50 - CENTENNIAL BIOGRAPHICAL HISTORY. ties abounded in the lake in great quantities, but are not so abundant there now. The water of the lake when viewed as a body is an ocean-green in tint of coloring, yet when dipped up seems pure and clear. The lake is circular in form and in its hill-frame setting is one of the most beautiful of the many attractive places in old Richland. The slope at the southeast is covered by a shady grove, from whose retreat one might imagine some highland maid might appear and "—with hasty oar Push her light shallop from the shore," to meet her Malcolm at the other side. But, alas! no Ellen comes in answer to the hunter's call. The lake is not only beautiful in sunshine but is interesting in storms, when the thunder's deep reverberations roll like billows over its waters. And when the gleaming rainbow sheds its luster upon the placid surface, no artist can sketch its beauty, while in the background of the picture may be read by faith the eternal promise that the earth shall not again be destroyed by water. Pleasure parties find "Uncle Jonas' " lake interesting by clay and still more attractive under the pale light of the stars. SPOOKS' HOLLOW. "An ancient minstrel sagely said, Where is the life which late we led?" After the war some of the Indians returned to Richland county ; but, Greentown having been destroyed, they had no fixed habitation here. Two young "braves" by the names of Seneca John and Quilipetoxe came to Mansfield and got on a spree, and at the Williams' tavern, at the site of the present Park Hotel, got into trouble with some of the settlers. The Indians left late in the afternoon, intoxicated and swearing vengeance against the whites. They were followed by five settlers, who overtook the redskins about a mile east of town and in the battle that ensued both Indians were killed and their bodies buried in the ravine east of the Sherman hill; and the place has since been called "Spooks' Hollow." It is not my purpose to say that the killing of these Indians was justifiable; but the settlers would have had to have been more than human not to retaliate at times for many wanton murders committed by the Indians. To err is CENTENNIAL BIOGRAPHICAL HISTORY - 53 human. To be influenced with the desire for revenge is natural. That the passions of the pioneers, stimulated by the cruelty and outrages the savages committed did not degenerate into a thirst for revenge, was a credit to their manhood. Many narratives of Indian treachery and cruelty could be given. The family of the settler, as they gathered around the evening fireside, could not feel that their house was their castle, for a murderous foe might then be in ambush to wreak wrath upon them in the still watches of the night. I have no desire to exaggerate : the truth is stranger than any coloring of fancy. Spook Hollow ! What of it? Of that locality strange tales have been told of apparitions seen by belated travelers, sometimes as though two Indians were lurking in the weird shadows; at other times a number of forms would appear as warriors plumed for battle, and "All silent there they stood, and still, Watching their chieftain's beck and will ;'' and then they would disappear as mysteriously as they came and "It seemed as if the mother earth Had swallowed up her warlike birth." While no one may believe these spook stories now, it is generally known that they were freely circulated in the past and may have been believed to some extent. It has even been stated that the road was changed and located farther south to avoid the hollow where apparitions were said to be seen. In speaking of the Indians I want to say en passant, that in the ante-war times we heard and read a great deal of the "irrepressible conflict" between slavery and freedom ; but anterior to that there was another conflict, also irrepressible in its nature, between the white man and the Indian ; and in that conflict there could be no compromise : the races were too unlike. An edict was issued from the court of progress that the Indian should disappear, should be removed to the west and then remanded to the past. And destiny is blind; it neither smiles at human happiness or weeps at human woe. Destiny, whether of nations, of races or of individuals, strides onward like a ferocious Titan, regardless as to who is trampled under its feet. It has been said that there is a science of historical physics—that the fundamental maxim in the dynomics of progress is that the greater force oversomes the less. The student of history has read how the Hellenes exterminated or absorbed the Pelasgians, that the Oenotrians were overwhelmed by the aggressive 52 - CENTENNIAL BIOGRAPHICAL HISTORY. colonists of Magna Graecia, and that the Gaulish and British Celts sank, as it were, into the earth under the pressure of the Roman and the Saxon. And in our own land the Indian was forced almost across the continent and the remnant of the race stands like a specter on the western horizon of civilization to-day. FACTS VERSUS FICTION. What of Lily Pipe! History mentions her not, and the name is not connected even with the traditions of that period. The first known of Lily Pipe was when the romance of "Philip Seymour" appeared in print in 1857. It is a romantic story, depicting pioneer life, and was entertainingly written by the gifted author, the Rev. James F. McGaw. A number of the pioneers then living did not take kindly to the interpolation of fictitious characters, as future generations might be unable to eliminate the fiction from the facts. But the work claims only to be "founded on facts," and was written as a historical novel. It is complimentary to the author's ability that he made the characters so real that people 'believe in the verity of their existence. Philip Zimmer (or Seymour) married a Miss Elizabeth Ballantine, of Pickaway county, at the close of the war, and she was never in this part of the state, and she was the only wife Philip ever had. Muniments on file attest this statement. McGaw needed a character with which to embellish his story, and that of Lily Pipe was his creation and served well its purpose. But Lily Pipe was a myth—a myth of composite parts created to represent certain characteristics and conditions. Braving the dread of being called an iconoclast, I make the further statement that Martin Ruffner's "bound boy" was not "Billy Bunting," but Levi Bargaheizer, and that McGaw changed not only the name but also gave the character "a lisping, stammering tongue," which the boy did not possess. Kate Zimmer was not engaged to be married, and "Henry Martin," like "Lily Pipe," was a myth. Old Captain Pipe never lived in Richland county, and was not a cave-dweller. His home was at Jeromeville from 1795 to 1812—the period between the -signing of the treaty of Greenville and the war of 1812. There was a young Captain Pipe, said to have been a son of the old captain. The younger Pipe lived at Greentown a year or two, then went to Pipestown, Wyandot county, then later to Kansas, where he died. Old Captain Pipe was last seen in these parts at the great feast of Green-town, in 1811, the meaning of which was never explained to the white settlers, CENTENNIAL BIOGRAPHICAL HISTORY - 53 but which is now understood to have portended the war of 1812, which soon followed. MISCELLANEOUS. The driveway from Mansfield to Shelby passes through a country of pastoral loveliness and of well-cultivated farms. The land is sufficiently level to give an extended rim to the horizon, and at the summer season of the year, when the morning rays of the sun kiss the dewdrops and make the broad acres glad, when the birds carol their praise and the leafy branches of the trees wave their welcome, the scene is one of enchantment, of beauty to the eye and pleasure to the heart. Along this route historic places can be pointed out to those who take an interest in the events of former years. At Spring Mills, Colonel Crawford and his army encamped for the night on June 4, 