200 - HISTORY OF MUSKINGUM COUNTY. CHAPTER XIII AGRICULTURAL AND KINDRED SOCIETIES, STATISTICS, ETC. WHAT is denominated mixed husbandry, describes the farming operations of Muskingum county. The farms are generally small, there being few extensive landowners in the county. Tenantry exists only to a very limited extent. The consequence is the largest product of the field in stock, cereals, vegetables and fruits is secured. The valleys of the Muskingum and Licking rivers are equal to any in fertility in the state. In the production of corn in 1873, according to the report of the commissioner of statistics of Ohio the general average of the Muskingum valley is greater than that of any other valley in Ohio, except one. All the 'vegetables, grains and fruits of the climate are here produced. In the vicinity of Zanesville, the lands are chiefly devoted to gardening and farming on a small scale.. More remotely from the center, stock-raising and farming in the usual acceptation of the term are followed, and considerable portions of the land are given up to timothy and red clover. Muskingum is one of the largest sheep-growing counties in the state—in fact among the most extensive in the Union. Cattle of the Devon and Durham breeds here raised have taken numerous first premiums at the Ohio state fairs and at various county fairs of this and adjoining counties. During the last few years increased attention has been given to the breeding of the best strains of horses, and at the present time, both for the turf and the road; Muskingum county boasts a class of horses among the best blooded in the United States. In this particular, no expense has been spared, and wherever, throughout the Union, a horse possessing superior qualities has become known, his stock is here found. In horse-raising, Muskingum county, at this time, in the quality of stock raised, does not rank inferior to any county in the state, and the interest taken in it is constantly increasing. There cannot be a doubt that all the conditions of soil; water and climate are here abundantly supplied for stock-raising, and every farmer thus engaged realizes a good profit on his labor and investment. Orchards are abundant. Grape culture is most successful. Numerous vineyards have been planted. At the State horticultural fair of 1872, was seen the finest collection of fruits ever exhibited in Ohio, and of those fruits those of Muskingum county received the first premium. The Ohio state fair was held at Zanesville, in the fall of 1859. Fifty-seven years ago 300 acres of bottom land on the north side of the Muskingum, opposite Zanesville, extending a long distance up the river was one vast wheat field. This large area was seeded in wheat by a then prominent man named Taylor. All this then immense crop was harvested with the old fashioned cradle and sickle. Twenty-five stalwart cradlers, one behind the other, each followed by a raker and binder, were seen in that field in July, 1835. In the West it is no unusual thing to sow a thousand acre field in wheat, but it is a " picnic" to cut, bind, thrash, clean and sack the entire crop ready for market by horse or steam power applied to modern agricultural machinery. To harvest such a crop by the best methods known at the time of which mention has been made would have required a small army of laborers. An interesting paper written by Mr. Z. M. Chandler of the Ninth ward, Zanesville, gives figures of value here. He says: " In 1829 I saw good merchantable side pork sold on the levee at New. Orleans at $12 per thousand pounds, to be used as fuel on a steamboat. Corn to justify shipment next to wheat was the most important article of trade. As there was no other means of disposing of the surplus corn, whisky was manufactured, up to about 1840, in large quantities, and shipped South. Prices of farm products up to about the year 1839, when important changes took place in this market, owing to the completion of the Ohio canal, ranged about as follows: Wheat from twenty-five to sixty cents per bushel. Flour sold at the mills at $2 per barrel, and corn sold as low HISTORY OF MUSKINGUM COUNTY - 201 as twelve and one-half cents per bushel. Heavy pork for packing sold at $1.50 to $2.50 per hundred. Beef sold at from one to three cents per pound. Good milch cows were sold at $6 to $12. The latter price was seldom obtained before 1840. Good butter was from five to 10 cents a pound. Horses at that time were in price about equal in proportion to other articles of trade. Whisky was sold at from twelve and one-half to sixteen and two-thirds cents per gallon. Chickens sold at seventy-five cents to $1 a dozen, eggs at from three to five cents a dozen." Early in 1840 prices were as follows: Wheat fifty cents, flour $3 a barrel, corn twenty cents, oats twelve cents, rye thirty cents, eggs four cents per dozen and chickens fifty cents to seventy-five cents per dozen. Produce was plentiful, but wheat was the only article that brought ready cash and the farmers were careful to save it to pay .taxes and interest on their mortgages. In November, 1843, wheat sold for fifty cents a bushel; produce was low, but the crops were good. Flour was $3.25, corn eighteen and three-fourths to twenty-five cents, pork one and one-half to two cents. These prices ruled in 1846 : Wheat, fifty cents; flour, $3.25; pork, $2.50; beef, one and a half to two cents; corn, twenty cents; eggs five to eight cents per dozen; chickens, seventy-five cents a dozen; turkeys, thirty-one to thirty-seven and a half cents each; wood, $1 per cord; coal, three and a half cents per bushel. At prices paid for labor in the workshop, the workmen earned two bushel of wheat per day and other produce in proportion — say five bushels of corn or fifty pounds of beef or pork per day. In the harvest field, one bushel of wheat was paid for a day's work, which was a universal custom. The pioneers brought with them fruit and garden seed. So soon as a clearing was made the seeds were planted, that food might be raised for the families. The apple, quince, peach, plum and cherry seeds were soon grown in nursery and thence taken to every new clearing. From these nurseries came the finest fruit, such as the Putnam russet, Rhode Island greening, Newtown pipin, Seek-no-further, Summer sweet, Early Chandler, Burlingame pears, with a few other varieties, black and red Murello, Mayduke and other cherries. Seedling peaches and grapes soon followed. Valuable information concerning the first fruit orchards in the Muskingum valley is to be found in the following interesting sketch of the eccentric " Johnny Appleseed," by Dr. H. S. Nye: "The first peach seeds planted in Ohio were in the garden of Maj. John Doughty, in the stockade at Fort Harmer, at the mouth of the Muskingum river, in 1786, and they bore fruit about 1790. One variety was cultivated in the county many years after. Israel Putnam and Captain Jonathan Devol planted nurseries on the Muskingum, above Marietta, from 1790 to 1800, from which trees were planted in all the new settlements and from which came the fine fruit, Rhode Island greenings, Newtown pippins, Putnam russets and Seek-no-furthers. The Burlingame pear originated from a seed found in a trunk brought from Massachusetts by Christopher Burlingame, one of the pioneers, and is still cultivated. It is a constant, hardy bearer, and much valued by the cultivators. The Rome Beauty originated in Belpre. A man from Rome township, Lawrence county, in buying trees from a nursery in Belpre, found a shoot from the stalk below the bud or graft and separated it with root, planted, nursed and trimmed it till it bore such fine fruit that he named it Rome Beauty. Mr. Corpse, of Beverly, originated a fine tree and called the fruit Corpse Seedling. It is quite a good apple, dark crimson color, white flesh, medium sized early winter and a good keeper. ' Johnny Appleseed,' properly John Chapman, was born in Massachusetts. As early as 1780 he was seen along the banks of the Potomac in Eastern Virginia. He was a very eccentric man. Esteem, benevolence and kindness of heart were his characteristics. He lived on bread and milk when he could get them, traveled about a great portion of his time, would not kill any animal or insect, never used a gun; was Swedenborgian in religion; thought himself a messenger sent into the wilderness to prepare the way of the people, and really did do that in many ways. He gathered apple seeds little by little from the cider presses of Western Pennsylvania, putting them carefully in leathern bags, and transporting them, sometimes on horseback or muleback, to the Ohio, and by boat to the mouth of the Muskingum, and up the river, planting seed in wild, secluded spots along its numerous branches. Later in life he continued his operations further West, even to Indiana. When his trees were ready for sale he left them in charge of some pioneers to sell for him at a 'fippenny bit' apiece or to give to applicants who were too poor to buy them. Some of his nurseries were in the Walhonding valley. Many of his orchards were scattered over Knox, Richland, Ashland, and other counties further east. One nursery was located in Indianfield, or Owl Creek, Knox county. Some of his trees are still growing 202 - HISTORY OF MUSKINGUM COUNTY. (1881). His residence was near Coshocton prior to and during the war of 1812. His operations in the Muskingum valley were quite extensive. It was his highway of travel to and from the Pennsylvania cider presses. While he continually extended his nurseries further west, he kept up those he had established in the valley, and frequently visited them on his journeys back and forth. One nursery was in Newcastle township, Coshocton county. The spot is now pointed out, and an immense apple tree of his planting is referred to in a published history of that township. He was a regular minister of the church of New Jerusalem and carried books and tracts relating to his religion and read them and gave them away to people where he stopped. He owned and donated lots to persons in Mount Vernon, in 1828. Besides apple trees, he extensively scattered vegetable seed, dogfennel, pennyroyal, mayapple, horehound, catnip and wintergreen to be used as medicines. In 1836, he began operations in Indiana, having a sister living there. In the spring of 1847, being fifteen miles from one of his nurseries on the St. Joseph river, word came to him that cattle had broken in and destroyed his treees. He started immeately for the place. When he arrived he was much exhausted in strength, for by this time he was old and feeble. He lay down that night never to rise. A fever set in and in a few days he died and was buried in David Archer's graveyard, two miles north of Fort Wayne. Thus ended a most wonderful life, devoted to raising and disseminating apple trees from Pennsylvania through Ohio to Indiana, as well as other plants, and preaching and practicing his benevolent Christianity throughout a large portion of our- western country." Among those who gave attention to fruitgrowing, in -Muskingum county in earlier days, were John McIntire, John Matthews, Isaac Van Horne, John Townsend, William Culbertson, Isaac Dillon, Charles Gilbert, Seth Adams, Rev. C. Springer and others. Later leading horticulturists have been Thomas McLees, C. Hall, Levi Scott, N,. F. Claypool, James Heenan, Martin Hoosan, John. Granger and Henry Gray. Following are Muskingum county's latest available agricultural statistics: There were 22,723 acres sown to wheat in 1889, and 275,434 bushels were produced. In 1890, 27,139 acres were sown to this crop. In 1889—'90 1,234,465 bushels of oats were produced. In 1890, 2,008 bushels of barley were produced. About 28,440 acres were planted to corn that year and about 1,000 acres less in 1890. The total product in corn was 984,999 bushels shelled. In 1890, 22,600 pounds of broom corn were raised The hay output was 49,099, the hay average having been 42,496; 5,434 acres were devoted to clover and 5,897 tons were grown; the bushels of seed aggregated 3,173; 202,066 gallons of milk were sold for family use; of butter, 832,817 pounds were made in home dairies and 200 pounds in factories and creameries. In 1889, 1,710 acres were planted to potatoes and 143,403 bushels were produced. In 1890, 1,520 acres were planted. In 1890 the number of eggs produced was 656,270 dozen. About 2,000 gallons of wine were produced in 1890. Of sweet potatoes, 3,617 acres were produced. Fruit statistics: Acres occupied, 7,022; bushels of apples produced, 200,440 bushels; peaches, 32,173 bushels; pears, 2,720 bushels; cherries, 2,396 bushels; plums, 181 bushels. In 1889 the county produced 664,906 pounds of wool. Then were owned within its limits 8,651 milch cows and 63 stallions. In the following figures are exhibited the number of horses, cattle, mules, etc., returned to the auditor of state's office by the Muskingum county auditor, for the years 1889 and 1890: Horses, 1889, 11,503; 1890, 11,880. Cattle, 1889, 25,862; 1890, 25,792. Mules, 1889, 350; 1890, 338. Sheep, 1889, 129,469; 1890, 120,823. Hogs, 1889, 15,155; 1890, 18,378. The Muskingum County Agricultural society was organized January 21, 1848, under an act of the Ohio legislature for the encouragement of agriculture passed about two years earlier. The following named were the first officers: Cornelius Springer, of Springfield township, president; George W. Gibbons, of Wayne township, vice-president; James L. Cox, of Zanesville, treasurer; Uriah Park, of Zanesville, secretary. There was a board of managers thus constituted, all the members of which are long dead: Caleb Hall, of Blue Rock township, Mathew Gillespie, of Springfield, township; Philo Buckingham, of Wayne township; Benjamin Wheeler, of Zanesville, and Isaac Dillon, of Falls township. The first formal exhibition or fair under the auspices of this society was held in the fall of 1848, but informal exhibitions of the agricultural interests of the county were held in two or three previous years. The first exhibition was held in the old market house. The premium list amounted to £400. The first fair grounds were situated in Springfield township and comprised about twenty acres of land since the property of Howard Stanbery. These grounds proving too small, a more commodious tract situated about half a mile south of the former site, on the old Cooper Mill road, was HISTORY OF MUSKINGUM COUNTY - 203 purchased, and necessary buildings were erected thereon. During the war the fairs were not held for several years, and the fair grounds were turned into a military camp known as Camp Goddard, in honor of Gen. Charles B. Goddard. The officers in 1865 were James Buckingham, president; Valentine Best, treasurer, and F. A. Seborn, secretary. December 23, that year, the board of directors organized and elected the following officers: Valentine Best, president; W. P. Imlay, vice-president; James Buckingham, treasurer; F. A. Seborn, secretary. The present officers are M. R. McClelland, president; J. H. Crooks, vice-president; J. D. Mercer, secretary; C. A. Meriam, treasurer. Members of the board: B; N. Jones, Sonora; J. H. Swart, Zanesville; James Brant, Zanesville; James E. Tanner, Zanesville; T. D. Adams, Dresden; J. H. Crooks, Zanesville; J. D. Mercer, Carlwick; J. T. Roberts, White Cottage; Fuller VanVoorhis, Chandlersville; W. A. Baldwin, Zanesville. The Muskingum County Horticultural society was organized January 15, 1869, and `adopted the following CONSTITUTION. SECTION I. This society shall be known as the Muskingum County Horticultural Society. SEC. 2. The object for which this society is organized shall be the advancement of horticultural knowledge. SEC. 3. The officers of this society shall consist of a president, vice-president, secretary, treasurer, and an executive committee of-three members; all of whom shall be elected at each annual meeting. upon the second Thursday of December of each year, and serve until their successors are elected. SEC. 4. The president, or in his absence the vice-president, shall preside at all meetings of the society and the executive committee. In the absence of both, a presiding officer shall be appointed by the meeting. SEC. 5. The secretary shall keep a record of the proceedings of the society and attend to all necessary correspondence; he shall also receive all moneys due the society and pay over the same to the treasurer. Sec. 6. The treasurer shall receive from the secretary all moneys of the society, pay out the same upon the order of the secretary, countersigned by the president; shall keep account of all receipts and disbursements, and report the condition of the finances annually. SEC. 7. The executive committee shall have a general supervision of all matters pertaining to the welfare of the society; it shall have power to call special meetings, when, in its judgment, it shall be necessary. SEC. 8. Any person may become a member of the society by the payment of 50 cents. Membership shall be annual and cease with the expiration of the current year for which the fee has been paid. SEC. 9. All elections of the society shall be by ballot, conducted by two tellers appointed by the presiding officer. SEC. 10. This constitution or any by-law may be altered or amended at any regular meeting upon a vote of two-thirds of the members present—notice of such amendments having been submitted in writing at the previous regular meeting. BY-LAWS. ARTICLE I. The regular meetings shall be held at members' residences by invitation; in summer, on the second Thursday of each month, at i o'clock P. M. The winter meetings shall be held at the convention room in the court house unless otherwise provided for. ART. 2. It shall be the duty of all officers to attend every regular meeting of the society, and at the, close of their official terms to hand over all books and papers in their possession to their successors. ART. 3. The committee on fruit shall have charge of all fruits on exhibition, and at the close of each meeting shall return the same to the exhibitors. The constituent members and officers were as follows: William Imlay, president; S. Jacobs Moore, vice-president; William J. Townsend, secretary; W. A. Graham, treasurer. Board: A. McFarland, James Turner, Silvers Porter and William A. Burroughs; and S. R. Moore, G. C. Townsend, M. Dulty, H. G. Andrews, James K. Peabody, A. M. Huston, C. C. Hollingsworth, H. Jeff. Van Horne, H. G. O. Cary, Jacob Mercer, A. K. Culbertson, Charles J. Werner, Dr. H. S. Nye, J. W. Andrews, George I. Vroom and Alex. Grant. Officers for 1892: George C. Townsend, president; P. Cashbaugh, vice-president; S. R. Moore, recording and corresponding secretary; Theo. Dietz, treasurer;. Johnson Beattie, J. S. Marcellus, G. K. McFarland, executive committee. Special committees : Fruits—J. Beattie, George Kime, C. B. Sweet land, Jesse Atwell. Vegetables—Theo. Dietz, Mrs. Carter, A. F. Vest, Charles Galligher. Flowers—A. R. Edwards, Mrs. J. Beattie, Mrs. Marcellus,_ Miss Lida .E. Moore, Miss Julia Brown. Nomenclature—S. R. Moore, George Kime, W. J. Townsend, C. B. Sweetland, J. S. Marcellus. Orchards—J. Beattie, George Kime, 304 - HISTORY OF MUSKINGUM COUNTY G. K. McFarland, William M. Wyley, Joseph Love. Entomology—B. F. Leslie. Ornithology — Dr. H. S. Nye. Small fruits-Peter Cashbaugh, G. McFarland. Ornamental planting—S. R. Moore: VineyardsC. B. Sweetland. Table—Mrs. S. J. Moore, Mrs. J. S. Marcellus, Mrs. B. F. Leslie, Mrs. J. Beattie, Mrs. Peter Cashbaugh, Mrs. Theo. Dietz. Regular meetings are held on the second Tuesday of each month. All are invited to attend. This is a county institution, and you are certainly interested, if you have the interests of your county at heart, whether you be raiser or consumer. Please give your name, influence and encouragement. CHAPTER XIV POLITICAL HISTORY. LISTS of county and court officials, and representatives in the legislature and in congress contain the names of many Muskingan county men, who have risen toy political distinction. Special mention of a few will be of interest here. The lamented James A. Garfield was once a teacher in Blue Rock township, this county. Lewis Cass was prosecuting attorney 1804-12, member of the legislature in 1806, governor of the territory of Michigan, minister to France, United States senator from Michigan, secretary of state and secretary of war. Wyllis Silliman was chosen president judge of common pleas court in 1803, was register of the general. land office in 1805, helped move the state papers from Chillicothe to Zanesville in 1810, was a representative in the Ohio legislature in 1828, was appointed solicitor for the United States treasury by Andrew Jackson, and performed other important public duties. Samuel Herrick was prosecuting attorney of Guernsey county in 1810, was United States district attorney in 1810 and in 1819, succeeded Lewis Cass as prosecuting attorney of Muskingum county in 1812, was prosecuting attorney for Licking county in 1814, and was member of congress from this district 1817-21. Alexander Harper was representative in the Ohio legislature, 18201821, president judge of the court of common pleas 1822-36, and member of congress 1837-39, 1843-47 and 1851-53. Appleton Downer was member of the legislature in 1831. Charles B. Goddard was representative in the legislature 1838-39, state senator, 1845-48 and speaker in 1847-48. John C. Stockton was clerk Of the supreme and common pleas courts of Muskingum county 1812-17, prosecuting attorney 1818-20 and representative in the legislature in 1827. Thomas Ewing ("Old Tom"), state senator in the 29th general assembly, was a member of the Muskingum county bar, and was a favorite political speaker here in his time. Richard Stillwell was prosecuting attorney 1820-21, president judge of the common pleas court, 1847-51, judge, 1852-54 and member of the constitutional convention in 1850-51. Corrington W. Searle was president judge of the court of common pleas 1836-47 and in 1851-52, and judge in 1855-56. Joshua Mathiot was member of congress 1841-43. Henry Stanbery, who was attorney general of Ohio 1846-52, and attorney general of the United States 1866-68, Was a member of the Muskingum bar. The same may be said of his elder brother, William Stanbery, who was attorney general of the United States, and in 1824-25 a member of the Ohio senate from Licking county. So, also, was Judge Noah H. Swayne, who was representative in the 28th general assembly from Guernsey county in 1829 and was appointed associate judge of the United States supreme court in 1862. Alexander B. S. Culbertson was Ohio representative in 1827. John H. Keith was representative in the state legislature 1832-33 and speaker of the house at the 32d session. Charles C. Conyers was state senator in 1849-50, and speaker in 1350 and judge of the court of comtnon pleas in 1854 and 1855. Napoleon A. Guille was prosecuting attorney 1839-51. Royal T. Sprague became chief justice of the supreme court of California. Philadelphus Van Trump was member of congress from Fairfield county 1867 HISTORY OF MUSKINGUM COUNTY - 205 -73. James M. Love became United States district judge in Iowa. Arius Nye removed to Marietta and was president judge of the common pleas court of Washington county, and represented that county in the legislature and state senate. Nathan Evans was member of congress, Hugh J. Jewett was state senator in 1854 -55, member of the house of representatives in 1868-69 and in 1873-75. George W. Manypenny was clerk of the common pleas court 1841-46, member of the board of public works 1850 and commissioner of Indian affairs in 1880. John O'Neill was prosecuting attorney 1853-56 and member of congress .1863-65. Daniel Conyers Goddard was appointed master commissioner for three years in 1845. William H. Ball was a member of the legislature in 1872 and became judge of the court of common pleas in 1879. Lucius B. Marsh was judge of common pleas 1856-62 and from 1874-79. Samuel Sullivan ("Sunset") Cox, born in Zanesville, October 1, 1824, was appointed deputy clerk of common pleas at the age of fourteen, and was a member of congress from the Columbus district 1857-65 and later from New York. Moses M. Granger was city solicitor of Zanesville in 1865 but resigned in 1866; became prosecuting attorney of Muskingum county in 1866 and resigned that year; was appointed judge of common pleas to fill a vacancy in 1866 and in 1867 was elected for a full term, but resigned in 1871, and in 1872 was made reporter of the supreme court, but resigned in 1874. Robert W. P. Muse was probate judge 1864-70. John Haynes was prosecuting attorney 1861-64. Charles C. Goddard, who has the most extensive law library in Zanesville, has been called to several important positions. Ezra E. Evans was judge of the court of common pleas 1862-66. John A. Blair was member of the legislature in 1856- 58. Daniel B. Gary was prosecuting attorney 1872-74. Daniel B. Linn was state senator 1866-7o and a member of the state board of equalization in 1871. Edward Ball was sheriff 1839-43, member of the legislature 1845-9 and 1868-70, and member of congress 1853-57. Albert W. Train was prosecuting attorney 1866- 68. Simeon M. Winn is the present prosecuting attorney. Milton I. Southard was prosecuting attorney 1868-72 and member of. congress 1873-79, and has filled other official po-sitions. Frank H. Southard is also prominent politically. Fenton Bogley was prosecuting attorney in 1880-81. Edgar W. Allen was clerk of the common pleas court 1870-73. James B. Sheppard was a member of the legislature of the state in 1874-75, William C. Blocksom was city solicitor of Zanesville in 1875-79 and mayor in 1879-80. Reuben Morgan was probate judge 1873-75 John R. Stonesipher was prosecuting attorney 1878-80. Herman F. Achauer was member of the legislature in 1877-78. Henry L. Korte was probate judge 1870-73 and 1875-78. Henry R. Stanbery was city solicitor 1879-80. William H. Cunningham, Jr., was city solicitor in 1881. For further valuable information supplementing this the reader is referred to the chapters detailing the history of the bench and bar of Muskingum county, and containing. full and accurate lists of all officials of Muskingum county and of the city of Zanesville. Following are accounts of several incidents of a political and semi-political character which cannot but interest every citizen of Muskingum county, regardless of age or political affiliation. July 4, 1840, occurred the " great Whig barbecue in Zanesville, the following description of which is extracted from a letter from F. W. Howard (an eye-witness), of Roseville, to his brother in. Boston, dated July 5, 1840: " Yesterday was the proudest day that old Muskingum county ever witnessed. A free barbecue had been prepared by the people of this county, and yesterday was selected for the meeting. * * * Twelve thousand people assembled here. Never before' have I seen so much enthusiasm manifested on any occasion. * * * I arrived in Zanesville on my favorite pony just as the sun was peering over the horizon. The whole town was wide awake. At Main street a scene burst upon my sight such as I never before witnessed. Banners in great numbers, with mottoes, were stretched across Main street; flags, banners, log cabins, etc., were gaily suspended from nearly every Whig house on the street. The people had begun to arrive in small squads. At nine o'clock they began to arrive by the hundreds, bearing banners, flags, eagles, brooms (to sweep the Augean stables clean), Buckeye log cabins one foot or more in size, canoes, etc., etc., etc. Brush Creek (my township) came in with a large delegation, and Newton township behind it, the procession making a splendid appearance. They and other township delegations carried several banners of my own painting. A description of some of them will doubtless be interesting to the reader: BRUSH CREEK, O. K. Give me a sub-treasury and a standing army of 200,000 men. The people expect too much from government. M. VAN BUREN. BOYS, DO You HEAR THAT? 206 - HISTORY OF MUSKINGUM COUNTY. MEIGS. Often outnumbered; never conquered. OHIO PRICE CURRENT. OLD BANK PRICES. Wheat, - $1.25 Oats, - 50 Butter, - 25 , Labor, 1.00 BANK REFORM PRICES. Wheat - .44 Oats - .12 Butter, - .06 Labor - .50 OUR SUFFERINGS ARE INTOLERABLE PERRY. W. H. Harrison and O. H. Perry; one captured an army, the other a fleet. P. S., December, 184o: We have enemy, and they are ours.' SALT CREEK. " The Roseville delegation carried a banner; a picturesque landscape, to illustrate an incident in the battle of Tippecanoe. The log school-house stands in the foreground of a new clearing, among the stumps and logs. A small stream of water, spanned by a primitive bridge, gives beauty to the scene. The express rider from the army, with galloping steed, carrying news to the settlements, has just passed, exclaiming: Harrison has whipped the British and Indians!. The old Irish school-master, with hat in hand, and the larger boys, with the smaller ones following, all rush-pell mell out of the door. 