AND REPRESENTATIVE CITIZENS - 201 in every respect, and is the first of the kind to be established in the city, all work of this character having formerly been sent elsewhere. The building interests and the allied trades connected with the production and handling of lumber, brick, stone, cement and other building material constitute a group of industries representing a large aggregate investment, and giving employment to the efforts of some of the foremost business firms of Lima. First in order, mention will be made of the architects of the city. J. A. CHAPIN has contributed in a large measure to the architecture of the city. Among the buildings that Mr. Chapin has designed in Lima and the surrounding towns during the last 25 years are the Lima House, Holland Block, Black Building, Lima Straw-Board Company's plant and Children's Home. As associate architect with Mr. Packard, of Columbus, Ohio, he aided in designing the new High School Building. Mr. Chapin occupies a handsome suite of offices in the Holland Block. DAWSON & MCLAUGHLIN is a new firm .among the architects of Lima. On January 1, 1905, Mr. Dawson took as a partner Thomas .D. McLaughlin, of this city. Charles Wilmot Dawson is an architect who has received a thorough professional education at Haverford College and the Massachusetts Institute of Technology. After finishing his course at the latter institution he spent a year as a student under the late Henry Van Brunt, ex-president of the American Institute of Architects. Since then he has spent 17 years in the practice of his profession in various parts of the country. Mr. Dawson has been in Lima about five years and has a large number of prominent commercial buildings and residences to his credit. Prominent among these are the Deisel-Wemmer factory, The Moore Brothers Company's warehouse, the Central Building, Renz Block and the residences of J. D. S. Neely, G. E. Bluem, W. K. Boone, F. T. Cuthbert, W. J. Wemmer and Henry G. Wemmer. Mr. Dawson has built up an enviable reputation for intelligent ,design, thoroughness and honesty, besides showing a keen interest in the progress of the city at large and a willingness to do his share of any work for its betterment. Thomas D. McLaughlin came to Lima when a child, and has grown up with the city. He studied three years at Lima College, and three at Hamilton College, Clinton, New York, preparing for a technical course in architecture. On finishing at Hamilton he entered the architectural department of Columbia University, New York City, and took a three-years' course in architecture. For the past six months Mr. McLaughlin has been superintendent of construction for the Buckeye Pipe Line Company at the Cygnet pump station. LEECH & LEECH. This firm of architects is composed of Charles M. and Frank Leech with offices on the third floor of the Badeau Block. Their success has been phenomenal, their business increasing daily until they at present are compelled to employ a large number of assistants to keep pace with their orders. Their business is not confined to Lima, but extends throughout the State and into adjoining States. Leech & Leech rank with the best in the State in their profession and this proud position has been won by hard work and close application to business. They are prepared to execute plans, furnish estimates and supervise structural work of all kinds anywhere. In their home city they rank high in their profession and many buildings in Lima stand as monuments to their architectural skill. B. F. MATTHEWS, the well-known architect of Lima, ranks with the leading exponents of his profession in the State. Mr. Matthews possesses a thorough education and wide experience, coupled with natural talent for the sphere of activity which he so successfully occupies. He is prepared to execute plans, furnish estimates and supervise structural work of every description. Many of Lima's finest dwellings are the result of his skill. MOWEN BROTHERS are one of the leading firms of building contractors in this section of the State. As early as 1865 J. R. Mowen was the leading contractor of Allen County, later forming a partnership with his sons with 202 - HISTORY OF ALLEN COUNTY the firm name of J. R. Mowen & Sons. Later still, Mr. Mowen retired and the two sons, Ed. S. and O. L. Mowen, have since carried on the business. This firm has gained a greater reputation for good work completed in good time than any other in this part of the State and some of the finest structures in the city and county are monuments to this reputation. Among these in Lima are the new High School Building, the shops of the Lima Locomotive & Machine Company, the American Straw-board Company's plant, the Times-Democrat Block, The Moore Brothers Company's wholesale grocery building, Lima College, Pine street and West Spring street ward buildings, the Harper Block, Donze's four business blocks, the Applas Building, Manhattan Hotel and numerous others. In addition to these local structures, there are many big buildings in the surrounding towns, which have been erected under their supervision. SMITH & SHERRICK are one of the largest contracting firms in Lima. Their planing mill and office are located at Nos. 33o-332 South Union street. There has been a rapid growth of the business of this house from year to year since its establishment in 1899, when they began with a small shop 18 by 20 feet, in dimensions. In the year following the business greatly exceeded the expectations of the firm, and the capacity of their quarters being insufficient the mill was enlarged to 4o by 4o feet. In the spring of 1903, all previous records being out-stripped, it again became evident that a still greater capacity was required to handle the business. A large new two-story building, 6o by 64 feet, was then erected which the firm now occupies. At the time of their organization this firm employed only four men. Their business now requires the continual employment of twenty-five. This steady growth has been maintained by reliable business methods of the firm. The establishment is especially equipped to do all grades and styles of interior finish and office work. A. SIMONS. Among the leading manufacturers of brick in Lima, none rank higher or have had the confidence and the trade of the public in a greater degree than A. Simons. His yard and brick kilns are located on the Spencerville road, within easy access, and he is a most agreeable person with whom to have business dealings. SNYDER & KONTZ, the brick manufacturers, have long been noted for the manufacture of the most excellent quality of brick ever manufactured in Northwestern Ohio. The plant is located at the corner of Grand avenue and Metcalf street. Its present capacity is 25,000 brick per day. Their brick have been very largely used in the construction of Lima's handsome hotels, business blocks, factories, residences, etc., which is a convincing proof of the high opinion in which their product is held. F. P. RUSHER LUMBER COMPANY. This company was incorporated under the laws of the State of Illinois, in 1903, succeeding the Rusher & Rossfeld Lumber Company. The company transacts a general lumber business at wholesale and retail, dealing in lumber of every description, including sash, doors, blinds, building material, finish, interior trim, moldings, etc. Their trade is not confined merely to Lima, but extends throughout this section of the State. The offices and yards are situated in an ideal location at Union street and the Pennsylvania Railroad. The company operates its own private tracks, and in extent and equipment its plant is foremost among the lumber dealers of the city. The yards embrace a ground area of 200 by 268 feet, and an immense stock of lumber is constantly on hand. The annual volume of business transacted aggregates $75,000 per year. The manager of the company is F. P. Rusher. Mr. Rusher is a native of Hardin County, and has resided in Lima for six years, during which time he has gained prominence in business circles, and has won the confidence and esteem of the community. He is a practical lumber man, possesses a thorough knowledge of his business and under his management this company has become an important factor in the commercial life of the city and county. LAURENS HULL LUMBER COMPANY. The name of Laurens Hull has been prominently identified with the lumber interest of Lima AND REPRESENTATIVE CITIZENS - 203 and vicinity since 1901, when the firm of Laurens Hull & Company succeeded to the business of T. W. Dobbins & Son. In May, 1904, the company was incorporated with a capital of $150,000 paid in, and the style of firm changed to Laurens Hull Lumber Company, by which it is to-day widely known. The local yards are of large area and are stocked with an immense amount of the choicest lumber of every description, and orders of the greatest magnitude are executed promptly and efficiently. Yards and offices are also maintained in Chicago, Illinois, and Tiffin, Ohio. The annual volume of business transacted aggregates $500,000. The officers of the company are : Gilbert B. Shaw, president ; Laurens Hull, vice-president. Mr. Hull has been a resident of this city since 1901, and is regarded as an excellent business man and representative citizen. THE SOUTH SIDE LUMBER YARD. This is one of the most substantial firms of the city. It was incorporated in 1903 and in September, 1904, the business was bought by Joshua Raudabaugh. The grounds are 240 by 165 feet, located in Central avenue and First street adjoining the C. & E. Railroad. Mr. Raudabaugh handles the best grade of lumber of all kinds ; also sash, doors and finished lumber. Everything is kept in perfect order, all .under cover and so arranged that any particular kind of lumber can be found without a moment 0f time lost in searching for it. Other lumber dealers are : Harry S. Moulton, No. 340 East High street ; Theo. Feist, No. 316 East Market street. PUGH STONE COMPANY. Lima has long been noted for the pr0ducti0n of a fine quality of building and crushed stone, and in this connection it may be said that the Pugh Stone Company stands without a rival in this section of the State. For many years this company has been an important factor in the business life of the city, and to-day it is better equipped and more solidly established than at any time in its long and successful career. The well known Pugh quarries are located in the eastern part of the city, with offices at No. 925 East North street. Their high-grade product has won great favor among the architects and building contractors throughout this part of Ohio, and their heavy wagons are a familiar sight on the streets of our city. The stone enters largely into all kinds of structural work, a specialty being made of stone for concrete purposes. No better concrete stone can be found anywhere. The members of the company are among our well-known and substantial citizens. Charles Pugh, the manager, is known as an energetic and reliable business man. CONSUMERS' FUEL, BUILDING & SUPPLY COMPANY. This is one of the most active firms in the city and one which commands the full confidence of the public. They are extensive dealers, both at wholesale and retail, in all the best grades of hard and soft coal and wood, being 0ne of the largest dealers in these commodities in the city. They carry at all times a full stock of the celebrated Lehigh Valley hard coal in all sizes, the best No. 2 vein Jackson, Hocking Valley, Massilon, West Virginia and Pocahontas soft coal and other brands. The company carries the best in fuel as well as builders' and contractors' supplies, such as lime, sand, cement, sewer-pipe, plaster, etc. The manager, J. W. Shanahan, is an enterprising business man and one of Lima's most valued citizens. The offices and yards are at the corner of Vine street and the C., H. & D. and L., E. & W. railroads. The officers are : Joel Spyker, president; Charles C. Miller, secretary and treasurer ; and Seymour D. Evans, vice-president. THE CRYSTAL ICE & COAL COMPANY was organized in 1900. The officers are : U. M. Shappell, president ; W. S. Ayers, vice-president ; William H. Duffield, treasurer ; J. A. Dutton, secretary ; W. B. Craig, manager. They carry B00 tons of coal in stock, and are exclusive agents for old Lee anthracite, besides handling the leading grades of soft coal. The capacity of their ice plant is 25 tons per day, the ice being made from distilled water. FIDELITY COAL & SUPPLY COMPANY. This company is one of the largest in Allen County, and handles annually a larger supply of coal than any other company in Lima. It is located 204 - HISTORY OF ALLEN COUNTY on East High street, east of the C. H. & D. and L., E. & W. railroads. It was organized in 1899 by F. W. Holmes, W. L. McKenzie and E. C. McKenzie. The company handles, in addition to a large variety of coal, sewer-pipe, plaster, cement, fire-clay, and a full line of building material. Other coal companies are as follows : Hiner Coal & Supply Company, No. 333 East Market street ; Abraham Harsh, No. 414 North Main street ; Central Coal Company, No. 521 South Central avenue; W. J. Ferguson, Nos. 314-316 East High street ; F. W. Drake, No. 458 South Main street; Walter P. Bloom, South Central avenue ; W. H. Christy Fuel Company, No. 7 Times-Democrat Building; Conrath, Littler & Company, No. 229 East Kibby street and the Watson Cement & Coal Company, along the C., H. & D. railway near the gas works. M. THOMAS & SONS. One of the enterprises making Lima its home, and one which is known throughout the Eastern and Central States, equal to any similar firm in the country, is that of M. Thomas & Sons, shippers and commission merchants, who annually sell thousands of pounds of butter, millions of eggs and poultry in car-load lots to markets throughout the United States. This concern, established in 1866, one of the largest of its kind in the State, is located at Nos. 229-231 South Central avenue, while the eastern offices of the company are at Nos. 103-105 South Market street, Boston, Massachusetts. In addition to the main plant in this city, branch houses are located at Leipsic, Bluffton and Sidney, buyers for M. Thomas & Sons regularly covering the territory. BELL SUPPLY COMPANY. Among the jobbing and wholesale houses of Lima which have gained renown in the past few years none has excelled the record made by the Bell Supply Company. The company is located in Rooms 200-201-202 Opera House Block. Established in February, 1900, it has enjoyed five years of uninterrupted prosperity and progression. They now cover a radius of 50 miles in supplying the trade in other cities and counties with photographers', jewelers', opticians' and dental supplies, in addition to doing a large local business. As retail dealers in cameras and photographic supplies, they are headquarters for the Eastman "Kodaks." In the staple lines the firm handles Hammel, Riglander & Company's wares in jewelers' and opticians' supplies ; Johnson & Lund's dental supplies ; Taprell, Loomis & Company's photographic cards. In caring for its large trade, in addition to its offices and sales rooms, the firm has two large stock rooms on the fifth floor of the Opera House Block. S. A. BAXTER & SONS. Dr. Samuel A. Baxter is one of the best known men in Lima —a typical type of the high-minded American, a gentleman, a scholar and a business man of worth. Dr. Baxter with his sons is now engaged in private banking, or investments, and as such counselors no firm in the city could be more highly regarded. Dr. Baxter would not advise an investment unless he knew it to be good, safe and deserving and his clientage speak of him in the highest praise. His sons have been raised as bankers and know all the ins and outs of the financial world. The offices of S. A. Baxter & Sons are located in Suite 406, Opera House Block. KEMMER & COMPANY is one of the oldest and best known insurance firms doing business in this section of the State. C. G. Kemmer was born in Lima 51 years ago, and has always resided in this city. He received a common-school education, and early in life was apprenticed to the machinist's trade, continuing in this occupation for 15 years. In 1882 he formed a partnership with his brother, the firm doing a general insurance business under the style of O. F. Kemmer & Company. This amalgamation was successfully continued until 1893 when O. F. Kemmer met death in a railroad accident at Grand Rapids, Michigan, while acting as general agent and adjuster for the Cooper Insurance Company, of Dayton. C. G. Kemmer then assumed the entire ownership of the business, which has since been known under its present title. Kemmer & Company represent 17 insurance companies, embracing fire, plate glass, accident, life and tornado, all of which are old-line American AND REPRESENTATIVE CITIZENS - 205 institutions. This agency, by reason of the permanency of its standing and its long and honorable career, may be regarded as one of the city's representative commercial enterprises. Other insurance agencies are : E. D. Wallace & Son, O'Connor & Son, P. A. Kahle, James El Lowery, William McComb, Jr., George W. Harrison, W. T. McHenry, J. 0. Ohler, A. Young & Company, W. H. Stephens, Rogers & Eckhardt and J. H. Phillips. PUBLIC UTILITY CORPORATIONS. THE LIMA TELEPHONE & TELEGRAPH COMPANY is a splendid example of a progressively and rightly managed public utility, and it furnishes to the people of Lima a service that is not excelled by any community in the country. The company has installed the first and only underground system of wires in Lima, as well as the latest type of lamp signals, multiple switchboard, and a full copper metallic system of wires, making it one of the most complete plants in the country. The equipment is of the most approved style and of a permanent nature, the purpose of the company being to conduct for all time the business of giving to this city the best possible system of telephone service. The number of subscribers of the directory aggregate 2,200. The company occupies the entire third floor of the Harper Block, and in connection with the United States Long Distance Telephone Company affords its patrons service with over 200,000 subscribers in more than 668 exchanges and nearly 1,500 toll stations in Ohio, also connecting with long distance lines in adjoining States. The officers of the company are : Davis J. Cable, president ; W. H. Duffield, treasurer ; C. H. Cory, C. F. Stolzenbach, J. R. Sinclair, George W. Beers, J. B. and A.. W. Hoge and Gustav Hirsch, directors, and George H. Metheany, secretary and general manager. THE LIMA GAS LIGHT COMPANY and LIMA NATURAL GAS COMPANY. These companies are splendid examples of how private corporations can utilize those resources de- rived from the public and so manage and operate an industry as to not only hold the good. will of the public but also give the service and. supply the goods at a most reasonable price.. The Natural Gas Company has succeeded in piping gas from the fields of Southeastern Ohio, especially Licking County, and thus, Lima is assured of a plentiful supply of this commodity for perhaps the next 20 years. For the past few years the supply has been wholly inadequate, and thus the assurance that this inadequacy will give way to plentitude for many years to come has caused universal satisfaction. No large industry has played a more important part in the up-building of the city than The Lima Gas Light Company. It has steadily kept pace with the growth of the community, extending its mains promptly when occasion requires, and recognizing at all times that the interests of the people are identical with its own. The officers are : J. Murdock, president; J. D. S. Neely, vice-president; S. E. Mulholland, secretary and treasurer ; Samuel T. Murdock, general manager. HOTELS. Lima's hotel accommodations compare favorably with those of any city in the Middle West. In addition to the several strictly first-class commercial hostelries, there are numerous cafes and places of like character, which afford excellent service. This city is justly popular with the traveling public, a condition largely attained through the superiority of its hotels. Sketches of our principal establishments in this branch of commercial activity are subjoined : In the Lima House, this city possesses a hotel which ranks with the leading commercial hostelries of the great Middle West. Ably managed and conducted along modern lines, this house stands as a monument to the energy and ability of its managers, and as an architectural adornment to the city as well. The proprietors are J. P. King and R. S. Gray, both well-known business men. The building is of beautiful perspective, the scheme of interior arrangement and equip- 206 - HISTORY OF ALLEN COUNTY went pleasing and effective, and the service unsurpassed. The Hotel Norval is capable of characterization as one of the finest hostelries in the State. It was built five years ago by J. C. Linneman, its construction and equipment costing $115,000. Mr. Linneman conducted the house until April, 1904, when he was succeeded by C. F. and J. J. Dow. On January 16, 1906, C. E. Dyer, formerly of the Wagner House, Sidney, Ohio, became proprietor. The Norval, in