, at the expiration of which he formed a partnership with Leonard Johnson and engaged in the wholesale grocery and liquor business, under the firm name of Simpson & Johnson. Shortly afterward he purchased the interest of Mr. Johnson, after which he eliminated the liquor department of the business and added a dry-goods department. He continued the business individually, and with pronounced success, for many years, and during the last few years he was associated with David Everett, under the title of Simpson & Everett. In 1859 he disposed of his interest in the enterprise with which he had been so long identified, and after two years devoted to the ship-chandlery and grocery business he retired permanently from active business, having accumulated a comfortable fortune through normal and legitimate lines of enterprise and having been a prominent factor in the upbuilding of his home city, where he had identified himself with various enterprises aside from those already mentioned. He was one of the organizers of the Sandusky Gas Company, of which he was president for a number of years, haying been its vice-president at the time of his death. He was a large stockholder in the Second National Bank, of which he was an organizer and of whose directorate he continued a valued member until the close of his life. In politics Mr. Simpson was originally an old-line Whig, but upon the organization of the Republican party he transferred his alle- 742 - HISTORY OF THE WESTERN RESERVE giance to the same ever afterward continuing a. stanch advocate of its principles though he never sought or desired the honors of emoluments of public office. What the Protestant Episcopal church in Sandusky, and in the diocese of which this parish is a part, owes to William A. Simpson and his loved and devoted wife, who still survives him, can not well be expressed in words, and few laymen have been more influential in the work of the church than was this appreciative and zealous churchman, who was one of the fathers of the Episcopal church in Sandusky, always active in its interests and always liberal, in its support. He was a communicant of Grace church for more than forty years and was a member of its vestry for thirty-six years, during a considerable portion of which he served in the office of senior warden of the parish. He was loved and revered in the community that so long represented his home, and at his death the people of Sandusky uniformly manifested their sense of personal loss and bereavement, all classes and conditions of citizens paying tribute to the honored citizen and friend who had lived and labored to goodly ends, whose heart was attuned to sympathy and of whom it may well be said, as Burke said of Herbert, that "he remembered the forgotten." To those who sat in darkness he was a comforter and light, and his aid and sympathy were 'extended quietly and unostentatiously, so that none save himself and the recipients knew of his many benefactions to those "in any ways afflicted in mind, body or estate." He was a man true and loyal in all the relations of life, and, now that he has passed forward to the "land of the leal" none more fully deserves the "peace that passeth all understanding." On the 5th of January; 1841, was solemnized the marriage of Mr. Simpson to Miss Mary A. Denman, daughter of David and Mary (Wright) Denman. Mrs. Simpson was born in Frederick, Maryland, on the 16th of January, 1816. Her father served under General Winfield Scott in the war of 1812, in which he was an officer and in which he took part in the battles of Lundy's Lane, Queenstown Heights and Fort Erie, being present at the burning of the little town that stood on the site of the present city 0f Buffalo. Captain Denman had been a recruiting officer at Frederick, Maryland, and at a ball given in that city the gallant young officer met Miss Mary Wright, who became his wife soon after the close of the war of 1812. Captain David and' Mary (Wright) Denman both died while still young. They became the parents of three children, Eliza, the, eldest; Mary A., Mrs. Simpson ; and Francis W. Mrs. Simpson, the second in order of birth, was but two years of age at the time of her mother's death, and her father passed away when she was seven years old. Francis Wyatt Denman, the youngest of the three 'children, has not communicated with his sister in many years, and Mrs. Simpson is thus not aware whether he is living or not. After the death of her parents, Mrs. Simpson was adopted by Major John G. Camp, a friend of her father, and in his home she was reared to maturity at Buffalo, New York, where she received excellent educational advantages. Her foster parents came to Ohio in 1841, and they passed the closing years of their lives in Sandusky. The marriage of Mr. and Mrs. Simpson was solemnized in the city of Buffalo. They had no children, but reared in their home two adopted children. Eliza D. Bartlett, daughter of Mrs. Simpson's only sister, was taken into the Simpson home when a child, on the death of her mother, and here remained until her marriage to Mr. James