'The master is looking behind, exclaiming: Boys, do you hear that? Hurrah for Harrison! No more school to-day! * * * With these came a large log cabin drawn by four gray horses, with a blue flag on every one of them. The men inside were merry fellows, singing songs and drinking hard cider. The door was wide open and the latch-string out and of a size that could not be pulled in. * * * Then came several township delegations with banners and flags and with all kinds of devices and mottoes. One delegation had a live fox carried on a pall in a canoe. The canoe was painted black, with oars on each side and a rudder at the stern. The mottoe was For Salt River;' the name, Little Magician.' * * * We saw the Guernsey county delegation and another log cabin, then another township delegation, and then another one, and yet one or two more. Then came Tom Corwin's buggy, drawn by thirty-one yoke of oxen—a grand sight. It was built on large timber wheels and would carry over one hundred persons. The seats were extended over the- wheels and were arranged like those of a circus. Then came a large ball, thirteen feet in diameter, drawn by four beautiful gray horses and representing the twenty-six states of the Union, with a motto for each. It was brilliant in colors and reached to the eaves of the two-story houses. As it turned the corner of the street, all the time revolving on its axis, and its brilliant colors flashing in the sunlight, it resembled some huge meteor. * * * The procession was now formed to march out to Mount Tyler to partake of refreshments and hear the addresses of Murphy and Tom Corwin, the latter our candidate for governor, the wagoner boy, so called. We were one hour in forming, and our line of march was through Market street down to Second, and into Main street again. As our part came into Main street, I had a good view of the whole. Every window as far as the eye could see, and the house tops in general were filled with the fair sex and others waving their handkerchiefs to the thousands below. Nine thousand ,ladies waving their white flags inspire enthusiasm. They are all Whigs. God bless them! In our march we stop in front of a three-story building filled with them. Each division stops to give them a cheer, and they give us national songs. From the time we entered Main street until we left at the other end, there was one continual cheer and waving of flags. The old soldiers were there; some of whom fought in the revolution, and some'under Harrison. As some of them were getting into carriages, a Locofoco said: There go two more d—d tories! ' and it caused quite a row. A small log cabin was carried by our delegation, and a little girl at a window cried out, 0 give me that little log cabin; do give it to me!' The reply was, 'You must get a, little man first.' It was afterwards given to a lady who sent it to friends in New Jersey." In the latter part of August, 1844, during the Henry Clay-Polk campaign, a few enthusiastic young Whigs of Zanesville conceived the idea of erecting on the courthouse square a handsome liberty pole that should excel anything of the kind ever erected in Zanesville or elsewhere. The committee adopted the plan of a ship's mast submitted by the late Capt. Kearney, a seafaring man. A poplar tree, contributed by the late W. B. Culbertson, who lived a few miles down the river, was cut down and hauled to a place at the rear of the courthouse, where a number of Zanesville carpenters and painters put it in shape. Perry J. Moore superintended this labor, as well as the raising. Meantime political excitement ran high. The Locofocoes threatened that the pole should never be erected, and it was HISTORY OF MUSKINGUM COUNTY - 207 guarded. by T. F. Baker, who had been a soldier under Gen. Harrison, who staid by it, rifle in hand, not only while it was being made ready, but for many nights after it was raised. September 9, 1844, there was a big Whig mass meeting at Zanesville, and the pole was raised the' previous afternoon in the presence of several thousand persons, many of whom had come' from distant parts of the county, some of them from adjoining counties. The word was given by the late Gen. Charles B. Goddard, and up went the pole, amid the wildest cheers. Then a United States flag, made by the ladies of Zanesville, and by them presented to the young Whigs, was produced and received with great demonstrations of enthusiasm. It is said this flag was of silk, and the material of whith it was composed cost $125. When it had been run up about, 100 feet the cord became foul and the flag could be neither raised nor lowered. Some malevolent Locofoco had caused, the trouble. Edmund Brush, father of Dr. Edmund C. Brush, of Zanesville, had had some facility in climbing masts, having had some seafaring experience, and he soon made his way up to the flag and placed the cord right, amid the huzzas of the crowd. While' the flag was being run up, the Whigs sang the following song, contributed for the occasion by the late D. J. Culbertson and W. T. McKibben,' members of the Zanesville Clay Club: Come raise the flag! Come raise the flag! As brothers let us join the band; We'll raise it high, its folds shall fly, Muskingum's sign to all the land. Come raise the flag! Come raise the flag! Of history the emblem bright; Its cheering gleams like sunny beams, Shall chase the murky clouds of night. Come raise the flag! Come raise the flag! And nail it, high upon the mast. It ne'er shall fall till every thrall From freedom's hei-itage is past. Come raise the flag! Come raise the flag! Free to the winds its stars be given, And freedom's friend shall see them blend In beauty with the stars of heaven! Come raise the flag! Come raise the flag! By every breeze it shall be blown, Thro' summer's heat, thro' winters' sleet Till Clay as president we own! Come raise the flag! Come raise the flag! Let cheers salute its glorious form; In mingled glow its colors show A rainbow on the scattered storm. Speeches were made by Messrs. Briggs, of Cleveland, and White, of Newark, and the evening's exercises were brought to a close by singing. The pole was 175 feet high, in three sections, joined like a ship's mast by cross trees. It was said to be the finest and best finished liberty pole in Ohio, and its cost was several hundred dollars. About ten feet from the base was a handsome grand stand accessible by an easy stairway to speakers and singers. The pole stood for several months an object of popular admiration and a monument to the enthusiasm of Zanesvillians in a cause that failed. The next day a great mass meeting was held at the old elm tree, North Sixth street. Around that old elm cluster many interesting memories. It was under that tree that Gen. William Henry Harrison delivered, in 1840, his famous speech, the last political address of his life. There too Torn Ewing and Tom Corwin delivered their greatest political speeches in the campaign of 1844. There was a meeting of five men at the residence of H. C. Howells, in Putnam, June 24, 1833, which is of considerable interest in this connection. Mr. Howells was one of the five. The four others were Levi Whipple, A. G. Allen, Thomas Gurney, and M. B. Cushing. They met to discuss the subject of slavery and oppression, with a view to attempt the organization of a society on the broad principle of total emancipation as soon as possible." On the following Saturday evening the following named persons met at Mr. Whipple's office, on (now) Muskingum avenue and organized a " Societyfor The Promotion of Freedom and Universal Rights," Levi Whipple, chairman; John Goshen, Thomas Gurney, Horace Nye, H. C. Howells, M. B. Cushing, John Quigley, Charles Matthews, William Joiner and A. G. Allen. A constitution presented by a previously appointed committee consisting of Messrs. Whipple, Howells and Allen, was signed by every one present except Messrs. Matthews and Goshen. July 4th, following, a public meeting was held in the Zanesville Presbyterian Church, at which the constitution was amended and the name of the association was changed to The Muskingum County Emancipation Society to Promote the Abolition of Slavery and Oppressive Laws." Though it was not numerously signed in the city, this constitution was soon endorsed by the signatures of 220 persons in different parts of the county. A monthly concert for prayer for the abolition of slavery was established October 26 following, It was first held in the Stone academy and later for many years in the basement of the Presbyterian church in Putnam on the evening of the last Monday in each month. A colored adults' bible-class was formed, and later a Sunday-school for colored 208 - HHSTORY OF MUSKHNGUM COUNTY. people, the classes of which later were merged with those of the regular Sunday-school from which they did not separate until the colored people organized churches and Sunday schools of their own. In the winter of 1834 petitions were signed in the county and forwarded to the state legislature, praying for the consideration of the condition of Ohio's colored population particularly that they might be permitted to testify in the courts and have the benefit of the school fund; and to congress, asking for the immediate abolition of slavery in the District of Columbia and of the slave trade between the states. Prior to this time a colonization society had been formed and now, to considerable extent, the two organizations differed and some active opposition had developed between them; but late in 1835 the members of the two societies united in a petition both to the Ohio legislature and to the national congress renewing the requests made by friends of emancipation a year before. Ht was about this time that Jacob Stout, a member of the society, was fined $50 for employing a colored man, Mark Turner, and, taking exceptions to this decision, the society employed Messrs. Goddard & Convers in his defense. A state convention was appointed to be held in Putnam, April 22, 1835. During the preceding March, Theodore D. Weld, afterwards distinguished as an abolitionist orator, accepted an invitation to deliver some addresses here. His efforts created great excitement and roused much opposition to the society. Opponents of abolition disturbed the meetings, and April 11, a committee was appointed to confer with the .prosecuting attorney relative to having Mr. Weld protected in his right of free speech. Richard Stillwell, afterwards Judge Stillwell, then filled that office. The convention was broken up by riotous persons from "over the river, who threatened to burn the dwellings of Mayor Nye, Mr. A. A. Guthrie and Mr. Howells. There being no municipal government in Putnam, these dwellings were guarded by their owners and their owners, friends. When the Ohio Anti-Slavery society again assembled here, in May, 1839, the feeling of hostility against the movement had to a degree decreased, but the announcement of the appointed meeting seemed to fan the flames of opposition to fury again. Several inflammatory documents were circulated, among them a dozen headed "Resurrection of Abolitionists in Putnam." This was characterized by the most scathing vituperation and of a quality to arouse the evil passions of lawless persons. Abram France allowed the horses of delegates to stand in his stable, and for that offense his barn was set on fire on the night the convention adjourned. The next night the barn of Mr. Whipple was fired for the same reason. One of the rioters, named Michael Casey, was arrested but was rescued en route to the jail, at the lower bridge, by an armed body of his sympathizers and taken to Zanesville. This event led to the determination of a mob to burn Putnam, and with that avowed determination it rushed shouting down Third street and through the bridge. They were driven back by a force of armed police under command of Mayor L. M. Chandler, of Putnam, but retreated reluctantly with deep curses upon the "abolition town," or, as some called it, "nigger" town. An incident of the "underground road" days that concerns Roseville will be found of interest. This related in T. L. Gray's "Reminiscenses of the Early Days of Slavery." Mr. Gray says, in regard to some fugitives that had arrived, he was fearful of keeping them about, so he took them a mile into the country to Mrs. Affadilla Deaver,s and there left them. Mrs. Deaver was going to Zanesville to market the following day and volunteered to take them along. She put straw in the bottom of the wagon for the fugitives to lie on and covered them over with a quilt, loaded her marketing and started, taking no one with her in sight except her son Hiram, a lad of twelve. At the foot of Nigton's hill, near Roseville, the wagon mired and she found herself in the predicament of being stuck fast in the mud and not daring to unload. In a short time Messrs. Wigton, Dills, Walker and Erwing came to her assistance and pried the wagon out of the mud for her, without even so much as asking what it contained. They were all pro-slavery men, and Mrs. Deaver often expressed wonderment as to what they would have thought "had they known they had been wading round in the mud and prying out two big niggers," thus aiding them in gaining what they regarded as unlawful freedom. The Cincinnati Times-Star gives the following sketch of ante-war time happenings here: "Edward W. Cox of the Denison house, was a liberal contributor to the underground railway that scooted slaves to Canada. J. Wesley Gazaway, father of the present minister of Allen temple of this city, was in charge of the Zanesville station. One day Mr. Cox, who resided near Zanesville, was informed that three slaves, the property of Cincinnatus Neal, of Parkersburg, Va., were in the vicinity, and that two English detectives were on their track. Mr. Cox got all the information he could from HISTORY OF MUSKINGUM COUNTY - 208 his unsuspecting informant and gave the tip to Mr. Gazaway in the night time. The latter started from home to look for the slaves, for he knew full well where they would stop. Two days after that, Mr. Gazaway placed in Mr. Cox's hand a telegram . announcing the safe arrival of the slaves in Canada. Soon after the breaking out of the war, Mr. Cox, who had been appointed a clerk by A. V. Barringer, commissary of subsistence, for the post at Parkersburg, moved his family to that place. There was a bitter feeling existing against northern people, but finally a kinship was identified between Mrs. Cox and the old settlers, and the erstwhile Yanks were received into the best society. Mr. Cox, who had found great difficulty in procuring a place of residence, moved into one belonging to Col. W. L. (Mudwall) Jackson, a brother of the famous Gen. T. J. (Stonewall) Jackson. Directly opposite lived Cincinnatus Neal, whose slaves had been spirited away, as related above. One evening while Mr. Cox and his wife were enjoying their hospitality, the host told them a story of how three of his slaves had run away before the war, and although they were tracked to Zanesville by the best English talent, still all trace of them was lost at that point. Mrs. Cox looked at her husband with a horrified expression and Mr. Cox laughed outright. Mr. Neal looked puzzled, but Mr. Cox managed to explain himself, and Mr. Neal never knew that the very man he was entertaining was a. big factor in making it possible for those identical slaves to escape." Edward W. Cox is a son of the late Judge H. J. Cox, who, previous to 1856, was one of the leading business men of Zanesville. J. Wesley Gazaway, in his day, was known to all the people of Zanesville. A lady who was formerly Miss Sarah E. Fawcett, of Zanesville, has in a letter, given the following interesting incident: " When a Mr. Thurston came there from the South to raise recruits for the Texan army, it created much excitement, and the community being largely southern the public sympathy was with the. Texans. Capt. Burroughs enlisted in the cause and soon raised a large company to join Gen. Houston, to fight the Mexicans and for Texan liberty. We girls thought so much of Capt. Burroughs and his bravery in leaving a nice home and business and pleasant associations to risk his life in the defense of liberty, that we resolved to present him and his company with a flag. We passed round a subscription paper and soon raised about $50. I think this was about 1835-36. We bought the material and made a very handsome flag. It was of heavy deep-blue silk, about three yards in length and proportionately wide, trimmed with heavy yellow or golden silk fringe, and bore a spread eagle painted in gilt with a ribbon in gilt suspended from its beak, bearing the motto: ' To the hero of San Jacinto.' The flag staff was of black walnut with brass mountings topped out with a brass tomahawk, with the inscription: 'To Capt. Burroughs and his braves.' I had the honor of holding up one corner of it when it was presented. * * The flag was made at my aged grandmother's house on Third street. * * There were a dozen of us girls that every afternoon for a week met in our front room and worked on the flag until it was finished; the gentlemen, too, often joined us to give advice and help us, particularly with the painting and staff, which they managed entirely. The presentation was made from the door seeps of the residence of Col. James Ragnet, on Fifth street, and Miss Mary Love made a beautiful and appropriate speech. Capt. Burroughs replied with an excellent speech, saying that the beautiful flag presented 'to him should never be dishonored and that if he were spared to return he would bring it back covered with glory. He did bring it back, and it looked, too, as if it had been through many a hard battle. As I remember, some of the girls who stoo.d on the steps with Miss Love were Belinda Thompson, Elizabeth Love, Sarah E. Fawcett, Eliza Galligher and I think Mrs. Ragnet, as she was always ready to help in any emergency. The street was crowded with people from Main to Market when Capt. Burroughs marched up with his brave company. Vote of Muskingum county 1890: Secretary of state—Ryan (R), 5,542; Cromley (D), 5,59o; Lockwood (P),' 334. Congressional vote—Slade (R), 5,511; Owens (D), 5,638; Caton (P), 323. Probate judge–George L. Foley(R), 5,736; Benjamin F. Powers (D), 5,421; H. Jordan (P), 253. Commissioner-- Thomas McLees (R), 5,252; S. M. Rutledge (D), 5,830; Joseph Roberts (P), 284. Sheriff—John H. Drake (R), 5,361; William H. Bolin (D), 5,868; B. I. Felton (P), 264. Prosecuting attorney—William J. Massey ( R), 5,486; Simeon M. Winn (D), 5,659; G. W. Walker (P), 234. Infirmary director—Charles T. Willey (R), 5,712; John Wise (D), 5,427; Isaac McIntire (P), 301. 210 - HISTORY OF MUSKINGUM COUNTY. CHAPTER XV. MISCELLANEOUS STATISTICS. FEBRUARY 4, 1825, an act was passed by F the legislature of Ohio to provide for the internal improvements of the state by navigable canals. The original intention of the legislature was to make the Ohio and Erie canal, extending from Lake Erie to the Ohio river, and the southern end of the Ohio and Maumee canal, from Cincinnati to. Dayton; and, provided Congress made provisions to assist in the work, to extend the last named canal to Lake Erie. The Ohio and Erie canal can scarcely be said to have been completed until 1831-32, nor the Miami and Maumee canal until the locks at Cincinnati were finished in 1834. Muskingum county's navigable streams early gave her commercial prominence and the Ohio canal, then the great route for trade for the State, was connected with the Muskingum river at Dresden. A side cut or branch canal about two and a half miles in length, from the main canal to the river was necessary to perfect the plan. In 1871 the work was so far advanced as to allow the passage of boats, but it was not until a year later that the Muskingum *improvement was completed. Railroads have revolutionized much in Ohio, but perhaps, in no place has the change been greater than in this city. Prior to 1850 her natural advantages placed her Without a peer in the state, but since railroads were introduced much of the commerce that once fell to her has been diverted to other channels, and to-day she stands as only the key to Southeastern Ohio where once she ranked as the first city in the state. Her first line of railroad —the Central Ohio road—was begun in 1850 and extended to Newark, a distance of 26 miles; in 1853 the line was opened to Columbus, and in the latter part of 1854 the line was in operation to Bellaire. This road in 1866 came into. the hands of the Baltimore & Ohio railroad company and became a part of that grand trunk line connecting 'New York and Chicago. The Cincinnati & Muskingum Valley *See chapter IX. road, which was first built as the Cincinnati, Wilmington & Zanesville road, was put into operation at about the same time as was the Steubenville & Indiana road, which is now known as the Pan Handle. The vast area of lands known as Northwest Territory having been ceded March 1, 1784, to the general government, congress passed an ordinance on May 20, 1785, to have these lands surveyed into townships, and placed the work of direction in charge of Thomas Hutchins. Seven ranges, bounded on the east by Pennsylvania and south by the. Ohio, were surveyed and a part of the land located. No further sales were then made till July 1, 1801. The settlement of Marietta had been made in April, 1788, and it needed all the sterling qualities of intellect, wealth and courage to enable the colonists to bear their privations. For months they were destitute of salt, and lived upon fresh meat, milk, and vegetables, and bread made of cornpounded flue in a mortar. It was rumored that up the Muskingum, at some point, were salt springs, but the Indians kept their secret till in August, 1795, a released prisoner stopping at Olive Green gave their location. A party went out at once, and during an absence of a week secured a gallon of salt, made in a camp-kettle. In the summer of 1796 a company was formed, consisting of fifty shareholders, who paid one dollar and a half each, thus securing a capital of seventy-five dollars, to buy castings and erect a furnace to make salt at Dun-can's Falls. Twenty-four kettles were bought at Pittsburg, transported by water to the foot of the falls, and thence packed on horses seven miles to the salt-licks. A well was dug near the edge of the creek, fifteen feet deep, down to the rock which formed the bed of the stream. Through crevices in this rock salt water exuded to the surface. The trunk of a hollow sycamore, three feet in diameter, was settled in the well and so bedded in the rock as to exclude fresh water. A double-range furnace, twelve kettles in each, was built, a small HISTORY OF MUSKINGUM COUNTY -211 shed was placed over the works, and a cabin erected.to lodge the workmen. A sweep and pole were employed to raise water from the well. The company was divided into ten classes of five men each, who served two weeks at a time, with regular watches night and day. Wood was chopped and hauled by aid of a yoke of cattle. The manufacture was equal to 100 pounds of prepared salt in twenty-four hours. Counting the value of labor and the cost of outlay, the price of the salt was about $3 per bushel. It was of poor quality, of a dark color, and impregnated with muriate of lime. The gain to the people was the substitution of labor in place of money, which latter was very scarce. The company continued its organization for four years and then dissolved. The property finally passed to the state, and was leased at a stipulated rent to various parties Borings for salt water along the Muskingum river, and the Licking, Moxahala, and Salt creeks, have uniformly been successful, though, in instances, not profitable to evaporate. About sixty salt-wells have been sunk, but few of them are operated, The water is evaporated by using coal, and while some wells have yielded 7,000 barrels annually, others have not produced half the amount. Men employed in laying the foundation to Power House NO. 2, discovered on December 4, 1891, the old salt well which will be remembered by many of the older inhabitants of Zanesville. The ground on which the power house stands has all been filled in, the supposition being that at one time the bed of the river extended over to the hill. When the surface was several feet lower than it is now, a well was sunk and salt water discovered. No use was ever made of the briny water, but the well was kept open for a number of years and that section was designated as a by the old salt well." In after years, with the construction of the Central Ohio railroad, a large fill was made here and the old well was covered up, and had been entirely forgotten until its discovery on the date mentioned. The well had been true to its mission, though covered from sight, and continued to yield the same salty water. When the large basin was constructed at the power house into which the take-in pipe empties its flow it was discovered that salty water in some way found its way into it. A thick wall was constructed, but the difficulty was not remedied until a brick wall was laid next to it and the whole cemented. In early days the manufacture of salt was one of the principal industries along the Muskingum river. Most of the mills have been allowed to decay, and the industry has almost been forgotten. At Big Bloom, however, a few miles above Malta, one of the mills is still in operation, and the output is second in quality to none in the world. Even this is about to be abandoned, and with its retirement the last evidence of the once important industry will disappear. It is peculiar that this salt water is found so near the banks of the river. The well at the power house is only a few feet from the present bank of the river which is now much further from the hill than it was prior to the construction of the railroad. Below the city, wells situated almost on the river bank give forth salt water, while near by are springs of fresh water. In Madison township, on the old King farm, is a salt spring where hunters used to lie in wait for deer, and within a very few feet is another spring of pure fresh. water. At the power. house is a salt well, at the market house is a fresh well, and on the bank between the river and canal at the foot of Third street is another salt well. The relative positions in which salt and fresh water are found in the Muskingum valley is certainly peculiar. Another fact is that the wells in the northern portion of the county are much weaker than the ones in the southern portion, and are not so rich in the mineral. Just a short distance below the mouth of Wills creek, in Madison township, is a well which was sunk by a syndicate and in turn came near sinking the syndicate, as the water was not rich enough to justify the manufacture of salt from it The well at the power house is much richer, but the maximum is reached in the wells in the southern portion of the county. At Big Bloom, where the only mill in the Muskingum valley is now in operation, the water is very plentiful and yields a large quantity of salt. In the improvements now in progress on the Muskingum river by the government, it was deemed necessary to raise the dam four feet just below this factory. Salt has become so cheap that it is probable it will not be deemed profitable to go to the expense of constructing another factory. If this should prove the case, it will not be many years until the people will learn with astonishment that salt was at one time produced in this county. No class of men deserve a record upon the page of history more than do the pioneers of religious teaching. The following is a partial record of a few of that noble, self-sacrificing band: John Goshen came to Springfield in 1805, and in 1806 he obtained an associate in the person of John Meeks. The former was a local minister of the Methodist Episcopal 212 - HISTORY OF MUSKINGUM COUNTY. church, and united with divine worship on the Sabbath skillful workmanship in building mills and bridges on other days. Rev. Meeks traveled an extended circuit named the Hockhocking. it embraced Newark, Lancaster, and a large portion of the Muskingum valley. In 1806. Rev. Robert Manly, heretofore mentioned, was a preacher in the county. Rev. Jesse Stoneman, a Methodist itinerant, traveled the valley as early as 1802, and 'was more or less known to the early settlers of Muskingum. Wills Creek circuit was organized in 1808, and Rev. James Watts was preacher in charge. Rev. Joseph Thrap settled in the valley of the Licking, ten miles from Zanesville, some time in 181o, and was known as an indefatigable worker. James Quinn labored in and about Zanesville more than half a century ago, and knew the hardships of the road and the troubles of the appointments. Rev. David Young entered the Methodist ministry, in 1804, and was an extensive traveler for years; Zanesville was his home, and here he died in a ripe old age. Rev. Cornelius. Springer became a minister in 1816, and May well be classed as a pioneer minister, since Muskingum has known him as her citizen for sixty-eight years. Rev. Samuel Kaemmerer, of