The territory comprising the present Centre Township was at first included within the limits of Delaware Township, which had been created by County Commissioners June 7, 1824, and which embraced all the land bounded on the north by the Harris State line, east by the line separating Ranges 3 and 4 east, south by the line separating Townships 3 and 4 north, and west by the Indiana line, or the First Principal Meridian. Centre was known as Township 6 north, Range 2 east, and remained a part of Delaware until December 3, 1833, at which time it was set off and made a part of St. Joseph Township. The latter was the land bounded on the north by the Harris line, east by the line dividing Ranges 2 and , 3 east, south by the line dividing Townships 4 and 5 north, and west by the Indiana line. On the 7th of March 1836, the Commissioners ordered “that the original surveyed Townships 6, 7 and 8 north, in Range 2 east, be erected and incorporated into a township to be called Centre ; and further, that the inhabitants of said Centre Township meet on the first monday in April next, at the house of Jacob Dillman, and proceed to elect, according to law, the necessary officers to organize said township, and that the Auditor advertise the Auditor advertise the same according to law." No other change was made with Centre until March, 1839, when Township 7 north, range 2 east, and fractional Township 8 north, Range 2 east, were set off and created as Superior Township, thus leaving Centre as it is at present. The names of the first officers who were elected at the residence of Jacob Dillman in April, 1836, are no longer remembered.

During the summer or autumn of 1833, Mrs. Mary Leonard, a widowed lady came with her family to Centre Township. She was accompanied by James Overleas, Sebastian Frame and John Heckman, all three

of whom were her sons-in-law. The four families located in the southeastern part of the township, and began to prepare homes from the woods. Mrs. Leonard had a large family of nearly grown-up children and with the assistance of her sons and sons-in-law, encountered no serious drawbacks in the creation of a comfortable home. These families came from Montgomery County, Ohio, with three or four wagons, each drawn by two yoke of oxen, and loaded with such household goods as would be needful in the new home. Members of the family had come to the township some time before to select and enter suitable tracts of land, upon which they designed to locate ; this was very probably done during the spring of 1833, and were, so far as known, the first tracts entered the township, though not the only ones entered during the same year,

Sebastian Frame was a man of considerable ability, and had been ordain.. an Elder in the Dunkard Church. Unquestionably, the first religious exercises in the township were conducted by him, either at his own cabin. or at the cabin of his mother-in-law, Mrs. Leonard. The members of the four families often met during the severe winter of 1833-34, to worship, and to talk over the means of meeting successfully the difficult problems of pioneer life. Upon their arrival in the township, the families had at first lived in their wagons, under the shelter of rude temporary abodes built of poles, brush and blankets, while the men went to work to construct rough cabins of round logs. Pleasant was the task of removing to these cabins, humble though they were. These were probably the only persons residing in Centre during the year 1833. In January, 1834, Joel Kinsey came from Montgomery County, Ohio, entered the northwest quarter of Section 35, erected on the same a small log cabin, and began the destruction of the timber on his land. Two or three months later, George Skinner appeared, and entered the east half of the southeast quarter of Section 34. He likewise built a log house, and made some improvements ; but in October of the same year, sold his land to .Jacob Dillman, and removed from the township, going no one knew whither. Mr. Dillman, a man who afterward during his life was very prominent in township affairs, had come from Stark County, Ohio, during the spring of 1834, and had selected a tract of land in the eastern part of the township, upon which were favorable facilities for a fine waterpower. He returned to Stark County, but the sudden death there of a man whom he expected would operate his prospective mill altered his plans somewhat, and when he again came to Centre Township he purchased the Skinner farm. A few acres had been under brushed by Mr. Skinner, who had sown thereon what he thought was clover seed, but which soon proved to be Canada thistle seed. The ground was soon covered with these pests, which have not been wholly eradicated even to this day.

On the 1st of January, 1837, there were living in the township the following persons, or their families : Zebulon Britton, S. L. Boughton, Samuel Crocker, Jacob Dillman, Lewis Fritch, Jacob Fetters, Daniel Filson, Sebastian Frame, William Hill, Samuel Hill, Joel Kinsey, Abner Lovejoy, Mary Leonard, Martin Lloyd, Frederick Miser, James Overleas, Banister Pool, Almon Stinson, Horace Stinson, Seth Stinson, Jacob Spangler, Isaac Sufficool, John Heckman, Prescott Sawyer, Daniel Weaver, Abraham Weaver, Phillip Yockey, Mr. Brant, and perhaps a few others.

In 1837, 1,080 acres, valued at $2,700, were taxed. The total tax that year for State, canal, county, school and road purposes was $47.25. A considerable portion of this tax was paid by the proprietors of the villages of Centre and Freedom, which had been laid out the year before.

By the 1st of January, 1839, there had come in Alfred Church, M. G. Frock, Lorenzo Garton, John B. Kimmell, Joseph McKean, Isaac Neihart, Jacob Neihart, Thomas Punches, Amass Shafer, Peter Yockey and others. A year later, There were in—Jacob Swartzcope, Jacob Bowman, John D. Martin, Robert Baird, John Dinsmore, Stephen Hungerford, John owell, William Prouty, Robert Smith, William Sheridan, Sr., Frederick Webber and others.

In 1839, there were in the township 13 horses and 102 cattle ; in 1840, there were 34 horses and 130 cattle ; in 1842, there were 59 horses and 177 cattle ; in 1843, 72 horses and 228 cattle, and in 1844 80 horses and 252 cattle.

