300 - HISTORY OF ALLEN COUNTY hallway of the building, entering the rooms through small registers in the sidewalls. Thus, in addition to supplying heat, the system furnishes fresh air, and the temperature may be easily varied. In the summer time when heat is not needed, ventilation and plenty of pure air may be forced into the rooms by this same appliance. When the building was erected, its machinery equipment included a very large and powerful double gas-engine, intended for operating a dynamo by which the building was made independent of an outside lighting plant, as well as power supply for its elevator, which at that time was electrically driven. But it was found that the gas-engine was too energetic, caused too much vibration, made too much noise, and that the maintenance of this system of power and lighting supply was more expensive and less satisfactory than to obtain it from outside sources; hence the big engine was dispensed with. There are now several medium-sized motors in the basement performing the various functions for which they are intended such as pumping water and operating the fan-heating system. The Masonic Temple stands a monument to Masonry, and a place of interest .in Lima, whose citizens are proud to point it out to visitors as one of our handsomest and best buildings. The present official board of The Masonic Hall Company is as follows : President J. D. S. Neely; secretary and treasurer (also superintendent of the building), R. L. Bates; board of directors, R. L. Bates, D. J. Cable, E. R. Curtin, J. J. Ewing, C. W. Lewis, W. M. Melville and J. D. S. Neely. INDEPENDENT ORDER OF ODD FELLOWS. Allen Lodge, No. 223, was instituted in Lima, April 12, 1853, in what was then called the old Badeau Block, on the southwest corner of the Public Square and Main street. The charter members of the lodge were Charles Bloem, Eli Bond, J. J. Knox, D. S. Taylor, Samuel Ebersole, William Gibbs and A. R. Kincaid. The first officers of the lodge were Eli Bond, N. G. ; William Gibbs, V. G.; J. J. Knox, recording secretary ; D. S. Taylor, treasurer ; and the first persons to be initiated into the lodge were John Lenhart and George Cowles. The secret society is an important factor in promoting brotherly love and a closer fellowship among men, and in those early days Allen Lodge helped to inculcate the principle that "each is not for his own sake." The membership rapidly increased and such names as William Cunningham, David Dellinger, Reuben Hardesty, C. D. Coldron, W. B. Stump, Calvin Halladay, Frank Ashton, S. A. Smith, J. L. Keve, J. M. Bond, W. H. Kemper, and later, Benjamin C. Faurot, Jacob Crites, A. R. Creps, J. C. Musser, Daniel Angel, D. E. Fritz on its list show the high esteem in which the order was held by the notable and solid men of the village. It has always been true to its fundamental principals and has always labored for the good of mankind. When the lodge was about 15 years old, larger and more commodious quarters became. necessary. In 1866 Hudson Watt put up a two-story building and a contract was made with him to add a third story as a home for the lodge. The walls were up and the timber on for the roof when one of the worst storms that. has ever visited Lima came up and demolished the structure. This was a serious blow for Allen Lodge, for into this building had gone almost the entire funds,, amounting to nearly $3,000. A discouraging era for the lodge was. this, but the membership went on increasing and in 1869 Ashton Hall was rented, where the lodge held many profitable and enjoyable meet ings. Lima Lodge, No. 581.—There comes, however, a time of branching out to all things that grow—in fact branching is a proof of growth —and in 1874 some of the old members grew dissatisfied, separating from Allen Lodge and instituting Lima Lodge, No. 581. The spirit of rivalry kept both lodges working hard and the membership grew rapidly. Solar Lodge, No. 783.—In process of time Lima as a city stretched out and spread very much to the south of the river. Here another branch was added to the order under the name of Solar Lodge No. 783, which was instituted AND REPRESENTATIVE CITIZENS - 301 in 1890 and conducted meetings in the Boysell Block in South Lima. The venerable parent lodge still lived on in the old Ashton Block, toiling away in this place for 37 years. But the old Square grew too noisy and a quieter place was sought for. This proved to be the Central Building on North Main street where Allen. Lodge is now located. The oldest member now living and still under the care of Allen Lodge is G. W. Osborn, of California, who is in his 86th year. The oldest initiated member still living is W. H. Kemper, of Lima. J. L. Keve joined the order in the year 1859. His son, Samuel Keve, joined in 1901. At present there are about 700 Odd Fellows in the city. Other Odd Fellow organizations in Lima are as follows : Lima Encampment, No. 62 ; Ohio Encampment, No. 256; and Canton Orion, No. 24, Patriarchs Militant. Daughters of Rebekah.—There are three Rebekah lodges in Lima : Golden Gate Lodge, No. 260; Shawnee Lodge, No. 280 ; and Estella Lodge, No. 355. KNIGHTS OF PYTHIAS. Lima Lodge, No. 91, was instituted in the afternoon and evening of July 27, 1875, by Supreme Representative E. T. Haines, dispensation being granted by Grand Chancellor John G. Thompson. The charter members were: Walter B. Richie, H. H. Cole, J. C. Edmiston, J. W. Sullivan, James Harley, Henry G. Hadsell, Elton G. Metheany, Thomas Gillespie W. W. McCormick and J. C. Musser. Of these charter members, five have passed away and Walter B. Richie is the only one of the charter list that remains and is now a member of Lima Lodge. On August 5, 1875, John F. Hauenstein and John N. Hutchison applied for membership and were initiated on August 9th. Two hundred and seventy-six constitute the membership at the present time. For the first two years the lodge met in the old Badeau Hall directly over the present site of Harold Cunningham's drug-store. It then moved to the Langan Block, which location is now occupied by the magnificent red-stone City Bank Building. These quarters were meagre and crude and in the year 1883, the lodge having grown in membership, a committee consisting of Walter B. Richie, F. A. Holland and Dr. P. H. Brooks was appointed to secure new quarters, which were finally obtained of Harmon Kibby and John Martin for the present quarters located at the northwest corner of Spring and Main streets. The entire arrangement and furnishing was left to the committee, the lodge refusing to hear a report from them until all was finished. None of the members knew what was in store for them until the night before the dedication of the hall, when such property as was desired to' be transferred was transferred to new castle hall and the same, elegantly furnished, was lighted up to the delight of the membership of the lodge. In 1881 the Uniform Rank was organized and for many years was an important feature of the lodge. At the annual election in December, 1881, Walter B. Richie was elected grand outer guard and in the succeeding year was elected grand chancellor, the chief officer of the State. The enthusiasm and zeal of Lima Lodge kept it in great prominence throughout Ohio and this was due to a royal c0terie of workers, among whom none was more prominent than Dr. P. H. Brooks and F. A. Holland. The enthusiasm and prominence of Lima Lodge resulted in the selection of Walter B. Richie as representative to the Supreme Lodge within 15 minutes after he had vacated the chair of grand chancellor, and that position was by him occupied until 1892, when he was unanimously elected from the floor of the Supreme Lodge to. the position of supreme vice-chancellor and at the bi-ennial meeting, two years later, in the same manner was elected supreme chancellor of the Knights of Pythias, which position he occupied for a period of two years. During this time it became apparent that a revision of the ritual for the order should be had and under authority from the then Supreme Chancellor Douglass, in 1886 Mr. 302 - HISTORY OF ALLEN COUNTY Richie began the preparation of a new ritual, and had it in such complete form that in 1890, at the convention of the Supreme Lodge in Milwaukee, a committee was appointed, headed by Mr. Richie, to prepare and report at the next convention a new ritual for the order. This was done at Kansas City in 1892 and the new ritual was exemplified by a team selected from Lima Lodge, who, upon invitation of the Supreme Lodge, were present to exemplify the work. This team was made up of the following members : W. W. Andrews, F. M. Bell, Henry Blosser, W. E. Booth, A. S. Bower, Charles Bressler, P. H. Brooks, K. P. Cleveland, S. B. Douglass, Dr. S. B. Hiner, Howard Harrison, J. F. Hauenstein, Ed. W. Hiner, F. A. Holland, D. S. Irwin, G. H. Irvin, George E. Keil, J. S. Kitchell, S. K. Krauss, Wallace Landis, F. C. McCoy, W. M. Melville, C. F. Metheany, J. E. Morris, D. W. Morris, T. J. Morris, B. H. Oyler, J. W. Puetz, 0. F. Ramseyer, W. J. Richie, Walter B. Richie, T. E. Thompson, G. W. Van Rensselaer, E. K. Wilkins and Amos Young. In recognition of their services the Supreme Lodge made an appropriation of $1,000 to defray their expenses and unanimously adopted the following : "Resolved that the thanks 0f this Supreme Lodge are due and are hereby tendered to the team of Lima Lodge, No. 91, of Ohio for the beautiful rendition of the proposed new ritual witnessed by this body, without which an adequate conception of the work could not have been attained." The result of this was that the work of the .committee was adopted without the change of a single word by the remarkable vote of 115 to 3, the three apologizing for their vote solely upon the ground that they had been instructed by their Grand Lodge to vote against any change. It may have been something more than mere chance that caused the founder of the order, Justus H. Rathbone, when taken ill while upon a lecturing tour, to come to Lima where the best of surgical skill and every kindness and courtesy of the membership of Lima Lodge were extended to him. On November 18, 1889, Drs. Hiner, Steiner and Harper performed an operation upon Mr. Rathbone for carbuncle, expressing, however, no hope for his recovery. Nurses were provided and physicians kept constantly in attendance. Just at this time the Lima House was being closed for repairs but Mr. Rathbone's room was left undisturbed. His illness resulted in his death on the afternoon of December 9, 1889. There were at his bedside at this time : Mrs. Mary D. Pease (his sister) and his two daughters; Lucetta S. and Sara Dwight Rathbone. The body was embalmed and at seven o'clock was taken to the castle hall of Lima Lodge, where T. J. Morris, D. W. Morris and K. P. Cleveland acted as guards during the night and were relieved during the next day by E. Hover, Will Deakin and George A. Greenland. Immediately upon the death of Mr. Rath-bone, the supreme chancellor, William Ward, of Newark, New Jersey, was notified and that officer telegraphed Supreme Representative Walter B. Richie to spare no expense. On the evening of December l0th a memorial service was held in the castle hall and there were present, in addition to the members of Lima Lodge, Past Supreme Chancellor Howard Douglass and Supreme Representative Butterfield, of Cincinnati ; General Carnahan, of Indianapolis ; Grand Chancellor Franklin Ellis,of Troy and Supreme Representative John C. Burns, of Mansfield. Rev. A. L. Fraser, of Christ Protestant Episcopal Church delivered an address which was followed by addresses from others present. A special train had been chartered, consisting of baggage car and two sleepers. On the first was the remians of Mr. Rathbone with escort from the Uniform Rank consisting of F. C. McCoy, W. E. Booth, B. F. Schwab, Bruce Oyler and E. Hover. The second car was occupied by distinguished members of the order and the third car by the relatives. The remains were taken to Utica, New York, where interment was made and afterward on July 26, 1899, the order universal erected a handsome monument at the grave of its founder and again was Lima Lodge represented by the then Past Supreme Chancellor Richie, who delivered the address at the time. AND REPRESENTATIVE CITIZENS - 303 Thus it will be seen that no lodge of any fraternity occupies so important a place with its society or has had so much to do with its history as Lima Lodge has had with the order of Knights of Pythias. Its motto has been to select for its membership men of such character that no member need be ashamed to introduce them to the loved ones of their homes. Lima Lodge has lived up to the full limit of its opportunity and upon its rolls are found a goodly representation of the best citizenship of Lima. BENEVOLENT AND PROTECTIVE ORDER OF ELKS. Lima Lodge, No. 162, was organized on February 2, 1892, in their present lodge rooms in the Hohl Block on South Main street. L. M. Hadden, at that time district deputy for Ohio, had charge of the installation services. The lodge started out with a charter membership of 25, comprised of the following : Walter B. Richie, T. A. Robinson, William R. Mehaffey, George Monroe, Alex. McDonald, E. W. Hiner, Ed. Horn, E. B. Mitchell, C. D. Crites, W. L. Mackenzie, Jason Lamison, F. E. Baxter, Charles M. Hughes, E. E. Linn, John Lamberton, Ralph L. Bates, William McComb, Louis J. Stueber, W. H. Woolery, A. M. Frankel, Amos Brown, John Kinney, James Lomison, Charles Pangle and Robert Pearl. The elected officers for the first year were : Walter B. Richie, exalted ruler ; Jason Lamison, esteemed leading knight ; George Monroe, loyal knight ; E. E. Linn, esteemed lecturing knight ; T. A. Robinson, secretary ; F. E. Baxter, treasurer and James Lomison, A. M. Frankel and Ralph L. Bates, trustees. A number of new members were taken in the first year and the lodge has steadily increased until now it numbers over 400, including members from Delphos, Van Wert, Wapakoneta, Celina, New Bremen and Uniopolis. The Elks have always been both aggressive and progressive. They have as their motto—"That we write the faults of our brothers on the sand—their virtues on the tablets of love and memory," and as their creed : "Believe in thyself as well as in others ; exalted be thine ideas of right be lenient ; protect childhood with tenderness, woman with chivalry, old age with respect ; let others seek to benefit ; do good here and now ; cherish with reverence the memory of those who have passed ; enjoy the good things of earth; keep with thee the glorious sunshine of youth, and above all remain always of good cheer." One of the most beautiful features of this order is the custom of holding annually, in honor of the departed members, a lodge of sorrow. The last session of this nature was held in the opera house, Lima, on Sunday, December 3, 1905, and as usual the services were very beautiful, pleasingly appropriate and well attended. The program included ritualistic work, musical numbers, furnished by local talent, and the eulogy for the honored dead of Lima Lodge, which was delivered by Dr. D. H. Sullivan, one of the past exalted rulers of the organization. In paying fitting tribute to the memory of the departed brothers, he did not forget to also remind his hearers of the good deeds that the living of the order are doing from day to day in the exemplification of the noble principles of the order—charity, jus tice, brotherly love and fidelity. Rev. Crozier G. Adams, a member of the St. Louis Lodge of Elks, who recently accepted a call to the rectorship of Christ Protestant Episcopal Church, also addressed the meeting. The honored dead of Lima Lodge are the following : Charles Schmidt, Edward D. Horn, Charles M. Hughes, Gustav Frankel,. Lawrence O'Neil, Chester M. Johnson, William H. Thompson, Frederick B. Agerter, Henry J. Lawlor, John F. Lamberton, Calvin S. Brice, William A. Simmermacker, G. H. Williamson, Amos Young, Howard G. Hyde, Thomas Cahill, Herbert L. Brice, Edward E. Linn, Leroy H. Hume, Edward E. McCall, Samuel H. Sanford, William P. Knight, William T. Mooney, Louis J. Stueber, C. A. Layton and Frank J. Taubkins. The present officers of Lima Lodge are as follows : H. K. Fredericks, exalted ruler ; H. O. Bentley, esteemed leading knight ; Chester Tucker, esteemed loyal knight ; T. J. Cunningham, esteemed lecturing knight ; Harry N.. 304 - HISTORY OF ALLEN COUNTY Lamberton, secretary ; Peter T. Mell, treasurer ; J. W. Beall, esquire; Carl F. Fletcher, inner guard; I. N. Pangle, tyler ; Fred Herold, Sherman Werner and E. J. Neuman, trustees. IMPROVED ORDER OF RED MEN. A lodge of this order was first organized in the early '50's by some of the well-known lawyers of the town. Among the first members were Benjamin C. Metcalf, C. N. Lamison, C. M. Hughes and others. Later a second lodge was organized by T. D. Robb who was also a member of the first organization. This lodge died and the third lodge was organized, again by T. D. Robb, and this at present is in a flourishing condition, having about 300 members. The order now has three lodges : No. 267 (German), Pht Tribe, No. 23 and Matoaka Council No. 25. ANCIENT ORDER OF UNITED WORKMEN. Lima Lodge, No. 64, was organized about 1883. Among its first members were Ed. Hull, W. Wise, John Remagen, Phil. Goebel, G. W. Engle, G. Day, F. Gift, M. Rittenhour, John Blocher and H. H. Shafer who were elected officers in January, 1883. KNIGHTS OF THE MACCABEES. The first lodge of this order in Lima was organized February 27, 1893,- with some 25 charter members and the membership has. grown to about 500 at the present time. The first tent organized was Lima Tent, No. 142, which is still in existence. Two other tents, known as Banner Tent, No. 356, and Petroleum Tent, No. 422, branched from the old one. About a year ago, however, Petroleum Tent, No. 422, went back to the mother tent, leaving but two tents in the city. The K. O. T. M. ranks high as a fraternal order, giving substantial insurance to its members at the lowest possible rates. The order also has a sick and accident department which is under the supervision of the Great Camp for Ohio. These great camps are located in all of the States where the order is in existence. The membership of the order at present is about 34,000. LADIES OF THE MACCABEES. Lima Hive, No. 43, was organized in July, 1893, in the Crall Block with 30 charter members. The following officers were chosen : Clara Calkins, past commander ; Mrs. Eva . Gamble, lady commander ; Mrs. Della Harboldt, lieutenant commander ; Mrs. Edith Stickney, record keeper ; Mrs. Mary Lawther, finance keeper ; Mrs. Lute Berry, chaplain ; Mrs. Nettie Gibson, mistress at arms ; Mrs. Letty Keve, sergeant at arms ; Mrs. Lindell, sentinel ; and Mrs. Mary Wolkois, picket. The hive has at present a membership of 190. The insurance carried amounts to $90,000. In the last seven years the insurance benefits have reached $10,000. Allen Hive, No. 197, was organized in 1897 with 125 members. MODERN WOODMEN OF AMERICA. This order operated in 37 different States and Territories of the .Union, from Maine to California, is purely a fraternal beneficiary society. Lima Camp, No. 3290, is the local branch of this association and was instituted at Lima, October 15, 1895, in W. T. Copeland's law office in the Saterthwait Block with the following charter members : H. C. Bennett, J. E. Coleman, W. T. Copeland, J. H. Daller, J. P. Halt, J. U. Heineger, William S. Houser, P. A. Kahle, T. F. Laudick, R. E. McCauley, J. A. McIndoe, Ezekiel Owen, O. J. Rose, W. G. Smith, John E. Summers, D. S. Schweitzer, and F. T. Wood. The society has a membership of about 500. Since organization there have been 13 deaths. Death benefits are paid in amounts varying from $500 to $3,000. The officers for 1906 are as follows : C. A. Graham, consul ; W. M. Hardesty, adviser ; O. F. Lyle, banker ; W. T. Copeland, clerk ; Isaac Stants, escort., Elmer Ehrisman, watchman ; W. H. Stapleford, sentry ; D. A. Long, chief forester ; Al- AND REPRESENTATIVE CITIZENS - 307 bert First, chaplain ; T. L. Harper, S. P. Driver and Frank Creps, managers. WOODMEN OF THE WORLD. This is an insurance organization and has one lodge in Lima, Allen Camp, No. 84, of which E. R. McCleary is clerk. TRIBE OF BEN HUR. This is also a fraternal insurance society. Mrs. Alice Tuttle is scribe of the local lodge, Lincoln Court, No. 23. PATHFINDERS. Ontario Lodge, No. I I, is the older of the two Lima lodges of this insurance organization. Oswego Lodge, No. 387, was organized January 18, 1905, with 35 charter members, and has grown steadily until its membership now numbers 75. FRATERNAL ORDER OF EAGLES. Lima Aerie, No. 370 is the local lodge of this insurance society. PROTECTIVE HOME CIRCLE. Lima Circle, No. 210. This is the only representative in Lima of the P. H. C. HOME GUARDS OF AMERICA. Buckeye Lodge, No. 16. This is another insurance organization. ROYAL NEIGHBORS OF AMERICA. Holly Camp, No. 1813. This is the local lodge of a society whose chief feature is fraternal insurance. ROYAL ARCANUM. This is an insurance organization, of which the local representative is Lodge No. 1162. KNIGHTS OF THE GOLDEN EAGLE. The local lodge of this society is Wayne Castle, No. 58. CATHOLIC ORDER OF FORESTERS. Lima Court.