many respects, has no peer in Ohio. It is absolutely fire-proof and contains 105 rooms, heated by steam, lighted by electricity, richly furnished, and equipped with telephones and hot and cold water. In connection is a first-class buffet. Other hotels in Lima are : The Harrod House, The New Hoffman, The Manhattan, The Colonial, The Crescent, The Empire, The Werlin and Hotel French, all doing an excellent business. CHAPTER XI BANKS AND BANKING The Bank in History — United States Land Office—Leighton, Hurd & Jacobs—National Deposit Bank—Exchange Bank—Davis Bank—The City Bank—The Citizens' Bank—The Well-Known First National Bank—Goldsmith & Kalb's Bank—The Metropolitan Bank—The Ohio National Bank—The Commercial Bank, Founded by Dr. S: A. Baxter—The Allen County Building & Loan Association — The Citizens' Loan & Building Company, The Lima Home & Savings Association—The South Side Building & Loan Association—The Lima Trust Company—The Bank of Lima. THE BANK IN HISTORY. The word "bank" is of Greek origin. In that language it means a bench or table for changing money. The word "bankrupt" is of Italian origin, as in Florence the term Banca .Rotta meant "broken bench," hence a bankrupt had his bench broken. The first bankers sat behind a little bench on the open street with their money piled upon the bench in front of them. This was their "bank," and when their money was lost, then their bench was said to be broken from which comes our term "bankrupt." There are three great functions which the bank of to-day performs, viz., the receipt of deposits, the making of discounts, and the issue of notes. For the last named, a charter is geneally granted at the present time, though in earlier days, and especially in England, private banks and banking firms could issue notes. It is possible, however, to group all the duties of the bank under two heads—lenders and borrowers. Their loanable funds consist of their own capital, and that of their depositors. Their profits arise from the payment to them of interest on loans. The origin of banking goes back to the most remote antiquity. The modern banker is generally a dealer in credit, while in ancient times he was a mere custodian of other people's money, and a buyer and dealer of foreign moneys. The first credit instrument handled by the early bankers appears to have been a bill of exchange. The historians find, by aid of the explorers, the bill of exchange in use in Assyria, thousands of years before the birth of Christ. The same was true in Athens and Rome, though not quite so early as in Assyria. The profits in those early days seem to have come almost entirely from commissions upon deposits. Livy first mentions (B. C. 350) this system in banking and it is frequently referred to in Latin literature of a later time. The great insecurity of all kinds of property during the Middle Ages almost destroyed the system of banking. In fact it was reduced to that of mere money changing. The rise of modern banking, however, dates from the establishment in Venice of the Banco di Rialto in 1587. In 1619 this great bank was absorbed by the Banco del Giro. So strong did this latter bank become that it was relied upon as the main support of the government, and we have a record that it loaned the government of Venice 500,000 ducats at one 208 - HISTORY OF ALLEN COUNTY time. So well were its affairs managed that for 100 years or more this Bank of Venice, as it was called, was enabled to hold all its credits at a premium, until 1805, when its affairs were liquidated under a decree of Napoleon. In Amsterdam and Hamburg there were great banks established in the same century as the Banco del Giro in Venice, and they were of great importance in the up-building of these great cities among the commercial affairs of the world. By excessive loans to the Dutch East India Company, the Bank of Amsterdam was obliged to close its doors in 1819 by a royal decree. In the 18th century, the two characteristics of modern banking—the issue of notes not covered by coin, and the granting of deposit accounts upon the mere credit of borrowers—were evolved, and this forms a part of the banking system of to-day. In China, bank notes, such as are known to the modern banking system in America, were more or less familiar for 12 centuries, but in Europe the use of bank notes dates only from 1661, when the Bank of Sweden issued notes to avoid the transfer of copper coin. The world is more or less familiar with the Bank of England, established at the close of the 17th century. This great banking institution, perhaps the greatest in the world, was established by a Scotchman, and more than once has it saved not only the credit, but the real life of England. It is familiarly known as "the old lady of Thread Needle Street." The Bank of Scotland was not established until shortly after the Bank of England, but it received privileges from the English government, similar to those possessed by the Bank of England. In America, the words "Wall Street" carry with them a financial significance, recognized in every corner of the world. It was formerly said that "when the old lady of Thread Needle Street took snuff, Wall Street sneezed." This is not true at the present time. Wall Street stands alone, and the money interest of the United States is on a par with the greatest nations of the world. No civilized country can make advancement without a bank. When conservatively managed, it is a blessing not only to its immediate community, but to the world of advancement at large, and in Allen County it may safely be said that the financial interests are well managed, and of liberal, patriotic usefulness, when needed for the advancement of the county. No disastrous failures have marked the progress of banking in Allen County. True, there have been ripples upon the surface, but the great tide of increasing wealth and the blessings of prosperity have in no way been checked or turned aside by bad financial man agement. The following accounts of the banks of Lima and of the building and loan associations will be of interest to every citizen of the county. In 1834 the United States Land Office was removed from Wapakoneta to Lima, and this-served as the first banking institution of the place. Later the store of King & Company kept large amounts of money on hand and would cash the checks issued by King & Day in payment for the wheat and other products-sold at their warehouse on North Main street. The Leighton, Hurd & Jacobs bank was established in the early '50's. It was a modest concern conducted in a one-story building-south of the old Court House. Later it was in the hands of Hurd & Jacobs and went out of business about 1859. The National Deposit Bank was established in the corner room of the Lima House: under the direction of Shelby Taylor, Benja min C. Faurot and George H. Hackedorn. This in 1867 became the Allen County Bank and in the early '70's the location was changed. to the corner room in the Langan Block. This bank was again changed to the Lima National. Bank and for many years was one of the leading financial institutions of the State. The Exchange Bank was started after the war by N. Tucker. This was succeeded by the Farmers' Savings Bank with J. B. Roberts as president and N. Tucker as cashier. The directors were Fred Rost, R. Metheany, J. B. Roberts, N. Tucker, G. Day, J. Collett, Theo.. Mayo, M. Lones, George Ward and J. R.. Hughes. AND REPRESENTATIVE CITIZENS - 209 The Davis bank was an individual bank started after the war and conducted until the death of Mr. Davis, when it was bought and conducted by Baxter Brothers & Company, under the name of The City Bank of Lima, which name it has since retained. It was purchased by Thornton T. Mitchell, who has been its president for some 30 years. E. B. Mitchell is cashier and E. T. Mitchell the assistant cashier. The Citizens Bank of Lima was opened for business in the corner room of the Lima House with Shelby Taylor as cashier. In 1872 it was changed to the First National Bank, which is to-day the oldest financial institution in the city. The leading spirit in its organization was the late United States Senator Calvin S. Brice, who remained an officer and director until his death. The stockholders are representative men of the city and vicinity. The capital stock is $100,000, and the shares are $100 each. The equipment of the bank is of the highest order. It has a "Corliss" cannon-ball safe weighing eight tons and has never been burglarized. Safety deposit boxes are carried free 0f charge to patrons. All told, the bank is one of the most handsomely appointed in Northern Ohio. It is located on the northwest corner of Main street and the Square. It is a prosperous and flourishing bank, enjoying the entire good will of a thrifty and wealthy business community. The present efficient management of the institution is as follows : Directors—W. B. Richie, E. Christen, J. Oscar Hover, William M. Melville, S. S. Wheeler, C. D. Crites, Theodore D. Robb and Dr. R. E. Jones, of Gomer, Ohio ; president, Theodore D. Robb ; vice-president, W. B. Richie ; cashier and manager, D. Morris ; assistant cashier, F. C. Cunningham ; receiving teller, A. M. Churchill; general bookkeeper, H. 0. Jones; under bookkeeper, Eugene Christen. Goldsmith & Kalb's bank was established in July, 1894. This in 1898 was converted into the American National Bank, which liquidated and was succeeded by the Bank of Lima. This again liquidated and was succeeded by Kalb & Thrift's bank, which in 1900 sold out to the Ohio National Bank. The Metropolitan Bank while not the oldest banking concern in the city is one of the most progressive and has become fully established in the good graces of the people of Lima. Its business methods are such as to commend it entirely to the public and the growing business is an ample evidence that the people appreciate courteous treatment. This bank was chartered in January, 1890, with $50,000 capital stock, and began business. in June of that year. The bank does a general commercial and savings business. It has always occupied its present location in the Metropolitan Block, third door from North street fronting on Main. The officers are Robert Mehaffey, president ; Thomas Duffield, vice-president; William H. Duffield, cashier; and G. E. Mehaffey, assistant cashier. The directors. are : Robert Mehaffey, Thomas Duffield, C. H. Cory, C. E. Losee, J. O. Ohler, Levi Hetrick and O. B. Selfridge. The Ohio National Bank, one of the thorough-going and substantial concerns of the-city, began business about 1888 in the building located on the northwest corner of the Public. Square and Market street. In 190o it moved to its present quarters in the Opera House-Block. Its capital and surplus is $180,000. The officers are : J. C. Thompson, president ; Dr. Frank Ewing, vice-president ; L. H. Kibby, cashier ; and A. C. Feltz, assistant cashier. The directors are : B. F. Thomas, J. R. Sinclair, J. C. Thompson, H. M. Colvin, Dr. F. Ewing, F. E. Harman, H. A. Holdridge, L. H. Kibby and F. W. Holmes. The Commercial Bank first opened for-business on April 1, 1895, in the west room of the Lima Club building. A few years ago it was moved to its present quarters at No. 141 North Main street. The founder and first president was Dr. S. A. Baxter, who was for many years president of the First National Bank of Lima and for more than 3o years has. been in the banking business. The Commercial is a private bank and does a general banking business, giving special attention to invest- 210 - HISTORY OF ALLEN COUNTY ment securities. On November 19, 1904, the bank was sold to the present management. The officers are : I. T. Moore, president ; Henry Moore, cashier, and Clem S. Baxter, assistant cashier. The Allen County Building & Loan Association was organized November 24, 1897, and has an authorized capital of $1,500,000. It is incorporated under the laws of the State of Ohio. The business methods followed by this company, which is located on the northeast corner of High and Elizabeth streets, make possible many real estate deals and much building and repairing work that go a long way toward giving Lima an air of prosperity and an appearance of beauty. This association was organized for the purpose of raising money (on which dividends or interest is paid), to be loaned among the members and depositors for use in buying lots, building and repairing houses and for such other purposes as come in the avenues of legitimate business. The business is not confined to Lima alone, but as the name indicates is operated throughout Allen County. The officers are as follows : Charles F. Stolzenbach, president ; John W. Shanahan, vice-president; John W. Roby, attorney ; Charles E. Lynch, secretary ; Stephen M. Churchill, treasurer. The directors. are : John Crumrine, F. A. Holland, John W. Roby, J. W. Shanahan, Dr. D. H. Sullivan, H. G. Wemmer and C. F. Stolzenbach. The Citizens' Loan & Building Company was organized in March, 1882, by George Feltz. Its assets for the year ending 1905 were $800,000 and a dividend of 6 per cent was declared for the year. The officers are as follow : Owen Francis, president ; Louis Koch, vice-president ; L. A. Feltz, secretary ; George Klein, treasurer ; Prophet & Eastman, solicitors. The directors are: Owen Francis, George Feltz, Louis Koch, John Herbst, James Donahue, Philip Walther, George Klein, W. T. Agerter and Robert Edmunds. The Lima Home & Savings Association was incorporated under the laws of the State of Ohio on the 26th of September, 1887. Borrowers and depositors in this association each receive a semi-annual dividend. The borrow ers receive a dividend on the amount they have paid on the 'principal and the depositors on the total amount they have deposited with the association. Its office is located in the Masonic Building, the second door west of the main entrance. The officers are as follows : Directors—W. K. Boone, C. H. Cory, William Melville, Joseph Potter, Ira P. Games and T. C. Calvert ; treasurer, L. H. Kibby ; secretary, C. F. Sprague. The South Side Building & Loan Association is one of the leading institutions of the kind in Lima and Allen County. It makes loans on real estate only, assists in the purchase of property and furnishes part of the money required for building purposes. It makes 6 per cent dividends on savings accounts. Money due members can be withdrawn generally on call and in large amounts on notice properly given. The capital stock is $2,500,000. The organization of this company was effected on August 2, 1888, with Charles M. Hughes, F. W. Holmes, C. M. Hughes, Jr., W. L. Porter and W. H. Lamberton as subscribers to the articles of incorporation. The articles were approved by Secretary of State J. S. Robinson on August 21, 1888, and a month later the organization was perfected with C. M. Hughes, president ; F. Thompson, vice-president; J. Moser, secretary; C. M. Hughes, Jr., treasurer, and W. L. Mackenzie, solicitor. The officers at the present time are : Theodore D. Robb, president; F. Thompson, vice-president; J. Moser, secretary ; F. C. Cunningham, treasurer ; W: L. Mackenzie, solicitor ; Mabel Mackenzie, assistant secretary ; A. W. Dennan, assistant secretary ; Frank Scott, assistant at Bluffton, Ohio; and W. L. Mackenzie, R. C. Beck and H. H. Heman, appraisers. The Lima Trust Company, a banking institution in the fullest sense of the word, embracing as it does commercial, savings and trust features, opened its doors for business May 11, 1903. In the two years of its existence it has stepped to the very front rank of banks in Lima and commands the fullest confidence of the public. The officers are : John D. S. Neely, president ; E. R. Curtin and J. O. AND REPRESENTATIVE CITIZENS - 211 Hover, vice presidents ; C. H. East, secretary and treasurer. The directorate, in addition to the above named, includes : Davis J. Cable, R. W. Argue, Jacob Piper, E. J. Maire, M. P. Colt, J. B. Kerr, D. B. Morris, H. G. Wemmer, R. O. Bigley, J. R. Sinclair and G. E. Bluem. All are men of standing and influence in the community and the very best guarantee that the business entrusted to The Lima Trust Company will be carefully and judiciously handled. On January 2, 1905, a branch was opened at No. 716 South Main street. This branch is meeting with unqualified success and has, as it deserves, the absolute confidence of all, being under the direct supervision of the above-named officers and directors. Perhaps nothing will more fully demonstrate the standing of The Lima Trust Company than the fact that it has recently been made the depository of the county funds. The Bank of Lima, under the management of W. L. Russell, was formally opened to the public on January 1, 1906, and added another valuable banking institution to our city. It transacts a general banking busi ness, buys and sells exchange, issues letters of credit available in all parts of the world, loans money on real estate and mortgages, as well as on approved collaterals, buys and sells government, railroad and municipal bonds and makes collections on all points. It acts as trustee, register and transfer agents for corporations, manages and cares for estates, oil properties and business interests of any kind. The high financial standing and business ability of its manager is a sufficient guarantee that the new institution will be conducted on the best lines of commercial integrity. The bank is located at No. 107 West High street, opposite the Postoffice. The banks of Lima are strong, safe and conducted upon the most approved plans of modern financial science. They are steadily increasing in strength and are among the most eloquent witnesses of the stability and prosperity of the city's growth. The county has a number of other banks. of solid financial worth, doing an important business, an account of which will be found in the history of the towns in which they are located. CHAPTER XII BENCH AND BAR Introduction—Lawyers of "Ye Olden Times"—Their Fun and Their Work—John C. Spink —David A. Colerick and Others—"Good Count Coffinberry"—Patrick G. Goode, Distinguished Lawyer, Preacher, Congressman and Citizen—Emery D. Potter, Lawyer and Postmaster—J. M. May, the "Nestor" of the Bar—Hamilton Davison—Mathias H. Nichols, Brilliant Lawyer, Scholar and Statesman—Col. Lester Bliss, Legislator and Soldier—Ben jamin F. Metcalf, Allen County's Noted Judge of the Early Days—Thomas M. Robb, Able Lawyer, Editor and Mayor—James Mackenzie, Distinguished Judge, Noted Scholar and Patriotic Citizen—Isaiah S. Pillars, Legislator, Lawyer, Jurist and Ohio's Distinguished Attorney General—Theodore E. Cunningham, Historian, Lawyer and Friend of the Common People—Charles N. Lamison, Brilliant Lawyer, Statesman, Soldier and Jurist, and Orator of the Old School—Charles M. Hughes, Jurist, Soldier and Distinguished Citizen—Jacob S. Conklin, Brilliant Scholar, Successful Lawyer, Conversationalist and Judge—James Savage Daniels, Pioneer Lawyer and County Commissioner—Allen County's Three Court Houses—The Bar of To-Day—A Long List of Well-Educated, Successful and Brilliant Men—The Allen County Law Library. THE MAJESTY OF THE LAW. The law has long been regarded as one of the learned professions. To fully understand .and follow its intricate channels, explain its obscure provisions, and maintain its majesty, all the learning and integrity of the best men of the ages are required. Only when the highest scholarship is coupled with integrity and energy, do we see the ideal lawyer. Every principal of civilized life, and therefore of progress, is based upon the majority of the law. The majesty of the law can only be maintained by the integrity of judge and jury, and the faithfulness of the advocate. Honesty is no more a jewel in any profession than in the law. The widow's mite and the vast estate of the millionaire, the reward of virtue and the punishment of vice, alike depend upon honesty in the execution of the law. Well has the blind goddess of justice been chosen as her symbol. The reply of Justice Gray, of the Supreme Court of Massachusetts, to the young lawyer is significant : The young attorney had won the case of his poor client in his home courts, and won it upon its merit. The case was appealed to the Supreme Court of the State, and when the young lawyer arrived upon the scene he learned that the opposition, with wealth at their command, had employed no less distinguished talent than Hon. Benjamin F. Butler. The young man asked a postponement until his client could get equally as strong counsel. AND REPRESENTATIVE CITIZENS - 213 Justice Gray replied : "Young man, go on with your case. If you have justice on your .side, you and I can beat all the lawyers in Massachusetts." Human liberty depends upon the maintenance of law, and he who seeks to degrade the law seeks to endanger life, liberty and happiness. Wendell Phillips, the world's most eloquent advocate of human rights, and defender of the majesty of law, thus blasts the reputation of Rufus Choate, in his great fraternity lecture on "Idols," delivered in Boston, October 4, 1859: "Suppose we stood in that lofty temple of jurisprudence, on either side of us the statutes of the great lawyers of every