W. Cook. She died the widow of Mr. Cook in 1907. Miss Jennie E. Simpson, who lost her parents in, the cholera epidemic in Sandusky in 1849, was adopted by Mr. and Mrs. Simpson, and she still remains at the fine old homestead with her venerable foster mother. Appreciative of the goodly gifts fortune has bestowed upon her and realizing fully the stewardship and responsibility imposed by such prosperity in temporal affairs, it has been the pleasure and generous impulse of Mrs. Simpson to make many gracious and worthy benefactions to church, educational and benevolent objects, to which her contributions have been munificent in proportion to the wealth at her command. She purchased and donated to Grace church, of which she has been a devoted communicant since 1841, for the especial benefit and uses of the Ladies' Guild of the church, the fine parish building at the corner of Adams and Hancock streets, offering this as a fitting memorial to her honored husband, in whose honor the building was given. This is but one of many devoted contributions made by this noble and venerable woman, whose gracious personality and abiding human sympathy have endeared her to all who have come within the sphere of her gentle influence. Her benefactions to Grace church total nearly $12,000; to Calvary church she has given $945 ; to the Ladies' Guild of Grace church, about $8,000 to certain bishops and other clergy of the HISTORY OF THE WESTERN RESERVE - 743 Protestant Episcopal church and other churches, about $1,000; to Kenyon College, an historic church institution at Gambier, Ohio, $6,000 ; to Providence Hospital, in Sandusky, about $800; and other gifts of charity to the amount of more than $7,000. The total of such contributions on the part of Mrs. Simpson is nearly $35,000, and she has dispensed her benevolences with marked discrimination. She is now ninety-four years of age (1910), and the many years rest lightly upon her head, as she is admirably preserved in both mental and physical faculties, considering her remarkable age. In the golden twilight of a long, serene and devoted life, as the gracious shadows lengthen from the west, she is surrounded by loving and devoted friends as she waits with gentle grace and equanimity until the lifting of the veil that shall unfold to her the glories of the after life. HON. PETER BRADY.—Noteworthy among the well known and influential citizens of Bellevue, Ohio, is Hon. Peter Brady, who has been prominent in city, county and state affairs, filling many important public offices with credit to himself, and to the honor of his constituents. He was for a long time connected with the mercantile interests of Bellevue, but is now retired from active business, the care of his private interests demanding his time and attention. His father, Michael Brady, was born, reared and married in County Cavan, Ireland. Subsequently coming with his family to America, he located first in Norwalk, Ohio, where he became a contractor of public works. He bought land in that vicinity, and in addition to superintending the management of his farm did an excellent business as a contractor. He took an active part in the erection of church edifices in Norwalk. He spent the remainder of his life on his homestead, passing away at the ripe age of eighty-five years. Although he attended school when young, Peter Brady acquired much of his education after attaining manhood, mixing study largely with his work during his early business career. Coming to Bellevue when nineteen years old, he embarked in the hardware business, which he carried on successfully for about thirty-five years, building up a lucrative trade, and gaining to an eminent degree the confidence and good will of the community. A man of keen' foresight and energy, he was one of the or. ganizers of the Bellevue Industrial Savings Vol. II-3 and Loan Association, and has been identified as stockholder with various companies and corporations, and for two years operated the Bourdette Hotel, proving himself a genial and popular host. A zealous advocate of the principles of the Democratic party, Mr. Brady has been very active in public affairs, and for a number of terms was a member of the city council, and was four times elected mayor of the city. In 1882, being elected to represent Sandusky county in the state legislature, Mr. Brady resigned his position as mayor, having then another year to serve before the expiration of his term, and in 1883 he was elected state treasurer, and filled the office -ably and faithfully from January, 1884, until January, 1886. He has been a delegate to numerous district, county and state conventions, serving in that capacity at the state convention that nominated Hon. Judson Harmon as governor of Ohio. Four times has Mr. Brady been a member of the federal grand jury, in which he has served as foreman. He was appointed by Governor Campbell a member of the board of management of the 'Ohio State Soldiers' Home at Sandusky. Fraternally Mr. Brady belongs to Toledo Lodge, B. P. O. E. He married Mina Gladys Smith, who was born in Iowa. She died in