—The following are the officers for the year 1906: Max Falk, deputy high chief ranger ; Frank Burger, chief ranger ; John J. Sullivan, vice chief ranger ; Daniel Collins, past chief ranger ; John Downey, recording secretary; Otto Geise, financial secretary ; John Seiferd, treasurer. ANCIENT ORDER OF HIBERNIANS Is a fraternal organization composed of Catholic members. There are two divisions. John J. Mallory is president of Division No. 2. CATHOLIC KNIGHTS OF AMERICA. John Finn is president and Thomas Gorman, secretary, of the local lodge known as Branch No. 100. C ATHOLIC MUTUAL BENEFIT ASSOCIATION. This is an insurance organization. Branch No. 64 is the local representative of the order. KNIGHTS OF ST. JOHN. This is a fraternal organization with also an insurance department. J. M. Dufresne is president and Edward McCurran, recording secretary, of Commandery No. 201. Alice Cunningham is recording secretary and Kate O'Brien, president, of the Ladies' Auxiliary, Knights of St. John. KNIGHTS OF COLUMBUS. This is a Catholic society established throughout the United States. It has both a social and an insurance purpose. The local council Lodge No. 436, was organized in Lima on June 25, 1899, with the following officers : Chaplain, Rev. A. E. Manning; grand 308 - HISTORY OF ALLEN COUNTY knight, Joseph A. Dutton ; deputy grand knight, John H. Louy ; recording secretary, Joseph Madigan ; chancellor, W. T. Mooney ; financial secretary, J. M. Bingham ; treasurer, John S. O'Connor ; lecturer, Edward Christen ; advocate, H. J. Schmittshulte ; warden, W. H. Mattingly ; inside guard, W. J. Barrett ; outside guard, P. E. Spellacy ; trustees, John F. Linderman, John M. McVey, W. H. Duffield, P. J. Doolin and John Finley. Early in December, 1905, the following officers were chosen : Chaplain, Rev. A. E. Manning; grand knight, Joseph A. Dutton ; deputy grand knight, John McNeff ; financial secretary, E. Christen ; recording secretary, H. J. Pflum ; chancellor, Dr. G. S. Weger ; warden, M. J. Callahan ; lecturer, C. J. Dimond ; treasurer, T. A. Collins ; advocate, C. A. Steuve; inner guard, Thomas Keville ; outer guard, W. C. Baker ; trustees—William H. Duffield, John Finley and Dan F. O'Connor ; organist, O. W. Reagan. GRAND ARMY OF THE REPUBLIC. Mart Armstrong Post, No. 202, was named after Capt. Martin Armstrong, of Company B, 8I st Ohio Infantry, who was killed in the battle of Shiloh, the 6th of April, 1862. The organization of the Post is chronicled in the following words in the post records : "At a meeting of ex-soldiers of the late war held in the office of John McKibben in the Badeau Building, Wednesday, April 19th, 1882, for the purpose of organizing a post of the Grand Army of the Republic, Comrade Dr. R. W. Thrift presided. Seventeen comrades enrolled themselves as charter members and an election held, when Comrade Owen Francis was elected the first commander. The present commander is A. M. Dildine, who is justly popular among the coterie of veterans here because of his efficiency and uniform courtesy. The other officers of the post are as follows : E. G. Copeland, senior vice commander ; Calvin Osborn, junior vice commander ; George Hall, surgeon ; Thomas A. Maltbie, chaplain ; John H. Nye, officer of the day ; George Bowers, officer of the guard ; W. D. Heffner, quartermaster ; M. F. Allen, H. H. Heman and F. D. Louthan, trustees. The post. feels a just pride in having had the office of department commander conferred on one of its most active members, Col. B. M . Moulton, whose administration culminated in the glorious encampment at Washington Court House, in 1905, which was the peer of any ever held in the department. WOMEN'S RELIEF CORPS. Mart Armstrong Corps, No. 94, was organized in Lima in October, 1885, with 24 charter members, Mrs. Thrift serving as president. The aim of the society is to aid and assist the Grand Army of the Republic ; to perpetuate the memory of its heroic dead ; to assist unfortunate and enfeebled Union veterans; to extend needed help and sympathy to their widows and orphans ; to maintain true allegiance to the United States of America ; to instill lessons of patriotism and love of country among our children and to promote the great principles of fraternity, charity and loyalty. UNITED SPANISH WAR VETERANS. This is a national society to which the soldiers and officers who participated in the Spanish American War are eligible. The local branch, Lodge No. 39, has 48 members. The officers are as follows : J. Heffner, commander ; George Eckert, senior vice commander ;1 Charles Reynolds, junior vice commander; C. N. Breese, adjutant ; Robert McPeak, quartermaster. THE CRUSADE AND THE W. C. T. U. By S. C. Berryman. When the crusade movement swept our State in 1873, Lima's daughters entered the struggle with a desperate determination to do or die. Not a few of them had sore hearts because of the havoc being wrought in their own homes. A meeting was called at the home of Mrs. J. R. Hughes, and the Crusade in Lima was launched with Mrs. Hudson Watt president, Mrs. Richard Metheany, Mrs. J. R. Hughes and many others, vice-presidents. AND REPRESENTATIVE CITIZENS - 309 Mrs. Metheany has a very vivid recollection of the stirring scenes that followed, and I am indebted to her for most of the facts in regard to it. She was very loath to enter personally into the work, but she could not get away from the pleadings of duty; she was troubled and could not put it out of her mind. She would not go to a meeting but sent her daughter Clara. One day Clara came home and said : "Mother you might as well have gone; they have appointed you vice president." She thought, "I will not serve." Then the meeting was announced to be held at the Baptist Church and as a good church woman she had to go. There she heard her name read off for leader of one of the bands next day. She said to her husband, who was mayor, "How would you like to see me leading a gang of women along the streets and stopping in the saloons?" He replied, "I'd be proud of you." That made her feel worse than ever for she saw that he thought she ought to go. The next day she donned a heavy baize veil—most of the women wore heavy veils. She does not know why they wore them but she wore hers to cry behind. The plan was to meet at Trinity Church and hold a prayer service, then to march forth two and two. Her impression is that there were about three hundred in line. At the Square they, separated into two bands, and taking all the saloons in their course, would meet at the depot, and then all march back to the church to report. She said it was wonderful how the feeling of timidity and self-consciousness left them when once they had fared forth. Women who had never prayed in public knelt on the sidewalk or in the saloon and prayed. Most of the saloon keepers would open the door with a "Walk in Ladies." If they were not invited in, they would sing and pray outside. Favorite songs were : "What means this eager, anxious throng," "Jesus of Nazereth passeth by," "All Hail ''the Power of Jesus Name," "Nearer my God to Thee." Doepkins and Herrick were particularly angry with the movement. The former chalked off a large space in front of his place and de- - 17 - dared that any one who stepped over would be arrested. So they kneeled down close to the marks. At Herrick's he ran out with a tin pan and a hammer and made as loud a din as possible, then he went back and armed himself with a great knife, but he allowed his wife to, hold him back. At one place dirty water was thrown into the throng of Crusaders. At another a trap was set just inside the door with the intent to precipitate the women into the basement, but some one gave it away and the ladies turned a deaf ear to his urgent invitation to enter. Most of the men would stand and listen to the service with the greatest attention and respect. One man said : "Do you; think drink is the worst sin in the world. Some of you do worse than that." The next clay Mrs. Webster was chairman of the meeting-and she talked so tactfully and pointedly that the two or three, who were bringing reproach, dropped out. They went three days in- the week for several weeks, then they detailed two ladies to go to every saloon and watch. Later a petition was written asking the saloon keepers to promise to quit the business and women carried it to every one. One black-eyed fellow by the name of Fisher said to them. "You are no ladies" and followed them a block or more scolding, but they would not talk back. The late Mrs. Calvin S. Brice delivered several temperance lectures, which are said to have been very fine. Mrs. Will Watt remembers seeing her kneel down in the slush and pray. Quite a religious awakening followed the crusade, and also the Murphy movement, which swept our State two or three years later. Lima was stirred as she never has been since. Great mass meetings were held and a pledge signing revival was soon in progress. There was wild excitement the night so many prominent lawyers signed the pledge. They had staid quietly in the study until the invitation was given and then many prominent men marched in with them and signed and had the blue ribbon pinned on their coats. Among the many noble women of Lima who entered.. heart and soul, into the crusade were : Mrs. Hudson Watts, Mrs. J. R. Hughes. Mrs. Sarah Robb, Mrs. John Luce, Mrs. Webster, wife 310 - HISTORY OF ALLEN COUNTY of the pastor of the Methodist Episcopal Church; Mrs. Charles N. Lanison, Mrs. T. P. Johnston, wife of the pastor of the Presbyterian Church ; Mrs. Martha J. Ballard, Mrs. C. C. Brice, Mrs. Emma Metheany, Mrs. Anna Morris, Mrs. Calvin S. Brice, Mrs. Emma Lynch, Mrs. Holmes, wife of the pastor of the Baptist Church ; Mrs. Thomas K. Jacobs, Mrs. W. L. Watt, Mrs. Josiah Williams, Mrs. H. A. Moore, and many others equally devoted to the great cause. As everyone knows, the outgrowth of the crusade was the Woman's Chistian Temperance Union. The first union was organized in .Lima in 1882 by Mrs. Mary A. Woodbridge. It did not long survive but was reorganized in 1899. In 1895 South Lima perfected an organization and the two unions flourished for a time. They did a good work among the children. The North Side had a "Boys' Brigade," with 200 boys. Mrs. Henry Moore and Mrs. Eb Davis had charge. Captain Gale drilled them. On the South Side Mrs. W. E. Crayton was the superintendent and had 200 children enrolled in a "Loyal Temperance Legion." For a time the unions had their own headquarters. The present organization was prefected in 1903. In 1904 an effort was made to provide a rest and recreation room for women, but failed to receive the encouragement that would warrant launching the scheme. It is still under advisement and will doubtless be consummated at no distant day. In 1890 a very successful State convention was held at Lima in the Methodist Episcopal Church, and in 1892 the mid-year meeting was entertained. Temperance lectures have been frequently given and pledge cards provided for the Sunday-schools of the city and in many other ways the cause of temperance has been aided. YOUNG MEN'S CHRISTIAN ASSOCIATION. The first attempt to establish a Young Men's Christian Association in Lima was made in the year 1870. Iniatiatory steps were taken and an organization effected. A constitution and code of laws was adopted for its government. Officers were elected, committees ap pointed and funds to the amount of $500 were raised for the support of the institution. A pleasant room was rented near the southeast corner of the Square in which were placed the weekly papers, monthly magazines and other choice reading matter. J. R. Hughes was president for the first year and H. Parham, secretary. For the second year, R. K. Darling was president ; A. M. Metheany, G. W. Walker and D. S. Cross were vice-presidents and E. F. Davis was secretary ; D. Newell was treasurer ; Messrs. Dixon, Coldron, Moser, Selfridge, T. E. Cunningham and D. Angell constituted the board of managers. After two or three years the organization died out and though considerable talk was indulged in from time to time relative to starting a new organization nothing ..definite was done until November 7, 1887, when with Prof. Fred Bell as the leading spirit an organization was affected. There were at first 125 members. Rooms in the Collins Block were secured and improvements made on them to the amount of $1,000. The members struggled bravely during the first year to hold the association together. The work about this time received a new impetus under the able management of Mr. Gordon and Mr. Street and in the fall of 1888 a number of new members were received. The united cooperation of every minister and layman in Lima and vicinity made the February of 1890, when Mr. Yatman came, a memorable time and a high-water mark in the religious work f0r Lima. The association at present (1906) is in a flourishing condition and has about a thousand members. The building which they occupy was finished in 1894 and is one of the handsomest structures in the city. There are 24 rooms in the building. These include the parlor, reading rooms, plunge, gymnasium, etc., and they are equipped and furnished with everything that may add to the comfort or convenience of its members. The Y. M. C. A. today is a very potent factor for the good of the State, in that it works for the upbuilding of character. No part of the young man's life is neglected or overlooked. Railroads, and all large employers of men, now recognize the AND REPRESENTATIVE CITIZENS - 311 value of the Y. M. C. A. and, in many places, these firms place the Y. M. C. A. on their payroll for a regular monthly contribution. In Lima's Y. M. C. A. special emphasis is given to educational work for men and boys in the night classes. In these classes young men are supplied with a splendid opportunity to make use of their spare time and improve their earning power and ability. There are classes in mechanical drawing, ordinary and shop arithmetic, bookkeeping, penmanship and business English. The cost to the student of attending a class is merely nominal. Practical talks on subjects of general interest are also a feature of the educational work. These are offered free and also to all men whether members of the association or not. The association's reading room, stocked with all the popular magazines, newspapers and technical periodicals, is visited by hundreds of men every week. The chief purpose of the association is the development of character and therefore the strongest emphasis is placed on such lines of religious effort as are best suited to develop strong, manly men. At the same time the liberty of every man to decide these things for himself is thoroughly recognized and attempts to force religious ideas upon any one are avoided. The excellent work of Lima's Y. M. C. A. is shown by the following figures taken from the report for the fiscal year ending April 30, 1905. The year beginning May I, 1904, there was on hand to the credit of the association $1,697.04. There was received during the year a total of $10,978.09, chiefly comprised in these items : Subscriptions $6,485.92 ; memberships, $3, 309.03; towels and baths $323.25 ; educational fees, $298.75; rent, $262.50; sundries, $04.