Perhaps the most successful hunter ever in the township was Frederick Miser, who came from Coshocton County, Ohio, to the township in the spring of 1834. He was a very large man—possessing enormous strength—and was a dead shot with the rifle. He loved to hunt, and would often be gone several days at a time, taking with him in his provison bag a plentiful supply of bread and meat. He would always return loaded down with skins and game. It is said that he was so strong that he could carry in two or three deer on his back. He went dressed in a complete suit of buckskin, as did also his boys. He was one of the few early settlers in the township who succeeded in killing bears. It is related that, one dark night, a great commotion was heard among the swine that were in the woods some distance north of his house. The night was so dark that Mr. Miser knew it was useless to sally forth. The sine squealed terribly for some time, and then all became silent. At daybreak, Mr. Miser and his sons went out where the squealing had occurred; and, after looking around a short time, found the half-eaten carcass of a hog covered with leaves. Mr. Miser knew enough of the

habits of the bear to be aware that the animal would very likely return the following night to gorge itself again with fresh pork so he resolved to be present on that occasion to act as a reception committee of one. Accordingly, about two hours before dark, he went to where the carcass lay, dressed in an appropriate fashion for the reception of so distinguish a guest. He concealed himself behind the roots of a large tree, and patiently waited for the development of events. A. little while before dark, he heard a rustling of leaves, and, peering out, saw, a moment later a large black bear stepping leisurely along, and approaching the " supper table." At a favorable moment, the hunter took careful aim and fired , and the animal fell shot through the heart. A few feeble spasmodic movements—a few feeble kicks—and all was over. The dead animal was, carried to the house, on a handspike, by the boys. The next morning, the family ate bear steak for breakfast. The near neighbors were presented with portions and fared likewise. Bear meat is said to be excellent. It tastes much like veal, and can be fried in its own fat like pork

One morning Mr. Miser started out for a long hunt down in the present townships of Defiance County. While moving through the woods in Milford Township near the residence of Mr. Mann, keeping a careful lookout for game, his attention was attracted to a large opening in a gigantic tree, many feet from the ground. Closer examination revealed the fact that the trunk of the tree and the opening in the same were scratched; by the claws of some large animal. The hunter resolved to wait awhile and see what transpired ; so, without noise, he seated himself at the foot of the tree. The minutes passed away, and at last a great noise was heard high up in the hollow tree, a scratching and clawing, interspersed with numerous whines and snarls, which, after a few minutes, ceased, and all became still again. Mr. Miser immediately started for the cabin of Mr. Mann, who, with ax in hand, came back with him. The tree, though large, was hollow, and was soon cut down. Mr. Miser stood near with his rifle ready, and when the tree fell with a great crash, out through the opening came a large bear, with open mouth and eyes of fire. The animal. was instantly shot dead. The tree was examined, and three cubs about. as large as cats were found. They fought and scratched when taken out, but were too small to do much damage. Mr. Mann took one of them and Mr. Miser the other two. The latter were taken home, and became great pets in the family of Mr. Miser. They grew rapidly, and soon became large and a nuisance generally. They were up to all sorts of capers, and could eat as much corn as swine. The family kept maple sugar and wild honey in the cabin loft. The bears were very fond of anything sweet, and

could smell it if it was anywhere about the house. They soon became aware of what the loft contained, but were unable to reach it until one day, after they had become quite large, when they climbed upon the cabin roof, knocked off the weight poles, scattered the clapboard shingles and

descended into the loft, where they helped themselves to the store of sweets. Sometimes they would snap and bite the children, but this was done only in sport. They loved to souse themselves in a tub of water, and were a pest to the women on washing day. At last they became so troublesome that they were killed.

Traps were made by fastening across some path a small-log, into which many sharp pins were driven. Above this, a much larger and heavier log was partly suspended in such a manner that when the animal stepped over the lower log, the trigger was struck and the heavy upper log came down, pinning the animal fast. Mr. Miser often set these traps. One stormy night a large bear attacked a hog belonging to Mr. Miser, and weighing nearly two hundred pounds, and threw it over an eight rail fence that constituted the pen. The unfortunate Sue scrofa was dragged off in the woods despite its squeals, where it was killed and partly consumed. A trap like the one above described was set, but the only thing caught and killed was a valuable dog belonging to the family. The bear was not seen, but must have been a very large one, On still another occasion, while Mr. Miser was hunting in the western part of the township, and while he was trying to force his way through a tangled and almost impenetrable swamp, he saw off at some distance to one side a suspicious, looking heap of leaves and dried grass. While standing observing it, he

only suddenly saw the head of a large bear emerge from the covering, and pair of small bright eyes peer about, though the animal still remained lying in its nest. Mr. Miser cautiously raised his rifle without being seen, took deliberate aim at the exposed head and fired. The sharp report was followed by a sudden and tremendous scattering of the leaves and grass of the nest, accompanied by a torrent of growls and snarls, though in a minute or two the death struggles of the animal ceased. Upon Upon going forward, Mr. Miser found two young cubs sprawling among the grass and leaves. He took them home, where they were kept some time, but were afterward killed. One night Mr. Miser heard the screams of a panther in a swamp west of his house, but, although he went out the next morning, nothing of it could be discovered.

woods north of Miser's cabin. They were walking along some distance apart, when Overleas discovered a fresh deer track. He followed it a short distance, and soon saw the deer quietly feeding. He cautiously approached and shot the animal, which fell upon the ground, and the hunter went forward to cut its throat. As he stooped over it with knife in hand, the animal, having been merely stunned by the shot, suddenly leaped to its feet, and with bristles erect along its spine, and antlers lowered, charged furiously upon him, knocking him down and pinning him to the earth like a vise. He seized the angry animal by the antlers, and endeavored with all his strength to free himself, but without success. The deer gored him with its sharp-pronged antlers, and struck him with its cutting hoofs, until he was covered with wounds and bruises, and his clothing was torn into ribbons. At the first of the attack he had begun calling loudly to his companion for assistance ; but, although the latter heard the cries, he was unable to reach the spot until Overleas had been severely punished for his carelessness. Leonard came panting up to the scene, and immediately ended the struggle by shooting the enraged animal dead. Had it not been for his timely arrival, Overleas would have probably been killed. He went home a wiser man.