Bellevue, Ohio, in 1899. ABNER P. NICHOLS, D. D. S., has been established in the practice of his profession in Medina for more than a quarter of a century, and is recognized as one of the able exponents of the art of dentistry in the Western Reserve, which has represented his home from the time of his nativity, as he is a member of one of its honored pioneer families. Dr. Nichols was born in Chester township, Geauga county, Ohio, on the 14th of August, 1848, and is a son of Orville and Lavira (Pratt) Nichols, the former of whom was a native of Vermont and a member of an old colonial family of New England, and the latter of whom was born in the state of New York. Both were children at the time of the removal of the respective families to the Western Reserve. Hezekiah Nichols, grandfather of the Doctor, came with his family from Vermont and settled in Geauga county, Ohio, in the early pioneer epoch. He purchased a tract of wild land and reclaimed a good farm of one hundred and forty acres, besides which he did a large business in dealing in lands and live 744 - HISTORY OF THE WESTERN RESERVE stock and in the manufacture of cheese. He was one of the influential citizens of his community, and did much to further the material and civic development and progress of Geauga county, where he continued to reside until his death. Orville Nichols was reared to maturity in Geauga county and received such advantages as were afforded in the pioneer schools. His entire active career was devoted to farming and stock-raising, and he became the owner of one of the finely improved farms of Geauga county, where he ever commanded' unqualified confidence and esteem and where both he and his wife passed the closing years of their lives. In politics he gave his allegiance to the Republican party. They became the parents of four children, of whom the subject of this review is the eldest ; Bina is the wife of A. Harper, of Munson ; Emma is the wife of Rodney Freeman, of Chester, Geauga county ; and Grant S. resides on the old homestead farm in Geauga county. Dr. A. P. Nichols found his initial experiences in life those connected with the old homestead farm upon which he .was born and reared, and the foundation, of his education was laid in the little district school of the neighborhood. He later prosecuted the higher branches of study in Geauga Seminary, where he was a student at intervals for a period of twelve years. After leaving this institution he turned his attention to the pedagogic profession, and as a teacher in the district schools of his native county he was both successful and popular, though he had in the meanwhile formulated definite plans for his future career. He decided to prepare himself for the profession of dentistry. In 1880 he passed examination before the state .board of dentistry at Columbus. He opened an office at Chardon, Geauga county, and in that county he continued in the active work of his profession until 1882, when he located in Medina, where he has since been established in the successful practice of his profession—a period of more than twenty-five years, within which he has gained much precedence and a large and representative clientage, drawn not only from the city itself but also from a wide radius of surrounding country. He is thoroughly skilled in the most modern methods and systems of both operative and laboratory dentistry, and the equipment of his offices enables him to turn .out the highest grade of work in both departments mentioned. The doctor is a member of the Northern Ohio Dental Society, and maintains 'an active interest in its affairs and work. In politics, though never imbued with any ambition for the honors or emoluments of public office, Dr. Nichols is a stalwart supporter of the cause of the Republican party. He is affiliated with Medina Lodge, No. 58, Free and Accepted Masons ; Medina Chapter, No 26, Royal Arch Masons ; and Lodge No. 60, Knights of Pythias. He and his wife are numbered on the membership roll of the Con gregational church. He is the owner of valuable realty in Medina, including his fine residence on East Washington street. In the year 1871 Dr. Nichols was united in marriage to Miss Aurilla Van Valkenburg, who was born and reared in Geauga county, Ohio, where her father, William Van Valkenburg, was an honored pioneer and prosperous farmer. Dr. and Mrs. Nichols have five children, concerning whom the following brief record is entered : Nina is the wife of Elbert Waters, of Wellington, Ohio ; Dr. William A., a graduate of the Western Reserve Dental College, in Cleveland, is associated with his father in practice ; Ora A. is a representative farmer of Medina county ; Floyd is a member of the class of 1908 in Oberlin College ; and Genevieve remains at the parental home. CHARLES E. HOWLAND.