the Lutheran church, has been in charge of a church from very early down to comparatively modern times. William and George C. Sedgwick settled in Muskingum from Virginia about 1824. The former was settled over a country congregation of the Baptist denomination, the latter was a Baptist minister of Zanesville and the publisher of a small newspaper conducted in Baptist interests. Rev. Dr. Joseph Doddridge preached on occasions to the Episcopalians of the city Zanesville in or before the year 1818. He was the first Protestant Episcopal minister not only of Muskingum, but of Central Ohio. He was known as the author of a history of. Virginia and Western Pennsylvania in connection with Indian wars. Bishops Chase and Mcllvaine preached at times in Zanesville from 1827 to 1833 respectively, and about the former date N. G. Baldwin was settled as a regular pastor. Two local Methodist preachers of 1825 were Revs. Cox and Leslie. Rev. Nicholas Snethen preached in Zanesville in 1835. He became. chaplain of congress, and was known as a reputable writer. Revs. J. W. Ragan and Joseph Trimble occupied pulpits in Zanesville in 1832 and 1833. They were regarded as captivating orators and talented thinkers. Rev. John A. Waterman was a pioneer preacher of 1817; preached ten years in Zanesville, and died in August, 1837. Rev. James Culbertson preached in the Presbyterian Church of Zanesville in 1825, and had for his audience the most respectable and influential of her citizens. The Catholic church was early established in Muskingum. Among it prominent supporters were- the Dugans, Taylors, Taggarts, and Hugheses. The first foothold in Ohio was in a few towns, of which Zanesville one. Since that time Catholicism has steadily advanced, till it has a larger money investment in church edifices than any other denomination, and the number of its adherents is also equal to any. Of the earlier Catholic priests, the names of Fathers Young, Wilson, and Montgomery are familiar to old residents. Leonidas S. Hamlin, of New England parentage, came to Zanesville in 1825, and studied law, but never practiced. He entered the ranks of Methodism, preached powerful sermons at campmeetings, and occupied the pulpits of large cities. Was elected a Bishop in 1844, beating Rev. Henry Bascom on the slavery issue, and united editorial duties with those of the pulpit. In the fall of 1803 the Hockhocking circuit was established by the Methodists, and Asa Shinn appointed the preacher. The circuit embraced all or a part of Fairfield, Licking, Delaware, Knox, Coshocton, and Muskingum. Shinn was expected to accomplish his circuit in four weeks, and to preach more sermons than it took him days to make the trip. Regular services were held at the house of, Mr. Walmsley, near the mouth of Wakatomaka. Rev. Shinn wrote "The Plan of Salvation" and "The Rectitude and Benevolence of the Supreme Being." His death occurred January 11, 1853. In the year 1810, Rev. James B. Findley was appointed on the Knox circuit, and held his first appointment at Dick's tavern, where many were swearing and drinking. A class was formed from the employes of Dillon's furnace, consisting of John and Jacob Hooper, J. Dentenhiffer, a convert, Mr. Cooper and wife, and Samuel Gassaway, a colored man. The following account of the .celebration of the Fourth of July, 1814, at Zanesville, will be found interesting: At the time appointed a procession was formed and marched to the court-house. Ceremonies opened by a prayer from Rev. Mr. Fuller. The Declaration was read by William Reynolds, Esq., and pro ceedings closed with an oration by Maj. David Chambers. Dinner was enjoyed at William Marshall's. Gen. Isaac Van Horne acted as president, and Gen. Samuel Her- HISTORY OF MUSKINGUM COUNTY - 213 rick, and Samuel Sullivan, Esq., as vice-presidents. Toasts were then drank with cheers and discharges from a six-pounder. No less than thirty toasts were offered, of which the following is a synopsis of the leading points illustrative of the times: 1st, The Fourth of July, 1776: the day on which the Whigs of America burst asunder the chains of British despotism; 2d, James Madison, President: the inflexible advocate of his country's rights, capable in peace and war to maintain them; 3d, Elbridge Gerry, Vice-President: the veteran patriot, unsullied amidst the storms of faction and the turpitude of treason; 5th, The War: Britain provoked and America declared it,—real Americans should support it to an issue; 6th, The Memory of General George Washington, the founder of the American republic, 7th, Thomas Jefferson, the Author of the Declaration of Independence: a patriot, enlightened statesman, and a philosopher; 9th, The Officers and Soldiers of the Army and Navy: freemen fighting for civil and religious liberty; 12th, British Federalists in America: more dangerous than all foreign enemies; 15th, Our Impressed Seafaring Citizens: for twenty years enslaved on British warships, chained in poisonous holds, flayed at the gangway, protections torn to shreds, their crime the claim of rights as Americans; 16th, Hon. James Caldwell, our Representative in. Congress. Volunteer toasts were offered by Dr. H. Moore, Gen. Van Horne, Samuel Sullivan, Esq., Maj. D. Chambers, William Craig, Esq., Joseph M. Wood, and the last by Gen. Samuel Herrick, .which was, "The Union of the States: banishment or solitary confinement to all those Americans who dare to raise their traitorous ,hands against it." Harmony and conviviality prevailed throughout, and the company dispersed well satisfied. In the fall of 1816, Jacob Lewis shot and killed Samuel Jones, at the mouth of Symmes' creek, north of Zanesville. A jury met December 5th, that year, and indicted him for murder in the first degree. Samuel Herrick was prosecuting attorney; Calvin Pease and Joseph N. Couch were supreme judges; John C. Stockton and Herrick were for the state and Wyllis Silliman, Alexander Harper and S. W. Culbertson were counsel for the accused. After being out two days and nights, the, jury returned a verdict of murder in the first degree. The jurors were Samuel Sullivan (foreman), D. Wilson, James Culbertson, William Craig, Gilbert. Blue, Nathan G. Finley, Lewis Verdan, George Reeves, Michael Peters, John McCleary, Thomas Moorhead and William Blocksom. A solemn and lengthy charge to the prisoner concluded with the sentence that on December 31, "between the hours of ten in the forenoon and two in the afternoon, you be hanged by the neck until you are dead." One respite after another came from Gov. Worthington, who was opposed to capital punishment, and the sentence was finally commuted to imprisonment for life, at Columbus. Zanesville was the scene .of great excitement on the morning set for the execution, and people camefrom a distance of 50 to 6o miles to witness it.. All day long hundreds thronged round the scaffold, which had been erected in the yard at the rear of the courthouse, but their morbid curiosity was ungratified. This is said to have been Muskingum's first murder trial. The following, from the hand of Dr. R. E. Chambers, of Chandlersville, is reminiscent of an early excitement in this county: "In the year 1819 a physician of Putnam, now Zanesville, Ohio, on his return from Marietta, stopped at the village of Chandlersville for the night with Samuel Chandler, the tavern keeper. During the evening, the doctor, who was much inter- ested in geology, asked the landlord, an intelligent man,' and the owner of the salt well which had been operating for some two years, what appeared to be the character of the formation through which they had passed in boring for salt. The answer was that his knowledge was limited, but he well remembered that, at the depth of about 125 feet they encountered a very hard rock, and were only able to cut from a half to an inch per day; that he remembered their finding particles in their sand pumping, that whilst they could not melt they found them malleable. "The doctor was desirous of finding some of the sand. pumpings, and proposed that the next morning they go to the well, and see if they could find even at that late period any of the exhumed formation of the depth below. Their search .was rewarded. The doctor whose name was Conant, took with him to his home in Putnam, the sand pumpings found at the salt well, and with a crucible aided by a blowpipe, succeeded in melting the particles of the siftings, and from the molten particles he succeeded in making a button. .He called to his aid another physician, and the siftings .of the well passed through the crucible a second. time. " Fully satisfied of a silver find, these gentlemen, with others, were not slow in visiting Columbus, the legislature being then in session, and asking for an act of incorporation for a silver mining company, which was speedily granted. The value of shares was fixed at fifty dollars and such was the confidence in the ex- 214 - HISTORY OF MUSKINGUM COUNTY. istence of silver that the stock was soon taken and a company formed. "Our present experience enables us to extract the precious metal from the bowels of the earth by the most improved machinery, but the pioneer had handed down to him the methods of the ancient Egyptians and did know how to apply the horse and the ox, with the aid of the tread wheel, and they were utilized. " The important question that met the silver miner was to locate the silver bearing rock, (if in a rock), and to remove all doubts, it was proposed to use a scraper in the salt well. Though it was desired by the silver mining company to sink the shaft around the well hole, Mr. Chandler refused, as it would destroy his well. They agreed, to sink the shaft forty feet from the well. The scraper was arranged so that the pressure down would close the springs and withdrawing would suffer the springs to scrape the side walls in this way they would find at some point along the well the silver deposit, and it was thought that the rock that Mr. Chandler had described as so hard to drill through was the point at which the silver would be found. The shaft sinking was commenced. The work went on from day to day, and as the point of the expected find was nearing, the energy and watchfulness increased. For it was expected at the depth of 125 feet they would find the precious metal that was to prove a godsend to the hardy pioneer. But 125 feet did not reward his labors by a silver find, but he labored on in hope. Reaching the depth of 140 feet and not .finding silver, it was proposed to run a horizontal shaft in the direction of the salt well. This was objected to by Mr. Chandler, the owner Of the well, and he warned them that if they destroyed his well he would bring suit for damages., Forty feet of a horizontal shaft broke into the salt well when the water came in in great profusion from the opening from above. This was overcome by the use of a canvas sack filled with flaxseed and forced into the opening above. It was then proposed to sink a well around the salt hole, which was done, and in so doing they passed through a seven-foot vein of coal, said by Mr. Hildreth of Marietta to be of good qualities. But it was not coal they were after, and fearing that the object of their search would not be found in that direction, they then tried the experiment of driving a well up the salt hole, when they by blasting dislodged the seed bag and the accumulated water rushed in at such a rate that the miners were reminded of the days of Noah, but were without his, ark. " The men were all safely drawn out, but in a few hours the shaft was filled with water to the depth of forty feet, and all tools, with a pump costing some $400, remain in the well to the present time. Suit was brought against the silver mining company by Mr. Chandler, and he recovered damages to the amount of $1,000, and hence he was charged with having silvered the mine. " While the imperfect exploration did not establish the non-existence of silver, it did find the seven-foot vein of coal. The shaft was abandoned and the work given up, and from that time to the present the drill auger has not been used at this place, but soon, it is expected, that the diamond drill will be used to re-establish the fact of the seven-foot vein of coal, as a party of gentlemen have been entering into agreement with the citizens of this place and vicinity for that purpose, and propose to buy' the coal if its existence is re-affirmed by the drill. So if we do not find silver in its purity, we hope to do so indirectly by the exhuming of coal." Following is an exhibit of Muskingum county's population, according to each successive census from 1810 to 1890, inclusive: 1810, 10036; 1820, 17,824; 1830, 29,334; 1840, 38,749; 1850, 45,049; 1860, 44,416; 1870, 44,886, 188o, 49,774; 1890, 51,210. The population of the county in 1890 was distributed as follows: Adams township, 714; Blue Rock township, 1,070; Brush Creek township, including Cannelsville village, 1,413; Cannelsville village, 177; Cass township, 963; Clay township, including Roseville village, 1,021; Roseville village, 714; Falls township, 1,591; Harrison township,including Taylorville village, 1,250; Highland township, 795; Hopewell township, 1,579 ; Jackson township, including Frazeysburg village, 1,479; Frazeysburg village, 610; Jefferson township, including Dresden village, 1,288 Dresden village, 1,247; Licking township, 872; Madison township, 979; Meigs township, 1,446; Monroe township, 878; Muskingum township, 817; Newton township, including Uniontown village, 2,131; Perry township, 923; Rich Hill township, 1,301; Salem township, including Adamsville village, 872; Adamsville village, 335; Salt Creek township, 1,148; Springfield township, 1,231; Union township, including New Concord and Norwich villages, 1,820; New Concord village, 719; Norwich village, 234; Washington township, 1,038; Wayne township 1,582; Zanesville township (coextensive with Zanesville city) 21,009; Zanesville city, ,ward I, 1,254; ward 2, 1,591; ward 3, 2;392; ward 4, 1,75o; ward 5, 2,672; ward 6, 2,333; HISTORY OF MUSKINGUM COUNTY - 217 ward 7, 2,442; ward 8, 2,411; ward 9, 2,681; ward 10, 1,433. Interesting figures from the assessors' reports to the probate judge show the number of births and deaths during the past year. As usual the sixth ward, of Zanesville, is ahead in the matter of furnishing new born residents, the births numbering '79. The ninth ward comes next with 76, while the eighth ward is a poor third with 48. In both the first and second wards there were more deaths than births. In the townships, .Brush Creek reports the highest number of births, 5o. In Jackson there were 34 births. and 28 deaths. Cass reports 23 births and only 6 deaths, while in Jefferson there were 27 births and 27 deaths. The total number of births was 801 and the whole number of deaths 463. Theefollowing are the figures: Adams, births . 13, deaths 8; Blue Rock, births 18, deaths 7; Brush Creek, births 5o, deaths 23; Cass, births 23, deaths 6; Clay, births 23, deaths I I ; Hopewell, births 13, deaths 12; Jackson, births 34, deaths 28; Jefferson, births 27, deaths 27; Licking, births 28, deaths 19; Meigs, births 19, deaths 8; Madison, births 16, deaths 13; Monroe, births 27, deaths 8; Muskingum, births 20, deaths 15; Salem, births r8, deaths 17; Springfield, births 26, deaths 14; Norwich, births 20, deaths 9; Newton, births 21, deaths 7; Rich Hill, births 18, deaths 8; New Concord, births 18, deaths 9; Salt Creek, births 13, deaths 8; Uniontown, births 9, deaths 4; Duncan's Falls, births i 1, deaths 6; Wayne, births 22, deaths 18; Newtonville, births 14, deaths 6; first ward, births 5, deaths 7; second ward, births 7, deaths i i ; fourth ward, births 23, deaths 13; sixth ward, births 79, deaths 34; seventh ward, births 35, deaths 28; eighth ward, births 48; deaths 28; ninth ward, births 76, deaths 4 r; tenth ward, births 27, deaths 10. Total, births 801, deaths 463. CHAPTER XVI ZANESVILLE'S SETTLEMENT, EARLY BUSINESS, ETC. EBENEZER ZANE and Elizabeth his wife, at the date mentioned therein, executed a deed, of which the following is a copy, of land described to Jonathan Zane and John McIntire. "This indenture, made this nineteenth day December, in the year of our Lord one thousand eight hundred, between Ebenezer. Zane and Elizabeth his wife, of the county of Ohio, and commonwealth of Virginia, of the one part; and and Jonathan Zane, of the county and commonwealth; and John McIntyre, of the county of Washington, in the Northwest territory of the other part; witnesseth: THAT the said Ebenezer Zane and Elizabeth, his wife, for and in consideration of the sum of one hundred dollars, dollars, lawful money of the United States, to them in hand paid, the receipt whereof is hereby acknowledged, and for divers other good causes and considerations them thereunto moving, have granted; bargained and sold, and by these presents do grant, bargain and sell, unto the said Jonathan Zane and John McIntire and their heirs and assigns forever, a certain tract or parcel of land containing six hundred and forty acres, lying and being in the said county of Washington, in the Northwest territory, on the Muskingum river, and bounded as followeth: Beginning at the northwest corner, at a post where a white oak, thirty inches in diameter, bears south twenty-one degrees, east twenty-three links distant, and an elm, six inches diameter, bears north eighty degrees, east twenty-two links distant, thence ran east ninety chains to a post where a butternut tree, sixteen inches diameter, bears north ten degrees east seven links distant, and one other butternut, fourteen inches diameter, bears south fifty degrees, east twenty-five links, thence south eighty chains to a dogwood sappling where an hickory, twenty-four inches diameter, bears north ten degrees east fourteen links distant, and one other hickory, eight inches diameter, bears south sixteen degrees west twenty-six links distant, thence west ninety chains to a post where a white oak, eight inches diameter, bears north sixty-four degrees east twenty-four links distant and an elm, four- 218 - HISTORY OF MUSKINGUM COUNTY. teen inches, diameter bears south ten degrees west six links, thence north eighty chains to the place of beginning. To have and to hold the said six hundred and forty acres of land with the appurtenances unto the said Jonathan Zane and John McIntire and their heirs and assigns forever as tenants in common and not as joint tenants. In witness whereof the said Ebenezer Zane and Elizabeth his wife hereunto set their hand. and affixed their seals the day and year first above written. EBENEZER ZANE. [ SEAL]. ELIZABETH ZANE. [SEAL]. "Signed, sealed and delivered in the presence of Isaac Zane and John Bryson. "Washington county ss., Newton, December twenty-fourth, one thousand eight hundred, personally appeared Isaac Zane and John Bryson before Henry Smith, one of the justices of the. peace for the county of Washington, and made solemn oath that the within named Ebenezer Zane and Elizabeth Zane acknowledged the within deed to Jonathan Zane and John McIntire to be their act and deed for the use therein mentioned. HENRY SMITH, Justice of the Peace. Washington county ss., January 3, 1801. The foregoing deed is a true copy. DUDLEY WOODBRIDGE, Recorder. Jonathan Zane and John McIntire proceeded to lay out a town. The plat of Zanesville was filed for record April 28, 1802. The town was laid out in the southeast corner of the Zane grant, and extended nearly to the Muskingum river on the west. The east line was the west line of Seventh street, the south line was the north line of South street, and the north line was the south line of North street. Lots 8 and 16 in the 13th square were by the plat appropriated for a market house, and lots 5, 6, 7 and 8 in the 12th square (the court house lot) "for other public uses." The first lot sold was to Noah Zane, who paid $30 for lot i in square 2—the first lot on the north side of Main street east of the canal. The deed bears date May 31, 1802. Shortly after the town of Zanesville was laid out Messrs. Zane and McIntire aparted the residue of Zane's grant. That portion immediately adjoining the town on the north and extending from Seventh street to the river became the property of John McIntire, and the part north of it, lying between a line drawn from Elm street west and the river was conveyed to Zane. In the partition of their property between McIntire and Zane all that part of West Zanesville' lying east, of Blue avenue was deeded to McIntire, and that west to Zane. The United States granted to Robert Underwood the third quarter of the first township in the eighth range of the United States military lands, containing 3,817 acres. In the southwest corner of this tract Underwood laid out a tier of eight lots of five acres each, extending from Seventh to Underwood streets and from a short distance north of Market street to the river, and another tier of five lots of ten acres each east of Underwood street and west of Downer street. A street was laid out east of these lots running north from Market street, a little west of where Blocksom street intersects Market, to the river, at a point later occupied by the Ohio Iron Company. Section 1, Township 16, Range 14, was granted by the Uuited States to Mathews, Whipple and Putnam. A corner of this section lies northeast of the river, but the bulk of it lies in that part of the city known as Putnam. The town of Springfield was laid out at the time and in the manner described below: " Plat of a town described, situate, &c., at Spring Hill, on Muskingum river, in the county of Washington and Territory Northwest of the Ohio, laid out by Rufus Putnam, Increase Mathews and Levi Whipple, into house lots, out lots, &c., with certain appropriations and reservations, as hereinafter mentioned, viz.: In this plat the house lots are numbered from i to 147 and the out lots are numdered from 1 to 45. The house lots, except Nos. 8 and 9, and the fractional lots below Spring Hill, contain half an acre each, and the out lots contain the quantity noted in them respectively. The house lots numbered from 1 to 7 are three chains thirty-four links long by one chain fifty links wide. The lots numbered from 10 to 17 are three chains thirteen links long by one chain sixty links wide Lots 18 and 19 are three chains and three hundredths links long by one chain sixty-five links wide, and the remaining house lots below Spring Hill, numbered from 18 to 147, except the fractions, are two chains fifty links long by two chains wide. All the streets below Spring Hill are sixty feet wide and Front street is in many places more. The alleys passing through each block or square are sixteen and one-half feet wide. North street and the road leading toward Lancaster, are each sixty-six feet wide. The alley between out lot No. i and the house lots north and that between house lots eight, nine and ten, and between thirteen and fourteen are each thirty feet wide. All the' other roads and alleys marked in the plat above described are forty-nine and a half feet wide. The road or street HISTORY OF MUSKINGUM COUNTY - 219 leading from Spring Hill down to the street north of out lot No. 21 shall be made in the most convenient place, where the ascents will be easy and gradual. The alley dividing the blocks or squares of house lots below Spring Hill are for the particular accommodation of the proprietors of the lots in each square respectively, and may by the unanimous consent of the proprietors be shut up. All the other alleys, roads and streets delineated in the plat. are appropriated to the use of the citizens and the public in general under the restrictions and reservations hereinafter expressed. And the before named Rufus Putnam, Increase Mathews and Levi Whipple, proprietors of the lands delineated in the plat above mentioned, besides the streets, roads and alleys appropriated as aforesaid, do assign, appropriate and make over for the purpose of erecting such public buildings thereon as .maybe wanted for the use of the town or any religious societies established in it, or for the county or state, the following described tracts of land, containing about eleven acres and a half, bounded as follows: Beginning at a post or station in the plat marked A on Spring Hill, forty-nine feet and a half North of the northeast corner of house lot No. 17; thence running northwardly by the dotted line, as follows: North three chains, north forty-three degrees, west two chains seventy-three links, north seventy-seven degrees, west four chains twenty-six links north, north forty-seven degrees, west two chains fifty links, north twenty-two degrees, west one chain eighty-six links, north twenty degrees, east eighty-four links to a point or station at B, on the south side of North street; then west by North street to C, a point or station forty-nine feet and a half east of house lot No. 7; thence south to D, a point or station forty-nine feet and a half north of house lot No.8; thence to the place of beginning; of which tract so much as shall not be occupied by public buildings of the description aforesaid shall remain a perpetual commonage. Furthermore all the land between the aforesaid dotted line A, B, and the river, and also all the open space between the out lot No. 17 and the river is designed to be left open or uninclosed for the present, but the before named proprietors reserve for themselves and assigns the exclusive right to occupy every part of this tract whenever they think proper for the purpose of erecting mills and other water works, for establishing manufactories, digging stone, iron ore, stone coal, or for any other purpose whatever, provided they shall never interrupt the communication from Spring Hill to that part of the town-below by the road before described. Furthermore, the aforesaid proprietors reserve for themselves and assigns the exclusive right of establishing a ferry or ferries for crossing the Muskingum river from any other part of the town as delineated in this plat, and also for erecting wharfs and stores on the bank of the Muskingum, whenever it may be done, leaving Front street full sixty feet wide. Furthermore, all the streets and roads south of the street which intersects Front street, between house lots Nos. 31 and 35 and the road leading. toward Lancaster, the aforesaid proprietors reserve the right of having inclosed, while the house lots and out lots in that quarter remain unsold, and shall not be obliged to open them until they are wanted for the accommodation of the respective purchasers in that quarter. RUFUS PUTNAM.    [ SEAL.] INCREASE MATHEWS. [ SEAL.] LEVI WHIPPLE. [SEAL.] In presence of Wm. Rufus Putnam, Benjamin Tupper. "Washington county as Personally appeared this twenty-seventh day of July, i8oi, Rufus. Putnam, Increase Mathews and Levi Whipple, signers and sealers of the within instrument, and acknowledged it to be their voluntary act and deed. Before me. WILLIAM RUFUS PUTNAM, Justice of the Peace. Washington ss., July 27, i8oi. A true copy of the original plat. Attest : DUDLEY 'WOODBRIDGE, Recorder." Thus has been shown the original ownership of a good portion of what is now the city of Zanesville—at least of those portions which with their additions have gradually expanded into the Zanesville of to-day. The subdivision of these tracts and the additions which have been made to them are matters of record. Another town laid out within the present limits of Zanesville, but which never had any corporate existence, was Natchez, so tradition has it, brought into existence in 1806 by Gen. Isaac Van Home, and bounded about as follows:—" On the east by a line west of the Muskingum river, beginning not far from the Main street bridge, including part of the Pine street hill and extending near the intersection of the National road and the Licking river, and having that stream for its northern boundary and the Muskingum for its eastern boundary." This boundary included " the house built by Henry Crook, in 1797, on the north side of the bluff, near the north end of Pine street." Gen. Van Horne built the second habitation there and Isaac Zane reared a domicile " be- 220 - HISTORY OF MUSKINGUM COUNTY. tween Young and Spring streets, on the Thomas Drake location.” Proprietorship seemed contagious in those days. Born at Alexandria, Va., in October, 1759, we know but little of Mr. McIntire's early life, other than that he had learned the trade of shoemaking, until in 1789, when we find him at Wheeling, Va., where in December of that year he married Sarah M. Zane. In 1797-8 he. in conjunction with Ebenezer Zane, his father-in-law, and Jonathan Zane, .Ebenezer's brother, cut out a. road from Wheeling, Va., to Limestone (now. Maysville), Ky., by die way of what is now Zanesville, Lancaster and Chillicothe. For his share in this work he received with Jonathan Zane the military warrant for a tract of land one mile, square at this point, and located his grant so that the southeast corner of the tract was at about the .corner of what is now Seventh and South streets, and extending north and west a mile each way. In 1799 he with his wife and household effects, moved here and laid out the town of Westbourn, now Zanesville. He is described as a man who was a little below medium height, rather fleshy, full-faced, rather high forehead, blue eyes, brown hair, wore no beard, weighed between 150 and 160 pounds, and was of pleasant disposition, though quick of temper and strong willed. During the fifteen years of his life which he spent here, he laid out the plans for the future of Zanesville, and at all times was foremost in every undertaking. He laid out the town ; he established the ferry at the foot of Market street ; he opened the first hotel ; he was chiefly instrumental in drawing the state capital here for the sessions of 1810-11 and 1811-12, and was one of the framers of the constitution of our state. Soon after this he embarked upon his gigantic scheme of canal building, which he was engaged in at the time of his death. The results of his labor were seen in after years by Muskingum's citizens, and to-day, after three-fourths of a century have rolled by and the third generation occupies the city he founded, the impress of his master hand is still seen, and verily his works live after him. He died in his stone house, corner of Fountain alley and Second street, July 29, 1815, sincerely mourned and regretted by all who knew him. His remains were. laid away in the old grave-yard at the head of Main street, back of where the old high school now stands. The spot was marked by a small marble tablet, bearing an appropriate inscription.