- 96; and Sunday collections, $69.43. There was paid out during the same period a total of $12,191.47, leaving a balance on hand of $483.66. The assests 0f the institution amount to $41,665.07, of which the chief items are : Real estate, $35,000 and furniture and fixtures, $3,000. The liabilities amount to $5,595.79. During the year there was an attendance at all religious meetings of 13,274 ; total attendance at educational classes, 931; while the attendance at social meetings, comprising seven banquets, three lectures, six receptions and nine socials, amounted to 2,409. There were eight gymnasium classes with class enrollment of 43o and total attendance of 10,001. The total membership of the association, as given in the report, was 974, of whom 174 were boys. The executive officers are : Frank Eberhart, general secretary; N. L. Snider, assistant secretary ; H. M. Spaulding, office secretary ; and W. S. Shepard, physical director. The president of the board of directors is A. L. White, vice-president, J. A. Bendure ; treasurer, L. H. Kibby and recording secretary, G. A. Herrett. THE LIMA CLUB Was incorporated October 22, 1894. The first officers were as follows : President, William K. Boone; vice-president, J. W. Van Dyke ; secretary, Herbert L. Brice; treasurer, G. E. Bluem ; board of trustees—William K. Boone, J. W. Van Dyke, J. B. Vail, Samuel A. Baxter, F. A. Husted, Herbert L. Brice and Owen Francis ; house committee—J. G. Neubauer, William M. Melville and F. E. Baxter. The officers for 1904-05 were : President, F. C. Becker ; vice-president and treasurer, T. J. Morris ; secretary, C. W. Hollister ; trustees—F. C. Becker, R. L. Bates, H. M. Moore, Walter B. Richie, A. C. Reichelderfer, J. R. Sinclair, and T. J. Morris; house committee—W. J. Booth, J. P. King and H. K. Fredericks. The following have served as presidents : William K Boone, J. W. Van Dyke, J. B. Vail, T. K. Jacobs, C. H. Cory, R. L. Bates, J. G. Neubauer and F. C. Becker. The pleasant and well furnished club home is located at the corner of Elizabeth and High streets The membership of the club is limited to 100. The membership in 1905 was as follows : W. T. Agerter, R. W. Argue, R. L. Armstrong, R. L. Bates, J. A. Bendure, Samuel A. Baxter, Frank E. Baxter, Clem S. Baxter, Alfred C. Baxter, Don A. Baxter, J. K. Brice, W. J. Booth, F. J. Banta, F. C. Becker, L. E. Beeler, G. E. Bluem, J. E. Cheuvront, 312 - HISTORY OF ALLEN COUNTY F. D. Carpenter, C. D. Crites, C. H. Chappell, Jr., E. R. Curtin, M. Cokely, H. D. Campbell, George R. Carter, J. F. Cover, Asa Catt, G. W. Chisholm, H. F. Crandall, W. A. Campbell, D. J. Cable, F. H. Downing, G. P. Dildine, C. F. Dow, D. C. Dunn, J. J. Ewing, T. J. Edwards, H. K. Fredericks, C. H. Folsom, J. R. Finnell, D. L. Goodyear, E. M. Gooding, D. C. Henderson, C. W. Hollister, Laurens Hull, J. H. Huntley, J. O. Hover, J. P. King, M. M. Langan, W. W. Leighton, J. E. Mowry, J. C. Linneman, E. J. Maire, F. L. Maire, T. J. Morris, H. M. Moore, P. T. Mell, W. P. Mehaffey, W. M. Melville, G. H. Metheany, A. L. Metheany, J. V. Miller, J. C. McCoy, Nels Nelson, J. G. Neubauer, W. F. Numan, F. O. Olson, J. F. Orthwein, D. J. O'Day, (deceased in May, 1905), John O'Brien, J. S. Pursell, Jr., Louis Platt, H. H. Penny, Jacob Piper, Jr., G. H. Quail, J. C. Ridenour, W. B. Richie, W. L. Russell, A. C. Reichelderfer, T. D. Robb, J. W. Roby, Nelson Shook, W. M. Scott, M. W. Standish, D. W. Steiner, J. R. Sinclair, C. F. Stolzenbach, William Steward, G. F. Southard, G. D. Thrift, T. E. Thompson, O. G. Tague, R. O. Woods, A. L. White, B. F. Williams and H G. Wemmer. The Lima Club was instrumental to a large degree in securing for Lima the State Hospital for the Insane, as it was in their club rooms that the members entertained the business men at a social session, and started the machinery going, resulting, as everybody knows, in a victory for Lima. THE BUSINESS MEN'S ASSOCIATION. "One of the flourishing social and business organizations of Lima, and one that is highly appreciated by its extensive membership is the Business Men's Association. "This organization first saw the light of day a little over a year ago, there being at the time of its institution the names of about 20 of our merchants on the rolls. Since that time it has grown and broadened in its field until to-day its membership embraces more than 100 of the foremost business men of the city, in fact practically all the leading men in the various lines of mercantile life in Lima. "Quoting from the constitution and bylaws of the association it is found that its objects are to unite all classes of business and professional men to work for the general good and promote by all legitimate means the social, moral and business interest of its members. Among the special objects sought to be attained are the following : "1. Promoting kindlier feeling towards honorable competitors and removing the inclination to berate and criminate neighbors in trade. "2. Greater care to secure good helpers and make and keep them worthy by a livelier interest in their efforts, habits and comforts. "3. Inspiring confidence between buyer and seller by doing business on legitimate principles. "4. Abolishing the tendency to indiscriminate credit, and stimulating the selling of merchandise for ready pay. "As is too frequently the case in all towns and cities, there is also in Lima, or rather there was, a sort of jealous rivalry among merchants, especially among those in the same or similar lines of business which carried to the extent of almost open enmity. One object of the organization of the Business Men's Association was to wipe out this situation and to. create a deeper sentiment of brotherly love between the merchants of Lima ; to obliterate this senseless opposition and to create a bond of unity and good feeling which would make it possible in times of a desirability of union of action to get together and work together to a common end. That it has been successful in this regard is evidenced by the good work accomplished by the association last year in th:: matter of the new State Hospital. But for the prompt and energetic work performed and assisted by it, it would never have been possible to accomplish the desired end in raising the guaranty fund. "Another point in this same project was the entertainment tendered the visiting members. 'of the commission, when more than l00 business men, members of the association, gathered in the parlors of the Lima Club to welcome the commissioners and aid in sh0wing to them our deep interest in the project, and in convincing AND REPRESENTATIVE CITIZENS - 313 them that Lima first, Lima last, and Lima all the time was the proper location for the institution. A closer bond of unity, a better and more brotherly feeling to-day exists among the business men of Lima than has obtained dur- ing the last 20 years, and it is all due to the organization of this association. "The association again gave evidence of its power for good when it obtained from the lighting companies a much lower rate for the curb lighting than either city officials or political parties were able to obtain. It wields an influence and a power in private and in public business affairs which cannot be ignored. "The association has agitated the question of taxation in this city with the result that the levy for 1906 is lower than it has been at any time during the past 10 years, while the general tax rate has been reduced from that of last year. "Another object sought and attained by the association was legislation prohibiting the use of the Public Square and Main street by fakirs who heretofore came into the city, opened up shop and proceeded to dupe the people by selling to them all kinds of worthless stuff at fabulous prices, taking good money out of the city and leaving nothing in return for it. It was upon their initiative also, that the ordinance was finally passed by the Council requiring the express wagons and moving vans to vacate the Square and Main street. "One of the objects of the association during the present year will be to show to the people of Lima the absolute foolishness and poor policy of patronizing mail order houses, who take money out of Lima but never send a dollar of it back to pay taxes, wages, the doctor bills, rent and the grocery and meat men. The association will endeavor to convince the people of Lima that a dollar spent at home in the long run buys much more than the dollar sent to Chicago or New York. "The association celebrated the first anniversary of its organization with a banquet at the parlors of the Y. M. C. A. building at which more than 200 covers were laid. On that evening new officers were chosen for the ensuing year to succeed President George L. Newson, Vice-President Z. A. Crosson, Treasurer O. J. Feltz, and Secretary C. M. Chown. The result was as follows : President, W. E. Penny ; vice-president, D. Cramer; treasurer, 0. J. Feltz; and an executive board was authorized and chosen as follows : G. E. Bluem, Jonas Wohlgmuth, T. F. Drake, N. L. Michael, F. E. Harman, George L. Newson, J. E. Grosjean, Charles Herbst and J. R. Rickoff. The power and prerogatives of the executive board are practically unlimited, and it will act for the association in all matters where authority is required. The organization of this board was made almost imperative from the fact that it is almost impossible to secure a majority attendance of the association for action on anything but matters of the utmost importance, and a smaller and more mobile organization for executive action was a necessity." THE LIMA PROGRESSIVE ASSOCIATION Stands for the development of the commercial and industrial interests of the city, and the organization, backed by men of sound business sense and integrity, is beginning to make itself felt. With this particular means of inspiring a movement toward bigger and better things, the men with capital to invest, where the element of safety is sufficiently assuring, have shown a desire to respond to the recommendations of the executive committee of the association. The primary purpose of the associati0n is to advance the interests of the city in every way possible and look after conditions that suggest improvement in order that fundamental principles of a live and up-to-date city may not be lost sight of. Since the election of a permanent secretary, the association has come into close touch with the manufacturing institutions of Lima and the natural and healthy growth of most of them is an assurance of success for others that will come to be established where the best of facilities are offered as the first inducement. There is material proof that Lima is growing rapidly, and the opportunities are so great in every direction that a city of double the pres- 314 - HISTORY OF ALLEN COUNTY ent population within the next T0 years is not deemed an extravagant prediction. To accomplish this much desired end a feverish haste is not necessary, but every-day push and energy that will keep everlastingly at a thing until it is accomplished. It is to lead the way, offer means and methods, accept and investigate suggestions, advertise the city and bring its unsurpassed facilities for factories and homes to the attention to the outside world, that the Lima Progressive Association was organized, and to-day the secretary's office in the Masonic Building is an active and busy one. It is not the intention to make Lima the dumping ground for worn-out industries, but the association offers the open door to any solid institution, large or small, that will bear close investigation. They secretary receives almost daily bulletins of factory and industrial movements, the information covering every state in the union. A single letter is often times sufficient to make further investigation mere waste of time, but at present there are several propositions that have proven to be worth probing, and will be presented to the stockholders as soon as the executive committee has carefully weighed every point in the controversy. The movement to establish an iron rolling-mill in Lima was inspired by the desire of a similar concern to move its plant here, but the original proposition was declined as impracticable. The association had no desire to encourage the idea of giving absolute control to a foreign corporation which could operate the mill at its pleasure. However, the idea took root and those in touch with. the project agreed that Lima, with its splendid railroad advantages and nearness to points of consumption, was an ideal location for just such an industry. It is also conceded that around an iron mill invariably cluster smaller factories that desire to be in close touch with the raw material, so that the proposed institu tion has a double value. It is as necessary to advertise a city and its advantages, as it is to advertise a man's private business and to this end the association is now working. A handsome prospectus of the city has been compiled by the secretary of the association, which is illustrated with many halftone cuts of factories, business blocks, residences, street views, public buildings, parks, etc. ; the prospectus contains just the information that men desire who are looking for a good town in which to live or do business. The association has been given just the sort of encouragement that is needed to accomplish the purpose for which it was organized. The membership committee made a few days' canvass and secured a long list of new members. and since then many have come in voluntarily. The officers and directors of the associa tion are as follows : President, A. L. White;. vice-president, D. C. Dunn ; secretary, Mc-. Dougal Emmett ; treasurer, G. E. Bluem ; executive committee—J. C. Linneman (chairman), J. A. Bendure, C. F. Donze, F. E. Harman, D. J. Cable and J. D. S. Neely. CHAPTER XVIII MILITARY HISTORY OF ALLEN COUNTY The Military Instinct—"Old Militia. System"—Headquarters at Allentown—Major General Blackburn and Brigadier General Armstrong—Division Martial Band—The Old Muster Days—Gallant Mart Armstrong—First Company of Volunteers from Lima—The Honor Roll—"Nichols' Guards"—Captain Lamison's Company—In Camp at Columbus Benton's Ferry, Virginia—The "Home Guards"—Lima a Military Station under Colonel Pillars—Adjutant General Meily—"Melancthon Light Guards"—"Lima City Guard"— Famous Company C—Spanish-American War—"Kirk Cadets"—Company of Spencerville. Many nights with rifle near me Have I passed when clad in blue, Wakened by the loud reveille, Wakened, wet with morning dew; But the worn and weary soldier No such keen delight can know, As to listen to the trumpet Sounding "taps" so soft and low. The military instinct is innate in man—so is the instinct of organization. Some one has said that many a boy is recalcitrant, and hostile to discipline under ordinary conditions and environments, but put a military cap on him, band him with associates and he will submit to the strictest rules and regulations not only with willingness but with pride. This accounts for our military institutions, also for the important place athletics holds in our schools and colleges. The same instinct perhaps is the foundation for the fellow feeling which every old soldier has for every other old soldier. That other may be a stranger and may hail from some distant State, but the fact that he has "worn the blue" and has marched shoulder to shoulder under the old flag, gives passport to the heart of every veteran he meets and kindles there a fraternal sentiment which no other trait or qualification can hope to win. In 1792 under provision of the Constitution, Congress passed an act for the enrollment in the militia of all able-bodied white male citizens, between the ages of 18 and 45, except certain officers and other persons exempted. That law with some slight modifications (one of which is the striking out of the word "white") is the law of to-day. The system usually referred to as the "Old Militia System" came into use at the beginning of the 19th century, and terminated at the outbreak of the Civil War. Under this system every citizen Was enrolled and almost every county was the home of a regiment or a brigade. There were certain vague regulations requiring each member to appear at stated intervals for instruction in drill. The State furnished but few arms and most of the men were equipped with cornstalk guns. Allentown was the headquarters of the Northwestern Ohio Division with Major General Blackburn commanding, and Brigadier General Armstrong commanding the Allen County Brigade. The musters were held at Lima, and they always fur- 316 - HISTORY OF ALLEN COUNTY nished an occasion for gaudy attire, as well as for settling old scores. All quarrels and difficulties were laid over until muster day when, after performing their duty to the State for a few hours, the men took the matter of "settling up" in hand. At Allentown, also, was located the division martial band, consisting of fifes and drums played by the Stuckey, Campbell and Westbay :boys. That old Allentown tune! It comes O'er my ear like the sweet. south That breathes upon a bank of violets, Stealing and giving odor. It should be perpetuated in every household in German township, for it belongs there as distinctly as "Maryland, My Maryland" belongs to Maryland. It took to the war many a gallant boy, who never returned and there is much of pathos and sentiment in its memory. On these muster days, General Blackburn, as handsome a soldier as ever mounted a charger, headed the procession and was foliowed by the band. The company was made -up of the Knittles, Herrings, Coons, Ridenours, Sunderlands, Ehrmans, Sawmillers, Stemens and many others. On account of his great weight, General Blackburn did not drill the State miliitia, and the work fell on Brig.