1782, when en route to the Wyandot country, to defeat and to death, for a few clays later the troops were defeated in a battle by their savage foe, and the gallant Crawford suffered death at the stake near Tymochtee creek, a few miles, from Upper Sandusky. Jackson township, through which the Mansfield-Shelby road passes in an oblique course after leaving Spring Mills, was not organized until after Richland county had been despoiled of part of her territory to help make new counties, and our original townships in the northern part of the county were re-mapped to suit new conditions. But some of the land which now forms a part of Jackson township was entered and settled as early as 1816. The first house in the township was built by Matthew and Joseph Curran in the southwest quarter of section 36, a short distance east of the Baltimore & Ohio crossing. At the same place occurred the first death and the first birth in the township. Matthew Curran entered the southwest and Joseph the southeast quarter of section 36. It is related that settlers from the vicinity of Mansfield assisted the Currans in building the cabin. The family had encamped in the woods near where they intended to build, and upon the day of the raising, while the women were cooking the dinner for the workmen, Curran's little boy, in attempting to walk the to against which the fire was built, tell into a large kettle of boiling coffee, scalding him to such an extent that he died the following clay. This was in the spring of 1816. Hunters and trappers may have previously sojourned in that locality, but the Currans were the first, permanent settlers. The first permanent settlers in the southern portion of .the township came via Mansfield and the state road, while those who settled the northern sections came along Beall's trail, a number of whom were from Connecticut, bringing 54 - CENTENNIAL BIOGRAPHICAL HISTORY. New England thrift and enterprise with them. Uriah Matson, the father of J. S. B. Matson, assisted Joseph Curran and others in cutting the Mansfield-Shelby road through the forest. In 1858 Uriah Matson was awarded an ax for having been the champion wood-chopper of the county, at which time he made the following statements : "I came to Richland county the 4th day of August, 1815, and from that time to October, 1822, I followed chopping exclusively, during which time I chopped the timber off about one hundred and ninety acres of land and did a large amount of other chopping, such as making rails, sawing timber for frames, getting bark for tanners, etc. Since 1822 I have chopped and cleared upward of eighty acres on the farm I now occupy. I think I have clone more chopping, assisted in raising more cabins and rolling more logs than any other man in the county. When I came here there were but four families living in Springfield township." Mr. Matson was of Scotch-Irish descent. He was born in 1793 and died in 1873. He resided in Jackson township many years. J. S. B. Matson is now living in Shelby and has a large collection of curios and relics. The Sheriff church north of the road brings to the mind one who worshiped there for many years,—the late hero veteran,--John F. Rice, who was the last survivor of Perry's victory—a victory that keeps heralding down from generation to generation in the triumphant words of that immortal dispatch, "We have met the enemy and they are ours." John F. Rice had served in the army before he entered the navy, and later was transferred back to the land force. He participated in that great battle on Lake Erie when "many a Britain took his last sleep." He saw Commodore Perry take off his coat and stuff it into the hole made by a British ball in his vessel, and looked on with tearful admiration as he rowed in an open boat, under the fire of the enemy, to the Niagara, where, taking personal command, he turned the tide of battle and won a victory that has immortalized the name of Perry. After the victory, Rice was transferred back to the land force under General William Henry Harrison, and assigned to Colonel Richard M. Johnson's regiment, fought in the battle of the Thames and saw Tecumseh fall. Twenty years ago the veteran Rice, at a ripe old age, was transferred to the "army triumphant." His funeral was attended by all the clergy of Shelby, the Light Guards, a band of music, a squad of artillery, ex-soldiers, the children of the public schools and a large concourse of citizens. Colonel Dempsey was in charge of the procession. A sermon was preached from Leviticus xix, 32 : "Thou shalt rise up before the hoary head and honor the face of the old man." "My Country, CENTENNIAL BIOGRAPHICAL HISTORY - 55 'Tis of Thee" was sung by a hundred school children. Interment in Oakland cemetery. During the clay flags, not only at Shelby but also at Sandusky, Cleveland and other places, were at half mast. Let the living honor their soldier dead. "Let the flags float out above them ; Let the music fill the air ; In the hearts of those who love them It shall echo like a prayer." "O, birds ! to other climes that wing, Repeat the story as ye sing That ye have found no brighter green, No softer shade, no rarer sheen, Than that which fair Columbia spread Above her honored patriot dead." "UNDERGROUND RAILROADS." One of the most noted stations of the "Underground Railroad" was at "Uncle" John Finney's, in Springfield township, four miles west of Mansfield, on the Walker's lake road, where the Mansfield and Cookton road crosses the road leading from Spring Mills to Lexington. The farm is now owned by George F. Carpenter, the well-known lawyer and capitalist. It was during the administration of Martin Van Buren that the doctrine of the abolition of slavery began to be propagated. At first there was a distinction drawn between those who were opposed to the extension of slavery and those who were in favor of its abolition ; but as revolutions seldom go backward the latter in time absorbed the former. "Uncle" John Finney was a man of strong convictions and as bitter as Cato was in ancient Utica, when he denounced the fugitive slave law under the operation of which runaway slaves were returned to bondage. Finney did not want to simply drift with the tide,—he was too assertive and strong willed for that,—he wanted to take an active part in forming public opinion and shaping public events. The fugitive slave law not only required people to assist in returning slaves to their masters, but made it a penal offense to refuse to do so, which rendered it so repugnant to the people of the north that they prided themselves more upon its breach than upon its observance. Politics in those days was largely a matter of sentiment, and that sentiment was an anti-slavery one,—the liberty of the slaves. Politics to-day are 56 - CENTENNIAL BIOGRAPHICAL HISTORY. a matter of commodity, a question of finance or of the tariff, with a picturesque tinge of "imperialism" at the present; During the many years that "Uncle" John Finney assisted fugitive slaves on their way to Canada and to freedom, several thousands were entertained at his home over night or for several days and were then taken by him to Savannah or Oberlin, from which points they were assisted on to freedom. At one time the late Benjamin. Gass brought five colored men with five or six women and children to Mr. Finney's. The latter he secreted in the loft and the men he put in a granary at the barn. Their pursuers arrived the next morning and demanded a search of the premises, which was denied without warrant. A detachment was sent to Mansfield for the necessary papers of search and seizure, and the remainder of the party were invited into Finney's home, where "Uncle" John exerted his great fascinating manners to entertain them. Breakfast was announced and "Uncle" John, being a Presbyterian, and a U. P. at that, proceeded to have 'family worship. As a matter of courtesy his guests kneeled with him. The back of the chair at Which Mr. Finney knelt was to the window looking toward