100 - WAYNE COUNTY, OHIO. STREAMS OF THE COUNTY. The main stream of Wayne county is the Killbuck; then come the Chippewa, Mohican, Salt creek, Apple creek and Sugar creek. Killbuck takes its rise in Canaan and Wayne townships and is in three small branches, that form junction beyond the center of Canaan township, its waters flowing toward the north into Medina county, then turning almost west into Congress township, this county, wherein for about one mile it flows in a southerly course, meanders throught various townships and finally runs about a mile west of Wooster, leaving Wayne county from Franklin township, entering Holmes county. The Chippewa, the next largest water course, has its origin in Chippewa lake, Medina County.enters Wayne county near the northwest corner of Milton township and flows in a soutsOutherlyection, thence into Chippewa township to the east line of Wayne into Stark county. This stream, also west of Sugar creek and Newman's creek, are tributaries of the Tuscarawas, while the others above named, with their branches, find their way into the Killbuck. Sugar creek's source is in East Union and Baughman townships, with tributaries in Sugarcreek and Paint townships, the chief of which is Grable's Fork. Apple creek has its rise in Wayne and Saltcreek townships, the main branch flowing through East Union, into Wooster township, unites with the Killbuck about one-fourth of a mile southwest of the city of Wooster. The northern branch rises near the south line of Canaan township and flows south into Wooster township, uniting with the main stream near Stibb's old factory, about a mile east of the city. Salt creek takes its rise in East Union township and some of its forked heads come from Saltcreek township. The main stream passes out into Holmes county. Newman's creek consists of two main branches, one rising in Sugarcreek township the other in Baughman township. The main stream rises near Dalton village, flows north to near Fairview, where it turns east, and after uniting with the north branch, runs into Stark county, forming juncjunctiOnh the Tuscarawas north of Massillon. Muddy fork of the Mohican makes a circuit through the southwest corner of Chester into Plain township, through which it extends in a southeasterly course to near the center of the township, where it turns to the west and flows out of the county two miles northwest of the corner of Plain township. WAYNE COUNTY, OHIO - 101 Little Killbuck creek rises mainly in Chester township, extends into Wooster township, and unites with the main stream three miles northwest of the city of Wooster. Clear creek and Christmas run rise in Wayne township and flow south, forming junction with the Killbuck in Wooster township, two miles west of Wooster, on the old Eicher farm; the Christmas run joins the Killbuck a mile southwest of the city of Wooster. Reddick's Springs, one of the branches of Christmas run, at one date furnished an abundant supply of pure water for the city of Wooster. The Spring Mills run issues from springs in Plain township, flows south through the village of Millbrook and about a mile farther south unites with the Killbuck. Crawford run, also known as Bahl's Mill run, has its source in springs in Wooster and Plain townships, flows southeast and enters the Killbuck about three miles southwest of Wooster city. It furnishes power for saw-mills and two grist-mills, yet is only a few miles in length. Cedar run, a small, pure stream, flowing into Cedar valley, issues from springs in the highlands of Congress township and from parts of Chester, uniting with the Killbuck a short distance from where it debouches from the Cedar valley. Little Sugar creek is a small stream of some importance, as is also the north branch of Apple creek. It rises in Canaan and Wayne townships, flowing down through Wayne and Greene. across the corner of East Union into Sugar creek. This stream runs through the village of Smithville and a short distance south of Orrville. The north branch of Apple creek has its source in Wayne township, near the south line, and flows southwest of Madisonville into Wooster township, uniting with the east branch near the Stibb's factory site, one mile east of Wooster city. Little Chippewa creek rises in Canaan township, being formed from a series of pure, cold springs. The main branch runs north into section 13 to the southwest quarter, where it turns northeast and flows into Milton township and there unites with the Chippewa. west of the village of Amwell. Besides the streams enumerated, there are smaller ones, which, with numerous springs, provide an abundance of good water throughout the county. SURFACE OF THE COUNTY. The general surface of Wayne county is more rolling than otherwise, yet it is sufficiently low and level to be well adapted to farming, grazing and 102 - WAYNE COUNTY, OHIO. general agriculture. The whole face of the county shows the action of water, from the lowest valleys to the summit of the highest elevation; but when it was acted upon, is mere conjecture. It is supposed by some that this section was once a part of one great sea. It should be stated, in this connection, that the greater portion of the land within Wayne county is susceptible of cultivation. PRAIRIES. There are several large bodies of prairie lands in this county, located near Wooster, in Wooster, Plain, Canaan, Milton, Clinton, Franklin, Baughman and Sugarcreek townships, the chief, however, being situated in Plain and Clinton. The origin is not well established, but there is evidence of such lands having once been under water—probably lakes and marshes—and in time's course were encroached upon and overgrown by vegetation. In some places it appears as if islands had once here existed, sometime covered with timber and often large and aged trees. Some of them, such as Newman's creek swamp, were covered with a thick underbrush, while others, such as may be seen near Wooster, contained thrifty trees, with wide, far-reaching roots. This was tested in Canaan township, near Pike township, during the construction of the Atlantic & Great Western railway: The surface of the land there being covered with underbrush and thick sod, was appropriated by the company for the bed of the road, but suddenly and unexpectedly, without previous indications, a large portion of the track disappeared, passing beneath into a hidden lake. The botany of the prairies presents a wonderful array of rare flora. Such lands, during the summer blooming period, are literally covered with the most beautiful and fragrant flowers. THE LAKES OF WAYNE COUNTY. There are still several lakes in this county, while there remain signs of many extinct ones—beds where once stood lake water—and the scene a thousand or more years ago was a romantic one of river, lake and hillside. Fox lake, in Baughman township, is the largest of the existing true lakes. Its location is in a marshy district, known as Tamarack Swamp, in the southeast corner of sections 1, 2, 11 and 12. Its waters are cold, pure and wonderfully clear, indicating a series of springs from which it is fed. This lake was measured or sounded in the seventies, when a man was drowned its waters, and it is said that in the center it was upwards of one hundred feet WAYNE COUNTY, OHIO - 103 deep. Before the advent of white men here, it was a popular fishing resort for the Indian tribes. It has been a favorite fishing resort for our people for many decades, and still the fishes are numerous and excellent in quality, Wayne, Stark and Medina county fishermen