* Years later a heavy granite slab was placed *See elsewhere for epitaph. over the grave, and this tablet with its inscription placed beneath it to protect it from the weather. On December 24, 1889, this tomb was opened and all that remained of Zanesville's patron was tenderly placed, in a metal casket and removed to the vault which had been built for that purpose, at the home which bears his name. A week later the remains of his daughter, Amelia, were placed beside those cf her father in the vault. Patron of the city, builder of its prosperity, frontiersman, landlord, ferryman, philanthropist, representative and leader among men, his memory shall be kept green while the printed page endures. The first white settlement within the territory now occupied by the city of Zanesville, occurred in 1794, when Joseph F. Moore, Herman Blannerhasset and Dudley Woods came here and established a trading post. Their cabin was erected about where the office of the Pataskala mills now stands, in the Seventh ward. Here for several years they carried on a successful business with the Indians in furs, which were of a superior quality, and which they carried by canoes to Marietta and Pittsburg. In May, 1796, congress passed an act authorizing Ebenezer Zane to make a road through Ohio from Wheeling to Limestone, (now Mayville, Ky.) For said service congress granted Zane the right to locate military warrants upon lands not to exceed one mile square each at the crossings of each of the three principal streams crossed, providing, however, that he should establish and maintain during the pleasure of congress a ferry at each of these said crossings. In 1797, Zane, with his brother Jonathan, and his brother-in-law, John McIntire, started out and blazed the road as specified. It was but a rude affair and consisted of blazing the trees along the way and clearing out an occasional dense undergrowth, to make the new road passable for horsemen. Completing their labors; Ebenezer Zane gave to his Jonathan and John McIntire the tract located at the crossing of the Muskingum, —it being hilly and poorer than either of the other two tracts, and therefore thought to be the least valuable. As a ferry had to be established at once, Zane and McIntire' gave it to William McCulloch and Henry Crooks for a period of five years upon the condition that they would at once move here and maintain it, which they did;—their ferry outfit consisting of two canoes with sticks lashed across them. Jonathan Zane and John McIntire laid out a village upon the present site of Zanesville, which was named Westbourn. In May, 1800, McIntire moved here with his family, having HISTORY OF MUSKINGUM COUNTY - 221 come on a flat boat from Wheeling. The flat boat used by him to make the trip was subsequently used as a ferry boat. In 1802, a regular postoffice was established here, and the postmaster-general named it Zanesville, Westbourn soon after being dropped as a name for the .village, and the name of the postoffice being adopted in its stead. Zanesville soon became the most important point in Ohio, and emigration to this point was rapid. The prosperous settlement at this time boasted of a general store, but had no tavern, and travelers were compelled to spend their nights in a grog-shop of the town, being there allowed to spread their blankets upon the floor and sleep. McIntire, for sake of public accommodation opened his cabin to the public and Zanesville at last had a hotel. The cabin was located at what is now the corner of Market and Second streets, a few rods from the river bank, in an open maple grove. It was a pleasantly shaded spot, and in full view of the falls, and McIntire was able to furnish his guests with good comfortable beds. He also had window glass brought from Wheeling, and it is but just to say that these accommodations, through in a log cabin, were such as to render the hostelry most welcome resting place to the traveler, and at one time it sheltered a no less distinguished personage than Louis Philippe, king of France, and his party. This noted cabin remained until 1857, when it was taken down by William Culbertson at the order of the Zanesville Canal and Manufacturing Co., and portions of it were preserved by that organization. In 1802, David Harvey opened a tavern on the corner of Third and Main streets, which was the first shingled house in Zanesville. In 1804, the legislature established the county, and the commissioners appointed selected Zanesville for the county seat. At this time the town was a comparative forest, and, previous to the coming of the commissioners, the citizens turned out and cut the brush from the streets, and especially from the public square, to make it appear at its best advantage to the commissioners, as Coshocton and Dresden were no mean rivals at this time, and both were candidates. In 1803, the unappropriated military tracts were brought into the market, and a land office was established here, and although the town was making rapid improvements, it was not until 1813 that all the lands were taken up. The nearest county seat at this time was Marietta, on the Ohio river. The first court held in the county met at Harvey's tavern in 1804, but a jail was erected soon after this, and also a wooden building----the lower portion of which was used as the. sheriff's residence and the upper as a court room and a place of public meeting, both political and religious. This jail was set on fire by a prisoner and totally destroyed. As early as 1807-8, the subject of the removal of the state capital to this point was being agitated. The seat of government was at this time located at Chillicothe, but for several reasons members of the legislature were dissatisfied, and it was known that a change of location was desired by them. Muskingum's natural advantages for agriculture and manufacture, and Zanesville's prospects for becoming a large town, combined with her central position in the state, rendered it a desirable site for the state metropolis. Believing that if the temporary capital could be secured here it would be made permanent, a delegation petitioned the legislature to remove the capital to Zanesville, setting forth that the county of Muskingum would, at its own expense, furnish suitable buildings for the legislature and state officers. Receiving assurances that their wishes should be gratified, the county at once began the erection of a new brick building before the old jail and court house. The building was designed for a double object: if the state house was a failure, it would still serve as a fine new court house. The county, however, was without sufficient funds to complete the structure, and it was not until the summer of 1810 that the citizens came forward and loaned the money to complete the buildings. A smaller building was also erected for the secretary of state and treasurer. The sessions of 1810—11 and 1811-12 were held in the new buildings, and for nearly two years Zanesville flourished as the state capitol. The permanent location having been decided upon, however, and the Chillicothe interest once more prevailing, the temporary capitol was returned to that point while suitable buildings were being erected at. Columbus, and Zanesville resumed the modest dignities of a county seat; the state house becoming the county court house, and the secretary of state's office became the county jail, for which it was used until 1824, when the new jail was built and the office turned over to the county clerk and auditor for offices. In this capacity the buildings erected for the state house were used until in 1874, when they gave way to the present elegant temple of justice which was dedicated in May, 1877. Although checked in her growth by the loss of the state capital, Zanesville still held as 222 - HISTORY OF MUSKINGUM COUNTY. among the first towns of Ohio, and as late as in 1835 she was ranked as second only to Cincinnati. Elias Hughes and family came in the spring of 1798. On the 7th of April the wife of William McCulloch gave birth to a son—Noah Zane McCulloch. The McCulloch cabin stood about where the canal and the south side of Main street intersect. The trading post was rapidly assuming the dignity of a white settlement. October 7, 1798, the postmaster-general recbgnized the claim of the citizens to mail facilities, and by contract authorized the transportation of mail to and from this point and at the same time,' in compliment to Mr. Zane, changed the name from Westbourn to Lanestown. Henry Crook came not long afterwards and lived with McCulloch until he completed his cabin, somewhere in what is now the seventh ward, during the winter of 1798-99. Mr. Crooks' brother Andrew and his wife and family joined him soon after. Until then Mrs. Henry Crooks had been the only white woman this side of Lancaster. Soon after came John Bland, Henry Smith and a man named Priest and their families from "the Kenawha country." It was in 1799 that John McIntire built his cabin, already referred to, in a beautiful maple grove at the southwest corner of Second and Market streets. Of the structure, Mrs. Charles G. Goddard has said: "John McIntire cut down the trees and hewed nearly all the logs, shaped saplings into rafters, split scantling for door and window frames, etc. The window glass, the first used -here, was brought from Wheeling, Virginia. The house was not finished until the spring of 1800, and was quite a mansion for those days. It is due to Mr. McIntire and lady to say that these accommodations, though in a log cabin, were such as to render their house to travelers' a home." Having established themselves in their forest home, they dispensed hospitality with a liberal hand, all within sound of the dinner horn being welcome to their table. Mrs. McIntire was a notable housewife and splendid cook. They were forced to entertain strangers passing through the new settlement until a hotel was opened. They had the honor of entertaining Louis Philippe when he was an exile traveling through the wilds of the United States. So impressed was he with Mrs. McIntire's personality and surroundings that, after he became king of France, he inquired of an American traveler about the lady who had entertained him so royally in the forests of America. Mrs. McIntire, having held herself in readiness, joined her husband in the fall of 1800. She, with her escorts, goods and chattels, came by the Ohio and Muskingum rivers, their means of transportation being boats dug out of solid logs. At night, the emigrants landed and camped on the banks of the river. The forest was full of wild animals, and perhaps an Indian might be seen lurking among the trees. But Mrs. McIntire was equal to the emergency, rather enjoying the adventure. She brought with her the side-board and "chest of drawers," now in the John McIntire children's home. The furniture was made by her brother-in-law, John Burkhart, a resident of Wheeling, formerly of Baltimore, Maryland, an artist in his line of business. John Green, later known . as " General " Green, came in the fall of 1799 and lived with McCulloch during the winter. In April, 1800, he brought his family from Wheeling. They were accompanied by Abraham McCulloch. Green and McCulloch each had a four horse team. The latter brought a pair of hand mill-stones for grinding corn, and when the contrivance was i n order he permitted his neighbors to use it, greatly to their convenience. Green's double cabin, a story and a half building, with a porch in front and a spacious hall through the middle, stood at the head of Main street opposite the present Silliman street. It was the scene of the celebration of July 4th, 1800, and ever after that Green's "tavern" was a noted place. John and George Matthews came from Wheeling in October, 1799, and built a mill for grinding corn. It was constructed on board a boat, was anchored at the foot of the fall on the east side of the river, near where the lower bridge now stands, and depended on the current for power. It was carried to Duncan's Falls by a freshet, but was brought back and was in service three years, when it gave place 'to a " tub mill" with one run of stones, located at Moxahala. Another soon followed at the mouth of Joe's run and a part of it may yet be seen at low water. William Well and Martin Luther Loud Slagor came in i800. The latter erected a tavern cabin at the northwest corner of Sixth and Main streets, which he leased to Thomas Corderey, who kept open house there for several years. Slagor bought and established a garden, farm and dairy On a small tract of land, the locality of which has since become known as "Slagor Run." Mr. Ingalls built his cabin near John McIntire's. About i800-oi, John Houck established himself as a tailor in Zanestown. He was elected constable in .1804 and appointed deputy sheriff in 1806. Early in 1801 Dr. Increase Matthews and his brother John opened a store in a cabin at the northwest corner of Main HISTORY OF MUSKINGUM COUNTY - 223 and Third streets. In 1803 the establishment was moved into what has since been called Putnam, at what is now 108 Muskingum avenue. The land now including the Ninth ward was sold at auction by government authority, at Marietta, and Dr. Matthews, raising John McIntire's bid of $4 per acre by 50 cents, secured it. He was encouraged and backed by his uncle, Gen. Rufus Putnam, and his cousin, Levi Whipple was associated with him in the deal. Later Gen. Putnam became a partner. How they laid out the town of Springfield has been related. The place was named from the spring known as " Lover's Fountain" and was subsequently re-christened Putnam in honor of Gen. Rufus Putnam. Levi Whipple built his cabin at the mouth of the Licking in 1801 and moved in with his family in the latter part of October, that year. Until 1804 he followed surveying and then engaged in the milling business. Robert Whipple built his cabin-in Putnam during 1801 also, and in December Joseph F. Monroe completed a two-story log house at the southeast corner of Second and Main streets, which was the first two-story log house erected in Zanestown. About Christmas, that year, Isaac Zane completed his log cabin at 98 West Main street. Ebenezer Buckingham came probably in 1800 or 1801, some say later. He was a bricklayer and stone mason by trade. He became a state senator and was one of the first fund commissioners of Ohio after the adoption of the canal policy, and was of great public service. He conducted large business interests in Putnam and was drowned in the Muskingum. Jeffrey Price came, with a young daughter in 1802 and for a time boarded with John McIntire. He kept a store at the southeast corner of Fountain alley and Fifth street, and selling out to John Matthews, in 1806, became postmaster of the town. About this time James Herron began to make brick here. His brother David, a hatter, came soon after, and the two were associated in the latter business. So too, came the blacksmith, Jacob Funk, whose shop was at the northeast corner of Main street and Court alley. Christian Spangler came in the spring of 1803 and put up a blacksmith shop at the northwest corner of Main street and Sewer alley. Spencer Lehew, Peter Mills, Paul Hahn and one Creighton came in 1804. Lehew located in the site of Col. Goddard's office. Mills opened a store a little west of the market house, and Hahn built a large cabin at the northwest corner of Fourth and Canal streets, which was used as a place for amusements. In 1804 Samuel Thompson kept a grocery on the southeast corner of Main and Fifth streets. General Lewis Cass came to the town that year, as did also Elijah Ross. Samuel Goff, a stonemason, came in 1805. In the spring of this year James Culbertson arrived, and on the southeast corner of Fifth and Market streets opened the second hatter's shop in town. N. Stone, a carpenter, and Daniel Stillwell and his family came that year, also, and Isaac Van Horne, Sr., came in company with his uncle, Gen. Isaac Van Horne, from Bucks county, Pa. He was a carpenter and five years later built a frame house at the northeast corner of Potter alley and Main street. That year also came William Craig, another carpenter, who bought a lot at " the crossing" of Fourth and Main streets and erected thereon a hewed log house. This man had a memorable career here. Justice of the peace in 1806, mayor of Zanesville in 1814, an unsuccessful candidate for governor of Ohio in 1814, in 1817 he was appointed collector of taxes and gave bond in the sum of $8,354.08, with James McGuire, James Hampson, James Herron and Jacob Linder as sureties, and, having collected the taxes, he ran away with them, leaving his bondsmen to settle with the commissioners as best they could. His wife followed him, and they located in St. Louis, Mo. Another who is said to have come in 1805, was Elijah Hart, who rented a cabin from Robert Spear near the foot of Main street, and died here in 1807. In 1806, Gen. Isaac Van Horne purchased a lot where the Zane house stands, and built and opened upon it a two-story frame hotel. In 1807 he erected another frame house at the northwest corner of Main and Fourth streets, which became known as the Wickham hotel. David J. Marple, from Bucks county, Pa., was a prominent, and for some years a useful citizen, during the early days. He became involved in financial dishonor and in 1822 went to Texas. Col. George Jackson, who became member of the legislature and state senator, bought a frame house where the Masonic temple now is. He died in 1829. Judge Samuel Herrick, in 1809, built a substantial frame dwelling on the southwest corner of Third street and Fountain alley, and there lived until he removed to his farm in Wayne township. Later he returned to town and lived on the corner of Orchard and Underwood streets, where he died March 1, 1852, aged seventy-three. William Langley, cooper, and Richard Brookover lived with their families in a cabin in the rear of the Zane house. Later, Langley built a story-anda-half log cabin in the northeast corner of Fountain alley and Second street, and for many years followed his trade there. Subsequently 224 - HISTORY OF MUSKINGUM COUNTY. he built on the northeast corner of Fountain alley and Fifth street. In Fountain alley was Richard Brookover's cabin. There he lived for a time, then moved elsewhere in . the town. William Stinson, an early corner, engaged in freighting and died in 1838. Joseph Beard, a calico-printer born in England, came from Marietta. His. son, William H., became private secretary to Governor Meigs, who, when appointed postmaster-general, took young Beard with him to Washington and gave him an important pooition. At the close of the war of 1812--14, he was chosen to convey the tidings of peace to General Harrison, then in command of the Army of the West, with headquarters at Chillicothe, then the capital of the state. In 1821, he had the contract for carrying the mail between Zanesville and Lancaster. In 1833 he retired to a farm, but died in Zanesville in 1870 aged 86. Hugh and Isaac Hazlett came early to Zanesville. They were merchants, both separately and in partnership. At one time they had a store on the southwest corner of Fountain alley and Fifth street, where they remained until 1808, doing a large business. William Montgomery came in 1806, and Daniel and Allen McClain built for him what some state was the first frame house in Zanesville, though the location is' not given. In the summer of the same year came Samuel Chapman, from Marietta:, and built for Benjamin Tupper a frame dwelling and store on Front street, now owned by Dr. Nye, which was' the second frame house completed in the town. John Alter; Sr., arrived in 1806, and moved into a log house about where Main and First streets intersect on the north. He was a chair maker, wheelwright and painter, and in time engaged quite extensively in the manufacture of spinning wheels.. In the latter Tine William Calhoun soon opened a competitive establishment. During the same year Thomas Wickham, a carpenter, came from Wheeling, and built in West Zanesville, of stone from the bed of the river just below the present railroad bridge. Later he had a public house at the northwest corner of Main and Second streets. In 1817 he rebuilt a portion of the upper bridge that had fallen. into the river. In 1806 there also came Jacob and Frederick Houck and John L. Cochran. Jacob Houck, a stone and brick mason, superintended the building of the "Old 1809 " court house. Frederick, also a stone mason, made gloves in the winter months, and also buckskin breeches and vests. Cochran, a carpenter, became, market master, collector of taxes and a councilman. Dr. Robert Mitchell came in 1807 and built his cabin at 48 South Fifth street. William Launder, William Burnham and James Taylor came in 1808. Launder built a two-story log house on the site afterwards of E. S. Keene's brick residence. Burnham settled in Springfield and kept Burnham's tavern until 1811, when he removed to a frame building on the southeast corner of Main and Second streets, owned by Gen. Isaac Van Horne, and opened the "Golden Ram" tavern. In 1813 he moved into the old Harvey tavern at the southeast corner of Main and Fourth streets. He died in 1820. In 1808 John Alter, Sr., built a two-story log house on a lot which he purchased from Dr. Mitchell for twelve cane-seated chairs, valued at $75, and in that house John Alter, Jr., was born before the windows were put in. During this year James Linn built his cabin at 41 South Sixth street. In 1809 Alexander McLaughlin, from Pittsburg, Pa., built a brick house on the northeast corner of Sixth and Market streets, which at the time was the finest residence in this part of the country. In 1812 he sold it to Gen. Isaac Van Horne. Removing to Chillicothe in 1819, he came back in a few years and was influential in getting the state capital removed from Zanesville to Columbus. He once owned the land on which it is situated. James Hampson came in April, 1809, and erected the "Old 1809 " court :house under a contract that had been awarded him. He was a native of Berkeley county, Va., and became prominent here. John S. Parkinson came in 1810 and moved his family into a log house on the northeast corner of Fountain alley and Third street. The facts that have been presented concerning the early settlers of Zanesville have been condensed from the somewhat voluminous writings of Mr. Elijah H. Church, who took a peculiar interest in the developments of his native town and spared no pains in his attempt to preserve the personal reminiscences of its pioneers. To his thoughtful record the complier acknowledges indebtedness also for much that follows. Pioneers in various branches of commerce and manufacture, some of whom have been mentioned on preceding pages and some of whom have not; were the following. For convenience the various avocations have been arranged in alphabetical order: Mrs. Samuel Parker, Mrs. Hillier and Mrs. Christian Spangler baked bread and cake in Dutch ovens in 1807. A bakery was opened by L. Hatman in 1808. Louis Verdan bought him out and added candy manufacture. His successors were Smith & Nefley and Henry Willey. J. Skinner & Co.. opened the first book bindery in HISTORY OF. MUSKINGUM COUNTY - 225 1816. They sold it to A. S. Pennington & Co., in 1817 and bought in back in 1819. The first brewery in Zanesville was opened by a Philadelphian, whose name is not recalled, and who sold it in 1807 to George Painter. It was to cated at the northwest corner of ,South and Fifth streets. In 1811 Painter sold it . to Jacob Young, who abandoned the business in 1815. In November 1813, William Marshall opened a brewery on the site of Power House. No. 3, James Boyd was his brewer and he made about 30 barrels per week. In 1815, Barton and McGowan purchased the concern and converted it into a distillery, In 1816 Joseph Lattimore built a brewery on -the site familiar as the location of the pork-packing establishment of Miller & Co. As late as 1802 burial cases were made of bark lined with leaves and dry grass and fastened together with withes. In that year, the first coffin. was made here of boards, in which to bury the first wife of Increase. Mathews. The second was made a little later for Gracie, daughter of Andrew Crooks. Both were made by Richard McBride. Early carpenters were Messrs. Lewis and Smith, who came in 1801. John Van Horne, William Craig, Thomas Morehead, David J. Marple, N. Stone, Daniel and Allen McLain, John A. Cochran, Samuel Chapman, Richard Brookover, Gilbert Blue, Joseph Hocking, James Hampson, William Blocksom, a Mr. Fracker and James Millis. Carpet weaving was first done here in 1812. In 1818 James Covington was doing carpet weaving a mile and a half west of Putnam. In the same year Moses Dillon erected woolen mills at the mouth of the Licking, and put in a patent loom for making all-wool ingrain carpets of a style known as the "rose and thistle" pattern. As early as 1809 Richard and. George Reeve, Sr., were engaged in clockmaking on Third street. They made the old time, tall case clocks,—one for Dr. Increase Mathews one for John McGuire, and one for L. P. Bailey. About 1815 the firm removed to 92 Main street, and they were subsequently succeeded by Harry Safford and. Charles Dickinson. During that year Francis Cleveland and John Bliss were in the business on Main street opposite the court house. Charles Hall was in their employ and subsequently formed a partnership with A. C. Ross in the jewelry and watchmaking business. They were also expert copperplate engravers and made many of the old "shin-plaster" plates. The first distillery was built on Mill run, by Spencer LaheW, in 1808. In 1813 Barton & McGowan had a distillery on the site of Power House No. 3. In 1815 Valentine Best paid a tax of $566.79 for manufacturing whisky. Spencer Lahew paid a tax of $159.20; Joseph Sheets one of $550.40; and John Sidell one of $332.77. The location of the latter two is not remembered. In 1819 Thomas L. Pierce started a foundry. Wood & Ebert started a blast furnace, a year earlier, at the mouth of Symmes' creek, where they made pig iron for a few years. Much of this was used in Pierce's foundry and by the Messrs. Reeves in their nail and bar iron works. The business was closed in 1822. The first glass works in Zanesville was duly chartered May 13, 1815, with a capital fixed at $50,000. The concern was known as the White Glass Works and was located at the southwest corner of Third and Market streets. Among the original shareholders were Isaac Van Horne, Samuel Sullivan, Samuel Herrick, Rees Cadwallader, David J. Marple, John Hamm and Ebenezer Buckingham. Samuel Sullivan was president of the company and John Hamm, secretary. Edmond Jones was acting superintendent. Elijah Ross made the blow pipes. In. 1816 James Taylor and Alexander Culbertson built. a window-glass house opposite the site of the first canal locks, a little south of Slager run. Mr. Culbertson operated there until 1823, when he died, after which Arnold Lippet, Thomas Murdock and Joseph Cassel operated the establishment one after the other. Among early hatters were David Herron, James Culbertson, James Jennings and a Mr. Malesburg. In Culbertson's shop was made the first silk hat ever manufactured in Zanesville. Among the ,first to engage extensively in the manufacture of felt hats was Richard Gallagher, who had a shop at the southwest corner, of Fifth street and Locust alley. He carried on the business here until 1832. He died that year in