age and clime, and let us see what part New England—Puritan, educated, free New England—would bear in the pageant. Rome points to a colossal figure and says, 'That is Papinian, who, when the Emperor Caracalla murdered his own brother, and ordered the lawyer to defend the deed, went cheerfully to death rather than sully his lips with the atrocious plea; and that is Ulpian, who, aiding his prince to put the army below the law, was massacred at the foot of a weak, but virtuous throne.' "And France stretches forth her grateful hands, crying, 'That is D'Aguesseau, worthy, when he went to face an enraged king, of the farewell his wife addressed him—"Go ! forget that you have a wife and children to ruin, and remember only that you have France to save." ' "England says, 'That is Coke, who flung the laurels of eighty years in the face of the first Stuart, in defense of the people. This is Selden, on every book of whose library you saw written the motto of which he lived worthy, "Before everything, Liberty!" That is Mansfield, silver-tongued, who proclaimed, "Slaves cannot breathe in England ; if their lungs Receive our air, that moment they are free." " 'This is Romilly, who spent, his life trying, to make law synonymous with justice, and succeeded in making life and property safer in every city of the empire. And that is Erskine, whose eloquence, spite of Lord Eldon and George III., made it safe to speak and to print.' "Then England shouts, 'This is Choate, who made it safe to murder; and of whose health thieves asked before they began to steal.' " LAWYERS OF "YE OLDEN TIMES." In the early days of the administration of justice, there was not such a rush of business that pleasure was entirely crowded out. Most of the legal lights of those days had some accomplishments, in addition to their silver-tongued eloquence at the bar, and the hours when out of court were whiled away with "quip and quirk and wanton wile." John C. Spink, of Wooster, was known as a great wag, as well as a fiddler of no mean ability. M. V. Way, of Perrysburg, and James G. Haley, an Irishman, added to the enjoyment of their colleagues. James Purdy, of Mansfield, is another early visitor to this circuit. Judge Hall was the wit of the early bar and could don the cap and bells with as much ease as he did the ermine. Judge Potter was the songster and shone when warbling such ditties as "Lord Lovel" and "Rosin the Bow.". Andrew Coffinberry was a great violinist. Among the disciples of Blackstone belonging here we find the names of David A. Colerick, Henry Cooper, Charles Johnson, Lucien P. Ferry, John H. Morrison, Judge Ewing, Judge Price, William H. West, Judge Walden, Lawyer Coombs, Judge John Morris, Henry Reed, H. L. Hosmer, E. Allen, Henry Bennett, S. B. Campbell, Judge Tilden, General Hill, Moses B. Corwin, Jacob S. Conklin, John A. Corwin, Joseph S. Updegraff, John McSweeney and James M. Coffinberry. Probably the most widely known of all the early members of the bar was Andrew Coffin-berry, a native Virginian, who came with his parents to Ohio in 1806. He was noted for his exquisite neatness in dress, and his refined manners. Because of his resemblance to Count Puffendorf, and his exceeding kindness to the younger and less experienced members of the bar, he obtained the sobriquet of "Good Count Coffinberry," and "Count" Coffinberry is well known where Andrew has never been heard of. 214 - HISTORY OF ALLEN COUNTY His circuit extended from Mansfield to Lake Erie, and west to the Indiana and Michigan State lines. This circuit was made on horseback and took weeks for its accomplishment. Mr. Coffinberry practiced continually from the time of his admittance to the bar in 1813, to within a few days of his death, which occurred May 11, 1856, making almost half a century of the law. A man of rare endowments and marked characteristics, he left a lasting impress on his age. His son, James M. Coffinberry, also practiced in our courts, and was a worthy son of his illustrious father. Patrick Gaines Goode, lawyer, Congressman, and Methodist preacher, was born in Charlotte County, Virginia, May 1o, 1793, and died October 7, 1862. He was named for Patrick Henry, who was a friend of his father. His father, Warren Goode, emigrated to Warren County, Ohio, eight miles south of Xenia, in 1805. He purchased land here, but in 1814 he moved to Xenia for the purpose of educating his family. Patrick worked on the farm until he was 16 years old, when he left it with regret. He commenced his education with Professor Espy, who conducted a classical school at Xenia; he remained at the Professor's academy nearly three years, when Professor Espy moved to Philadelphia. Young Goode accompanied him and in the new institution acted as pupil and tutor. After remaining two years in Philadelphia, he removed to Lebanon, Warren County, where he commenced the study of the law under Judge Collett. At the age of 23 he was admitted to the bar at Lebanon. This was the strongest bar in the State, composed of Thomas Corwin, Judge Collett and others equally great. In 1828 he removed to Sidney, where he taught school for a time, as there was little opportunity for law business. In 1832, he was appointed State Sabbath-school agent, to travel in Shelby and the counties north of it for the purpose of establishing Sunday-schools. To this work he devoted himself with assiduity, and won the lasting friendship of all with whom he came in contact. He was prosecuting attorney of the Lima district in 1833. In the same year he was elected to the Lower House of the Legislature from the counties of Darke, Shelby and the then other organized counties to Lake Erie and was re-elected the next year. He was a candidate for the Senate in 1835, but there having been some trouble over the office he declined it. The next year he was elected by a large majority to Congress in the district extending from Dayton to Toledo. He was reelected in 1838 and 1840 and until the territory was redistricted, when he declined being a candidate. While a Member of Congress he labored unceasingly for his constituents, and is said to have done more for the improvement of the Maumee Valley than any other person. In 1844 he was elected presiding judge of the 16th Judicial Circuit, composed of Allen, Shelby, Mercer, Hardin, Hancock, Putnam, Pauld ing, Van Wert and Williams counties. To these Defiance County was afterward added. This position he held for seven years or until the district was remodeled. After this he con tinued at the bar but a few years, becoming in 1857 a Methodist minister. In 1862 he overworked himself at a conference held at Greenville, and returning home died two weeks afterward. Judge Goode on July 3, 1822, married Mary Whiteman, of Greene County. Two children are living : Mrs. Catherine McCullough, of Sidney, and Benjamin W. Goode, of Franklin, Ohio. James Goode was a fine classical scholar and a great lover of books, not restricting himself to the purchase of law books only, but extending his researches into other fields. He gained the favor of court and jury by his candor and his singularly persuasive and winning manner of address. He possessed an uncommon knowledge of human nature, and his early and thorough training in jurisprudence, coupled with this quality, made him one of the most successful lawyers of his time. He was as lawyer, legislator or preacher the best in his particular line. Whatever he did, he did with his whole mind and gave it his undivided at- AND REPRESENTATIVE CITIZENS - 215 tention. Judge Goode's old home in Sidney is the site to-day of the beautiful home, "Whitby Place," of W. H. C. Goode (of the Sidney Steel Scraper Company), one of Sidney's most honored citizens. Emery D. Potter was born in Providence, Rhode Island. When two years old he was taken by his parents to Otsego County, New York. He studied law in the office of John A. Dix and Albert Cook, Jr., at Cooperstown and was admitted to practice in the Supreme Court of the State two years afterward. In 1835 he moved to Toledo, at which place he was appointed postmaster, the second man to hold that office in the town. After finishing his term as postmaster, he was appointed judge of the 13th Judicial District. In 1843 he was elected to Congress as a Democrat from a strong Whig district by a large majority. He remained through that Congress, closely attentive to his duty and quickly making himself a leader. He was one of the select committee charged with the duty of devising a plan to carry into effect the will of Mr. Smithson who founded the Smithsonian Institution. In 1845 he was chosen mayor of Toledo, a position he held three successive terms. From his youth he was a great lover of field sports, and is said to have killed more deer than any other man of his time in the State. He retired in 1875. J. M. May, who was known in his later years as the "Nestor" of the bar, was in the early days noted as a player on the trombone, and combined with his musical ability all the requirements of the just judge. He was a fine advocate, as well as an able chancellor lawyer, and during a long life always maintained his high character as a good citizen and an honest man. Among the resident members of the bar who achieved distinction were : Judges Metcalf, Mackenzie, Hughes and Robb; C. N. Lamison, S. A. Baxter, Isaiah S. Pillars, T. E. Cunningham, M. H. Nichols, Hamilton Davison, Lorin Kennedy and Col. Lester Bliss. Hamilton Davison bears the distinction of being Lima's first resident attorney, having settled here in 1832. He was active in for- - 12 - warding the interests of the young town. He is on record as surveyor of many of the first established roads, and his name occurs on, many of the titles to real estate as notary public. Mr. Davison was a man of good morals, a fine counselor and a cultivated gentleman. Mrs. Davison was a woman of intelligence and refinement, beloved by all who knew her. There were two children, who died suddenly at the age of 16, and Emma, who is now Mrs. Strong,. of Defiance. One of the most brilliant lawyers that ever-graced the bar of the county was Mathias H.. Nichols, who rose from obscure poverty to the position of one of the foremost men of this part of the State, and who ended his full life. at the age of 37, a time when men are but beginning their careers. Mr. Nichols came to. town in 1845, worked as a printer fora time, but soon brought out the paper-called the Argus, selling his vest, the only one of his garments that had a market value, in order to buy paper on which to print his first issue. He soon developed that wonderful power over men which placed him at the head of affairs in this region and sent him to Congress at the early age of 27 years. Mr. Nichols was elected to Congress the first time by Democrats ; the second time he ran independently, but was supported by the votes of what is now the Republican party and by many Democrats, whose attachment to the man was greater than to their party. He was elected on. the Republican ticket for a third term, but was defeated the fourth time he ran by but 72 votes. Mr. Nichols was prosecuting attorney in 1851, which position he resigned to enter Congress. After leaving. Congress in 1859, he resumed the practice of the law and continued it until the breaking out of the war in 1861, when he volunteered among the very first, and was elected 'captain of the first company that went into the service from Allen County. At the end of three months he retired to civil life, but when Kirby Smith threatened Cincinnati in the fall of 1862, he volunteered as a private in the "Squirrel Hunters' demonstration for the protection of the city, and while there died of dropsy of the heart. March 23, 1847, Mr. Nichols married Syl- 216 - HISTORY OF ALLEN COUNTY via Fisher. There is but one of his five children living—Danton H., of Eddy, New Mexico. Mr. Nichols was an able lawyer, a man of general and varied information ; he held high positions and maintained his character as a public representative with honor to himself and to his district. He possessed wonderful personal magnetism and there was probably no man in the country who was more highly esteemed and honored than he. Col. Lester Bliss was born in Cooperstown, New York, August 17, 1817. His father, Dr. David Bliss, a native of Vermont, removed from Cooperstown in 1818, and settled in what is now Marion County, Ohio. Colonel Bliss obtained a liberal education at the Fredericktown .High School, and completed a good classical and literary education at Granville College. He studied law and was admitted to the bar of Ohio at Marion in June, 1841. In August following he located in Lima, where he carried on an active practice for several years. He served as prosecuting attorney for the county for one term and declined a subsequent nomination for that office. In 1852, Colonel Bliss was elected to represent Allen County in the Legislature, it being the first representation of the county under the new constitution. He declined the nomination for Lieutenant Governor. In August, 1862, he volunteered his services in defense of the Union. In the spring of 1864, he was commissioned a lieutenant-colonel, and did active service until his resignation. Colonel Bliss was the first mayor of Delphos. Benjamin F. Metcalf, by many considered the greatest of Allen County's lawyers, was born in Miami county in 1818, being next to -the youngest of 10 children. He learned, while a mere boy, the trade of tailor and studied law while working at his trade. With book propped up before him he stitched and studied at the same time. In his case we have a beautiful example of the survival of the fittest, as the strongest side came up and a tailor was spoiled to make what was to be our greatest judge. He moved to Shelby County, where he remained but a short time, going from there to Kalida, in Putnam County. At one time he taught school, as did so many of our great men, before and since. In 1848 Mr. Metcalf was elected a member of the State Legislature and soon after moved to Delphos, then in the same county. While residing in Delphos he was editor of the Section Ten Budget. He was elected to the common pleas bench in 1851, and soon after moved to Lima, where he resided until his death, which occurred February 27, 1865. At the time of his death he was serving his third judicial term. Judge Metcalf was distinguished for his remarkable ability in disposing of questions upon what he called "original principles." He ignored precedent largely, and had no patience with legal technicalities. He was a man of fine mind and noble heart, a just judge and firm friend. This notice we take from an old scrapbook : "The bar of Allen County met in the office of Isaiah Pillars. Hon. T. M. Robb was called to the chair and T. E. Cunningham was appointed secretary. Messrs. Mackenzie, DePuy, Lamison and Pillars were appointed a committee on resolutions." These have all appeared at the bar of eternal justice. Thomas M. Robb was born in Washington County, Pennsylvania, October 25, 1812. His father came to Guernsey County, Ohio, in 1815, bringing his family with him. Mr. Robb, the subject of our sketch, learned in Guernsey County the trade of printer, and tramped the country over, going to Cincinnati, Zanesville, Philadelphia, Baltimore and minor points. He eventually returned to Logan County, where, in 1856, he edited the Western Aurora of Bellefontaine. In 1842 he edited the Gazette of Marysville, Union County, Ohio, and in the same year was editor of the Logan Democrat. In r844 Mr. Robb was appointed clerk of the Court of Common Pleas of Logan County, which office he filled for seven years. He was later appointed postmaster of Bellefontaine and served several years. In 1853 he was admitted to the bar of Allen County, having studied under Judge William Lawrence, and formed a partnership with C. N. Lamison of Lima, which partner- AND REPRESENTATIVE CITIZENS - 217 ship lasted until 1856, when he was elected probate judge, which position he held for six years. He then resumed the practice of his profession for nine years and then the firm of Robb, Hughes & Robb was formed, of which he was the senior partner. In 1873 Mr. Robb left to serve a term in the State Legislature. It was while at Columbus that he was stricken with paralysis in 1874. In 1854 Mr. Robb edited the Lima Argus for a year. In 1856 he acquired control of the People's Press, which was the old Argus with its name and politics changed, and made it the successor of the Argus politically, conducting it with marked ability until its sale to John P. Haller. Mr. Robb was at one time mayor of Lima, and was for some time chairman of the Democratic County Committee, being a very popular and prominent man in his party. In 1860 Mr. Robb united with the Presbyterian Church of Lima. His marriage with Ann Moore took place July 31, 1835. Mrs. Robb was the daughter of James Moore, of Washington County, Pennsylvania. They were the parents of eight children : Edward L., .Josephine Mary (Armstrong), Thomas B. (deceased), Theodore D., Caroline (deceased), Anna C. (Carnes), John M. and Frank R. Mr. Robb died in 1879. James Mackenzie was born in Scotland, July 14, 1814. His father, William Lyon Mackenzie, a distinguished patriot and member of the Canadian Parliament, was the .grandson of a Highland captain, Donald Mackenzie. In 1837 James Mackenzie, then an enthusiastic young man, aided the Canadian rebellion against England ; but. being defeated in his patriotic efforts, he abjured all allegiance to the British government and became a citizen of the United States, with Ohio as his future home. Under the preceptorship of Governor Reuben Wood, and more especially of Messrs. Bishop and Backus, of Cleveland, he entered upon the study of the law. He was admitted to the bar and in 1843 commenced practicing. For a while Mr. Mackenzie was editor and publisher of the Kalida Venture, and also of the Allen County Democrat. He served as township clerk in Henry County ; was a member of the School Board in Putnam County, and served as school examiner ,in Lima. As prosecuting attorney, he served three separate counties—Henry, Putnam and Allen. In 1865 he was elected common pleas judge to fill the unexpired term of Judge Metcalf, deceased ; he was re-elected for a full term in 1869, and again in 1875. Judge Mackenzie was married in 1864 and had two sons and five daughters. During the time that he occupied the bench he presided with dignity, and his judgments always showed a love of justice and legal acumen. He was a hater of slavery, a warm friend of the Union and was always prominent in the councils of the Democratic party. Isaiah S. Pillars was born in Jefferson County, Ohio, March 17, 1833. At the age of 16 he commenced teaching school, and soon fitted himself for an academic course, beginning in the Seneca County Academy, and finishing at Heidelberg University at Tiffin. Mr. Pillars commenced to practice law in Lima in 1855. In 1861 he was appointed commander of Camp Lima by Governor Tod, with rank of colonel ; and under him the 99th, 118th and 81st regiments were organized. In 1866 Mr. Pillars was elected prosecuting attorney and in 1868, presidential elector. In 1871 he was elected Representative, but declined a second term. While in the Legislature, Mr. Pillars resisted the proposed measure for levying taxes for the purpose of railroad construction, the wisdom of which course was sustained by supreme court decision. He was also author of a minority report in favor of the abolition of capital punishment. He was elected Attorney General by the Democracy in 1877. The death of Mr. Pillars occurred in 1895. Theodore E. Cunningham, for many years one of the prominent attorneys of Lima, was born in Wayne County, Ohio, October 31, 1830. His paternal ancestors were Scotch-Irish, and his mother, whose maiden name was Ewalt, was descended from Huguenots of that part of France bordering on the Rhine. His parents, both of whom were Pennsylvanians, moved to Ohio in 1802. Mr. Cun- 218 - HISTORY OF ALLEN COUNTY ningham was apprenticed to a printer when 16 years old, and worked three years on the Kalida Venture, edited by James Mackenzie. During this time Mr. Cunningham had access to the very fine library of the editor, and made the best of his opportunities. He left Kalida and became associate editor of the Argus at Lima. Mr. Cunningham studied law with Nichols and Waldorf and in 1855 was admitted to the bar. He soon acquired the reputation of being an active, industrious and painstaking lawyer, a captivating speaker and a most successful jury advocate. He was a firm believer in the Ordinance of 1787, and the Wilmot Proviso. During the campaign of 1854, he edited the People's Press, a leading exponent of the Free Soil movement. During the Civil War, Mr. Cunningham served as commissioner of the Board of Enrollment, and later discharged the duties of assessor of internal revenue with fearless impartiality and strict uprightness. He was elected delegate to the Philadelphia convention of 1866 ; and in 1873 was elected from Allen County as a member of the Ohio State Constitutional Convention. In this convention he most ably represented his constituents, although