Daniel Fetters one day killed a doe and two fawns within the space of a few minutes. While out with his gun, he discovered them feeding, whereupon he shot and killed the mother, and the fawns ran away at the top of their speed, but soon returned and approached their parent. Mr. Fetters knew they would return, and had concealed himself near the doe. From behind a tree he shot one of the fawns, and the other ran away; but, when it returned, a few minutes later, it was likewise killed. John and Jacob Fetters, one autumn, tried to see which could kill the greater number of deer during the time which each could spare from his work. John killed forty-six, and Jacob forty-nine. The skins were taken and sold, as were also the better portions of the flesh. Many of the hams were smoked or salted down like pork. One day a bear was started in the northeastern part of the township by some one not remembered, and was followed to a swamp in the southwestern part, many joining in the chase. Jacob Neihart and Michael Frock joined the pursuit with their dogs. The bear was at last treed in the swamp, and was shot at by Philip Neihart, who gave it only a flesh wound ; whereupon another settler. tried his hand, and the animal came to the ground dead. Mr. Miser could dress deer skins as well as an Indian, and after the same fashion. The suits of buckskin which he and his sons wore were warm and comfortable while they were dry ; but after they had become wet and had

dried, they were like boards, and about as easily put on as a suit of basswood. On such occasions the, process of the morning dressing was amusing and ridiculous.

One day in early years, several of the settlers had occasion to go to a Fayette. As they were goifig along, one of them discovered a "bee tree," which was immediately cut down. The men ate what they wanted of the choice honey, and when they were satisfied, they told Mr. Overleas that be might have the remainder. The settlers in early days were in the habit, when they left home, of taking with them a "wallet" (usually made of cloth) well filled with substantial food. These "wallets " were bags about three feet long, closed at both ends, but open at the middle, and were carried over the shoulder or around the neck, food being placed in both ends. Mr. Overleas had his wallet on the occasion above mentioned, and when he was told that the remainder of the honey was his, being a peculiar man, he resolved to put it all, to the amount of about three

lions, in his cloth wallet and carry it with him. The honey was accordingly placed in the wallet, and the men proceeded on their way. Some f the men had been wiser than Mr. Overleas, and had foreseen the consequences, but they said nothing. At last, as the honey became warm on

the back of Mr. Overleas, it began to strain through the wallet, and before he was aware of the fact his back was covered with the sweet substance. The other men had been laughing some time at his expense, and when he discovered this, he resolved, as you have done a great many times, dear reader, to stick to his honey as long as it stuck to him, in spite of them. It was a warm day, and he began to sweat, which greatly aggravated the disaster. The other men enjoyed the occasion hugely. The honey was soon dripping from the mortified man's shoulders, but he would not give up, as he naturally dreaded the outburst of merriment and the ominous ridicule that was sure to result from his relinquishment of the honey. He kept the sweet substance, but was tortured all the ay by the suppressed laughter of his companions. At length, when he ached home, about a gallon had escaped, the most of which covered his tire back. He was a sweet picture, truly, and his. clothing was immediately put in the wash-tub. It is reasonable to conclude that Mr. Overleas

did not eat honey for his supper on the evening of his return. The crab-apple sauce, the vinegar, the pickles, which his wife had prepared, suffered, no doubt, a severe attack.

One day, in early times, a small boy, about four years old, belonging to a family which lived in the southwestern part of the township, became

lost. The mother had gone to one of the neighbors, and the child had attempted to follow her. The loss was not discovered until the mother returned, about dark. Search was immediately instituted, the neighborhood was aroused and soon the woods were filled with anxious searchers. Torches were carried, Ind the search continued all night ; but the morning dawned, and the first day passed without success. The mother was almost distracted with grief and nervous anxiety. People came by the score to assist in the search—some as far distant as five or six miles; but, although more than a hundred active searchers were present, no concerted and organized effort was made, strange to say, until the third day. On this day, a long line was formed, the men and women being stationed about sixty feet apart, and the word was given by the Captain to march. It was not long before the little boy was found. He was dead, but his body yet contained warmth, showing that death had occurred only a short time before. The spot where the little fellow had slept each night was found. When night overtook him, he had, as was his habit, taken off his clothing, thinking that he must do so in order to go to sleep. It was October and the nights were quite cold, and the little wanderer could not survive the chilling weather. When he arose the first morning, he, was unable to put on his clothes properly, and thus wandered about half-clad. Had the search been organized, as it should have been, on the second clay, the little boy would have been found alive. It was the easiest thing in the world even for grown people to get lost in early days. The sensations on such occasions are described as terrifying. The mind and senses become wild with bewilderment, see familiar objects under new and strange aspects, and refuse to recognize trees and paths known for years. Old settlers, lost, have been known to pass within a few yards of their own doors without recognizing a single familiar object.