—In the line of manufacturing industries it has been repeatedly observed that the city of Akron, judicial center of Summit county, bears a high standard, and on the long list of substantial industrial enterprises which conserve the prestige of the city is that conducted by the Akron Roofing Tile Company, of which Mr. Howland is president and general manager. This noteworthy manufacturing concern, whose finely equipped plant is located on Brook street, in the south part of the city, dates its inception back to the year 1875, and under the present executive control and administration it has gained a place of high relative importance as one of the leading organizations of its kind in the Union. It has facilities for the manufacturing of artistic roofing tiles of most varied forms and colorings, to meet the demands of the trade,' which extends into the most diverse sections of the United States. The products of the concern have been utilized in the construction of many of the fine public buildings in various cities, including the magnificent capitol of the state of New York, at Albany ; the Leland Stanford HISTORY OF THE WESTERN RESERVE - 745 University at Palo Alto California; Cincinnati and St. Louis city halls and Toronto court house. A constant study and experimentation is made in the evolving of new art forms, and the demands upon the institution are such as to require the employment of an average of one hundred artisans and assistants in the various departments. This statement alone indicates the great indirect value of the concern to the city of Akron. Charles E. Howland was born at Fort Ann, Washington county, New York, on the 29th of November, 1860, and is the fifth in order of birth of the seven children of Enos and Susan C. (Murphy) Howland. The father followed the vocation of paper making during the major portion of his active career, and he passed the closing years of his life in Fort Edward, New York. In 1869, when Charles E. Howland was about nine years of age, the family removed from his native village to Fort Edward, New York, and he was afforded the advantages of both the Sandy Hill Academy, New York, and the Fort Edward Collegiate Institute, after which he completed a thorough commercial course in 1877, at Oberlin, Ohio. In September, 1879, Mr. Howland took up his residence in Akron, where he assumed the position of bookkeeper in the office of Thomas Phillips & Company, manufacturers of manila papers, paper flour sacks, paper bags, and kindred products, and he held this position for eight years, at the expiration of which, in December, 1887, he resigned the same and associated himself with Captain Joseph C. Ewart in the manufacturing of roofing tile, under the title of J. C. Ewart & Company. He had charge of the office details of the business for some time, and when, in 1902, the enterprise was incorporated as the Akron Tile Roofing Company, he became general manager of the same. Since 1902 he has been treasurer and general manager of the company, to whose affairs he gives the major portion of his time and attention, though he has other capitalistic interests of important order. Mr. Howland is progressive and far-sighted as a business man, and by force of individuality and talents has gained a secure place as one of the representative citizens who are so well upholding the industrial and civic preeminence of Akron, one of the most thriving and attractive cities of the historic old Western Reserve. He is a Republican in his polit¬ical allegiance, is identified with various social, fraternal and civic associations and he and his wife hold membership in the First Methodist Episcopal church. On the 26th of April, 1882, Mr. Howland was united in marriage to Miss Clara E. Hollinger, who was born in Franklin, Pennsylvania, and reared in Summit county, where she has continuously maintained her home. She is a sister of the late Harvey M. Hollinger, to whom a memoir is dedicated on other pages of this work. There is one child in the family, Helena. FRED R. HOGUE.—Noteworthy among the active and successful members of the legal profession of Ashtabula county is Fred R. Hogue, the prosecuting attorney of the county, who is filling the honorable position he occupies with credit and dignity, his prosecutions being uniformly just and satisfactory. A native of Pennsylvania, he was born, July 13, 1875, in Mercer county, where he obtained his preliminary education. Coming to Ashtabula, Ohio, when about seventeen years old, he was graduated from the Ashtabula high school in 1895, and subsequently continued his studies at the Ohio State University, spending the three years of his law study in the law office of R. W. Calvin, of Ashtabula. In 1900 Mr. Hogue was admitted to the bar, and began the practice of his profession in Ashtabula. In 1905 he was elected city solicitor of Ashtabula, and in 1907 was re-elected to the same office, each time being victor after a hard contest. In November, 1908, he was elected to his present position, and is performing the duties devolv- ing upon him in this capacity with ability and fidelity. He is a stanch Republican in his political affiliations, and an active worker in party ranks. Fraternally he is a member of the Ancient Free and Accepted Masons, and of the Knights of Pythias. Mr. Hogue married, October 25, 1902, Ina A. Farnham, of Ashtabula, and they have one son, Farnham Hogue. ZENAS KENT.