the barn. A member of the family had given the negroes the tip to leave. "Uncle" John literally obeyed the command to "watch and pray." He prayed long and earnestly and watched anxiously and did not say "amen" until he saw the last fugitive leave the barn. He then requested his guests to join him in singing the 119th psalm, which was sung to slow music. Breakfast was then served and as much time as possible consumed in the different homely courses. After the close of the meal the party returned from Mansfield with the warrants, but it was discovered the fugitives had fled. As the house was not suspected, it was not searched, and the women and children in the garret were not molested. Numerous incidents might be given of attempts to retake fugitives, but in the majority of cases the pursuers were outwitted by "Uncle" John, and the slaves escaped. The condition of affairs which then existed creating this "underground" mode of traffic is known to the younger generation of to-day only as a matter of history. John Underwood remembers it was no uncommon sight to see darkies around Finney's house or at work in his fields. Jacob Laird, the surveyor, saw Mr. Finney coming to town one winter morning with a "load of wheat" in the sled, but a sudden lurch at a gutter on West Fourth street revealed the true nature of the load,—a number of negroes covered in the sled, instead of bags of wheat. There were readjusted and taken on to Savannah, the next station on the "Underground" road. Vic Dickson, the merchant, remembers of having seen, when he was a boy, fugi- CENTENNIAL BIOGRAPHICAL HISTORY - 57 tives passing from Joseph Roe's to John Finney's. John Finney's first wife was a Marshall, an aunt of John Marshall, of Bowman street, this city. James Finney owned the farm south of his brother John's and facing on the Leesville road, where his daughters, Miss Jennie and Miss Lizzie, yet reside. Among Mr. Finney's old-time neighbors were John Neal, James Marshall, John Ferguson, Mr. Maybee and John Bishop, some of whom preceded and others have followed Mr. Finney where under-ground railroads are unnecessary and unknown. RICHLAND COUNTY IN THE CIVIL WAR. The story of the Civil war, when read a hundred years hence, may not be credited in its awful magnitude. That sectional strife had become so bitter that certain states attempted to disrupt the American Union, will scarcely be believed by future generations. In 186o we heard the mutterings of the tempest of political hate, but did not then realize that the storm of its fury would so soon burst upon us with such terrible destruction. When South Carolina demurred against the general government occupying Fort Sumter, we stood dazed at such state-rights presumption ; but when she protested against supplies being delivered to the beleaguered garrison and fired upon the Star of the West when on its mission of mercy, we then realized that we were at the beginning of a rebellion that would be bloody and terrible. When the rebels fired on Fort Sumter the north became fully aroused and patriotically determined to fight for the old flag and for the preservation of the Union of the states. President Lincoln issued his proclamation for seventy-five thousand troops, of which Ohio's quota was ten thousand, one hundred and fifty-three, and within a few days more than thirty regiments were offered and twelve thousand, three hundred and fifty-seven men were accepted. Richland county responded promptly to this call, and within five (lays six companies tendered their services to the governor ! General McLaughlin, a veteran of the Mexican war, manly and erect in his bearing, although then nearly seventy years of age, raised the first Richland county company. He was the personification of a soldier and died in the service. Judge M. R. Dickey, then a comparatively young lawyer, now one of the leading members of the Cleveland bar, raised a company for the Fifteenth Ohio. John W. Beekman was the captain of a Plymouth company. He also was a lawyer, a large man of fine physique and appearance. Colonel George Weaver, of Lucas, who was a captain in the 58 - CENTENNIAL BIOGRAPHICAL HISTORY. Mexican war and had served a term as sheriff of our county, raised a company at Ganges and Lucas. Captain A. C. Cummins, then a young lawyer associated wtih Judge T. W. Bartley. raised a company at Shelby for the Fifteenth Regiment. and iris company was one of the first at Camp Jackson. Captain Moody, a college graduate, a man of scholarly attainments, of polished manners and of Faultless dress, raised a company at Bellville. He died of wounds received at Antietam, after suffering five amputations. The G. A. R. post at Bellvile is named in his honor. Limit will not permit details, or even naming other companies organized .titer and for longer terms of service, except to state that Richland county through the whole conflict did her duty nobly, furnishing two thousand, seven hundred and twenty-nine men for the war. Many Richland county boys who ;hen went forth to war never returned. Some were killed on southern battlefields, and were buried where they fell; some died in hospitals, others in rebel prisons. The bodies of a few were brought home and interred in our local cemeteries, and their graves are annually decorated in the May time. It would be an honor to write the name of each private soldier in the Union army in the great war of the Rebellion, but they need no encomium, 'or their patriotic deeds speak more forcibly than words—than any words his poor hand could trace. When we read of their services we recall the Battles of Antietam, of Gettysburg, of the Wilderness, of Shiloh, of Stone river, of Vicksburg, of Hooker's fight above the clouds and of Sherman's march from Atlanta to the sea,—history written in blood and emblazoned in glory. If roses are the tear-drops of Angels, as the Arab belief so beautifully sets forth, then a soldier's grave needs not the sculptured stone, the fretted column, the ivy, the obelisk ; for the fragrance of the rose is perennial and its beauty is everlasting—fit emblems to commemorate deeds of valor. What a sublime spectacle was presented at the close of the Civil war when that grand army of citizen-soldiery laid down their arms and left the avocation of war to return to their homes. and to the vocations of peace! But even the youngest soldiers of that army are now crossing the "divide" and will soon begin the descent where the shadows lengthen. They are on their ast march. "They are marching down the valley, At the great Commander's call, Though the way is rough and weary And the mystic shadows fall ; CENTENNIAL BIOGRAPHICAL HISTORY - 59 But the hearts that beat so bravely In the battle's fierce affray, Do not falter at the summons Nor the dangers of the way. "They are marching down the valley ; Hark ! the sound of tramping feet ! They go on through summer's sunshine, They go on thro' winter's sleet ; Banners wave and arms a-glitter, And the music's throbbing breath Echoes in the solemn valley That we name the vale of death. "They are marching down the valley, And we follow gladly on, For the music, sweet and eiry, Tells the way that they have gone; And we'll find them camped in meadows Where the waters stilly flow, Where the sward of soft and verdant And the flowers of heaven grow." MURDER MYSTERIES. Among, the unsolved criminal mysteries of Richland county, that of the murder of Mrs. Mary Lunsford was the most appalling; for the victim was a woman and mutilation was added to murder. On the fateful night of March 12, 187o, Olive street, Mansfield, Ohio, was the scene of one of those horribly bloody deeds' that stain pages in the criminal calendar pf the county. The city was startled by the report that a murder had been committed, and when people beheld the scene and saw the evidences of the struggle that had ensued in the poor woman's tragic efforts to save her life, many turned away sickened by the awful, bloody spectacle. Mrs. Lunsford, the murdered