he argued for a lost cause. Mr. Cunningham, in 1855, married Elizabeth Hyatt, of Mount Vernon. Of the six children born to them the sons alone survive, Blanche, the only daughter, having died. The sons are William H., Harold, Newton, Lou and Theodore, Jr. April 15, 1889, Mr. Cunningham died, leaving as a legacy to his children the memory of a most honorable career. "It never seemed to me that Mr. Cunningham was dead and that his kindly presence was no more on earth ; I always think of him as only having gone 'from this room into the next.' He was an incisive debater, a most winning opponent and a Christian gentleman. He was always ready to respond to any demands made upon him, having inherited in no slight degree his father's wonderfully sunny temperament and kindly disposition. There was no man in the country more universally respected and beloved than `Doan' Cunningham." Charles Nelson Lamison was born in Columbia County, Pennsylvania, in 1826. His remote ancestors were of French and Welsh nationality ; his immediate ancestors were Dutch and Scotch. When 10 years of age he came with his father to Dalton, Wayne County, Ohio. Mr. Lamison received his early education in private schools and academies, and began the study of the law at the age of 17. In 1848 he was admitted to the bar at Wooster, and entered upon a partnership with Congressman Parsons, of Dalton. In 1850 Mr. Lamison married Elizabeth Moyer, of Wooster, and leaving his bride, went to California in search of gold. Returning in 1852, he visited Dalton and, upon the advice of his friend Jeffries, decided to locate in Logansport, Indiana. He returned to Dalton, via Lima, and having faith in the future of the town he changed his plans and located here.. He entered into a partnership with Thomas M. Robb, which continued for several years. He was subsequently associated in business at different times with Messrs. Hughes, Meily,. Richie and Ballard. Mr. Lamison was elected prosecuting attorney in 1853 ; he was defeated in 1855, but was again elected in 1857. Later he was defeated for senator by a small vote. When the Union was threatened, Mr. Lamison at once enlisted in the first company to go from Lima for the three months' service, and was elected captain of Company F, 20th 0. V. I. At Zanesville he was elected major. He served in Virginia, and had command of the Baltimore & Ohio crossing under McClellan and Rosecrans. At the end of the three months Mr. Lamison assisted in raising the gist 0. V. I., of which he was major. He served in Missouri, and afterward at Pitts-- burg Landing, and took part in the battle of Shiloh. Serious illness compelled him to return home, where he remained in ill health a year, when he resumed the practice of the law. In 1870 Colonel Lamison was elected to-represent the Fifth District of Ohio in Con gress. His services were of such a distinguished character that he was re-elected, and served until 1874. In 1881 he was made at-- AND REPRESENTATIVE CITIZENS - 219 torney for the Ohio Central Railroad Company, of West Virginia, and commenced the construction of the Point Pleasant bridge; later he was associated with the Brice-Thomas syndicate. He was at one time attorney for the Mobile & Birmingham Railroad Company, and also for the Memphis, Arkansas & Kansas Railroad Company. Subsequent to 1892 he engaged in the practice of the law in a desultory manner, when he was appointed United States land commissioner by the Interior Department, with headquarters at Dodge City, Kansas. It was while there that his stomach became poisoned by the alkali water. He went to Topeka for treatment and became somewhat better, but the change was only temporary. He gradually became worse and died April 21, 1896. Of Colonel Lamison's children, four survive him : Mrs. Dodds, of Chicago ; Mrs. Sprague and Jason, of Lima, and Nora, of New York City. Colonel Lamison's career as a lawyer was a brilliant one. He had that firm belief in the justice of his cause and that devotion to his cause which carries all before it. with insistent force. His nature was an aggressive one, and he fought to win his legal battles as he fought to win those in the tented field. One by one his brilliant contemporaries, who made Lima's bar so famous, preceded him to the bar of eternal justice; the phenomenally gifted Nichols going first, having quickly burnt out his lamp of life, and dying in 1862, when only 37 years old. His friend and neighbor, Metcalf, was the next to go. Metcalf—whose name to this day does to conjure. with—departed this life in 1865, having but reached life's prime at 45 years. Robb died in 1879, leaving a record at once enviable and honorable. Baxter, Cunningham, Hughes, Meily, Pillars, Mackenzie and Lamison have all answered the final summons. Charles Marion Hughes was born on the old Hughes farm, three miles north of Lima, on the Kalida road, December 14, 1833. His paternal grandfather came from the North of Ireland, and settled in the Colony of Virginia, about two years before the breaking out of the Revolutionary War. He espoused the colonists' cause and enlisted in the American Army, serving throughout the war and contributing all that he could to our independence. Mr. Hughes' parents in 1829 removed to Dayton, Ohio, removing later to a farm in Allen County. Charles M. Hughes' early education was obtained at the district school. At the age of 18 he entered Miami University, remaining there till 1854, when he left to teach school in Delphos. He afterward returned to the farm, remaining there till 1857. In that year he read law with Hon. C. N. Lamison, graduating later with honors from the Cincinnati Law School. Returning to Lima, he formed a partnership with C. N. Lamison. In the spring of 1861 he helped raise the first company that went out from Lima, going as 1st lieutenant under Capt. M. H. Nichols, of the 20th O. V. I. The three months for which he had enlisted having expired, he returned home and married Nanny Worley, of Piqua, in the fall of 1861. He then raised Company H, 81st 0. V. I., and went to the front as its captain. He was in Missouri during the fall of 1861; going south later, he was in the battle of Pittsburg Landing, April 6-7, 1862. He also engaged in the siege of Corinth, but was soon compelled to resign on account of his health. He returned to Lima, and forming a partnership with Judge and Theodore D. Robb, again engaged in the practice of the law. In 1864 he was elected probate judge, filling that position until 1878. From 1874 to 1878 he served as prosecuting attorney, succeeding to the common pleas judgeship, which position he held for 10 years. The town was thrown into mourning by the news of the death of Judge Hughes, January 10, 1892. When seen upon the street Saturday night, he looked the picture of health. He complained a little Sunday morning, and at noon passed away without a struggle. His wife and children survived him; the children are Mrs. C. S. Ayes, of Galveston ; Mrs. Steckle, of Bloomfield, Iowa, and Kent and Paul, of Lima. As a jurist, Judge Hughes ranked high, and was especially strong as a pleader. He filled 220 - HISTORY OF ALLEN COUNTY all positions in life with honor, but it was in the position of husband and father that he shone pre-eminently. He was devoted to his wife, to his children and to his friends. In a country home in the beech woods of Champaign County, Jacob S. Conklin was born in December, 1815. Three winters in a country school were his only opportunities for school education, but he was not uneducated. His mother taught him at home and inspired him, not only with a love for truth and honor, but with a love for what is most excellent in English literature. Books were few, but he learned to know those few books well. In his boyhood and early manhood he became thoroughly acquainted with much of Cowper, Burns, Goldsmith, Shakespeare and the Bible, and all through his life quotations from these came readily to his mind to illustrate a statement or to point an argument. The home of his father was one of the preaching places of the Methodist circuit riders of the pioneer days, and recollections of the visits and sermons of Finley, Raper, Cartwright and others were among his most cherished memories. The influence of their words of wisdom was a powerful factor in shaping his character. Many of the hymns of the Methodist hymn book were familiar to .him, and great was his indignation when he came upon a line which "any meddler had dared to try to improve." When 16 years of age he began a subscription school; but at the close of two weeks of teaching word came to him that a position was open for him in the office of the clerk of the court at Springfield, and a home for him in that of the clerk, who was a relative of his mother. The schoolhouse door was closed and the boy walked to his home, several miles away, hoping now to gain the consent of his mother —hitherto withheld—to his going from home and beginning the study of the law. In a few days he was at work in the clerk's office, and out of working hours busy over law books. Before he was 21 he had completed the course then required and was ready for admission to the bar. While at Springfield he continued his general education, studying mathematics and other branches and reading his favorite authors. With eight other ambitious young men he formed in Springfield an organization which they called the "Quaint Classmates," for the purpose, as the constitution which is still extant states, of reading, recitation, argument, extemporizing, composition and criticism. In after years he would often speak of the pleasure which this society gave him, and of the inestimable benefit it had been to him in preparing him for his work. A similar society was organized by himself and friends soon after his going to Sidney and was continued until its members became so engrossed in business and homes cares, that they could no longer attend the meetings regularly. In 1836, a month or two before he came of age, Mr. Conklin went to Sidney and entered the law office of Judge Patrick G. Goode, and as soon as possible after attaining his majority he was admitted to the bar. He soon obtained what was at that time a large practice. It was certainly widely ex tended, for the judicial district to which Shelby county belonged then embraced Shelby, Marion, Mercer and Allen counties, Allen then including the unorganized county of Auglaize. Judge Conklin practiced in all these counties, also in Logan, Union, Miami, Darke, Champaign and Putnam counties. These were not days of trapid transit. On horseback, with books and briefs and clothing stored in saddle-bags, which were thrown over the backs of the horses, the lawyers traveled from court to court over corduroy roads, with the mud feet deep. The legs of the riders were encased from the ankles to far above the knees in leggings of stout cloth, the material of which was soon unrecognizable because encrusted with an inch or so of mud. The lawyers formed merry parties. The way was cheered by story and jest and the woods resounded with story and song. As the party neared a town one of them was sent ahead to engage rooms and to order a good meal prepared. The coming of a court to town was an event in those days. In the evening judges and lawyers gathered around the huge fireplace and told stories until a late hour. If the reminis- AND REPRESENTATIVE CITIZENS - 221 cences of those days, which Judge Conklin used to relate, could be gathered in a book, they would make an interesting volume. One favorite amusement of these lawyers was to bet on the politics of any rider they might see ahead of them in the woods. They would then overtake him and engage in conversation with him, thus deciding the wager. This led to many amusing occurrences. In 1841 Judge Conklin was married to Eleanor Wilson, a daughter of John Wilson, a Shelby County pioneer. In 1844 he was elected prosecuting attorney of Shelby County. Twice afterwards he was elected to this same office—in 1850 and again in 1880. The last time, though a Republican, he obtained a majority of 1,000 votes in the Democratic stronghold of Shelby. In 1847 he was elected State Representative, and was afterward elected State Senator. In 1846 he was appointed by Governor Brough to fill an unexpired term on the common pleas bench, Judge Lawrence having resigned, and at the expiration of this term he was elected for the full term of five years. He was always interested in politics, first as a Whig, then as a Republican. He greatly enjoyed a. campaign and made many stump speeches in his own and adjoining counties during every campaign, except through the time of his judgeship. As a friend wrote after his death, "then his innate sense of propriety and exalted ideas of the ermine which he wore kept him entirely aloof from political discussion either in public or in private." Judge Conklin died in 1887, when almost 72 years of age. He had been for some time the oldest practitioner in Sidney. Several members of the Sidney bar at the time of his death had been students in his office or had been his partners in practice. He was always much interested in young men preparing for work, and especially in young lawyers, and was ever ready to extend a helping hand. At a meeting of the bar held in Sidney after Judge Conklin's death, Judge Stewart said : "He was known and loved as a father by all struggling young attorneys and his interest in them and his love for them was only bounded by his abil ity to aid them, and their own worthiness in deserving such aid." The following is also quoted from the resolutions adopted by the attorneys of Sidney and neighboring towns, on the day after his funeral : "As a legislator and judge he was honest and fearless ; as a father and husband, kind and indulgent ; as a. citizen he always had at heart the interest and. welfare of his neighbors, who during his life. loved to honor him, and who universally mourn his death." James Savage Daniels was born April 10, 1778, in Mason County, Kentucky ; his wife, Rhoda Daniels, was born in the same county in 1775. These two people, although living within eight miles of each other, never met until they had emigrated to Ohio. They were married in Warren County. Mr. Daniels was one of three county commissioners appointed at the time the county was. organized in 1831. He served continuously till 1834, filling the position most satisfactorily.. The first Court of Common Pleas was held in his cabin near the Market Street bridge. He was one of the three men to go upon the bond. of County Clerk Ward. His eldest son, Nathan Daniels, was a married man with a family when he came to Lima with his father. He was born July 1, 1800,. in Warren County, Ohio, where he lived till he reached man's estate, when he, together with his father's family, removed to Champaign County and settled near Urbana. It was there that he met Nancy Dougherty, who was born November 20, 1803. After a few years' residence in Champaign County the family then moved to the wilderness of Allen County. Nathan Daniels possessed to a marked degree those characteristics which enabled Ohio's pioneers to become makers of history. He possessed a good common-school education and took great pride in keeping himself well informed upon all those great questions which for half a century or more agitated the American people, and which finally culminated in the Civil War. He was first county recorder, and for years filled the office of justice of the peace of Shawnee township, and served one term as county 222 - HISTORY OF ALLEN COUNTY assessor, when Allen County embraced the territory now included in Allen and Auglaize counties. In the spring of 1871 he disposed .of the old homestead at Lima and, together with his eldest son, John C., and family, emigrated to Cowley County, Kansas. His wife -was a whole-souled Christian woman, endowed with those sterling intellectual qualities that so well fitted her for the task allotted her as a pioneer woman, that of building up a home and society, thus paving the way to a higher plane 'of civilization. She died January 13, 1862, and was buried in Shawnee Cemetery, Allen County, Ohio. Besides Nathan there were two twin sons and three daughters. Rhoda was born in 1807, was married to David Bailey in June, 1831, this being the first marriage recorded in Allen County. James H. and Benjamin M. were born March 29, 1812 ; the last named, although having but three months' schooling, was of so entertaining a nature that he fitted himself not only for a teacher, but was for years a Baptist divine. The other daughters were Hulath, whc married James T. Miller, and Myra S., who married Thomas Hawthorn. ALLEN COUNTY'S THREE COURT HOUSES. The first Court of Common Pleas for Allen County was held August 31, 1831, in James S. Daniel's cabin, which stood near the present Market street bridge. In 1832 a Court House was built just below the southeast corner of the square. This was a small, hewed-log 'building, two stories in height, which served as a court room, county offices and jail. But it soon grew too small, and a desire was manifest on every hand for a more commodious building. In 1840, eight years after the first Court House was built, a contract for a new brick Court House was let to Orlando Broughton, of Wooster, Ohio. The building was finished in 1842. It stood on the site. of the present Cincinnati block. It served all purposes of Court House and County Jail for more than 40 years. The cornerstone of the present handsome structure was laid on our natal day, July 4, 1882, and the finished building was formally opened to the people of Allen County in the fall of 1884. The cost, including the stone jail adjacent, was $350,000. THE BAR OF TO-DAY (1906). Caspar F. Bryan commenced the study of the law with J. J. Bell, of London, Ohio. He was admitted to the bar at the District Court of Greene County, Ohio, in March, 1876. In the fall of 1883 Mr. Bryan began the practice of law in Lima, where he has since remained. Davis J. Cable studied law at the University of Michigan, at Ann Arbor. In 1881 he was admitted to the bar and began the practice of the law in Lima. I. S. Motter, the senior member of Motter, Mackenzie & Weadock, began the study of the law at Hagerstown, Maryland, with Col. George Schley, and was admitted to the bar in that city in 1876. He came to Ohio in 1881, forming a partnership in Lima with W. L. Mackenzie. Hinchman S. Prophet commenced the study of the law under Ross Burns at Carding-ton, Ohio, and completed the study with Judge J. A. Beebe, of Mount Gilead, Ohio. He was admitted to the bar in the Supreme Court of Ohio on February 2, 1860. In 1872 he came to Lima, where he has since been in the constant practice of his profession. O. W. Smith commenced the study of the law in Marion, Ohio, in 1864. He was admitted to the bar in 1867 and has practiced in Lima since 1868. C. H. Adkins is a graduate of the Ohio Normal University at Ada, was admitted to the bar in 1892, and has been in active practice of his profession in Lima since that time. O. O. Barr is a graduate of the law department of the Ohio Normal University at Ada ; was admitted to the bar in 1904 and commenced practice in Lima in September of that year. M. L. Becker read law in the office of Judge Fuller, of Warren, Ohio, and 'was later graduated from the University of Michigan, at Ann AND REPRESENTATIVE CITIZENS - 225 Arbor. He was admitted to the bar at Warren, Ohio, in 1873, and has practiced in Lima since 1874. Fred C. Becker, the junior member of the firm of Becker & Becker, is a graduate of the Western Reserve Law School, at Cleveland, Ohio, and was admitted to the bar in 1897. He has been in the practice of his profession in Lima since that time. Wilbur T. Copeland read law in the office of Layton & Stueve, of Wapakoneta. He graduated from the Ohio State University. Law School, was admitted to the bar December 7, 1893, and has practiced in Lima since April, 1894. W. L. Rogers is a graduate of the Ohio Normal University and has practiced in Lima since his admittance to the bar in June, 1896. James O. Ohler graduated from the Cincinnati Law School, was admitted to the practice of law in Ohio in 1883 and has been in constant practice in Lima since that time. M. A. Hoagland studied law in the office of Critchfield & Uhl, of Millersburg, Ohio. He was admitted to the bar April 18, 1868, and has practiced in Lima since 1887. Robert C. Eastman read law in the office of Cunningham & Brotherton, of Lima. He graduated from the Ohio Normal University and has practiced in Lima since he was admitted to the bar in 1878. T. R. Hamilton read law with Ridenour & Halfhill, of Lima, and graduated from the Ohio Normal University. He was admitted to the bar in October, 1894, and has practiced in Lima since that time. Russell L. Armstrong graduated from the Ohio State University Law School in 1900, was admitted to the bar in the same year, since which time he has been practicing his profession in Lima. P. A. Kahle studied law with Prophet & Eastman, of Lima, was admitted to the bar in 1894 and has since practiced in Lima. Edgar S. Prophet studied law with Prophet & Eastman, of Lima, was