-Gen. William Armstrong, who on these occasions, clad in his uniform and mounted on a large sorrel "Sheriff" by name, was at once the wonder and delight of his children. At one time he led a scouting party through that part of town known as Cole's Grove. His appearance at the time of the late war is thus described by an eye-witness :—"General Armstrong appeared upon the scene about four o'clock P. M. His coming had about the same effect as Sheridan's was said to have had upon the troops near Winchester. He was panoplied in all the pomp and circumstance of glorious war ; his chapeau was double the size of Nichols' or Lamison's ; his feather was a combination of red and white, and was plucked from the largest of the ostrich tribe his belt was mounted with a flaming sash; his beautiful gold epau lettes were the size of small saddle-bags and his sword was made for carnage." Although well along in years, General Armstrong filled out a company for the Civil War and was greatly disappointed as well as hurt to find the quota filled and his company rejected. His son, known as the gallant Mart Armstrong was killed at the battle of Shiloh, April 6, 1862, and was one of the first victims belonging to Lima. When General Armstrong went after his son's body, it would have required only the slightest encouragement to have had him remain and take his son's place. When on April 12, 1861, the firing on Fort Sumter sounded the tocsin of war throughout the Union, it fully aroused the military spirit in our little city. On Sunday the 14th, President Lincoln issued his first call for troops. Charles N. Noyer, a printer, was the first in the field from Lima. He enlisted with the Springfield (Ohio) "Zouave Guards" and left for Columbus about the 16th of April. On the 19th of April the first company of volunteers was organized, and left for Columbus April 22, 1861. The following is a list of the officers and members of the company : Captain, Mathias H. Nichols ; 1st lieutenant, Charles M. Hughes; 2nd lieutenant, T. J. Hustler ; sergeants—J. A. Anderson, J. N. Cunningham, William Bradley and W. H. Ward ; corporals—C. C. Oldfield, Milton Titus, J. B. Davison and Samuel McClure; privates—Joseph Shotwell, Jesse Tar-man, J. E. Tracy, William Gaunt, H. A. Hubbard, D. F. Cahill, Jacob Gensell, D. D. Gilbert, S. Ward, Jerome Straley, J. H. Linton, A. H. Chapin, S. W. Hull, T. S. Lisle, W. B. Sheadan, N. G. Franklin, J. A. Adgate, A. Huffman, Madison Alexander, J. M. Breese, G. A. Taylor, G. E. Poag, Aaron Buck, James A. Boyd, C. R. Tagan, J. N. Hover, S. R. Gilbert, E. Bates, C. Chaney, S. Henderson, G. W. Standiford, S H. Saxton, G. Tunget, P. Roush, J. R0ush, E. W. Crumley, James McClure, H. L. Stattman, N. Gunkle, A. Coon, J. B. Wilson, J. W. Rydman, Daniel Sowers, D. H. Brice, C. D. Anderson, D. Carlisle, W. V. Beatty, D. Brandt, Martin H. Ingledness, Charles Brenman, W. H. Junkin, Moses P. AND REPRESENTATIVE CITIZENS - 317 Hawk, Stephen C. Kent, Silas W. Faulkner, John W. Barton, Thomas P. Conner, R. B. Underwood, S. H. Underwood, F. D. Hipkins, Henry Gafney, D. A. Elder, Samuel Loomis, James Langan, David M. Bailey, Thomas H. Hullinger, Silas Reed, Joseph Mc-'Coy, David Sowers, Percival Tracy, John Hughes, Alf B. Crall, Thomas P. Johns, James A. Sutton, Abraham Fleming, Jacob Shambarger, Josiah Snyder, James W. Bailey, William Hardesty, D. D. Imler, Peter Tracy and James R. Cunningham. "Nichols' Guards," as the above company was called, went to Columbus on the 22nd of April. About 10 days later another company of volunteers was recruited, embracing the following list of names: Captain, C. N. Lamison ; 1st lieutenant, Martin Armstrong; 2nd lieutenant, George A. Taylor ; 3rd lieutenant, John N. Nuce ; sergeants—S. B. Stevens, Christian Niese, William J. Bashore and Fraley Fink ; corporals—Daniel Willower, William Howell, A. J. Bowers and Pierson S. Hubbard; ensign, Samuel Miller; privates—Cuno Gitzen, W. H. H. Shockey, Elias Howell, Lewis Spyker. Peter Getson, Arthur Reed, M. L. Bowyer, Hugh W. Ward, John W. Ditto, B. Bowers, Eli Flemming, G. W. Shannon, E. S. Jolley, W. H. Standish, J. C. Terry, J. Hurts, Jacob Levain, T. J. Myers, M. Mart, Peter McVesty, A. Fulmer, A. Hickerson, W. Vanmanter, M. Brown, W. D. Cunningham, L. E. Stevenson, W. E. Grubb, M. V. Cremean, Frank Wright, J. Shobe, J. Dwine, J. Poyenmire, S. Cremean, G. W. Christe, J. Parrott, William Hull, W. Jaggers, Seth Dixon, W. D. Johnson, H. Levain, J. McVain, E. R. Bett, C. Hook, G. Nuller, E. N. Tanyhill, G. Strow, W. Walls, T. Snyder, D. McCain, C. Buyer, W. F. Maltbie, D. J. Shuler, J. W. Meyers, A. Smith, Hance Martin, P. Aplin, J. J. Rhine-hard, P. Maloney, C. M. Minturn, F. H. Rumbaugh, S. D. Evans, H. Cremean, A. W. Mauk, Isaac Shobe, E. Shobe, Nathan Williams, George Daugherty, George Comer, L. F. Hemmard and J. Lowery. These two companies were both attached to the l0th Ohio Infantry, May 7, 1861. In the same month Captain Lamison was elected major in this regiment. The following is an extract from a letter written by a Lima boy while in camp at Columbus. It gives a vivid picture of those turbulent times : "Columbus presents a wonderful scene to one who has been accustomed to peace, and the calm of the rural home. Hurried preparations for the war are seen on every side. The beat of the drum, the march of the military companies, the constant huzzas for the Union, the singing of the 'Star Spangled Banner' and the curses upon traitors—all present a novel condition of things. "In Camp Jackson you will now see Prof. Lorin Andrews, Judge John A. Corwin, members of Congress, members of the Legislature, lawyers and ministers of the Gospel, all in the field, drilling companies and being drilled, preparing to meet in battle the Southern traitors. Hence the present manifestation is not the wild rushing together of madmen, but the calm determination of men of the highest intelligence, having the highest end in view that could animate a nation. "Nothing is more interesting than a visit to the camp-ground. Those of the companies who are not on drill you will see lounging around under the shade of trees, reading the latest news, writing letters with nothing but a board held on the knee for a table, or reading with calm thought their testaments! I do not believe there is a soldier yet arrived in camp unprovided with a Testament! Surely this is a Christian warfare. The Word of the Lord is our shield." The following is another extract written from Benton's Ferry, Virginia, June 18, 1861. —"On Saturday, the 15th, we crossed the `Rubicon' and landed on the Virginia shore. Getting aboard the cars we started, as did Abraham, not knowing whither we went. After a pleasant trip along the Ohio, we halted at a small town, Moundville, deriving its name from the ancient mounds around it. In an excavation of one a skeleton was found seven feet in height, which proves that there were giants in those days. Here we took quarters 318 - HISTORY OF ALLEN COUNTY in a brick house, formerly a tavern. Our duties were to guard public property, telegraph office and railroad bridges. "Monday we again boarded the cars bidding adieu to the Ohio River and the 'Buckeye' shore. We proceeded onward toward Grafton, passing through valleys and villages, towns and tunnels. After a distance of 8o miles we find our destination to be Benton's Ferry, 17 miles this side of Grafton. Here we received our uniforms, which consist of pants of gray satinette, with a black stripe, and waist coat or jacket of the same material. Our quarters are freight cars left for that purpose. We have been treated kindly by the citizens of Virginia all along our route. We were greeted with loud huzzas, waving hats and handkerchiefs. We have secessionists here, though we know not how many. We are in good health and good spirits. "Captain Nichols' company is stationed at Littleton, guarding the road. There are companies now at all important points on the railroad from Bellaire to Grafton, guarding bridges and stations. "There is a report that one of Captain Nichols' boys, Simeon Hull, was accidentally wounded this morning. "We are ready to fight and should we not return to the State of our birth we will feel that our lives were a just and worthy sacrifice upon our country's hallowed altar." The "Home Guards" were organized under the reserve militia law, April 23, 1861, with A. N. Smith, captain; W. A. Hover, 1st lieutenant, and George Wilson, 2nd lieutenant. In April the following practicing physi cians in Allen County agreed to furnish medical attendance, free of charge, to the families of the volunteers during their absence in the service : D. B. Stickney, of Acadia ; and W. McHenry, E. Ashton, F. S. Kendall, R. Kincaid, C. I. Neff and D. H. Anderson, of Lima. On the 22nd of April, Thomas K. Jacobs introduced in the House a bill authorizing county commissioners to levy a tax of half a mill for the support of the families of volunteers during service. On April 23rd, Representative Baldwin introduced a bill embracing the principles of the Jacobs resolution, which was accepted. From the "Allen County History" of 1875 we take the following : "In August, 1861, Lima was selected as a military station with Colonel Pillars, commandant. The camp was opened August 1862, by the 99th Ohio Infantry, and before the close of the month about 1,600 men were camped there. "Up to September 25, 1861, Allen County turned out between 900 and 1,000 troops, comprised in the following named companies : Capt. Norman Tucker's Company I, 27th Ohio Infantry ; Capt. George A. Taylor's company in Morton's Rifle Regiment ; Capt. Hiram Stott's company, of Ohio Cavalry; Capt. George M. Baxter's Company I, 32nd Ohio Infantry; Capt. Martin Armstrong's company in Morton's Rifle Regiment ; Capt. Israel T. Moore's company in the 54th Ohio Infantry; and Capt. Charles M. Hughes' company in Morton's Rifle Regiment. Together with the men represented in the above-named companies, there were 25 men in the 14th Ohio Infantry, 25 men in the Fourth Ohio Infantry, 50 men in the 12th Ohio Infantry, about 25 in the United States Army, and others in various commands. Before the close of the year, between 1,100 and 1,200 volunteers were mustered into service. "In July, 1862, the Eighth Military District was organized with rendezvous at Camp, Lima. The 99th Ohio Infantry was ordered to be mustered in here. The regiment was full on August 11th, about the time a second order was issued to form the 118th Ohio Infantry; up to September 1, 1862, out of an enrollment of 3,792, there were 1,411 men enlisted. There were 163 Allen County men in the 'Squirrel' Hunters,' who, in 1862, defended Cincinnati, and to whom the Legislature decreed that honorable discharge be given in 1863. "The Ohio regiments, in which any considerable number of Allen County men served, are the 27th Ohio Infantry, Morton's Rifle. Regiment, 32nd Ohio Infantry, 54th Ohio Infantry, 81st Ohio Infantry, 99th Ohio Infantry, 118th Ohio Infantry, 151st Ohio Na- AND REPRESENTATIVE CITIZENS - 319 tional Guard, and McLaughlin's Squad. Almost every Ohio command contained representatives of Allen County. In the United States Army and Navy many served of whom there is no record. The total number of troops whose names are on record is 1,920." Of these, few are left and each year the number of those who knew the Civil War with its memorable times steadily lessens. The story is one which speaks of duty nobly done, of self-sacrifice which has only found its justification and reward in our "Union strong and great." After the close of the war, the General Assembly repealed the National Guard law and military spirit for a time as manifested in militia companies was at a low ebb. The people were weary of war and waste and were anxious to resume the pursuits of peace and progress. A few military companies came into existence under provisions of the act of 1866, by which the services of a few of the National Guard organizations whose terms of enlistment had not expired were retained in the volunteer militia. These, however, were conducted principally upon a social basis, being composed of veteran volunteers who did not wish to forget the memorable times through which they had recently passed. About the year 1870, however, the dormant military spirit had begun to revive and numerous companies of infantry and batteries of artillery were organized. The military enthusiasm took possession of leading, citizens in many cities and hamlets, which gradually accomplish the passage of military laws making better provisions for the soldiers. To the energetic policy of Adjutant General Meily was due the purchase, in 1879, of 1,300 wall tents and flies with poles and pins complete. He made the bold stroke of purchasing them and the State was compelled to pay the bill. Prior to this date the several organizations had been compelled to furnish their own tentage and company outfits for their annual tours of duty in the field. With the above acquisition the soldiers were in better condition to do their work and many of the companies and batteries attained an unusual degree of proficiency. In all calls to duty they acquitted themselves honorably and well, and at no time has the Ohio National Guard proven unequal to any emergency in which their services were required. Notable instances are the Cincinnati riot in 1884 and the Wheeling Creek coal riot in 1894, the latter familiarly called the "Wheeling Creek Campaign," in which 3,371 officers and men were called into service. A company was organized in Lima by Luther Melancthon Meily and enrolled on January 4, 1875, under the local designation of the "Melancthon Light Guards." Mr. Meily had, when only 18 years of age, helped to organize the 27th Ohio Infantry at Lima in the summer of 1861 and served three years as captain of Company I in that regiment. He went to Sedalia, Mississippi, and then to Pittsburg Landing and after the battle of Atlanta, three months after the expiration of his time, he returned home. He was appointed Adjutant General of the Ohio troops in 1878. Later he went to Colorado and New Mexico, in both of which States he built a railroad. He died in Lima in 1894. Mr. Meily was a faithful sol dier and a man of great executive ability. The "Melancthon Light Guards" were assigned to the 11th Regiment Infantry, 0. N. G., as Company C of that regiment, on July 6, 1876. In 1883 the i 1 th Regiment was reorganized as the Second Regiment and 'the Lima company remained with it, retaining its designation as Company C. The local name was changed about 1889 to "Lima City Guard," a name which it still retains. The company participated in the Cincinnati riot in 1884, the "Wheeling Creek Campaign," and in the Springfield riot in 1904. After participating in the Spanish-American War, the company was mustered out of the State service April 14, 1899; was afterwards reorganized as Company C, unattached infantry, and assigned to the newly reorganized Second Regiment Infantry. O. N. G., November 13, 1899. When war with Spain was declared, the Second Regiment Infantry, O. N. G., was composed of 11 companies, of which Company C was one. In response to the first call for volunteers, these 11 companies were ordered 320 - HISTORY OF ALLEN COUNTY April 25, 1898, to the regimental rendezvous at Kenton, Ohio, and enrolled for the volunteer service. Four days later they were ordered to the general rendezvous for the Ohio troops at Columbus, Ohio. The regiment went into camp at this place April 29th and was mustered into the volunteer service of the United States as the Second Regiment, Ohio Infantry, U. S. Volunteers, May 1o, 1898. On May 18, 1898, the regiment was ordered to Camp George H. Thomas, at Chickamauga Park, Georgia, where it was brigaded with the First Pennsylvania and the 14th Minnesota regiments as the Third Brigade, Second Division, First Army Corps. Orders were received on August 28th to move to Knoxville, Tennessee. The regiment marched to Rossville, a distance of eight miles, there boarding the trains for their new destination. The new camp was a short distance from Knoxville and was called "Camp Poland." With the exception of Company C, the regiment, on November 15, 1898, moved to Camp Fornance near Macon, Georgia, arriving there November .16, 1898. Company C remained at Knoxville as guard for the division headquarters and acted in that capacity until the removal of those headquarters, accompanying the same to Macon early in December. The Second Regiment was unfortunate in not being favored with active service in foreign lands, but performed faithfully the various routine duties of camp life, until they were mustered out at Macon, Georgia, February 1 o, 1899, when they quickly dispersed for their home stations. It is interesting to note the transition of the recruit from the raw material to the disciplined and efficient soldier, thus becoming one of the essential parts of a great army. At first there is the enthusiasm kindling the patriotic fire, dampened later by the unaccustomed fatigue, broken rest, the tedious and monotonous routine of camp duties ; healthy appetites changed to loathing by the coarse and poorly cooked food ; unwise choice of camps bringing into rampant life that dread enemy of the soldier in the field—typhoid. This tedious, fearful life, from the point of view of the boy sol dier, is most disappointing as compared with the original hope of meeting the enemy in actual strife. As soldiers for centuries past have passed through these trials to spirit and body, so did our laddies pass through them, gaining wisdom, adaptability and self-reliance until our Company C was one of the best companies of a regiment described by General McCook (one of the "fighting McCooks"), who inspected it in October, 1898, at Knoxville, as one of the finest and most efficient infantry regiments in the service. The principal duties of the Second Regiment in this war were guard duty, fatigue duty, target practice, skirmish, company, squad, battalion and regimental drill, and guard mount and dress parade in the ceremonies. So much cleaning up of camp was performed by this regiment that they jokingly called themselves the "Georgia Land Improving Company." Then there were the long marches to participate in the interminable reviews. The grand review at Chickamauga Park shortly before the transfer of the troops to other points was a memorable sight, reminding one of the description of the reviews of Bonaparte. Over 6o,000 troops participated in this review. At the holiday season the companies vied with each other in decorating their quarters, blending the patriotic with the Christmas spirit. From the greens and varied verdure of that Southern clime were made wreaths, arches, monuments and Christmas bells. Outlines of the faces of famous sons of Ohio as also a map of Ohio were shown in the sands bordering on Company C's street. The soldier looks back on all that time with mingled feelings. There come memories of that dread time when the hospital tents were full of fever-stricken patients, when the muffled drum would attract one's fearful gaze to the corporal's guard following the army wagon, mule drawn, containing some one's loved one. Then there are the brighter memories, the Christmas dinner, the pretty girls, the pay days with the long wait before and the short pay after. Who would forget the beckoning finger of Sergeant Gale, the "goo-goo" that Mahan cooked, the prayerful relapses of Private Ralston, the scriptural AND REPRESENTATIVE CITIZENS - 323 exhortations of Wagoner Berney to his mules, and "Frenchy" Brown's plaintive matin query of "Have you used Pears' soap ?" But they went to fight and to do their duty and so the service of the Second Ohio passed into history and in time none but pleasant memories will remain. The following is the honor roll of Ohio volunteers from Lima in the war with Spain : Captain, Frank M. Bell ; 1st lieutenant, Merritt D. Reichelderfer ; 2nd lieutenant, John M. Bingham ; sergeants—Albert E. Gale (Q. M.). Frank Carter, John E. Porter, Carey C. Allen, Lon P. Stephens* and Robert McPeak ; corporals—Paul R. Ashton, Clarence M. Breese, George A. Smith, Charles W. Baum, Carl H. Griebling, John D. Miller, James I. Heffner, Oscar E. Harper, Frank Link, George H. Quail, Lewis J. Hofmann and Donald N. Davis ; musician, Thomas E. Hance; artificer, James L. Ferrall ; bugler, Lambert Cordell ; wagoner, Edward P. Berney ; drummer, T. F. Halter; privates—Brice B. Applas, John Atha, John W. Baker, Roy Barnes, John W. Barrick, Granville E. Beall, Henry A. Betz, Clarence 0. Brobeck, Charles J. Brown, Floyd S. Brown, Earl D. Bussert, Cornelius P. Callahan, Thomas V. Conner, Herbert O. Conrad, Frank Cunningham, Carey Doan, George W. Eckert, Fremont L. English, Walter G. Ferguson, Louis F. Furry, Clyde Goble, Harry