woman, was a seamstress, was young and good looking, and while upon her life there rested the blot of the social sin she was popular among her few acquaintances, and it was not known that she had an enemy—surely not one of sufficient deadly hate to take her life; and as it was apparent that robbery had not even been attempted, the authorities were at a loss for a theory to account for and ascertain the actuating motive that led to the commission of the murder. Ms. Lunsford had been a resident of Mansfield less than a year, having come from Cincinnati at the instance of Ansel L. Robinson, then superintend- 60 - CENTENNIAL BIOGRAPHICAL HISTORY. ent of Blymyer, Day & Company's works. About a month before the murder, Mrs. Lunsford became engaged to a Mr. Ebersole, and the wedding was to take place the next week. Robinson, it was said, was opposed to her marriage. At the time of the murder, Ebersole was taking care o,f a sick man at Shelby. -Upon searching the murdered woman's trunk, letters were found from Robinson which betrayed the relations that had existed between them and led to his arrest. A long imprisonment" followed, but at the final trial—one of the most memorable in the criminal history of the county—he was acquitted. Soon after his acquittal Robinson removed to the northwest, accompanied by his wife and children, who had faithfully stood by him through all his troubles. Early Sunday morning, September IS, 1881, the community was thrown into a high, state of excitement by a report that a dead body had been found in Sherman's woods—now a part of Sherman-Heineman park—a few rods south of Park avenue west. The marshal, coroner and a large number of citizens were soon on the ground and the body was recognized as that of Charles Leonard, a brother of W. L. Leonard. Charles had been employed as a clerk in Finfrock's drug store and had mysteriously disappeared on the evening of the 9th. He had left the store between S and 9 o'clock and had been seen a little later on Third street going west. When found the body was lying in the edge of the woods with the head against a tree. In his pockets were found the store key and some change. Upon examination of the body it was found that he had been stabbed in the back, and it was evident that the deed had not occurred where the body was found. Charley was a young mail of the most exemplary character and was universally popular, and the motive for his .death and by whom the deed was committed remain in the list of the unsolved criminal mysteries of the county, although tile offer of one thousand dollars reward for the apprehension and conviction of his murderer is still open and held good by W. L. Leonard. The cowardly and premeditated assassination of John Fox occurred Thursday evening, March 8, 1883, about two miles south of Bellville, on the road leading east from Honey Creek schoolhouse. John Fox was about forty years old, was a prosperous farmer and lived within a half mile of the place where he was killed. John and Daniel. Fox were brothers. On the morning of the day of the fatal tragedy they had come to Mansfield together in a two-horse wagon, and at the City Mills exchanged wheat for flour and bran. They left Mansfield about 5 o'clock for their home, fourteen miles distant, and at about 8:30 CENTENNIAL BIOGRAPHICAL HISTORY - 61 o'clock, when in a slight hollow a half mile east of the Honey Creek schoolhouse, an assassin fired two shots, killing John instantly. Dan claimed that lie jumped from the wagon when John was attacked and that as he essayed to run he was shot in the leg. The post-mortem examination of John's body showed, from the course the bullet had taken, that it was evident the assassin either stood on the back end of the wagon or in it, the shots having been fired from the rear, and, as the hair on the back of John's head was singed, the latter seemed the more plausible theory. John was sitting in front driving the team when attacked. Dan reached the house of a neighbor by going across fields, where he gave the alarm and was given attention, as he was suffering from loss of blood. A searching party found the wagon standing at the cross-roads, distant about midway between the scene of the tragedy and the Fox residence. The horses, having become frightened at the shooting, ran that distance, when the pin of the doubletree jumped out and the team became detached from the wagon and ran to the barn. John was found lying where he had fallen, with his face upward and his head in a pool of blood. The people for miles around were aroused over this cowardly murder but no evidence was ever obtained sufficient to justify an arrest. Dan Fox is now dead. On Sunday, September 20, 1885, Clara Hough was murdered at the western outskirts of the city in a ravine a short distance south of the Baltimore & Ohio Railroad. Her body was not discovered for several days. She had been a domestic in the family of J. W. Dougal, of West Fourth street. The theory that she was murdered by a tramp was generally accepted. Recent developments, however, may throw some light upon the 'mystery of this in the near future. Samuel Chew was assaulted and 'robbed on the night of August 25, 1887, and died without regaining consciousness. He and his wife were alone at the time, and she claimed the .deed was committed by masked men ; but there was not sufficient evidence to fasten the guilt upon any one. Mrs. Chew died within the past year. She was Mr. Chew's second wife. Samuel Chew lived at the top of Mohawk Hill, on the road leading from Lucas to Perryville, on the farm now owned by the Rev. Mr. Grau. Samuel Chew was well advanced in years, was an exemplary man, and his tragic death cast a gloom over the whole community. It is now generally conceded that this mystery will never be revealed upon earth. Frederick Boebel was killed and robbed while coming on a freight train from Crestline to Mansfield on the night of April 28, 1895, and his murder- 62 - CENTENNIAL BIOGRAPHICAL HISTORY ers, supposed to have been tramps, were never apprehended. Boebel was a contractor and lived in Mansfield. William Kern left Mansfield July 30, 1895, on a 11:15 a. m. train for Perrysville to buy stock. He walked from Perrysville back to Lucas, arriving at the latter place between 4 and 5 o'clock in the afternoon. Upon learning that he would have to wait about three hours for a train to Mansfield, he concluded to walk home, and was last seen alive at Chew's Crossing at about :30 o'clock. His dead body was found the next morning by a freight crew going east, It was evident there had been foul play, as his pockets had been rifled of over one hundred dollars which he was known to have had with him at the time. Mr. Kern was a highly respected citizen of Mansfield and one of our most prosperous business men. J. Albert Hine Was assaulted and shot the evening of November 22, 1897, while going from his grocery on Sturges avenue to his home on Ritter street, and he died from the effect of the wounds then inflicted September 11, 1898. Although Mr. Hine saw his assailant, he did not recognize him, and the assassin and the motive for the assassination remain among the unsolved criminal mysteries of the county. Other crimes might be mentioned, the perpetrators of which have also gone unpunished by the law. But the murderers cannot escape punishment for their crimes, for if it is not meted out to them here it will be in the life to come, for "Vengeance is mine and I will repay, saith the Lord." The evening gloaming may come softly, ladened with the perfume of the flowers; but the murderer imagines something unnatural in the calmness and something uncanny in the scent of the perfumed air, for he thinks an avenging Nemesis is ever following him, and he sees wierd figures in the shadows as the twilight creeps under the blue. arch that was so beautiful at the sunset. And if the stars, which at first shone with their usual brilliancy, become obscured in vaporing mists, making moving shapes of inanimate