100 - HISTORY OF ASHLAND COUNTY, OHIO, CHAPTER XXXV. THE MILITIA AND SOLDIERS OF THE WAR OF 1812. The First Regiment of the First Brigade.—First Officers.--Reorganization.—Regimental Musters.—Free Fights.—The Rifle Regiment.— Roster of Ashland Soldiers in the War of 1812. THE military history of Ashland county is quite meager. Prior to its separation from Richland county, in 1846., it had a regiment of militia and a regiment of rifles. The militia regiment was formed about the year 1824, and consisted of ten full companies. The rolls of the companies have been 'destroyed, and we are compelled to accept a traditionary history. The organization was known as the "First regiment, of the First brigade, of the Eleventh division, of the Ohio militia." The regimental officers- were: FIELD AND STAFF. Colonel John Oldshue. Lieutenant Colonel William Scott. Major William. Roller. Adjutant Sage Kellogg. Surgeon Joel Luther. COMMISSIONED OFFICERS. Captain Burr Kellogg, Montgomery. Captain Absalom Newell, Montgomery. Captain James Doty, Mifflin. Captain Hugh Burns, Milton. Captain John Woodburn, Milton. Captain Thomas Ford, Clearcreek. Captain John McWilliams, Clearcreek. Captain Joseph Bishop, Orange. Captain William Patterson, Orange. Captain Joseph Strickland, Vermillion. During the existence of the first organization, many changes took place in the regimental and company officers. John Latta, Zachariah Newell, Christian Bush, Burr Kellogg, and Jacob Heckard acted part of the time as captains. REORGANIZATION. In 1834 the regiment was reorganized, but retained its original place in the Ohio militia. Colonel John Oldshue resigned, and was succeeded by Alexander Miller; Major William Roller resigned, and was succeeded by Richard P. Fulkerson. The regimental officers then were: FIELD AND STAFF. Colonel Alexander Miller. Lieutenant Colonel William Scott. Major Richard P. Fulkerson. Adjutant Ephraim R. Eckley. Surgeon Joel Luther. COMMISSIONED OFFICERS. Captain Richard P. Fulkerson, Montgomery. Captain Alanson Walker, Montgomery. Captain Zachariah Newell, Montgomery, Captain James Doty, Mifflin. Captain John Woodburn, Milton. Captain Hugh Burns, Milton. Captain Christian Bush, Orange. Captain Joseph Bishop, Orange. Captain Thomas Ford, Clearcreek. Captain Joseph Strickland, Vermillion. In a short time, Samuel W. Russell succeeded William Scott as Lieutenant Colonel; and Colonel Alexander Miller having resigned, Lieutenant Colonel Russel became Colonel, and John Madden Lieutenant Colonel. In the meantime, Adjutant Ephraim R. Eckley resigned, and Paschel Whiting was appointed to fill the vacancy. When Captain Richard P. Fulkerson became major, William Sheets was elected to fill the vacancy, There were other changes not now remembered. This regiment maintained its organization until about the year 1844, when the militia system of Ohio practically expired. Colonels Oldshue and Russell, and Major Madden removed west. Colonel Alexander Miller died in 1860, Adjutants Kellogg and Whiting, Dr. Luther and Colonel Scott, and a majority of the captains, have responded to the last roll-call, and gone to a grand encampment across the great river. Captain Alanson Walker Served honorably in the war of 1861-5; and Major Richard P, Fulkerson accompanied the "Squirrel-Hunters" to Cincinnati, during the apprehended invasion of General Kirby Smith, of Kentucky. The regimental musters, for many years, took place on a small prairie below the village of Mifflin, on the bank of the Black fork. This field gave ample room for maneuvering and regimental display. The privates were destitute of fire-arms on train day, and the performance was a mere pastime, and regarded as a dry affair. For many years the companies were conditionally kept in existence. The privates, under the law, could either train or work two days on the public highway. Many preferred to repair the roads, and this sapped the vitality of the organization. Train days, however, were not wholly destitute of excitement. Such assemblages gave an opportunity for the "roughs" to concentrate their forces to settle old griefs and grudges. In the earlier years of the militia system, there seems to have been a bitter feud between the pugilistic chiefs of the Clear fork and the Whetstone, The Clearcreek chiefs consisted of the Slaters and Bradys, and their backers, while those of the Whetstone were led by the Montgomerys, Burgetts, Bradens and others. There were also many game men on the tary quarters in Montgomery and Orange townships, known as members of the "sixteen nations," who were ready, on all occasions, to see a fight well regulated, an generally took a hand in such contests. When the gre chiefs of the Whetstone and the Clear fork met, the friends accompanied them. They were, generally, m of large size and famous for their muscle and courage. At the dismissal of the companies in the evening, t respective chiefs, fired by bad whiskey, and eager for t e fray, assembled their hosts. In a few moments the champions opened the contest, when large numbers of sympathizers would be drawn into the struggle to see fair play. A hand to hand contest followed. Parties were' knocked right and left, and the victims of the "manly art of self-defence" were found in every quarter, with. bruised faces, and gouged eyes and bitten fingers, stained with blood. It was no child's play. The heavy blows made fearful havoc. The war ended. The braves and their friends marched to a brook, washed their faces, and then proceeding to a neighboring still-house, drank friends and buried the hatchet. These sturdy warriors are all HISTORY OF ASHLAND COUNTY, OHIO - 101 gone. Their places are now filled by men of peace. Reason, instead of blows, sways public gatherings, and intelligence, instead of brute force, rules along those beautiful streams, About the year 1852 an effort was made to revive the militia organization of the county, and create a brigade. To this end Captain John S. Fulton and Colonel George W. Urie visited the officers of the old regiment, who voted for Captain Fulton as their choice for brigadier general. He was accordingly commissioned by the governor as brigadier general, and appointed his staff officers. The brigade officers were: Brigadier General John S. Fulton, Brigade Inspector George W. Uric, Quartermaster Jacob Crall. The other members of the staff were from Huron county. The attempt thereafter to revive the militia system was abandoned. THE RIFLE REGIMENT, About the year 1826, a rifle regiment was formed within the territory now composing Ashland, Morrow, and Richland counties. It was known as the First regiment, of the First brigade, of the Eleventh division of Ohio militia. The regimental and company officers were : FIELD AND STAFF. Colonel Samuel G. Wolf. Lieutenant Colonel John Murray. Major George W. Uric. Adjutant William Stevens. Surgeon William Bushnell. COMMISSIONED OFFICERS. Captain George Murray, Orange. Captain Joseph Gladden, Green. Captain Hugh Martin, Springfield. Captain Jacob Lynn, Franklin. Captain Ezekiel Chew, Blooming-grove. Captain N. S. Henry, Lucas. Captain Robert W. Mitchell, Bloomfield. Captain John Baughman, Bellville. It will be seen that the regiment was composed of eight companies, which were elegantly uniformed and armed, and the glitter of their burnished rifles, and their gay dresses, made a fine display in the field. The regimental and company officers attracted much attention in consequence of their size and soldier-like bearing. The regimental officers were superbly mounted, and their regalia was quite expensive. The first company was composed of volunteers from Clearcreek, Orange and Montgomery. The first captain was John Murray. He was succeeded by John Sprott, and he by George W. Uric. The company then disbanded, Captain Uric having been promoted to major. A new company was then formed. Jacob Oldshue was elected captain, and sometime afterward resigned. George McConnell succeeded him, and upon his resignation George Murray was elected captain, and remained in command until the regiment disbanded. Upon the resignation of Colonel Samuel G. Wolf, Lieutenant Colonel John Murray became colonel, and upon the resignation of Colonel Murray in 1840, Major Uric was elected colonel of the regiment. Colonel Urie appointed John Sherman, now Secretary of the Treasury of the United States, adjutant. He is said to have possessed a good deal of military spirit. He rode a spirited horse, and, being elegantly uniformed, excited a good deal of admiration by his promptness, neatness, and officer-like bearing. Colonel Samuel G. Wolf, at a recent period, was a citizen of Richland county, and, if alive, is well advanced in years. He is said to have been a very fine officer. His personal appearance and excellent voice enabled him to acquit himself with marked efficiency. Colonel John Murray possessed a good deal of military spirit, and made an industrious and influential officer. He served as county treasurer for Richland from 1837 to 1841. He rem, ved to Missouri and died about 1858. He is well remembered all the old citizens, for his fine personal appearance, genial manners and industrious habits. Colonel George W. Uric resides in Ashland, and although well advanced in years, the shrill tones of a fife, the sound of a drum or a military parade excites the martial fires that once blazed in his organization. During the war of 1861-65, it was difficult for him to refrain from taking a hand in the "scrimmage." Advancing years and failing health alone kept him from the fray. Very few company officers survive. Captain Gladden, Captain Lynn, Captain George McConnell and Captain John Sprott are believed to be all of the old organization that remain. Many pleasant memories cluster about the old train days. To keep those reminiscences ever green is the principal object of this sketch. Of course, it is not pretended that this history is complete. The unfortunate destruction of the old company rolls and other records, make it impossible to travel out of tradition. About the year 1841 a company of lancers was formed in Ashland, composed of boys from fifteen to eighteen years of age, of which the late Bolivar W. Kellogg was captain. The members of the company possessed all the enthusiasm of regular soldiers, were handsomely uniformed and made a fine display. It survived some three or four years. About the same time a light infantry company was formed, and the late William Johnston, of Mansfield, was elected captain. This company survived until about 1846, when it was merged into a new organization, sometimes called the Ashland guards. Captain Scott, Richard Emerson, John S. Fulton and Anthony Jacobs successively became its captains. It expired in 1852. SOLDIERS OF THE WAR OF 1812. During the pioneer period of Ashland county many soldiers of the war of 1812 located amid the forests of this region. Very few of these brave old men survive. At this time (1880) the only ones able to answer roll-call are : Abraham Armentrout, of Hayesville, James Kilgore, of Orange, E. Halstead of Indiana, Nathaniel Clark and J. S. Parker, of Troy, Jacob Helbert, of Mohicanville, R. D. Emerson, Missouri, and Jacob Shopbell, of Orange. The rest have passed over the great river to a grand encampment in a better land. The following is 102 - HISTORY OF ASHLAND COUNTY, OHIO. believed to be a complete roll of the worthy braves who settled within the present limits of Ashland county : Solomon Urie, Samuel Burns, David Burns, John Clay, Samuel White, Joshua Glenn, Henry Gamble, William Reed, Patrick Murray, James Murray, John Tilton, Jacob Hiffner, jr., George Hilkey, James Pollock, Abraham Doty, Andrew Stevison, Thomas Donley, John Proudfit, Francis Graham, Peter Whitright, Jacob Zigler, James Dickason, George Remley, Allen Lockhart, Thomas Miller, James Short, James A. Dinsmore, William Hunter, Abraham Armentrout, John Galloway, Enoch Taylor, John Taylor, Michael Riddle, Robert Nelson, Richard Winbigler, George Martin, Thomas Henry, Thomas Urie, Samuel Urie, Andrew Byerly, Isaac Smalley, James Andrews, Adam Link, Thomas McConnell, Samuel Fulton, R. Richey, W. Richey, Calvin Hibbard, Sage Kellogg, John McConnell, Jacob Jackson, James Kilgore, Thomas Willey, James Campbell, Jacob