J. Gorman, Howard Graham, Charles F. Hadding, Lyman S. Hillabold, Samuel A. Holbrook, William H. Johnston, William Kern, Floyd Kilian, Edward P. Lawlor, John A. Lee, William L. Linderman, Frank J. Luken, James A. Mahon, Harry W. McGinnis, Rollo H. McKinney, Horace G. Murray, William P. Myers, Lorin E. Neely, James H. Neise, Henry O'Brien, Jr., William F. Ralston, Charles Roberts, James H. Robinson, John D. Rousculp, Isaac J. Schooler, Noah E. Shoemaker, John A. Stager, Joseph H. Stant, John E. Stemen, George Tibbot, Willis Troxel, Richard B. Watkins, Charles J. Wason, Alexander H. Watts, Albert B. Welty, George W. Wood and Fred W. Zeits. Discharged: Private John W. Lutz, Private Winfield S. Freeman, Sergeant Kent W. Hughes, Corporal Herold Standish, Private Benjamin F. Welty, Corporal James D. Armstrong, Sergeant Domenic R. Cantieny, Corporal George Faurot, Private Walter K. Campbell, Private John Harley, Private Charles F. Reynolds, Private Foster B. Davis, Sergeant. Fred B. Thomas, Corporal Homer Heman, Corporal Roy V. Sellers, Private Lloyd Clark, Private Charles Naylor, Private Charles H. Kelly, Private W. C. Parmenter. Transferred: Private Nicholas J. Remackel to Hospital Corps ; Private Corwin H. Post to Hospital Corps ; Private Elmer W. Baumgartner to Signal Corps. Died: Private John Gottfried. The old Company C prior to the Spanish-American War was a famous company for its. drills and correct drilling according to regulations. In 1892 they won the second prize at Omaha in national competition, Captain Bell also winning a $200 sword as being the most efficient company commander. In its early days the armory was in the assembly room of the Court House. About 1891 it moved to the Cincinnati Block and shortly after to the Donze Block, whence it was moved about 1896 to the present armory on South Main street. There were famous trips and camps in those days, to Cleveland, Philadelphia, Findlay, Columbus (when all the State troops were gathered together in 1888), New York City in 1889, Presque Isle in 1890 and 1892, Bowling Green in 1891, World's Fair, Chicago, in 1893, Tiffin, Cleveland, Johnson's. Island and Chickamauga, the beginning of a new era. In the "old guard" of the '8o's were the Dugrays, Richmonds, Boone, Moyer, Jones, Hiner, Crum and others with "Flaxy" Cunningham as mascot and they made service in the old company one to remember. Jokes, pranks, dances, singing, zouave squads and good drilling, made for snap and vigor. As the years go .swiftly by changes come and now the National Guard is becoming more and more on a par with the regular army, a consummation which the States are working hard to accomplish. But still to those of the old regime the ear- 324 - HISTORY OF ALLEN COUNTY Her days of Company C are pleasant to look back upon. Old Company C thy memory lingers, Caressing my thought with gentle fingers, As distance softens a bell's sweet .chime. Softened by the mellowing touch of time In 1879 Capt. J. B. Kirk, who had himself been a soldier in the Civil War for over four years, organized the "Kirk Cadets." Before the close of the year the roster contained 4o names. Will Mowen was made captain and Stuart Pillars, 1st lieutenant. Some time afterwards Mr. Kirk was elected captain and Mowen and Pillars, lieutenants. After drilling and disciplining for some time, the company was equipped with guns and uniforms, the latter being white duck pants and jackets with caps of the same material, adorned with U. S. staff buttons. Their wooden guns were stained black and, to make them still more formidable and warlike, guards of tin and hammers made of shoe buttoners were affixed. About this time they received and accepted an invitation to attend the camp of the 11th Regiment, 0. N. G., at Wapakoneta, as guests of Company G. As their ages increased their love for their Quaker guns diminished and in 1881 they purchased 23 breech-loading rifles at a cost of $172.50. With increase of age also came increase of size and the boyish suits were cast aside for 27 new suits of cadet gray, trimmed in black, which were procured at a cost of $361.70. These suits were paid for through the liberality of citizens and the receipts of a play. In the fall of 1883 they visited the encampment of the Second Regiment, O. N. G., at Upper Sandusky, Ohio, as the guests of Company C of Lima, into which company they finally merged. The headquarters of the Second Regiment were at Lima after its reorganization in 1899, Col. James I. Ream was elected to the command of the regiment, which office he held until June 12, 1903. Col. E. S. Bryant was then elected and is the present incumbent. A very efficient staff has been chosen and the work of reorganization has progressed steadily so that the regiment may be regarded as a united, compact and efficient body of citizen soldiery. It comprises at present Companies A, of Findlay; B, of Carey; C, of Lima ; D, of Van Wert; E, of Hicksville; F, of Spencerville; G, of Ada ; H, of Bowling Green ; I, of Kenton ; L, of Sycamore ; and M, of Ottawa. Company F, of Spencerville, was organized in April, 1900, by Capt. Jacob R. Welch ; mustered into the National Guard May 25, 1900, as Company F and assigned to the First Battalion, Second Infantry. This is the first company ever organized in Spencerville, although that city furnished 75 men to the volunteer and regular service during the Spanish-American War; some participated in the capture of Santiago, but the majority were enrolled in various companies of the Second Ohio. The officers elected at the time of organization were : Captain, Jacob R. Welch ; 1st lieutenant, Corwin H. Post ; 2nd lieutenant, Vernon B. Post. Later Corwin H. Post was made captain and -on March 8, 1905, F. E. Arnold was elected to that office, which commission he at present holds. CHAPTER XIX THE PRESS OF LIMA First Printed News in Lima—The "Herald"—The "Porcupine"—Lima "Argus"—Lima "Reporter"—The "Gazette"—The "Republican-Gazette" — The People's Press — The "Democratic Times"—The "Daily Times" — The "Times-Democrat" — First German Paper, the "Volksblatt"—The "Courier" — The "Daily News" —"The Sun" —"The Moon"—The "Republican"—The First City Directory—Observations on the Olden Times—Some Interesting Advertisements—Value of .a Free Press to the World of Progress. The beginning of the dissemination of news in print in Lima, was a small weekly newspaper, called the Herald and edited by Messrs. Hollister and Bennett. The town was only five years old, and less populous than West Cairo is to-day. In that year Martin Van Buren was elected President ; Eli Baldwin was the Democratic candidate for Governor and was defeated by a Whig. The congressional district extended over a territory of about 90 miles east and west and from the northern line of the State to the southern line of Montgomery County. The printers had small support for their paper and the Herald and its publishers disappeared. The next paper was started in 1841 by Thomas Smith. He soon sold his office to Milton Gillett and Abelard Guthrie, who started the Porcupine. Guthrie was an able man, but was eccentric, wearing his hair long and abounding in mannerisms. He went West and was prominent in the early Kansas troubles. In 1843, George W. Andrews, later of Wapakoneta, purchased the office and changed the name to Lima Argus. Mr. Andrews soon made the paper a leading exponent of Democracy in the Northwest. In 1845 Mr. Andrews sold out to Mathias H. Nichols, who soon made himself famous by means of its columns. In 1843 Edward Marrott and Hamilton Davison established the Lima Reporter, a Whig paper. This paper lived but three or four years, and the Argus was the only paper published in Lima until 1854 when Sydenham Shaffer published the Gazette. In 1855 the Parmenter brothers purchased the Gazette. Harvey Parmenter, however, soon retired, leaving the paper in the hands of Cornelius, the older brother, who published it until 186o, when he sold out to John Newton Cunningham and Tom Hussler. The next year Cornelius Parmenter repurchased the paper and continued to publish it until 1872, when Cal Edmiston became a partner. In 1885 W. A. Campbell became proprietor and in 1887 H. D. Campbell became his partner. The paper under their management has been successfully conducted to the present time. It is published twice a week and visits many nooks and corners of Allen County. The Daily Gazette came into being on the 12th of March, 1887, under the management of F. T. Campbell, W. A. Campbell and H. D, Campbell. The first 2,000 copies were given away. It proved to be a wide-awake paper and was the first in Allen County to introduce telegraphic dispatches, the company putting in a special wire of its own with its own operator 326 - HISTORY OF ALLEN COUNTY in the office. In 1891 the Gazette consolidated with the Republican, the other morning paper then in existence, and has since appeared under the name of Republican-Gazette. When Mr. Nichols was elected to Congress, he sold the Argus to T. E. Cunningham and William C. Thompkins, who published the paper together until the spring of 1854 when Mr. Cunningham retired and was succeeded by Thomas M. Robb. Thompson and Robb continued until the fall of 1855 when they sold out to Cunningham and Poland, who started an anti-Nebraska paper, entitled the People's Press. This paper continued about a year, when Mr. Robb repurchased it and changed its politics to those principles supposed to represent the convictions of the immortal Jackson. Soon Robb got tired and sold to J. P. Haller ; Haller sold to J. H. Berry ; Berry soon sold to James Mackenzie, who came from Kalida, where he had won a State reputation as editor of the Kalida Venture. This was in 1858. He remained until .1861 or 1862, when he sold out to David S. Fisher, who afterwards became editor of the Hardin County Democrat. In 1874 Fisher sold out to H. B. Kelly, who successfully conducted the journal until his death, when Mr. Timmonds took charge of it. The Democratic Times made its appearance in the latter part of November, 1879, with 0. B. Selfridge, Jr., and E. B. Halladay, proprietors, and in 1884 the Daily Times, with Oliver B. Selfridge, Jr., as editor, was established. Five years later the Times was consolidated with the Allen County Democrat, and the present name, Times-Democrat, adopted. The Times Democrat is a newsy evening journal, well printed and well edited, and a power in its party and the community. There is also a semiweekly edition of the paper published on Tuesdays and Fridays. The Volkblatt, the first German paper of Allen County, was established by A. Zwanzig in 1879. It expired before its fourth issue. The Courier, founded by George Feltz, August 3o, 1877, was also a German paper. It was bought in 1890 by Adolph Weixelbaum, and became the leading German newspaper not only of the city but of Allen County. Mr. Weixelbaum has recently bought out the Delphos Kleeblatt, and has consolidated the two papers under the name of Lima Courier and Delphos Kleeblatt. The Lima Daily News is a non-partisan paper, founded by a Mr. D'Armand in 1897. The next year it was purchased by E. W. Jackson and J. R. Finnell. The paper has recently come under the control of the News Publishing Company, with E. W. Jackson as president and J. R. Finnell, general manager and editor. About 1870, two boys, A. B. Coe and H. L. Medsker, "Dell" and "Harry" they were called, came into possession of an old army printing press and a small outfit of type. They did odd jobs of printing and in the year of 1874 proceeded to publish a paper, calling it The Sun. It never acquired a large subscription and was bought a little later by Rev. Lockhard, a minister from Columbus Grove, who used it as a medium for publishing some of his religious views. It acquired something of a local reputation during the year or two of its existence and then was bought by John Junkins and the Hazelton brothers. The character of the paper was again changed to a local newspaper and it was quite a success. In 1876 it was bought out by J. C. Edmiston, who changed the name to The Moon. In an editorial of the first issue it was announced that when "the 'Sun' set, the 'Moon' arose and that this particular 'Moon' unlike its. editor would only be full once each week." Mr. Edmiston sold in 1877 to the Campbell brothers, when the name was again changed, to the Republican. In 188o the paper passed. into the hands of Charles L. Long & Company, and in 1882 they moved the printing office into the Opera House Block, occupying the space. where McCauley's millinery store and the American Express Company's office now are. The printing office was the first tenant of the building. Colonel Long made the paper a daily, and the first issue was published August 15, 1882. In 1891 the Republican and Gazette. were consolidated, as stated above. In the early '70's was issued the first city directory. It was a modest affair gotten up by the Hazelton brothers, and was bound by Gale. Sherman, who had started a book-bindery in Lima. AND REPRESENTATIVE CITIZENS - 327 The Lima Argus, whose motto was "Liberty, Morality and Wisdom, coexistent, coequal and inseparable," and whose policy was to fight banks of issue, favor war with Mexico, and oppose the extension of slavery, was edited several years by Mathias H. Nichols. It has been the good fortune of the writer to come in possession of some of the old files of this paper, and we propose a little review. When Mr. Nichols became the editor, the Mexican War was agitating the country ; Lowell, with his mastery of affairs, and his keen wit, expresses the views of this part of the country under the name of "Hosea Bigelow" in the following words : Parson Wilbur ses he never heerd in his life That the Apostles rigged out in their swallow-tailed coats And marched round in front of a drum and a fife To get some on 'em office, and some on 'em votes ; But John P. Robinson, he Saes they didn't know everthin' Down in Judee. Nichols in his quick, intolerant way insisted on "carrying the war into Africa" and in branding every one as the biggest kind of a traitor who did not share his particular views. The "liberty of the press" in those old files is freely exercised in scathing satire of every description. We are constantly making history and there is no better record than that made by a newspaper. It has the advantage of being on the ground, and of being in a position for making running comment. True, many of our idols are shattered, and men whom we have been taught to revere by our histories are ruthlessly commented upon. Horace Greeley. Henry Clay and General Scott are delineated as possessing anything but faultless characters. Even our Presidents, whom time and the Historians have made so perfect, have suffered from the savage attacks of an impartial press. All this as long as the man lives ; when he gets beyond all praise or blame, then nothing but good is said of him. In 1848 John Quincy Adams passes to the great beyond, and the beautiful tribute that our editor saw fit to give to him might, if uttered sooner, have served its - 18 - purpose better. In April of the same year the French Revolution culminated in the abolishment of the House of Peers, and the doing. away with titles of nobility. England, Belgium, Switzerland and the United States at once recognized the new republic. The visions of the new Eldorado which poor Ponce de Leon tried so hard to find, were, in the year 1849, made a reality to those who were brave enough to break asunder for the time all family ties, to suffer hardships innumerable, and to entertain the possibility of utter and hopeless defeat. As an offset to these golden dreams, we have, as in these later times,, accounts of the ravages of the yellow fever and the dread cholera. Abraham Lincoln, of whom America's greatest poet so beautifully and truthfully says,. Nature, they say doth dote And cannot make a man Save on some worn-out plan Repeating as by rote; For him her old world moulds she flung aside,. And choosing sweet clay from the breast Of the unexhausted West With stuff untainted shaped a hero new, Wise, steadfast in the strength of God and true. This man I say was in those days just plain Mr. Lincoln, of Illinois—a member of the House.. The "old times" advertisement is a source of perennial enjoyment and he who runs may read many quaint and amusing "signs of the times." Patent medicines and cure-alls were advertised as extensively then as now ; and even in those far-off days the sure cure for consumption existed, and no doubt did the customary land office business. Apprentices were advertised for, and those who have tired of their masters, with rewards offered for their apprehension. They even advertised for school teachers. Lima had her select school in those days.. Rev. Seth W. Washburn conducted one in 1846 and later. Lectures and temperance meetings also played their parts in primary education. All evening meetings were advertised to take place at "early candle-lighting." The outside educational factors were the metropolitan newspapers and Ar- 328 - HISTORY OF ALLEN COUNTY thur's Magazine kr Ladies and Gentlemen." Among its contributors were Edgar Allan Poe, Mrs. Osgood, and T. S. Arthur, the author of "The Withered Heart," "Ten Nights in a Barroom," and other highly moral and instructive works. In 1847 all the produce sold in Lima was brought by wagon from Delphos, to which place it came by canal. The first merchants in Lima gave long credits, and consequently did not reap the rich harvests that J. W. King did, who came here from the East and sold for cash and cash only. In 1847 Editor Nichols, after a long period of pitying and reviling other fellows who were 'caught in Cupid's net, at last succumbed, marrying Sylvia Fisher, daughter of Capt. Hollias Fisher, the hotelkeeper. Then as now the follies and foibles of womankind were themes of never dying interest, and the bustle and hoop skirt were alternately laughed at and preached against. The first hoop skirt hung up for an advertisement in a store window was taken to be a squirrel trap. Poor Nichols, with all his brightness and ability, found it hard to keep the wolf from the door by means of the scant collections that found their way into his coffers. Little hints like the following appear from time to time—•"A man who loves his family will take a paper —a man who respects his family will pay for it." In another issue he offers to furnish the Argus to new subscribers for one year, for two bushels of wheat delivered on or before the first of November. With all his drawbacks, he managed to support his family, at the same time editing 'his paper and studying law. That sort of a- man is rare in these days. SOME INTERESTING ADVERTISEMENTS. (Taken from old newspaper files.) The advertisements of the early day in many respects do not resemble those of the present time. There was not much opportunity for display, as they were generally limited to the width of a column. The originality of the subject matter, however, usually made up for the lack of striking display heads. The advertisements, or, more properly speaking, business cards, were usually printed without change in quite a number of issues, sometimes running as long as a year. As has been told in a previous chapter, Samuel A. Baxter, Sr., was engaged in business in Lima as a hatter for some years before he was admitted to the bar. The following advertisement first appeared in the Lima Argus on July 7,1846.