Louisville, Ky., while returning from a trading trip down the river. Walter McKinney opened 'a hat store at 171 Main street in 1817. At 202 Main street James Dutro opened a hat and fur store in 1820. Mathew Ferguson and J. B. Allen began business here in 1820 and 1827 respectively. Rev. Joseph Shepherd was making tombstones in 1812 on North Fifth street near Market. Early stone masons were David Bean, 1799; Ebenezer Buckingham, Sr., 1800; Samuel Goff, a few years later; and Jacob Houck, Thomas Goff, "Billy" Goff, Daniel Hatton, Elijah H. Church and John P. Coulton. Brick was first made in 1802 by James' Herron. Later Brazilla Rice was in the business. Joseph Whitney burned brick in 1803.. John Lee had a brickyard near North. Underwood 226 - HISTORY OF MUSKINGUM COUNTY. street and there burned the brick used in the "Old 1809" court house. From about 1810 and later on, Capt. James Parkinson was an extensive brickmaker, on his farm on the Marietta road, two miles and a half southeast of Zanesville. The pioneer floating mill of John Mathews has been referred to. According to E. H. Church, "In the fall of 1801 the Springfield company built a wing dam on the second falls, leaving the Zanesville shore open for boats to pass, and then built a grist and saw-mill. The contract was let December 9th, that year to John Sharp, for $200 cash and three gills of whiskey daily until the job was completed." The first large grist mill in this part of the country was the Moxahala mill, completed in 1803 or 1804 by John Mathews. It was located at the falls of Jonathan's creek, * * and people came from twenty-five and thirty miles around to this mill. In 1806 John McIntire built a mill race (north of Hatcher & Co.'s coffin factory) and a saw-mill. Daniel McLain and David Urie dug the race, which filled with sand every time the river was up, so that the mill was not a success. * * * During 1816, a company was formed, composed of Col. Andrew Jackson, Nathan Finley, Jeremiah Dare, Daniel Conyers, Jeffrey Price, James Taylor, Thomas L. Pierce, Samuel Thompson, Christian Spangler, Isaac Hazlett and Alexander Adair, under the firm name of Jackson & Co., to build a mill. This company, in 1817, completed a mill on the west side of the Muskingum, just north of the mouth of Licking. It contained two runs of stones for grinding wheat and one for making corn meal. A sawmill and a linseed oil mill were subsequently attached. The oil mill was operated by Richard Fairlamb. Jackson operated the principal mill until near the time of his death, 1836. It was a three story frame building, and the builders were Robert Fulton, Isaac Hazlett and Daniel Conyers. It was torn down in 1840-41. In 1818-19 the Granger mill was built by James Granger, father of Hon. M. M. Granger, on a site near the head of the canal and the old dam, just north of the Cassel mill. The building was 8ox5o, three stories, and had four runs of stones and a capacity ono barrels per day. An addition of 99x30 and two stories was added. in 1822 and two more runs of stones.. Many farmers came 6o and 70 miles to mill, and sold their wheat for 25 cents per bushel to get money to pay for their land. This was the only market in southeastern Ohio. The Granger mill burned down August 9, 1829, and was not rebuilt. * * * The. Ballantine & Clark mill was built in 1817 for a brewery, and in 1835 was converted into a flour mill and run as such for two years, when it stood idle until 1842. At that time William Beaumont rented it for one year. About 1845, it was converted into a white lead works, which was short lived. The building was burned in the spring of 1853." Mr. Church says: "The first man in Zanesville to make a business of manufacturing nails was John. Hough, who opened his shop at the foot of Main street in .1814." The Zanesville Express and Republican of December 8, 1819, contained the following: "R. & G. Reeve inform the public that their rolling mill and nail factory are in operation (located at the east end of the upper bridge), and that they have an assortment of rolled iron and nails, which they will sell as low and on as good terms as they can be purchased in the Western country." Of this' enterprise, Mr. Church wrote thus: "Richard . Reeve and George Reeve, Sr., constructed a rude machine for the manufacture of cut nails, which was operated by horsepower. This establishment was located on the south side of Main, near Sixth street, until 1819, when the machinery was removed to the corner of Main and River streets, where water power was used. The machine was, similar to those now in use, but was not adapted to heading, which was done by hand. The iron used proved too brittle to work to advantage, and the business was abandoned in 1825-26. Samuel Sullivan, of Philadelphia, early came here and, building a moderate-sized kiln, made red-ware, including cups and saucers and other household. articles. October 2, 1811, James Keller engaged in the manufacture of cordage, rope and twine. In the Zanesville Express of January 13, 1819, appeared the following notice: "Rope Factory.—The subscriber has commenced the manufacture of cordage of all kinds, and will keep constantly on hand cables, well-ropes, bedcords, ploughlines, clotheslines, sacking lacings, twines, carpet chain, fishing, chalk and trout lines. N. B.—Highest price paid for hemp delivered at my place; next doer to J. S. Dungan's hotel, Main street." A. P. Westbroad was the advertiser. Mr. Church says: " In 1817 Capt. James Hampson had a salt well and furnace at the mouth of Mill .run. The well was bored during that year; Samuel Clark, an energetic boy, helped to bore the well. Captain Hampson operated the furnace in 1820, and for five or six years later." December 5, 1817, Thomas L. Pierce advertised as follows: " Salt.—The subscriber will sell monopoly salt, of the very best quality, at a less price than E. Buckingham & Co., the apple and HISTORY OF MUSKINGUM COUNTY - 227 goosequill merchants of Putnam." Here was competition carried into the realm of personal detraction. In 1818, Pierce and G. A. Hall sunk a salt well on the edge of the McIntire saw-mill race, near the south end of Second street, but the water was too weak to yield profitably. A salt well was put down in 1819 by Alexander Culbertson, at the site of the lower canal locks. This well was 300 feet deep, and a hollow tree three feet in diameter and ten feet long was used for a reservoir. The kettles used in boiling were made at the foundry of Thomas L. Pierce, who obtained the iron from Dillon's falls. Mr. Culbertson did not make a very large quantity of salt any one year, but kept the works in operation until his death. The price of salt at the works ranged from $1.32 to $1.35 per bushel. The Express of January 13, 1819, contains the following advertisement: " Salt at $1.50 per bushel at Ayres' salt works, eight miles below Zanesville, on the Muskingum river. We are now making thirty bushels a day and when our kettles are in operation (which we are now putting in) we shall make eighty bushels per day. All persons that have to cross the river for salt at our works shall be ferried free of expense." Signed, "Jacob Ayres & Co." The following were early shoemakers here: One Smith came in 1800. John Cain came in 1802. In those days shoemakers worked from house to house. Joseph Church came from Bucks county, Pa., in 1807, and in the spring of 1808 opened the first boot and shoe shop in town. Solomon Deffenbaugh opened the second in 1808, and that year Timothy Gaylord came. In 1816 William and Aaron Kirk came, and about the same time William Luck and John Burwell. James Martin came in 1817, and later came Henry Ford, Peter Greaves, William Love, William Twaddle, James Milton, Jacob Walters, Henry Vincell, John Thompson, Thomas Hillier, Zacharias and Elijah Taylor, Jacob Stout, Elias Pike, William Forgraves, George Maneely and, S. S. Mann. Daniel Prouty began the manufacture of soap and candles in 1811, on the river bank, between Fifth and Sixth streets. In 1815 the works were sold to N. & C. Wilson. Eber Merriam was engaged in making soap in 1815. Three years later the Muskingum Manufacturing Company, a stock company, was organized with Mr. Merriam, Ephraim. Abbott and Nathaniel Wilson as stockholders. The concern made soap and pearlash, first at the foot of Market street, and later at the foot of Fifth street. In 1802 Reuben Jennings started the first tanyard, and two years later sold it to Levi Chapman. Moses Morehead and Joseph Robertson .opened a tannery near the town in 1806. In 1814 Mr. C. Robertson sold his interest to his partner. James Culbertson (hatter), in 1809, started a tannery and did and extensive business until his death, about 1822, when the concern, located at the northeast corner of Fifth and Market streets, passed into the hands of his sons Alexander and Samuel. Green's tavern was built during the winter of 1799, Cordery's tavern was early kept in the old Slager house at the northwest corner of Sixth and Main streets. Harvey's tavern, at .the southeast corner of Third and Main streets, was opened in the fall of 1800, and was a famous hostelry in its time. Robert Taylor opened a tavern at the southwest corner of Ninth and Main streets in 1805. Two years later he removed to a frame house on a portion of the ground now occupied by the Clarendon hotel, where he made the " Orange Tree" sign famous. Paul Hahn opened a tavern in a new log cabin at the corner of Fourth and Canal streets, in 1805. In 1806 Nathaniel Roberts opened a public house in a frame building that had been built by William Montgomery the previous year, on the northeast corner of Sixth and Main streets. His sign was the " Rising Sun." It passed into the hands of C. Pratt, in 1808, and he named it the " Red Lion." In 1816 it was known as the" General Washington house," and was kept by. Thomas Flood. The first court ever held in the county convened in Harvey's tavern, as is elsewhere related. The legislature made the " Orange Tree " its headquarters in 1810-12. The " General Washington "was a favorite resort of Virginians and " democratic-republicans." The house erected on the northeast corner of Main and Fifth streets by Gen. Isaac Van Horne became known as the " Wickham hotel," and it continued to be so known even after it had been removed to the southwest corner of Main and Fourth .streets. John S. Dugan, in 1818, built a three-story brick house near the southwest corner of Fifth and Main streets, and there established .a hotel which, under his administration, was called the "Green Tree," and under the name of the "National hotel," was later kept by Harry. Orndorff, of whom John Greiner has rhymefully written: " His face was fair to look upon; It never wore a scowl. He loved to slice the juicy roast, And carve the tender fowl. His sausages from Hagerstown, With cream and apple-stew, Provedhe knew how to keep the best Hotel in 0-hi-o." Robert I. Gilman and John Levins built a 228 - HISTORY OF MUSKINGUM COUNTY. three-story brick hotel in 1806, on the site of the C. E. Munson residence, Putnam. It had a dancing hall and concert room. The first landlord was William Burnham, who, in 1811, removed to the southwest corner of Second and Main streets, where, in a building owned by Gen. Van Horne, he kept the tavern designated by the sign of the " Merino Ram." Benoni Pierce, in 1806, kept the hotel built by Gen. Van Horne on the Zane house site, and in that year was succeeded by James Reeve, who kept it as-the " Western Star," until 1814. At the " Green Tree," kept by John S. Dugan, on the southeast corner of Fourth and Main streets, numerous distinguished guests were entertained, among them President Monroe, accompanied by Hon. Lewis Cass, and Gen. Brown, commander-in-chief of the United States army; and Gen. McComb, with two men in livery, were once quartered there. In that house in 1820, was given an entertainment for the benefit of the Greeks, who were in rebellion against the Turks, and there, too, Julia Dean, the afterward popular actress, made her debut. In 1807 Peter Speck, Benoni Pearce, Jacob Good, Andrew Moon, John Gardner, Charles Williams, Paul Hahn, Michael Hoffman, Thomas Knowles, George Heap and Thomas Ward were recommended as "fit and proper persons to keep public houses of entertainment at their respective places in Zanesville and Muskingum county." George Dulty began business as a tin and copper-smith in 1809, and his first, or about his first, job was making the ball that ornamented the top of the cupola of the "Old 1809" court house. In 1811 he was succeeded by his brother John; and went to Wheeling. Soon John followed him, and' did not return until after the close of the war of 1812-14, when he came back to Zanesville and resumed business. J. L. Cochran engaged in business as a tobacconist on Main street, between Sixth and Sewer alley, in the spring of 181 7. During that year, Thomas Adams, James Crosby and Thomas. L. Pierce began to make scythes, sickles, axes, etc., in West Zanesville. Their wares were as good as the best, but there was a local prejudice against them, which the wily manufacturers ignored by shipping their products to Pittsburg and having them 'branded "Pittsburg Manufacturing Company" and thence shipped back to Zanesville and other Western towns, where they found a remunerative market. This business was abandoned, however, after a time. In 1818 John Mackey announced in the Muskingum Messenger that he had established himself as an auger manufacturer, "opposite the pottery of Judge Sullivan, in Zanesville." In 1819 William McCurdy was making augers, edge-tools, hoes, etc., at the corner of Fountain alley and Fifth street. Later he sold out to William Langley. In June, 1810, the Putnam Manufacturing Company put in operation three wool-carding machines at their factory in Putnam. Two of these were for carding common and one for carding Merino wool. Jeremiah Dare was in charge. Mr. Dare and his family were later connected with this interest and will be referred to in a subsequent chapter. In October, 1817, George Brooke called the attention of the public, through the Zanesville Express, to the fact that he had "taken the clothing works at the mouth of Licking 'creek, West Zanesville, the property of Isaac Dillon to full, dye and dress woolen goods," William Johnson leased the wool-carding machine of Mr. Dillon in. 1819, as also appears from the Express. Isaac Zane built the first dam at Zanesville about 1810, across the Licking, under advice of Jonathan Zane, his father, who, when it was completed, sold it to Moses Dillon & Sons, depriving the young man of his interest in the enterprise, it is said, and leaving him £2,000 in debt. The next dam was provided for in a charter granted February 21, 1812, to John McIntire and his associates. The site designated was "above the Licking, at a point nearly opposite Market street." About 1803, Peter Miser opened a blacksmith shop in Springfield. Philip Munch and John Balthis came during the next two yew's. In 1805, I. Newell established the first tannery in that part of the city. Horace Nye had his tannery on the side hill, about the southwest end of Adams street, and obtained water from a spring near by. Levi Chapman's tannery was about where the bridge abutments were built, in "Chap's run," and near by was his bark-house about 1820. Muskingum bank was chartered in 1813 and was located on the southwest corner of Muskingum and Putnam avenues. Its first president was Gen. Isaac Van Horne, its first cashier D. J. Marple. It did business until about 1846, and at that time Alvah Buckingham 'was president and B. H. Buckingham cashier. The Putnam Manufacturing Company was organized in 1815 for the manufacture of cotton, under a charter that fixed its capital stock at $5,000, with authority to increase it to $100,000. The factory was between the Whipple mill and the west end of the lower bridge. After it had been in operation a few years it was sold to Joseph R. Thomas. Another concern which passed into the possession of Thomas was the woolen mill started in 1815 by HISTORY OF MUSKINGUM COUNTY - 229 Whipple & Putnam and also known as the "clothing works." For two years it was under the superintendency of Samuel H. Raymonton, and in October, 1817, was leased to George E. Clapp, who referred to it as a "cloth dressing and dyeing works." By his generous activity in all things relating to the welfare of the community, Gen. Rufus Putnam had greatly endeared himself to the people, so that in 1814, when it. became advisable to change the name of Springfield, his name was given to the settlement as a well deserved compliment, and the prominent citizens met at Gen. Putnam's residence to publicly confer upon him this mark of appreciation. This chapter brings the history of Zanesville in a general way down to about 1820. In succeeding chapters, special matters will be taken up, and in others the general history of the city as a whole will be brought down to the present year. CHAPTER XVII MUNICIPAL AFFAIRS OF ZANESVILLE. AN act to incorporate the town of Zanesville was passed January 21, 1814, and its first section reads as follows:" Be it enacted by the general assembly of the state of Ohio, that all that part of the town of Zanesville, in the county of Muskingum, included in the original plat thereof, now on record in the county of Washington, together with all the additional lots since added thereto on the east side of the river Muskingum, and now on record in the county of Muskingum, be, and the same is hereby, erected into a town corporate, and shall henceforth be known and distinguished by the name of the Borough of Zanesville, subject, however, to such alterations and regulations as the legislature may from time to time think proper to make." The remaining twelve sections of this act provide for the election of officers ; the judges of election were to be elected viva voce ; the oath and manner of conducting the election were defined ; the corporation might sue and be sued ; might have a common seal ; the trustees might fill vacancies and make by-laws ; provided no laws should ever be made by them " subjecting cattle or hogs not belonging to the inhabitants of said borough to be taken up and sold for coming within the bounds of said corporation" ; the trustees were authorized to lay a tax, provided the tax so laid in any one year should " not exceed one-half per cent. of the value thereof"; it was provided that the town marshal should be the collector ; the manner of collecting tax was prescribed ; the amount of the treasurer's bond was designated ; appeals were allowed to court ; imprisonments were regulated. This act was signed by John Pollock, speaker of the house of representatives, and Othniel Looker, speaker of the senate. " An .act defining the limits of the corporation of Zanesville" was passed January 26, 1818 ; an act to amend the act last mentioned was passed February 5, 1825; an act to enlarge the corporate limits of the town of Zanesville was passed March 18, 1839. All of these acts were repealed by the act creating the city. of Zanesville, which now demands space here. By an act passed by the forty-eighth general assembly of the state of Ohio, March 19, 1850, so much of the county of Muskingum as was comprised within the limits of and designated on the records of said county as Zanesville township, according to the recognized boundaries thereof, was declared to be a city, and the inhabitants thereof were created a body corporate and politic with perpetual succession, by the name and style of the city of Zanesville. The act divided the city into four wards, as follows: "Commencing in the center of the National road at the intersection of said road with the eastern boundary of said township, and extending westwardly with the center of the same road to its intersection with Fountain alley; thence westwardly with the center of said alley to the middle of the Muskingum river; all that part of the said township of Zanesville lying south of the above described line and west of the center of Cypress alley and of the line of 230 - HISTORY OF MUSKINGUM COUNTY. the center of said alley, extending south to the middle of the Muskingum river, shall comprise the First ward. All that part of the said township lying north of the first described line and west of the center of Cypress alley and of the line of the center of said alley, extending north to the middle of the Muskingum river, shall comprise the Second ward. All that part of the said township lying south of the first described line and east of the center of Cypress alley and of the line thereof, extending south to the middle of the Muskingum river, shall comprise the Third ward. All that part of the said township lying north of the first described line and east of the center of Cypress alley and of the line thereof, extending north to the middle of the Muskingum river, shall comprise the Fourth ward." The act provided that the mayor of the city of Zanesville should be elected on the third Monday of the following April and on the first Monday in April annually thereafter, and should hold office for the term of one year. It was further provided that "the qualified electors of each ward in the city shall, on the third Monday in April next, and annually thereafter on the first Monday in April, elect by ballot three members of the city council who shall be residents of the ward in which they shall be elected; and the members so elected from all the wards shall, when assembled and duly organized, constitute the city council, a majority of whom shall be necessary to form a quorum for the transaction of business; they shall be judges of elections in their respective wards, and the qualifications of their own members; they shall prescribe the place and fix the time of holding their meetings not herein otherwise provided for, and shall determine the rules of their proceedings and keep a journal thereof which shall be open to the inspection of every citizen, and may compel the attendance of absent members. The mayor and councilmen so elected shall meet in the council chamber, as designated for that purpose in the city, on the fourth Monday of April next, and annually thereafter on the second Monday in April, and after having taken the oath of office before some judicial officer, the councilmen shall have power to appoint a city clerk, treasurer, marshal, clerk of the market, assessors, bell weigher, city surveyors, street commissioners, health officers, weighers of hay, measurers of wood and coal, wharf masters, gaugers, sextons, and such other officers, whose appointment or election is not herein otherwise provided for, as shall be necessary for the good government of the city and the due exercise of its corporate powers and which shall be provided for by ordinance, and all city officers whose term of service is not prescribed and whose powers and duties are not defined in and by this act, shall perform such duties, exercise such powers and continue in office for such term of time, not exceeding one year, as shall be prescribed by ordinance." Other necessary provisions of no historical interest were made. It was signed by Benjamin F. Leiter, speaker of the house of representatives, and Charles C. Conyers, speaker of the senate. The village of Putnam was incorporated in 1835, and the first meeting of the council was held July 4, that year. The first mayor was William H. Moore. Joseph R. Thomas was first recorder. In 1871, the last year preceding the annexation to the city of Zanesville, Dr. J. Erwin was elected mayor and W. E. Guthrie, recorder. The village of West Zanesville was incorporated in 1869, and Henry Peters was elected mayor, and Imri Richards, recorder. October 11, 1870, a special election was held in Zanesville, which resulted as follows: For annexation of Putnam to Zanesville—" Yes," 1818 votes; " No," 49 votes, and for annexation of West Zanesville to Zanesville—" Yes," 1,939 votes; " No," 34 votes. February 28, 1870, an ordinance was passed by the city council of Zanesville, applying to the county commissioners for the privilege of annexing certain contiguous territory. This ordinance described, by metes and bounds, South Zanesville, with all its additions. The county commissioners met, May 18, 1870, for the purpose of considering this application, and granted it. June 1, 1870, a transcript of the proceedings of the county commissioners was filed with the city council. August 1, 1870, the council created the seventh ward of the city of Zanesville out of the territory above described. An ordinance to annex the incorporated village of West Zanesville to the city of Zanesville, passed October 24, 1870, is recorded as follows: " Be it ordained by the city council of the city of Zanesville, that the terms and conditions of the annexation of the incorporated village of West Zanesville to the city of Zanesville, submitted to the city council by the commissioners appointed by the city council of the city of Zanesville to arrange the terms and conditions of said annexation, be, and the same are here-by, approved by the city council of the city of Zanesville. That the incorporated village of West Zanesville be, and it is hereby, annexed to the city of Zanesville, on the terms and conditions arranged by commissioners and submitted to the city council for approval. This ordinance shall be in force and take effect , HISTORY OF MUSKINGUM COUNTY - 231 from and after the loth day of November, 1870." An ordinance to annex the incorporated village of Putnam to the city of Zanesville, passed April 22, 1872, is worded thus: " Be it ordained by the city council of the city of Zanesville, that the terms and conditions of the annexation of the incorporated village of Putnam to the city of Zanesville, submitted to the city council by the commissioners appointed by said city to arrange the terms and conditions of said annexation be, and the same are hereby, approved by the city council of said city. The incorporated village of Putnam is hereby annexed to the city of Zanesville, on the terms and conditions arranged by the city council for approval. This ordinance shall take effect from and. after the publication thereof." Cliffwood and that portion of Putnam south of it, were included in this annexation, as was also that portion to the west line and north of Muskingum avenue, being the north line of said corporation. May 6, an ordinance was passed constituting this annexed territory the Ninth ward of the city of Zanesville. The wards of the city, ten in number, are thus bounded: First ward is bounded on the east by Sixth street, south and west by the Muskingum river, and north by Fountain alley. Second ward is bordered west and north by the Muskingum river, east by Seventh from the river to Howard and by Sixth from Howard to Fountain alley, south by Fountain alley. Third ward comprises all of the city east of Sixth street and the Muskingum river and south of the line of South street. Fourth ward includes all east of Sixth street and between Market street and the line of South street. Fifth ward includes all east of Sixth street and between Market street on the south and Kelley street and the line of Spring and East Spring on the north. Sixth ward, all of the city east of Seventh street and the Muskingum river, and north of Kelley street and the line of Spring and East Spring streets. Seventh ward is west of the Muskingum river and south of the Licking, and is west of Limestone ave. and Mathews street.. Eighth ward is west of the Muskingum river and north of the Licking, it lies south of Washington avenue, Blue avenue, Moorehead avenue and Park street. Ninth ward is west of the Muskingum river and east of Limestone avenue and Mathews street. Tenth ward includes all the territory west of the Muskingum river and north of Washington avenue, Blue avenue, Moorehead avenue and Park street. The first election after the adoption of the present city charter was held. April 15, 1850. The following officers were elected: Mayor, William Shultz; councilmen, William Galigher, Mark Loudan, F. J. Fracker Jr., Joseph Galigher, Daniel Applegate, Thomas Davidson, S. R. Hosmer, B. T. Whitaker, F. B. Abbott, J. M. James, G. Wynkoop, Henry Blandy; supervisors; Peter Stockman; John Waters. Those since elected to the mayoralty are here named: William Shultz, re-elected in 1851 and 1852; D. J. Culbertson; 1853, re-elected in 1855; E. L. Grigsby, 1857; J. B. Thompson, 1859; Mark Loudan,. 