Jacob Bowman owned land on Sections 24 and 25 ; Daniel Kreiger, on 29 ; Charles Butler, 10 and 20 ; Levi Cunningham, 6 ; John Craw and Joshua Conklin, 3 ; Jacob Drayer, 4 ; Rowland Day, 8 ; Andrew Dice, 28 ; Jacob Eberman, 21; W. P. Green, 30 ; Zenas Hinds, 33; Bentley Harman, 21; Joseph Henderson, 17 ; Simon Jennings, 8 ; Frederick Moyer, 26 ; Beniah McGowan, 12 ; John Miller, 29 ; Christian Miller, 30 ; B. L. Mead, 7 ; Albert Mathias, 30 ; Jacob Neidhardt, 23.; Eden Neer, 20 ; Abraham Roon, 25 ; George Retter, 26 ; Samuel Ross, 14 ; Isaac Robbins, 23 ; Henry Tharp, 19 ; Joseph Whitehill, 32 ; John Ward, 5 ; Peter Wilhelm, 23 ; Walter Wimple, 12 ; James B. Wells, 12; Isaac Wilson, 26 ; Samuel, Medary, 9 ; Richard Baker, 6 ; Samuel and Abner Aiken, 3 ; Thomas Armstrong, 2 ; Zebulon Britton, 28 ; Samuel

Crocker, 35 ; Jacob Dillman, 34 ; Lewis Fritch, 20 ; Jacob Fetters, 27 ; Sebastian Frame, 35; William and Samuel Gill, 17 ; Joel Kinsey, eastern part; Martin Lloyd, southern part ; Frederick Miser, 25 ; James Overleas, 35 ; Banister Pool, 30 ; Almon and Horace Stinson, 10 ; Seth Stinson, 4,; Jacob Spangler, 28 ; Prescott Sawyer, eastern part ; Daniel and Abraham Weaver, northern part ; Philip Yockey, eastern part ; John Blair, 23 ; George Beechler, 21;, John Flora, 13 ; J. B. Kimmell, 28 ; Abraham Hunsberger, 11; John McDowell, 35 ; J. S. Marshall, 24 Joseph McKean, 19; C. L. Noble, 10; T. L. Punches, 24; Thomas Smith, 29 and 32 ; Jacob Frock, 20; Jacob Neihart, 21.

In about the year 1845, Fred Miser, Jr., built a saw-mill in the eastern part, on the western branch of Lick Creek. A dam was constructed, and a race dug, and, for some five or six years, during the rainy months, a considerable quantity of lumber was sawed. It is said that 500 logs were transformed into lumber by this mill, during one spring, while the mill was in operation. The mill was abandoned because it did not pay sufficiently well to warrant its continuance. Several years before this mill was built, Jacob Bowman had constructed a strong dam on Lick Creek, near where the stream is crossed by the Centre and Bryan road, and had, with the help of eight or ten hired men, excavated a long race across the large bend in the stream, on Sections 24 and 25. Near the terminus of the race he erected a two-storied frame grist-mill, and placed therein two sets of buhrs, one for wheat and the other for corn. About the same time, he built a saw-mill on the same race. These mills were conducted quite successfully for many years, and became well known and well patronized.' The grist-mill furnished excellent flour ; and the saw-mill furnished lumber that may yet be seen in many a building in the surrounding neighborhood. In 1836, Mr. Bowman, opened a general store in Centre Village, his stock being valued at about $500. About the same time, John D. Martin also opened a store at the same place. The Assessor of 1837 valued his stock at $700. These stores and mills were very handy to the settlers, as they saved long journeys, through bottomless roads, to distant places. The stores furnished all sorts of useful articles needed in the backwoods, and almost any kind of produce was taken as payment. Deer skins were for many years almost legal tender for the payment of obligations. Money was very scarce, and other mediums of exchange were sought and found. So many yards of calico were worth so many pounds of butter; so many pounds of sugar or coffee were worth so many deer skins or hams, or dozens of eggs ; and such a pair of boots was worth such a hog, or such furs. Estimates of value were thus made from the self-

regulated law of supply and demand, with the various articles in the possession of the settlers. Stores were not opened in villages alone ; they were kept in farmers' houses. Prescott Sawyer, one of the first black-smiths in the township, placed in his cabin dry goods, groceries, hardware, queensware, etc., valued at about $500. He also built an ashery, and for several years manufactured the estimated quantity of ten or twelve tons of black-salts and pearl-ash, annually. He exchanged goods from his store for ashes, and probably opened 'the store as an adjunct to the ashery. Here the early settlers could get goods without money ; all they had to do was to save the ashes which resulted from their log-heap fires, , and haul the same to the ashery. Henry Ruse purchased the Bowman grist-mill after a number of years, and placed in the same a steam engine. A few years later, the mill was destroyed by fire, but was soon rebuilt, but after a number of years was again burned, and was then abandoned. It was customary in early times, in almost every family, to have whisky, at all times, on the mantlepiece ; .members of the family, old and young, could take a drink whenever they pleased. This universal custom of consuming liquor led to the construction of many distilleries in the wilderness. In quite an early day, Jacob Householder constructed a small one • in the eastern part of the township, on the old Neidhardt farm. The small quantity of whisky made was consumed as fast as it came from the still. The distillery was conducted about three years, and was then abandoned. Lewis Fritch was a carpenter and cabinet-maker ; he made many coffins, tables, stands, etc., for the early settlers. Jacob Fritz made spinning wheels, large and small, also reeds, shuttles, looms, etc. He tried his mechanical ingenuity in the construction of a musical instrument known as an " organ ;" but, after the lapse of several mentally laborious months, abandoned the project, as he had reached the terminus of his inventive skill. Philip Neihart manufactured chairs, in an early day. Specimens of his workmanship may yet be seen in the township. Sebastian Frame, immediately after his arrival in the township, erected a small building on his farm, in which he placed a small set of " nigger- head " buhrs to be used in cracking corn." It was located on a branch of Lick Creek, and was operated by water power, and, later, by horse or ox power. It was the first " grist-mill " in the township. William Sheridan, Sr., an excellent man, and one of the first blacksmiths in the county, built a shop on his farm in the eastern part of the township, where, for many years, all manner of work in his line was done. A man named Clendennen worked in his shop for a time, but afterward went to Centre Village, where he worked at the same trade. In about the year 1846, Daniel Wirtz erected a building in the eastern part, in which he placed the necessary machinery for carding wool and dressing cloth. The

motor for operating the mill was water from the stream on which the building was situated. A considerable quantity of wool was taken to his mill, where it was carded, alter which it was taken home, spun, woven into cloth, and returned to the mill to be fulled or dressed. The mill had s

all it could do during the wet months—the only times it could operate. It did a paying business for about ten years, and was then discontinued. It is said that David Leonard afterward transformed it into a saw-mill. These were the principal early industrial pursuits in the township, outside of the villages.