— Lima, Ohio, July 7th, 1846. I year. TARIFF REPEALED. The subscriber returns his thanks to the citizens of Allen and adjoining counties, for their liberal support since he has commenced business among them, and would inform them that he continues to manufacture all description of hats, at No 1, north corner of the public square, in Lima ; which for durability he warrants to be equal to any in the state ; he promises to give better bargains (for ready pay) than any other establishment in these parts dare do. To enable all to buy hats and give no excuse to any to go bare headed ; he will receive in exchange for hats, corn, oats, rye, barley, flax-seed, timothy, clover-seed, flour, bacon, 'butter, and chickens, building stone, hewn timber, shingles and all kinds of sawed timber for building, muskrat and all kinds of furs, and i,000 pounds of clean lambs wool, and everything else that can be eat or drank (except that makes drunk,) wore, sold, or given away for good purposes. Please call and look at my hats before buying elsewhere, you might save a dollar by it SAMUEL A. BAXTER. Lima, Ohio, July. 7th, 1846. I year. One of the most original advertisers of the early days was R. Bower, as the following advertisement, taken from the Allen County Democrat of October, 28, 1863, will show.— WAR, WAR, WAR. The Crisis is now upon us, the Union is dissolved; Ft. Sumter is evacuated the independence of the Southern Confederacy is not yet acknowledged by our government—and probably never will be—but I will tell you one thing that happened, a n d that is acknowledged, R. BOWER Has seceded from the old firm of Bower & AND REPRESENTATIVE CITIZENS - 329 Whitaker, and established a firm of his own in the name of R. Bower, and his independence is acknowledged all around the world, he with his cabinet, feels competent TO COMPETE WITH THE WORLD. In the manufacture of Carriages, Buggies and Wagons; His counsellors are all men of great skill and much experience in wood, iron and paint; they have gained for themselves an enviable reputation as being all first class mechanics; Bower, himself, like John C. Keenan, challenges the world for a competitor in his branch of trade; this sounds large for a small town, but we let it stand. Friends, we invite you to call and see us at our plaoe of business, we wish to astonish you in the lines of Buggies, Carriages and Wagons; for cheapness they are the cheapest; and for neatness they are the neatest you ever saw ; come in we want to prove it by your own admission—this .is fair; don't mistake the shop; not the old shop of Bower & Whitaker, remember we speak of a NEW SHOP in a new place, called the EXCELSIOR CARRIAGE SHOP! A few doors South of the People's Store, on Main Street, in the town of Lima; look for the Excelsior Carriage Shop, R. Bower, Proprietor, this is the place to get your patching painting, spokeing and smithing done cheap, neat and durable. He keeps constantly on hand a large assortment of Carriages, Buggies and Wagons of all descriptions ; a man can come in, make a choice, hitch tip and drive home rejoicing that he was so lucky as to find the Excelsior Carriage Shop. Come in and see my Wagons! Now friends, you see, no war I mean, Nor yet this heavy braggin', I only wish to let you know, Where you can get a Wagon; And if perchance, you wish for ease, And feel some worse for wearage, Just call and see my little stock, And buy a nice new carriage; And if you are a single man, And want a lass to snuggie, Just call and see old Bob, I say, And buy a little buggy; And if you want to go alone, Just come along, I have for you, A pretty little sulkey; Now, if you have a job to spoke, To patch, to paint or varnish, Just try old Bob, you'll always find, Him ready in the harness; I've just one thing more to tell, That is, my motto is "Excel," I mean to keep the champion's floor, And paint "Excelsior" o'er my door ; So when you into Lima drop, And wish to look at work, don't stop, Until you find, The Excelsior Carriage Shop. R. BOWER. Lima, May 15, 1861. INFLUENCE OF THE PRESS OF TO-DAY. The influence of the press of to-day is exerted in a very different manner from that of 30 years ago. In the days of Horace Greeley, the elder Bennett, Dana, Medill, Godkins and Bowles the editor swayed public opinion by his editorials, in fact he made public opinion. In most cases the editor owned the paper, hence he was master of the situation. There was no clash between opposing interests, for the editor was the paper. He was then a power in State and Nation, and he was consulted by party leaders with respect and deference. The New York Sun under Dana from 1868 to 1892, the New York Herald under the elder Bennett and the London Times under the Walters had a world-wide influence, and can never be forgotten. These papers stood for the opinions of their editors, and these opinions were, for the most part, not affected or colored by the counting room. They came from fearless and honest men. To-day we seldom see the old-time editorial and if it does appear, no one reads it seriously. The news columns are consulted and constantly read. From that source the public becomes its own editor and writes its own editorials. Perhaps the most conspicuous example of the old editor still at work is Henry Watterson and his Courier-Journal. Mr. Watterson is the Courier-Journal. The paper is what he is and no more. Its readers have come to know this. Most people to-day, however, want the news, and they want the news to be as close as 330 - HISTORY OF ALLEN COUNTY possible to the truth. Dana's San gained its greatest fame from the belief that it always told the truth. "If you see it in the Sun, it's so." Just as surely do the people want the truth to-day, and without editorial comment. A prominent Ohio judge, at the opening of an important trial, appealed to the papers to publish only the facts, without any comment. Let the reader form his own conclusions. The newspaper of to-day has a great mission—the dissemination of truthful news. In this it should be untrammeled and fearless. The reading public will find its own deductions and in the long run will not be greatly in error. There is a great army of men and women in the newspaper field to-day. They are bright, high-minded and patriotic. They are most severely tasked in their work, but it is the interest of the whole country. They exert a great influence for good, and the world needs them all. A good editor of a newspaper, like a wise publisher of books, must know his material. His articles must have real merit and permanent worth. The publisher who looks only for the "Big Seller," the book of the hour, will soon find his cellar filled with plates not worth as much as their room. But the far-sighted and clear-headed publisher will build up his list out of books that have permanent value, and that will abide. Such men as Frank H. Scott (president of the Century Company), Henry Holt, George H. Putnam, George H. Mifflin, Frank H. Dodd, George Harvey (of Harper & Brothers), S. S. McClure and Charles Scribner, have built up great and influential houses by long years of careful work, selecting only the purest and the best. In like manner have the great newspapers of the world become influential. Their editors have rejected thousands of articles and items because they possessed neither news nor truth, and because they had not the right moral trend. In their columns have gone, instead, articles of abiding merit, the sketch of a great man or noble woman, or the first appearance of a "Thanatopsis" or of .an "Annabel Lee." To these columns the reader goes for the news of the world, confident he will find it. Good journalism shows scholarship and independence, putting aside, with ever-increasing emphasis, the vulgar, slovenly written and scandal-bearing article of the sensational newspaper. Good journalism "stands for dignity, intelligence, cleanliness, good manners and sound national, civic and domestic life." CHAPTER XX THREE USEFUL LIVES Hon. Calvin S. Brice—Dr. Samuel A. Baxter—Benjamin C. Faurot. HON. CALVIN S. BRICE. One of the leading promoters of our earlier railroads was the late Calvin Stewart Brice, who for many years was identified with Lima's growth and interests, maintaining a home and legal residence in Lima until his death. For many years Mr. Brice was prominent in the nation as a lawyer, railroad manager and political leader. He was born at Denmark, Ohio, on September 17, 1845. His father, William Kirkpatrick Brice, was a Presbyterian minister, and his mother was a woman of much intellectual force and charm of character. The family removed in 1848 to Columbus Grove in Putnam County, Ohio, and there Calvin spent his boyhood to the age of 13 under the home care of his mother and the scholarly instruction of his father. He then entered the preparatory academy of Miami University at Oxford, Ohio. His studies were interrupted in 1861 by the Civil War, when he enlisted in Captain Dodd's university company, and was stationed at Camp Jackson at the State capital. In the fall he returned to college only to enlist again the next year in what later became Company A, 86th Ohio Volunteer Infantry, of which Prof. R. W. McFarland, of Miami University, one of the most noted mathematicians in the United States s captain. He spent the summer of 1862 campaigning in West Virginia and then return- to Miami to be graduated in June, 1863. He then came to Lima, Ohio, taught for some months in the public schools and was employed in the auditor's office of Allen County. In July, 1864, he again returned to the war at the head of a company recruited by himself with a commission as captain of Company E, 180th Ohio Volunteer Infantry. He served in Virginia, Georgia, Tennessee and the Carolinas unti. the end of the war, and for meritorious service was appointed lieutenant colonel, but was not mustered in. In the fall of 1865 Mr. Brice went to Ann Arbor, where he attended lecturers in the iaw school of the University of Michigan. The next year he was admitted to practice at the bar and in the United States courts, forming at once a partnership with James Irvine at Lima, Ohio, and for a dozen years pursued his profession here with success. His high character, ability and devotion to the interests of his clients made him deservedly one of the foremost lawyers in the State. Meanwhile he became intensely interested in railroad affairs and at last transferred his activities from his profession to that important business. His first railroad connection was with the legal department of the old Lake Erie & Louisville road. He became a stockholder in that road (now known as the Lake Erie & Western) and played a leading part in its development, next undertaking the great "Nickel Plate" enterprise, which he carried through successfully. This made him a man of wealth and a figure of national importance and interest. He war thereafter prominently connected with numerous other railroads and was for years one of the most active and efficient factors in the railroad development of the Southern States. The vast railroad interests of Mr. Brice did 332 - HISTORY OF ALLEN COUNTY not prevent him from entering other fields of investment and development, or from the enjoyment of social relations. At Lima, he organized and managed the gas light company ; re-organized and assumed a controlling interest in the First National Bank of Lima, which institution has ever since ranked as one of the most substantial in Ohio. Mr. Brice was also identified with the Chase National Bank of New York, and a leading spirit and director of the Southern Trust Company. His scholarship and interest in education made him a trustee of his alma mater, Miami University, and his generosity, coupled with his love for that grand old school, caused him to contribute largely to its needs, and "Brice Hall," named in his honor, arose upon the beautiful campus of the university. He was vice-president of the Ohio Society in New York, and of the Delta Kappa Epsilon fraternity, of which Greek-letter society he remained an honored member till his death. He was also an active member of the Manhattan, Lotos, Athletic, and other leading clubs of New York City. During Li Hung Chang's visit to the United States he spent his time asking questions—all kinds of questions. He found in Calvin S. Brice a man who could answer a larger percentage of his questions than anybody else. In fact, Senator Brice was probably the best informed man, not only in a general way, but as to particular localities, of any man in the country. Even places that he had never visited he had informed himself about. Li Hung Chang took a great fancy to Senator Brice and sought his company on every possible occasion. Being impressed with the railroad development of this country, he sought to interest Senator Brice and did so, the result being that the Senator started out to organize a syndicate to be composed of 5o persons, each of whom should subscribe $5,000 for the purposes of a preliminary survey for a railroad in China. The Senator did not crowd the subscription question nor did he allot places in the syndicate until after many times the number of men to form the syndicate had indicated a desire to join. It probably represented the most wealth of any syndicate that was ever organized in this or any other country, em bracing a number of London and Paris bankers as well as the leading financial interests of this country. In a word, it was a syndicate exactly to his liking and choosing. Its formation gave him as great pleasure as any one thing of the later years of his life and its prompt carrying into completion was prevented first by the death of Senator Brice and later by the death of Li Hung Chang. In the proposition he had Li Hung Chang's endorsement and hearty support and had both lived there would have been no halting in the early completion of this great enterprise in China. At the time of his death he had quite fully matured plans for a seaboard out-let for the Lake Erie & Western Railroad, diverging at Bluffton over the Northen Ohio, via Akron and Youngstown to the East. Mr. Brice was an earnest Democrat in politics and for many years was conspicuous and influential in the councils of his party. In 1888 he was a delegate at large from Ohio to the Democratic National Convention and as chairman of the campaign committee conducted the campaign of that year and in 1889 was elected chairman of the Democratic National Committee. His prominence in politics made Mr. Brice the logical choice of his party and he was elected United States Senator from Ohio for the term 1891-97. In that office he exerted exceptional influence among his associates, He served on important 'committees, and was a member of the "steering committee" of his party in the Senate. His business experience, penetrating quality of mind and cautious and conservative though optimistic temperament made his judgment highly prized and his advice sought. Mr. Brice was married in 1869 to Catherine Olivia Meily, a woman of fine intellectual gifts and much charm in social leadership. He died. at New York on December 15, 1898, leaving five children—three sons and two daughters. Mr. Brice commenced life a poor boy, with only a sound constitution, an active, incisive mind, and genuine brand of American grit. He knew the value of an education, and he obtained it. He was not an orator, but no man ever put more common sense or business energy in a five-minute talk ; and in 30 minutes at a meet- AND REPRESENTATIVE CITIZENS - 335 ing of railroad directors he would transact business involving the expenditure of millions. He never failed to answer a letter and to answer it promptly—punctuality and directness were rules of his life. When the writer, of this sketch once asked him to aid a young man in the South who was struggling to a legal competency, but one question was asked, "Is he honest ?". Upon receiving a strong affirmative answer, Mr. Brice turned to his stenographer, and in one sentence directed work for the young man which gave him a legal prominence which he enjoys to-day. Mr. Brice never forgot a friend, and in this may be seen the main element of his success. He had no time or desire to punish an enemy, if he had one. When urged not to recognize a man who had vigorously opposed him in a political convention, Mr. Brice replied, "Life is too short," and the gentleman was accorded the same courtesy as any other man in the convention. He had the power of self-control to a remarkable degree, and when he turned from his office to his home, or his friends, business care was put aside, and there environed by the love of family, in his palatial home, he was delighted by the grace of culture, and the beauty of art, and there his friends were also welcome. Well may the language of Antony applied to the noble Brutus, be applied to him :— His life was gentle ; and the elements So mixed in him, that Nature might stand up And say to all the world, "This was a man !" DR. SAMUEL A. BAXTER. When the wild mob in Paris was rushing on its way to overthrow the Bastile and the Palace of the Tuileries, an old man with silvery hair appeared in the street, and with uncovered head called for silence. The leader of the mob at once recognized him, and called to his men, "Halt ! Sixty years of pure life is about to address you. It is De La Ure ; halt ! and listen." The mob halted and listened—then returned quietly to their homes, influenced by one known to be the friend of all humanity. The long and eventful life of Dr. Baxter, filled with sweet charity and unselfish devotion to his friends and his home city, his high moral standing and business integrity, might well cause him to be called the "De La Ure" of Lima, and the one man who could influence the masses to do right under very trying and excited conditions. Born, and largely educated, in Lima, all his life a lover of his city and its people, no one claims a higher place in the hearts of the people.. Called again and again to posts of influence and trust, he was never found wanting. When the city had a business crisis, or a great