—Of this honored pioneer of the Western Reserve it may well be said that he coveted success but scorned to attain it except through industry and honest means. He acquired wealth without fraud or deceit, and the results of his life, marked by no dramatic phases, are full of inspiration and incentive. These are significant words, and they truly denote the man as he stood among his fellow 746 - HISTORY OF THE WESTERN RESERVE men, making, his life count for good in all its relations. He was a dominating factor in connection with the material 'development and progress of the Western Reserve, and particularly of Portage county, and no shadow rests upon any portion of his career. His success, and it was great, was gained through his own well directed efforts, and thus he was essentially the architect of his own fortunes. He was reserved and somewhat reticent, never courting or desiring public notice, and evading, the same by every legitimate and courteous means. But now that a perspective view of his career in its entirety may be gained, it is but consistent that at least a brief review of his life history be entered in a work of the province prescribed for the one at hand. In the preparation of such record recourse is had to a previously published and appreciative estimate of his career. Zenas Kent, one of the founders and builders of the village which bears his name, was born in Middletown, Connecticut, on the 12th day of July, 1786, and he died suddenly at his residence in Kent, Portage county, Ohio, on the 4th of October, 1865, in his eightieth year. He was descended from stanch Puritan stock, and the family, of sterling English lineage, was founded in New England in the early colonial epoch o f our national history. His father rendered valiant service as a soldier in the Continental army, being in the war of the Revolution, and was a resident of Ohio at the time of his death. Zenas Kent was reared to manhood in Leyden, Massachusetts, to which place his parents moved when he was a child, and there he received such educational advantages as were afforded in the primitive common schools of the period. That he made good use of such opportunities as were thus given him is evident when it is stated that after coming to Ohio he proved a successful teacher in the pioneer schools. The arithmetic that he used as a student in Massachusetts is now in the possession of his grandson, William S. Kent, of Kent, Ohio. The same was published in 1802, and upon blank leaves in the volume is shown the correct solution by Mr. Kent of every problem in the book. As a young man Mr. Kent learned the carpenter's trade under the direction of his father, who long devoted his attention to the vocation. In 1812, when Zenas Kent was twenty-five years of age, his father immigrated to the Western Reserve and located in Mantua township, Portage county, where he passed the residue of his life and where he died at a, venerable age. Zenas accompanied the family to the wilds of Ohio, and soon afterward he returned to the east, where, in the same year (1812) that had marked the removal to Ohio, he was 'united in marriage to Miss Pamelia Lewis, who was born in Farmington, Connecticut; and whose father had been a soldier in the war of the Revolution. He then came with his bride to the new home in Portage county, Ohio, and settled in Hudson township, located in that portion of the .county now included in Summit county. There he formed the acquaintance and gained the earnest friendship of Captain Heman Oviatt, and while in Hudson he also erected a tannery for Owen Brown and taught school in the winter season. In the summer of 1815 he removed to Ravenna, the county, seat of Portage county, where he engaged in the general merchandise -business in company with Captain Oviatt, who furnished the requisite capital for the enterprise. Concerning their relationship the following pertinent statement has been made : "The captain always regarded Mr. Kent with peculiar interest and friendship, and years afterward, when he was a prosperous merchant, the captain would refer with great pride to the fact that he 'sot him up in business.' " At the initiation. of his career as a merchant, Mr. Kent erected a wooden store building upon the site now occupied by the Second National Bank. This building, which he utilized both as a store and dwelling, was removed several years later to the south side of Main street, in what' is known as Little's block. The partnership of Oviatt & Kent was terminated in a few years, when the junior partner was able to repay the money so kindly advanced by his early friend. The only diversion from the direct line of business that Mr. Kent permitted himself during the long years of his successful mercantile career was that made in 1826, when he took the contract for the erection of the court house in Ravenna—a building that continued in use until the building of the present county house. He made his mercantile business a splendid success and gained prestige as one of the leading merchants of this section of the Western