frequenting its waters annually. Patton's lake is a body of clear, cold water, of an oblong shape, about one-fourth as large as Fox lake, which is about a third of a mile distant from it, near the center of section 12 of Baughman township, in the Tamarack Swamp district. Three small streams flow into this pretty water sheet, its outlet being on the northwest side. It is not nearly so deep as Fox lake, but abounds in many fine fishes. The crystal character of water justifies the belief that it contains an interior fountain. The swampy lands near these two lakes retain a wild condition, and are literally covered (or were in 1878) with tamarack trees, whortleberries, some growing eight feet high, underbrush, flags and tall prairie grass. In the marshes once grew great quantities of cranberries, and as for whortleberries, nowhere in the country can there be found such a large abundance. In an early day this lake region of Wayne county was noted for its being a resort for bears, wolves, panthers and wild cats, which often made night terrible to the hardy pioneers. Deer also took shelter hereabouts as a refuge from the hunter. Smaller animals, such as beaver, otter, raccoons, opossums and minks, also resorted here in search for food and shelter. Once—hundreds of years ago—this entire swamp district must have been a real lake. Year after year the fanner has encroached on this and reclaimed much of the once worthless swamp, and now may be luxuriant crops growing on this "rich-as-Nile" soil. Another lake, called Doner's lake, is located in Chippewa township. It is of a circular form; no stream flows into it and hence it must be fed by internal springs. Brown's lake is situated in Clinton township, and it is not unlike Doner's lake, appearing to have an internal supply of water and a constantly flowing outlet. Manley's lake is a small body of clear, cold water in section 16 of Clinton township. It is situated on highly elevated land and from its eastern side issues forth a small, never-failing, stream of pure water, sparkling with life and beauty. From it runs a stream, a branch of the one that flows through the low lands in the neighborhood of Shreve. NEWMAN'S CREEK SWAMP. The lowlands in the valley of Newman's creek, extending from the vicinity of Orrville eastward to beyond the east line of Baughman township, 104 - WAYNE COUNTY, OHIO. known as Newman's Creek Swamp when the first settlers came to this county,the wildest, most inaccessible and dismal district within its boundaries. At first it was styled the Dismal Swamp and later the Shades of Death, and for many years none but the brave and daring hunters from the pioneer dared enter its confines. It was then literally covered with tall trees and underbrush, and along the streams were low marshy spots where the choicest of cranberries grew in immense quantities. The stream itself was alive with fishes. Wild potatoes grew there in great abundance, sufficient to supply the settlers with food for miles around. Before the advent of the white settlers Baughman township about this swamp, a safe retreat for game and wild animals and was frequented by the Indians, who made it a lurking place, as well as a fishing and hunting ground. Even after the settlement had grown to considerable importance there might have been seen here bears, panthers and wild cats, as well as elk, deer, etc. Beavers made this their home, as did raccoons and foxes. Such was the condition of this swamp in 1825 and up to 1830. The upper end of this, swamp extended over into Green township and from there covered the country pretty much all of the way over east to the Stark county line, thousands of acres being embraced in the swampy wilderness. Since 1838 the woodman's ax has felled and cleared away the trees and the ditcher's spade has drained and reclaimed these once worthless lands. The once “Dismal swamp" has come to be a veritable garden spot and the wilderness has in truth been made to "blossom as the rose." Today the scene is one of royal beauty, a landscape that is a feast to the eye of the beholder. For six miles the plain is unbroken and covered with good farm improvements, with here and there a clump of native timber. This swamp has long since been described as the bed of a great lake of pre-glacial times. At one remote time a much larger stream flowed here than is now known as Newman's creek. KILLBUCK SWAMP To the low marshy lands between Wooster and Shreve the name of Killbuck Swamp has long lOng applied. When the pioneer band first came into this county a continuous swamp existed between these two points. It was no doubt a pre-glacial lake bed. The first visible remains of the ancient-clay lake are at the north edge of Wooster city. Seventy-five and eighty years age all the low lands south and west of Wooster were covered by water the entire year round, until boatmen saw fit to remove some of the flood wood and drift lodged in the main channel of the Killbuck. These lands were then WAYNE COUNTY, OHIO - 105 valueless. The river gradually receded into its banks and soon the flooded meadows became covered with herbage; but it was long before they became of much value, even for grazing purposes. This territory is also within the limits of an immense pre-glacial lake, elsewhere mentioned in this work by other writers. The early settlers of Plain and Clinton townships erected their dwellings and opened up their farms on the margin of an ancient lake, which was then a beautiful plain, covered with tall grass, flags and prairie flowers, except that it was studded with ancient islands, then thickly wooded, which resembled oases. Blachleyville stands upon table lands, overlooking the "Big Meadows," now styled the Big Prairie, that extends north, west and south of the village. The scene in the district known as the pre-historic lake country and the Killbuck Swamp has in the last half century been completely transformed, and one who saw it then would not know it today were he to come back and visit this location. COAL MINES OF THE COUNTY. Perhaps no better description of the coal measure of Wayne county can be furnished than that given by Hon. John P. Jeffries, who, in the Douglas history of the county. published in 1878, gave the facts as they then existed, and from which this chapter is largely made up. Before passing to the record made by Mr. Jeffries, a the geological student, it may be stated that the United States census reports for 1902 give the total number of tons of coal mined in Wayne county for that year to have been seventy-four thousand eight hundred and twenty-four. Its estimated mine value was fixed at one dollar and seventy-nine cents per ton, or a total of One hundred forty thousand one hundred and fifty-three dollars. At the present date ‘Wayne is one of the twenty-nine coal producing counties in Ohio. Of the various mines being worked in 1878, Mr. Jeffries is the authority for these statements: The coal mines in Chippewa township number ten, including those known as the Jacob Wegandt mine, the Peter Frase mine, the Holm mines, the Boak mine, the California mine, the Franks mine, the Woods mine, the Simmons shaft, Muter's coal bank. The coal from the mines within this township is of an excellent quality, equal to the celebrated Mahoning coal. In Milton township the coal measure is confined to eight sections of the civil township in the northern part. Much coal has been mined here at different periods since the coal of the county was first discovered. In Green township the coal measure is limited to a small territory, though of recent years it has been a paying product. 