1861; re-elected in 1863; John W. James, 1865; Asa R. Cassidy, 1867; William Ruth, 1869; re elected in 1871; Robert F. Brown 1873; Calvin C. Gibson, 1875; William H. McOwen, 1877; W. C. Blocksom, 1879; William N. McCoy, 1881; re-elected in 1883; J. C. Gillespie, 1885; Dr. W. H. Holden, 1887; died January, 1888; Thomas E. Richards was mayor until the election of John W. Conrade. Mr. Conrade was re-elected for a full term in 1889; 1891 W. S. Bell. Since 1853 the mayor has been elected every two years instead of every year. Following is a list of the present city officials: W. S. Bell mayor; I. P. Humphrey, city solicitor; W. M. Shinnick, Jr., city clerk; D. G. Willey, city treasurer; Albert Howell, civil engineer;, C. Stewart, city commissioner. City council 1892-93*: E. P. Bloomer, president; W. M. Bateman, vice-president; W. M. Shinnick, Jr., city clerk; First ward, W. M. Bateman, B. V. H. Schultz; Second ward, E. P. Bloomer, John L. Mercer ; Third ward, John Knauer, Henry G. Vogt; Fourth ward, Thomas Scott, John N. Steiner; Fifth ward, Geo. R. Clements, Geo. R. Humphrey; Sixth ward, Jno. L. Taylor, Geo. F. Kappes; Seventh ward, J. M. Moore, Frank Myers; Eighth ward, J. M. McWilliams, J. Zinsmeister; Ninth ward, I. P. Farquhar, W. H. Tanner; Tenth ward, David Evans, J. H. Dodd. Standing Committees of the City Council, 1892-93: Finance, Bateman, Dodd, Bloomer; Streets and Alley, Steiner, Bateman, Meyers, .Taylor, Mercer; Street Paving Special Assess ment, McWilliams, Humphrey, Dodd; Scales, Kappes, Humphrey, Meyers; Sewers, Steiner, Vogt, Farquhar; Light, Zinsmeister, Schultz, Clements; Claims, Tanner, Taylor, Kappes; Buildings, Evans, Knauer, Zinsmeister; City Buildings, Mercer; McWilliams, Schultz; Markets, Knauer, Mercer, Tanner; Work House, Taylor, Scott, Moore; Miscellaneous, Knauer, Moore, Scott; Police, Scott, Myers, Clements; Printing, Dodd, Kappes, Stott; Street R. R., *NOTE.—The first named in each ward were elected in 1891, and the others in 1892. 232 - HISTORY OF MUSKINGUM COUNTY. Clements, Evans, Myers; Water Works, Vogt, Steiner, Tanner; Retrenchment, Moore, Farquhar, Evans; Fire, McWilliams, Bateman, Mercer; Law, Humphrey, Clements, Steiner; Railroads, Farquhar, McWilliams, Bateman; Sidewalks, Schultz, Taylor, :Vogt; Parks, Myers, Zinsmeister, Schultz; Grievance, Moore, Tanner, Knauer. Advisory Members Street and Alley Committee, Humphrey, Evans, Zinsmeister, Farquhar, Vogt. "Secretary of State Poorman," says the Columbus, State Journal, "has made the following classification of Ohio cities according to law under the last Federal census: First grade, first class, Cincinnati; second grade, Cleveland; third grade, Toledo. The second, grade, first class, Columbus; second grade, Dayton; third grade,Springfield, Akron, Chilicothe, Hamilton, Portsmouth, Sandusky, Steubenville, Youngstown and Zanesville; fourth grade, Alliance, Bellaire, Bucyrus, Canton, Circleville, Defiance, Delaware, East Liverpool, Fremont, Findlay, Fostoria, Galion, Gallipolis, Greenville, Ironton, Lancaster, Lima, Marietta, Mansfield, Marion, Martin's Ferry, Massillon, Mt. Vernon, Newark, Norwalk, Piqua, Pomeroy, Salem, Tiffin, Troy, Urbana, Warren, Washington, Wellston, Wellsville, Wooster and Xenia. Until 1841 the water used by the inhabitants of Zanesville was obtained from wells and springs, of which latter a goodly number existed throughout the territory of the present city, notably the old Carlow spring, at the head of Fountain alley, from which vast quantities were hauled and sold to the people. Prominent among the first to conceive of water works on an extensive and improved scale were Joseph and William Galligher, Thomas Davidson, John. Adams and James Crosby, all of whom are deceased. From an old yellow-leaved journal in the office of the water works, is extracted the following interesting entry, which was made by Town Clerk James Crosby, and bears date July 10, 1841 ; " Sundries Dr. To loan from Zanesville Canal and Manufacturing Company. For the sum borrowed from them by the town of Zanesville for 24 years from first of January, 1842, at an interest of 6 per cent. per annum, commencing this day and payable semi-annually—viz., on the first days of January and July each and every year per bond given them, a correct copy of which is to be found in minute book D of the council, pages 333 to 341 inclusive, for erecting water works and other purposes in the town of Zanesville, Muskingum bank; this sum being D. C. Conver's check deposited on the 17th inst. to the credit of the president, recorder and trustees of the town of Zanesville, for which said institution is to allow 4 per cent. interest for all balances which may remain in its possession, $30,497.o5. Ohio State Script. The amount of 0. S. Script bearing an interest of 6 per. cent. per annum, deposited in said bank for safe keeping, $8,946.13 (savings bank of Zanesville), total, $39,442.18. From this loan sprang the present system of water works and it was the first city bond issued for water works purposes, for which reasons it is here given in its entirety August 28, 1841, appears the next entry: " Sundries Dr. To William Gallagher for the following sums paid by him per order drawn by secretary, Contingent Expenses. Paid Arnold Tippet's bill, stationery, $25.00 ; per shovels bought of Fillmore, paper and postage, $4.56 ; compensation to Mr. Powell for his visit from Wheeling, by invitation from the council, and general information received from him respecting water works, $25.00 ; for One stopcock and one fire plug received from J. Powell, Wheeling, by order received Sept. 1, $70,00 ; cart and carriage therefrom, paid P. Printz & Co., $2.35 ; total, $127.91." During the winter of 1841-42 the work, under the able management of Thomas Davidson, (to whom more than to any other individual was due the success of the enterprise) was pushed forward in an energetic manner. Witchcraft. & Prosser were the contractors for the power house, which is now the " Pearl mills" they also built the reservoir on the hill at the head of South street, with Monahan & Co., as contractors for the excavating. This reservoir had a division made of heavy timbers running through the center of it, thus making two distinct reservoirs and was built at a cast of $5,672.m. During the summer and fall of 1842 the work progressed rapidly and was finished in the early spring of 1843. It may, in this connection, be of interest to state that the first hydrant was located 142 feet south from the corner of the alley on Maira street, between Sixth and Seventh, south side. May 18, 1843, the first water rents were collected by John Anthony, who at that time was acting in the capacity of superintendent and collector of water rents. His collections the first day were $36.00; the second day, $11.25; the third day, $8.00. Meantime new consumers were reporting at the office, as there is a list of twenty-one names of citizens as new water-takers who called at the office during May, 1843, and paid bills. Their payments aggregated $38.52, which amount plus the cash turned in by Col- HISTORY OF MUSKINGUM COUNTY - 233 lector Anthony made a grand total of $93.77. From this time forward each day added new hydrants and new water takers. Extensions went on; new improvements were added as. they became necessary; numerous additional fire plugs. were put in, and by April, 1844, the whole amount expended for the "Belleview water works" (for such they were christened) was $39,066.40. John Anthony was still superintendent and collector of water rents, and James Crosby, secretary, two faithful and efficient public servants. The revenue from all sources for the year ending January 1, 1846, was $1,601.24. January I, 1847, the revenue reported for the year ending with that date was $1,821.39. To meet the growing demand of a constantly increasing population an extension of pipe lines and other improvements was necessary, and to meet the expense water works bonds in the sum of $100 and upward were issued bearing interest, some at six, others at seven, and others at eight per cent. In 1851, after Zanesville was incorporated a city, a board of water works trustees was elected. In 1852 a new reservoir was built on. Harvey's hill at a cost of 4952.10, and the old one was abandoned. The receipts for the year ending March I, 1852, was $4,222.15. From April 1, 1844, to April 1, 1852, the amount paid out on the works was $34,092.54. March 20, 1856, John Crosby retired from the secretaryship, and was succeeded by George W. Thompson, and Daniel Zeis was employed as assistant superintendent.. During the year 1856 the receipts from all sources amounted to $5,032.04. All of this time the city was paying to the state $250 'annually to have the water pumped into the reservoir by the state board of public works. The facilities at this time were inadequate to the needs of the city, and at a meeting of the trustees held January 3, 1865, Mr. Thomas Griffin offered a resolution stating that increased facilities were a necessity, and recommending that the trustees and secretary visit other cities where water works were in vogue for the purpose of obtaining information regarding the construction and capacity of other works, their rentals, etc. This resulted in the erection of a new power house on South street, which increased the bonded indebtedness of the city $139,000. Contracts for this power house were let in the spring of 1867. The cost largely exceeded the estimates; one or more of the contractors failed to perform his allotted part; the excavating was difficult, and much trouble was had to secure a solid foundation; and it also became necessary to construct a new ascending main to the reservoir, necessitating a heavy additional outlay. The old power house on the canal was run in connection with the new. till 1873. In 1875 it was stripped of its machinery and abandoned. Here it may be interesting to the reader to state that from July 9, 1842, to November 1, 1875, the city paid to the state board of public works $7,586.70 for power furnished. From March 23, 1868, to February Jo, 1872, the corporate limits of the city were extended, taking in a considerable territory with a large population. The people living in the newly created wards were entitled to and demanded like water facilities with the older wards. In fact a contract had been entered into, to encourage annexation, that after a reasonable time water pipes should be laid in their streets. The water works trustees were true to their agreement, as, in the spring of 1871, the water main was carried across the river to the Eighth ward. Conveying the pipe across the river was a difficult undertaking and it was only made successful by using the flexible joint pipes. After the job was completed and accepted it was found that it had not been done as thoroughly as was desired; for being laid on the mud it interfered with navigation at low water, and in 1873 the moving ice parted the pipe. Subsequently a channel was dredged and the pipe was re-laid, and since there has been no trouble of the kind. The extension to and through the Eighth ward, cost $66,008.66. Shortly after this the water was taken across the Licking, above the dam to the Seventh ward. In the spring of 1872 a twelve-inch water main was carried across the river to the Ninth ward. This extension was a long one and cost $59,976.56. In 1873, a line was laid from the Ninth to the Seventh ward by way of Dug road at a cost of $5,053.22. This extension was made necessary for the reason that the pipe crossing the river to the Eighth ward had been broken. This job was promptly finished and the Seventh and Eighth wards were supplied by this new extension. April 29, 1872, Elias Ebert was appointed superintendent. He was a first-class machinist and engineer. The year 1872 is noted for the agitation of questions looking to vast improvements in the water works, particularly to new water works above the city. This move was made for the purpose of obtaining 'pure water, as the new works were to be situated above the drainage of the city. The coal supply could be more easily and cheaply obtained, and better fire pro- 234 - HISTORY OF MUSKINGUM COUNTY. tection and water facilities given to the population in that part of the city. June, 17, 1872, Superintendent Ebert was commissioned to visit the East and in the large cities learn all he could of their water works systems. . June 18, a joint committee consisting of the Finance committee of the city council and the board of water works trustees were selected to locate the new power house and reservoirs. The site agreed upon for the former was on the railroad near Mill Run bridge; for the latter was chosen a high point known as Blandy's hill, a tract of land donated by the owner (Blandy) to the city for water works purposes. To T. B. Townsend was awarded the contracts for excavating the new reservoirs, for building same as well as for nearly all the new work. July 23, 1872, Supt. Ebert having returned from his Eastern trip, reported to the, trustees that he had visited New York City, Jersey City, Newark, N. J., and Philadelphia, Penn., and had made a careful examination of their respective systems. On his recommendation the secretary was directed to order one Worthington duplex pump of a capacity of 2,000,000 gallons every twenty-four hours, to be delivered by November 1st. The following year another pump was purchased which, when put in operation, raised the pumping capacity of the works to 5,000,000 gallons daily. There being still a large territory east of ,the city that was too high to be benefited by the existing water service, it became necessary in order to satisfy the demand for "water" to project a plan whereby water could be served to people living on the heights. Finally, after much agitation, August 23, 1873, the site for the new power house and stand pipe was located, and to T. B. Townsend was awarded the contracts for building, which were completed in due season, The machinery at Power House No. 3 (now No. 2.) commenced running November 7, 1873. The citizens now pointed with pride to their magnificent and effective water works. Up to, and including the cost of constructing, these last improvements, the Bellevue water works had created a bonded indebtedness for water Works purposes of $398,043.18. During 1872 and 1873 there was expended for water works purposes $203,371.13 and from March 15, 1872 to April 1st, 1882 the amount of money paid out for extensions foot up $137,597.51. The county infirmary extension adds nearly two miles to the' length' of the pipe lines, and cost the water works $500.00. The county bearing the balance of the expense. This extension is a source of revenue to the water works, both from the rents received from the county, and from water takers along the line. Up to the fall of 1876, beyond paying the regular annual interest, $2,366.60, to the Zanesville Canal and Manufacturing Co., the water works had yielded no revenue over the actual running expenses. But from this time, owing to the increased water rents and the able management of the board of trustees, they were enabled to begin discharging the indebtedness of the works. From Sept. 2, 1876 to January 25, 1882 the debt was reduced $37,000. At the beginning of 1883 the city had 34 miles and 748 feet of water pipe, 158 fire plugs, and 2,485 hydrants. From May, 1843, to April 1, 1882, a period of 39 years were collected the following water rents: From 1843 to 1857 the total receipts were $45,792.48; from 1857 to 1871 the receipts were $110,034.42; while from 1871 to April 1st., 1882, the receipts were $231,757.58. Making a grand total of $387,584.48. The following casualties have occurred: In May, 187o, a boiler in Power House No. 1 exploded, killing Gottleib Sterley, fireman, and doing about $2,000 damage to the building. To the widow of Sterley was paid about $2,000. In February, 1871, Sylvester Ebert, an engineer, was caught in the machinery, receiving injuries which proved fatal a few days later. July 4, 1880 Power House No. 3 (now No. 2) was damaged by fire to the amount of $2,158.33. During the year ending April I, 1883, there had been laid 15,651 feet of water mains from 4 to 10 inches in diameter, making a total length of mains in the city from 2 to 30 inches in diameter, 37 miles and 559 feet. There was paid for extensions and improvements during the year ending April 1, 1883, $9,789.52. The amount of receipts for this year from water rents were $27,677.02, an increase of $2,170.70 over the previous year. During the fiscal year ending April I, 1884, there were 2,769 feet of water mains laid which, with other improvements, cost $7,683.92. The water rents for the last fiscal year were $27,667.02, an increase of $838.20 over the previous year. For year ending May 1, 1885, there was laid 894 feet of mains, which with the improvements of the year foots up $1,826.79 expense. Water rents for the preceding year were $28,515.22. A net increase of $473.40 over the year before. In 1886 the trustees of the water works in their annual report stated that $106,497 in interest had been paid on the loan of $39,443.18 made July 10, 1841, from the Zanesville, Canal and Manufacturing Company, being nearly three times the amount of the original loan. In 1886 there was spent on extensions HISTORY OF MUSKINGUM COUNTY - 235 and improvements $5,724.19, and 9.419 feet of new pipe was laid, making a total of pipe in the city 39. miles 3,181 feet. The revenues from water rents for this year were $1,300.04 less than for the previous year, caused by the Board's reduction of the family schedule of water rents which took effect November 1885. During the year 1887, 2,047 feet of pipe was laid, which, with, other improvements, cost the city $1,566.20. The water rents for this year were $5o9.67 less than last year, and the total revenue from all sources was $498.11 less than the prior year, indicating a healthy growth in revenues, this being the first full years' exhibit, since the approximate 25 per cent: reduction in family water rents was made. Besides paying, the current expenses of operating and maintaining the works, there had been applied during the year from surplus the sum of $13,277.54. Within the five years ending March 31, 1887, the water rents exceeded those for the five years prior to March 31, 1882, in the sum of $19,832.25 cash; besides leaving during the last year and a half the approximate sum of $6,000 with the family water consumers under said, reduction of rents, which shows for said period referred to an average annual increase in round numbers of $5,000. At this date the entire water works system had cost in the aggregate $525,248.75, and the city had outstanding bonds to the amount of $330,000, and the remaining $195,248.75 had been paid out of the surplus earnings of the works. During the five years just passed $46,086.73, nearly one-fourth of said sum $195,248.75, had been paid by the works, besides the payment of $20,659.70 on interest account. This is surely a good showing, and reflects credit on the board of management,.and doubly so when it is considered that the city for its uses had received in addition to the above the annual sum of about $15,000 in water privileges, from which the works received no revenue. During the year 1888 there were laid 11,835 feet of new extension, which with other improvements incured an expense of $8,151.52. According to the secretary's report the revenue from water rents for this year were $29,162.43, a net gain fdr the year of $1,983.52: Nothwithstanding the board reduced the schedule of family water rents .25 per cent. The water rents for the year, under consideration, were in excess of those of any former years during the existence of the works. The board had also paid over to the city council during that year $5,000 on water works purposes, making in all during the past two years, by the works, a reduction of the city's bonded debt to the amount of $14,443.18, and $2,193.36 paid to the city council on interest account—a sum total of $16,636.48. From the secretary's report of 1888 is gleaned the following exhibit: Annual cash receipts, for water, $29,162.43. Current expenses to maintain and operate works, $18,107.23. Estimated value of water furnished the city free, $15,000.00. Bonded indebtedness of city for water works purposes, $310,000.00. Average rate per cent. on said debt, 4 23-3o. Annual interest of debt of city for water works, $14,700.00. 1,123,157,032 gallons .of water produced—cost per 1,000 gallons to produce to consumer to pay current expenses of works,. $.016. Cost per Ix() gallons to produce to consumer to pay current expenses and annual interest on water works debt, $.o29. Received per 1,000 gallons per water rents receipts, $.026. Received per 1,000 gallons per water rent receipts on estimated at cash value ($15,000) on: city's free use of water, $.04. During 1889, 9,259 feet of new extension was laid which with improvements cost the city $6,718.00. The receipts for this year reached $31,053.73, a net gain for the year of $1,891.30. The above shows $2,065.11. more revenue from rents than was received for the year prior to the reduction of family rents, which took effect November 1, 1885. The total annual increase in revenues from water rents since said reduction took place is estimated in round numbers to be not less than $5,000. It may be of interest to the water consumers and tax payers to give a short synopsis of the application of the surplus revenues for the seven years ending with 1889. Expended on extensions and fire hydrants, $30,327.89. Paid On city debt, $14,443.18. Paid interest on city debt, $20,659.70. Total, $35,102.88. Paid on four new boilers, machinery, etc., Power House No. 2, $9,229.60. Paid on new boiler house addition Power House No. 2, $4,328.05. Map of water works plant, $1,415.50. Rebuilt part of stack at Power House No. 1, $249.50. Reservoirs, buildings and. premises. $722.55. Total applied surplus, $81,373.97. The total mileage of extensions during the seven years referred to was 9 miles 4,354 feet, or about one-fourth of the entire plant. During the year 1890, there were laid 15,300 feet of new extension which, with the cost of other improvements, netted an expense to the city of $10,488.25. There are now 46 miles and 4,865 feet of city mains in use. The water re is collected for fiscal year ending March 31, 1890, were $31,824.70, a net increase of $770.97. There are now no temporary loans outstanding. The trustees of water works are 236 - HISTORY OF MUSKINGUM COUNTY. Wm. R. Baker, president; Gil. Snyder, Robt. Thompson, Pius Padgitt, secretary; R. M. Saup, superintendent. The total valuation of the plant as it stands to-day is $600,000. The water supply is of the best, being taken from the river above the city, which is here best known as the " Beautiful Blue Muskingum." The cities takes a justifiable pride in her water works plant, which is counted as one of the, finest in the state. In 1812 Levi Whipple and others obtained a charter to construct a toll bridge over the Muskingum, and he and Benjamin Tupper, Dr. Increase Mathews and Ebenezer Buckingham completed a bridge where the Third Street bridge now is, in 1813. It was an uncovered bridge, resting on piers which, raised about eight feet, now support the Third Street bridge. After a few years this first bridge fell down, and it was rebuilt about 1818 or 1819. It was again doomed to calamity, and burned on the night of May 27, 1845. The work of rebuilding was begun immediately. The piers were raised to their present height, and a bridge something like the upper bridge was elected upon them. The Main Street bridge was built soon after the Third Street bridge. The stone pier under the central part of the " Y" was finished by Jacob Houck in 1813. The wood-work was completed the next year. A portion of the east end fell into the river in 1818. This damage was repaired, and fourteen years later a part of this bridge fell again, with more deplorable results. " August 21, 1832," wrote Mr. Church, a great freshet had drawn a large number of people to the bridge, apprehending danger of its being carried away; and, strange to relate, with this danger staring them in the face, many were on the bridge when about 30o feet of the east end of the bridge fell into the swollen torrent. Among those who went down into the angry tide were Ebenezer Buckingham and Jacob Boyd. Mr. Buckingham's body was recovered few days after, about four miles below the city by Edmund Bliss, who received the reward of $500 offered by the family." The wooden Fifth Street bridge, after a score of years' service, more or less, is getting untrustworthy, and is being replaced by a large and . expensive iron/structure, a little further down stream. The Sixth Street bridge, an iron structure of much solidity, is of comparatively recent construction. In looking over the records regarding the date on which the Main Street bridge was opened free to the public and the collection of tolls discontinued, some very interesting facts were obtained. Contrary to what is generally supposed, this bridge was not considered a part of the National road, and the state did not assume control of the bridge at the time the National road was given over to the control of the state. The bridge was built and owned by a company which also owned, the Third Street, or what at that time was called the Putnam bridge. The attention of the state seemed first to be attracted to the Main Street bridge by the construction of the draw-bridge over the canal. It was in 1812 that the legislature passed a bill granting John McIntire the right to construct a dam across the Muskingum river at the head of the rapids. In 1816 the same right was granted to the Zanesville Canal arid Manufacturing Company, which was incorporated in that year. In 1835 that Ohio river boats might enter the " upper " Muskingum river trade, the legislature passed a bill authorizing the state to purchase certain lands owned by the Zanesville Canal and Manufacturing Company for the construction of a dam and a canal. The purchase was made in 1837, and the report of the commissioner of public works for the year 1842 says that the Muskingum improvement was completed and that boats could enter the " pool " above the dam at this point. In 1845 the state made an appropriation for an other draw-bridge, and still another was built in 1866, which was called a double draw, and for which the county commissioners appropriated $3,500. Main Street bridge was owned by a private company, and was a paying institution until 1852. In the previous year the Baltimore and Ohio Railroad bridge was completed, and a foot-path constructed along the south side of it for the use of the employes, to save them from paying toll. The general public was swift to use the walk, and save the toll charged on the Y bridge. This was the one thing which led the company to listen to a proposal on the part of the state to purchase the bridge. Negotiations were pending for some time, and in April, 1866, the minutes of the county commissioners meeting contain a copy of a petition from citizens, numerously signed, setting forth the fact that the state authorities were negotiating for the purchase of the south side of the Main Street bridge, but that the company which also owned the Putnam bridge refused to sell that portion of the Main Street bridge unless the county would purchase the Licking branch of the Main Street bridge and also the Putnam bridge. The petition asked that the commissioners purchase the two pieces of property in question. This petition had its immediate incentive in the fact that it was in 1866 that the Baltimore . and Ohio Railroad bridge broke HISTORY OF MUSKINGUM COUNTY - 237 down, precipitating two locomotives into the river, and cutting off the free intercourse between West Zanesville and the city proper. No action was taken by the county commissioners at this date, but on May 4, 1868, the records show that the Putnam bridge was purchased for $16,000; and the Licking branch of the Main Street bridge for $8,798. The report of the auditor of state for the same year shows that the state purchased the main driveway of this bridge at a cost of $19,201. It was therefore in the latter part of i868 that the collection of toll on both the Third Street and. the Y bridge was discontinued. Zanesville's first burial place on north Sixth street, where the gas-works now are, was laid out in 1800. The second, which was donated in 1802, by Dr. Increase Mathews, and in which the donor's wife was the first person buried (June, 1802), is now included in Woodlawn cemetery. The Zanesville City cemetery, now known as Greenwood cemetery, was laid out in 1835, and bodies were removed from other grounds to it. The first burial there was that of Sarah Ann, wife of Jacob Stout, Sunday, October 24, 1835. The original tract was purchased from Richard Stillwell, March 5, 1835. Numerous additions have been made to it and it is now large and well improved. In 1869 the control of this cemetery passed from the city council to a board of trustees now known as the trustees Greenwood cemetery. The present board is thus constituted: C. Stolzenbach, president; David Hahn; treasurer; Edward Gigax, W. M. Shinnick, Jr., secretary; Scott Roberts is the superintendent. Woodlawn Cemetery was opened by a corporation named "The Proprietors of Woodlawn Cemetery," which was chartered in 1850, the first officers of which were A. A. Guthrie, president; D. Applegate, treasurer; and Charles. C. Russell, secretary. The improvements of the grounds began in 1851, under the personal supervision of the. president. The cemetery was publicly dedicated in 1853. Among the original stockholders were Charles C. Conyers, Charles B. Goddard, Richard Stillwell, Hugh J. Jewett, A. A. Guthrie, the Buckinghams and others. The first graveyard of the Roman Catholics of this town was on the rear of the lot occupied by St. Thomas' church. The first person buried there was John S. Dugan, Who was killed, as the result of his horse running away in 1825. When St. Thomas' church was erected, the dead were removed to the present Catholic cemetery, which was purchased for the church in 1835, by Bishop Purcell of Cincinnati, who dedicated it, and entrusted it to the control of the parish priest of St. Thomas. Mount Calvary cemetery is under control of the Mount Calvary cemetery association, Rev. William Quinn, president; M. A. Kernan, secretary; Michael Maher, treasurer; Peter Curran, Andrew Quinn, Maurice Foran and Owen Tracy, trustees. Greenwood cemetery is situated at the northeast corner of the National pike and Cemetery avenue; Woodlawn cemetery at Woodlawn avenue and the Cooper Mill road; the Catholic cemetery at the northwest corner of the National pike and Cemetery avenue, Mount Calvary cemetery, on the National pike west of the city limits; the German Catholic cemetery, on the Wheeling road east of the city limits; and the Hebrew cemetery on the National pike west of the city limits. There is another "city of the dead" that deserves more than a passing notice from a historian of Zanesville. That is the old graveyard at the head of. Main street, which was probably opened as early as 1807. A Mr. Elijah Hart was buried there in March, that year. There the bones of John McIntire were entombed until their removal to the grounds of the McIntire "Home." As early as 1816, the town of Zanesville took charge of this cemetery. The parks are among Zanesville's most interesting features. McIntire Park is located at the corner of McIntire avenue and Amelia street; Pastime Park on West Main; Putnam Park on the bluffs overlooking the city; Grant Park, located in the western part of the city, is a splendid resort covering six acres of ground beautifully shaded, and fitted up with all the accessories of a first-class resort. The old records show that at a meeting of the town council June 5, 1814, an ordinance was passed, applying to the county commissioners for permission. to erect a public market house. The site chosen was known as "the public square," the same now occupied by the court house and jail. The petition was not granted, and the council decided to erect the building on Market street cast of Court alley, and built a frame structure, fronting thirty-five feet on Market street and having a depth of forty-three feet. The contract price was only $150, and after it completion John L. Cochran was appointed market master at $50. per annum. As will be apparent to even the least thoughtful, this building was frail indeed, but it stood until January 24th, 1863, when it fell under the weight of the snow upon its roof, coming down with a crash and killing, wounding and maiming quite a number of persons, some of whom were prominent in the town. The present large brick two-story market .house was erected in 1863-65. 