objects, causing flitting shadows to fade away as swiftly as they took form, they all combine to carry terror to the souls of murderers—to those who violate the commandment written upon tablets of stone at Mount Sinai, "Thou shalt do no murder," for "although joined hand in hand" the wicked cannot escape the vengeance of the Almighty. TOWNS AND VILLAGES. Shelby is the second town in size in Richland county, and has nearly six thousand inhabitants. The place was first settled in 1818, and was called Gamble's Mills. Henry Whitney, Stephen Marvin and Eli Wilson were among CENTENNIAL BIOGRAPHICAL HISTORY - 63 the first settlers, coming to Ohio from Norwalk, Connecticut. John Gamble came from New York state, and erected the first mill in Sharon township. The mill was situate on what is now the southeast corner of Main and Gamble streets. It was a log building and the mill was run by horse power. Those who brought grists would hitch their horses or oxen to the sweep, grind their grist, and then bolt it by hand. Sharon was organized in 1819, at which time there were but fourteen voters in the township. A postoffice was established in 1828, called Gamble's Mills, with John Gamble as postmaster. The town was platted in June, 1834, and the name changed to Shelby, in honor of Governor Shelby, of Kentucky. Shelby grew and prospered in its way, and in time manufacturing plants were established there whose pay-rolls equal those of any other town of its size in Ohio. The town has miles of asphalted streets and the township has well piked roads. Butler is a thriving village in Worthington township, nineteen miles south of Mansfield, on the Baltimore & Ohio Railroad. The town was originlaly called Independence, but was changed to Butler some years ago, to agree with the name of the postoffice, named after General William 0. Butler, of Kentucky, who was a hero of the Mexican war and the candidate for vice-president on the ticket with General Lewis Cass, in 1848. The postoffice was established before the town was laid out, and was kept at the residence of 'Squire T. B. Andrews, the first postmaster. The extension of the Mansfield & Sandusky City Railroad to Newark caused Independence to be laid out, January 12, 1848, on its line, and, as the business men of Bellville were jealous of having a rival town spring up within the limits of their trade, T. B. Andrews suggested that the new town be called Independence, in defiance of the attitude of Bellville. The town was, therefore, christened according to Squire Andrews' suggestion, and was called Independence over forty years ere it was changed to Butler. Worthington township was named for Thomas Worthington, who was the governor of Ohio in 1814-16. The surface is broken and hilly, especially along the Clear Fork, where in many places the scenery is picturesque and beautiful. Two tributaries enter the Clear Fork near Butler, Andrews Run from the southwest and Gold Run from the southeast. Butler is situate at the great bend of the Baltimore & Ohio road, where a number of railroad accidents have occurred, the most notable of which was the terrible collision in September, 1872, during the first state fair at Mansfield. Olivesburg sits in the beauty of quiet surroundings on the left bank of the Whetstone, in Weller township. From the west a good view of the village 64 - CENTENNIAL BIOGRAPHICAL HISTORY. and its environs is obtained from the Shenandoah road,—a view that is varied in its loveliness, —a landscape picture of an expanse of fields, with fringe of woodland, which, in the glory of a cloudless summer sunset, would give inspiration to artist and poet. And, at eventide, after the sun has set and the moon, cold and calm, rises, throwing pale light and dark shadows here and there, and the Whetstone shining like molten silver between its dark banks, the scene is still more enchanting. Olivesburg was laid out in 1816 by Benjamin Montgomery and was named in honor of his daughter Olive. The first schoolhouse in Olivesburg was built in 1824. It was a hewed-log building, twenty feet square, and had glass windows, glass panes having superseded the greased paper of an earlier period. Joseph Ward taught the first school in this building and took his pay one-third in corn, one-third in maple sugar and the remainder in money. Olivesburg is on the celebrated Beall trail, and after Beall's troops returned east and were discharged many of them returned to Richland county and made it their home, having been attracted here by the beauty of the country and the richness of the soil, and the pure, cool water that flows so copiously from Richland's numerous springs. Winchester was once a promising little village in Worthington township, this county, but its site is now cultivated fields. The county records show that it was platted March 31, 1845, but otherwise it exists only in memory. Winchester was situate on the left bank of the Clear Fork of the Mohican, half way between Butler and Newville. There were several reasons why Winchester was founded, the principal one, perhaps, being on account of the large gristmill at that point. Another reason was that Newville was the only town in Worthington township then, being near to the north line, making it inconvenient as a township seat, as some men had to go nearly six miles to vote at elections. The town of Winchester was only a half mile from the township center. The mills, then known as Calhoon's, consisted of a gristmill, sawmill and a carding-mill, around which several dwellings clustered, but the land in that immediate vicinity was too rough and uneven for a town site; therefore the plat was made upon a more eligible location on the opposite side of the river, where a half dozen or more houses were subsequently built, and the business of the place, in addition to the mills, was soon increased to include a store of general merchandise, a smith shop, cooper shop, shoe shop and a weaver's shop, and the village bid fair for the future. But soon that great revolutionizer of affairs and annihilator of time and distance, the railroad, came hard by and upset the old-time calculations of the founders of the town. The Sandusky, Mansfield & Newark Railroad CENTENNIAL BIOGRAPHICAL HISTORY - 65 went within two miles of Winchester and that sealed the fate of the village and caused a new town to be laid out January 12, 1848, and called Independence. Lexington has always been noted for the culture and social standing of its people. The village is beautifully situated upon an elevation of gentle slope and the Clear Fork of the Mohican laves its eastern boundary. The town was named for historic Lexington, where the first battle for political freedom on the American continent was fought April 19, 1775—a battle that put an end to the long dispute between the colonies and Great Britain and inaugurated the war of the Revolution. Lexington was laid out in 1812, on land owned by Amariah Watson, who built the first house—a log cabin—in the place in the spring of 1812, soon after the town was platted. The second house was built by Jacob Cook. The first cabins had port-holes for purposes of defense against the Indians. Grist and sawmills were erected on the Clear Fork at Lexington within the year and contributed to the development of the prosperity of the new town. A tannery was built and stores of general merchandise opened, and Lexington soon had several hundred inhabitants. Tempus fugit, and years went by, and in 185o the "iron horse" came puffing along the valley. A railroad may make or unmake a town, but it did neither in this case : it simply let the village remain as it found it, which status it still maintains. It is difficult to write of Lexington,—a town with such a conservative history ; of a well-balanced people, free from eccentricities and vagaries, such as make a town notorious. No people ever treaded the paths of peace with more willing feet, and the law of love has been the rule of their action and the light by which they