106 - WAYNE COUNTY, OHIO. In Baughman township as early as 1877 there were mines doing a flourishing business, as follows : The Burton bank. Jacob E. Wenger's shaft, on section 28, where the coal is four and a half feet thick. It is reached at a depth of thirty-eight feet from the surface. Then there was the John Spindler mine, Opened by him about 1850. Across the swamp, one-half mile northwest from Fairview, is the Todd coal mine, the Becker mines, the Neiswanger mine, the Carroll mine. It is believed that coal of fine grade exists under almost the entire surface of the land within Baughman township. East Union township is another good coal-bearing section of the county, covering as it does the entire underlaying territory, except possibly a few sections. At first the coal was not found in thickness sufficient to be profitable, but in later years lower veins have been discovered that measure in many places seven feet in thickness and not over seventy feet from the surface. Still later developments have disclosed a still greater wealth of coal in this township. In Paint township the mines in operation before the eighties were : The Charles Brown mine, one mile west of Mt. Eaton; the Hunsinger mine, three and one-half feet in thickness ; George Mathoit's mine ; Dr. Roth's coal bank ; Peter Graber's mines ; the Flory mines; the Mt. Eaton mines, located in the village. Later developments in this township proved that paying quantities of good coal were to be found at almost any portion of the territory, at a depth that would pay rich returns for mining and hoisting. In fact the coal here mined now is among the finest grades in Wayne county and has been a source of great revenue to the owners. The Sugarcreek township coal mines were first opened by drift on the west side of the hill on the farm of Mr. Gochenour, one mile to the west of Dalton, about 1830, but the mine having a defective roof, it was soon abandoned. Another mine was opened a mile west of Dalton on the Peter Buchanan farm ; another on the Bashford land, where the vein was over three feet thick. On the David Rudy place still another paying mine property was located many years ago.. The coal of this entire township is accompanied by a fine grade of fire clay of great value commercially ; also limestone and some iron ore and mineral paint, red and yellow ochre. In short the entire township is one vast coal and general mineral field. The coal mines of Saltcreek township have long since come to be well known and very productive and valuable to operate. The Finley mine in 1878, on the farm of Mrs. Delano Jeffries, on section 4, was being operated by Frank Becker. Under this coal strata was found a sand rock seven feet in thickness. The Daniel Ream farm, on the southwest quarter of section WAYNE COUNTY, OHIO - 107 4, has been fully described by Prof. M. C. Reed in his "Geological Survey of Ohio." The Stutz mine was opened on section 23, where a four-foot vein was disclosed and has long been worked. The Henning mine, on the Adam Henning place, is five feet in thickness. There is considerable iron ore in this section of the county. The coal mines of Franklin township in 1877 were those of William Harrison, a mile and a half southwest of Fredericksburg. The roof of this mine was yellow sand stone. The coal was reached at the depth of eighty feet. The James Finley mines, in this township, are located on section 22, about two and a half miles from Fredericksburg, and were operated in 1878 by Asaph Rumbaugh. The coal was struck at the depth of seventy-five feet from the surface. Another Franklin township mine was Charles Story's, which vein was three feet in thickness. Coal was also found at an early date on the Miller land in section 34, but it was too thin a vein to be profitably mined. On the Jacob and Israel Franks farm, in section 35, another mine was developed, in connection with a stratum of fire clay that was used for many years in the Wooster pottery works, and fire brick were also made of this clay which was thought superior to any in the county at that day. The coal measure in Clinton, Canaan and Wooster townships is somewhat limited, says Jeffries in his article written in 1878. The absence of paying quantities of coal at and near the city of 'Wooster is easily accounted for when one considers the formation of the sub-strata of the earth at this point. Since the writings on the coal measure of Wayne county in 1878, there have been many developments and great has been the tonnage of good bituminous coal from the scores of mines in the vicinity, but more especially in the townships named and carefully described by him, and also confirmed by the state geologists. CHAPTER V. EARLY SETTLEMENT OF THE COUNTY. Where late the savage, hid in ambush, lay, Or roamed the uncultured valleys for his prey, Her hardy gifts rough industry extends, The groves bow down, the lofty forest bends ; And see the lofty spires of towns and cities rise, And domes and cities swell unto the skies. —Meigs. Wayne county's earliest pioneers were largely from Pennsylvania, Maryland, Virginia and far-away New Jersey. New England also was fairly represented among the early settlers. But by far the greater number came in from Pennsylvania. Intelligence was the rule among the first band of settlers who here sought out lands and builded for themselves homes. They possessed iron nerve and a will that made the dreary wilderness soon take on the aspect of a blooming garden spot. They had to encounter many a hardship ere this was accomplished. They contended with the hostile Indian tribes, the perils of storm and flood, the unbridged and swollen streams, with new country sickness, "homesickness" and a hundred and one trials and privations unknown to the population of the twentieth century. These hardy pioneers never surrendered to disaster or trembled before uncalculating misfortune. Manhood was fully tested. His adversities made him, oak-like, grow the stronger. When memory caused the eye at times to weep,—when the flood interposed—when the ravine stayed his progress—when the mountain and hillside overshadowed him,—then it was that the Wayne county pioneer forgot father and mother, home and childhood; then it was that his moral stature developed into giant outlines. His ax was his trusty companion; his devoted wife his assurance of triumph and well poised confidence. His cause was religion, civilization and man. He trod the forests of the county, viewing its "green, glad solitude" with an ever open and keen eye. WAYNE COUNTY, OHIO - 109 As another has written, "He persistently struggled, and how heroically he suffered, how faithfully he toiled, we who succeed him and have lived to see what he foresaw, and whose privilege it is to honor and venerate him, most tenderly remember and sensitively know. They had an unshaken faith in their mission and the benign and comprehensive results that were to flow from it." Washington might well say of the colony that was settled upon the Muskingum : "None in America were occupied under such favorable auspices. Information, property and strength will be its characteristics. I know many of the settlers personally, and there never were better men calculated to promote the welfare of such a community." It was not their sole motive to establish government, but to make it the protector and hand-maid of religion, for, said they, "Religion and government commenced in those parts of the globe where the sun first rose in its