Mykrantz, Charles Hoy, George McFadden, Daniel Porter, William Craig, George Cornell, E. Halstead, Nathaniel Clark, J. S. Parker, John Hazlett, Thomas Smith, John Woodburn, Joseph Workman, John Smith, Hugh Adams, Case Macumber, Charles Tannehill, Elijah Hart, Sterling G. Bushnell, Abraham Johnson, David Stephens, Joseph Strickland, Samuel Taylor, William Burwell, John Burwell, Matthew Palmer, Mordecai Lincoln, Nicholas Shaffer, George Winbigler, James Cameron, George Richart, Jacob Shopbell, John Chambers, Abraham Huffman, Jacob Ridenour, Jacob Crouse, Rudolph Brandeberry, Philip Brandeberry, William Shaw, John Wertman, John Davoult, John Lambright, Henry Neal, Harvey Sackett, Salmon Weston; Brahmon Johnson, Samuel Monroe, Daniel Beach, Samuel Camp, Jacob Roorback, Abraham Ferris, John Hall, Joseph Gates, Elias Slocum, Rev. Richard D. Emerson, Philip Markley, Jacob Switzer, Robert Ralston, sr., Jacob Helbert, Levi Mercer, sr., Wesley Richard, Thomas Pittinger, James Allison, Charles Hoy, Christopher Rice, John Smith, James Dickson, Samuel Cordell, Peter Burns. REVOLUTIONARY SOLDIERS. There were two in Perry: John Shriner, from Maryland, who died in 1855, and John Scott, from Pennsylvania, who died about 1853 or 1854 CHAFFER XXXVI. ASHLAND COUNTY IN THE WAR OF 1861-5. A Complete Roll of all the Commissioned and Non-commissioned Officers and Privates, with a History of the Company and Regiment in Which they Served, and the Casualties Attending the Service. WHATEVER may be the judgment of future historians as to the avoidance or necessity of the great civil war of 1861-65, it must be conceded that the soldiers and officers who served in the campaigns of that struggle, acquitted themselves promptly, efficiently and bravely, and are entitled to a just weed of praise. Ashland county furnished a just proportion of volunteers and officers, and the number of deaths, the scars and missing limbs of the surviving, show that her sons did not cower in the presence of the enemy. It is therefore deemed appropriate, in sketching the history of this county, to record the soldierly bearing of the sons of the pioneers, in the late war. The want of space alone, prevents a full narration of the achievements of our volunteers on the ensanguined fields of the far south. During the late war, the State of Ohio furnished three hundred and ten thousand six hundred and fifty-four soldiers, who were enlisted in the various counties in proportion to the draftable population. This enormous force was embodied into one hundred and ninety-eight regiments of volunteer infantry, thirteen regiments of voluntee cavalry, twenty-six independent batteries, one regiment light artillery, two regiments of heavy artillery, one regiment of colored volunteer infantry, and a number of independent companies of sharpshooters, light guards, squadrons of cavalry, etc., etc. These combined regiments make an army equal to some of the larger empires of Europe, and came from a State that three quarters of a century ago, contained a population of less than fifty thousand. How amazing has been the growth of Ohio in population and wealth within the last fifty years! Her sons won imperishable laurels on every battlefield of the war, and commanded most of the armies of the Republic. McDowell, Sherman, McClellan, Grant, Sheridan, McPherson, Morgan, Rosecranz, Buell, and hundreds of other prominent officers, were the sons, or the adopted sons, of the Buckeye State, THE SIXTEENTH REGIMENT, OHIO VOLUNTEER INFANTRY, Of the seventy-five thousand enlisted soldiers of April 15, 1861, Ohio furnished twelve thousand three hundred and fifty-seven. Ashland county had one company of volunteers for the three months' service. The officers were: Captain John S. Fulton; First Lieutenant Thomas J Kenny; Second Lieutenant William B. McCarty. The company rendezvoused at Camp Jackson, near the city of Columbus, Ohio, April 23, 1861, where it was enrolled to the eighteenth day of August 1861. On the third day of May, 1861, Captain John S. Fulton was promoted to lieutenant colonel, and Thomas J. Kenny to be captain of company B. On the seventh of May William B. McCarty was commissioned first lieutenant, Samuel L. Wilson, second lieutenant; William P. Wright, ensign. NON-COMMISSIONED OFFICERS. First Sergeant Warren H. Wasson. Second Sergeant William W. Brown. Third Sergeant Bud Walcott. Fourth Sergeant Silas Gould. First Corporal James Lafferty. Second Corporal John Sloan. Third Corporal Nelson Smith. Fourth Corporal Henry Dudley. PRIVATES Albert Briggs, John Brothers, Nathan Blue, John Bird, Elzie Bean, Nelson Blue, Alonzo Brown, John F. Cordell, Gates F. Carnes, Stephen Carney, George V. Coner, David R. Crance, Robert N. Cross, Harrison Campbell, Josiah Closson, James Campbell, Robert M. Campbell, Le Grand G. Drown, William Daniels, John B. Darrow, James W. Belano, Ambrose S. Eldred, Samuel N. Ecker, Nathaniel L. Eddie, Porter M. Ford, Luther M. Fast, JohU GrissiUger, Windom Garst, John Hickle, Oscar Harrington, Christian N. Hershey, John Hyman, David Hunt, William C. Hodge, Andrew Hornstine, Frederick Heitz, Celestus Jenkins, Cyrus W. Johnston, Samuel Kidwell, 'Theodore W. Krisher, Joshua B. Krebs, James H. Landis, Joseph Lockhart, Arteus Marsh, George McConnell, Lucius Mead, Albert McCurdy, Samuel Miller, George McNabb, William Mater, George Miller, George Mitchelton, Thomas McMurray, Lot McSweeney, Allen McCall, Lewis Markley, William Noggle, John S. Nickson, Hamilton Oldroyd, Thomas B. Onstall, Franklin Otts, Hezekiah Potter, William A. Power, James F. Potter, Jerome Potter, James Peacock, Ransom Pearson, William H. Porter, John S. Plunk, John Richards, John NV. Rathl, Daniel Ranhouser, Lincoln S. Rice, Milton Randall, Wilber F. Rubinson, Geo. Riggs, William H. Rowe, Joseph Spencer, John M. Scott, William G. Scott, Gates Scotty, George W. Slover, Joseph Steinbruser, Charles Smith, Michael Sprinkle, Daniel W. Sue, Andrew Shoemaker, John D HISTORY OF ASHLAND COUNTY, OHIO - 103 Seatchell, Harman Thomas, George Tuttle, William Tuttle, Benjamin V. Upton, Christopher C. Warner, and William Zimmerman—ninetyfour men. The company became a part of the Sixteenth regiment, at Camp Jackson, Columbus, in May, 1861, under the command of Colonel James Irvine; John S. Fulton, of Ashland, being lieutenant colonel by promotion. The regiment was immediately ordered to Bellaire, and thence to Grafton West Virginia, where it met the Fourteenth, under Colonel James B. Steedman, and the Fifteenth, under Colonel Lorin Andrews, and a regiment of West Virginians under Colonel Kelley. The Confederate forces, on the approach of these regiments, retired from Grafton in the direction of Philippi, and were pursued to that point, where a sharp skirmish ensued with Colonel Porterfield, who again retreated, and West Virginia was practically liberated. From Bellaire to Grafton the railroad track had been greatly damaged by the Southern forces, and the Ohio regiments immediately commenced repairs, and put the road in proper condition, placing guards to prevent further injury. To accomplish the task of restoring the road, the Sixteenth Ohio performed arduous duty. A short time after the affair at Philippi, General McClellan made a demonstration in the direction of Laurel Hill, but, from delays, and want of concert in movement, nothing was accomplished beyond marches and counter-marches. The Fourteenth regiment, under Colonel Steedman, was the first to cross at Parkersburgh, and the Sixteenth, under Colonel Irvine, at Bellaire. The company was mustered out August 18, 1861, at Columbus, Ohio. THE TWENTY-THIRD REGIMENT, OHIO VOLUNTEER INFANTRY. The Twenty-third was commanded by Colonel E. P. Scammon. Under the call of July 22, 1861, for five hundred thousand men, Ohio furnished eighty-four thousand one hundred and sixteen men. These volunteers were divided among the various counties in the ratio of draftable men. Ashland county raised two full companies, which were incorporated in the Twenty-third regiment. The roster shows the following officers, promotions and men : COMPANY G—THREE YEARS SERVICE. COMMISSIONED OFFICERS. Captain Willard Slocum, resigned July 17, 1861. Captain James B. Drake, resigned September 24, 1862. Captain Henry G. Hood, mustered out. First Lieutenant Henry G. Hood; promoted captain. First Lieutenant C. E. Reichenbach, promoted captain. First Lieutenant B. F'. Cooper, mustered out. First Lieutenant George W. Stevens, promoted captain. First Lieutenant D. K. Smith, promoted captain. First Lieutenant M. B. Deshong, promoted captain. Second Lieutenant Addison Snively, mustered out. Second Lieutenant George W. Stevens, promoted first lieutenant. Second Lieutenant D. K. Smith, promoted first lieutenant. Second Lieutenant B. F. Cooper, promoted first lieutenant. Second Lieutenant W. A. Stoner, mustered out. Second Lieutenant C. A. Towslee, mustered out. Second Lieutenant M. B. Deshong, promoted first lieutenant. Second Lieutenant L. R. Gray, killed at Winchester. Second Lieutenant Henry M. Beer, mustered out. Second Lieutenant James M. Craig, mustered out. NON-COMMISSIONED OFFICERS. First Sergeant John McNaull. Second Sergeant Charles A. Towslee. Third Sergeant Milton B. Deshong. Fourth Sergeant Frederick F. Koonse. Fifth Sergeant John M. Simonton. First Corporal James S. Brown. Second Corporal Alfred 0. Long. Third Corporal Edward P. Carr. Fourth Corporal Mark Slonaker. Fifth Corporal Andrew B. Jackson. Sixth Corporal Abram Gipe. Seventh Corporal Willard E. Slocum. Eighth Corporal George A. Kellogg. Fifer Patrick Fleaharty. Drummer James A. Huffman. Bugler John Zimmerman. Wagoner Philip Martin. PRIVATES. William Arthur, Alfred Arthur, Edwin Arthur, Edward Albright, William Brown, Joseph A. Brown, Andrew M. Burton, Abner G. Byron, Theodore Belding, John M. Benton, John Buchan, Daniel Chapman, Rodney H. Carr, Theodore Coffin, Eugene Coffin, Oscar F. Crall, John M. Clugston, Joseph J. Cratty, Milton N. Campbell, W. A. Critchfield, William S. Crepps, Josiah M. Closson, Lawrence Donivan, Charles Dean, William H. Eichner, John B. Fulkerson, James Finley, Bartholomew Fitzgerald, John Foll, John Gault, John N. Galleher, Lewis R. Grey, John Goss, Christian Gillgen, Francis M. Grimes, Charles Goodfellow, Jacob Hisey, Henry Hildebrand, David Hart, Samuel Harman, Jacob B. Hoke, Silas Hall, Alfred Hall, Thomas J. Hargrave, Charles W. Hoffman, Oliver P. Jackson, Amos Kirkwood, Herbert Kilburn, John W. Kiser, Jeremiah Linard, Solomon Linard, Cyrus McConnell, Hugh Moore, Philip Michael, Samuel W. McClain, David Mercer, Thomas Micks, John McKinley, Francis R. McClintock, Earhart V. Miller, George W. Mock, George W. Mercer, John Melheim, Christian Miller, John Neff, William Neff, Levi Owen, John W. Oswald, Michael O'Brien, William O'Brien, John S. Pinney, Solomon Richwine, Joseph J. Roop, Perry Romine, William A. Stoner, James Strong, William Strick, John Sughrue, William A. Snively, Frederick Stewart, George W. Smith, George K. Smith, Andrew F. Saner, Henry P. Shutt, William E. Sefton, William Stover, John Spitler, Milton Simonton, Christian Stoner, Charles Sanders, Michael S. Treace, Wesley J. Taylor, George M. Towslee, John Vangilder, Newton Van Nimman, David V. Wherry, Daniel Whisler, Henry 0. West, William H. Whitcomb, and Alexander Wright. The company was organized in Ashland, by Captain Willard Slocum, and went to Camp Chase, Columbus, Ohio, June 7, 1861; and on the 11tH, was mustered into service. July 25th, it was ordered to West Virginia. It participated in nearly all the engagements against Generals Lee, Jackson and Floyd. In t862, it was at the engagement at Jumping Branch. In May, it was at the battle of Pearisburg. It was next in Pope's campaign. In. September, it helped expel the enemy from Frederick City,and participated in the great battles at South Mount tain and Antietam. In October, it returned to the Kanawha valley, and aided in expelling the Confederate forces. In February, 1863, it was engaged in watching the approach of the noted Confederate raider, General John Morgan. In the long and arduous service of this company, the wounded and mortality list is quite heavy. The following members of the company died in hospital or were killed during engagements: Mark Slonaker, killed at South Mountain; William S. Crepps, killed at South Mountain; David Hart, died in hospital; John W. Kiser, John S. Penney, and Daniel Whisler, killed at South Mountain; W. H, Whitcomb, died in hospital ; William H. Eichner, killed at Cloyd Mountain; Lewis R. Gray, 104 - HISTORY OF ASHLAND COUNTY, OHIO, killed at Winchester; Charles Goodfellow, wounded at Winchester, taken prisoner, and died while in captivity; George W, Mercer and Charles Sanders, killed at Cloyd Mountain; George M. Towslee, killed at Cabletown, Virginia. COMPANY H THREE YEARS' SERVICE. This company was organized by Captain. James L. Drake, and recruited in Hanover, Lake and Green townships, and was mustered in at Camp Chase, Columbus, Ohio, June 12, 1861. The officers and privates were: COMMISSIONED OFFICERS. Captain James L. Drake. First Lieutenant John P. Cunningham. Second Lieutenant DeHaven K. Smith. NON-COMMISSIONED OFFICERS. First Sergeant Charles E. Reichenbach. Second Sergeant Bently Leggitt. Third Sergeant George W. Ramage. Fourth Sergeant James M. Craig. Fifth Sergeant George W. Smith. First Corporal William F. Leopold. Second Corporal Benjamin S. Brown. Third Corporal Lewis D. Hughes. Fourth Corporal Elisha Harris. Fifth Corporal George W. Shaffer. Sixth Corporal Emanuel Stoffer. Seventh Corporal William Brown. Eighth Corporal John Elder. Musician Elias Robinson. Musician Richard Lightner. Wagoner Aaron Sigafoos. PRIVATES. John Atherton, William C. Barnes, Benjamin F. Bell, Lorenzo D. Bell, Samuel Bell, David Briggs, John Campbell, Samuel G. Clark, Henry H. Cramer, Benjamin F. Cooper, Albert Carmichael, Joseph -Cramer, Isaac R. Crawford, Christian Cremmel, Conrad Doup, Lewis Doup, Francis M. Drake, John B. Fisher, Frank I. Gardner, Barnard Gillespie, David Grenbaugh, James W. Green, George W. Harper, Henry Henderson, Florian F. Howriens, Christian Kelser, Jacob J. Keiser, Airne Lechot, Harrison Leggett, Harrison H. Leggett, Henry Lightner, Daniel Long, Joshua W. Mattocks, lames McClain, James L. McClaren, Samuel E. McGinley, Thomas McIntire, Immer A. McMillen, William H. Northway, Charles Oats, Daniel I. Onstoll, James W. Poulson, Henry W. Parsons, Wilson B. Patterson, Elijah Pealer, Francis V. Pecant, James Pinkerton, Joseph Pinkerton, William W. Peck, David J. Richardson, Jacob E. Rife, Joseph Rawlinson, Henry Saner, Walter B. Selby, Christian Shank, David Shanklin, William I I. Snyder, Samuel B. Spencer, Stephen Spurgeon, John W. Turner, John C. Wareham, Isaac N. Whitney, Robinson Wiggins, Thomas Williams, John Dunn, Charles Jones, John Moore, Jacob Moore, Stephen Mullony, John Seven, John Smith, Jeremiah Sutton and William Truax. George W. Shaffer was killed at South Mountain; Richard Lichtner died in hospital; Joseph Cramer was drowned in the Kanawha river; Henry W. Parsons died of wounds received at South Mountain; Joseph Pinkerton died in hospital; David J. Richardson died, from wounds received in battle; Isaac N. Whitney was killed in action September 14, 1862; and Robinson Wiggins fell in the same battle. Company H appears to have been mustered out at Cumberland, Maryland, July 26, 1865. THE TWENTY-THIRD REGIMENT, The Twenty-third was organized at Camp Chase, Ohio. Colonel William S, Rosecranz commanded. During the campaign in West Virginia he was promoted to the position of brigadier general, and Lieutenant Colonel Scammon promoted to the vacancy. On the twenty-fifth of July, 1861, the regiment was ordered to Clarksburgh, Vest Virginia. On the twenty- seventh of July, it was ordered to Weston. Here it performed arduous duty in fighting guerillas. The regiment next marched to Carnifax Ferry, where General Rosecranz found the Confederates under General Floyd, who retreated to Gauley river, Long marches and counter-marches ensued, in which the Twenty-third suffered severely. The regiment returned to Camp Ewing, on New river, and the winter of 1861-2 was devoted to drill and discipline. In the spring of 1862, Rosecranz advanced to Princeton, On the eighth of May, General Heth attacked and defeated the Northern forces. The Twenty-third fell back to Flat-top mountain, suffering severely from exposure, sickness, and want of healthy food. It subsequently returned to Parkersburgh and took the cars for Washington city. It marched under General McClellan toward Frederick city, from which the Confederates were driven. General McClellan then marched to Middletown, where the battle of South Mountain began, and was succeeded by the great battle of Antietam, which took place September 17, 1862 The Twenty-third participated in both battles. It lost, in wounded and killed, nearly two hundred men, and its colors Were riddled with bullets. In October, the Twenty. third returned to West Virginia. During the campaign of 1862 it marched about six hundred miles. It wintered at the falls of the Great Kanawha, in West Virginia, In 1863 the Twenty-third was quartered, for some time, at Charleston, to watch the operations of General Morgan and the Confederate cavalry. In the spring of 1864 the Twenty-third entered upon an expedition that terminated in a battle at Cloyd Mountain on the ninth of May. The regiment then returned to Staunton, enduring many hardships; thence to Brownsburgh, and thence to Lexington, where another engagement took place. Here the military academy and residence of Governor Letcher were burned against the protests of the officers': of the Twenty-third. The affair at Lynchburgh soon fol. lowed, and the Twenty-third retreated to Liberty ; thence to Salem; thence to Big Sewell mountain, and thence to Charleston, enduring many hardships the entire route, On the tenth of July, 1864, the Twenty-third accompanied the division of General Crooks to Martinsburgh, to- aid in repelling the invasion of General Early. The battle of Snicker's Ferry ensued, and the Twenty-third: being surrounded, cut its way out. The battle of Winchester took place July 24th, and the Twenty-third at one hundred and fifty men and ten officers, and retreated to Martinsburgh. It next participated in the battles of: Berryville, Opequan, North Mountain and Cedar Creek,. in September and October, 1864. It then returned to Cumberland, and to Grafton, where it remained on duty until March, 1865. July 26, 1865, it returned to Camp Taylor, near Cleveland, Ohio, where the men were paid and mustered out. FORTY-SECOND REGIMENT OHIO VOLUNTEER INFANTRY The Forty-second was organized at Camp Chase, ear Columbus, Ohio, in September, October and November, 1861. Colonel James A. Garfield commanded. Ashland county furnished two full companies for the three years' service. The company officers were: HISTORY OF ASHLAND COUNTY, OHIO - 105 COMPANY C. COMMISSIONED OFFICERS. Captain Tully C. Bushnell, resigned October 22, 1862. First Lieutenant J. D. Stubbs, promoted assistant quartermaster and mustered out November 13, 1862. First Lieutenant William N. Starr, promoted captain October 22, 1862. Second Lieutenant John R. Helman, promoted first lieutenant June 11, 1862. James S. Bowlby promoted second lieutenant October 22, 1862, and resigned January 9, 1864. NON-COMMISSIONED OFFICERS. First Sergeant James S. Bowlby. Second Sergeant Reuben D. Kiplinger. Third Sergeant George McCrea. Fourth Sergeant William H. Marteen. Fifth Sergeant Daniel Grosscup. At the promotion of James S. Bowlby to second lieutenant all the sergeants were promoted--Frank Otto to fifth sergeant. First Corporal Benjamin F. Beer. Second Corporal Jacob D. Hilman. Third Corporal John R. Shriver. Fourth Corporal George Lee. Fifth Corporal Andrew J. Snowbarger. Sixth Corporal Albert H. Chambers. Seventh Corporal William B. McBride. Eighth Corporal William S. Brown. PRIVATES. John Ankeny, William L. Aten, James Anderson, John Albright, Earnest Aller, Samuel G. Brown, David W. Brandt, George Burd, Chas Bundy, Israel Border, James A. Beer, George Cassel, W. S. Chamberlain, Royce S. Crial, Edward Clarke, John E. Campbell, Chester Drake, John B. Darrow, James H. Doll, James R. Dinsmore, Horace Dibler, Marcus Deinoss, Daniel Draek, Abraham C. Echer, Zachariah Emery, John P. Ely, Adam Emmons, David Eicker, David B. Elson, Josiah Fike, Daniel Fike, Henry J. Fooney, John Fisher, Lewis Fullington, Jacob Freidline, George Foll, Alpheus A. Hamilton, Henry F. Hettinger, Edmund I. Heiser, Oren I. Howard, Jesse Hines, Jacob Helman, James Hull, Jeremiah Johnson, Samuel Kopp, Jacob Kait, John P. R. Kramer, Levi Kiplinger, William J. Lowerie, Charles G. Martin, John C. Musser, William Mish, James C. McConnell, Adam Maurer, William Maxhammer, Benjamin F. Martin, David Munsdorf, Benjamin F. Nelson, Jacob W. Over, Eli L. Over, Robert Patterson, Joseph Palmer, George Pommy, Thomas H. B. Patterson, Tyler D. Park, Robert Pollock, John Pollock, Herbert Parsons, Aaron Plank, Milton Randall, Peter Rote, William B. Rudd, John Rote, Lewis Rote, Harry Simmons, Robert Smilie, Joseph Swartz, John Shafer, John Sadler, John Sowers, John M. Smalley, John B. Switzer, Samuel Switzer, Isaac Shockey, Rudolph Sutor, Abel D. Smalley, Russel Smith, Edmund P. Smith, Milton Shriver, Jacob Snowbarger, Robert Thompson, Paul Trauger, Andrew Utz, Dennis Vanderhoof, John B. Wiles, Abel D. White, John Wise, Jeremiah Mish. The mortality list is as follows : Died in hospital, John B. Darrow, James Doll, Abraham C. Ecker, Daniel Fike, John M. Smalley, James A. Beer, Lewis Fullington, Israel Border, Milton Shriver, Aaron Plank, Russel Smith, in Sullivan, John Albright; Abel D. Smalley, killed May 1, 1863; Earnest Aller, killed May 16, 1864; David Munsdorf, killed December 29, 1862; Jacob Friedline, Adam Emmons, Rudolph Suter, Isaac Shockey, Samuel Switzer, David Eicker, William J. Lowerie, Peter Rote, George Foll, died in hospital. The company was mustered into the service at Camp Chase, Columbus, Ohio, September 25, 1861, and discharged at the same camp, September 30, 1864, COMPANY H, FORTY-SECOND REGIMENT. This company rendezvoused at Camp Chase, Columbus, Ohio, November 27, 1861, and was mustered into the United States service for three years. The following are the commissioned and non-commissioned officers and privates of said company, as enrolled : COMMISSIONED OFFICERS. Captain Seth M. Barber, resigned June 11, 1862, and transferred to Veteran Reserve corps, March 6, 1864. Captain John R. Helman, transferred from company C, and promoted captain, June 3, 1864. First Lieutenant William S. Spencer, resigned June 5, 1862. First Lieutenant Peter Miller, transferred to company H, and promoted first lieutenant, January 22, 1864. First Lieutenant Charles B. Howk, promoted first lieutenant, November 26, 1862; resigned October 23, 1863. Second Lieutenant Edwin C. Leach, resigned June 5, 1862. Second Lieutenant John F. Robinson, assigned to company H November 25, 1862, and transferred and promoted major Third infantry, June 6, 1863. Second Lieutenant Charles B. Howk, promoted first lieutenant. NON-COMMISSIONED OFFICERS. First Sergeant John F. Robinson. Second Sergeant Charles B. Howk. Third Sergeant George B. Masters. Fourth Sergeant LeGrand Blown. Fifth Sergeant Joseph D. Moody. First Corporal George Mitchelson. Second Corporal William H. Mason. Third Corporal Thomas B. White. Fourth Corporal John Griffith. Fifth Corporal H. J. Bowman. Sixth Corporal Henry O. Biggs. Seventh Corporal Charles Wickham. Eighth Corporal Alvin I. Stanley. Drummer A. G. Case. Fifer W. A. Smith. Wagoner Arthur Leach. PRIVATES. David Buffrime, John Buckley, Elisha Beggs, Andrew J. Burns, Wm. J. Buchan, Jacob Buzzard, Henry Burton, Henry Burge, Solomon Barrick, Jacob Barrick, Frederick Byers, William Chambers, Byron D. Clugston, James F. Crawford, Charles Crozier, James L. Chapman, Robert M. Cellers, Christian Dell, John Davidson, William Davidson, James A. Darrow, Elmore Evans, Luther M. Fast, William B. Fasig, Franklin A. Ford, George Full, Jacob Griffith, David Garver, Jacob Hines, James O. Humphrey, Nelson S. Hendryx, Austin Hayes, Adam Innis, David Kiplinger, D. E. Long, Frederick Long, Andrew McComb, William Maxhammer, Jacob Newcomer, David Onstott, William Robinson, George Peters, George W. Ryall, Hiram Raker, George M. Reed, George Riggs, Peter Royer, Tobias Spiker, David Schroll, Joseph B. F. Sampsell, jr., William Sloan, James B. Smith, John D. Schumaker, Joseph Spencer, William Swineford, Elisha Starkweather, George Taylor, Lewis Taylor, George Vanostrand, John Wells, John Warren, Richard P. Wooehouse, Eli Westenbarger, Reuben Wall, Philip Youngblood. 