Reserve. From 1831 to 1850 he also had a store in Hudson, conducting the same under the firm name of Kent & Brewster, and here building up also a very prosperous enterprise. In 1832 he became associated with David Ladd in the purchase of about 500 acres of land in the township of Franklin, Portage county, and including a water-power in the Cuyahoga river. In HISTORY OF THE WESTERN RESERVE - 747 the same year he erected a flouring mill, and the same bore his name for a third of a century. It had a wide reputation and extensive trade, and the first flour shipped from northern Ohio to the city of Cleveland was manufactured in this mill, being shipped by way of the old Ohio canal. Mr. Kent became sole owner of the mill soon after its erection, and in 1836 he sold the same and the entire tract of land, for $75,000, to the Franklin Land Company, which afterward became the Franklin Silk Company. He also established a tannery soon after he had purchased the interest of Mr. Ladd in the property mentioned, and it is a matter of historic interest to note that he secured in the operation of the tannery the services of John Brown, who later was to attain national prominence through his famous raid in the climacteric period leading up to the Civil war. The enterprise of Mr. Kent found another signal manifestation in 1837, when he erected in the vicinity of his mill, in what is now the village of Kent, a large brick block, containing a hotel, stores, etc. In the winding up of the disastrous affairs of the silk company, in 1843. most of the original property came again into the hands of Mr.. Kent. In 1845 he sold his stock of goods in Ravenna to his sons—Marvin and Charles H.—and, after a successful career of thirty years, retired from active business. His sons sold the mercantile business about fifteen months after assuming control of the same, and their successors also purchased the large brick block which had been erected there by Zenas Kent. The residence property adjoining the store was sold somewhat later. and this terminated Mr. Kent's identification with business and capitalistic interests in Ravenna. lie was one of the organizers of the Franklin Bank, of Portage county. in 1849, and became president of the same at the time of its incorporation, holding this executive office until the bank closed its business in 1864, to be succeeded by the Kent National Pal*. in which Mr. Kent became the largest stockholder and was elected president, an office of which he continued incumbent until his death. In 185o he instituted the erection and equipment of a cotton factory, and at the same time erected for his own use a fine residence. When the same was completed he removed from Ravenna to Franklin, where his financial interests had become centered. This removal was made in 1851, and in the spring of 1853 he was elected treasurer of the Atlantic & Great Western Railroad, which position he resigned in May of the following year. In 1860 he removed to the city of Cleveland and took up his residence in a fine home which he had erected on Euclid avenue. There his cherished and devoted wife died on the 21 st of October, 1864, soon after the anniversary of their golden wedding, and in the following month he returned to Franklin, the name 0f which place had been changed to Kent, where he continued to reside until his death, in the fulness of years and well earned honors. Concerning the personality of the subject of this memoir the following statements have been written and are well worthy of perpetuation in this article : "Mr. Kent was not marked by any brilliant or dashing characteristics. He possessed good common sense, to which were added indomitable will, native shrewdness, and unflagging energy, and, better than all, an inflexible integrity which gave him the confidence of all with whom he had dealings. As a tradesman he was more methodical than speculative, and his devotion to his business was almost unparalleled, his management always safe and prosperous. As a specimen of the spirit of his integrity it may be stated that when the Franklin Silk Company tendered him the presidency of their banking department he required them to place in his hands the means to redeem their issues, saying that he would place his name upon no paper without the power to protect it from dishonor. The arrangement was made. The disastrous history of the silk company is well known, but their paper was redeemed, dollar for dollar. Mr. Kent's business life was a grand success, and he left an estate estimated to be worth fully $300,000. In personal appearance Mr. Kent was tall, remarkably erect, of graceful carriage and dignified mien. He was not so much given to sociability as many, but was nevertheless pleasant and agreeable in all his relations. Though popular as a tradesman, by reason of his fairness and honesty, he formed few intimate friendships and would never bend the pregnant hinges of the knee that thrift might follow fawning!. Underneath a natural dignity, bordering at times upon austerity, he carries a warm and sympathetic heart. He never forgot a