effulgent majesty. They have followed after him in his brilliant course; nor will they cease till they have accomplished in this western world the consummation of all things." So may it be recorded of Wayne county's early settlers. While it may be partly true that many of them were actuated by a desire to augment their riches and possess innumerable acres, they were also inspired by a nobler ambition and had loftier incitements than the dread omnipotence of gold. While they were seeking to promote their own welfare and discharge their duties to themselves and their government, they were not forgetful Of their higher Christian duties. In many instances, with the smoke that curled from the chimneys of their cabins ascended the incense of prayer. The rude pioneer hut, instead of being the abode of the little family cluster alOne, became a temple of worship, and the gray old woods resounded with the simple but pathetic and eloquent prayers of pious men. What a contrast between those long ago days of the early years of the nineteenth century and those of today—a hundred years later? Again let us linger with and talk of the early emigrants in Wayne county, who verily builded better than they knew. They were lone dwellers of the forests. Their daily necessities and wants were as numerous and multiplied as the inhabitants of older communities. Necessarily they were so situated as to make it impossible for all of them to be gratified. Schools and churches, there were none. The intellectual as well as the moral training of their children devolved upon themselves to a great extent. The child was the pupil, while the parents were of necessity the real educators. If they were fortunate enough to have a minister in their midst, all the better ; if not, their spiritual 110 - WAYNE COUNTY, OHIO. recreations consisted in prayer meetings and the private but equally orthodox methods of interchange of Christian views and religious experiences. Streams were then all unbridged and roads were cut by the pioneers through the dense forests. Cabins were to be built, but the saw-mill existed only in the memory of the older states from which they had emigrated. The professional tradesman was missing, unless perchance he was an integral of the colony ; but a market would have been superfluous, as there was little either fOr sale Or exchange. With the exception of mere patches along the larger streams or on the lowlands, the surface was overgrown Or covered with trees and bushes. The bear, wolf, catamount and deer held sway, with no one to contest their rights as supreme rulers. The passage from the settlers' homes through the wilderness was attended with much discomfort, privation and peril. Their journeyings were slow and painfully tedious. They were not made in the stateroom of a Pullman palace car, speeding like a mighty whirlwind around curves of the iron highway Of this day and age. A footman was no prodigy of the road in those long-ago days. To bestride the faithful horse, mount the wagon or help draw the cart, was no disgrace then to either man or woman. Weeks and even months were consumed in their journeyings westward, and their nightly bedchamber was but the tent or bare ground beneath the covered wagon. Here husband, wife and infant sank to slumbers, serenaded by the cry Of wild beasts and wild winds. Here the uncertain flint-lock gun and the trusty dog were ever on watch and in readiness to repel invasion. They made their own farm utensils, as well as the apparel they wore. Wild turkeys and deer were in abundance, so they were supplied with meats ; and in the absence of Oolong and Young Hyson tea, they sipped the sassafras and spice-wood teas. But contentment was there, if not riches. As to the good housewife and mother of the pioneer band in Wayne county, One writer has beautifully spoken : "Heaven's blessings be upon them ! How comforting to believe that in that procession of beatified and redeemed souls which forever circle around the throne and remain the nearest to the Master, the mothers are there ! If it be so endearing in heaven as it is on earth, angels will whisper it, and the name of Mother will be next in sweetness to 'Our Father, which are in Heaven.' " Among the unalloyed traits of the pioneer in this, as well as in most new countries, hospitality was ever foremost. The stranger never failed to receive a hearty welcome at the cabin home of these friendly people. Did he ask for bread, he always received the best loaf at hand. Lodging was seldom, if indeed ever, refused the weary one. While the fare was coarse, it was WAYNE COUNTY, OHIO - 111 handed out freely and graciously received. Then, too, there was a warmth and genuineness in the hand-shake hardly known to the twentieth-century generation. Women used no cosmetics ; they were false in no sense, but lived as nature had formed them and home life was pure, sweet and simple. From these pioneer homes came forth the Garfields and McKinleys and many Of the noble men who have from time to time graced the loftiest positions in the nation. These fathers and mothers taught their children to be useful, and always insisted that the useful should be the foundation for the ornamental. But now the kind reader is asked to leap the chasm of a hundred years in the history of the kingdom of Wayne—span the distance between the historic Then and the eventful Now. The pioneer cabin has long since gone to decay and most of the inmates of these primitive homes have years and decades ago joined that innumerable caravan that has crossed the deep waters of the river of death, leaving only their well-trained offspring and the sweet memory of the summer of their lives as monuments to who they were and what works they wrought out in this section of the Buckeye state. But he it recorded to their credit that they left an imperishable name for honor and patriotism and that their virtues have been handed down even to this the first decade in the progressive twentieth century. The departure from the ways of the forefathers has, of course, been wide and very marked. New systems have obtained. New systems of farming and new business methods have been ushered in with the passing of the years since the first settlers blazed their way through this goodly land and finally selected a spot on which to erect their cabin home. New implements are used, new plans of agriculture and merchandise have long since been employed. The human savage and the savage beast that roamed at will through the dark forest have forever gone and a new type of Christian civilization has come in, yet the foundation for all this modern greatness was laid by the axman of ninety and more years ago. In reality, it is to be questioned whether that high moral type of noble fatherhood, motherhood and childhood obtains here that once prevailed. Yet with the loss of some of the priceless virtues Wayne county possessed in the century past, it should be said that, in the main, the present-day progress in morality and religious sentiment is indeed praiseworthy of an enlightened, educated and highly refined people. Since the first generations of this county passed from earth's shining circle, it should be remembered that Ohio and Wayne county have produced many eminent statesmen and religionists. It 112 - WAYNE COUNTY, OHIO. was after all these pioneer characters passed away that the world was made better by such loyal liberty-loving men as Grant, Garfield and McKinley, all of whom were children of this soil. Ohio need not simply point to the Presidents, but to the larger