have interpreted events. Envy knocks in vain at the door of their hearts. The people are not jealous of their neighboring towns, but peace and good will have a perfect habitation in the village's unruffled breast. When Lexington was founded this was the western border. Since then civilization has marched westward with rapid strides, across the Mississippi, over the Rocky mountains and out to the isles of the Pacific, and will soon meet a similar column advancing from the west and ere long will engirdle the earth. Then the "border" will be obliterated and previous conditions changed. Civilization is peregrinatic and capricious, and coming centuries may verify the prediction of Macaulay that New Zealanders shall sit upon the ruins of Westminster Abbey and gaze upon the crumbling ashes of forgotten London. It is claimed that there was an advanced civilization in China before Babylon was founded, and before Jerusalem existed even in prophecy. Yet we now speak of the inhabitants of the Celestial Empire as 66 - CENTENNIAL BIOGRAPHICAL HISTORY. "heathen Chinese" and call them "barbarians." What the future of American civilization may be time alone can disclose. HELLTOWN AND GREENTOWN. "All along the winding river And adown the shady glen, On the hill and in the valley, Are the graves of dusky men." To understand the founding of Greentown we must look at its predecessor, Helltown. Helltown was an Indian village and was located on the right bank of the Clear Fork, one mile and a half below Newville. Mounds are still discernible upon a knoll where it is said Indians are buried. Below where the little village stood was a native plum orchard. The name, "Helltown," means the village of the clear stream. How long the town existed is not known, but in its day it was the home of Thomas Lyon, Thomas Armstrong and other leading Indians of the Delaware tribe. The site of Helltown was well chosen ; the ground sloped to the east, and the river laved the base of the plat upon which the town was built. From the hank a spring bubbled forth a stream of cool water which rippled down to the creek below. "Here the laughing Indian maiden, Has her glowing lips immersed, And the haughty forest hunter Often here has quenched his thirst." More than a century has passed Since the Indians, to whom she hunt and the chase were so alluring, roamed among the hills and over the valley of of the Clear Fork and still "The cool spring is ever flowing, Through the change of every year, Just as when the Indian maiden Quaffed its waters pure and clear." In 1802 Helltown was abandoned, the inhabitants fleeing in alarm when they heard of the massacre of the Moravian Indians at Gnadenhutten, some going to the Upper Sandusky country; and others, joining a party of whites renegades, of whom a Thomas Green was the leader, founded the village of Greentown on the Black Fork. The Indians killed at Gnadenhutten were of CENTENNIAL BIOGRAPHICAL HISTORY - 67 the Delaware tribe and kinsmen of the Helltown squad. The former had been converted to Christianity, the work of the Moravian missionaries, and as such were opposed to war and were, therefore, looked upon with suspicion by both parties to the conflict. Heckwelder's Moravian missionaries made a number of converts at Greentown, whom they baptized into the Christian faith and church, but the little leaven was not sufficient to leaven the whole lot, and the greater part of the Indians there remained savages. The Rev. Heckwelder had himself preached to the Indians both at Greentown and Mohican Johnstown ; and when James Copus, who had settled further up the valley, held religious services there, he found the Indians not unaccustomed to Christian forms of worship. At the time of the advent of the white settlers .here, the village of Greentown contained from one hundred and fifty to two hundred Indian families, who lived in pole cabins, and in the center of the town was a council house built of logs. There were Mingoes there as well as Delawares, and some writers have confounded Greentown with the "Mingo Cabbins" spoken of by Major Rogers. Dr. Hill thought the cabins referred to were on the Jerome Fork, near to the place where the Mingo village of Mohican "Johnstown" was afterward located. Two branches of the Delaware tribe—the Wolf and the Turtle—were represented at Greentown. By the year 1810 a number of families had been added to the Black Fork settlement, among whom were Andrew Craig, James Cunningham, Henry McCart, Samuel Lewis, Frederick Zimmer and others. A remnant of the Mohican tribe of Indians from Connecticut settled at an early clay on the western branch of the Muskingum river ; and, as nearly all our streams have Indian names, Mohican was derived from Mohegan and of that river we have the various "Forks." POTATO REGION. Knox's schoolhouse, midway between Lexington and Bellville, is in the center of a valley of the north branch of the Clear Fork of the Mohican. This valley is noted not only for its great fertility, but also for the characteristics of its soil, which is peculiarly and desirably adapted to the cultivation of the Irish potato. The composition of soil affects all vegetable products. There is a tract of country around Berea where the onion is grown with productiveness and 68 - CENTENNIAL BIOGRAPHICAL HISTORY. characteristics that no other part of the country can give or impart. The muck land east of Orrville produces celery of a tenderness and flavor that excels the product of the noted Kalamazoo district ; and this Lexington-Bellville valley grows potatoes so mealy and fine-flavored that they sell at the highest price in the market. It is not the purpose of this sketch to give an analytical or analogical disquisition or attempt to explain the whys and wherefores of this relative relation between the soil and its products, but to simply state the facts. This potato tract is situate in the southwest part of Washington township, and the clip of the surface of the country along the eastern border of the valley is to the southwest, forming a pleasing background to the beautiful pastoral picture presented to the eye from the south bank of the Clear Fork. It is five miles in length and averages nearly a mile in width, and lies principally on the north side of the stream, beginning at Kyner's and ending at Fry's. About two hundred acres in this strip are annually planted in potatoes, and the yield is from one hundred and fifty to three hundred bushels per acre. The average output during the past ten years has been about five thousand bushels annually of the best potatoes in the world. The Touby Run valley, to the northeast, cuts through a range of hills and is attractive in its modest beauty. What a grand thing it is to be a farmer ! The farmer was the first producer and he is likely to be the last. Before there were towns and cities, before there were factories and work-shops, before there were doctors ansi and lawyers, the farmer was a producer—was earning his own living—and was enjoying the products of the land. If all the cities of the world, all the ships of the sea, all the arteries of commerce, all the channels of trade, and all the manufactories and industries of the country were to perish from the earth, the farmer would be able to maintain himself by means of the products of his toil, the cities and towns would be rebuilt, the channels of trade would be restored and in time the former industries would be revived and recreated. The government complimentarily recognizes the tiller of the soil, for it educates for their calling but two classes—farmers, to feed and clothe the people and enrich the nation, and soldiers and sailors to defend its honor. RICHLAND COUNTY'S PLACE IN GALAXY OF OHIO POETS. Richland county can point with pride. to her quota in the galaxy of Ohio poets. "The poet is born, not made,'' and "the poet alone sees nature" were favorite sayings among the ancients. From his very infancy the beauties CENTENNIAL BIOGRAPHICAL HISTORY - 69 and melodies