In the month of February, 1836, Montgomery Evans, Nathan Shirley and Thomas Warren, proprietors, employed a surveyor and laid out the above-named town on the southeast quarter of Section 35. The proprietors were speculators, whose object was to lay out a town that should ultimately become the county seat of Williams County. At that time, Defiance and Williams Counties were one, under the latter name; and, as the geographical center of the county was not far from southeastern Centre Township, the proprietors felt sure of securing the location of the county seat at their village; for the subject of removing the county seat from Defiance to some spot more centrally located, was then being seriously discussed. The above designated gentlemen, with pretty accurate foresight, laid out Freedom accordingly ; but two important obstacles, which, in the nature of things, could not be foretold, lay in the way of the fruition of their hopes. One was the foundation of Centre (village), and the other was the division of the county into two. • The latter circumstance was sure to defeat the hopes of Freedom, end the former was very likely to do the same, as it was located on the justly celebrated Bellefontaine road. The result was that Freedom did not grow a particle, and at length, in about 1842, the village was abandoned.

This village, like Freedom, was designed for the county seat, and would have been but for the division of the county. It was laid out on the 23d of January, 1836, by John Evans, proprietor, and Miller Arrow-smith, Deputy Surveyor of Williams County. Four hundred and eighteen lots were laid out on the southwest quarter of Section 35, four lots being reserved for a park, a school-yard and a cemetery. Within a short time after the village had been founded, it became plainly apparent that Williams County was soon to be divided. This was a death blow to the anticipated growth and prosperity of Centre. In 1836, there were two or three families in Centre. Prescott Sawyer, a blacksmith, was there. J. B. Kimmell was also there with his store, as was John D. Martin soon

afterward. A. M. Bateman also lived in the village. Kimmell was the first Postmaster, and was appointed some time during the year 1838. It was during the spring of this year that Congress established the mail route from Defiance via Brunersburgh, Williams Centre, St. Joseph and Denmark, in Ohio, and Perseverance, Steubenville, Little Prairie and Pretty Prairie to Lima, in Indiana. It is said that Judge Israel Stoddard, who at that time lived at Denmark, St. Joseph Township, was the first mail carrier. He traversed the route on horseback. Colin Tharp, who lived at Centre, but just across the line in Defiance County, opened his doors and entertained the traveling public. Mr. Kimmell also kept a house of entertainment. He kept liquor for those who wanted it, and their names were legion. His house became quite a resort for those who looked upon the wine when it was red. At that early day the subject of total abstinence began to be discussed. Jacob Dillman came out strongly in opposition to the liquor traffic. He and Mr. Kimmell were opposing candidates in 1839 or 1840 for the position of Justice of the Peace. Mr. Kimmell was the successful candidate, and it is stated that his election was largely due, to the support of the intemperate element. Mr. Dillman kept a small store. Lorenzo Crocker located in Centre in about 1840, and Samuel R. Clendennen, a blacksmith, appeared in about 1842. John Manon, a tailor, came in 1841, and for some time worked at his trade, but afterward clerked many years in the store of Giles H. Tomlinson. The land upon which Centre stands was entered by James Overleas, who erected the first building,. of any kind upon the present town site. This was a rude log cabin, built in the fall of 1833. The cabin of Mr. Kimmell was probably the second; it was erected in 1836. Crocker was a shoemaker, and worked at his trade. John Evans, the proprietor of the village, was a physician, who." lived at Defiance. He had considerable means at his command. Oliver Sawyer was a resident of Centre about the year 1838. Giles H. Tomlinson first appeared in Centre in ,1838, but he did not locate there until about 1848. Mr. Manon succeeded Kimmell as Uncle Sam's postal agent.. He took the office about 1844, and held the same for nine or ten years, at which time Dr. Dunshee stepped in and remained until J. P. Dodge was appointed, during Buchanan's administration. After a few years, Daniel Lovejoy took possession of the office. He was succeded by his son, who is yet Postmaster. In about 1844, the most of the village lots of Centre, after having passed through several hands, were purchased by Brown & Phelps, who paid the tax on them a few years ; but when the neighborhood was taxed heavily for school purposes at the time the schoolhouse was built, their share of the burden was greater than they cared to bear, and they neglected the payment of their tax. Finally the lots were sold by, the Sheriff and pur-