'Fhe following is the mortality list as derived from the company rolls: James Crawford, died in hospital; Christian Dell, in hospital; Jacob Hines, in hospital; Adam Innis, in hospital; David E. Long, at home; Andrew McComb, at home; George N. Ryall, of wounds received in battle; Elisha Starkweather, in hospital; Tobias Spiker, at home; Charles D. Towslee, in hospital; George Vanostrand, at home; Jacob Griffith, in hospital This company was mustered out at Camp Chase, Columbus, Ohio, December 2, 1864. In an engagement near Memphis, Tennessee, Captain Seth M, Barber had the misfortune to be wounded in the foot, which subsequently required amputation, and was the occasion of his resignation, and subsequent assignment to the Veteran Reserve corps. THE FORTY-SECOND REGIMENT. General Garfield appointed Peter B. Johnson, of Ashland, then over sixty years of age, train master. He served three years in Virginia, Kentucky, and. Tennessee, and was honorably discharged. In December, 1861, the Forty-second was ordered to Kentucky. In January, 1862, it arrived near Paint- 106 - HISTORY OF ASHLAND COUNTY, OHIO. ville, and on the eighth marched under Lieutenant Colonel Sheldon to the fortified position of General Humphrey Marshall, and found the works evacuated and provisions carried away or destroyed. Colonel Garfield followed Marshall, and on the ninth the battle of Middle Creek took place, and Marshall again retreated and burned his stores. The Forty-second returned and passed up the Big Sandy and took possession of Pound Gap. The campaign was disastrous to the volunteers of the Forty-second, eighty-five of whom died through exposure and disease. In March the Forty-second was ordered to Louisville, where it was attached to the brigade of General George W. Morgan, and moved by rail to Lexington, and from thence marched to Cumberland Ford, with only three hundred and fourteen men fit for duty. In June it marched to the rear of Cumberland Gap, amid continued skirmishing, On the fifth of August, the Forty-second engaged and held back the advance of General Kirby Smith. General Morgan, after consultation, finally evacuated the Gap and fell back to, and crossed, the Ohio river at Greensburgh. The retreat was very rapid, and the men suffered severely for the want of clothing, proper food and rest. In the month of November, Morgan's brigade passed down to Memphis, Tennessee. In December, the Forty-second was ordered to the Yazoo, and led the advance against Vicksburgh. For three days the regiment held its position in line, when the army was compelled to retire. In January, 1863, the forces proceeded to White River, and thence to Arkansas Post, and captured Fort Hindman with seven thousand prisoners, all the guns, small arms and stores, The Forty-second then returned to the rear of Vicksburgh. In the engagements which followed, the regiment sustained heavy loss. After the surrender of Vicksburgh the Forty-second marched to Jackson, and participated in its capture, and then entered the Department of the Gulf, It remained at Thebodeaux during the winter of 1864, and in the spring went on an expedition to Clinton, Louisiana, where it participated in a severe engagement. It was also in several other small expeditions, and returned to Camp Chase where it was mustered out September 3o, 1864. The Forty-second was engaged in eleven battles, in which it lost one officer and twenty men killed, and eighteen officers and three hundred and twenty-five men wounded. Its tattered banners show hard service. SIXTY-FIFTH REGIMENT, OHIO VOLUNTEER INFANTRY. The Sixty-fifth was a part of the brigade raised at Mansfield by Hon. John Sherman, and organized at Camp Buckingham, and mustered into service December 1, 186r. Its term of service was three years. The regiment was commanded by Colonel Charles G. Harker. Part of a company from Ashland county entered the Sixty-fifth under the following officers: COMMISSIONED OFFICERS. Captain Orlow Smith. First Lieutenant Charles Gregg. Second Lieutenant Charles 0. Tannehill. NON-COMMISSIONED OFFICERS. First Sergeant Dolson Vankirk. Second Sergeant Nelson Smith. Third Sergeant Hamilton C. Oldroyd. Fourth Sergeant John C. Zollinger. Fifth Sergeant W. H. H. J. Gorham. First Corporal R. A. Chapel. Second Corporal Brewer Smith. Third Corporal George W. Gordon. Fourth Corporal Augustus Reimlin. Fifth Corporal Joseph Crow. Sixth Corporal H. C. Jennings. Seventh Corporal Ezekial Moore. Eighth Corporal John Mellony. PRIVATES. Samuel Alderge, James Anderson, James Atlerholt, Adam Apple, John Boyd, Daniel Black, Jacob Biehamme, John Brown, C. F. E. Blaich, John Cobon, Peter Clemmens, Robert Cross, Daniel Carmack, William Clark, Charles Carpenter, Martin Casey, George W. Curtis, C. W. Curtis, E. Drumheller, William Donelson, David Drumheller, James Delano, A. Eminger, Oliver Evans, John E. Earnest, Lewis Eckhart, Isaac Fisher, Jacob Tiks, Joseph Fellman, J. G. Gorham, Daniel Gregory, Jacob Garsht, David Grubaugh, John Guidman, Theodore Geisey, Harrison Hazen, C. C. Hess, David Hoff, Samuel Huber, Horace Heliker, Robert Heliker, Calvin Jordan, S. Johnson, Clark Jordan, Harrison Johnson, William Kolhorst, Jasper Karns, Frederick Koegele, Henry Lyon, Lewis Lauhaugh, Henry Leidkie, George McClellan, James Mitchell, John McGuire, Andrew Mumper, George McKinley, James Murtz, John Murphy, John Murts, A Markham, Michael Nash, John V. Nicholai, James Nolan, Jesse Potter, George W. Philo, John S. Pennill, E. S. Russell, James Swassick, Peter Sharp, William B. Sturdevant, Reuben Sigler, Clinton Strine, Lewis K. Sheehand, John Sullivan, Peter Seiner, J. C. Weedemier, William Walsh. Company G was mustered into the United States service at Camp Buckingham, Mansfield, Ohio, November 25, 1865, and discharged at Victoria, Texas, November 3o, 1865. The mortality list was not included in the roll, and, hence, cannot appear here. It is certain, however, that the company performed arduous duty in the far South, and was considerably diminished by disease and death before its discharge. THE SIXTY-FIFTH REGIMENT. Captain Orlow Smith was promoted to lieutenant colonel, October r 0, 1865, and to colonel, November 24, 1865. The Sixty-fifth was employed some months, in 1862, in Kentucky, repairing and guarding roads, and then marched into Tennessee to Columbia, and thence to Savannah, Georgia, and from thence to Pittsburgh Landing, and participated in that battle. It next moved to Corinth, and was at the siege, and returned to Louisville, Kentucky. It was ordered to march toward Stone River, and was in the battle of December 29, 1862. In June, 1863, it was ordered to Chattanooga, and participated in that battle. The Sixty-fifth passed on to Mission Ridge, and took part in that engagement. Then came the Atlanta campaign—the affair at Lookout Mountain, Resaca, Dallas, Marietta, Kenesaw, Peachtree Creek, and Jonesborough, in which the Sixty-fifth took a part. On the twenty-ninth of November, it was in the battle of Springfield; on the thirtieth, in the battle of Franklin, and afterwards, in the battle of Nashville. In June, 1865, the regiment was ordered to Texas, and remained at San Antonio until December, and was ordered to HISTORY OF ASHLAND COUNTY, OHIO - 107 Camp Chase; Ohio, where it was mustered out January 2, 1866. The Sixty-fifth came out of the service scarred veterans. THE EIGHTY-SECOND REGIMENT, OHIO VOLUNTEER INFANTRY, The Eighty-Second was recruited in Ashland, Logan, Marion, Union and Richland counties, for three years. It was commanded by Colonel James Cantwell, who was killed in the second battle of Manassas. The regiment was mustered into service December 31, 1861, and contained nine hundred and sixty-eight men. Ashland county had one company, K. Its officers were : COMMISSIONED OFFICERS. Captain David S. Sampsell, resigned July 39, 1862. Captain Francis S. Jacobs, resigned. First Lieutenant John-S. Fulton, died April 30, 1862. First Lieutenant Francis S. Jacobs, promoted to captain. First Lieutenant John A. McClusky, resigned. First Lieutenant James J. Beer, killed May 3, 1863. First Lieutenant Warren Wasson, resigned. First Lieutenant George W. Youngblood, mustered out. Second Lieutenant Francis S. Jacobs, promoted first lieutenant. Second Lieutenant James J. Beer, promoted first lieutenant. Second Lieutenant Warren Wasson, promoted first lieutenant. Second Lieutenant GeorgeW.Youngblood, promoted first lieutenant. NON-COMMISSIONED OFFICERS. First Sergeant James J. Beer. Second Sergeant William W. Brown. Third Sergeant John A. McClusky. Fourth Sergeant Alonzo Mingus. Fifth Sergeant James I. Nelson. First Corporal James Campbell. Second Corporal James N. Chandler. Third Corporal Albert Hines. Fourth Corporal George H. McNabb. Fifth Corporal William Moore. Sixth Corporal Thomas Hallam. Seventh Corporal John A. Arnold. Eighth Corporal Thomas K. Jacobs. PRIVATES. John Aten, Henry M. Brown, William H. Bush, Edward Bulcher, Henry Bushaw, John Bonebright, Reuben Blue, George Buchanan, David Colerman, Sigman Crabell, Dennis Dove, Charles Deatrick, Abner Ewing, W. A. G. Emerson, Charles F. Engle, John F. Fennell, Richard Frankhauser, Samuel Framer, Harmon Fulton, Franklin Fisk, Otis Friend, John Y. Greenlee, Philip Helwigg, John Houston, George Hibberts, Adolphus Huickle, A. Johnson, Edward Justice, William Knight, John C. Koutzman, Hiram Lockhart, James Lafferty, Daniel Lile, Joseph Low, William C. Layton, Charles Merling, Philip Martin, Joseph Maize, Elias Marshall, Wilson Motter, Cyrus Markley, James Mushland, Franklin Myers, Hankey Priest, Leroy Park, James C. Pittinger, John W. Powers, William H. Russell, Samuel Reuben, Albert Rose, Daniel Septa], George Shultz, Lorin S. Saner, Warren J. Sales, Isaiah Spitler, F. J. Studebaker, Peter Topper, Isaac Thralekill, Charles Tucker, D. H. 'Toff, Warren H. Wasson, Grafton White, Alanson Walker, John Williams, John Walters, William Weygandt, Washington Weygandt, Washington Wineland, William Woods, Jesse Vanosdall, Gutelius I. Yearick, Jacob Zapp. Company K was mustered out at Louisville, Kentucky, July 24, 1865. We are unable to make out the mortality list from the roll; but by reference to the regimental service, which follows, it will be seen that company K performed arduous duty, and that its ranks were greatly thinned by disease and the casualties of war. THE EIGHTY-SECOND REGIMENT. In January, 1862, the Eighty-second was ordered from Kenton, Ohio, its place, of rendezvous, to West Virginia, and went into camp near the village of Fetterman, for instruction and drill. In the spring the regiment, in the brigade of General Robert Schenck, was sent to various points in pursuit of guerillas, after which it was ordered to go to the aid of General Milroy, near McDowell. The Confederate forces were attacked by Generals Schenck and Milroy near Bull Pasture mountain, and compelled them to retreat. The Eighty-second then joined General John C. Fremont, and passed by rapid marches through Petersburgh, when the battle of Strasburgh occurred, and the enemy again retreated under Stonewall Jackson. The column passed on to Cross Keys, where a running fight ensued, and Jackson crossed the Shenandoah, destroying the bridge and marched leisurely away, having scattered the forces of General Shields. The tardiness of Fremont in the pursuit of Jackson, practically ended his military career. Severe campaigning followed. The troops returned to Middletown, and General Siegel took command of the division. The Eighty-second was transferred to an independent brigade, commanded by General Milroy. On the seventh of August Siegel's corps moved to Culpeper; and on the ninth toward Cedar Mountain, where a battle was going on. Milroy moved to the front to relieve exhausted troops; and on the night of the tenth, the enemy retreated, The Eighty-second destroyed Waterloo Bridge, and skirmished continually for ten days. The second battle of Manassas took place, and Colonel Cantwell, in leading a charge, was killed. The Eighty-second was much exposed