number of gallant soldiers and later true statesmen. May the memory of the departed pioneers—our good ancestors—long be cherished and their names be held in admiring esteem and true reverence. The shore, the palm, the victory—their rest is yonder ! THE FIRST SETTLEMENTS IN WAYNE COUNTY. The first four settlements effected in Wayne county, Ohio, were made is follows (substantiated by former historians, including Ben Douglas—lately deceased—and John Larwill, both of whom made careful investigation along this important line) : The first settlement by white men in this county of whom there is now any authentic account was William Larwill, Ofnative of Kent, England, who dated his settlement as far back as 1806. He was a brother of Joseph and John Larwill, who came to the county a year later, 1807, the former in the employment of John Bever, United States surveyor, who was then engaged in running off the county in sections. And here on the present site of Wooster was made the first settlement in Wayne county. The second settlement in the county was made by James Morgan, a native of Virginia, but of Welsh ancestry, who selected a place in Franklin township, early in the spring of 1808. He came in to Ohio and squatted On the Mohican, in 1806, but removed to Franklin township in the year above named, entering lands composing the farm owned later by Thomas Doty. Thomas Butler, born in Virginia also, emigrated to this township in 1808, and married Rebecca, daughter of James Morgan, April 12, 1809. The third settlement in the county was made by James Goudy, father of John Goudy, who later resided in Dalton, Sugarcreek township. He removed from Jefferson county, Ohio, and located two miles southwest of Dalton, in the autumn of 1809. James Goudy was in General St. Clair's defeat, November 4, 1791, and was wounded in the thigh by a bullet, which for many years he carried in his body and which finally caused his death. The fourth settlement was brought about by the coming of Oliver Day in either 1809 or 1810 (Hon. John Larwill was of the opinion that he came first in 1809). He removed to East Union township, not far from "Cross Keys," and settled on the farm later owned by Jonas Huntsberger. He was a native of Vermont, as companions, Ezekiel Wells, M. D. ; old Jonathan Mansfield and Vestey Frary, who accompanied him—this being the first of the New England settlement—and "Square Day," as he was WAYNE COUNTY, OHIO - 113 called was keeping a place of entertainment at what was long afterwards known as "Carr's tavern" when General Beall's army passed. The first transfer of real estate on the public records of the county recorder's office of Wayne county was made by Oliver Day. The settlements in the various townships of the county of which this volume is an authentic history, will be found under the various township headings in the Township History chapter. PIONEER FAMILIES. The subjoined is a list of the heads of families residing in Wayne county in 18 i o, according to the United States census returns : Jacob Amman, Andrew Alexander, Benjamin Bunn, Conrad Bowers, James Beam, Josiah Crawford. Jesse Cornelius, Daniel Doty, John L. Dawson, JOhn Driskel, Thomas Eagle, Alexander Finley, Jacob Foulks, Jonathan Grant, Philip Griffith. Richard Healey, Joseph Hughes, Baptiste Jerome, David Kimpton, William Kelley, William Laylin, Andrew Luckey, Robert Meeks, Hugh Moore, William Metcalf, Samuel Matin, Stephen Morgan, Vatchel Metcalf, Benjamin Miller. John Newell, Aims Norris, William Nixon, James S. Priest, Westel Ridgley, Jesse Richards, David Smith, Valentine Smith, Jr., Isariah Smith, Christian Smith, John Smith, Philip Smith. Valentine Smith, Sr., Michael Switzer, Ebenezer Warner. CHAPTER VI. ORGANIZATION OF WAYNE COUNTY. No historian was able to correctly define the boundary lines of Wayne county until the problem was solved by the zealous research of Hon. John P. Jeffries, assisted by Ben Douglas and Hon. R. M. Stimson, state librarian, and this was not accomplished until 1878. This statement has reference to the original county, its bounds and the various changes which narrowed it down to its present limits. Wayne county was established by proclamation of Gen. Arthur St. Clair, who, when the Northwest Territory was created into a government, was chosen as its governor. He was appointed in 1788, and continued to hold his office until Ohio was admitted into the Union as a state in 1803. The proclamation for that purpose bears date August 15, 1796. It was the third county formed in the great Northwest Territory, Washington county being the first, and Hamilton county the second, the former embracing all of the territory east of the Scioto and Cuyahoga rivers, and the latter what is now southwestern Ohio, which includes all the territory between the Big and Little Miami rivers, and extending north to what is known as the "Standing Stone Forks," on the first designated stream. The early boundaries were illy surveyed and were in no sense accurate. The investigations carried on by the historians above mentioned—especially that made by Ben Douglas—record the bounds of Wayne county (original) as follows : MOUTH OF THE CUYAHOGA RIVER, where it empties into Lake Erie, at Cleveland, thence following up that river to the "Old Portage" (a carrying place from which goods were transferred on the river to what is known as "New Portage," in Summit county, on. the Tuscarawas river), now known as Akron, Summit county, thence diverging from the Cuyahoga river in a southerly direction, across the summit to a point on the Tuscarawas river, near New Portage, in the same county ; thence following the Tuscarawas through the county 0f Stark to the junction of the Big Sandy and Tuscarawas, at the north line of Tus- WAYNE COUNTY, OHIO - 115 carawas county, and there terminating the eastern original boundary of Wayne county ; thence in a southwestern direction on the Greenville treaty line. THE OLD GREENVILLE TREATY LINE. On the county line between Stark and Tuscarawas, to the east line of Holmes county ; thence across Holmes county to the northeast corner of Knox county ; thence on the line between Knox and Ashland county to the southeast corner of Richland county ; thence to the line between Richland and Knox counties, to the northeast corner of Pike township, Knox county ; thence across the townships of Pike, Berlin, Middlebury, in Knox county, to the east line of Morrow county ; thence across Morrow county on the south line of the townships of Franklin, Gilead and Cardington, in Morrow county, to the southeast corner of Marion county ; thence on the line between Marion and Morrow counties to the northeast corner of Waldo township, in Marion county; thence on the line between Waldo and Richland townships, to the southwest corner of Richland township; thence across the townships of Waldo and Prospect, to the east line of Union county ; thence across Union county. on the south line of the townships of Jackson and Washington, to the east line of Logan county ; thence across Bokescreek and Rushcreek townships to the southeast corner of McArthur township ; thence on a line between McArthur, Lake and Harrison townships, to the east line of Shelby county; thence across Shelby county, between Jackson and Salem townships, and across the townships of Franklin, Turtle Creek and McLean. to the present site of old Fort Loramie, in McLean township, in Shelby county, this line terminating at the point of the beginning of the old Greenville treaty line; thence in a northwestern direction from