chased by G. H. Tomlinson, for $400, or at $2 each, there being two hundred of them. In January, 1848, Mr. Tomlinson opened a store in Centre with about $1,500 worth of a general stock of goods, which he brought from Bryan, where he had previously been in business. He continued in the mercantile business until 1862, having in store at certain seasons goods valued at about $6,000. He packed large quantities Of beef and considerable pork, and conducted an ashery from 1848 to 1864. Often the value of his shipments East considerably exceeded the value of his goods shipped West. He employed six or eight hands in the fall and winter to pack meat. Sometimes for months the ashery was conducted day and light, two sets of hands being employed. An average of about thirty tons of black salts and pearl-ash was manufactured annually. Freeman & Freedy opened a store soon after 1848, and about the same time Ruse & Tharp did likewise. The former firm had about $2,500 worth of goods. Boyd, of Defiance, sent goods to be sold at the village. Bowman & Core opened a store a little later, but finally sold out at auction. Too many stocks of goods were offered for sale from 1850 to 1860, as several failures resulted. Garver Brothers began during the war., and for a number of years conducted a fair business. The brothers were succeeded by Garver & Walker. The population of Centre in 1840 was about 25 ; in 1845 was about 40 ; in 1850 was about 90 or 100, and in 1860 was about 250. This has been, about the population since Centre saw its best days from 1850 to 1865. Rudolph Roth opened a grocery and saloon about 1853 ; he made considerable money. John Manon opened a general store about sixteen years ago, and has continued until the present. Hugh Mills opened his store in 1861, and continued until about five years ago. A. H. Ogle began Measuring tape and calico about six years ago ; and J. M. Shutt brought in a stock of goods in 1881. Charles Agler conducted a saloon a few years, beginning about 1870. James McDowell, in 1848, began manufacturing chairs, tables, stands, and large numbers of coffins. James Ritchie and his brother worked at the cabinet business, and also made quite a number of wagons.

Jacob Dillman built the first saw-mill in Centre in about 1846, and operated the same with steam. It passed to several owners, one of them being James McDowell,'who, in 1866, sold it to Storer & Kittridge. In January, 1867, the mill was burned down, but was rebuilt the same spring. Storer bought Kittridge out in the fall of 1869, and in the spring of 1870 the mill again burned down, but was again soon rebuilt. In October, 1870, Mr. Storer had his left hand, except the thumb, sawed off by an accident. In 1873, W. S. Wilsey purchased an interest in the

mill, but four years later sold out to Storer. The mill in its day has been an excellent one. Mr. Storer has added a shingle machine, a lath machine, a fork, hoe and broom-handle lathe, a planing machine, and a machine for chopping feed for stock. Large numbers of cheese boxes are made at present. Dr. William Hall came to the village in about 1842. After him came Drs. Pope, Ensign, Dunshee, Jenkins, Clark and Shutt. In 1868, Dodge & Young began manufacturing wagons, carriages, buggies, etc., on quite an extensive scale, nine hands being employed, and from $4,000 to $5,000 worth of work being done annually. The sales ran down in 1873, owing to the hard times, and the business was partly abandoned. This, in brief, sums up the past importance of Centre.

Williams Centre Circuit was organized at the Central Ohio Annual Conference, held at Fostoria, Ohio, A. D. 1867, when Rev. Henry Boyers was appointed pastor. It was then in Defiance District, Rev. Elnathen C. Gavitt, Presiding Elder. In 1868, Williams Centre Circuit was placed in Toledo District, and Henry Boyers was returned as pastor. Rev. T. H. Wilson was Presiding Elder in Toledo District at this time: 1869, T. H. Wilson, Presiding Elder, and Rev. J. McKean was appointed pastor. 1870, T. H. Wilson, Presiding Elder ; J. McKean, pastor. 1871, Rev. Leroy A. Belt was appointed Presiding Elder of Toledo District, and O. E. Moore, pastor at Williams Centre. 1872, L. A. Belt, Presiding Elder, and William Littell was appointed pastor. 1873, L. A. Belt, Presiding Elder ; William Littell, pastor. 1874, L A. Belt, Presiding Elder ; William Littell, pastor. 1875, Park S. Donelson was appointed Presiding Elder of Toledo District, and William Littell was returned as pastor of Williams Centre. 1876, P. S. Donelson, Presiding Elder, and David Bowers was appointed pastor. 1877, P. S. Donelson, Presiding Elder, and David Bowers, pastor. 1878, P. S. Donelson, Presiding Elder, and S. L. Biler was appointed pastor, who remained two years. 1879, Wesley G. Waters was appointed Presiding Elder of Toledo District, and Jackson T. Pope as pastor at Williams Centre, who remained two years. 1881, W. G. Waters, Presiding Elder; E. H. Snow was appointed pastor. The first church was erected many years ago. The second one was erected during the first year of Rev. William Littell's pastoratf, 1872. Present membership and officers, fortyttwo, and about sixteen will be added soon. Present pastor, E. H. Snow. The Sunday school has a regular attendance of seventy-five ; present Superintendent, Mrs. Giles H. Tomlinson.

In the month of August, 1869, John Fritch, John Kendall and Jacob Neihart laid out twenty-three lots on the southeast quarter of the northeast quarter of Section 20, and the southwest quarter of the northwest quarter of Section 21, Township 6 north, Range 2 east. The lots were all north of the railroad. In October, 1871, Eden Neer laid out an addition to Melbern, consisting.of 'three lots on the south side of the rail- road, and on the west side of the wagon road. The town came very nearly being called Kansas, but by good luck escaped such a direful fate. It has had, therefore, no grasshoppers nor tornadoes. The house of John Fritch was the first, it having been built many years before. Some years before the lots were laid out, Amos Huffman built the brown house near the church. Dr. John Kendall bought two acres at the village, and became the first Postmaster. The office was in Philip Neihart's old log house south of the railroad. David Lovejoy built an early house, in which he opened a small grocery ; this was about 1866; he became Post-master. William Thomas, Peter Brakeman and Constantine Beals erected early buildings. In about 1871, Mr. Thomas opened a general , stock of goods in town. About three years ago Samuel Benn began merchandising in the same room. William Brown came in some eight or