and suffered severely in the battle, The National forces were finally compelled to withdraw to Centerville. In September the Eighty-second moved to Fort de Kalb, Siegel's headquarters, On the twenty-fifth it advanced to Fairfax Court House, and the campaign closed with the attempt to capture the heights of Fredericksburgh. The Eighty-second was transported to the division of General Schurz, and by him designated as a battalion of sharpshooters, In April, 1863, the Eleventh corps moved on the Chancellorsville campaign, crossing the Rappahannock, at Kelley's Ford, and the Rapidan, at Ely's Mills; and on the thirtieth arrived within three miles of the battle ground. The battle opened May 2nd, and the Eighty-second and others deployed with fixed bayonets, and fell back to the rifle-pits. The Eighty-second held its position; but regiment after regiment was pressed back under the terrible charge of the forces of Stonewall Jackson, and it finally fell back. It took a new position, having but one hundred and thirty-four men with the colors, Here Captain James J. Beer, a gallant young officer from Ashland county, fell. After the battle, the remaining members of the Eighty-second returned to its old camp near Stafford. In June, the Gettysburgh campaign commenced. The Eighty-second participated in that arduous campaign. It was ordered to move over the plain to assail, with its brigade, the Confederate works. In the attempt it lost twenty of' its remaining men. The gaps were promptly filled, and the Eighty- second advanced within seventy-five yards of the Confederate lines. It went into the battle with twenty-two commissioned officers, and two hundred and thirty-six privates, and of these, nineteen officers and one hundred 108 - HISTORY OF ASHLAND COUNTY, OHIO. and forty-seven men were killed, wounded, or captured. The balance of the regiment brought the colors, tattered and torn by shot and shell, safely from the field. After the retreat of the Confederate forces, the Eighty-second performed patrol duty at Catlet's station, It was then attached to the army of the Cumberland, and was in the battle of Mission Ridge. Then came a defeat and a retrograde movement to Knoxville. General Longstreet, of the Confederate army, retreated on the approach of the Northern forces. The ranks of the Eighty-second were so thinned by disease and battle that when General Sherman reached Goldshorough it was consolidated with the Sixty-first Ohio. These regiments continued with Sherman until his army reached Washington city, by way of Richmond and Alexandria, on the nineteenth of May, 1865; and then proceeded by rail to Louisville, Kentucky, and on the twenty-fifth of July returned to Camp Chase, Ohio, where it was paid and discharged on the twenty-ninth. No regiment in modern times performed more arduous duty than the Eighty-second. Very few of its young heroes survived the horrors of the battle field and returned to the family circle. EIGHTY-SEVENTH REGIMENT, OHIO VOLUNTEER INFANTRY. This regiment rendezvoused at Camp Chase, Columbus, Ohio, in June, 1862, and was a three months' organization. It was under the command of Colonel Henry B. Banning, of Mount Vernon. The organization of the regiment was completed by the twelfth of June, 1862, at which time it was ordered to repair to Baltimore, Mary. land, and report to Major General Wool, commander of that post. It arrived in Baltimore on the fifteenth of June, and was assigned to a camp north of the city, where it was drilled some weeks by Colonel Banning. COMPANY B. COMMISSIONED OFFICERS. Captain Henry H. Otis. First Lieutenant William H. Johnston. Second Lieutenant James A. Landis. NON-COMMISSIONED OFFICERS. First Sergeant W. J. Terrell. Second Sergeant Dwight L. Wilber. Third Sergeant John B. Smith. Fourth Sergeant David Barnhisel. Fifth Sergeant William W. Gibson. First Corporal Adam J. Snook. Second Corporal Charles D. Graham. Third Corporal Anson H. Fast. Fourth Corporal Oscar Crall. Fifth Corporal Porter Stevens. Sixth Corporal Crustus E. Fast. Seventh Corporal George A. Bemis. Eighth Corporal John Sleigh. Musician Charles M. Steer. Musician Fernando S. Pond. PRIVATES. Charles Archibald, Edward H. Alder, Harrison W. Atwood, James Blair, Ralph K. Beebe, Richard H. Bear, Abel Bailey, Michael C. Bronsch, James Buell, Herbert T. Bushnell, Edwin Bryant, Edward Bensinger, James M. Baughman, Ira R. Baldwin, Irwin W. Carpenter, William W. Calhoun, Isaac W. Cressinger, Newton Chalker, William H. Chalker, Orville Campbell, Perry D. Coner, William W. Callahan, William Decker, George H. Dulin, Bela D. Dudley, Jasper Dalton, James K. Elder, Henry M. Eells, James Elliott, Henry A. Frarey, Richard Gailey, Elbert Gillett, Hezekiah S. Griffiths, Norman Gilbert, John W. Grant, Ezra Greiselman, William H. Herrick, Albert Hamilton, Henry Hallbock, Elisha Halsted, James T. Hazard, James T. Hervey, William A. Holmes, Henry S. Humphrey, Henry S. His- key, Henry L. King, Manuel G. Kanauss, Morgan Langley, Joseph Lockhart, James Mathews, William D. Mathews, Charles McCluskey, Smith A. Marvin, James S. McClain, James P. Moore, Robert K. Moore, Burwell Neff, Henry Nemming, Upton Newman, Thomas B. Onstott, Oscar Patch, Alexander Pruden, David Pyle, Thomas L. Phillips, Luther S. Pilgrim, Henry A. Pilgrim, Henry Roberts, Harrison Robison, Everel S. Smith, William T. Sweet, John Saddler, Levi Shultz, Augustus W: Springer, Edward Sither, Scarett J. Terrell, Samuel Utz, Samuel A. Wierman, Robert L. Wilson, Samuel White, Henry C. Webster, Aaron Walters, Addison Walcott, Henry B. Wier, Willis W. Woodruff. In the latter part of July, 1862, the Eighty-seventh received orders to report to Colonel Miles at Harper's Ferry. It was stationed on Boliver Heights, and subjected to rigid drill. It remained there until the siege of the Ferry by "Stonewall" Jackson, and at the surrender was included with the National forces. The various companies were subsequently released from their paroles, and were mustered out at Delaware, Ohio, on the twentieth of September, 1862. The muster out roll fails to detail the casualties of company B. THE ONE HUNDRED AND SECOND REGIMENT, OHIO VOLUNTEER INFANTRY, The One Hundred and Second enlisted under the call of July t, 1862, for three hundred thousand men. It was recruited from Ashland, Holmes, Richland and Wayne counties, and was commanded by Colonel William Given. It was organized at Camp Mansfield, on the eighteenth of August, 1862. Ashland county furnished two full companies. The officers were: COMPANY B. COMMISSIONED OFFICERS. Captain John McNaull, resigned December 20, 1862. First Lieutenant Joseph R. Folwell, promoted captain December 20, 1862, and discharged. First Lieutenant William A. Beer, of Company K, promoted captain in 1864. Second Lieutenant Holiday Ames, promoted first lieutenant December 20, 1862. Second Lieutenant John T. Robert, promoted second lieutenant December 20, 1862. NON-COMMISSIONED OFFICERS. First Sergeant William H. White. Second Sergeant Oscar Swineford. Third Sergeant Samuel R. Smith. Fourth Sergeant William Green. Fifth Sergeant David Carr. First Corporal Reuben Richards. Second Corporal R. H. Ridgely. Third Corporal William Langden. Fourth Corporal Hiram A. Kellogg. Fifth Corporal Henry Krebbs. Sixth Corporal John McCun. Seventh Corporal Dilman Newman. Eighth Corporal H. C. Buffenyer. Drummer B. F. Ridgely. Wagoner George Lundy. PRIVATES. Henry Albright, Livingston Anderson, John Brown, John H. Bender, Joseph Biggs, Stephen Boyd, Adam Bahn, Franklin Bailey, Henry A. Bailey, John W. Brubaker, Porter Craig, James W. Crone, David M. Ecker, Nathaniel Eddy, William Fasig, Daniel Fisher, Daniel Fisher, jr., William H. Fisher, Henry France, Michael Fleaharty, John Grosh, George Goudy, Gancin Hall, Jacob Hilderbrand, jr., John W. House, Samuel Hamer, Edmund Hough, Isaac Hough, Lewis Hough, James HISTORY OF ASHLAND COUNTY, OHIO - 109 B. Hull, George Hull, David Hamilton, John Hartsell, John F. Kailaver, Theodore Kiser, * Samuel Kyle, Christian Keener, Pollis D. Lacey, Joseph Lucas, Alexander McKinney, Jacob McCauley, James McCready, Andrew J. Michle, Franklin Mish, James M. Mercer, Madison Mercer, Levi M. Mercer, William Martin, William Maxwell, Albert l'ittinger, William Pittinger, Silas Potter, David Pryor, Alexander Ritchy, Jeremiah Smith, Peter Smith, Henry Saner, John Smith, Samuel Staker, John M. Scott, Harrison Spafford, Henry Swaisgood, William Swaisgood, John Sulcer, Joseph Smutz, Samuel Scruly, Alfred M. Sheets, Solomon Sheets, Daniel Smalley, Paul Sherradden, Benjamin F. Shrock, James W. Wells, Johnston Winters, Matthew Woods, John Wycoff, Asa Webster, Ephraim Whissamore, Abraham Whissamore, Charles Whingate John Wagoner, and Joseph Wells. Company B was enlisted in Ashland county for three years, by Captain John McNaull.* It went into Camp Mansfield August 20, 1862, and was armed with Austrian rifles on the third of September, and, on the fourth, left camp by rail for Cincinnati, and crossed the Ohio river and arrived at Covington, Kentucky, and on the sixth was mustered into the United States service by Captain P. H. Bresslin. It served three years, and was discharged at Columbus, Ohio, July 8, 1865. The mortality list, so far as we are able to gather from the rolls, is as follows: Stephen Boyd, David M. Ecker, William Faher, Edmund Hough, Lewis Hough, William Maxwell, Jeremiah Smith. COMPANY K. COMMISSIONED OFFICERS. Captain John M. Sloan. First Lieutenant William A. Beer. Second Lieutenant Jerome Potter. NON-COMMISSIONED OFFICERS. First Sergeant Daniel W. Kagey. Second Sergeant George McConnell. Third Sergeant Andrew Proudfit. Fourth Sergeant Joel Berry. Fifth Sergeant William A. Fast. First Corporal Robert W. Alberson, Second Corporal Michael H. Sprinkle. Third Corporal David R. Crantz. Fourth Corporal Edmund D. Stentz. Fifth Corporal Wilson A. Fast. Sixth Corporal Watson W. Anderson. Seventh Corporal James M. Campbell. Eighth Corporal William Molter. Musicians Chandler Powers and C. A. Wilcox. Wagoner Jacob Stoner. PRIVATES. William A. Barker, John Barker, Joseph B. Bechtell, William Beck, Isaac Boyer, George M. Bowlby, Daniel Braden, Henry Bradley, John F. Bryan, Elijah Bullard, Caleb Budd, Henry Bunt, George B. Carney, John Cassel, Anderson N. Cook, Elias Cyle, John Dall, Thomas Donley, Alexander Dunlap, Jacob Ely, Isaac Fast, James B. Gibson, Andrew Gorden, Isaac Grubaugh, JohU F. Hartman, Jacob Holtzman, Josiah Hoover, John F. Imhoff, Charles Kanauss, John F. Kauffman, Samuel Kerstetter, David Kiplinger, Lorenzo Keller, Jacob Kissel, Luther N. Lane, Oliver Lee, James Lee, Reuben Leidigh, Abraham Lutz, Aretus Marsh, James H. McKee, Aaron Mitchell, John Molter, Charles Molter, Jacob Moore, Hugh Murray, Peter S. Myers, John D. Myers, Henry Myers, Elmore Y. Norris, Charles E. Ogden, Solomon Philips, Calvin C. Rice, Wesley Reddick, Henry Robinson, John Romine, Benjamin F. Ross, Frederick Rockenfelder, Peter Rutan, John Sattler, George Sattler, Samuel Signs, William Silance, Jeremiah Singer, Josiah A. Shultz, Annias Shultz, Josiah * NOTE.