Fort Loramie to the southeast corner of Darke county ; thence continuing on the same hearing across section 7, of Jackson township. Auglaize county ; thence across the townships of Marion and Greenville, to the southeast corner of Recovery township to Fort Recovery, in Mercer county ; thence north, bearing to the west through Recovery township, crossing the state line near the northwest corner of section 7, entering the state of Indiana in the county of Jay ; thence continuing in the same direction through Adams county, to Fort Wayne, in Allen county ; thence west bearing to the north through the counties of Allen, Whitley, Kosciusko, Marshall, Starke, Porter and Lake, in the state of Indiana, to the most southern point of Lake Michigan ; thence around that lake northward through the counties. of Cook and Lake. in the state of Illinois, striking the summit of the highest lands to the westward of the lake far enough to include the lands upon the streams emptying into Lake Mich- 116 - WAYNE COUNTY, OHIO. igan, crossing the state line between Illinois and Wisconsin about twenty miles west of the lake shore ; thence in a northerly direction through the counties of Kenosha, Racine, Waukesha and Ozoukee, near the western shore of Lake Michigan; thence turning in a northwestern direction, following the summit of the high lands which divide the waters flowing into the lakes from those running into the Mississippi, through the counties of Sheboygan and Fond du Lac ; thence in a western direction, crossing the southeastern corner of Green Lake county, through the northern part of Columbia county, near the site of old Fort Winnebago, to the southeast corner of Adams county, the western part of Waushaka county, the southeast corner of Portage county, the western part of Waupaca county, the western part of Shawanaw, along the western line of Oconto, following the dividing ridge to the state line between Wisconsin and Michigan ; thence along the line between Canada and the United States; thence along that boundary, thrOugh Lake Superior, Lake Huron, the River St. Clair, and Lake St. Clair and Lake Erie, to the mouth of Cuyahoga river, the place of beginning. It will be observed that Wayne county at first embraced a large scope of territory, including one-third of present Ohio, one-eighth of Indiana, the northeast corner of Illinois, including the site of Chicago, the eastern One-fifth part of Wisconsin, the whole Of the state of Michigan, embracing all of Lake Michigan, one-half of the area of Lake SuperiOr, HurOn, St. Clair and the northwestern part of Lake Erie, including the battleground on which Perry's victory was achieved. The county seat Of this vast domain, that contained one hundred thirty-three thousand square miles, and was larger than England, Ireland, Scotland and Wales, was located at Detroit, which city is still in a county named Wayne. The county seat remained at that point until eight years had gone by, and two years after the state constitution had been adopted and the government of Ohio had been established. THE CONNECTICUT WESTERN RESERVE. This was situated. in the northeast part. of the state and is bounded on the south by the forty-first parallel of north latitude ; on the west by the present counties of Sandusky and Seneca ; on the north by Lake Erie ; on the east by the state line between Ohio and Pennsylvania. It had been granted to the colony of Connecticut in 1662 by Charles II, and reserved by the state of Connecticut, after the American Revolution, in its deed of cession to the government of the United States, with a view to compensate its Revo- WAYNE COUNTY, OHIO - 117 lutionary soldiers for losses in that war, by granting its warrant to such sufferers for portions of this reserved territory. In 1803, by acts of the State Legislature, the counties of Montgomery, Greene and Franklin were formed. These three counties extended north to the state line, and it will be seen that they divided the original Wayne county, separating all the territory east of Franklin—it being the furtherest east of the three named counties—south of the Connecticut Western Reserve and north of the old Greenville treaty line, from the balance of the territory of Wayne county. leaving it without any county organization, form or name, and afterwards known as the New Purchase. For five years this territory, called the New Purchase, remained without government other than as a part of the unorganized territory of the state of Ohio. By act of the General Assembly of Ohio, February 13, 1808, the boundaries of the county of Wayne were clearly defined in the third section of the act to establish the county of Stark. The entire section of this act is here given: BOUNDARIES OF WAYNE COUNTY IN 1808. Stection 3. Be it further enacted, that all that tract of country lying west of the tenth range and east of the sixteenth range in the said New Purchase, and south of the Connecticut Reserve, and north of the United States Military District, shall be a separate and distinct county, by the name of Wayne, but with the county of Stark attached to and made a part of Columbiana county, until the said county of Stark shall be organized (January 1, 1809), and shall thereafter be, and remain a part of the county of Stark until otherwise directed by law."—See Ohio. Leg. Reports, Vol. VI, page 155. The first boundary of Wayne county, established by legislative enactment. may be more specifically defined, as follows : On the east by the present county line between Wayne and Stark counties; on the south by the old Greenville treaty line, including a strip of Holmes county, as now organized. about two and a half miles wide at the west end, which strip of territory compassed all of Washington and Ripley townships in that county, nearly an of Prairie. two-thirds of Salt Creek, half of Paint, and fractions of Knox and Monroe townships; on the west by the west line of Lake, Mohican. Perry and Jackson townships. in Ashland county; and on the north by the present county line between Medina and Wayne. The change of the last description was made by act of the Legislature establishing Holmes county. January 20, 1824, which took from the south 118 - WAYNE COUNTY, OHIO. side of Wayne county the strip of territory above referred to, lying between the old Greenville treaty line and the present southern boundary of Wayne county. ASHLAND COUNTY TAKEN FROM WAYNE. February 24, 1846, by act of the Legislature, Ashland county was taken from the territory of Wayne county. There have been no other changes in the territory of this once extensive county of Wayne. WAYNE COUNTY ORGANIZED IN 1812. By an act of the Ohio State Legislature, dated January 4, 1812, Wayne county was organized, the same taking effect March 1, 1812. This act reads as follows : "That the county of Wayne be and the same is hereby organized into a separate county." The same law provided that the people of the county should elect county officers on the first Monday of April, 1812, to hold their offices until the next annual election. To the year 1810, Wayne county was one entire township, by the name of Killbuck, called after the old Indian chief of that name. ORGANIZATION OF TOWNSHIPS. Wayne county's townships were organized in the following manner : April 11, 1812, the county was divided into four townships, to-wit : Sugarcreek, Wooster, Mohican and Prairie. The present territory of Wayne county was surveyed by the United States surveyors in 1807. The ranges were strips of territory, six miles wide, numbered from east to west, and