financial success, Dr. Baxter was always called on to aid in tiding over the one, and in expressing the general good will of the other. Blest with a wise father and a devoted mother, plans were early matured for his medical education. He was graduated from the Cincinnati Medical College in 1863, and began practice in the army under a commission direct from Hon.. Edwin M. Stanton, Secretary of War. He was commissioned by John Brough, Governor of Ohio, to the 18th Ohio Volunteer Infantry commanded by General Charles Grosvenor, a personal friend of Dr. Baxter from his youth. Later he served both as assistant and acting medical director of the Department of Georgia under Gen. James B. Steedman. After the war, Dr. Baxter began the active practice of medicine in Lima. It was hard work for a time. But fortune came to him in disguise. He was made health officer, and was put in charge of all small-pox cases during the terrible scourage in Lima. He nursed the sick, and buried the dead with his own hands. Smallpox then had greater terror than the bubonic plague has now. So successfully did he per form his loathsome work that, upon the passing of the scourage, he found himself overwhelmed with business in Lima and for a radius of 5o, miles about the city. He was called in counsel to adjoining towns, and was made surgeon for a number of railways. This success was soon followed by one as brilliant, but in another line —that of the financier. He became interested in great enterprises, was secretary of the original gas company, then entered the banking business, establishing the City Bank of Lima for a long time one of the most successful financial concerns of the Northwest ; was president of the 336 - HISTORY OF ALLEN COUNTY First National Bank, which institution he made 'substantial in every way. He managed the artificial and built the natural gas plants ; was very influential in building the street car line ; promoted and sold the Indiana & Ohio gas pipeline and secured the building of the car works, then consolidating these works with The Lima Locomotive & Machine Company, still one of the greatest of Lima's industries. The Lake Erie & Western shops, the Chicago & Erie and the Ohio Southern railroads were each secured for Lima through his aid and enthusiasm. But other fields of usefulness also commanded his time and money : the Young Men's Christian Association and Lima College, institutions of great credit to the city were greatly aided by him. Every church built in Lima in the last 4o years has been aided by his generosity. During his long business career he formed strong alliances in Bradford, England, Boston, New York, Cleveland, Cincinnati, Toledo and Chicago. He has served the State as trustee of the State asylums for the insane at Dayton and at Toledo and in many other ways. The people of Lima elected him mayor of the city and would repeat it at any time they could get his consent to be a candidate. A short time ago, Dr. Baxter retired from the banking business, and formed a partnership 'with his sons, under the name of Samuel A. Baxter & Sons, for the purpose of developing his properties in the West, and for handling other extensive interests. Dr. Baxter is a man of rare intellectual force, history being 'his favorite study. He has long been recognized as the leading historian not only of Lima, but of the county. To his untiring labors as a chronologist and as a collector of the facts of history, this work is largely due, and to him as a benefactor of the community the people owe an enduring monument. Samuel A. Baxter is a friend worth having. No man has ever exhibited the sweet amenities of life in a higher degree than he. So warmhearted and generous—he has drawn men to him and held them through life with "hooks of steel." To him charity is a word of sweet and familiar sound. No snow ever fell too deep, no northern blast ever pierced too sharply to stay his helping hand. When old earth is wrapped in the icy bounds of the Frost King—and God's poor are suffering most—then Dr. Baxter's charity is most freely bestowed. In all the good work he has done, he was only regarded by himself as a plain individual in the general economy. With him charity began at home, where, surrounded by a sweet and companionable wife and happy children, he was more than a lord, but his charity did not end there. He took too broad a view of life to be selfish—he lived and still lives for all humanity. When his career is ended, truly may it be said that, "Were all for whom he has done a kind act to bring but a blossom to his grave, he would sleep beneath a wilderness of flowers." —C. C. M. ESTIMATE OF DR. BAXTER BY REV. I. J. SWANSON. The eminence of Dr. S. A. Baxter, in the city of Lima and the county of Allen, is conceded by all. His place in public confidence, esteem and honor, is secure. It has been won by a life of unsullied business integrity, of identification with commercial, educational and philanthropic interests, and of devotion to the public good. It is interesting to trace the factors in the making of such a career—"Blood will tell," and while aristocracy of rank is unknown amongst us, the aristocracy of culture, character and ability will always have our respect. The Baxters of Virginia and the Carolinas, from whom he decended, are of the fine old Esglish stock of colonial days, and have contributed names to their country's history, distinguished in the professions and in political life. Doubtless Dr. Baxter owes to his honored ancestors his talent for public service, and his deep sense of obligation to further the common good. Successful in his own affairs, he has watched over and contributed to the development of Lima from a country town to a busy, thriving and growing city. As physician, banker, promoter of industries and organizer of important commercial interests, his life has been AND REPRESENTATIVE CITIZENS - 337 one of untiring industry, business sagacity and unquestioned uprightness. Philanthropic movements have found in him a stanch supporter. The hospital, churches, and charitable societies, generally, have had his help. The poor in him have found a friend. The extent of his benevolent contributions will probably never be known, for "he has not sounded a trumpet before him." The educational interests of the city have had in him an enthusiastic supporter and a sound counselor. He served for years on the board of Lima College, which is at last emerging into a place of great usefulness and promise, under the competent and energetic leadership of that distinguished educator, President C. C. Miller. A minor matter, and yet one that has endeared Dr. Baxter to thousands, is the hospitality which has marked "Baxter Place." Its beautiful grounds have witnessd many public gatherings, high school reunions, sacred concerts on Sunday afternoons, or, perchance, a reception to a Governor or other public officials, in which cases the spacious residence was also the scene of a hospitality which kept alive the 'fine old traditions of the courtly South. On such occasions and, indeed, throughout his entire career, the winning, gracious and cultured personality of Mrs. Baxter (loved in all relationships, though modest and retiring as the violet) contributed to their success. Such a life is a valuable asset of any community. To young men of ambition, industry and ability, it is an incentive to seek a career that will serve not selfish interests alone, but by integrity of conduct and promotion of the public good, to lead their age a little higher on Humanity's upward path, which at last shall be crowned with the light of a perfect civilization. BENJAMIN C. FAUROT Was born in New York State, October 13, 1829, and died September 7, 1904. He was the son of a farmer and he worked on his father's farm in Marion County, Ohio, till he was 21 years old. When 24 years of age he was a hard working teamster in Kenton —this was the time the Pennsylvania Railroad was projected through this part of the State. Lima, Findlay and Kenton were asked what inducements they could make to secure the road and, to the great advantage of Lima and Allen County, the great Pennsylvania Railroad was built through Lima. This fact induced Mr. Faurot to leave Kenton and come to Lima. He engaged in the livery business, starting in a barn situated in the rear of the Hume property on South Elizabeth street, between Market and Spring streets. For Jo years he continued in this business and during the war turned his knowledge of horses to good account, selling large consignments of horses and mules to the government and in this way laying the foundation of his large fortune. In 1865 he was one of the incorporators of the National Deposit Bank, afterwards called the Allen County Bank. At the time of the suspension of J. Cooke & Company, in 1873, Mr. Faurot was on the way to California. Realizing that this meant a monetary panic, he telegraphed to Lima for intelligence in regard to his bank. He was summoned home, where he found depositors crowding the doors. When the creditors saw Mr. Faurot's determination to carry the bank through the storm, even if he had to mortgage all he possessed, the panic subsided. At one time Mr. Faurot cultivated 700 acres of land in and about Lima, much of which was later laid out in town lots which became very valuable. In 1882 Mr. Faurot built the Opera House which bears his name, and when completed it bore the distinction of being one of the finest west of the Alleghany Mountains. Mr. Faurot at this time established the Lima National Bank, which formerly was the Allen County Bank ; acquired the ownership of the city's first street railway—then a horse-car line —and secured the exclusive control of the Lima Strawboard Company which was an enormous money maker. He was the president of the Strawboard Association of the United States. In 1885, after Findlay had found the great Ohio gas field, Mr. Faurot brought drillers to Lima, and in sinking a well on the papermill property. in the hope of discovering gas, the initial oil-well of the Lima field was drilled in. It was not a great success in itself but it was the 338 - HISTORY OF ALLEN COUNTY pioneer stake in an industry that has produced millions for Allen County and Northwestern Ohio. After years of success, Mr. Faurot conceived the idea of becoming a railroad builder, and this marked the beginning of his long and disastrous financial reverses. He sold the straw-board works for $600,000 and began the construction of what is now the Columbus & Lake Michigan Railway, which; after years of litigation, he saw, before his death in operation between Lima and Defiance. He acquired a land concession in Mexico which placed in his hands the fertile Palomas tract of 2,700,000 acres with a liberal. contract from the Mexican government for its colonization. He projected the Deming, Sierra Madre & Pacific Railroad which started in New Mexico, was to traverse the Palomas region, tap the mineral richness of the Chihuahua country and then reach tidewater to the west at Guamas. Before any of these gigantic enterprises were matured and before any of his hopes were realized, Mr. Faurot became enmeshed in endless litigation from which he never fully escaped, though he fought a gallant fight. With financial losses, came the loss of his wife and afterwards his daughter Carrie. He saw all his wealth slip through his fingers—the Lima street railway system, the Lima Electric Light Company, the Faurot Block and the land about the city. For 10 years he endeavored to reestablish himself as a financial power, but it was not to be. He has three brothers living—George Faurot, of Lima, Ar thur Faurot, of Michigan and Gideon Faurot; also one daughter—Mrs. Lillie Moore-Lauferswiler, of Columbus, Ohio ; and one adopted daughter—Mrs. Charles F. Donze, of Lima. Benjamin C. Faurot in the prime of his vigor and manhood was an heroic figure. To Lima he was not merely an aid but a benefactor. Much of his energy, determination and grit have been woven into the growth, development and prosperity of Lima. he could foresee with the eye of the seer the city's needs in the future. He planned and executed the scheme to establish a more commodious and a more beautiful resting place for the city's dead, and the result is seen in beautiful Woodlawn. The extensive park system which Lima will fully enjoy is a result of his plans and designs made, many years before financial reverses came upon him. Mr. Faurot was ever ready and willing to give his time and means for the advancement of the churches of the city, as well as the regular business interests. His charity was well known, and when the good of Lima was at stake he could always be relied upon. Lima needed stalwart men more in the days of his victories than now. To-day the city has gone beyond the power of any one man. Whatever may have been his shortcomings, the average citizen of Lima will be ready to forget, and in the last struggles of Mr. Faurot to regain his lost financial prestige he will still be remembered as one of Lima's real benefactors. CHAPTER XXI CONCLUSION Influences That Helped to Build a Great County—A Brave, Devoted and Enterprising People—Allen County a Type of the Great American Nation of To-day. History is a record of what man has done. The tides of old ocean ; the storms of winter; the torrid blasts of summer—all the influences of Nature combined have not wrought as great changes upon the earth's surface as has man, the type of an endless life. Long before the dawn of civilization man commenced to make history, to change the face of Mother Earth. In all the ages of civilized man, these changes have been growing at an increased rate. The great virgin forests, once covering the earth with a shield, have been laid low by the hand of man. The streams have been bridged, and the marshes drained. The black diamond and the amber oil have been brought from the depths for the comfort and necessity of man. The East and the West, the North and the South have been brought together by steam and electricity, almost causing us to forget time and space. These facts apply to no part of the country more fittingly than to Allen county. The old Black Swamp—once a menace to health and a bar to progress—has been made to blossom like the rose, and well-ordered farms with commodious dwellings and giant barns, are seen on every hand. The primeval forest has been converted into polished floors or "quartered" oak ; and in a thousand useful ways it serves the convenience of man, and has filled his pockets with shining gold. "The great forests, once so hated because they formed a stumbling-block in the tedious struggles to reduce the soil to a condition for tillage, have been converted into a source of wealth. Within a radius of five miles of Delphos, 35 sawmills (now perhaps doubled) are constantly employed in the manufacture of lumber, and a value nearly equalling the product of these mills is annually exported in the form of lumber. Excepting in the manufacturing of maple sugar, and for local building and fencing purposes, no use until recent years had been made of the timber, and its destruction from the face of the earth was the especial object of the pioneer farmers and in this at that time supposed good work they had the sympathies of all others who were interested in the development of the country. The gathering of the ginseng crop once afforded employment to the families of the early settlers, but the supply was scanty and it soon became exhausted. Some 18 years ago, when the business of the town was suffering from stagnation, Dr. J. W. Hunt, an enterprising druggist and now a citizen of Delphos bethought himself that he might aid the pioneers of the wilderness and add to his own trade, by offering to purchase the bark from the slippery elm trees, which were abundant in the adjacent swamps. For this new article of commerce he offered remunerative prices, and the supply soon appeared in quantities reaching hundreds of cords of the cured bark ; and he has since controlled the trade in Northwestern Ohio and adjacent regions. The resources found in the lumber and timber and in this bark trade, trifling as the latter may appear, have contributed, and are yet contributing, almost as much to the 340 - HISTORY OF ALLEN COUNTY prosperity of the town and country as the average of the cultivated acres, including the "products of the orchard." (From Knapp's History of the Maumee Valley."