of the earth impress themselves divinely on the soul of the true poet. To him the heavens and the earth seem full of spirituality and beauty and melody, and his instinct indulges in musings, reveries and day-dreams, and afterward, when his thoughts are put into verse, they come forth with poetic aroma or crystallize in imperishable luster. It is the province of poetry to present higher and more divine and spiritual ideals of life, and in this aim we claim- for our local poets the highest meed of praise and honor. It has been said that our state is not rich in poetry. No new country is ; and Ohio is new, compared with old New England. The early settlers here had a forest country to clear and wars to fight—events which furnish materials for romance and poetry only after the mellowing influences of time have long hung over their history. The pioneers may have had songs, descriptive of incidents and adventures of backwoods life, but they were not preserved even in traditions. The first poem printed in Ohio, so far as is known, was an historical sketch written by Return Jonathan Meigs and read at a Fourth of July celebration at Marietta in 1787. In 1860 there were about forty recognized poets in Ohio, the majority of whom were to the "manor born." They might be divided into two classes —those who followed literature or newspaper work as a profession and those who, although engaged in other vocations, in their leisure hours occasionally wooed the muse. Although some of the productions of the latter class may exhibit in a greater degree the feeling than the art of poetry, yet this class has written many poems that are likely to preserve the names of the authors for generations to come. The poems of the poets of Ohio may not equal in pretending styles the poetry of the east, but in noble aspirations, in expressive appreciation of natural beauty, in revealing and cultivating domestic affections and in breathing a spirit of morality and religion, the writings of our Ohio authors compare favorably with those of any other country in the world. Poetry, in its highest perfection, is thought, feeling, imagery and music expressed in the most appropriate language. Poetry is the greatest of the fine arts and is closely allied to the rest of them. The prominent elements of poetry are love, beauty and religion. In some poems thought predominates, as in .Pope's "Essay on Man ;" in some, feeling, as in Wolfe's "Burial of Sir John Moore ;" in some, imagery, as in Moore's "Lalla Rookh ;" in some, music, as in songs, and in some poetry are happily combined all of these elements. It would be a pleasure to write of dozens of Ohio poets did the limit 70 - CENTENNIAL BIOGRAPHICAL HISTORY. admit of such mention. To come to our own county, the first to receive attention chronologically is Andrew Coffinberry, commonly called "Count." Coffinberry was a lawyer, but sometimes courted the muse. Among his poetical productions was an epic poem called "Forest Rangers," that struck the popular current at that time. Salathial Coffinberry was also a Mansfield poet and tale writer. He was afterward governor of Michigan. The Rev. James B. Walker, for many years pastor of the Congregational church, of this city, was a poet and writer of wide reputation. His "Angel Whispers" and other poems give him a high place among the poets of America. John Quincy Goss was a Bellville lawyer in the 'cos, and his poems were published in the local papers and in eastern periodicals. The writer was acquainted with the late Rosella Rice from his early boyhood until her death. Her father and his father were friends and neighbors in the pioneer times. Rosella was born in Green township, then a part of Richland county, and passed her life at the old homestead of the family, near Perrysville. Miss Rice's writings, both in prose and poetry, first appeared in the Mansfield papers in the '405. They attracted so much attention and were so well received by the public that she soon received remunerative offers from eastern publishers. She was for many years a regular contributor to Arthur's Home Magazine and other publications. Rosella Rice was a born poet, a child of nature, and loved to roam over the hills and among the forest trees of her native heath and listen to the revels of the winds and commune with the spirits of the wildwood. In her later years she wrote more prose than poetry, and in either line her writings were marked with her own charming and peculiar individual characteristics. Mrs. Nancy Coulter Eddy, of Perrysville, formerly lived in Washington township, this county. Her contributions to the county papers were quite popular, especially her political songs in the campaign of 1856. And last, but not least, is Mrs. Ida Eckert Lawrence, of Toledo, a Richland county girl, called the Ohio poet, who is winning laurels in the literary world by her poems as well as her prose productions. Mrs. Lawrence writes : "I love old Richland. It always seemed the grass was greener, the skies bluer and tile birds sang sweeter about the old home than anywhere I have been." Verily, Richland county is blessed in her sons and daughters who have won distinction in literary as well as in other pursuits. CENTENNIAL BIOGRAPHICAL HISTORY - 71 THE MANSFIELD LYCEUM. This institution was organized September 6, 1871, and the officers elected for the first year were as follows : President, Colonel B. Burns ; vice-presidents, Hon. Henry C. Hedges, Hon. M. D. Harter and Professor H. M. Parker; recording secretary, Charles Elliott ; corresponding secretary, J. M. Hillyar; treasurer, a W. Smith, and librarian, W. S. Bradford. At this first meeting the directors were instructed to incorporate the Lyceum under the laws of Ohio, which was duly accomplished, and the proceedings were filed with the recorder of the county, December 29, 1871, and recorded in vol. I, p. 136, of record for the incorporation of societies of this kind. General Brinkerhoff was one of the promoters of the Mansfield Lyceum, and in this work he was ably seconded by the late Colonel James E. Wharton, a retired editor, who had the leisure and inclination to foster an enterprise of this kind. In his prime, Colonel Wharton had been the editor and proprietor of the Wheeling Intelligencer, and as the personal friend and champion of Henry Clay he had been a man of prominence in the old Whig party. He was, in fact, a man of more than ordinary ability, and giving, as he did, almost his entire time for several years to the interests of the Lyceum, lie is entitled to grateful remembrance by all its members. The Lyceum met for some time in the Philharmonic Hall, but was later given the free use of a room in the basement of the court-house, and on the completion of the Memorial Library building, the Lyceum transferred its library of 2,106 volumes to the Memorial Library Association, and in consideration of this transfer the association contracted to give the Lyceum the free use of a suitable room in said Memorial Library in perpetuity. The present officers of the Lyceum are : President, Hon. C. N. Gaumer ; and secretary, A. J. Baughman. The membership of the Lyceum is limited to forty and the society does not seek to popularize its exercises with a view to attract the presence or patronage of the general public, but devotes itself to the educational improvement of its members, and by the publication of its proceedings to educate the the public sentiment upon all .questions pertaining to the general welfare. The Richland County Historical Society was organized November 23, 1898. Its officers are : President, General R. Brinkerhoff ; vice-president, George F. Carpenter ; secretary, A. J. Baughman ; and treasurer, M. B. Bushnell. The society is auxiliary to the Ohio Archaeological and Historical Society. 