extending from the old Greenville treaty line northward to the south line of the Connecticut Western Reserve—a distance averaging over thirty miles. These ranges were again surveyed into sections of about one mile square, or containing six hundred and forty acres, and numbered from one to thirty-six, beginning at the northeast corner, and each thirty-six sections being designated a township. These townships were again numbered from the south end of each range northwardly. Range No. 11 of the original government survey was the eastern and first range in the county, and in 1812 contained the originally surveyed townships, numbered 15, 16, 17 and 18 and a small fraction of township 14. Range No. 12 contained a small fraction of township 14 and all of townships 15, 16, 17 and 18. WAYNE COUNTY, OHIO - 119 Range No. 13 contained a small fraction of township 13 and all of townships 14, 15, 16 and 17. Range No. 14 contained a fraction of township 17 and all of townships 18, 19, 20 and 21. Range No. 15 contained a fraction of township 19 and all of townships 20, 21, 22 and 23. The orders of the county commissioners, bearing date April 11, 1812, clearly defined each of the original townships as follows: Mohican township included all of range 15 in the county, and the west half of range 14. Prairie township, beginning at the center of range 14 and at the corner of sections 3, 4, 9, 10 in township 18, of range 14; thence east to the eastern boundary of the county ; thence south to the southeast corner of the county; thence westwardly on the south boundary of the county, to the center of range 14, and thence north to place of beginning. Wooster township began at the center of range 14, at the corner of sections 3, 4, 9 and 1o, in township 18 ; thence north to the northern boundary of the county; thence east to the range line between ranges 12 and 13 ; thence south on said range line to the corner of sections 1, 6, 12 and 7, in township 14 of range 13, and township 15, in range 12, and thence west to place of beginning. Sugarcreek township contained all of the originally surveyed townships 16, 17 and 18 and the northern tier of sections in township 15, in range II, and all of the originally surveyed townships 16, 17 and 18 and the northern tier of sections in township 15, in range 12. By order of the county commissioners, September 15, 1814, East Union and Lake townships were formed, the former embracing originally surveyed townships 16. 17 and 18 and the northern tier of sections in township 15, in range 12, the latter embracing the fraction of originally surveyed township 19 and all of township 20, in range 15, and the west half of originally surveyed township 8, and the west half of fractional township 17 in range 14. September 14, 1814, four days after Commodore Perry's victory on Lake Erie, the county commissioners entered an order of record, changing the name of Mohican township to that of Perry. On the 5th of June, 1815, the county commissioners formed the township of Springfield, as follows : Beginning at the northeast corner of section 24. township 19 (now Plain), range 14; thence west to the northwest corner of section 20, township 18 (now Clinton) ; thence east to the southeast corner of section 24, the range line ; thence north on the range line to the place of beginning. 120 - WAYNE COUNTY, OHIO.   September 4, 1815, Chippewa township was formed, beginning at the southeast corner of sectiOn 31, of township 18, range 11, original survey; thence north, bearing to the west, to the northwest corner of section 6; thence east to the northeast corner of the county; thence south on the county line to the southeast corner of section 36; thence to the place of beginning.   Baughman township was named the- originally surveyed township 17, range 11, on March 5, 1816.   Saltcreek township was established March 5, 1816, its territory including all of the originally surveyed township 15 and fractional township 14, of range 12.   At the last named session of the county commissioners, Paint township was formed from all of the originally surveyed township No. 15 and fractional part of township 14, in range   At the last date named, originally surveyed townships 20 and 21, in range 14, were named Chester township, and an order issued to the inhabitants to elect officers.   Wayne township was formed by order of the commissioners October 12, 1816, of the following territory : All of the originally surveyed townships 16 and 17, of range 13.   Green township was formed February 5, 1817, of all of the original townships 17 and 18, of range 12.   Congress township was formed October 5, 1818, of the originally surveyed township 21, of range 14.   Milton township was formed of the originally surveyed township 18, of range 12, by order of the county commissioners.   Jackson township was formed of the originally surveyed township 23, of range 15, February r, 1819.   Canaan township was formed May 5, 1819, of the originally surveyed township 17, of range 13.   Plain township was formed as early as 1817 (no definite date now recorded), and it was composed of territory included in the original government survey of township 19, of range 14. Its formation obliterated the north half of Springfield township, formed on June 5, 1815.   Franklin township is composed of part of the originally surveyed townships 14 and 15, of range 13. June 7, 1820, the county commissioners bounded the township as follows : Beginning at the northeast corner of section 24, in township 15; thence sOuth on the range line to the southeast corner of section 13, in township 14; thence west on the south side of sections 13 to 18 inclusive, to the range line on the west side of range 13; thence north   WAYNE COUNTY, OHIO - 121   on the range line to the northwest corner of section 6, township 14; thence east to the northeast corner of section 3; thence north to the northwest corner of section 28, township 15; thence east to the northeast corner of section 28; thence north to the northwest corner of section 22, township 15; thence east to place of beginning.   March 7, 1825, and after the formation of Holmes county, in 1824, by order of the county commissioners the above last named township was enlarged by the attachment of the southern tiers of sections, 19 to 24 inclusive,—since which time no changes have been made in its boundaries.   Pike township was formed in 1817 and was composed of the exact territory which now constitutes Clinton township, and the formation blotted out the south half and all the balance of Springfield left after the formation of Plain township. And thus, after a brief existence of two years, Springfield township disappeared from the records and map of Wayne county.   June 7, 1825, Clinton township, the last of the present sixteen townships of Wayne county, was formed, by an order of the commissioners of that date. Its boundaries then were the same as now, and its formation struck from the map of Wayne county the township of Pike.   Thus it will be observed how the settlement of the county, from time time, produced the organization of the various townships, and established, as the necessities of the people required. their local governments.   ORIGIN OF NAME OF WAYNE COUNTY.   This county was named in honor of Major-General Anthony Wayne, an ardent patriot of the Revolutionary war. He was a native of Waynesborough, Chester county, Pennsylvania, born January 1, 1745. He had a brilliant career and died in 1796 in a cabin at Presque Isle and, at his own request, was buried under a flag staff of the fort. In 1809, his son removed his body to Radnor cemetery, in Delaware county, Pennsylvania, where a monument is erected to his honor.   