238 - HISTORY OF MUSKINGUM COUNTY The first payment toward its construction was made August 1, 1863, and the last January 14, 1865. This structure contains, on the second floor various city offices. N. D. Savage is market master and meat inspector. The police department is organized as follows: Chief—W. H. Sheppard; lieutenant—J. P. Evans; patrolmen—Wm. Williams, W. H. Riley, John Sherman, J. J. Ansel, Charles Freeman, George Clark, George Murdock, Thomas G. Parkinson, Wm. A. Clements, H. S. Hankinson, Ed. Pickerell, W. McLaren, David L. Toll, W. M. Hunnicutt, John B. Yueger, G. H. Kennper; watchman at Fifth Street bridge, Wm. Dennis. The department has headquarters at the workhouse building, where the mayor also has his office,' and is equipped with a good patrol wagon and an adequate number of horses. The administration of its affairs is able and generally satisfactory. December 22, 1819, the Zanesville Express gave notice of a meeting of the subscribers to the fire engine. company, at the court house, at 2 p. m. the following day for the purpose of organizing, electing' officers and transacting such other business as might be necessary. The company was organized with forty members, fifteen of whom worked the engine while the others formed the of line. The company was made up of leading citizens and among the first to join were William Twaddle, Joseph Church, S. Deffenbaugh, James Culbertson, Michael Dulty, John Dulty, Adam and John Peters, Nathaniel and Charles Wilson, Nathaniel Sprague and Richard and George Reeve. This company, called the Union Fire Engine Company, had ladders which were-kept at the "fire company house," at the southeast corner of Fourth street and Fountain alley, and .a dog named Minus that ran to all the fires and was something of a mascot; and they had everything their own way until 1836. On the 19th of November, that year, the "Merchants' Fire Company" was organized, with Elias Ebert as first engineer; Col. J. T. Fracker was president Bernard Van Horne secretary and treasurer; Isaac Campbell, second engineer; and Daniel Brush, James Raguet and Anthony Wilkins 'directors. The company was organized with ioo members, and each wore a conspicuous red badge with the letters "M. F. C." displayed upon it in gold. From 1836 to' 1840 they used the old headquarters already referred to. The mayor's office and council chamber were overhead in the. same building. The "Rellef Fire Company" was organized January 10, 1839. There was a large membership, and the company' started out with the following named officers: N. G. Abbott, president; G. L. Shinnick, vice-president; James Sheward, secretary; James Hazlett, treasurer; Robert Lashley, first engineer; John Printz; second engineer; standing committee: A. Printz, R. S. Adams, R. I. Morrow, Jesse Fox and Horace Granger. The first engine of this company was called the "Little Old Hydraulic," and stood side by side with the "Union" in the engine house. At the ' time it was the most efficient in town. The "Union Fire Company" was incorporated February 14, 1840, and existed until 1874. It had a large list of active members, and its first officers were the following: Joseph Johnson, president; Andrew Dawson, vice-president; James R. Kees, first director; Alexander Johnson, second director; John Gerwich, treasurer; Thomas Launder, secretary; John H. Printz, J. A. Tucker, Isaac D'Garmitt, Harrison D'Garmitt, Richard Drone and Henry Worstall, pipemen. Among the active and honorary members of this organization were many of the most prominent citizens of Zanesville in all walks of life. The company had a good library and made a feature of a mock court, in which one man is said to have been on trial every evening for a week, charged with a misdemeanor, while numerous witnesses were subpoenaed and attended, believing the court to be properly constituted and in every way regular. The "Hope Hose Company" was organized with a large membership, May 5, 1851. Its first officers were David Orndorff, president; John T. Redmond, vice president; Charles ,S. Parish, secretary; John Van Horne, treasurer; James and John Morrow, directors; William H. Shaffer and John W. Campbell, plugmen. The motto of this company was "Prompt Action when Danger Calls." A dog was attached to the organization also. His name is said to have been "Dash," and he is accredited with having had an analytical knowledge of the fire alarm and its Workings. "The Star Hose Company" was organized with sixty members, May I, 1852 and disbanded when the paid department was introduced. Its first officers were William Fox, president; John Stone, vice-president; James Cochran, secretary; E. L. Grigsby, treasurer; Henry A. Heritage, messenger; William Fox; T. G. McCormick and Isaac Cummins, directors. Its motto was "Our Impulse to Action." May 10, 1852, the "Eagle Fire Company," of the Third ward, was organized with a fine list of members, and officered as follows: Thomas Dixon, president; George W. Harris, vice-president; Samuel Chapman, secretary; Charles H. Werner, treasurer; T. Dixon and G. W. Harris, HISTORY OF MUSKINGUM COUNTY - 239 directors. The West Zanesvillians organized the "Muskingum Fire Company," June 1, 1853, with the following officers: Charles Peters, president; Louis H. Worrell, vice-president; William W. Wimmer; treasurer; James S. Ward, secretary. There were fifty members. This company was reorganized in 1871, as the "Reliance Hose Company," with Thomas Smith as president, Henry Kendall as secretary, Frank McKinney as treasurer, John Mills as messenger, Charles L. Grimm and William Maker as pipemen, and John Whitehart and Daniel Dugan as standing committeemen. The membership was forty. The name was again changed to the "Relief Hose Company." The city built a two story house for its use at a cost of $1,600. This organization finally disbanded in 1878, and was in a way attached to the paid department. "Rescue Hook and Ladder Company, No. 5," was an independent organization in 1854, and paid $1,200 for its truck besides building quarters for itself next to the court house. There were forty members, and they were called by some "kid glove". firemen, but they showed that they had good fighting hands in their gloves when 34 of them volunteered to help put down the rebellion. The officers. were John Dymond, president; George James, first vice-president; Edward Wheeler, second vice-president; W. F. Baker, secretary; H. .C. Lillibridge, foreman; Charles H. Ross, assistant foreman. "Relief, No. 7," was organized in the Seventh ward, June 30, 1870, with nearly forty members and the following named officers: . William Godfrey, president; David Hook, vice-president; William E. Atwell, secretary; William Deacon, treasurer; Isaac Morgan and D. P. Mercer, directors; Charles Huff and Arthur Palmer, plugmen; Denton Graves, messenger; Samuel Murray and Albert Worstall, pipemen; R. Perry. Bean, Newton Hall and Enoch S. Huff, standing committee. "Seventy-six Hose Company" was organized April i 5, 1872, and occupied a building on Monroe street, in the Sixth ward, which the city erected that year. Two years later it disbanded and divided the proceeds of its property among the then active members. Its first permanent officers were Harrison Marshall, president; Jacob Fischer, vice-president; John J. James, secretary; George S. Fitz, treasurer; Daniel E. Giles, director; John Keeswell, assistant director; John A. Brennan and Frederick Fischer, plugmen; Richard Hocking, James Wallwork and Joseph Wise, standing committee; Nicholas Strauss, messenger. Robert McNabb and Jesse. D. Fell, pipemen. "Neptune Hose Company" was organized May 17th and was accepted by the city May 25, 1872. It was an independent company, of thirty members, who declared their intention to act as a reserve and turn out only at large fires except in their own ward, where they would work at all fires whether summoned or. not. It was thus officered: President, Frederick Hirshy; vice-president, Peter Keck; secretary, Wallace Quigley; treasurer, Joseph Haffer; captain Frank Myers; assistant captain, Peter Shubock; messenger, Philip Huffman; standing committee, John Kreuter, John N. Steiner and F. Ryan. July 5, 1872, witnessed the organization of "Niagara Hose Company," who occupied a building in the Ninth ward erected by the city, until they disbanded March, 1876, and divided their property among the remaining twenty-two of their fifty-eight active members. The first officers were John Curtis, president; Andrew Farnum, vice-president; John D. Jones, secretary; 0. C. Farquhar, treasurer; H. D. Flanagan, and F. Olmstead, directors; S. Atkinson, William H. Ratliff, S. Greemiger and William Osmond, standing committee. "Rescue, No. 7," was organized December 29, 1874, gaining its membership from the "Relief,'' and was accepted by the city council January 11, following. This was an independent volunteer company and adopted the by-laws of the "Neptune." The first officers were Henry Minter, president; W. H. Gillingham, vice-president; P. Dugan, treasures; W. E. Atwell, secretary; L. Twaddle and Arthur Palmer, directors; S. E. Huff and P. Cullman, plugmen; Isaac Murray, messenger; J. Murray and J. Stowe, pipemen; James Douglass, Marion Varner and H. Dugan, standing committee. Until the spring of 1879 the companies still in existence received from the city $150 each per annum, which they expended in furnishing their halls on the second floors of the hose buildings. Each secretary was paid $25 and each messenger $40 per year for his services. The volunteer companies were composed, for the most part of the best men in town. As organizations they never received more than $215 per company per annum, to defray expenses. After years of service, when the demands upon their time became onerous and the city found itself able to afford a paid department, they gave way, and, by act of the city council, were disbanded May 26, 1879. The present department was organized under an ordinance passed by the city council July 24, 1824. It is efficiently officered, manned and equipped and has made an enviable record among the departments of. Ohio. Its successive chiefs have been John McCor- 240 - HISTORY OF MUSKINGUM COUNTY. mick, H. Shrimpton, L. F. Langley and John Ferrel, who has served since October 3, .1891. The departmeut has besides the new central house, on Sixth street between Main and Market, five hose houses, four hose carriages, one combination hose and hook and ladder truck, one chemical engine, 3200 feet of hose, eleven fine horses and other necessary equipments. The five hose houses are located as follows: Hope, No 1, 121 Market street; Star, No. 2, North Seventh between Elm and Center street; Relief, No. 3, Keen, west of Fulton street; Eagle, No. 4, southwest corner Marietta and Roe streets; Niagara, No. 5, southeast corner Putnam avenue and Madison street. Its buildings are valued at $30,000, and one of them, the central hose house, recently erected, cost with its site $16,000. The fire alarm telegraph system went into operation February 20, 1879. At present it consists of one fire alarm repeater, forty alarm boxes and 24 miles of wire. The force is composed and distributed at the different hose houses . as follows: No. 1—John Flynn, H. Carl, C. B. Church; No. 2—Charles Hardesty, Lewis Rait, J. Baker; No. 3—W. H. Mahler, J. W. Norman, W. H. Davidson; No. 4—J. W. Bowers, A. Gibbons, J. Henderson; No. 5—Isaiah Morrison, E. L. Maxon, E. Baughman. There were sixty calls from October 3, 1891 to May 20, 1892; the loss on these did not exceed $3,200. The Zanesville work-house was erected,. by authority of an ordinance providing for the erection and maintenance of a Work-house, and providing for the appointment of a board of directors thereof: "WHEREAS, The. honorable, the board of county commissioners of Muskingum county, has agreed to unite with the city in the erection and maintenance of a joint work-house, according to the statute in such case made and provided, and have agreed to appropriate as a beginning the sum of $5,000, and provide for the payment of the same by levy duly made; therefore "SECTION 1. Be it ordained by the city council of the city of Zanesville, That there be and hereby is established a work-house jointly between said city and county, agreeably with the provisions of the statute in such case made and provided. "SEC. 2. There shall be appointed by the mayor, with the approval and confirmation of the city council, at the first regular meeting of the council after the passage of this ordinance, or as soon thereafter as may be, a board of five directors, who shall be called "The Board of Work-House Directors," and who shall serve without compensation—one of whom shall be appointed for one year, one for two years, one for three years, one for four years and one for five years, respectively, and annually there after one for five years. "SEC. 3. Said directors shall be subject to the direction and control of the city council, perform all and singular the duties prescribed by the laws of this state and the ordinances of the city council. "SEC: 4. The site of said work-house shall be in the first ward of this city, on the lot and parcel of land situated on the southwest corner of South and Fourth streets; now owned by the city, and occupied by it as a place for the working of prisoners, and on which is located Power House No. 1; and the building thereon shall, so far as practicable, be utilized for the purpose of workshops, and such additional buildings (including mayor's office, watch-house or city prison, and police station) shall be erected thereon for the purpose aforesaid as may be necessary and proper for the carrying out of the provisions of this ordinance, subject always to the approval of the city council. And said board of directors shall as soon as practicable, furnish and submit to this council plans and estimates of costs as to buildings proposed to be erected, and alterations and additions to those already constructed on said lot. "SEC. 5. This ordinance shall be in force and take effect on and after its passage and publication. Passed in council the 24th day of March, A. D. 1884. JAMES T. IRVINE, Pres't of Council. Attest: W. M. SHINNICK, JR., City Clerk." The building was begun soon after this date and was finished and occupied in January, 1885. It is a fine brick structure which cost about $22,000. The board of work house directors, 1891-92, is constituted as follows: George A. Stanbery, term expires April 9, 1892; H. C. Lillibridge, term expires April 9, 1893; Robert Silvey, term expires April 9, 1894; W. M. Shinnick, Sr., term expires April 9, 1895: Frank Myers, term expires Apri 1 9. 1896; R. S. Mershon's term expired April 9, 1891, and Frank Myers was appointed to succeed him for the term ending April 9, 1896. The officers are: President, George A. Stanbery; secretary, - Isaac Humphrey; treasurer, A. V. Smith; superintendent, Hugh Fineral; physician, E. C. Logsdon; guards: William Gilger, John Reynolds, George W. Durant. Regular meetings held on the first Thursday in each month, at 1:3o o'clock P. M. The standing committees are made up as follows: T. Fi- HISTORY OF MUSKINGUM COUNTY - 241 nance—R:- Silvey, W. M.- Shinnick, F. Myers. 2. Buildings and repairs—W. M. Shinnick, G. A. Staithery, R. Silvey. 3. Subsistence and clothing—H. C. Lillibridge, W. M. Shinnick, F. Myers. 4. Supplies, employment and contracts—R. Silvey, G. A. Stanbery, W. M. Shinnick. 5. Rules and regulations—F. Myers, H. C. Lillibridge, G. A. Stanbery. 6.. Discipline, paroles and pardons—W. M. Shinnick, R. Silvey, G. A. Stanbery. 7. Religious services and reading matter—G. A. Stanbery, F. Myers, H. C. Lillibridge. Following is a portion of the directors' report : "To the council of the city of Zanesville, Ohio, and to the board of commissioners of Muskingum county, Ohio: Dear Sirs: We herewith present to your separate bodies the annual report of the board of work house directors for the year 1891, as required by law. The board has been as successful as usual in carrying on the work of- the institution. The inmates, receipts and expenditures have increased over that of any former year. The average number of prisoners has increased, and the prison during the year was generally filled to its utmost capacity. All things considered, the institution may be said to be practically self-sustaining. The total amount necessary for the expenses of the work-house during the year was $21,226.85, of Which Muskingum county paid $3,985.50; and the city of Zanesville paid $4,330.64. The balance was raised from the sale of brooms, and from other counties and corporations that have contracts with the institution. In return for the amount paid by the city and county as above stated, the city received 1,671 tons of broken stone, which at a fair estimate is worth $1.75 per ton, or $2,924.25 ; $516.70 in fines and costs collected and paid into the city treasury, and the prisoners of the city prison were boarded by the work-house, which supplied 1,277 meals during the year, reasonably worth $20.00. Muskingum county received 2,078 tons of broken stone, worth at the above estimate $3,636.50, and $508.61 in collected fines and costs. No deaths occured at the institution this year. "The part of the institution devoted to the manufacture of brooms made and sold $9,631.83 worth of brooms, which was nearly one-half the income of the institution. The broom factory is under the management of Mr. Beymer, a practical broom maker, who has handled that branch of the work as well as could be expected, considering the peculiar circumstances attached to convict labor. The long term prisoners only are placed in the broom shop, the short term. men are employed at breaking stone. The demand for the brooms, exceeds the capacity of the shop, and the works are generally taxed to their utmost to supply the trade. In all cases where prisoners are worked over time, they are credited with the same on their commitments. "During the year contracts for the care of prisoners have been made with Nashville, Ohio; Newcomerstown, Ohio, Woodsfield, Ohio and Logan, Ohio. There are now twenty-seven counties and corporations that are sending prisoners here and taking advantage of the rates." The city's efficient board of education is made up thus: James T. Irvine, president; J. Hope Sutor, vice-president; W. M. Shinnick, Jr., clerk; George, Rishtine, treasurer; First ward, Dr. T. J. Barton; Second ward, W. M. Shinnick, Jr.; Third ward, J. T. Irvine; Fourth ward, H. F. Achauer; Fifth ward, J. N. Carr; Sixth ward, George Rishtine; Seventh ward, A. F. Munson; Eighth ward, D. G. Willey; Ninth ward, S. L. Wiles; Tenth ward, J. Hope Sutor. The board of elections is thus organized: M. D. Frazier, president; H. L. Anderson, secretary; John Morrow, H. L. Shryock, W. H. Johnson. Composition of the board of health: W. S. Bell, president-ex-officio; H. T. Sutton, M. D., health officer; Joseph B. Grannon, sanitary policeman. Members of board: T. J. McDermott, A. E. Starr, Albert T. Baker, James L. Holden, M. D., John S. Price, Rolla E. Silvey. It seems fitting that this chapter upon Zanesville's municipal history and institutions should close with the latest annual exhibit, of the balances between the receipts and disbursements . of the several funds of the city and of its bonded debt for the fiscal year ending March 14th, 1892; Summary of balances in the several funds__ Sinking fund, $1,476.30; interest Nassau bank, $9,677.90; poor fund: $65.16; Cemetery fund, $800; work house, $1,238.72; light, $3,9.10.43; fire, $174.83; police, $5,852.18; street and alley, $4,988.09; general, 3,707.23; Hall avenue sewer, $36.25; eastern sewer district, $1,783.86; Market street sewer, $22.73; .Fifth street sewer, $159.38; natural gas improvement fund, $85; Main street paving, $866.68; Third street paving, $590.82; Fifth street paving, $92.85; Sixth street paving, $949.15; Seventh street paving, $756.69; Market street paving, $1,504.19; Marietta street paving, $29.81; Adams street sewer, $4,193.86; special fund, $4,361.56; permanent street improvement fund, $127.64; Putnam avenue paving fund, $394.39; Park fund, $505.18; total, $48,350.88. Bonded debt—Bonds outstanding March 15, 1891, $490,347.35; temporary loans, $22,423.00; 242 - HISTORY OF MUSKIN.GUM COUNTY. total, $512,770.35; bonds issued for water works extension, $5o,000; for Fifth street paving, $1,814; for- Sixth street paving, $8,120; for Market street paving, $9,500; for Hall avenue sewer, $1,730; for Seventh street paving, $7,353.48; for Third street paving, $4,907.84; for. Putnam avenue paving, $15,000; for Marietta street paving, $5,000; for Adams street sewer, $10,000; total, $113,425.32; temporary loans issued, $1 30,761.75 ; total, $756,957.42; bonds paid Market street sewer, $2,500; for Main street paving, $500; for Fourth street paving, $500; for Fifth street paving, $214; for Sixth street paving, $1,020; for Market street paving, $400; for Third street paving, $407.84; for Seventh street paving, $853.48;. for Fifth street sewer, $152.29; total, $6,522.67; for temporary loans paid, $151,984.75; total, $158,507.42; grand total, $598,450.00; bonds outstanding March 15, 1892, $597,250; temporary loans, $1,200; total, $598,450. A little computation will convince the most skeptical that the manufacturing and jobbing interests of Zanesville combined will amount to about $10,000,000, these figures representing less instead of more than the actual business of the city. The classification of the different enterprises is as follows:—Manufacturing establishments, 134; wholesale houses, 42; retail houses, 64o; miscellaneous, 149; grand total, 965. To 'give an idea of the diversity of her interests we annex a table giving an analysis of the trade and business of Zanesville at the present time:—Agricultural implements, 5; art stores, 2; auction and commission houses, 5; awning manufacturers, 2; bakers, 6; baking powder manufacturers, 1; balcony and railing manufacturers, 2; banks, 7; basket makers, 1; belting, rubber and leather, 2; bent wood works, 2; blacksmith, 12; blank book- manufacturers and binders, 6; blast furnaces, 1; boat builders, 3; boiler works, I ; book stores, 3; boots and shoes, 4; bottling works, 1; box manufacturers, 2; brass and bell founders, 1; brewers, 4; brick manufacturers, 4; broom and brush manufacturers, 2; builders' hardware, 4; candy manufacturers, 6; canning establishments, 1; carriage manufactures and supplies, 14; china, crockery, etc., 4; cigar manufacturers, 26; clothing and furnishing, 6; coal dealers and miners, 13; coffee and spice mills, 2; cotton factory, I; coffin manufacturers, I ; contractors and builders, 26; cracker manufacturers, 2; carpet houses, 4; doors, sash and blind manufacturers, 4; drugs, 15; dry goods, 17; dyers, 2; electric light companies, i; engine manufacturers, 3; flour and feed, 13; file manufacturers, 1; fire brick manufacturers, 3; flouring'. mills, 5; florists, 3; flour sack manufacturers, 1; foundries, 6; foundry supplies, 2; fruit jar manufacturers, 9; furniture, 2; glue manufacturers, 2; grocers, 112; handle and spoke manufacturers, is hardware, 8; harness, 7; hats and caps, 4; hosiery manufacturers, 2; hotels and restaurants, 30; ice manufacturers, 1; iron fence manufacturers, 1; jewelers, 7; laundries, 3; liquors, wholesale, 7; livery, 12; lumber, 6; machine manufacturers, 3; mattress factories, 1; meat markets, 25; merchant tailors, 15; millinery, 17; musical merchandise, 2; newspapers, 9; notions, 11; oils, 3; paints, 5; paper box manufacturers, 5; paper mills, 1; patent medicine manufacturers, 3; paving brick manufacturers, 3; photographers, 6; pictures and frames, 3; pig iron manufacturers, 1; planing mills, 4; plumbers, 4; pork packers, 1; Potteries, 3; plow works, 2; printers and publishers, 14; rolling mills, 1; saloons and liquors, 88; sealing wax manufacturers, 1; sheet iron workers, 8; shirt manufacturers, 3; soap manufacturers, 3; stamp mills, 1; starch 8; manufacturers, 1; stationers, 5; stove manufacturers, 3; stoves and tinware, ii; street railroad companies, 4; tanneries, 2; terra cotta works, 1; tile works, ; tobacco, 1; trunk manufacturers, .3; twine and cordage manufacturers, ; wagon manufacturers, 4; woolen mills, 1; miscellaneous, 163; total, 965, For the establishment and maintenance of a trade and manufacturing center, the question of transportation is paramount to all other considerations. Zanesville is well favored in this respect. In the early days the Muskingum river gave her the benefit of a navigable stream which was of extraordinary service to the settlement. Later with the National road passing through the village with all of its travel, Zanesville felt that she had reached the height of transportation facilities, and at that time ranked herself as second only to Cincinnati in the Commonwealth. Railroads, however, in the present day, have superseded the old methods of conveyance and Zanesville to-day is a common and terminal point for seven railroads, viz,: Baltimore & Ohio, Pittsburg, Cincinnati & St. Louis, Bellaire, Zanesville & Cincinnati, Zanesville & Ohio River, Columbus, Shawnee & Hocking Valley, Cleveland, Akron, & Columbus, and Cleveland, Canton & Southern. Besides these a belt line road encircles the city and connects all the roads beside furnishing shipping facilities at the door of every manufacturing concern in the city. Combined they offer unequaled transportation facilities, as their branches and connections reach to every point of this country by the most direct route. HISTORY OF MUSKINGUM COUNTY - 243 CHAPTER XVIII BUSINESS OF ZANESVILLE. ZANESVILLE is located near the geographical center, as also the centre of populalation and business, of Muskingum county. It is situated on both banks of the. Muskingum river, and that portion west of the river is again divided by Licking river, the'different sections of the city being connected by large and permanent bridges. It is on the meridian of forty degrees of north latitude. Its mean annual temperature is about fifty-seven degrees, showing that its climate corresponds with that of St. Louis, Cincinnati and Baltimore. The distance of the place from the more important points in Ohio are, by rail, as follows: Zanesville to Cincinnati, 17o miles; to Dayton, 123 miles; to Columbus, 59 miles; to Toledo,. 