—When Captain John McNaull resigned, First Lieutenant John R. Falwell was promoted to be captain. Upon his resignation, some four months prior to the close of the enlistment, in 1865, Captain Anderson Beer, of company K, was transferred, and took command of company B. Davilia Bender, second sergeant of company B, was discharged for disability December no, 1862. Shultz, Joseph N. Shaver, Amos Sprinkle, Henry Starrett, Abraham Stayman, George Steinmetz, Joseph Stofer, John Tracey, George G. Topping, John Vanosdall, Simon B. Vanosdall, James Walker, John Walker, John Wolf, Joseph Wolf, Benjamin F. Yonk, Samuel Youngblood. Company K was mustered out at Nashville, Tennessee, June 30, 1865. The mortality list as gathered from the rolls is as follows: Daniel W. Kagey, died of small pox; Andrew Proudfit, died a Bowling Green; David R. Crantz, died at Nashville; Anderson Watson, died at Jefferson barracks; Joseph B.. Bechtell, died at Vicksburgh; William Beck, died at Tullahoma; George W. Bowlby, died at Bowlrng Green; Caleb Budd, died at Nashville; John Cassel, lost on Sultana; Jacob Ely, died at Huntsville; James B. Gibson, died at Huntsville; Andrew Gordon, died at Nashville; Isaac Grubaugh, died at Clarksville; John F. Hartman, lost on Sultana; Jacob Holtzman, died at Russelville; John Imhoff, died at Bowling Green; Reuben Leidigh, lost on Sultana; Aretus Marsh, died at Clarksville; Elmore Y. Norris, died at Andersonville; Charles E. Ogden, lost on Sultana; John Romine, died at Andersonville; Frederick Rockenfelder, died at Nashville; John Sattler, died at Clarksville; Jeremiah Singer, lost on Sultana; Annias Shultz, died at Bowling Green; George Steinetz, lost on Sultana; Simon Vanosdall, died at Andersonville; Samuel Youngblood, died at Clarksville; Henry W. Bunt, died at Bowling Green. THE ONE HUNDRED AND SECOND REGIMENT. The One Hundred and Second was ordered to Kentucky, and mustered into service at Covington, September 6, 1862, It was ordered to Louisville, and went into the trenches to defend that city. In October, it marched to Shelbyville, Franklin, and Perryville, and thence to Crab Orchard ; thence to Bowling Green. From thence it was ordered to Clarksville, Tennessee, for drill and camp duty. In September, 1863, it returned to Shelbyville, to aid in repelling the invasion of General Wheeler, of the Confederate army. It returned to Nashville, and went into winter quarters. In April, 1864, the One Hundred and Second marched to Tullahoma, and thence to Bellefonte, Alabama. Here it was ordered to patrol the Tennessee river, from Stevenson to Seven Mile island, a distance of fifty miles. On this line it erected twelve block-houses and one fort. The regiment was frequently assailed by guerillas, and suffered considerably from exposure and sickness. Shortly after the completion of its fort and other works, General Forrest, of the Confederate army, made a dash upon the One Hundred and Second with his cavalry, and captured a portion of its men under Colonel Elliott, near Athens, after a severe fight. Six months afterward the prisoners were paroled, and placed on board the ill-fated Sultana, at Vicksburgh, and eighty-one men of the One Hundred and Second were lost, On the twenty-fourth of October, General Hood, of the Confederate forces, attacked the garrison at Decatur, Alabama, in which the remaining companies of the One Hundred and Second were on duty, and were conspicuous in the fight. After the evacuation of Decatur, the One Hundred and Second continued in active duty in Tennessee until June 30, 1865, when it was mustered out at Nashville ; returned to Camp Chase, Ohio, and was paid and discharged July 8, 1865. The regiment was noted for its prompt obedience of orders, and gallantry in the face of the enemy. 110 - HISTORY OF ASHLAND COUNTY, OHIO. THE ONE HUNDRED AND TWENTIETH REGIMENT, OHIO VOLUNTEER INFANTRY. This regiment was organized at Camp Mansfield, under the call for three hundred thousand men, in August, 1862. The regiment was recruited from Ashland, Holmes, Richland, and Wayne counties, and contained nine hundred and forty-nine men. It was commanded by Colonel Daniel French. Ashland county furnished two full companies. COMPANY C. COMMISSIONED OFFICERS. Captain John F. McKinley. First Lieutenant Thomas Armstrong. Second Lieutenant William Harvey. NON-COMMISSIONED OFFICERS. First Sergeant William Hughes. Second Sergeant Robert F. Wallace. Third Sergeant Samuel Harlan. Fourlh Sergeant James Gillis. Fifth Sergeant David Hunt. First Corporal William J. Hunter. Second Corporal George Guinther. Third Corporal Samuel Budd. Fourth Corporal Henry Sweringen. Fifth Corporal Joseph Seibert. Sixth Corporal Henry B. Davis. Seventh Corporal William J. McCreary. Musicians John Reading and William Robinson. Wagoner John P. Woodhull. PRIVATES. William S. Anderson, William Buzzard, Joseph Byerly, Eli Bell, William Budd, John E. Buckley, Aaron Buckley, Jonathan Black, Riley Black, Michael Bitner, Crawford Byers, John L. Beard, Gibson Craig, John M. Crabb, John W. Cole, George B. Cole, John Cole, John Casey, William Cipher, Thomas C. Coke, Silas Cotter, Samuel Christine, Stephen Davis, Marion Dalton, Amos M. Ely, John Eberhart, John France, Harrison Fisher, John Gray, William L. Gray, Henry B. Grindle, Anthony L. Gettle, Daniel Henney, John A. Henney, Lester L. Haxen, John S. Hankins, Christopher C. Huber, Henry Harpster, Franklin Hayes, William Harman, Jacob Houker, James Jarvis, Amasa Jones, James Latimer, Abner Marshall, Archibald Marshall, Lewis W. Miller, Wilton McCreary, Franklin McMaster, Henry McClay, James F. McClure, John S. Petty, Joseph Risser, John J. Rodenheber, DavidRhodes, Henry Rhodes, Thomas C. Stevens,. John C. Scott, William S. Shambaugh, Alonzo Shambaugh, Henry Shambaugh, Daniel Stauffer, Alonzo M. Stearnes, Marion Sigler, Jared Sigler, Thomas J. Spade, Jonathan C. Terrence, John Tanney, Thomas C. ____ Tanney, William Vangilder, Sernin Whitamore, William Wilson, James Wilson, Samuel Weerick, Elliott Winters, Lucius Weatherbee, Jackson Weatherbee. Company C rendezvoused at Camp Mansfield, and was mustered into the United States service on the seventeenth of October, 1862, for three years. It is impossible to gather from the original rolls of the organization, the mortality that attended company C, which was undoubtedly very large. COMPANY F. COMMISSIONED OFFICERS. Captain Henry Buck, resigned February 15, 1863. First Lieutenant Robert M. Zuver, resigned June 14, 1863. Second Lieutenant John Sloan, promoted captain February 20, 1863. NON-COMMISSIONED OFFICERS. First Sergeant Elias Framfelter, promoted First Lieutenant Match 15, 1863. Second Sergeant Henry Berry. Third Sergeant John Ambrose. Fourth Sergeant Peter Heckert. Fifth Sergeant Charles H. Dorland. First Corporal David George. Second Corporal David Crumrine. Third Corporal Franklin Emery, Fourth Corporal Daniel Lair. Fifth Corporal David Pollock. Sixth Corporal John Switzer. Seventh Corporal Samuel Sloan. Eighth Corporal Andrew Nunemaker. Musician John Herbrand. Musician Arthur Coffin. Wagoner Franklin Welch. PRIVATES. Emanuel Albright, Leonard Burkholder, Richard Biggs, William Brown, John Brindle, Jacob Black, Richard Barr, Andrew Clinger, Israel Crull, Henry Delaney, William Dow, Frederick Elsor, Samuel Freeman, Michael France, Thomas Gribben, Martin Gardner, John Gable, George Gast, Solomon Houser, Aaron Hilyard, Jonathan Holmes, William Hettinger, Robert J. Harris, William Hildebrand, Isaac Judd, John Heiffner, Emanuel Lutz, Jacob W. Myers, William Myers, Benjamin Myers, George H. Mentor, Adam Mish, Daniel Mohler, John W. Millington, James McCaleb, Samuel McCullough, James McClain, William P. Martin, John Maxwell, Charles Nixon, Henry Over, John Palmer, Cyrus l'lank, Morgan Rhees, James Rich. ard, Francis Reckard, George Reckard, William Rickel, Peter P. Rickel, George W. Saltzman, William Stametz, John W. Smalley, Thomas H. Sloan, Henry Stauffer, Alfred Sturges, George Shriner, Thomas H. Smith, Richard Smilie, John Spigle, Albert Thompson, Joseph P. VanNest, Marion Vanoonam, Frederick Wagoner, Hugh Weaver, George W. Weitman, Abraham Yearick, Isaac Yearick, Edward Zartman. The mortality list for company F is as follows : Charles H. Dorland, died at St. Louis; David Crumrine, died in hospital; Daniel Lair, at Keokuk, William Brown, killed in Arkansas; John Brindle, killed in Mississippi; Israel Crull, died at Nashville; William Dow, died in Louisiana; Samuel Freeman, died in Arkansas; Martin Gardner, died at St. Louis; John Gable, died in Louisiana; William Hettinger, died in Louisiana; Emanuel Lutz, died in Louisiana; William P. Martin, died at St. Louis; Morgan Rheese, died in hospital; William Stametz, died in Louisiana; John W. Smalley, died at St. Louis; Thomas H. Sloan, died in Louisiana; Marion Vanoonam, died in Louisiana; George W. Weitman, died in Louisiana. Company F was mustered into the United States service at Camp Mansfield, October 14, 1862, and on the twenty-fifth departed by rail for Covington, Kentucky, where it arrived on the twenty-sixth. The meanderings of the Twelfth will exhibit the history of its companies. THE ONE HUNDRED AND TWENTIETH REGIMENT. At the organization of the One Hundred and Twentieth, Lieutenant Willard Slocum acted as adjutant, and was promoted to major February 18, 1863, and lieutenant colonel September 8, 1863, and brevetted after the close of the war, Captain John McKinley was promoted to major September 8, 1863, and transferred to the One Hundred and Fourteenth Ohio volunteer infantry, when he was promoted to lieutenant colonel and mustered out. The One Hundred and Twentieth reported to General Wright at Cincinnati, on the twenty-fifth of October, 1862; for duty, and crossed to Covington; Kentucky. In November it was ordered to Memphis, Tennessee, where it entered the brigade of General George W. Morgan, and moved to the mouth of the Yazoo river, and thence to Johnson's landing to attack the fortifications defending Vicksburgh. The attack commenced on the twenty- sixth, the One Hundred and Twentieth participating. It was actively engaged during the siege, and suffered severely in consequence of malaria and exposure. The regiment was ordered to Arkansas Post in January, 1863, When Fort Hindman had been surrounded, the One Hundred and Twentieth made a direct charge upon the HISTORY OF ASHLAND COUNTY, OHIO - 111 works—the enemy displayed a white flag and surrendered—the One Hundred and Twentieth having the honor of first entering the fort, as Sergeant Robert Wallace scaled the parapet and planted the colors, for which he was promoted to first lieutenant. The regiment returned to Young's Point, where it suffered severely from malarious fever for nearly two months, more than half the privates being on the sick list. In consequence of delays, several of the officers resigned. Early in the spring of 1863 the regiment was ordered to different points along the Mississippi, and finally to Fort Gibson, which was captured, the One Hundred and Twentieth losing one- eighth of its men in the battle. Jackson and Raymond were next captured, and the regiment remained at the latter place until May, 1863. The One Hundred and Twentieth returned to the rear of Vicksburgh and participated in the siege. In July it was ordered on another expedition to Jackson, and, during its investment, Colonel Spigel was severely wounded, and the regiment considerably cut up by the artillery of the enemy. It returned to the Black River bridge in July, and went into camp at Vicksburgh. In September the regiment passed down the Mississippi and returned to Plaquemine, one hundred and ten miles above New Orleans, where it remained until March, 1864, when in joined the expedition under General N. P. Banks to invade Arkansas. At Red River Bend, near Snaggy Point, the "City Belle," on which the regiment was crossing the river, was suddenly attacked by about five thousand Confederates concealed behind the levee, who poured a murderous fire into the boat. It was soon disabled by the artillery of the enemy and floated to the opposite side of the river, where it displayed a white flag and surrendered. Colonel Spigel fell, and Captains Elias Fraunfelter, Rummel, and Miller, and two hundred privates fell into the hands of the Confederates, and were marched off to Camp Ford, near Tyler, Texas, where they remained in a miserable prison about one year, Those who escaped formed a battalion of three companies under Lieutenant Colonel Slocum, and, after a march of twenty-three hours, arrived safely at Alexandria and joined the forces of General Banks. In May General Banks began his retreat. The regiment returned to Morganza, Louisiana, and remained until September, and moved up White river to St. Charles, Arkansas, and thence to Duvall's bluff. In November the One Hundred and Twentieth and One Hundred and Fourteenth Ohio were consolidated, Lieutenant Colonel Kelley, of the One Hundred and Fourteenth, becoming colonel, and Major McKinley, of the One Hundred and Twentieth, lieutenant colonel of the new regiment. Lieutenant Colonel Slocum was honorably discharged, his position being rendered" supernumerary by the consolidation of the regiments. This ended the career of the One Hundred and Twentieth regiment. It was organized in 1862 with nine hundred and forty-nine men, and, in 1864, received one hundred and fifty recruits, making ten hundred and ninety-nine men. At its discharge