admitted in 1902 and has practiced in Lima ever since. Walter Parmenter commenced the study of -the law with T. D. Robb. He graduated from the University of Michigan, at Ann Arbor, in 1890, practiced in Spencerville one year and for two years, until Mr. Hughes' death, was the junior member of the law firm of Hughes & Parmenter. Mr. Parmenter is now engaged in printing. W. H. Guyton graduated from the Ohio Normal University, was admitted to the bar on June I, 1902, and has since practiced in Lima. Kent W. Hughes began the practice of law with W. H. Leete, of Lima. He graduated from the law department of the University of Michigan, and has practiced in Lima since his admission to the bar in 1896. B. F. Welty was admitted to the bar in 1896, after securing his degree from the law department of the University of Michigan, following his classical study and graduation at the Ohio Normal University at Ada in 1894. He began at once the practice of the law in Lima. Frank H. Downing secured his degree from the Ohio Normal University in 1899. He was admitted to practice before the Ohio bar in the fall of that year and located in Lima the following spring. Welty & Downing is the firm name. Joseph Warren Kilgore is a graduate of the Ohio Normal University at Ada, was admitted to the practice of the law June 11, 1898, and has practiced his profession in Lima since that time. S. S. Wheeler read law with Marvin, Hart & Squire, of Cleveland, Ohio, was admitted to the bar in June, 1878, and has practiced in Lima since 1881. L. H. Rogers studied law with D. C. Henderson, of Lima, and was admitted to the bar in October, 1897. In June, 1900, he began the practice of the law in Lima, where he has since remained. I. R. Longsworth read law in the office of Richie & Richie, and of Davis J. Cable, and has been in constant practice of his profession in Lima since his admission to the bar in 1889. W. H. Leete read law in the office of his father, Hon. Ralph Leete, at Ironton, Ohio, and also in the office of Hon. W. N. Johnson, 226 - HISTORY OF ALLEN COUNTY of the Supreme Court. He then attended law school at the University of Michigan, from which noted institution he was graduated in 1871. He has practiced law in Lima since 1888. Frank F. Leland graduated from the University of Michigan at Ann Arbor. He has practiced law in Kansas, Illinois and Iowa, and since 1891 in Allen County. John E. Richie read law on the farm, was admitted to the bar on the certificate of E. A. Ballard in 1867, and has practiced continuously in Allen County since that date. He served years on the common pleas bench and has practiced his profession in all State and Federal courts, including the Supreme Court of the United States. Miner A. Atmur read law in the office of J. O. Ohler. He was admitted to the bar in 1890 and commenced practicing in Lima in 1892. W. P. Anderson read law in the office of Charles E. Jordan, prosecuting attorney of Findlay, Ohio. He graduated from the Ohio Normal University in 1902 and since his ad-. mittance to the bar in that year has been in active practice of his profession, most of the time in Lima. Edmund G. Dempster began the study of the law in the office of I. R. Longsworth. He took his degree in the Ohio Normal University and was admitted to the bar of Ohio in December, 1904, since which time he has practiced in Lima. Frank E. Meade began the study of the law in the office of J. E. Cropsey, of Cayuga County, New York. He was graduated in 1876 from the law department of the University of Michigan, at Ann Arbor, and in the same year was admitted to practice in Ohio. He has practiced in Lima since 1877. John W. Mowen, the junior member of the firm of Meade & Mowen, is a graduate of the University of Michigan, at Ann Arbor, in the class of 1888, and has practiced his profession in Lima since that time. H. O. Bentley is a graduate of the Ohio Normal University. He was admitted to practice in Ohio in June, 1896, and has practiced in Lima since that time. Since July I, 1902, he has been the junior member of the firm of Wheeler & Bentley. W. L. Parmenter graduated from the law department of the University of Michigan and has practiced in Lima since his admission to the bar in 1888. Charles L. Fess is a graduate of the Ohio Normal University at Ada. He has practiced his profession since his admission to the bar in 1899, and has practiced in Lima since the spring of 1900. J. W. Halfhill, of Ridenour & Halfhill, is a graduate of the Cincinnati Law School. He has practiced his profession in Lima since his admission to the bar in 1887. Walter J. Richie read law in the office of Richie & Richie and has practiced in Lima since his admission to the bar in 1894. Walter B. Richie studied law with Ballard. & Richie. He was admitted to the bar April 2, 1875. He practiced law in Bucyrus two, years and since 1877 has practiced continuously in Lima. William Klinger graduated from the Ohio Normal University at Ada and took a postgraduate course at the University of Michigan, at Ann Arbor. He has practiced in Lima since his admission to the bar in 1896. John H. Secrest graduated from the Ohio-Normal University in 1895. He was admitted to the bar in 1902 and has been in active practice in Lima since 1904. Charles F. Sprague graduated from the Ohio State University Law School, at Columbus, in 1899, was admitted to the bar of Ohio-in the same year, taking up the practice in. Lima at once. Otis T. Lippincott is a graduate of the Ohio Normal University, at Ada, and the Ohio Wesleyan University, at Delaware. He was admitted to the bar of Ohio in 1899 and has practiced in Lima since 1900. D. C. Henderson attended Washington. University, in St. Louis, Missouri, and finished a course 0f reading in the law office of M. A. Hoagland, of Lima. He has practiced his profession in Lima since his admission to the bar of Ohio in 1889. AND REPRESENTATIVE CITIZENS - 227 W. L. Mackenzie studied law in the office of his father, Judge James Mackenzie, and has practiced in Lima for more than 25 years. He was admitted to the bar in 1881 and the firm of Motter & Mackenzie was formed October 20, 1881. James J. Weadock graduated from the law department of the University of Michigan in 1896. He was admitted to the bar in the same year and has practiced in Lima since that time. He is now the younger member of the firm of Motter, Mackenzie & Weadock. Horace A. Reeve was admitted to the bar at Findlay on May I, 1875, after a course in Hamilton College, Clinton, New York. He has practiced in Lima since 1904. J. W. Roby is a graduate of the Ohio Wesleyan University in the class of 1889 and was accorded a degree from Yale Law School in 1891, being immediately admitted to the practice of the law in Ohio. Mr. Roby has practiced in Lima since 1895. W. J. McLaughlin graduated from Columbia University Law School, New York, in 1904. His preparatory training was received at Lima College, and at Hamilton College, New York. He has practiced in Lima since 1904. Mr. McLaughlin has formed a law partnership with John W. Roby. Clarence E. Kephart is a graduate of the Ohio Normal University at Ada, Ohio, in the class of 1903. Mr. Kephart has been in general law practice in Lima since that year. Marshall J. Sanford graduated from the National Normal University at Lebanon, Ohio. In 1886 he was admitted to the bar of Ohio and has been an active practitioner in Lima since that time. Theodore D. Robb studied law under his father, Judge Thomas M. Robb. He was admitted to the bar and practiced his profession in Lima until February, 1894, when he was elected probate judge of Allen County. George H. Meily studied law in the office of Lamison & Ballard, was admitted to the bar in 1871 and has practiced in Lima since that time. Jacob C. Ridenour graduated from the State University of Iowa at Iowa City, was admitted to the bar of Iowa in 1885 and was afterward admitted to the bar in Ohio on June 2, 1886, since which date he has practiced in Lima. E. W. Price graduated from the University of Michigan, was admitted to the bar of Michigan in 1881, and in 1888 was admitted to the bar of Ohio. The following lawyers are also well known in Lima and Allen County : D. Armstrong, William Axline, Graham & Adgate, J. N. Hutchinson, J. G. Hersh, John H. Klatte, C. Brotherton, J. H. Hamilton, J. L. Price, G. H. Quail, T. R. Shaw, R. W. Thrift, K. Timmermeister, Barr & Everett and H. P. Williamson, of Lima ; B. J. Brotherton, John Linderman, George Leasure, W. S. Kimball, of Delphos; M. G. Bailey, of Beaver Dam ; J. J. Ferrall, A. J. Owens and G. 0. Farquharson, of Bluffton; John N. Bailey and R. R. Kennedy, of Spencerville, and E. B. Milnor, of Harrod. THE ALLEN COUNTY LAW LIBRARY Was incorporated by the Allen County bar under the laws of Ohio on the 12th day of January, 1897, not for profit but for the purpose of acquiring and maintaining a library of law books and kindred matter for the encouragement, culture, advantage, education and use of the members of the bar of Allen County, and for the use of all county officers and the judges of the several courts of said county, free of charge. The first officers of said association were as follows : Frank E. Mead, president; Cloyd J. Brotherton, vice-president ; Thomas R. Hamilton, secretary ; William Klinger, treasurer. The first board of trustees, as chosen in 1897, was composed of Frank E. Mead (chairman), Cloyd J. Brotherton, H. S. Prophet, H. L. Brice and M. A. Atmur, and with the exception of H. L. Brice, who died several years ago and whose place was filled by the election of William L. Mackenzie, the same board has been continued by the members of the association up to the present time (1906). The present officers of the associati0n, aside from the board of trustees, are : 228 - HISTORY OF ALLEN COUNTY Frank E. Mead, president; H. S. Prophet, vice-president ; F. C. Becker, secretary ; W. L. Rogers, treasurer. The county furnished -library rooms at the Court House. Funds for the purchase of books and to maintain the library are secured from the annual dues of the members, and also from an annual contribution authorized by law from Allen County. It has been the policy of the association to place in its library such law books as are not otherwise accessible to the members of the bar from the private libraries of its members. The association began with the purchase of the complete publication of the "West Reporter System," and the "West" series of reports have been kept up since its organization ; to which have been added the reports of different States, not otherwise owned in Lima, so that at the present time the library contains the complete reports of every State in the Union as well as of the courts of the United States dating from the beginning of the "West Reporter System," and, by the purchase of original State reports up to the beginning of the "West" system, it contains the reports of Vermont, Connecticut, Michigan, Illinois, Iowa, Kansas and California. In addition to the above, the library is receiving the reprint of the "English Common Law and Equity Reports." The library also contains the entire reports from the beginning of the government of all United States courts ; also the "Century Digest" complete, besides a large number of text-books on the leading branches of the law. The total amount of money expended in books since the organization of the association amounts to between five and six thousand dollars. CHAPTER XIII THE MEDICAL PROFESSION A Brief History of Medicine—The Allen County Medical Society—Physicians of the Past--Dr. William Cunningham—Dr. William McHenry—Dr. W. H. Harper—Dr. Samuel Sanford—Dr. Robert W. Thrift—Dr. Newton Sager—Dr. C. A. Evans—Dr. P. H. Brooks—Dr. Brice Blair—Dr. John Davis—Physicians of To-day—Dentists of Lima. A BRIEF HISTORY OF MEDICINE. "The proper study of mankind is man ; higher than this there is none." The above is a philosophical truth—expressed many centuries ago. It has the same force to-day, for the proper study of man leads to the study of the laws of God as applied to and as governing man. The study of medicine is the study of man in most vital relations. It is as old as civilization itself. The history 0f medicine must necessarily begin with the written history of events. Its earliest period is enveloped in profound obscurity. It is largely myth and fable. We look to the Scriptures for our earliest account of medicine. In these writings may be gathered here and there a fair idea of Egyptian knowledge and practice. Egypt had a class of men who practiced the healing art, and they also embalmed the dead. The art of embalming required a rather definite knowledge of anatomy. Prof. Roswell Park, in his great history 0f medicine, says that probably the mythical being whom the Egyptians called "Thoth," whom the Greeks named "Hermes," and the Latins "Mercury," passed among the Egyptians as the inventor of all sciences and arts. They attributed to Thoth a large number of medical works, and great medical skill. A knowledge of medicine is not attained in a day. It is a .growth of centuries. Perhaps. no one of the professions is based more largely upon experience than medicine. Strabo says that the Egyptians exposed their sick and afflicted in the public squares ; that any one who had been similarly afflicted might give his experience and advice for the benefit of the. sufferers. Herodotus says the same custom prevailed in Babylon. Pliny assures us that the kings of Egypt permitted the opening of corpses for the purpose of discovering the causes of disease. Thus originated the autopsy of modern days. The Scriptures give ample proof of the medical knowledge of the Hebrews. The book of Leviticus is largely made up of rules concerning matters of public health. The measures suggested by Moses for the prevention of the spread of leprosy could not now be surpassed, says Professor Park. Solomon was, skilled in medical lore next to Moses. To Solomon is attributed a very accurate knowledge of natural history. Josephus claimed Solomon had such perfect kn0wledge of the properties of all the productions of Nature, that he availed himself of it to make remedies extremely useful. A knowledge of medicine was widely extended among the Brahmins, a priest caste of India, who alone had the right to practice medicine. 230 - HISTORY OF ALLEN COUNTY These ancient priests practiced much absurdity, yet they had some knowledge that we of to-day cannot equal. "They are believed to have had an ointment that caused the cicatrices of variola to disappear, and they cured the bites of venomous serpents with remedies whose composition has been lost." In China medicine has been practiced for almost untold centuries. Its study was introduced by the third emperor of the first dynasty, Hwangti. It was based upon the pulse. Great stress was placed upon the study of the pulse, for from it could be divined the seat, duration and gravity of the disease. As the historian must look to Greece for much of the world's art, so also must the writer of medical history, for it was Æsculapius who gave to the Greeks, and thus to modern times, the first principles of medicine. Æsculapius was supposed to be the son of Apollo and the nymph Coronis, and, as was true of Homer, a number of Grecian cities claimed the honor of his birthplace. He was the leading character in medicine of all the ancients. Temples were erected in his honor, and distinguished priests were dedicated to these temples, and schools of instruction founded. So noted did he become that, in later times, the imaginative Greeks related that when Pluto became alarmed at the daily diminishing number of arrivals in his kingdom, he complained to Jupiter, and the latter destroyed the audacious healer of men. From this event, some wit said, "The modern children of Æsculapius abstain from performing prodigies." Pythagoras was the first to introduce the custom of visiting the sick in their own homes. He was a man of immense learning, and in many ways has left his mark upon the intellectual world. But the central figure in the history of ancient medicine is Hippocrates, a descendant of Æsculapius. To him at least 1 o volumes on the general practice of medicine are attributed by Renouard, who has made an exhaustive study of the life and work of Hippocrates. These writings, joined to those of Pythagoras, Plato and Aristotle, formed a definite part of the great libraries of Alexandria and Pergamos—"The most ancient authentic monument of medical science." Next in order comes the work of Alexander the Great, who collected the riches, intellectual and natural, of the universe. The value of this collection—the great Alexandrian Library—will never be exhausted. The most noted of the early Roman writers on medicine was Aulus Cornelius Celsus. Celsus was a man of very wide and accurate kn0wledge—in fact, he was a walking cyclopedia of the day. But the most noted, as well as influential, of all the early physicians was the great Galen (131-201 A. D.). He was a native of Pergamos. He traveled widely, and studied at Alexandria. He practiced at Rome, where, by his brilliant logic, eloquence, profound erudition, great versatility and practical skill he easily took first rank. He was a voluminous writer, and he accomplished great things in anatomy and physiology. For many years after Galen the practice 0f dissection was discontinued. His influence was so great that many schools grew up under his instruction, and he had many followers. Following Galen came a long period of transition covering the Greek period of Rome, then the Arabic period, the great School of Salemum and the School of Montpellier. This brings the history 0f medicine down to 1400 A. D., when the "New Age" begins, running on to the present. This "New Age"—or the "Age of Renovation," as Renouard calls it, had a sudden awakening, following the establishment of hospitals and medical schools, the invention of the compass, the telescope and the microscope. Engraving 0n copper also added to this new age, but above all other influences was the invention of printing. This was the erudite period, and we find the names of Linacre, Vesalius, Columbus, Eustachius, Fallopius and others, prominent. Then we read of the great work of the University of Paris with its thousands of students from all nations. The "cell" doctrine was introduced after more extended study of botany and zoology in the 16th century. But the great discovery of the time was AND REPRESENTATIVE CITIZENS - 231 that of Dr. William Harvey—the circulation of the blood, which he announced through his lectures from 1613 to 1619. The results of his researches were not published until 1628, and, because of the intense jealousy in his native England, his work was unable to pass censorship there, but was published in Frankfort, Germany. The announcement of this discovery should have appealed at once to the intelligence of every doctor of the land. On the contrary it aroused bitter opposition, and, in fact, it caused a general stupefaction in the medical world. All classes of professional men took part in the discussion, especially naturalists and philosophers. Rene Descartes, one of the most brilliant men of any age, was the first to declare in favor of Harvey's argument, and Cambridge University accepted it in 1649. Harvey only answered his opponents by new proofs, and in other ways maintained a dignified silence. He lived long enough to see his theory universally adopted. The discoveries made in surgery in the next century were many and valuable, and surgical instruments were much improved. Perhaps the most noted of all medical discoveries was that of Dr. Edward Jenner, wide ly known as the "Father of Vaccination." This great discoverer was born in 1749, and, when a medical student, was told by a milkmaid that cow-pox had protective power against variola ; he reported the statement to his preceptor, Dr. John Hunter, in 1770. The young Jenner was told not to spend his time thinking about what had been told him, but "to investigate." The subject never afterward left his mind. Dr. 