-1872.) School-houses and churches stand at every crossing of the ways, and these silent emblems are the means by which a great and noble people was evolved. Allen County, with her millions of wealth, her yet undeveloped resources, is an excellent type of the great American Nation of which she is a part. The same brand of patriotism that was born in the breast of Otis, Hancock, Jefferson, Henry and Adams, was found, fully ignited in the breasts of the people of Allen County when Lincoln sent forth his call for help, and in just 6o hours thereafter soldiers from this county were en route for Washington. Of the 100,224 common soldiers which Ohio sent to the war, Allen County furnished 776. In the veins of the people of this county pours a flood of rich- blood, formed from the mingling of the best of many races—the German, the Welsh, the Scotch-Irish, the French, the Danish and the English—and the product is a type of citizens whose energy and determination built the Faurot Block, and the Masonic Temple ; organized and managed The Lima Locomotive & Machine Company, and the Deisel-Wemmer cigar company, or financed a great bank or a railroad. In intellectual pursuits the people of the county have always taken an advanced standing. They have been prominent in law, medicine and statesmanship. While the county is not an old county, yet her voice has been heard in the councils of the State, and of the Nation. Her people are independent and courageous—they could live well if shut off from the rest of the world by some impassable barrier. From the soil, responsive to the farmer's patient toil, comes annually 400,000 bushels of wheat, and a million bushels of shelled corn, and other cereals in like proportion. The future of Allen County is assured—her rank and her standing in the sisterhood of counties of a great State, are unalterably fixed. Representative Citizens SAMUEL COLLINS, who is numbered with the retired business citizens of Lima, was formerly largely interested in the grocery line here, accumulating a competency and taking his place with men who have contributed largely to the development of Lima as a business center. Mr. Collins was born in Belmont County, Ohio, March 6, 1824, and is a son of John and Rachel (Cunningham) Collins. The grandparents of our subject were residents of Pennsylvania. From that State his parents removed as pioneers to Belmont County, Ohio. They belonged to that hardy, industrious class who led contented, agricultural lives and reared families which have made Ohio notable in every line of activity. Their nine children grew to maturity and all became respected members of the communities in which they subsequently settled. The parents left Belmont County in 1834 and moved to Logan County, where they lived the remainder of their lives. Samuel Collins grew up on his father's farm and attended the local schools. It was in 1852 that he came to Lima and established himself in the grocery business, in what is now known as the Boone Block, where he continued until he built the Collins Block in 1874, which he now owns and where he now makes his home. For many years he continued in business, took a prominent part in public matters, supported movements for various public improvements and at all times did his full duty as a man and citizen. In 1865 he retired from the grocery business and from that time to this he has been engaged in caring for his extensive real estate interests, which include many city lots and buildings and excellent farming properties. In 1847 Mr. Collins was married to Mary Brinser, a daughter of Christian Brinser. To them were born three children, viz : Rose, wife of J. Hinkle, deceased February 14, 1902 ; Daniel, who married Emma Pierson and resides in Lima ; and Perry, who married Catherine Fenlon and makes his home in Detroit, Michigan, where he is engaged in merchandising. Mrs. Collins died December 21, 1903. Mr. Collins is a Democrat and for some years he was active politically. In 1861 he was elected sheriff of Allen County and served with great efficiency until 1865. Fraternally he is a member of the Odd Fellows and the Red Men. His portrait accompanies this sketch. HON. JAMES MACKENZIE. The late Judge Mackenzie, long a resident and leading citizen of Lima, both inherited and won fame. As the son of his father he was distinguished, but he was more so because of his own brilliant intellect and conspicuous services in the editorial field and as a member of the bench and bar of Northwestern Ohio. He was born in Dundee, Scotland, July 14, 1814, and was a son of William Lyon Mackenzie, M. P. William Lyon Mackenzie was born in Scotland, March 12, 1795. In 1820 he removed to Canada and four years later established the Colonial Advocate at Toronto. In 1828 he was elected to the Provincial Parlia- 344 - HISTORY OF ALLEN COUNTY ment for York and at once entered upon a public career that aroused both personal enthusiasm and great animosity. He was the leader of the great Reform party and in 1832, upon the termination of his first service in Parliament, was sent as a delegate to London with a petition of grievances. Elected the first mayor of Toronto, in 1834, he continued to insist on reformatory movements in every branch of the government, publicly attacked the Lieutenant General of the Dominion in his newspaper, the Constitution, and in 1837, despairing of redress, headed a band of armed insurgents who demanded of this high official a settlement of grievances complained of. Long since, reforms far more radical than ever demanded by Mackenzie and his followers have been granted, but the times were not yet ripe and the reformer was excluded from Canada, and resided in the United States until the amnesty proclamation of 1849, when he returned to Canada and was there conspicuous in public life until his death, being a member of Parliament from 1850 until 1858. His death occurred at Toronto in 1861. James Mackenzie learned the printing business with his father and could not fail to be in sympathy with the latter in his great ideas for the free government of Canada. In 1837 he came to the United States and took part with the insurgents in the fighting on the frontier., with youthful enthusiasm assisting in all the insurrectionary movements. He was his father's closest friend and sympathizer and later he started a newspaper at Lockport, New York, designed -to help the Canadian cause, naming it the Freeman's Advocate. This journal was widely circulated, especially along the frontier, but was discontinued in 1839 for reasons of expediency. At a later date Mr. Mackenzie was engaged by Vick & Company, of Rochester, New York, who were then conducting a daily paper —the Workingmen's Advocate—in the interests of the American working man, as their editor, and when they sold out to a successor who established the Rochester Advertiser, Mr. Mackenzie continued on that journal for a time in the capacity of reporter and local editor. From Rochester Mr. Mackenzie came to Ohio and located at Cleveland where he resumed his law studies which he had previously commenced at Lockport, New York, and was prepared by the firm of Bishop & Backus for the bar, to which he was admitted in 1843. His selection of a field for practice was Henry County, Ohio, and while awaiting cases he taught school and entered into politics, being elected township clerk and, in 1844, prosecuting attorney of Henry County. The latter position he resigned in 1845 and removed to Putnam County, where he could not resist the temptation to reenter journalism, purchasing the Kalida Venture, a paper, of Democratic politics, which was generously supported in Putnam and other counties as soon as he assumed its management and which he ably conducted for 10 years. He soon became a leader in political life in Putnam County and in 1846 was elected prosecuting attorney, being subsequently re-elected in 1848 and 185o. In 1853 he was elected a member of the Ohio State Legislature and after a term of faithful service was again made prosecuting attorney of Putnam County in 1856. The removal of Mr. Mackenzie to Allen County in 1858 was only a breaking of old ties to make new ones. For two and a half years he was editor and publisher of the Allen County Democrat, and in 1861 and 1863 he was elected prosecuting attorney of Allen County. In the fall of 1865 he was elected judge of the Court of Common Pleas, to supply the vacancy occasioned by the death of Judge Metcalf, was elected judge in 1869 and again in 1874, completing his long term of judicial service in February, 1879, retiring from the bench with the respect and esteem of the members of the bar of Allen, Putnam and Shelby counties. Upon leaving the bench, Judge Mackenzie resumed the practice of the law at Lima, in partnership with Theodore D. Robb. Added years only brought increased honors and his name is numbered with the eminent ones of his profession in his adopted State. He was a man scrupulously upright and he never could be convinced that a question was right unless his judgment told him so. This solid judicial sense, with a kind of intellectual honesty and freedom from all bias, made him admirably AND REPRESENTATIVE CITIZENS - 345 fitted for so responsible a position as that of judge. He was also an effective advocate and his wise counsel preserved peace on many occasions when a less honest man would have ad-. vocated appealing to the machinery of the law. Judge Mackenzie was married to Lucina P. Leonard. and they had seven children, the two sons being Eugene C. and William L, the latter being a member of the law firm of Mot-ter, Mackenzie & Weadock, of Lima. In closing this review of a notable man, it is right to add that all during the Civil War Judge Mackenzie's sympathies were with the Union cause, his inherent love of liberty and freedom making him all his life opposed to slavery. He died at Lima, Ohio, on the 9th of May, 1901. His death left a great vacancy among the ranks of a profession which, in Allen County, has numbered many brilliant men. DAVIS J. CABLE, senior member of the well-known law firm of Cable & Parmenter, of Lima, and an attorney of acknowledged ability, who has been in active practice for almost a quarter of a century, was born in Van Wert County, Ohio, August 11, 1859, and is a son of John I and Angie R. Johnson) Cable. Joseph Cable, the paternal grandfather of our subject, settled in Ohio prior to its admission as a State. He was one of the distinguished men of his time. From 1849 to 1853 he represented the Fifth Congressional District of Ohio, composed of Columbiana, Stark, Jefferson and Carroll counties, in the United States Congress and is noted further as being the author of the first homestead bill presented to Congress. He edited the first newspaper. issued at (New) Lisbon, Columbiana County, and later was associate justice of the State. The maternal grandfather, Davis Johnson, was one of the early pioneers of Van Wert County. Davis J. Cable was reared in Van Wert 'County, where the family has always been a prominent one. On completing the common school course, he turned his attention to the law, subsequently entering the law department of the University of Michigan, at Ann Arbor. He then came to Lima, was admitted to the bar in 1881 and entered into practice. In 1882 he was elected city solicitor. The firm of Cable & Parmenter, which was formed in 1888, is one of the strongest in the county and handles a large part of the important cases coming before the various courts. Their well-appointed and commodious offices are located at No. 304 Masonic Building, Lima. Mr. Cable organized The Lima Telephone & Telegraph Company and is now and has been for some years the president of the same. He was one of the organizers of the National Roofing Tile Company, of which he has always been secretary. He was the originator and one of the promoters of the Fort Wayne, Van Wert & Lima Traction Company and is at present vice-president and counsel of this company. In 1882 Mr. Cable was married to Mary A. Harnly. They have a delightful home that they call "Springside Farm," which is located in the city environs. Mr. Cable is a prominent Mason and has served as master of both the local lodges. Mr. Cable was one of the organizers of. The Masonic Hall Company, of which he became president and served as such during the erection of the Masonic Building and for two years thereafter. While not an active politician, he has always been alert as to public conditions and has constantly performed every duty of a good citizen. HON THEODORE E. CUNNINGHAM. Probably no citizen of Lima has passed off the active scene of life within the last quarter of a century, who possessed in higher degree the different qualities which command respect and encourage admiration and personal affection than the late Theodore E. Cunningham, who for many years was one of the leading members of the bar. Few men of his profession have left a more lasting impress upon the 346 - HISTORY OF ALLEN COUNTY community. He was born October 31, 1830, in Wayne County, Ohio, and died April 16, 1889, at Lima, Ohio, aged 59 years. His parents were Dr. William and Anna (Ewalt) Cunningham. Mr. Cunningham came of a combination of Scotch, Irish and French stock. Archibald C. Cunningham, his paternal grandfather, came to Ohio in 1821 from Washington County, Pennsylvania, taking up a large tract of farming land in Wayne County. His son William turned his attention to medicine and in January, 1832, came to Allen County, settling in the locality and among the straggling cottages which then represented the now thriving and important city of Lima. Here he, too, soon had a home, building his log cabin on what is now the southeast corner of the Public Square. He became a well-known practitioner and a man who was as highly considered for his professional skill as he was for his sterling traits of character. Dr. William Cuninngham married Anna Ewalt, who was born in Bedford County, Pennsylvania, being a descendant of an old Huguenot family which once owned estates along the Rhine. Seven children were born to Dr. and Mrs. Cunningham, the three survivors of these being : Eliza, a resident of Lima, wife of Josiah Williams ; Clementine, wife of W. K. Brice, and Sarah B., wife of George Morris, of Putnam County, Ohio. Theodore E. Cunningham attended school at Lima until about 16 years of age, when he was apprenticed to the printing business, entering the office of the Kalida Venture, which was under the editorial management of James Mackenzie. He remained three years with this journal, and then came to Lima as associate editor of the Lima Argus, which, in 1852, in partnership with William C. Tompkinson, he bought. This paper previously had been owned by Mathias H. Nichols and at that time was the only newspaper printed in the town. In 1854 he retired in order to take up his law practice, having been admitted to the bar in 1852, following the completion of his law 'studies with the firm of Nichols & Waldorf. He was succeeded on the Argus by Thomas M. Robb, who continued the paper Until 1855 when Mr. Cunningham and a Mr. Poland took possession of the office. After a year, during which period they conducted the paper under the title of the People's Press, Mr.. Cunningham retired entirely from connection with the publication. In the meantime he had entered into a law partnership with Mr. Waldorf, which continued until 186o, when he was commissioned a member of the Board of Enrollment of the Fifth District of Ohio and attended to these duties through the period of the Civil War. In politics he was a Democrat. In 1866 he was elected a delegate to the Philadelphia convention, and in 1873 he was elected from Allen County as a member of the Ohio State Constitutional Convention. The able manner in which he here represented his constituents is a matter of history. He entered into political contests with the courage of his convictions. and fought long and well, even when he foresaw defeat. He was long considered one of the ablest members of the Lima bar, not only on account of his native ability and intellectual force but also for other qualities. He was a man of magnetic presence, an orator who could hold his audience spellbound and a conversationalist whose slightest effort brought new and entertaining views to light. Then he was so genuine. When he gave the clasp of friendship, he meant it, and even when, in course of conducting a case, his facts and arguments bore heavily on his opponent, there was no personal malice and no professional arrogance. He was a man of refined, scholarly tastes, an incisive writer and a man of wide reading. To him those in need of advice or sympathy naturally turned and, without consideration of financial obligation, none was.. ever turned aside. In 1855 Mr. Cunningham was married to Elizabeth Hyatt, of Mount Vernon, Ohio, who died February 5, 1904, aged 72 years. To them were born six children. HON. WILLIAM H. CUNNINGHAM, now filling the responsible and honorable office of judge of the Court of Common Pleas for Allen County, is a son of Hon. Theodore E.. AND REPRESENTATIVE CITIZENS - 349 Cunningham, the subject of this sketch. He was first elected to his present position in 1898 and was reelected in 1902. He has every qualification for able work at the bar and is regarded as an honor to the bench and bar- of Lima. He is noted for the fair and impartial decisions that have characterized his service on the common pleas bench. Judge Cunningham read law in his father's office and was admitted to the bar in 1876, beginning at once the practice of his profession in Lima. He is a strong Democrat and no man in Allen County or this section of the State stands higher in the estimation of his fellow-citizens than he. In his fraternal relations he is a Mason, an Odd Fellow, an Elk and a Red Man. His wife, whose name before marriage was Emma L. Funk, died in 1888, leaving one son, Allan, who is now engaged in business in Texas. S. B. HINER, M. D., one of the most prominent physicians and surgeons of Lima and president of the Lima Hospital, was born in 1838 in Wayne County, Ohio, and is a son of John Hiner, one of the early settled agriculturists of that section. S. B. Hiner enjoyed the best educational advantages that the time and locality afforded in his boyhood and youth. In 1864 he was graduated in medicine from the Ohio Medical College, Cincinnati, and immediately afterward he entered the Union Army as an assistant surgeon, being detailed to hospital work at Knoxville, Tennessee. He remained there until the spring of 1865. After the close of the war, he located at Lima, Ohio, where he has continued in practice ever since. Perhaps not the "Nestor" of the profession here, but surely one of the most eminent, Dr. Hiner is respected, beloved and valued all over the city. He has been president of the Lima Hospital ever since its founding and his skill and professional ability as well as his executive capacity have made the position especially his own. He has been president of the Allen County Medical Society - 19 - and the Northwestern Medical Association and in addition to having membership in these two societies has also membership in the Ohio State Medical Society and the American Medical Association and the Association of Erie Railroad Surgeons. It was principally through Dr. Hiner's efforts that the first steps were taken toward organizing the Northwestern Ohio Medical Association. He was one of those who brought-about the joint meeting of the medical societies of Allen and Van Wert counties, held at Lima on April 4, 1869. It was then and there pro posed that a medical society should be formed to include the counties of Allen, Van Wert, Putnam, Auglaize, Hardin, Hancock, and Mercer, which constituted the congressional district. At this meeting he proposed that another meeting be held the following June. He again wrote to the physicians in this congressional district and a very creditable meeting was the result. Physicians from Lima, Wapakoneta, Kenton, Mendon, Delphos, Ottawa, Van Wert, Columbus Grove, St. Marys and Spencerville—in all, 20—were present at this meeting, which was held June 1, 1869. At this time a permanent organization was effected and the constitution and by-laws adopted. The first president of the association was Dr. W. H. Harper, who was elected in 1899. Dr. Hiner was elected president in 1881. It was not until December, 1871, that the territorial limits were so changed as to include all of Northwestern Ohio. Dr. Hiner has been the surgeon for the Chicago & Erie Railroad ever, since transportation over that line began, and for a like period has been surgeon for the Detroit Southern and the Western Ohio. Through post-graduate courses in New York, Dr. Hiner has kept up with modern methods of thought and practice and his years of varied experience have added to his skill. Dr. Hiner is a member of the Presbyterian Church. Fraternally he belongs to the Masons and the Knights of Pythias. He has two sons —Edward W. and Harry C.,—both residents of Lima. A portrait of Dr. Hiner accompanies this sketch, being shown on a foregoing page.