kindness done him, and the few friendships he formed were retained until the last. His personal habits were remarkable. He never used tobacco or other stimulant, and for thirty years never had an hour's illness." Mr. Kent was never lacking in loyalty and 748 - HISTORY OF THE WESTERN RESERVE public spirit of a practical order. In a thoroughly unostentatious way he gave much to worthy charitable and benevolent objects and institutions, as well as to individual persons deserying of his aid and sympathy. His nature was strong and true, with perhaps a touch of austerity, as has already been intimated. He knew men at their real value and had no toleration of deceit or meanness in any of the relations of life. He did not come so largely to the attention of the public eye as did many of his contemporaries who accomplished less and who did less for the world, but he felt the responsibilities which success and wealth impose and, ever endeavored to live up to these responsibilities, in the straightforward, undemonstrative way characteristic of the man. His name merits an enduring place on the roll of the honored and valued pioneers. of the Western Reserve. Mention has already been made of the marriage of Mr. Kent and also of the death of the one who was ever his devoted companion and helpmeet. They became the parents of thirteen children, of whom nine were living at the time of his death, and of whom only one now survives. On other pages of this work appears a memorial tribute to his son Marvin, who wrote his name large upon the annals of the Western Reserve. MARVIN KENT.-A life conspicuous for the magnitude and variety of its achievement was that of the late Marvin Kent, of Kent, Portage county, Ohio, where his death occurred on the l0th of December, 1908. He was one of the distinguished and honored figures in the history of the Western Reserve, and he was a son of Zenas Kent, a sterling pioneer to whom is dedicated a specific memoir, appearing on other pages of this work. Such notable accomplishments as must be attributed to Marvin Kent offers, per se, voucher for exalted character, and thus he merits perpetual honor by virtue of the very strength and nobility of his virile manhood'. It is not easy to describe adequately a man who was as distinct in character and who accomplished so much in the world as did Mr. Kent, and the necessary limitations of this article are such as to permit only a cursory glance at the individuality and achievements of the man, without extended genealogical research 0r critical analysis of character. His name is perpetuated in that of the thriving little city in which he maintained his home and in whose upbuilding, both civic and material, he was the dominating force. Marvin Kent was born in Ravenna, the county seat of Portage county, Ohio, on the 21 st of September, 1816, and was a son of Zenas and Pamelia (Lewis) Kent, for further information concerning whom reference should be made to the previously mentioned sketch of the life of his father. He was afforded the advantages of the village schools of his native place and as a youth began to assist in the work of his father's mercantile establishment in Ravenna. He was not denied further educational privileges, however, as he was a student for some time in Tallmadge Academy and later in Claridon Academy, both well ordered institutions of the day. In his nineteenth year Mr. Kent was despatched to Philadelphia and New York City to purchase a stock of spring goods for his father, who' gave him instructions to rely upon his own discrimination in making his selections. So admirably did he fulfill the task assigned him that he afforded unqualified pride and gratification to his father, a business man of great acumen. The year after he attained to his legal majority he was admitted by his father to partnership in his various business enterprises at Franklin Mills, now the village of Kent,' but his health became impaired and he was soon compelled to relinquish his connection with the milling and mercantile business at that place. He assumed, however, the management of the tannery there erected by his father, as noted in the sketch of the life of the latter. In 1844 he again identified himself actively with the mercantile business in the village which was later to be named in his honor, and at the same time he became prominently concerned in the operation of the flouring mill that had been erected by his father at Franklin Mills. With the operation of this mill, long one of the best in the Western Reserve, he continued to be identified for a period of nearly twenty consecutive years. In an excellent history of Portage county, published a number of years ago, appear the following significant state ments : "In the early days the pioneers devoted themselves to the task of building up a town on the Cuyahoga river, bringing to bear remarkable energy. Not, however, until the various enterprises were taken hold of by the master hand of Marvin Kent did theories of progress put forward by the old settlers assume practical shape." In 1850 Mr. Kent became associated