ten years ago. He is yet in business, and has the largest and best stock of goods in Melbern. Henry Jaques was his partner for a time, but sold out to George Brainer. Alexander McCaskey began selling notions about four years ago. There are in town the usual number of carpenters, blacksmiths, etc. Henry Beck was the third Postmaster, and Alexander McClaskey the fourth and present one. Dr. Kendall was the R. first physician ; Dr. Trutton, 'the second, and Dr. Shutt, the third and last. None reside in town at present. Of course, the town has had its saloons. About the year 1866, Beal & Harris built a steam saw-mill, which they operated about three years", when it was purchased by Brakeman & Son, who yet own and conduct it. It is a good mill. " Centre Grange " was instituted at the Millet Schoolhouse in 1874, by the Deputy Grand Master, and at first was filled to over flowing with members. The first officers were : Master, Theodore Hunt ; Secretary, William Weaver; Treasurer, Samuel Stauffer. Two years after the organization, the lodge built the storehouse in which Mr. Brown's stock of goods is now for sale. The upper story was fitted up for a lodge room, and here the grangers yet assemble to deliberate. The lodge, though not as strong as at first, numbers, at present, about eighty-five members, and meets on Saturday evenings. The members, by united action, have done much to reduce the price of various farming implements. Three or four years ago, George Fox built a cheese factory south of the railroad. He manu-

factures per day, during the warmer months, from six to fifteen cheeses, each weighing from twenty-five to forty pounds.

The first schoolhouse in the vicinity of Melbern was built on the present site of the saw-mill, about the year 1837. It was a small log cabin, with a huge fire-place in one end, which fed a tall chimney built on the outside. The desks were rough boards placed on wooden pins driven in the wall, and the seats were clapboards, with legs made of wooden poles. Old man Barney was the first teacher in this primitive schoolhouse,.receiving his pay by subscription. Mr. Barney was an odd old fellow, with peculiar habits, but he was a good teacher, though his education at this day would be designated mediocre. Mr. Fritch remembers that one night the teacher said " school is dismissed," but suddenly recollecting that he had not called the roll, he told the scholars, who had started up, to take their seats again. Mr. Fritch, then quite a large boy, did not hear the order of dismission countermanded, and kept on toward the door, until suddenly, without warning, the master's long whip came down across him like a sword. No further explanation was necessary, as Fritch saw the point, and went to his seat at a Rarus gait. This house was used about two years, when another log structure was built half a mile south of Melbern. Barney taught here also, as did Thomas Hill. This was used five or six years, when the third one for the neighborhood was erected at the geographical center of the township. A short time before the 'last war, this log building was replaced with a neat frame house, which was used until a few years ago. It is now the township hall. It stands a short distance north of the center, as, when it was built, land at the center could not be obtained, owing to an unsettled estate. William Neavill, Edgar Hubbard, Sarah Washburn and J. B. Kimmell, were early teachers in this neighborhood. It is said that Mr. Kimmell used to punish by tying boys and girls together, and then standing them on the top of seats. Such a procedure would be a source of supreme joy to the average scholars of to-day. The Pool Schoolhouse in the southwastern part was not built until about 1844. It has been replaced by several others. An early log schoolhouse was erected about a mile northwest of Melbern. Log schoolhouses were built in the northern part as early as 1840, and possibly as early as 1&37 or 1838. The Yockey School District had its first log house about 1840. A log school cabin was built at Centre, on the south side of the creek, on the hill, about the year 1838. - Old man Barney, the Yankee, was one of the first teachers. The house was used until about 1844, when a small brick structure was erected at a cost of about $500. It was largely due to the energy of Jacob Dillman

that this house was built. He paid half or two-thirds of the cost himself, and gave out the contract for the manufacture of the brick. The district was taxed to pay for the house ; and this, as stated several pages back, was the cause of the refusal 'of Brown and Phelps to pay the heavy taxes upon their town lots, as the tax soon amounted to nearly as much as the lots were worth. This building was used until a few years before the last war. Religious services were held in it, public assemblages gathered there, and the “old brick" will not soon be forgotten. In about the year 1852, the Maumee Presbytery began the project of .constructing a seminary at the village. The citizens, without regard to religious Convictions, were asked to assist in the cost of constructing the house ; and all did so without seriously thinking that the school was to be strictly denominational. The frame building (now the district schoolhouse), in the western part of the town, was immediately built at a cost of about $2,500. Jacob Dillman gave the land (west of the present site), upon which the house was built, with the understanding that the land was to revert to him in case it was no longer used for school purposes. A thorough Presbyterian organization was effected, the following men being elected Trustees of the Maumee Presbytery : John M. Layman, D. S. Anderson, J. P. P. Stockton, John Kelley, Milo Rockwell and Joseph S. Grim. James Anderson, a man of fine character and culture, was given charge of the school. A fair attendance of scholars was secured, and the seminary began to attract attention. The house was used by the Presbyterian society on Sundays, and the class was under the pastorate of Rev. Mr. Crabb,‘an excellent man, and a very ardent Presbyterian. James Anderson died in about three years, and his brother David was then given charge of the school. As the years advanced, and the rigidly orthodox tenets of the Presbyterian ritual were more or less taught to the assembled scholars, considerable comment and criticism were indulged in by those whose children were in, attendance, and whose religious views were not Presbyterian. Such parents soon found that they had made a mistake in supposing that their children could attend the school without coming within the strong influences of Calvinistic teachings. Matters went on thus for some time, until, at last, such parents kept their children from the school. This led to the downfall and abandonment of the seminary. The land went back to Mr. Dillman, and the house was moved to its present position, and became the property of the district.