'Waterhouse, professor of medicine in Harvard College, made the first vaccinations in the United States, in 1800, upon four of his children. The medical world is fully conversant with the wonderful work of Virchow, Langenbeck and his pupil, the great Billroth. "Billroth was for many years the surgical sun of Austria-Hungary, and he it was who performed the first resection of the larnyx, and of the stomach." And widely known in America are :Dr. Waterhouse, Dr. Benjamin Rush, Dr. George B. Wood, and Dr. John C. Dalton, whose text-book is to-day studied in many colleges. None the less noted is Dr. Austin Flint, of New York, as a teacher and author. "His text-book on Practice is the most popular American work on the subject that has ever appeared, and is still in general use." Nor would we omit the name of the genial "Autocrat of the Breakfast Table," Dr. Oliver Wendell Holmes, whose "Chambered Nautilus" will ever be a treasure of the human heart. For a third of a century he was professor of anatomy at Harvard. Dr. Ephraim McDowell, of Danville, Kentucky; threw lustre upon the profession in America by having performed the first "rational and deliberate 0variotomy, in 1809." Names like those of S. D. Gross, J. Marion Sims, and D. Hays Agnew, will ever give a prominence to the medical profession in America equal to that of any 0ther country. The history of medicine in any country would be incomplete without a reference to the discovery of Dr. William T. G. Morton—viz. : the use of ether in surgery, first proved to the world in October, 1846. On his tomb in Mount Auburn Cemetery, Boston, is this self-explanatory inscription : "Inventor and revealer of anaesthetic inhalation, before whom in all time surgery was agony, and by whom pain in surgery was averted and annulled; since whom science has controlled pain." The discovery of anti-sepsis is equally important with that of anaesthesia. To Lord Lister is due this great honor, though his work was based upon the researches of Tyndall, Pasteur and Koch. Some antiseptic processes that would avail against putrefaction—in fact, an antiseptic system—had long been yearned for by the surgeons throughout the world. Lord Lister gave this system to the world, and upon its importance it is well here to quote Dr. Roswell Park : "The writer makes no apology here for having introduced two distinct chapters—one upon the history of antiseptic surgery, the other upon the history of anesthesia. First of all they are the two grandest medical discoveries 232 - HISTORY OF ALLEN COUNTY of all time ; and, secondly, they are of Anglo-Saxon origin—the one British, the other American. To the introduction of anaesthetics and antiseptics is due a complete revolution of earlier methods, complete reversal of mortuary statistics, and the complete relief of pain during surgical operations ; in other words, to these two discoveries the human race owes more of the prolongation of life and relief of suffering than can ever be estimated or formulated in words. What an everlasting disgrace it is that, while to the great murderers of mankind, men like Napoleon in modern times and his counterparts in all times, the world ever does honor, erects imposing monuments and writes volumes of encomiums and flattering histories, the men to whom the world is so vastly more indebted for all that pertains to life and comfort are scarcely ever mentioned, save in medical history, while the world at large is even ignorant of their names. For this reason, if for none other, these chapters find an appropriate place in a work of this character." In the same class from the point 0f usefulness to mankind may be placed the disc0very in recent years of the great value of antitoxin by Prof. Von Behring, of Berlin, and the great work of Dr. Carl Schlatter, of Zurich, Switzerland, who completed the earlier work of the great Billroth, by the successful removal, in 1896, of the entire stomach from his patient, Anna Landis, a silk weaver of Zurich. The medical profession in Allen County has always held a high rank. Its personnel shows to-day some of the most noted surgeons in Ohio, and a large number of the most successful practitioners. THE ALLEN COUNTY MEDICAL SOCIETY Was organized in Lima on the first Tuesday of May, 1867, with the following members : Drs. William McHenry, E. Ashton, S. B. Hiner, Samuel A. Baxter, C. I. Neff, W. H. Ward, W. H. Harper and R. W. Thrift, of Lima ; William Sullivan, of Westminster, and Jesse G. Honnell, of Beaver Dam. Subsequently in the same year were admitted Drs. R. L. McClure, of Westminster ; F. W. Fanning, of Beaver Dam ; H. P. Wagner and R. Reul, of Delphos ; W. F. Reed, of Kalida ; S. S. Yoder and F. Hermann, of Bluffton ; James LeRoi Booth, of West Cairo ; H. D. Hill, of LaFayette ; Brice Blair, of Jackson township ; J. H. Williams, of Upper Sandusky, and R. E. Jones and John Davis, of Gomer. Dr. William McHenry was the first president and Dr. S. B. Hiner the first secretary. On June 2, 1868, in accordance with a law passed by the Legislature regulating the practice of medicine in Ohio, an amendment to their constitution was adopted and a board of censors was elected to which "all applicants for membership, or certificate of qualifications, were to be referred for examination and report, and no person shall be eligible to membership in this society wh0 does not possess the qualifications required by law to practice medicine in the State." On balloting, Drs, Wagner, Jones, Thrift, Ashton and Hiner were elected as said board of censors. During the first year of its existence the society held monthly meetings, at which medical papers and essays were read and methods, and cases were discussed. The members took active part and the meetings were full of interest, and much profit and good were derived from the intermingling of ideas. Subsequently, for a few years, the society became inactive until it was revived about 20 years ago, and took on its old-time zeal and interest. It is to-day in a prosperous condition with about 40 of the leading and best doctors of the city and county as its members. The amendment made in 1868 is still a part of its rules and regulations and only such physicians are eligi ble as "possess the requirements by law to practice in the State." Its members, moreover, gain reputation by their works alone, the matter of advertising being forbidden to them. Meetings are held twice a month at which—as in the early days—essays are read and discussions are held. For a long time the meetings were held in the assembly room of the Court House, but in recent years they have met in the Y. M. C. A. Building. The officers are as follows : Dr. Collins, president ; Dr. O. E.. AND REPRESENTATIVE CITIZENS - 233 Chenoweth, secretary ; Dr. Oliver Steiner, treasurer ; Dr. J. F. Mathews, vice-president ; Dr. F. G. Stueber, Dr. Shelby Mumaugh and Dr. A. S. Rudy constitute the board of censors. PHYSICIANS OF THE PAST. In 1832 Dr. William Cunningham came to Lima, where he resided Do years, dying September 3, 1842. In 1833 Dr. William McHenry settled in Lima, remaining here until his death in 1890. An account of these physicians has been given in the chapter on the early history of Lima. Dr. Samuel Black, who was also one of Lima's earliest teachers, practiced in Lima in the '30s, but later removed to Putnam County. Dr. S. D. Anderson and Dr. William Finley were pioneer physicians who continued for some years in practice in Lima. Dr. W. H. Harper came to Lima in 1845 and for many years was closely identified with the town and her citizens. His early years of medical practice were in the horseback and saddlebag period. He began the study of medicine in the spring of 1840 in Jamestown, Ohio, under the tuition of Prof. John Dawson. He attended his first course of lectures at the medical college at Louisville, Kentucky. Dr. Harper was married in the fall of 1840 to Clarissa Winans and to the union were born 10 children, of whom four are living : Mrs. R. K. Syfers, of Indianapolis, Indiana ; T. W. Harper, an attorney at Terre Haute, Indiana ; Mrs. Annat, of W0oster, Ohio, and W. H. Harper, Jr., of Ottawa, Ohio. Dr. Samuel Sanford began the study of medicine in 1842 in Madison County, Ohio, finishing in Lima. He came to Lima in 1846, opened a drug store and in 1849 began the practice of his profession. In the latter year he was married to Jane Scott, daughter of William and Jane Scott, old residents of Lima. Dr. Sanford served as city coroner for some years, also as county direct0r of the poor; was appointed postmaster under Pierce's administration; and also filled the office of township trustee. His children, six in number, were : Charles A., Harry, Anna M. (Mrs. J. Y. Mar- - 13 - mon), Oniska (Mrs. A. C. Reichelderfer),. Samuel and Lewis. Mrs. Marmon is the only one of these living. Dr. Sanford died in the summer of 1904. Dr. Robert W. Thrift was for many years one of the prominent physicians of Allen County. He was born in Fairfax County,. Virginia, February 1, 1823. His father, James Thrift, whose ancestors were from the North of Ireland, was a farmer in moderate circumstances. His mother, whose maiden name was Sina Ball, was descended from an English family of that name. His father and uncle were in the land service of the War of 1812. As there. were no public schools in Virginia at that time, young Robert was educated at a private and select school. At the age of 21 he removed to Muskingum County, Ohio,. and began the study of medicine under Drs. Bealmere and Ball. In 1847 he moved to Kalida, Ohio, where he practiced his profession for 13 years. During 1851-52 he attended lectures at the Ohio Medical College, Cincinnati, graduating in 1852. At the breaking out of the Rebellion, though a native of Virginia, he immediately responded to the call of the Federal government and was appointed to a captaincy. When surgeons were called for, however, he offered his services, was examined and accepted, and then resigned his captaincy, May 3, 1861, to enter the United States Army as a surgeon, continuing as such until September, 1864. During this period he filled the position of surgeon-in-chief of the Second Division, 20th Army Corps ; Third Division, Fourth Army Corps, and medical director of the general hospital at Danville, Kentucky. Returning to Kalida in 1856, he resumed his profession, and remained there two years. In February, 1867, he removed to Lima. In 1876 he was elected to the chair 0f diseases of women and children in the Fort Wayne Medical College, Fort Wayne, Indiana. In July, 1877, he was appointed United States examining surgeon for pensions and was president of the Lima board. On May 1854, the Doctor was married to Angerona Rice, daughter of Clark H. and Catharine Rice, of Kalida, and a sister 0f Gen. A. V, 234 - HISTORY OF ALLEN COUNTY Rice, who represented the Fifth Ohio District in Congress, 1875-79. Dr. Thrift's family consisted of three daughters and one son : Flora R., Kate R., Robert W., Jr., and Julia Mabel. Dr. Thrift died in Lima in 1893. Dr. Newton Sager was one of the pioneer physicians of LaFayette, Ohio, as well as a prominent politician and one who took an active part in all public enterprises, especially those for the advancement of educational priviieges. His early life was spent upon a farm, receiving the foundation of his subsequent education in the common schools. When 19 'cars of age, he entered Oxford University, \where he received a literary education. He :afterwards read medicine in Pleasant Valley, .Madison County, Ohio, and graduated from the old Jefferson Medical University in 1843. He immediately entered upon the practice 0f his profession in LaFayette, Jackson township, this county. At an early date his rides extended many miles, the first settlements being scarce and practitioners correspondingly so. With the increase of population the call for his services also advanced and for months at a time he prescribed for as many as 40 or 50 patients a day, and could not possibly visit them .oftener than once in two days. At times it was quite difficult to obtain supplies. This being a imalarious district, and the supply at one time both in Lima and Kenton having been exhausted, the Doctor was obliged to go to Piqua to make his purchases of medicines. As the demand for new remedies and drugs increased, leis stock eventually developed into a drug-:store, which he managed for several years in ..connection with his professional duties. He :several times served as township treasurer and was a leader of the Democratic party in his section. He was also liberal in the support of religious institutions, though he was not identified with any denomination. He joined the Masonic order at Lima, soon after the organization of the lodge at that place, and was a charter member of Sager Lodge at LaFayette, Ohio, which lodge he was instrumental in having established, and which was named in his honor. The Doctor came to this county a widower, having been previousely married to Hannah Cus tard, daughter of Daniel Custard, of Lima. Mrs. Sager died in 1840, leaving a daughter, Araneta, since deceased. The Doctor was married, on the second occasion, to Bethia Gilbert, of Vermont, born in 1824. This union was blessed with six children, who grew to maturity, namely : Newton, Jr., Norval, Annetta, Lovina, Norton and Mary Bell. Perhaps no man did more for the development of the eastern section of Allen County than Dr. Sager, and to his efforts was due the locating, in a direct line, of the Pittsburg, Fort Wayne & Chicago Railway from Upper Sandusky to Lima. Dr. C. A. Evans was born at Hillsboro, Ohio, July 29, 1828. He came of a family which furnished a fair share of medical talent in the West. On the paternal side, his ancestors came to this country about 1775, located in Kentucky and removed to Ohio about 1802. On the maternal side, the Duckwalls came from the Rhine provinces in connection with Methodist mission work there, early in the 18th century. The subject of this sketch began the study of medicine at 19 years of age, and at 22 graduated from the Ohio Medical College, Cincinnati, in the class of 1849-50. In June of 1850, he came to Delphos, where for many years he was identified with the practice of medicine. He was married on April 4, 1855, in Columbia City, Indiana, to Katie Ensler, a highly-educated lady and an ardent worker in church and social interests. Upon the organization of the Toledo, Cincinnati & St. Louis Railway Company, Dr. Evans took up railway work with that corporation, with which he was actively identified till it ceased to be a Delphos enterprise. He organized the Delphos & Kokomo Railway Company and remained its president till 1878. In the following year he organized the Cleveland, Delphos & St. Louis Railway Company, serving as president till 1881, when he resigned and accepted the vice-presidency of a construction company and was connected with the establishment of other lines. The Doctor served the city as mayor four successive terms, and filled other civic official positions. Dr. P. H. Brooks was born near Oxford, Butler County, Ohio, February 7, 1845. He AND REPRESENTATIVE CITIZENS - 235 received a collegiate classical course at the Miami University, graduating in the class of 1868. His brother Robert was his preceptor in the study of medicine and after two courses of lectures at the Miami Medical College, Cincinnati, he began the practice of his profession at Paddy's Run, Butler County, Ohio, in 1872. In 1877 he came to Lima, where for a number of years he was one of the leading physicians. He was a member of the Northwestern Medical Society and was widely known and highly respected. He died in 1899. Dr. Brice Blair was born June 22, 1813, in Pennsylvania. He read medicine with Dr. McPherson, of Tuscarawas County, having ,come to Ohio in 1835. He practiced near New Albany till 1854, when he came to Allen County and settled in Jackson township, where he bought 60 acres of land. He owned 240 .acres in Auglaize township and 160 in Stark County, Indiana. Dr. Blair was a wideawake, active, industrious, enterprising man, a member of the Methodist Episcopal church and a great worker in the Sunday-school. The following children were born to Dr. and Mrs. Blair : John; Edward ; Martin, who died in 1876; Nathan P. ; Brice, Jr. ; William F. ; James H. deceased; Nancy, who married Isaac Hefner ; Clara, wife of Harrison Hefner ; Jennie, deceased; Elizabeth, wife of Medill Fisher ; Mary, wife of David Applas ; and Jessie Allen, deceased. Dr. Blair died March 10, 1876. Dr. John Davis was born in Cincinnati, Ohio, July 31, 1837. He came to Gomer in 1854 and at the age of 22 began the study of medicine with Dr. R. E. Jones. Later he attended the University of Michigan at Ann Arbor and was graduated from the medical college in 1863. Returning to Gomer he entered into partnership with Dr. Jones, their friendship, like that of David and Jonathan, remaining until death claimed Dr. Davis, December 3, 1904. A friend gives the following estimate of him as a man : "In most communities are found those who tower above their fellows, in stature sometimes, oftener by virtue of position, ability and influence. Such was the late Dr. John Davis. He was a man of fine physique, of commanding appearance, moving with the bearing and tread of a general ; dignified and stern somewhat to the casual observer, but most courteous and affable on nearer acquaintance. A practicing physician in the same place for over 40 years, what a mighty influence he exerted in a thickly settled community and within a radius of eight or ten miles! Next to his chosen profession he was pre-eminently a musician. As choir master and leader of congregational singing for 15 years, he threw his whole soul into the work, believing that the ministry of music is not an entertainment merely, but a means of grace to further deepen the impression made by the minister's words. He was thoroughly conversant in literature, his well selected and used library indicating the trend of his mind. A master of Welsh and English, he was much sought as literary adjudicator in Eisteddfods, his work always showing him a critic of no ordinary ability." December 12, 1895, Dr. Davis was married to Mary Griffith, of Cincinnati. Mrs. Davis being a musician, she not only efficiently seconded all her husband's efforts in that line, but was in hearty sympathy with all of his professional and social labors. After a most impressive funeral, those who loved him laid him to rest in Tawelfan cemetery. PHYSICIANS OF TODAY. Lima.— Dr. G. A. Bachmeyer graduated from Starling Medical College, Columbus, Ohio, in 1888 and has practiced in Lima since 1901. Dr. Fred L. Bates graduated in 1889 from the Cincinnati College of Medicine and Surgery. He has practiced in Lima since that date. Dr. A. J. Bice graduated from the Kentucky School of Medicine, Louisville, in. 1896 and has had 10 years of practice in Lima. Dr. W. N. Boyer graduated from the Hahnemann Medical College and Hospital, Chicago, in 1881 and has had 10 years of practice in Lima. Dr. R. A. Buchanan graduated from the Cleveland Homeopathic Medical C0llege in 1901 and has practiced for five years in Lima. 236 - HISTORY OF ALLEN COUNTY Dr. Charles Collins graduated from Rush Medical College, Chicago, in 1894 and has practiced in Lima since 1896. Dr. S. S. Hermann graduated from the medical department of the University of Buffalo in 1884 and has practiced in Lima since 1886. Dr. Burt Hibbard is a graduate of the University of Buffalo (class of 1900) and has practiced in Lima for two years. Dr. T. M. Johnson is a graduate of, the Hahnemann Medical College and Hospital, Chicago, in 1884, and has practiced in Lima since that date. Dr. R. D. Kahle graduated from the University of the City of New York in 1884 and has practiced in Lima 18 years. Dr. L. F. Laudick graduated from the Medical College of Ohio (now the medical department of the University of Cincinnati) in 1890 and began practicing in Lima in the same year. Dr. A. L. Jones is a graduate of the Fort Wayne Medical College in the class of 1897 and has practiced nine years in Lima. Dr. J. J. Murphy graduated from the medical department of the University of Michigan in the class of 1881 and began practicing at once in Lima. Dr. W. H. Parent is a graduate of Starling Medical College, Columbus, Ohio, in the class of 1888 and has practiced in Lima nine years. Dr. T. R. Thomas graduated from Rush Medical College, Chicago, in 1899, and has practiced about six years in Lima. Dr. J. M. Patterson graduated from the Medical College of Ohio, Cincinnati, in 1902 and began practicing in Lima in 1904. Dr. S. B. Hiner graduated in 1864 from the Medical College of Ohio, Cincinnati. Dr. W. E. Hover graduated from the Medical College of Ohio, Cincinnati, in 1888. Dr. J. H. Huntley graduated in 1890 from Starling Medical College, Columbus, Ohio. Dr. Allen F. Knisely graduated in 1884 from the Medical College of Ohio, Cincinnati. Dr. Jonathan F. Mathews graduated in 1898 from Starling Medical College, Columbus, Ohio. Dr. A. Miesse graduated in 1871 from the Cincinnati College of Medicine and Surgery. Dr. Shelby Mumaugh graduated in 1888 from the Medical College of Ohio, Cincinnati. Dr. J. C. Pence graduated in 1887 from the Fort Wayne Medical College. Dr. A. S. Rudy graduated in 1884 from the Medical College of Ohio, Cincinnati. Dr. D. W. Steiner graduated in 1883 from the medical department of the University of Michigan. Dr. Oliver Steiner graduated from the medical department of the University of Michigan in 1901. Dr. Isaac F. Steiner graduated from the medical department of the University of Michigan in 1897. Dr. F. G. Steuber graduated in 1882 from Rush Medical College, Chicago. Dr. Thompson R. Terwilleger graduated from the Medical College of Ohio, Cincinnati, in 1887. Dr. J. B. Vail graduated in 1871 from the Medical College of Ohio, Cincinnati. Dr. William B. Van Note graduated in 1895 from the Medical College of Ohio, Cincinnati. Dr. E. G. Weadock graduated from the medical department of the University of Michigan. Dr. Charles L. Yakey graduated from the Cleveland Homeopathic Medical College. Dr. H. C. Bennett graduated from the University of Michigan in 1888 and from the Ohio Medical College, Cincinnati, in 1889. Dr. Enos G. Burton graduated from the Medical College of Ohio, Cincinnati, in 1871. Dr. Justin S. Derbyshire graduated in 1888 from the Medical College of Ohio, Cincinnati. Dr. Ross V. Dickey graduated from the Eclectic Medical Institute, Cincinnati. Dr. Thomas E. Williams is a graduate of the Chicago Homeopathic Medical College and of the Jefferson Medical College, Philadelpia (class of 1905). Dr. A. H. Creps graduated in the class of 1890 from the Medical College of Ohio, Cincinnati. AND REPRESENTATIVE CITIZENS - 237 Dr. Charles Albright is a graduate of Starling Medical College, Columbus, Ohio. Gomer.