with others in the erection of an extensive' window-glass factory at Franklin Mills, and the same was placed in successful operation. The same HISTORY OF THE WESTERN RESERVE- 749 year (1850) marked the initiation of the most important enterprise to which he lent the influence of his great executive and administrative powers during his signally active and successful career. This enterprise was one which gained to him a national reputation as one of the able and progressive promoters of railway construction in the country—involving the inauguration and completion of a great public transportation route between the east and the west—the Atlantic and Great Western Railroad, which was designed to form a connecting link between the Erie Railroad and the Ohio and Mississippi Railroad, thus affording a trunk line of uniform gauge from New York to St. Louis. The Atlantic and Great Western now constitutes the four divisions of the great Erie Railroad system between Salamanca, New York, and Dayton, Ohio. In 1851 the requi site legislative authority was secured, but in order to get the charter for the proposed line Mr. Kent found it necessary to personally subscribe for the full amount of stock required by law for the organization and incorporation of the company, as well as to indemnify some of the members of the first board of directors for the payment of one share subscribed by each to render them eligible for election. It was scarcely overweening encouragement which Mr. Kent received, but his determination, his persistence and his self-reliance proved equal to all emergencies and contingencies, and he virtually carried forward the gigantic work alone. Upon the organization of the new company he was made its president, and he continued incumbent of this office until the completion of the road, save for an interim of about three years. Concerning this splendid achievement on the part of Mr. Kent the following has been written : "On the 21st of June, 1864, he had the proud satisfaction of looking back over many years of unremitting labor and anxiety at last crowned with success, and also of driving home the last spike in the last rail. In his speech, on that occasion, he referred to the fact that on the 4th of July, 1853, he broke ground for the new road, by removing the first shovelful of earth with his own hands. There were none then to withhold from Mr. Kent a most generous compliment for the completion of this road, which, uniting the Erie and the Ohio and Mississippi Railways, formed a grand continental line from New York to St. Louis. On the completion of the Atlantic aid Great Western Railroad a meeting was called at Dayton, Ohio, June 21, 1864. President Marvin Kent announced the object of the meeting. T. W. Kennard, William Reynolds, president of the Pennsylvania and New York division of the road, H. F: Sweetser, general superintendent, and Mr. Kent then proceeded to lay the last rail. The ceremony of spiking was introduced with considerable merriment, Mr. Kennard driving the first spike in the last rail at four sturdy blows. Others followed in succession, one or two driving home in three, but the major portion in from four to a dozen sledge-hammer strokes each. At ten. o'clock in the morning President Kent took the sledge and addressed the company briefly, as follows : Gentlemen: Before proceeding to drive the last spike, I desire to call your attention to the fact that on the 4th of July, 1853, in company with several warm friends of this enterprise, we proceeded to the line of this railway and broke the first ground, and as I had the pleasure of removing the first earth it is especially gratifying to me to be present on the occasion of laying the last rail and driving the last spike. But, before performing this last service, permit me to express my obligation to the gentlemen who have contributed so largely to the success of this enterprise. I allude to T. W. Kennard and James. McHenry, Esqrs. Those gentlemen, by their energy, their perseverance, and their great financial ability; have achieved the great end which we had in view, and had it not been for the success that attended their efforts in prosecuting this great work we would not be assembled on an occasion so important and interesting as this. Before closing these remarks I should do great injustice to one other gentleman by omitting to acknowledge my obligations for the valuable service he has rendered. I refer to my friend here, J. W. Tyler, Esq., who has been my confidential legal adviser from the incipiency of the project and who has ever been a steadfast and efficient cooperator in this work. I desire, therefore, that he should drive the spike preceding the last, deeming it befitting that, having commenced the work together, we should together conclude it. In response to the president's brief address an appreciative reply was made by Mr. Tyler, who justly accredited to Mr. Kent the chief honors for having projected the road and carried it forward to completion. Continuing the text of the foregoing quotation, other interesting data are revealed :