CHAPTER VII.   COUNTY GOVERNMENT.   Wayne county was organized, as before related, January 4, 1812, and the machinery of a separate county government set in motion on the 4th of March that year. The first election for county officers was held on the first Monday in April, and such officers were to hold their term only until the next annual election. Up to 1810 what was styled Killbuck township comprised the entire county, but April 12, 1812, the county was divided into four civil townships, Sugarcreek, Wooster, Mohican and Prairie.   The first set of county officers elected were : Josiah Crawford, sheriff ; William Smith, (appointed) treasurer in 1812; Roswell M. Mason, prosecuting attorney ; James Morgan, Jacob Foulkes and John Carr, county commissioners ; William Larwill, clerk of the court of common pleas; Benjamin Ruggles, president judge of the court of common pleas ; Christian Smith, David Kimpton and John Cisna, associate judges.   The first work of the county commissioners was to divide the county into the four civil townships named and look after proposed roads in the newly organized county, as well as to provide some suitable place for the county offices to be established.   THE FIRST COUNTY SEAT.   The original seat of justice for Wayne cOunty was that designated by the locating commissioners, and was on the eminence east and south Of where Wooster now stands, on lands then owned by Bazaleel Wells and company, and was called Madison. It was not satisfactory to the people, whereupon the Legislature appointed new commissioners, and they selected what is now Wooster as the permanent county seat. But a single cabin was erected in Madison.   The first place of holding court was on the old "Fin" Weed livery stable grounds on East Liberty street, in an old log shanty built by John Bever. The March term, 1813, was held at the house of Josiah Crawford. In 1814 was built the Baptist church, a frame structure, in the rear of the lot where later the Reformed church was built, and in this building, for a time, court was held. The county paid fifty dollars a year rent.   WAYNE COUNTY, OHIO - 123   THE COURT HOUSE HISTORY.   The first court house was built by the proprietors of the town of 'Wooster, Messrs. Larwill, Bever and Henry, in 1819. It was among the conditions with which they agreed to comply when the county seat was changed from the original seat of justice, Madison, to Wooster, that they should erect a three-story building with a gallery, built of brick, a part of which was occupied by the county officers and the Freemasons order. It stood On the site of the present beautiful court house, on the northwest corner of the public square. It was burned in 1828, during a term of court, and some of the papers and public records of the court and county were lost. It was in 1823 that a bell was placed on this building, the same being a donation by John Bever, one of the townsite men.   The next court house was erected in 1831-32 and from the files of the Advocate, dated September, 1833, it is gleaned that "the court house is a noble edifice, only finished this spring, and cost seven thousand, two hundred dollars ($7.200). It is doubtless the handsomest in the state, if not in the United States, and confers much credit on the enterprising architect, Mr. McCurdy. It is covered with lead, and from the cupola may be had an agreeable, variegated view of the village and surrounding country.''   Among the novel and attractive features of the superstructure were two large metal balls, made of copper. by John Babb, and these ornamented the spire. They held, of liquid measure, about twenty-five gallons and one and a half gallons, respectively.   Within this court house many an early day scene in the history of the county was enacted. It stood as a safe and substantial building until time had wrought its inroads on its walls and it finally became a dilapidated, dangerous building, no longer safe for use as a public building. In the summer of 1877 the city council of Wooster condemned it as a public building and later the county commissioners. after fully investigating its condition, confirmed the opinion of the city council. The place for holding court was then transferred to France's Hall, on West Liberty street, where its sessions were held until a new court house could be provided.   February 16 and 18, 1878, meetings of the members of the Wayne county bar and other citizens were held in Wooster to take action, by which the matter of a new court house should be set in motion. Hon. John McSweeney was chairman of this meeting the first day and Hon. John P. Jeffries on the last day. Col. Benjamin Eason and Capt. A. S. McClure acted in the capacity of secretaries.   124 - WAYNE COUNTY, OHIO.   A committee was selected to prepare a memorial to the Legislature, setting forth the need of a new building, and also to draft a bill to be presented to the Legislature for its approval, authorizing the county commissioners to issue bonds in an amount not exceeding seventy-five thousand dollars, with which to erect a new court house, the same to be built in the city of Wooster. Such committee was composed of the following named gentlemen : Hon. George Rex, John H. Kauke, Esq., Judge J. H. Downing, Hon. Ben Eason, D. D. Miller, Esq., Capt. A. S. McClure, Col. E. P. Bates, J. K. McBride, John Zimmerman, Esq., Hon. M. Welker, Hon. Aquila Wiley, Hon. John Brinkerhoff, E. Quinby, Jr., Esq., Hon. John P. Jeffries, Hon. E. B. Eshleman, A. T. Thomas, Esq., Hon. John McSweeney, Ohio F. Jones. Esq., Hon. C. C. Parsons, M. C. Rouch, Esq., G. P. Emrich, Esq., Prof. L. Firestone, Hon. J. W. Baughman.   The memorial and bill were duly sent on to the state capital and thus was laid the legal foundation for the construction of the handsome court house that still serves well its purpose. It stands On the site of all previous court houses in Wayne county and is a model of excellence and safety for the valuable records of the county, its courts and officials.   When the court house was finished it was not properly divided, in regard to rooms, and with the passing of years improvements in the floors, etc., were found necessary fOr the comfort and convenience of those connected with the Offices and courts, so, in 1909, the county commissioners wisely decided to expend not to exceed ten thousand dollars in such repairs and changes as were needed. The work is now in progress.   The years have passed, and the minutes and hours that have made up the days and months have been ticked off and truly noted by a "city clock" which hangs in the high tower of this court house, the bell attached thereto being one of unusually clear and musical tone.   WAYNE COUNTY JAILS.   While, as a general rule, the citizens of this section of Ohio have been law-abiding people, yet, in common with all other counties, there has from the first been a pressing demand for some safe place in which to keep offenders of the law from escaping before final trials, and hence the jail has always been numbered among the necessities of the county. The first jail built by this county was situated on lot No. 57, and was purchased by the commissioners of John Bever for the sum of two hundred dollars. Bids were had for the construction of a jail, July 13, 1816, and the lowest responsible bidder was Benjamin Jones, who contracted with the county to erect one for one