— Dr. Robert E. Jones graduated in 1856 from the Miami Medical College, Cincinnati. Dr. Oval S. Roebuck graduated in 1905 from the University of Kentucky, Louisville. Dr. Milton L. Johnston graduated from the Eclectic Medical Institute, Cincinnati. Dr. Archibald C. Adams graduated in 1890 from the medical department of the University of Wooster, Wooster, Ohio. Dr. Newton J. Sager graduated in 1871 from the medical department of the University of Wooster, Wooster, Ohio. Harrod.— Dr. Clay H. Hart. Spencerville.- Dr. Leroy Pence graduated from the Medical College of Ohio, Cincinnati, in 1882. Dr. William Roush graduated in 1891 from the Cincinnati College of Medicine and Surgery. Dr. Jacob R. Welch graduated in 1882 from the Fort Wayne Medical College. Dr. I. C. Stanyer. West Cairo .— Dr. George W. Henderson graduated from Starling Medical College, Columbus, Ohio, in 1892. Dr. Charles E. Stadler graduated in 1896 from the Eclectic Medical Institute, Cincinnati. West Newton.— Dr. Monroe Davison graduated in 1882 from the Eclectic Medical Institute, Cincinnati, and in 1891 from the Starling Medical College, Columbus, Ohio. Beaver Dam.— Dr. Thomas P. Goodwin. Dr. John B. Haines graduated in 1879 from the Fort Wayne Medical College. Bluffton.— Dr. Reverdy E. Hughson graduated in 1896 from the medical department of McGill University, Montreal, Canada. Dr. J. F. Rudy graduated in 1892 from Starling Medical College, C0lumbus, Ohio. Dr. Josiah S. Steiner graduated in 1898 from the Cleveland Homeopathic Medical College. Dr. John J. Sutter graduated in 1898 fr0m the Eclectic Medical Institute, Cincinnati. Dr. Ira R. Wetherill graduated in 1881 from the Maryland College of Physicians and Surgeons, Baltimore. Dr. John Wisely graduated from the Hahnemann Homeopathic Medical College, Chicago, in 1887. Elida.— Dr. Salathiel A. Hitchcock graduated in 1870 from the Cincinnati College of Medicine and Surgery. Dr. Robert C. Alexander graduated fr0m the Physicians and Surgeons' College at Keokuk, Iowa, in 1883. Dr. Albert H. Herr graduated in 1903 from Starling Medical College, Columbus. DENTISTS OF LIMA. The following are the names of the dental practitioners in Lima : J. K. Bannister & C0mpany, E. F. Barrington, A. N. Bruzelius, A. & J. W. Dimond, J. E. Evans, T. W. Forshee, A. B. Gray, G. H. Trum, Abner Jones, B. A. Long, R. W. Stephens, W. W. Strayer, D. H. Sullivan, J. W. Taylor and George Hall. CHAPTER XIV THE CHURCHES AND MINISTERS OF LIMA Presbyterian Churches—Methodist Churches—The Pioneer Camp-Meetings—Baptist Churches — Catholic Churches—Lutheran Churches—Reformed Churches—Church of Christ—Christ Protestant Episcopal Church—First United Brethren Church—Congregational Churches—First Christian Church—Miscellaneous Churches and Missions—Biographies of Revs. T. P. Johnston, R. J. Thomson, T. L. Wiltsee, J. M. Avann, C. M. Rupe, F. J. Henry, A. E. Manning,Carl Ackerman, F. P. Bossart, P. H. Land, E. E. Young, G. H. Sims and I. J. Swanson. In the early days of the church in Ohio, almost all of the preaching was done by missionaries and circuit riders. These two classes included many odd characters and numberless are the good stories told of them, and though a great many of these itinerant preachers were "called" for no obvious reason except their great earnestness, which supplied to a degree the education and address which many of them lacked, yet it cannot be denied that many were possessed of learning and wisdom and were men of real worth and greatness. CHURCHES OF LIMA. PRESBYTERIAN. Market Street Presbyterian Church.—The first Presbyterian Church of Lima was organized August 1, 1833, by Rev. Thomas Clark and Rev. James Cunningham, Mr. and Mrs. Alexander Beatty, Mr. and Mrs. John Ward, Mr. and Mrs. John Jameson and Crain Valentine. John Jameson and Alexander Beatty were chosen elders. In 1834 a brick church was built on West Elm street which was used till 1845, when a frame building was erected at the corner of Elizabeth and Spring streets, which is now known as the A. M. E. Church. In February, 1855, 13 members withdrew from the church and a second Presbyterian Church called the "New School" was organized by a committee of the Dayton Presbytery. They built a small' chapel on West street. Under Rev. T. P. Johnston, by action of the Findlay Presbytery, a third Presbyterian society was organized, separating from the First Church and taking the name of Central Presbyterian Church. It consisted of 54 mem bers. They built a brick church on Main street north 0f High. In 1869 the "New School" church united with the First Church and the name "Union Presbyterian" was adopted. Parts of the former eldership of each church were chosen to constitute the new session. On September 4, 1872, the Central Church joined the Union Presbyterian, making the Presbyterians of Lima again one body under the name of Lima Presbyterian Church. The present house of worship on the corner of Market and West streets was erected about 1880. The pastors since the first organization have been : George AND REPRESENTATIVE CITIZENS - 239 Sheldon, George A. Poague, William McGookin, J. M. Crabb, John McKenney, R. M. Bedeau, Henry B. Fry, Thomas P. Johnston, William Marshall, Samuel Ramsay, O. M. Todd, William Claybaugh, John Daniels, J. S. Kemper, I. G. Hall and R. J. Thomson, D. D. (deceased in November, 1905). Main Street Presbyterian Church.—This church was organized by direction of the Lima Presbytery, June 12, 1875, by a committee composed of Rev. Thomas Elcock, Rev. J. B. Strain and Elder John Dobbins, with 24 members, of whom Thomas W. Dobbins, Mrs. Nancy Hover, Mrs. Eliza Williams, Mrs. Ida Breese and Mrs. Alma Hover-Ford are still on the congregation roll. The ruling elders were: J. W. Waters, James Harper and John Cunningham. The trustees were: J. A. Hover, Thomas Dobbins and Joshua Jameson. In the summer of 1878 a house of worship was built on Pearl street east of the D. & M. Railroad. Rev. Z. B. Campbell was pastor and at this time a Sabbath-school was organized. The second location was in Irwin's storeroom at the southwest corner of Main and Vine streets to which place they moved in the spring of 1883. The present church edifice was dedicated on January 27, 1884. The following pastors have served : A. T. Robertson, 1883-86 ; H. M. Bradley, 1886-88; B. J. Brown, 1889-92 ; W. G. Smith, 1893-1902. The church was organized under the name of Presbyterian Mission Church. This was changed September 11, 1886, by the presbytery to Main Street Presbyterian Church. At a congregational meeting, January 28, 1904, the trustees were authorized to purchase the property at the corner of Elizabeth and Kibby streets with a view of erecting a new church edifice. At the same meeting the trustees were authorized to sell the old manse property and proceed to erect a new parsonage on the north end of the new lot. This was completed during the past year, being ready for occupancy April 1, 1905. It is a modern structure of eight rooms built of pressed brick veneer. The building committee was composed of A.. Mullen, Cyrus Hover, J. B. Young, Ira L. Shaffer, Dr. R. A. Buchanan, H. D. Zurmehly, J. O. Kelly, W. E. Hess and W. M. Carey. METHODIST. Trinity Methodist Episcopal Church.-- The first Methodist Episcopal class in Lima was organized in October, 1833, by John: Alexander and James W. Finley, missionaries of the St. Marys mission. Rev. Jesse Pryor came from St. Marys to conduct the first services, which were held in the old Court House. Mr. Pryor is also recorded as performing the first marriage ceremony in Lima, between James Saxon and Miss Jones, a sister-in-law of John Mark. About 1837 a, Methodist frame church was built at the rear of the lot on the southwest corner of Union and Market streets. In 1852 a larger building was erected on the front of the lot and was used as a place of worship till 1871, when the present brick edifice was erected on the corner of Market and Elizabeth streets. This building with its appurtenances cost $50,000, and is of the Gothic style of architecture. Rev. William Raper, presiding elder, with Revs. James Finley and John, Alexander held the first quarterly conference. The church was dedicated March 12, 1876, by Bishop, Foster. These pastors have since served Revs. A. Harmount, S. K. Hard, S. Moore, J. M. Holmes, J. K. Wykes, S. H. Alderman,. J. M. Moore, W. Winters, O. Kennedy, I. R.. Henderson, L. C. Webster, E. A. Berry, Dr. Isaac Newton, Dr. P. E. Donaldson, J. Francis Davis, Richard Wallace, Fish, Thaddeus. L. Wiltsee, Bethards, Mills, Waters, Whitlock, Figley and Joseph M. Avann. On the Kenton road east of Lima were held the yearly camp-meetings of the Methodist church. In the Ada Record of April 19,, 1899, Joseph Dobbins, a pioneer of Allen County, gave a vivid description of the camp meetings held here as early as 1838. "On three sides of the square," he says, "were placed the log cabins of the campers and on the fourth side was the preacher's cabin or tent as it was called. Within the enclosure thus formed were the seats for the audience, 240 - HISTORY OF ALLEN COUNTY the undergrowth being cleared off, leaving the saplings, which furnished a dense shade. Camp-meetings were usually held in July or August and in pioneer days the camp-meeting was one of the great events of the year, many coming from a great distance. Aside from its religious features, it afforded an opportunity for those living widely separated to meet and enjoy social intercourse ; candidates for office sometimes took advantage of these meetings to do some electioneering and in a quiet way urge their remarkable fitness for the office to which they hoped to be elected. Some of the ministers who attended were giants both physically and intellectually. "Sunday was the great day for the meeting. In the early morning people began to assemble from all directions on foot, on h0rseback, in all sorts of vehicles and carriages and long before the meeting the woods around the camp-grounds were alive with people, horses and vehicles. As night came on, the campground presented an extremely interesting and picturesque appearance, with the camp-fires blazing in front of the cabins. While some were engaged in cooking their evening meals, others were holding impromptu prayer meetings. Not infrequently might be seen, in shadowy relief, youthful lovers conversing in low, suppressed tones, evidently not on the subjects that concerned their spiritual welfare. A few shrill blasts from a tin horn, announce the hour of meeting, the scattering groups assemble on the seats in front of the preacher's tent, some one starts a familiar hymn which all join in singing, and the evening service begins, which often lasts far into the night. "One of the most attractive features of these meetings to me," Mr. Dobbins continues, "was the singing, which I very often enjoyed. I remember one of the favorite hymns they sung was the 'Turtle Dove.' I admired it so much that I committed it to memory, but have forgotten all but the first verse: Hark ! don't you hear the turtle dove The token of redeeming love, From hill to hill we hear the sound The neighboring valleys echo round. "There was something sublime and beautiful in the music of that sweet, old hymn, swelling from the lips of the vast congregation, so full of soothing melody, as it rose soft and clear, floating upward and dying away amid the sighing of the summer wind in the surrounding forest." METHODIST. Grace Methodist Episcopal Church.—On Christmas Eve, 1879, was held the first prayer meeting of the Methodists in South Lima at the residence of Joseph Ballard. Those present were Mr. and Mrs. Ballard and Timothy Shroyer. On the 6th of March, 1880, at the second quarterly meeting of the Shawnee circuit held at Allentown, Ohio, the Methodist Church of South Lima was organized. Addison Berry was presiding elder and W. G. Littell was pastor of the Shawnee circuit. J. Ballard, Simon Halm, W. P. Witherill, R. H. Snodgrass, Jerome Shockey, George Busick and Wesley Ritenour were the first trustees of the organization. The services at the first were held at the residence of the pastor where the St. John's road intersects Main street. In the fall of 1880, Rev. Maltbie was pastor and during his ministration the lot at the corner of Elizabeth and Kibby streets was purchased and the first church building was commenced. This building, still standing on West Kibby street, is 0wned by John Boysell. The next pastor, Rev. Joseph Webber, came in the fall of 1881 and was followed in 1882 by Rev. J. L. Albritton. The church was finished during his ministry and was dedicated in November, 1881, by Rev. Harvey Wilson. In 1883 the present church edifice on the corner of Elizabeth and Kibby streets was finished and dedicated August 3rd by Rev. Leroy Belt. The following pastors have since served : Revs. J. H. Crooks, R. W. Schultz, D. R. Cook, Peter Biggs, Stewart Baumgartner, L. S. Albright, W. H. Leatherman, W. J. Hegerman and T. L. Wiltsee (deceased in October, 1903). AND REPRESENTATIVE CITIZENS - 241 The church was remodeled and dedicated in September, 1895. It is free from debt and in a prosperous condition. Epworth Methodist Episcopal Church.— At a quarterly conference held in the autumn of 1894, at Trinity Methodist Episcopal Church in Lima, E. Charity, Dr. T. H. Foltz and H. Parham were appointed a committee to find a church site, raise money and proceed to erect a church building in East Lima. C. McCurry was later added to the committee and they proceeded to purchase a lot and let the contract for the erection of a frame building. This building was dedicated July 7, 1895, by Rev. D. Moore, editor of the Western Christian Advocate, now one of the bishops of the Methodist Episcopal Church. The class was organized with 51 members by the first pastor, Rev. J. F. Olive, and at the close of the year the class showed a healthy growth, an Epworth and a Junior League being organized in the meantime. In September, 1895, Rev. E. T. Daily was appointed to serve the people of Epworth, but his throat becoming affected he was compelled to rest from the ministry for a time and Rev. B. F. McCoy came to fill out the year. In October, 1896, Rev. F. A. Zimmerman was pastor and was followed in October, 1897, by Rev. D. R. Cook. Two years later Rev. George Wood Anderson was appointed to the Epworth charge. He labored most earnestly for the upbuilding of the church. In the early part of his pastorate the church building was destroyed by fire, which caused discouragement, but not loss of hope. Renewed' courage came, and they went from tomb-stone shop to Opera House for services, while a new building was in course 0f erection. The membership grew and the church gained prestige in the city. In August, 1902, the present beautiful 'church building, costing $17,000, was dedicated by Rev. L. A. Belt, D. D., president of the Ohio Normal University, of Ada, Ohio. After four years of zealous work, increasing, 'the membership to more than 300, Mr. Anderson was transferred to a New York conference and stationed at Troy, New York. Rev. C. C. Kennedy was his worthy successor, and labored for a year most faithfully to collect subscriptions and reduce the church debt. His success was considerable. Rev. B. F. Reading was the next pastor, and with good audiences, a go0d Sunday-school, a growing Epworth League and a splendid Junior League, the congregation seems hopeful for the future. Her people are pleasant, devoted, faithful and sacrificing and when the church debt is paid, Epworth will be one of the most pleasant and desirable charges in the Central Ohio Conference. St. Paul's African Methodist Episcopal Church.—This church was organized in 1862 by Rev. Grafton Graham, at the residence of James Robinson. There were only four members—James Robinson, Catherine Robinson, Patrick Howard and Rebecca H0ward, none of whom is living. Rev. H. J. Andrews was the first pastor. They held their meetings for about a year in private houses and then purchased the old schoolhouse which they 0ccupied until 1875. At this time through the efforts of Rev. Reuben Clark, the old Presbyterian Church, located at the corner of Spring and Elizabeth streets, was bought from the First Presbyterian Society for $1,600 and this is their present place of worship. The church is in .a flourishing condition, with a membership of 130, a splendid Sunday-school, and a church property free from debt. Rev. Thomas Alfton is the pastor. BAPTIST. The First Baptist Church of Lima was organized January 25, 1834, with 26 members : Mr. and Mrs. James S. Daniels, Mr. and Mrs. William Chenoweth, Mr. and Mrs. James Johnson, Mr. and Mrs. Thomas Hawthorn, Mr. and Mrs. Samuel Lippincott, Mr. and Mrs. John Lippincott, Mr. and Mrs. Samuel B. Lippincott, Mr. and Mrs. Samuel Homan, Mr. and Mrs. Barzillai Osborn, Nancy Johnson, Benjamin M. Daniels, Nancy Daniels, Betsy Terry, Sarah Chalmers, Phoebe Homan and Rev. and Mrs. William Chaffee. Rev. William Chaffee was their first pas- 242 - HISTORY OF ALLEN COUNTY tor. The church was admitted into the Mad River Association August, 1834. Until October 18th of that year services were held in the old Court House, at which time a house of worship was completed which is still standing on the corner of Union and Spring streets. A request of the Presbyterian society for the use of the church on certain days was unanimously granted. Thus so early in our simple church history was recognized that principle now so widely advocated—"the universal brotherhood of man." The granting of such a request would no doubt have been considered sacrilege in the early days of the New England settlements. Yet I doubt not through the ages one increasing purpose runs, And the thoughts of men are widened with the process of the suns. In 1855 the present house of worship was erected and was dedicated to the worship of God in June, 1856. There have attended the church through the vicissitudes and triumphs that necessarily came, 21 pastors, as follows : They are : William Chaffee, James French, Daniel Thomas, J. Dinkleman, D. Beemis, J. C. Armstrong, G. L. Stevens, J. L. Moore, T. M. Chapman, C. A. Clark, James Sykes, A. G. Kirk, M. W. Holmes, J. B. Cook, W. E. Wen-man, D. B. Cheney, D. D., W. E. Freeman, G. B. Morse, C. M. Rupe, Deere and George Lord. During the pastorate of J. L. Moore, W. W. McKibben, who is now a missionary in China, was converted. It was while Mr. Moore was pastor that an organ was purchased and at the pastor's request was taken quietly into the church, as certain members were opposed to instrumental music. South Lima Baptist Church.