When many of the citizens withdrew their children from the Presbyterian school, their feelings of resentment became paramount. While in this disturbed condition they instituted movements for building a high

school structure. The building was designed to cost about $3,000 ; and, in order that not too severe a burden should fall upon any person's shoulders, the amount to be raised was divided into shares of $10 each. Men bought as many shares as their means allowed. Mr. Dillman headed the subscription by taking fifteen shares, and others did nearly as well. The plan, or project, was highly successful, and the house was immediately built. The structure is a large, two-story, frame affair, about 35x50 feet, and school was begun in it immediately; J. H. Omo being the first teacher. This was about the year 1857 or 1858. The sessions were held eight or nine months of the year, and from forty to seventy young ladies and gentlemen were in attendance. The school flourished exceedingly until the war broke out, at which time many of the young men entered the army, and went to Western Virginia for six months, saying that they would return in the fall to be ready for the winter term. They expected, dear reader, to whip the rebels soundly by that time, and avenge the insult offered the old flag. Mr. Sherwood was one of the early teachers. During, or after, the war were Messrs. Chapman, Harris, Zeigler, Greer, Bowersox, Kirk, Irish and Lewis. Many good terms have been taught since the war. The building is at present unoccupied. The ownership of the house and the lots upon which it stands is uncertain, as the associtation was not incorporated, and some technical mistakes were-made in the transfer. The courts will ultimately be called upon to settle the case.

At the time the Presbyterians built the seminary, they organized a class which met to worship in that building. Rev. Crabb was their first pastor. Many of their members lived in Defiance County. The society was disorganized at the time the school stopped. As early as about 1844, the Methodists had formed a small class at Centre, and by 1848 they were strong enough to build a small frame church, about 24x32 feet, at a cost of $400. Among the early members were some of the Dillmans, the Nobles, the Ensigns, the Crockers and the Lloyds. The house was used until a short time before the war, and finally passed to the ownership of G. H. Tomlinson, in whose possession it yet is. Among the early ministers were Revs. Money, Thompson, Lindsey, Ray, Boyer, Miller, Perky, Henderson and Barkdoll. The present Methodist Episcopal Church was erected in 1874. Bishop Kumler organized a United Brethren Society at Centre about the year 1842. The lembers met in schoolhouses and dwellings until about 1856 or 1857,.when they built a frame church at a cost of about $2,800. Of this amount, G. H. Tomlinson gave about $400, and L. Henenway, George Kearns, M. L. Jaques, J. D. Wilsey, Daniel Kaler and Griffin & Britton (the contractors) about $150 each.

Rev. Eugene H. Snow was one of the first ministers. The Universalists had a small organization for a 'short time in the high school building. The Spiritualists erected a small frame temple in the south part of Centre about twenty-five years ago: Here the spirits of the departed were conversed with through mediums. Seances were held, and strange performances were enacted. Believers in this faith met with considerable ridicule and opposition. The Disciples' Church at Centre was built in 1869 and 1870, principally through the efforts of Rev. J. E..Harris, who had organized the society about two years before. Among those who gave the most toward the cost of building the church were the following persons, with the estimated amounts each gave in money and labor : J. E. Harris, $225 ; J. D. Wilsey, $200 ; J. P. Dodge, $300 ; Hugh Mills, $250 ; Isaac Ewan, $315 ; John Lane, $210 ; Reasoner Scott, $150 ; George Miser, $75 ; Jesse Little, $60 ; C. M. Gilbert, $120 ; Colin Tharp, $60 ; J. K. Storer, 860 ; Mary Stenger, $25, and scores of others for smaller amounts. The building committee were Isaac Ewan, George Ferris and Joel P. Dodge. The ministers have been J. E. Harris, J. P. Martin, E. M. Gleason, B. Faraut and T. P. Sutton. The members numbered about forty at. the time the church was built. For the last four or five years, the society has had no regular class. As early as 1837, the Methodists fo4rmed a small class at the residence of Mr. Hill, in the northern part of the township. Among the early members were the Hills, the Pools, the Sufficools, the Shafers and others. This society, though too weak to build a church, has endured until the present day. At present, they meet in the Lutheran Church at Melbern. Among the present members are William Pool, William Monosmith, John Gabriel, J. L. Jordan, Henry Jaques and William Brown. In about 1846, a Lu,theran class was organized at the residence of Jacob Neihart, and for some 'time met in the upper story of his house. Joseph McKean, Jonas Deal, Saniuel Lent, Samuel Deeds, Simon Thomas, Daniel Kreiger and Jacob Thomas were early members. Rev. Butler was the first minister James Gather often came from Indiana and preached for the class. Robert. .Mays was one of the early ministers. The class built the church at Mel.,bern about twenty-five years ago, cost about $600. Other denominations helped build the church, and now use it when it is not occupied by the Lutherans. The Lutheran membership is about thirty. Nineteen new members were united with the church about a year ago.

with him, showed that a fall of about seven feet could be secured ; but the race would have to be of considerable length, and would require the outlay of no small amount of capital, owing largely to the unsettled condition ' of the surrounding country. A man in the employ of Tucker came on,

NO. OF DISTRICT	Section	Acres	Value Census1880
District 1	1	.25	$450
District 2	4	.50	600
District 3	6	.50	200
District 4	17	.50	300
District 6	16	.25	350
District 6	24	.50	650
District 7	26	.26	700
District 8	34	1.00	600
District 9	33	.26	200
District 10	30	.25	300
Centre High School	35	4 lots	1,500
Disciples' Cemetery	1	.80	200
Brown's Cemetery	13	1.00	600
Lutheran Cemetery	16	.53	400
Centre Cemetery	34	Lot 9	300