it contained only four hundred and forty men, showing a loss of six hundred and fifty-nine men during the service. The toil and suffering of this regiment were borne throughout with unshrinking fortitude. Like the Eighty-second, the One Hundred and Twentieth returned scarred and worn veterans, to the firesides of their friends. THE ONE HUNDRED AND SIXTY-THIRD REGIMENT OHIO VOLUNTEER INFANTRY. This regiment was mustered into the United States service at Camp Chase, Ohio, May 12, 1864, under Colonel Hiram Miller, and on the thirteenth proceeded to Washington city, I). C,, under orders from General Heintzelman, commanding the department of the Ohio. The regiment remained at Fort Reno, when it was ordered to the front, and proceeded on transports to White House, Virginia, and thence to Bermuda Hundred. It then reported to General Butler at Point of Rocks, and on the twelfth and fourteenth of June was in the reconnaissance of the Petersburgh & Richmond railroad. On the fifteenth two hundred and fifty men were engaged in a heavy skirmish. On the sixteenth the regiment proceeded to Wilson's Landing. It assisted in building Fort Pocahontas. On the twenty-ninth the regiment was relieved from further duty and returned to Columbus, Ohio, and was mustered out September to, 1864. Company I was from Ashland county. COMPANY I. COMMISSIONED OFFICERS. Captain Joseph R. Remley. First Lieutenant Corpus C. Funk. Second Lieutenant Isaiah Mowry. NON-COMMISSIONED OFFICERS. First Sergeant Emanuel Kauffman. Second Sergeant James R. Glenn. Third Sergeant William P. Williams. Fourth Sergeant Thomas Glenn. Fifth Sergeant F. Wilson. First Corporal Nicholas Glenn. Second Corporal Alva Ingmand. Third Corporal Henry F. Grindle. Fourth Corporal John B. Remley. Fifth Corporal John Gardner. Sixth Corporal James H. Allison. Seventh Corporal Jacob Fasig. Eighth Corporal Hugh Hamilton. Drummer Harrison McHose. Fifer Charles T. Allaman. PRIVATES. Caleb S. Anderson, William Ambrose, John H. Blew, Henry M. Buffenmire, Peter Barkley, Henry Barkley, Arthur Campbell, John Campbell, George W. Culbertson, Robert M. Cross, William Dieffenderfcr, John Dalton, George B. Eagle, Harrison Friedline, Samuel Friedline, Benjamin Funk, Plummer Fetterman, Franklin Gardner, Levi Gardner, William R. Garst, William Gill, William M. Gill, John Goody, David Goodman, Alexander Gault, Michael Harpster, W. H. Huff, Bradford D. Harris, Abram Householder, David Hackett, Isaiah I Hartman, James Henry, Jeremiah Johnson, Haynes Jones, Samuel Kahl, Jonas Kiplinger, Samuel Lash, John D. Maurer, Benton McCrary, James W. McCarthy, Charles C. McBride, James A. McGuire, George W. Palmer, Finley Pocock, James Patterson, William Ryland, Valentine Robb, William Royer, James Rennie, Samuel W. Ray, John Springer, James Springer, Michael Seibert, John W. Snyder, Enoch G. Selby, Henry C. Smalley, John W. Smalley, Milton H. Selby, Michael W. Stauffer, William Stauffer, John Troxell, David Wiler. The company was mustered into the one hundred days' service, but served a few days over time. Samuel Friedline was transferred. George B. Eagle died at Wilson's Wharf, Virginia, June 8, 1864. Nicholas G. Glenn died in hospital at Fortress Monroe, Virginia, 112 - HISTORY OF ASHLAND COUNTY, OHIO. THE ONE HUNDRED AND NINETY-SIXTH REGIMENT, OHIO VOLUNTEER INFANTRY. This regiment was organized at Camp Chase, Ohio, for one year, and mustered into service March 25, 1865. Colonel R. P. Kennedy commanded. It contained part of a company, thirty men, from Ashland county. The officers were: COMMISSIONED OFFICERS. Captain Warren H. Wasson. First Lieutenant P. M. Cowles. Second Lieutenant James Campbell, promoted first tieutenant. NON-COMMISSIONED OFFICERS. First Sergeant Thomas Bisby. Second Sergeant P. T. Kissane. Third Sergeant Christian Clark. Fourth Sergeant William W. Gibson. Fifth Sergeant Samuel S. Hare. Sixth Sergeant John Furnish. Seventh Sergeant Oscar Hayes. First Corporal David S. Sampsel. Second Corporal Valentine Greenewald. Third Corporal Andrew Greenewald. Fourth Corporal James J. Pike. Fifth Corporal Frank Campbell. Sixth Corporal Charles Bemenderfer. Seventh Corporal Thomas Dupler. Eighth Corporal George W. Hamilton. Not being personally acquainted with the men composing that part of company A enlisted in Ashland county, we copy the entire roll, as recorded by the adjutant general. PRIVATES. Daniel Arnold, James M. Andrews, Franklin P. Alderman, Elias Arnold, Adnund M. Barnes, Henry Bennett, John Bowman, William Biddison, Thomas R. Bisby, Isaac Betts, jr., Edward Baker, John M.Bost, Aaron Buffenmyre, Charles H. Bemenderfer, John Corliss, David E. Chandler, James Campbell, Christian H. Clark, Jay Chatfield, Thurston P. Cowell, David Campbell, Orison Chatfield, James Cook, Frank Campbell, Peter S. Clark, James A. Crandall, John S. Cramer, Daniel H. Crowell, Elijah Diale, Alexander Darler, Maxwell Drunan, Thomas Duplex, Lafayette Damns, Samuel A. Davis, Marion Dargetz, Owen Evans, Elmore Ewing, David F. Ford, John L. Furnish, James W. Finley, George Finney, James W. Falls, Andrew Greenwald, Valentine Greenwald, William W. Gibson, Jacob Gross, George W. Hamilton, Austin Hayes, David Holmes, Samuel S. Hare, ,Lorin Hildebrand, John B. Hoat, James F. Henry, Alanson W. Hamilton, Otis Hodge, Isaac Johns, William H. Johns, John Kauffman, William H. Kosht, Persifer F. Kissam, Wallace King, N. W. Lattimore, Charles H. Metcalf, Charles W. Moody, John D. Moore, William McCarter, Hugh J. McGuire, Charles S. McGown, Jeremiah H. Neff, Ezram Ohl, Eli Ohl, James J. Pike, A. E. Peck, E. M. Pease, A. G. Reamish, Charles Radcliff, George W. Rowland, Martin S. Ruther, M. H. Snyder, David S. Sampsel, jr., F. W. Stibbins, Solomon Sheets, David Smalley, John Springer, Minor W. Swineford, H. T. Scoby, Jacob Soudler, Orin G. Thayer, John J. Wirt, John Wilson, Norman Wertman, Norrel Whitney, William W. Walker, Silas E. Wright, James Winkler, Orin A. Wirt, Albert White, and Charles G. Young. This company was mustered into the United States service at Camp Chase March 25, 1865, for one year, and was mustered out at Baltimore, Maryland, September 11, 1865. The roll does not give the mortality list. It was probably small, as the service was not active. THE ONE HUNDRED AND NINETY-SIXTH REGIMENT. The regiment was immediately ordered to West Virginia, where it was attached to the Ohio brigade at Winchester. It was subsequently called to Baltimore, and assigned to duty in the fortifications around the city. It was mustered out September 11, 1865. The regiment performed but little field duty; but had the reputation of being a well drilled organization. The officers and men of the One Hundred and Ninety- sixth were all veterans, having served in the other organizations over two years. More than two-thirds of the men had belonged to other regiments, and had been honorably discharged for wounds or expiration of term of service. FIRST REGIMENT OHIO LIGHT ARTILLERY, This regiment was composed of twelve batteries, and mustered into service for three years, September 3, 1861. It was commanded by Colonel James Barnett. The command was organized and equipped at Camp Dennison and sent to the field. Battery D was principally raised in Ashland county. Its officers were: BATTERY D. COMMISSIONED OFFICERS. Captain Andrew Conkle. Senior First Lieutenant Paul H. Rohrbocher, resigned January 1, 1862. Junior First Lieutenant Lemuel P. Porter, promoted First Senior Lieutenant January 1, 1862. Senior Second Lieutenant William H. Pease, promoted junior first lieutenant January 1, 1862. Junior Second Lieutenant Henry C. L. Lloyd, promoted senior second lieutenant January, 1862. NON-COMMISSIONED OFFICERS. First Sergeant Nathaniel N. Newell, promoted second junior lieutenant January 1, 1862. Second Sergeant William 0. Beebe, quartermaster sergeant. Third Sergeant Edward T. Pritchard, secretary. Fourth Sergeant Joseph B. Charles, promoted captain in 1864 and resigned. Fifth Sergeant Henry C. Grant. Sixth Sergeant William J. Patterson. Seventh Sergeant Josiah Brown. Eighth Sergeant Moses Y. Ransom, promoted first sergeant January 1, 1862. Ninth Sergeant William Zimmerman. First Corporal George B. Newberry. Second Corporal, Joseph L. McLeaf, Third Corporal John Patterson. Fourth Corporal Cornelius Linehan, promoted sergeant November 1862. Fifth Corporal Henry Farnsworth, promoted sergeant January 1, 1862. Sixth Corporal Martin J. Bender. Seventh Corporal Samuel C. Fry. Eighth Corporal Gates P. Carey. Ninth Corporal Frederick Heitz. Tenth Corporal John Starrett. Eleventh Corporal Edgar M. Baird. Twelfth Corporal John B. Deshong. Musicians Addison D. White and Frederick Neff. Bugler John Brestel. Wagon Artificers Charles Houp, John B. Lyons, and Adam Taggart PRIVATES. Daniel Ackerman, Thomas C. Atwater, Justus Angel, John F. Adams, George H. Brown, Frederick W. Boon, Thomas B. Black burn, Hezekiah Brown, James Budd, John Budd, John R. Bennighoff, David R. Buck, Jacob Beule, Cyrus Benjamin, Alexander H. Baldwin, James L. Baker, Henry A. Baker, Orrin C. Baker, Russell J. Butler, George Blakeslee, William Boyd, jr., James H. Bateman, Henry E. Butler, Edward Crane, James E. Chapman, Perez G. Clark, John Condon, John L. Campbell, Jacob A. Campbell, John F. Cordell, William Cosgrove, Chauncey Crow, William E. Chamberlain, George Chart, Dennis Condon, Albert Clark, George W. Curtiss, Charles E. Curtiss, George \V. Cover, Adam Cover, Joseph Color, Anthony Color, Frederick T. Coffin, Jerome Coon, Charles C. Carson, Lawrence 0. Craig, Charles Costello, Peter Caviner, William D. Cumber- worth, Jacob Dunterman, William Daniels, Asa Daniels, Franklin A. Daniels, Thomas Dixon, John Davis, William Delong, John H. Eldridge, Joseph Elmrick, William Everett, Thomas Fisher, Jacob Fulker, William Fink, Edwin Fuller, jr., Samuel Gaylord, Edward Geve- HISTORY OF ASHLAND COUNTY, OHIO - 113 hard, Christian Groff, Joseph H. Gould, William N. Gaylord, Amos E. Griffith, Warren H. Goss, Martin Gale, jr., Hiram T. Gilbert, Aaron J. Hart, William Hails, George Huber, Ambrose Hind, Asa D. Hatch, Edward G. Hinman, Thomas Hadfield, Andrew W. Hall, Jacob L. Hagenbuch, John Hyman, Charles Herberth, Franklin H. Hitchcock, Wayland S. Hough, Michael Honodale, Harvey Hull, Rufus M. Hinman, Thomas Holness, Burton J. Hoadley, Joshua Haldeman, Delos Hartson, George A. James, Hermann Koch, Samuel Kelso, Josiah A. Kellogg, William Killop, Michael Kenny, John G. King, Chester King, Jared V. Kidney, Charles E. Lewis, William B. Lowery, Lucius Lyons, George Lovell, Horace Loomis, James Mackin, Michael Merkle, William Murphy, William R. Mooney, Zebulon McAlpine, Lewis Mack, William Matthews, Daniel Mooney, John McNarney, Frederick Moe, James R. Neeley, Zetus L. Numbers, Christian Owen, Christopher Post, Henry Patterson, Edward T. Pritchard, Levi D. Post, Jesse A. Post, Andrew Poe, Gustavus Russert, Wilber F. Robinson, John B. Rinear, John F. Remmy, Ashbel Root, Addison H. Richardson, Martin Sefling, Timothy R. Sanford, Jacob Senn, Alfred Sperry, Henry Stackhorn, Leonard F. Sisenger, John Scutchell, St. Clair Steel, George Smith, Charles Stair, Martin Schrady, Daniel Stair, Henry J. Slitt, James Sangster, James Southwood, Albert Smith, Charles H. Stearns, Henry F. Steward, James R. St. Clair, Sylvester Silshy, Henry A. Thompson, Harrison Thomson, Martin A. Terrell, Wentzel Threedollar, Luke Usher, Chauncey C. Vermilya, Henry Victor, Henry Vanheising, Wesley A. Wells, William Wagner, William P. Wright, David R. Watson, James W. Whiting, John H. Webster, Fulton Wait, Philip Young, George Yanders, George W. Yanders, Eli Yarrian, and Benjamin Yarrian. The mortality list is as follows: John Condon died October 28, 1861; Chauncey Crow, June 12, 1862; Frederick T. Coffin was killed in battle at Stone River, Tennessee; William Delong died January 17, 1863; William Frink died December 10, 1861 ; Samuel Gaylord died February 5, 1862; Jacob L. Hagenbuch died in hospital; William R. Mooney died January 14, 1862; James R. Neely died at Nashville, Tennessee; Chauncey C. Vermilya died June 18, 1862; John Patterson died March 11, 1862; Gates P. Carney was discharged and has since died. About one-half of the men in battery D were enlisted in Ashland county; hence the whole