72 - CENTENNIAL BIOGRAPHICAL HISTORY. A HUNDRED YEARS. In 1908 Mansfield will celebrate her centennial; and a retrospect of the years. that are gone is almost beyond the grasp of the human mind in the marvelous achievements accomplished within that period of time. Since Mansfield was platted, almost each year has seemed to give denial to the wisdom of Solomon expressed by his words that "there is nothing new under the sun," unless it be that inventive genius has but discovered and restored the arts that were lost. During these hundred years man has harnessed the winds and made of the unseen forces of steam and electricity the creatures of his will to lighten the burdens of his toil. Even Niagara no longer pours its mighty flood in sullen roar of idleness. Its mighty force has been conquered by the genius of invention and made to obey the mandates of man in turning the wheels of industry and sending forth along the lightning laden wires the subtle force that moves the wheels of commerce, and, bursting forth into light, turns night into day. The stage-coach that made the. journey to be taken a thing to be feared because of the discomforts and dangers and the delay in time, has given way to the iron horse hauling its train of palace cars, giving to the passengers every comfort and convenience, and rushing across the country with time-annihilating speed. The slow-going sailing vessel, which was so often made the victim of the caprice of the wind and wave, has given way to the ocean "greyhound," the leviathan that plows • the deep in scorn of all of Neptune's terrors. Invention within the hundred years has revolutionized the world. Within these years, Fulton invented the steamboat,. Stephenson the steam engine, Whitney the cotton-gin, Morse the telegraph., Bell the telephone, and Edison, the Wizard of Menlo Park, has caused inanimate things to talk ; pain, has been banished by anaesthetics; and all of the sciences have been made to of their secrets by man's investigation and intelligence. But what of the century to come? There, is no telling to what limit the the genius of invention may reach. The world's progress in the next hundred years can only be conjectured. It is not in the ken of man to peer beyond the veil that hides the future. Invention is yet in swaddling clothes, and greater, stranger things are yet. to come than were ever dreamed of in our philosophy. What of Mansfield ! A clearing in the wilderness, in 1808, with one or two log cabins, is now (1900) a city of eighteen thousand people. The ring of the woodman's ax has given way to the hum of machinery. The log cabin of our forefathers has vanished into the storied years, and stately mansions have risen in their places. The log school-house only remains as a CENTENNIAL BIOGRAPHICAL HISTORY - 73 memory and has been replaced by such temples of learning as are the city's pride. Where once the ox team labored through the village street, affording transportation facilities for the business of the country, now the agencies of steam and electricity, rushing headlong with their burdens, supply the vast industries, the immense business marts and the people's wants,. and the peace of the village has given way to the turmoil and bustle of a city. At the recent centenary celebration of the establishment of the seat of government at Washington, one of the orators of that occasion said with great truth that the people of the United States found themselves at the closing of the nineteenth century better clothed, better fed, better educated, better housed, with more comforts, conveniences and with greater wealth to command than any people of the years that go to make the history of the world. Narrowing his remarks to our own locality,. Mansfield and Richland county exemplify their truth. In nothing else have the people of the nineteenth century grown so fin-desiecle as in the character of the amusements and entertainments which they crave, approve and enjoy. One hundred years ago, when hardy and brave pioneers were clearing the way for civilization toward the land of the setting sun, the chief pleasures of the people centered in the log-rollings, the barn-raisins, the husking-bees, the spelling and the singing school, and they were contented and happy, never dreaming of the mimicry, the tinsel and the make believe of the present day theater. Life was all real to the people of the backwoods of one hundred years ago and they had no time for the frivolities. In the then larger centers of population, such as Boston, New York and Philadelphia, the play-houses were beginning to attract their patronage; but to the average citizen of that time, the play-house was the habitation of all that was evil and the actor folks were to be shunned by all who were not willing to be in league with evil. There was no place in society for the people of the play-house. such as they now enjoy, and of which they are now an ornament, and to which they have become a welcome guest. Those were the days of old Bohemia and the profession had not the social privileges they have now. The world moved slowly in those days and the people were not made world-weary by the rush of affairs and the killing pace for supremacy in the race for wealth. They were simple folks who lived a life of simplicity and never complained of ennui, nor sorrowed for things which they did not have. Care did not hang heavily on them, and they found no time for idleness or the pleasures of the passing show. In those days the morale of pleasures sought counted for more than now,—not because the people were more strict 74 - CENTENNIAL BIOGRAPHICAL HISTORY. in their morals then than now. but they held to their strict ideas of morality, while the progress of the world has given a more liberal construction of what constitutes morality. But the theater has kept step with the march of .years, and is to-day far removed from what it was in the years agorae. OUR ILLUSTRIOUS DEAD. Richland county is proud of her illustrious children, living and dead. In. the .Mansfield cemetery are buried warriors, journalists, statesmen and jurists. Among the warriors are General Tames Hedges, General Robert Bentley, General Robert H. Bentley, General William McLaughlin, Colonel Alex. McIlvaine, Colonel Barnabas Burns, Colonel Thomas H. Ford. Colonel Isaac Gass, Major A. M. Buns, Captain Michael Keiser, Captain Milton W. Worden, Captain J. L. Skeggs, Captain Jacob Christofel, Adjutant A. G. Phillips and hundreds of others equally deserving of honorable mention, although they served in the "rank and file." Dr. John G. Bowesmith, one of the "Six Hundred" who made the memorable charge at Baiaklava October 25, 1853, is buried on lot 1287 of our Mansfield cemetery. The Doctor was a sergeant in Lord Cardigan's light brigade, and at Balaklava received two sabre wounds--one in his left arm and one in his left side. The latter never healed, and finally caused his death on February .2 3 , 1878. He had lived in Mansfield about eight years. A man may represent a doctrine, a principle or an event, and the world looks more to that embodiment than to the man himself. So with Dr. Bowesmith, whose body rests in an unmarked grave, and who in his life took part in one of the most famous events in the world's history—a charge that has never been excelled in dash and daring even in the wildest story of historic romance. Of the prominent civilians buried in the Mansfield cemetery one was governor of Ohio, one was lieutenant-governor, one was a United States senator and six were members of Congress. Mordecai Bartley, was governor of Ohio in 1845-6. He succeeded his son, Thomas W. Bartley, who served the remainder of Governor Wilson Shannon's term, Who resigned April 13, 1844, to accept an appointment as minister to Mexico. A father succeeding hiS son as governor of a state was a novel occurrence, there being no similar case in American history. Mordecai Bartley represented this district in congress four terms, Serving. through the eighteenth, nineteenth, twentieth and twenty-first congresses,—eight years,—from 1823 to 1831 inclusive. He entered congress during President Monroe's last term and ended his service there under that of John Quincy Adams.