—This church occupies a tasteful brick edifice at the corner of Kibby and Pine streets, and is situated in the centre of a large and interesting population. Its membership is composed of working people of sterling character and spiritual worth. By their fellowship in Christian work and worship, they give promise of becoming one of the vigorous spiritual forces of South Lima. The church was organized May 31, 1896, in the W. C. T. U. Hall on West Kibby street, by 22 persons, who received letters of dismission from the First Baptist Church for the purpose of organizing a church on the' South Side of the city. At this time there were in that portion of the city a population of 6,000, and only two churches, these together having a membership of less than 1,000. They were recognized August 31, 1896, as a regular Bap tist church by a council of delegates from churches of the Auglaize Association. They chose for their name, "The Berean Baptist Church of Lima, Ohio." Rev. George Byron Morse, the retiring pastor of the First Baptist. Church who had led them in the movement, was elected to be their pastor. Other officers. were : Mrs. Emma Van Horne, clerk ; John Bradrick, treasurer; Mrs. Allie Miller, financial secretary ; Rev. George Byron Morse, superintendent of the Sunday-school ; R. E. Irwin and C. C. Klumph, deacons. The First Church turned over to them their mission at the corner of Second street and Forest avenue, and C. C. Klumph was elected to be its superintendent. They occupied for their first place of worship, the second floor of the Bowdle Block, corner of Main and Pine streets. The organization began its work with enthusiasm and its first year, though one of struggle, was active and prosperous. At the end of 18 months, however, the pastor adopted the views of the Plymouth Brethren, and, with a half dozen other mem bers, left the church and denomination to unite with that body. In January, 1898, their place of worship was changed to a room on Main street, a. little north of Kibby, and Evangelist H. R. Baker was engaged to conduct a series. of meetings. These resulted in several accessions and the calling of Mr. Baker to become' their pastor. For five months, the stipulated time, he satisfactorily served them. About this time they gave up their place of worship, and all meetings and the Sunday-school were held in the home of Mr. and Mrs. John Bradrick, who nobly offered it for the purpose. In April, 1899, Rev. L. J. Baker was called to become their pastor and began work with encouraging prospects, but the church failing of expected aid from the Ohio Baptist Convention,. AND REPRESENTATIVE CITIZENS - 243 he felt obliged to relinquish the work the following August. This was followed by a season of great depression. In the early fall the minds of the church and some friends outside, turned to Rev. W. H. Gallant, long and favorably known as a man of superior judgment and of great energy and success in church building, as a desirable leader for them in their present crisis. They called him October 8, 1899. He accepted and at once entered upon the work. His coming brought new hope, and introduced the period of the church's greatest prosperity. The first month had not closed before they had bought the very desirable lot at the corner of Kibby and Pine streets ; and it was only a short time until pastor and people were engaged heart and hand in the work of building a church, an enterprise that hardly any other than Rev. W. H. Gallant would have thought possible of consummation. The work was carried forward with the pastor's well-known energy and tact, and the following fall, at the end of his first year of service, a church property costing more than $5,000 was dedicated free from debt. Rev. Dr. George E. Leonard, corresponding secretary of the Ohio Baptist Convention, preached the dedicatory sermon. During this year the name was changed to "The South Lima Baptist Church." Mr. Gallant's pastorate was also marked by a healthy spiritual development, and considerable growth in membership. In the summer of 1902 the pastor resigned and removed to St. Marys. In October of the same year the church called to its .pastorate Rev. G. W. Schmitz, then pastor at Ada. He served a year and a half in a pastorate of hard work and Christian devotion, but relinquished the work in March, 1904. The church was finding itself lacking in unity. There were unhappy difficulties and alienations, and several were excluded from the membership. Hearts were sore and there were discouragements. Rev. C. M. Rupe, formerly pastor of the First Baptist Church of Lima, and at this time temporarily sojourning in the city, was requested to serve the church as supply until they should become ready to co-operate in the call of a pastor. This arrangement proved useful, and after a few months, at the urgent solicitation of a portion of the church and of the superintendent of missions of the Ohio Baptist Convention, Rev. C. J. Rose, he yielded to a call of the church and became its pastor and entered upon the work in October, 1904, the Ohio convention guaranteeing a liberal portion of the support. He is still serving the: church in this capacity. It is believed that the church is entering upon a new and prosperous era. Unity and concord have been attained. Alienations have been healed. With unanimity and harmony, pastor and people are working for the growth of the church and the extension of the Kingdom of Christ. The church is well organized in all departments. The Sunday-school is a flourishing one under the superintendency of C. C. Klumph. The church societies are a Woman's Missionary Society and a Ladies Auxiliary, both under the presidency. of Mrs. John Bradrick ; a C. & W. Society composed of young women, Mrs. R. P. Ransom, president ; also a weekly boys' and girls' meeting, conducted by the pastor. The present offi cers of the church are : Rev. C. M. Rupe, pas-: for ; Ralph P. Ransom, clerk ; L. S. Gilmore, acting treasurer ; Mrs. Frank Smith, financial secretary; C. C. Klumph, superintendent of the Sunday-school ; M. L. Metzger, C. C. Klumph, R. E. Irwin (non-resident) and A. F. Palmer (non-resident), deacons. The present mem bership is 96. The pastor and church are facing the future with anticipations of vigorous. growth. The Second Baptist Church (colored) was. organized about 20 years ago and has now about i00 members. Rev. Albert Grayson is. pastor. CATHOLIC. Church of St. Rose.—As early as 1830, Father Stallo, a missionary from Cincinnati, visited the Catholics of Allen County. Four years later the Father Baden visited this part of the State. The first mass in Lima was celebrated at the home of Mr. O'Connell by a Sanguinist Father in 1846, many people coming a distance of 15 miles to take part in the holy 244 - HISTORY OF ALLEN COUNTY sacrament. During the building through Lima of the Pittsburg, Fort Wayne & Chicago Railway and other roads, large additions were made to the Catholic population who were attended from 1850 to 1855 by Father Sullivan, of Tiffin and Father Kreusch, of Westminster, Ohio, alternately. Father Kreusch took steps for the building of a church, but was much discouraged when many of the Catholic families moved West. He, however, received as a donation from Nicholas Gunkel, a well-to-do Catholic pioneer, a fine lot on the Ottawa road, now North West street, and soliciting subscriptions from Catholic and Protestants alike, he succeeded in building a brick Gothic church, 34 by 40 feet in dimensions, in which he celebrated mass in 1858. The church was named "St. Rose" in honor of America's first canonized saint. John Goebel, one of the members of the original congregation, as a labor of love, made by hand all the windows and door frames, often working late into the night. Rev. Patrick Henneberry visited Lima in 1856. His successor was Rev. Michael Prendergast who visited Lima periodically in the year 1861. Rev. Edward J. Murphy was appointed St. Rose's first resident pastor, October 19, 1861. Land was purchased by Father Murphy in 1864 for a priest's residence. In June, 1862, Mathias H. Nichols, an ex-Congressman and one of our most prominent men, donated to the church a plot of ground, 350 feet on North West street by 360 on West McKibben. The priests since the removal of Father Murphy in 1869 have been : Rev. James O'Reilly who selected the present site of St. Rose; Rev. A. R. Sidley, Who succeeded him and sang the first mass in the new church on New Year's Day, 1872 ; Rev. Francis J. Henry, who came after him in 1876; Rev. James O'Leary, who came in 1886 ; and Rev. Alfred E. Manning, who took charge of the parish in 1893. During the administration of Father Sidley the present church building was erected at a cost of $30,000, which included the cost of the bell, the high altar and the organ. Improvements also were made in the parish school. Through the liberality of the people and the administrative ability of Father Henry the heavy church debt was cleared off during his administration, in 1882. He also erected the Sisters' residence while additions were made to the school and improvements secured for the church. Father Henry died in Lima in 1886. In 1887 Father O'Leary improved the church building by raising the roof and erecting the present graceful spire, known to all citizens of Lima. The ,following year a new schoolhouse, the one standing at the present day, was erected and an addition was made to the parochial residence. At this time the great development of the oil industry brought to Lima a number of hardworking respectable Christian families, many of whom sought the privilege of the Catholic Church and it soon became a matter of necessity in order to accommodate them to either greatly enlarge St. Rose or to erect another church edifice. The former proposition was decided upon and in the fall of 1891 the sum of $12,009 was spent on the enlargement and improvement of St. Rose. Among these improvements were a 40-foot addition to the church, beautiful stained glass windows, a new high altar and mattings and carpets. In March, 1892, a grand pipe organ was placed in the church, which cost the congregation the sum of $3,043. When Father O'Leary was called to Cleveland, he left but a small debt behind. On November 1, 1893, the present priest, Rev. Albert E. Manning, was called to Lima from St. Ann's, Fremont, Ohio. He continued the work of improvement and from 1894 to 1896, accomplished the installment of modern heating apparatus in the church and school and in the residences of the Sisters and the priest. A further addition was made to the Sisters' residence, the school and residence of the priest were improved and stone walks with curbing were laid. The parish grew to such an extent that some five years ago it was divided and St. John's Catholic Church was erected at No. 799 South Main street. St. Rose has many church societies through which all the members of the congregation are reached so that each and every one can take active part in the upbuilding and improvement of the parish. AND REPRESENTATIVE CITIZENS - 247 St. John's Church, located at No. 799 South Main street, was started by Rev. F. G. Rupert, who began his labor here June 30, 1901. The organization was speedily effected. The first committee consisted of Thomas Pha-len, H. S. Simons, J. J. Malloy and D. J. Danaher as councilmen, and of F. X. Sieber, Andrew De Curtins, Cornelius McAuliffe, John F. Seifried and Edward Kane as building advisors. Leech & Leech were employed as architects and De Curtins Brothers as builders. July 10th the plans were made and July 27th the contract was let. Excavation was begun August 1st, and on September 8th the corner-stone was laid by Rt. Rev. J. F. Horstman, Bishop of Cleveland, amidst a vast concourse of people. It was estimated that 10,000 persons were present, many of whom had come from neighboring towns. On November 17th, the edifice was far enough advanced toward completion so that divine services could be held in it. On December 8th the bell that now swings in the church tower was blessed. St. John's church and school edifice was solemnly dedicated on December 15th by Rt. Rev. J. F. Horstman, assisted by the pastor, Rev. F. G. Rupert, and others. The first floor is used for divine services and has a seating capacity of 575. The second floor has four large school rooms, and four cloak rooms and the third floor is a society hall 40 feet by 92 feet in dimensions. The building is 48 by 102 feet in dimensions and cost $20,000. The parochial rectory was begun in the late autumn of 1902 and finished in 1903. The parish embraces all Catholic families south of Market street and at present numbers 300 families. The parochial school was organized in the spring of 1902, with the Sisters of Charity, from Mount St. Joseph, in charge. Under Father Rupert's care the parish and school have steadily increased in numbers and efficiency and are important factors for good in the South Side community. Father Rupert is a very forceful speaker, and a writer of marked power. His recent articles in The Educational Herald, of Lima College, have been very widely read. He has many friends in Lima. LUTHERAN. Zion's English Evangelical Lutheran. Church.—Back in 1854 a number of Lutheran people of Lima and vicinity met together for the purpose of organizing a congregation. A preliminary organization was formed and services were held in temporary quarters. On May 2, 1855, a full constitution was adopted and the congregation was named the "First English Evangelical Lutheran Congregation of Lima,. Ohio." On January 20, 1862, the congregation was incorporated under the laws of Ohio as "Zion's English Evangelical Lutheran Congregation of Lima, Ohio," and Henry Boose, Joseph Roush and G. W. Overmyer were elected trustees of the congregation. During the first 11 years the people were served in rapid succession by Revs. Doner, the Stirewalt brothers, Corbett and Nunemacher. Their first house of worship was the old school house, purchased from the city and situated on the site of the present church. In 1865 Rev. A. S. Bartholomew was called to the pulpit and served the congregation until about 1880. During the early part of his pastorate the present church edifice was built. During the latter part of his ministry he was assisted by Rev. G. T. Cooperrider for two years and Rev. C. H. Eckhardt for one year. After this the latter served the congregation till 1894. Rev. Carl Ackerman was pastor from April, 1895, to June, 1896. Rev. F. W. Rohlfing was pastor from June, 1896, to June, 1898, since which time Rev. Carl Ackerman has again served. The church has increased in membership in late years and is in an excellent condition at the present time. St. Paul's Lutheran Church.—In the early '70's a number of persons belonging to Zion's. Lutheran congregation separated from that church and organized St. Paul's Lutheran Church under Rev. J. G. Neiffer. It was chartered in 1880 and has steadily increased in importance as a religious factor in the development of Lima. In November, 1885, Rev. J. H. Hunton succeeded to the pastorate and served the congregation with singular acceptance and ability for a period of 14 years and one month. Under the pastoral care of Mr. Hunton, 248 - HISTORY OF ALLEN COUNTY the congregation increased in numbers and spiritual power. The church was freed from a troublesome debt and the lot was purchased on which the present structure stands. A large part of the price of the lot was paid by the Dime Society, which had been organized several years before. In the year 1897, Rev. C. S. Kohler, of Mount Vernon, New York, became pastor. His first work was to continue taking subscriptions for a new church, begun already by his predecessor. During the pastorate of Mr. Kohler, the new church was erected almost to completion. He was succeeded by Rev. F. P. Bossart, the present pastor, who is now in the sixth year of his incumbency. The church was speedily completed and dedicated with noteworthy and impressive services. A new and elegant pipe organ costing $2,000 was placed in the church and paid for on completion. The congregation has largely increased, now numbering 350 members. The debt is being paid off gradually so that no one feels burdened. The Sunday-school under the efficient superintendency of Hon. I. S. Motter, assisted by a splendid corps of officers and teachers, is doing fine work. The organizations in the congregation, in addition to the Sunday-school, are the Ladies' Aid Society, the Dime Society, the Faithful Helpers and the Luther League. The congregation has an honorable record in the church at large. The church is beautiful throughout and has brought out the admiration and praise of all who visit its sanctuary. Its impressive liturgy and its simple and unostentatious style of worship meet the needs of the human heart. First Evangelical Lutheran Church.—This is a church of the General Synod. Rev. F. M. Traub is pastor. German Lutheran Church.—This church has 135 members and Rev. R. Brenner is pastor. The church building was erected on Kibby street in 1904. REFORMED. German Reformed Church.—In 1860 very few Germans were living in Lima. Having no church where German services were held, Dr. P. Greding, then living at Riley Creek, felt that something could and should be done for these people. In a true missionary spirit he would ride to Lima on horseback over the mud roads, to preach in the German language. Later a German society was organized and a constitution adopted. Their first services were held in Sanford Hall and later in the Lutheran Church on Union street. In 1865 a little brick church was built on West Wayne street under the pastorate of Rev. William H. Fenneman. In 1887 during the ministry of Dr. J. H. Stepler the present church was built at a cost of $18,000. The church has now a membership of 800 with Dr. Paul H. Land as pastor. The previous pastors were Revs. Greding, Rettig, Fenneman, Pluess, Waldecker, Stepler and Baum. Calvary Reformed Church was organized several years ago in a little frame building on the bank 0f the river on South Main street. On finding the location unfavorable, the society in 1894 purchased the corner lot on Park avenue and East High street where the present edifice was erected. The congregation was founded by Rev. J. J. N. Gruber, and since his time has been served by Revs. M. Schultz, D. J. Burkhalter, J. C. Hornung, F. C. Cromer (who resigned his pastorate to go as missionary to China), A. D. Wolfinger and Ervin E. Young, the present incumbent. The church is well organized having a Christian Endeavor, a Junior Endeavor, a Ladies' Aid Society and a Mission Study Class. The Sunday-school has a membership of nearly 200. CHURCH OF CHRIST. Wayne Street Church of Christ.—The Church of Christ was organized in Lima on the 2nd of December, A. D. 1869, according to the following agreement : "We, the undersigned baptized believers, agree to unite ourselves together into one body, to be known as the Church of Christ at Lima, Ohio. And we further agree that in everything pertaining to church relationship we will be governed by the teaching of the Word of God." This agreement was signed by the following persons : AND REPRESENTATIVE CITIZENS - 249 David S. Cross, Francis M. Hall, H. W. Lewis, Byron Hale, A. P. Dixon, E. J. McGuire, T. A. Udall, N. N. Dixon, Sallie R. Cross, Keziah Turney, Esther Hall, Lydia McGuire, Jennie Barber and W. H. Harper. On the 16th of July, 1871, the church employed as pastor, Rev. G. M. Kemp, who remained until October, 1879. The present pastor is Rev. J. M. Scholes. The house owned by and in which the society meets for religious worship is a brick structure on the south side of Wayne street between Main and Elizabeth streets. South Side Church of Christ.—This church is located at the corner of Central avenue and Kibby street. It occupies an elegant and commodious new brick structure and is a very progressive and prosperous congregation. From its organization it has enjoyed unbroken and rapid growth numerically and financially as well as spiritually, and now has nearly 500 names enrolled in its membership, including a flourishing mission in Highland Park. The organization was effected on the evening of March 2, 1897. Thirty-nine members of the Wayne Street Church of Christ, who at their own request had received letters of commendation and dismissal, met in the Congregational Church of Lima. Rev. J. V. Updike, of Fort Wayne, .Indiana, who was present by. invitation, preached a sermon "The Model Church" and proceeded to organize them and put them into working order. Israel Conrath and Philip Ingledue were selected for elders for deacons—W. N. Faurot, A. Clark, L. E. Cowles and William H. Smith. The trustees elected were George East, Philip Ingledue and George Daniels. For clerk, H. W. Pears was named and elected. From this time regular services were held in the home of L. E. Cowles for a short time until April of the same year, when the church building on South Main street, formerly occupied by the English Reform congregation, was rented. Later the present site was secured and the church house built. On September 21, 1899, the corner-stone was laid with fitting ceremonies with Rev. C. Mitchell, W. Brundage and J. B. Underwood officiating. The building was completed and furnished and on June 10, 1900, was dedicated by Hon. Z. T. Sweeney, of Columbus, Indiana, late consul to Turkey. Under the leadership of its present pastor, Rev. G. H. Sims, the church paid off its mortgage on December 17, 1905. This paper was burned at the close of fitting exercises and rejoicing, six years from the laying of the corner-stone. In April, 1897, Rev. C. Mitchell held a short meeting, then for six weeks Rev. A. W. Spill of Warren, Ohio, acted as pastor. Later Rev. J. P. Myers, of Wauseon, Ohio, was called to be minister of this flock for the first year of its history. During this year 30 members were added. On October 15, 1898, Rev. C. Mitchell took his place and continued as pastor for the succeeding three years. Under his ministry the church building was erected. In October, 1901, the present pastor, Rev. G. H. Sims, took up the work and is now in his fifth year with unabated success. During his ministry $800 in debts have been annually paid, the mortgage cancelled, and a flourishing mission started in Highland Park, for the lot and little chapel on which there is a debt of only $83. The pulpit in this mission has been supplied gratis by several neophyte young preachers, W. Pugsley being the present incumbent. Several preachers have started out from this congregation and are either at work or are preparing for it. Mr. Sims is intensely missionary and the church with its own home mission is looked forward to sending out a foreign missionary to be supported by them. EPISCOPAL, Christ Protestant Episcopal Church.—The beginnings of Christ Church Parish date back to the early '70's. There are no records of these early years in the archives of the parish, either because none was kept by the officers, or, if kept at all, because of their subsequent loss through carelessness or mischance. Such facts stated herein as relate to the early years have been gathered from the memories of the older residents of the parish, and, because of