183 miles; to Sandusky, 145 miles; to Cleveland, 137 miles; to Bellaire, y8 miles; to Marietta, 82 miles; to Marietta by river, 78 miles. One of the chief items and indeed of leading influence in determining the value and attractiveness of a place for residence, as also its importance in a business point of view, is its accessibility. It is a consideration which at this day is neither overlooked nor forgotten, and as trade and commerce increase and population advances, it constantly gains in importance. In this particular few places possess advantages superior to Zanesville. Consider, for a moment, the position here commanded. By means of the Ohio canal, Zanesville is connected With Portsmouth on the Ohio river, and Lake Erie at Cleveland, and all the principal towns and cities in the interior of the state situated on the canal and its branches. By the Muskingum river,, affording a water capacity sufficient to transport steamers of from 275 to 300 tons burden, it is connected with the Ohio river at Marietta, and from thence with all points on the Ohio, Mississippi and Missouri rivers and their tributaries. Steamers loaded at the Zanesville wharf have' )discharged their cargoes at Pittsburg and Brownsville in Pennsylvania, at- St. Paul and. New Orleans on the Mississippi, and at St. Joseph and Omaha on the Missouri. A glance at the map will demonstrate that the railroad facilities are equal to thoSe of any other place. Zanesville and its immediate vicinity possess facilities for manufacturing in nearly, if not quite, all the industries requiring skilled labor, it is believed, all things considered, equal, if not superior to those of any place East or West. In every item to be taken into account in the make-up of a manufacturing city comparison is challenged. It was the remark of the late John Quincy Adams made in reference to the water power here existing, that "Zanesville was the Lowell of the West. Henry Clay, in one of his letters, after personal inspection' of the water power at this point, said: "The water power furnished by the James river at Richmond makes it the best manufacturing site in the United States save that at Zanesville, Ohio." These opinions were expressed before the era of coal and railway transportation. The manufacturing interest of Zanesville are at this time its leading attraction. It is a growing interest and is imparting to the city a permanent. and solid character, and placing it among- the most prosperous cities of the West. The progress made in this direction has been rapid during recent years. Old industries have been enlarged and extended, and new ones added which bid fair to become large and prosperous enterprises. This stimulus to manufacturing industry is attributed to the fact that fuel and living are so cheap, market supplies of all kinds so abundant, the facilities for shipment so superior, and the location so central and generally so advantageous. Besides a more enlightened and liberalized sentiment than heretofore existed now prevails, and there is exhibited more of a disposition to encourage productive enterprises by furnishing money at liberal rates to aid in their' prosecution. The industries which render Zanesville conspicuous are the manufacture of iron, its furnaces and rolling mills, its machine shops, its 244 - HISTORY OF MUSKINGUM COUNTY. foundries, its glass manufactures, its door and sash factories, its cotton and woolen mills, its flouring mills, its paper mills, the manufacture of burial cases, its stone and. pottery ware and other great and useful enterprises. Practically the history of manufactures in Zanesville has, in a former chapter been brought down to about 1820. It is here resumed, and as before, the different branches will, for convenience, be considered in alphabetical order. Previous to 1822 the proprietors Of the Muskingum ,Messenger started a book bindery, which on the second of May, that year they sold to Ezekiel T. Cox .& Co. In 1829 Ballentine & Son bought the Joseph Lattimore brewery, which was on the site quite lately familiar as that of Miller & Co. pork packers, and continued the business until1835, when the plant was converted into a flour mill. In 1835. F. Hass built the American House brewery, and operated it until 1841. Mr. Hass died about 1880, and John Classman bought the property. After continuing the business three years, he sold it to William Fox. In 1843 a brewery was built, near the head of Main street, by Christian F. Achauer, which had a capacity of 3,000 barrels a year. Rev. George F. Goebel and C.onrad Fischer built a small brewery on the :northeast corner of Spring and High streets. Its subsequent proprietors were Rev. George - F. Goebel, 1856; Keisner & Horn, 1856-65; .then John A. Bremer & Co. Edward Didas began to brew in a small way in 1855. Conrad Fischer went into business again the next year. The firm of Fischer Bros. made 2,373 barrels of beer in 1874. In 1865, Adolph Horn, Frank Keisner and Adolph and Edward Merkle formed the company known as Horn & Co. In 1869 the business passed 'to the ownership of the Merkle Bros. The first hearse seen in Zanesville was a primitive affair without trimming Or lining, owned by Stevens & Mussellman. Louis Brenholtz, the first regular undertaker, began business in 1837. He had a hearse built by William Schultz. James Cherry, in Putnam, kept the first ready made coffins. E. N. Hatcher, who began here as an undertaker in 1867, not long afterward formed. a partnership with John H. Crooks, . in the manufacture of coffins, which continued until 1878, when they separated, each continuing business on his own account. In 1878, Hatcher wrote and published a Funeral Guide, which as the title,page said gave " the minutest detail of the whole funeral obsequies." In 1869 Messrs. Jonathan Hatcher &Sons built an addition to a building that had been erected about 1854 by Mann & Smith, and opened the first coffin manufactory in town. In 1872 the name of the firm was changed to 4. Hatcher & Co., and in 1879 the business passed into the control of an incorporated concern, since known as the Zanesville Coffin Company. Henry Sneerer began undertaking on North Fifth street in 1871, and in 1873 sold out to John H. Crooks, who in 1879 removed to North Fifth street. Jeremiah Dare built a machine shop in the upper story of his woolen factory, and having procured skilled workmen from Baltimore, constructed machinery for a cotton factory which was established in a building at the northeast corner of Third and Market streets. Until 1832 this mill was operated by Mr. Dare and his son, John D., and then the lower story was converted into a machine shop for the manufacture of cotton and wool manufacturing machinery. They made cotton yarn and batting. Their store was in a one-story frame building on the northeast corner of Third and Main streets. In December, 1846, a subscription was raised to establish a larger cotton mill, and a company known as the " Zanesville Cotton Mill" was brought into existence with John A. Adams, George A. Jones, William Galigher; N. Gattrell, Stephen R. Hosmer, Adam Peters, James L. Cox, Samuel Cox, E. E. Filmore, David H. Lyman, J. V. Cushing and Daniel C. Conyers as stockholders. These subscribed $14,000 which Richard Huff supplemented with a subscription of $7,000; making a total..of $21,000. Work was begun in January, 1847. Mr. Galigher built quite an extensive cotton mill on the southwest corner of Underwood and Zane streets, in 1854, and manufactured sheeting, batting and yarns, until his death, early in 1860. E. Mathews bought the mill, Richard Huff the machinery. In June, 1855, the stock. of the Zanesville Cotton Mill was owned by Basil Burton, Jesse Duvall, S. R. Hosmer, William Galigher, J. A. Adams, Samuel Clark, George James, J. Galigher and Adam Peters. The Star Cotton Mills Company gave a deed of trust to C. W. Potwin and W. A. Graham. In February, 1879, the property was sold under foreclosure to Hoover & Allison, :who carried on business with R. A.. Kelly as general manager and Gen. A. Schofield as superintendent. Henry Rocket began manufacturing files in Zanesville in 1854. Thomas:L. Pierce started a foundry on the Jacob Smith & Co. site in 1819. In 1827 he sold it to Richmond & Bostwick, who were succeeded in 1832 by Adams & Wheeler: In 1839, Adams &Wheeler built on the Jones & Abbott HISTORY OF MUSKINGUM COUNTY - 245 site; and in 1848 they were succeeded by Gilbert & Wheeler. In 1863 Sullivan & Herdman became proprietors. Charles H. Jones was admitted to the firm in i866, and Charles H. Abbott in-1871, when the style was changed to Jones & Abbott. In Fountain alley between Sixth and Seventh streets, Blocksom and Fracker built a foundry in 1826. In 1833 George Wand, A. P. Blocksom and Henry Blandy succeeded Mr. Fracker and did business under the firm name of Blocksom, Blandy & Co. Not long afterwards they leased the Dillon's Falls furnace and forge for two years and there operated as Dillon, Blandy & Co. In 1835 this firm dissolved. In 1838 Henry Blandy, and William Blocksom and his sons G. W. and A. P., began operating under the style of Blocksom, Blandy & Co. In 1840 Mr. Blandy withdrew and organized the firm of H. & F. Blandy, who in i866 were employing 320 men and doing a business amounting to $780,000. Dare & Ebert began business in 1830, arid built the first ,steam engine ever made in Zanesville. In 1832 the firm became Dare, Whitaker & Co. In 1937 Ebert and Whitaker withdrew and began operating in a new shop, which they built on the corner of Sixth and Main streets. In 1840 they built and removed to the Griffith & Wedge shops, on South Fifth street. Griffith & Wedge became proprietors about sixteen years later. In 1839 John T. Fracker and his son, John F. Fracker, Jr., built a small foundry on the southwest corner of Locust alley and Sixth street. In 1850 the firm changed to Fracker & Brother, and in 1852 the business was controlled by John T. Fracker, Jr., who continued it until 1870. Douglas, Smith & Co., had a foundry from 1851 to the beginning of the war, and then Douglas Brothers controlled it a short time and failed. January 1, 1866, William M. Shinnick, George D. Gibbons, Daniel Hatton and William J. Woodside, under the firm name of Shinnick, Hatton & Co., began a foundry business in the old Blocksom building, in Fountain alley, which they enlarged. Shinnick, Woodside & Gibbons succeeded them in 1870, and the establishment became known as the Union Foundry. From the small beginning of Jeremiah Dare in 1830, in the manufacture of castings, machinery, etc., arose the great works of Duvall & Co.; at the northeast corner of Third and Market streets. The firm of Newell, Davis, James & Co. was organized in 1848, with a capital of $20,000. In 1857 the concern was incorporated as the Ohio Iron Company, with a capital of $75,000. The directors at that time were Henry Blandy, C. W. Potwin, Samuel Baird, E. B. Greene and E. E. Filmore. The Zanesville Furnace Company was organized in 1859, and manufactured pig iron. In 1862 it was absorbed by the Ohio Iron Company. In 1820 the "White Glass Works" were leased and operated by Thomas Mark. Two years later they passed to the possession of Shepherd, Bostwick & Crosby. Mr. Bostwick withdrew in 1835, and Mr. Shepherd in 1838, and the next year Mr. Crosby closed the business. About 1842 George W. Kearns, Joseph Burns, W. F. Spence, Thomas Reynolds, Samuel Turner and George Wendt began operating the works. They were practical glass blowers from Pittsburgh, and at one time they employed about forty men. Reynolds and Wendt sold out in 1844 and Turner and Spence in 1846. Later Arnold Lippet gained an interest in the enterprise. Mr. Burns withdrew in 1848. Mr. Lippet abandoned the works, and for a short time operated the Cassel Window Glass Works as a bottle factory. Later, business was resumed at the old works by the Murdock Brothers. In 1849 Messrs. Kearns, Burns and John W. Carter built the first bottle works in Putnam, in which others had an interest at different times, and which were closed in 1877. In 1860 G. W. and Noah Kearns rented, and soon after they purchased, the flint glass house built in 1852 by Cassel & Galigher, at the foot of Main street. In 1863 they built a new establishment, which was operated later by Kearns, Herdman & Gorsuch. Mr. Burns died in 1864, and G. W. and Noah Kearns built their glass house on the southwest corner of Main and First streets, and manufactured window glass exclusively. In 1868 they were joined by Joseph T. Gorsuch and James Herdman, Ailliam T. Gray entered the firm in 1874. G. W. Kearns withdrew in 1877 and started the Seventh ward bottle house. About 1820 Isaac Dillon built a saw-mill at the mouth of the Licking, on the north side, and later a grist-mill, just above the bridge, near the old dam, which was leased to different operators until it was swept away by high water in 1830. In 1839 the saw-mill was rebuilt, and in 1840 partially burned. It was operated by John Deavers from 1842 to 1845, and later by Francis Cassidy and Robert Lee. Mr. Cassidy bought it, and in 1847 sold it to James Miller. It was washed away in 186o. Soon afterward Mr. Miller erected a steam mill on the west side of the Muskingum at the foot of McIntire avenue George and Richard Reeve converted their old blast furnace and nail factory into a flouring mill at the west end of the Main street bridge in 1825. George Reeve Jr. succeeded 246 - HISTORY OF MUSKINGUM COUNTY. Richard in 1830. The mill was sold under foreclosure in 1848, and was idle until 1851, when McConnell & Blandy bought it for $18,000. It was remodeled and increased in capacity to 400 barrels a day. In 1855 it was bought by William Galigher for $21,000. At his death, in 1860, Charles Galigher became manager. In 1864 the property was again involved financially, and for a time was operated by C. T. Aston in the interest of the mortgagees. Later the state board of public works seized the mill for arrears in water rent, and leased the premises for thirty years to Ball & Cassidy, who, sometime about twenty years ago, transferred their lease to Paul H. Kemerer. In 1828-29 Isaac Dillon built the Pataskala mill on the bank of the Licking. In 1835 he sold it to Moses Dillon. The latter sold it to Solomon and William Sturgis. Mr. Dillon also erected a saw mill, woolen mill and flaxseed oil mill. This woolen mill made the first figured woolen carpet made in, this part of the state. In 1855 it was sold to William Beaumont. In 1860 these mills were damaged by the giving way of the dam. The oil mill was moved down the Muskingum and located next to Pratt's mill. Mr. Beaumont repaired the dam and plant, and in 1868 a portion of the dam was again washed away, when the whole dam was replaced by a new one. In 1872 the mill was thoroughly repaired and improved. Mr. Beaumont died in 1873, and the business was continued for a time by his widow. Cushing, Martin & Pierce built the Cassel mill in 1828. William C. Cassel obtained a half-interest in it in 1843. About ten years later he became sole owner and built a brick addition to the mill. , In 1873 he left it by will to his wife, who, in 1875, leased it to Pickering, Grant & Co. In 1881 Messrs. Cassel again came in control and resumed business under the style of C. Cassel & Co. In 1830 Nash & Co. had a steam saw mill near the north end of Third street bridge. Later this mill was owned and operated by Hughes & Spurck until it was torn down. Jesse Dare and Alfred Printz built a two-story steam saw mill, a little north of Nash & Co.'s mill in 1832, which had its engine in its upper story and was running as late as 1838. Richard Fairlamb built ,a grist mill in r84o, using part of the timbers from the old Jackson mill and the large French buhr stones that were brought from Philadelphia for the Jackson mill in 1816. The next year he added a saw mill and a linseed oil mill. Michael Dulty bought the property in 1843, and in 185o sold it to Mr. Drone. Daniel Applegate built the city mill, a brick structure, running west from Potter alley to Third street. In 1878 the city Power House No. 1 was remodeled by Josiah Allen and converted into the Pearl mill. Cox & Wright began making paper in 1828, and for many years this was the leading industry of Zanesville. Simeon Wright sold out his interest and the firm became E. T. & J. L. Cox. In May, 1836, the mill was destroyed by fire. It was replaced by a brick structure, and the business was continued for twenty-one years by H. J. Cox & Co., who made an assignment to David Hull, and the property passed into the hands of George Rishtine & Co. After the invention of the telegraph, this firm for many years had the exclusive contract to manufacture the rolls of narrow white paper at first used on the Morse instruments. About 1860 the property was conveyed to Mrs. E. M., Cox, and under the firm name of Elizabeth M. Cox & Co., the business was managed by her husband. The firm became Cox & Gilbert a little later. In 1868, Messrs. Glessner, Gilbert & Terry became the owners of the mill, and not long afterward the firm became Glessner & Gilbert, and under their management the business flourished and increased. About 1865 Edward Mathews and George Rishtine formed the firm of Mathews & Co., and. began paper ,making in a building on the southwest corner of Zane and 'Underwood streets, which had been erected for a cotton factory that had failed, and which they remodeled and improved from time to time. The firm of Mathews & Co. dissolved in 1876 and was succeeded by E. Mathews, with Mr. Rishtine as manager. Coarse wrapping paper and tea paper were the first products. The manufacture of printing and manilla papers was introduced later. In 1840 Bernard Howson, John Hallam, George Wheaton and two other experienced potters, originally from Staffordshire, England, came to Zanesville and engaged in the manufacture of Rockingham ware. In 1846, John Howson, brother of Bernard, joined them. In 1852, John Howson and his son Bernard became sole owners. In 1863, John Howson died, and the junior member of the firm continued the business, the principal feature of which was the manufacture of ink bottles. In 1874, the establishment was leased by Fischer & Lansing, of New York, for the manufacture of floor tiling. This was the beginning of the American Encaustic Tile works. In 1849 George. Pyatt, from Staffordshire, England, came here and began making Rockingham and yellow stoneware. In 1851 the firm of Pyatt & Goetz was formed. Two years later, Mr. Pyatt left the town and the business ceased. HISTORY OF MUSKINGUM COUNTY - 247 He returned in 1863, however, and was in Mr. Howson's employ until 1866, when he resumed business for himself, with much success. He died in 1879, and the pottery, known as the Tremont pottery, was continued by his son, J. G. Pyatt. N. K. Smith began the manufacture of pottery in 1868; Duncan Hamelbock in 1874. Iri 1873, Alfred Wilber started a pottery, which he sold to Calvin Bumbaugh in 1878. This was known as the Star pottery. Abbot & Crain had a small rope-walk, about where the canal now runs between First and Second streets, in 1832. In 1833, Abraham Arter began rcpe-making at 61 Main street and continued business until 1876. In 1835, Shinnick & Howard began the manufacture of rope on the northwest corner of Main and Second streets. In 1838, Mr. Shinnick became sole proprietor, and removed the concern to Hoy and street, between Fifth and Sixth. In 1847, Hiram Rogers and Dr. A. H. Brown bought the old Wilson soap factory on the river bank between Fifth and Sixth streets. In 1848, the firm became Brown & Convers. From 1849 to 1853, Theodore Convers was sole owner. William Schultz bought the establishment in the year last mentioned, and the history of his operations and of the enterprise of his successors will be given later on. It was in 1863. that David Hahn began the manufacture of soap here. Doster & Darlinton opened a tanyard, in the spring of 1830, on the south side of the National road near its junction with the old Wheeling road and there operated till 1884 a tannery of 100 vats, the largest in Eastern Ohio. The business was closed out and the land was cut up. into lots and sold. Gilbert Blue began tanning on the Marietta road in 1830. His son Curran Blue continued this business and about 1847 opened a new yard on the river road below the city and there conducted a successful business until 1876. N. G. & Charles Abbott in 1844 erected a tannery with 24 vats, near the Muskingum river, just south of the old rope-walk. In 1849 the business was closed out. The old Taylor tavern at the southeast corner of Main and Fourth streets was torn down in 1842-43 and Dr. Hamm, its owner, contracted with E. H. Church (mason), James Ramage (carpenter), to replace it with a brick hotel building, which was finished in the year last mentioned. "Joe" Stacy kept the new hotel and for a time it was known as the Stacy House. Later it was known as the McIntire House, and the Mills House, and was finally replaced by the Clarendon hotel, which was built in 1877, the stone and brick work superintended by E. H. Church above mentioned. The St. Lawrence hotel formerly stood on the southwest corner of Main and Fourth streets, but has given place to other business. Other well known hotels of the past were the Sherman House and the Commercial House. Next to the Clarendon the Kirk House, on Fourth street, near Market, takes rank. It has an existence covering the period 1863-92 and is widely and favorably known and specially popular with traveling men. Other hotels are the Windsor and the Grand (lately re-christened the Mt. Clare) both on Market street and the Ohio house, on Fifth street. There are other lesser ones. William Schultz had a wagon shop from 1832 to 1849. The Brown Manufacturing Company was incorporated in 1873. Its first board of directors consisted of Peter Black, W. A. Graham, F. J. L. Blandy, Col. M. Churchill, James Herdman, Thomas Griffith and. William P. Brown. The works were burned in June, 1880, and at once rebuilt. Jeremiah Dare had an early woolen mill, on the site occupied by the woolen mill on Main street, near the bridge, which was described as "just below the Granger mill." J. R. Thomas leased it to him, and in 1822 Mr. Dare took his son Jesse in partnership with him. In 1838 another son, Thomas J. Pare, acquired a half and later a whole interest. This mill was burned in 1840, but Jeremiah Dare, rebuilt it and had it ready for operation early in 1841. Thomas J. Dare died in 1865, and the business was conducted by. Jeremiah Z., Thomas J., Jr., and Lewis Dare until the mill was closed, in December, 1878. The manufacturing history of Zanesville has now been brought down to the period 1870-80. The next important interest of the city entitled to consideration, is its trade and commerce, and the position of the place as a commercial center. The advantages the city has in this particular are not inferior in importance to the advantages it possesses as a manufacturing city. Its trade is at this time rapidly increasing. A large extent of territory, densely populated and rich in agricultural resources,through convenient lines of railway, is made tributary to the place. Other new sections, hitherto unknown to Zanesville merchants; will become their most profitable customers. The effect of this is becoming manifest. In the grand rivalry among the cities of the state for commercial power and wealth and securing an industrial population, the chances for Zanesville are daily brightening. The jobbing business of Zanesville will com- 248 - HISTORY OF MUSKINGUM COUNTY. pare favorably with that of any other city of like population in the entire country. The proprietors of the principal wholesale, houses are, for the most part, old citizens of the place, identified with its prosperity, conservative as business men, and on account of their prudence, good judgment and honorable dealing, have secured the confidence of merchants and traders generally throughout Southeastern Ohio. The capital employed in merchandising in Zanesville is large. The industry is varied. It is a growing one. Every day adds something to what was before established. What yesterday was combined with other branches of business becomes to-day a specialty. Each department of trade is conducted as a separate and distinct pursuit. That Zanesville possesses great advantages for becoming a commercial city must be manifest upon a little reflection. Consider, for a moment the position it commands in its geographical location, its transportation facilities, its large and wealthy territory to be supplied, its extensive population and its other manifest advantages. Having the manufacturing and agricultural facilities here to such an extent as has hitherto been shown, it follows that the trade and commerce of the place should exist in a like corresponding extent. The wants of a people. are mutual, they are complementary, and a manufacturing city is necessarily a commercial city. The following were the leading manufacturing and commercial interests in 1880: Artists, Photographers, Lauck, Rich, Sturgeon, Sedgwick, Starke. Awning-Maker, Gust. Mylius. Bakeries; Martha Barton, J. Blankenbuhler, Bloomer & Bell, Fred. Ehrman, Chas. Gizax, Anthony R Hiller, R. R. Johnston, Petit & Strait, Wm. ell, C. Stolzenbach. Bell and Brass Foundry, Chas. Dockray. Book-Binders, Elliot & Co., L. D. Sandel, Sullivan & Parsons, "Courier" office. Bracket Manufacturers, Herdman, Harris & Co. Brewers, C. F. Achauer, Sebastian Bohn, J. A. Benner & Co., Fisher Bros„. Merkle Bros. Brick Manufacturers, W. B. Harris & Bros„ Wm. Hunter, T. B. Townsend. Broom Handles and Brooms, Wm. M. Shinnick, Jr. Brush Manufacturer, John D. Seaman. Candle Manufacturers, David Hahn, Shultz & Co. Carriage Manufacturers, J. L, Christ, J. Doudna, F. W. Fortune, Sebastian Gebele, Hoffman Bros., John Holbrook, Mader Bros., Wilson C. Moore, Davis Palmer, Schubach & Co., J. Smith & Co. Coffin Manufacturers, J. Hatcher & Co. Coppersmiths, Wm. D. Ford, G. W. McCormick. Cotton Manufacturers, Hooven & Allison. Cultivator Manufacturers, Brown Manufacturing Co. File Manufacturers, H. & F. Blandy, Henry Roekel. Fire-Brick, Stultz & Guthrie. Flouring Mills, Josiah B. Allen, D. Applegate, "Cassel Mills" (Pickering, Grant & Co.), "West Side Mill" (Drone & Co.), "Pataskala Mills." Furniture Manufacturers, Fred Abel, Burrough & Co., Gary Brothers & Silvey, Thomas Miller, Geo. P. Mull, John T. Rarick, Ferdinand C. Vogel. Glass Manufacturers, Kearns, Herdman & Gorsuch. Glue Manufacturer, Herman Arndt. Iron Foundries, Duvall & Co., Griffith & Wedge, Ratliff & Cunningham, Wm. Roady. Last Manufacturers, J. Smith & Co. Marble Works, S. G. McBride, M. V. Mitchell, Mitchell & Stultz, W. C. Townsend. Mattress Manufacturer, Gust. Mylius. Mill Machinery, H. & F. Blandy, Duvall & Co. Mining Machinery, Griffith & Wedge. Paper Bag Manufacturers, Elliot & Co. Paper Box Manufacturers, Chas. J. Brenholts. Paper Mills, Glessner & Gilbert, Edward Mathews. Pattern Makers, W. H. Bailey, D. A. Harris. Planing Mills, Thomas Drake, Guthrie & Coulter, William Hall & Son, Herdman, Harris & Co. Plow Manufacturers, Brown Manufacturing Co., E. S. Huff & Son, Jones & Abbott, Shinnick, Woodside & Gibbons. Potteries, Calvin Bumbaugh, Duncan Hamelback, Hopkins. & Pickerel, Nathan K. Smith, Henry M. Wilbur. Saddle-Tree Manufacturer, F. W. Fortune: Saddle and Harness Manufacturers, George G., Akerly, Edward B. Haver, Samuel C. Haver, Jr., H. R. Hawxhurst, Thomas Lenon, Henry Mylius, P. O. Power, Thomas B. Sarchet, Sampson Waters. Sash, Doors, and Blinds Manufacturers, Samuel W. Clark, James P. Curtis & Co., Thomas Drake, Guthrie & Boulter, Milliam Hall & Son, Herdman, Harris & Co. Saw Manufacturers, H. & F. Blandy. Sawmill Builders, H. & F. Blandy, Duvall & Co., Griffith & Wedge. Scale Manufacturer, Alexander Widney. Soap Manufacturers, David Hahn, Schultz & Co. Steamboat Engines, Griffith & Wedge. Steam Engine Builders, H. & F. Blandy, Duvall & Co., Griffith &Wedge. Stove Manufacturers, Jones & Abbott, Shinnick, Woodside & Gibbons. Tanners, Greul, Bischoff & Bro., Taxidermist, Herman C. Krause. Tile Manufacturers, American Encaustic Tiling Co. Undertakers, etc. J. Hatcher & Co. Wagon Manufacturers, Brown Manufacturing Co., J. L. Christ, George W. Coon, J. Doudna, Sebastian Gebele, Peter Goelz, Hoffman Bros., Felix Lang, Joseph Long, John Maier, Wilson C. Moore, Joseph Schiele, Schubach & Co., Isaac C. Smith, J. Smith & Co., S. B. Smith & Co. Watches and Jewelry, John M. Bonnet, Edward Hube, Edward S. Leeper, Ralph S. Mershon,