roll has been copied that the strength of the battery may be exhibited. Corporal John B. Deshong was promoted to second lieutenant of battery D, and was transferred and promoted to first lieutenant in battery H; and Sergeant William Zimmerman was promoted to first lieutenant and transferred to battery G, of colored troops. Sergeant Joseph B. Charles was promoted to captain, and took command of battery H, colored troops. Battery D left Camp Dennison in November, and reported to Brigadier General William Nelson, in Kentucky, and marched with his command up the Big Sandy to Piketon. It returned to Louisville, and thence to Mumfordsville. In February, 1862, the battery reported at Nashville and moved to Pittsburgh Landing, thence to Corinth, Mississippi, and to Athens, Alabama. In September it returned to Mumfordsville, where it was captured by the Confederate forces, paroled and sent to Camp Chase, and exchanged in January, 1863. The battery was reorganized at Columbus, Ohio, and joined the Third brigade at Lexington, Kentucky, in March. In June, 1863, it went on a raid to East Tennessee, under Colonel Saunders, and burned many bridges, a large amount of ordnance and commissary stores. In July it marched with General Burnside to Cumberland Gap, Which was captured, In August and September the bat tery went on a raid into Kentucky and Tennessee, with Colonel Woolford's cavalry. It next marched to Knoxville and participated in the siege. The battery re-enlisted and was sent on a thirty days' veteran furlough to Ohio. The ranks being recruited in January, 1864, it marched to Atlanta, Georgia, and joined the forces of General Sherman, and was in all the engagements of that campaign. It was also in the battles of Franklin and Nashville, and went to Wilmington, North Carolina, and was finally mustered out at Cleveland, Ohio, July 15, 1865. FIRST REGIMENT HEAVY ARTILLERY (COLORED). This regiment was organized at Knoxville, Tennessee, in January, February, and March, 1864. It contained two companies commanded by officers from the veterans of 1861-64, who had been promoted in other batteries for meritorious services. They were: COMPANY G. COMMISSIONED OFFICERS. Captain John T. Collins. Senior First Lieutenant W. Zimmerman. Junior First Lieutenant C. H. W. Beecher. COMPANY H. COMMISSIONED OFFICERS, Captain Joseph B. Charles. Senior First Lieutenant John B. Deshong. Junior First Lieutenant L. G. Bigelow. The foregoing companies were employed for a long time constructing and extending the fortifications about Knoxville, besides being detailed on guard duty. In January and February, 1865, these companies went on an extensive forage expedition to East Tennessee. Guerillas were often met on the route, but fell back. In March, 1865, companies G and H were ordered to the department of the Cumberland, and served as infantry under General Stoneman. After the surrender of General Lee, the regiment was ordered to Chattanooga upon garrison duty, where it was mustered out in March, 1866. THE " SQUIRREL HUNTERS." In July and September, 1862, during the apprehended siege of the city of Cincinnati by John Morgan, the noted Confederate raider, an appeal was made to the farmers and laboring men within a proper distance of the city to aid in its defence. A large number of men from the rural districts hastened to the rescue. On the second of September Governor Tod issued a proclamation authorizing General Lew Wallace to complete the organization, and stating that none but armed men would be received, and also providing for their transportation by rail at the expense of the state. The Queen City was speedily put in a position of defence by General Wallace. CA neral Morgan failed to commence the siege, and the "Squirrel' Hunters" were dismissed. Ashland county sent one hundred and four men. By a resolution of the legislature, in the winter of 1863, discharges, in due form, were furnished the " Squirrel Hunters" of 1862. SURGICAL DEPARTMENT. The following physicians from Ashland county served in the army : 114 - HISTORY OF ASHLAND COUNTY, OHIO. Isaac L. Crane, M. D., as surgeon in the Twenty-second regiment, three months in 1861, and in the Sixty-third regiment from October, 1861, to January 28, 1863, when he resigned. He also acted as brigade surgeon. John Ingram, M. D., as surgeon in the Seventy-fifth from the first of November, 1863, until he resigned, P. H. Clark, M. D,, as assistant surgeon in field hospitals from June, 1862, at Farmington and Iuka, Mississippi, and temporarily in the Forty-third regiment. In 1863 he was transferred to Cumberland and to Camp Parol prison in Annapolis, Maryland, and remained until fall. In December, 1862, he was appointed pension surgeon, which position he now fills. Oliver C. McCarty, M. D., acted as assistant surgeon in the One Hundred and Sixty-ninth during the one hundred days' service in 1864, and was transferred to the One Hundred and Eighty-first, where his time expired November 2, 1864. Dr. John D, Skilling acted as assistant surgeon in the hospitals at Cumberland and Clarysville, Maryland, from 1862 to 1865, the close of the war. NOTE.—In preparing the foregoing sketch of Ashland county in the war, a special effort has been made to secure accuracy and impartiality. CHAPTER XXXVII, NEWSPAPERS, BENEVOLENT SOCIETIES, AND BANKS, The Mohican Advocate.—The Ashland Herald,—The Ohio Globe.— The Western Phoenix,—The Ashland Standard.—The Ashland Democrat.—The Ohio Union.—The Ashland Times.—The Independent. —The Loudonville Advocate.—Masonic Lodges,—Odd Fellows.—The First National Bank.—The Farmers' Bank.—The Loudonville Bank. THE Mohican Advocate and Hanover Journal is believed to have been the first newspaper published within the present limits of Ashland county. The office was established in Loudonville, in October, 1834. The editor and proprietor was a Mr. Rogers, The paper failed after the issue of the sixth number, and further operations were suspended. The sparseness of the settlement and the limited number of subscribers no doubt contributed to the failure. The Ashland Herald appeared December 30, 1834, some three months after the Loudonville Advocate, and was published by J. C. Gilkison. It was neutral in politics. The Herald continued some eight or nine months, and suspended. It seems to have had a fair share of advertising. We find in its list the names of L. M. Pratt, P. M., Granger & Campbell, merchants, S. Moulton, merchant, John P. Rejnor, insurance agent, Rejnor, Luther & Deming, merchants, A. W. Melsheimer, Golden Eagle hotel, etc. The Ohio Globe was established by Joshua H, Ruth, in Ashland, a few weeks after the suspension of the Herald. It was the advocate of Democratic principles. In 1836 it sustained the nomination of Martin VanBuren for the presidency, The advertisers in the Globe were William Wasson, tanner; Ruth & Jacobs, merchants; Rejnor & Luther, merchants; Hugh Davis, tanner; Samuel" B. Whiting, carpenter; Granger & Lang, merchants; R. P. Fulkerson, blacksmith. The Globe lived about one year. The Western Phoenix was established by Thomas White and Samuel McClure, now judge of common pleas, of Akron, Ohio, a short time prior to the close of the presidential campaign of 1836. It was the advocate of the principles of the National Whigs, and sustained the nomination of General W, H, Harrison. It survived until sometime in 1837, and suspended because of financial embarrassments. The Ashland Standard was established by R. V, Kennedy, in the spring of 1846, after the organization of Ashland county. It was intended to be the exponent of the bank wing of the Democratic party, as opposed to a hard currency, and was conducted with spirit and ability until the spring of 1849, when it suspended, and Mr. Kennedy removed west. The Ashland Democrat was established by William A, Hunter and Jonathan Moffett, in the spring of 1846, The Democrat was the advocate of the most ultra, or hard currency, wing of the Democratic party. A bitter and protracted personal warfare was at once initiated, between the editors of the Democrat and Standard. Mr. Kennedy was a racy and accomplished writer, and a practical printer; while Messrs. Hunter & Moffett were attorneys, and had no• knowledge of the printing business. They were unaccustomed to the duties of editorial life. The editorial department of the Democrat, therefore, failed in ability and polish. Mr. Hunter, in his best moods, resented, with a good deal of strength, the ironical assaults of his neighbor. In February, 1848, Mr. Hunter sold his interest in the Democrat to Mr. Moffett, and removed to Williams county, Ohio. In April, 1848, Mr. H. S, Knapp, of the Kalida Venture, purchased from Mr. Moffett the Democrat, and from William T. Jackson, the Standard; and, having blended the material, changed the names of the papers to the Ohio Union. He continued to edit and publish the Union until the fall of 1853, when the paper was purchased by Dr. John Sheridan, and Mr. Knapp took charge of the Ohio State Democrat, at Columbus, Ohio, In November, 1855, Collins W. Bush nell purchased the Ohio Union, and changed the name to the Ashland Union, and continued to edit and publish it until his decease, in 1856. In January, 1857, Mr. H. S. Knapp, having returned from Columbus, re-purchased the establishment, and continued its publication until May 30, 1860, when it was purchased by John J. Jacobs. Mr. Knapp declined to support the nomination of Stephen A. Douglass, preferring the platform and principles upon which John C, Breckenridge was nominated. Not desiring to enter the campaign, and having many fears as to the future peace of the country, Mr. Knapp preferred to enter, for the time being, the ranks of private life. HISTORY OF ASHLAND COUNTY, OHIO - 115 The Union was edited and published by J. J. and F. S. Jacobs for about' two years, and John W. McCord became part proprietor. In the fall of 1864, John W. McCord, Benjamin F. Nelson, and John M. Landis, became the proprietors; J, J. and F. S. Jacobs retiring. McCord and Nelson soon after retiring, the paper became the property of John M. and James H. Landis, brothers, who continued to edit and publish the same until April 1, 1868, when the concern was purchased by Dr. George W. Hill. Dr. Hill continued to edit and publish the paper, under the name of the States and Union, until August 1, 1872. During the stormy political contests of 1868 to 1872, the question was, "Shall we have such a Union as was intended by the instrumentality of the constitution bequeathed us by our fathers, or shall the old Union be ignored and exchanged for a military government, subject to the whims of future military despots ?" Pending reconstruction, after the conquests of the war of 1861—'5, the States and Union was the advocate of the equality of the States, the liberty of speech, the freedom of the press and the maintenance of the Union. August 1, 1872, the States and Union was purchased by Messrs, Benjamin F. Nilson and William H. Gates, of Ashland. These gentlemen again changed the name of the paper to the Press. Alberson & Heitman are the present proprietors. The paper has a large list of subscribers, and is well supported. It is Democratic. The Ashlander was established by William B. McCarty, in the summer of 1850, and continued two years under his management. The press and material, after the suspension of the Ashlander, at the close of the presidential campaign of 1852, passed into the possession of L, J. Sprengle. The Ashlander was a Whig journal. The Ashland Times succeeded the Ashlander as a Whig organ in July, 1853, L. J. Sprengle being the proprietor, and William Osborn, editor. In 1855 Mr. Osborn retired, and was succeeded by Josiah Locke, as editor. He continued to edit the Times until 1857, when Mr. Sprengle became the editor and proprietor, Mr. Locke having removed to another part of the State. Mr, Sprengle, November 15, 1875, sold the Times to J. C. Stubbs & Co, J. C. Stubbs & Brother are the present editors and proprietors. The Independent, neutral, of Loudonville, was established in 1867 by Rev. Robert Lockhart, and continued until the fall of 1874, when the paper was transferred to Mansfield, where, in a few months, it suspended publi- cation. The Independent was the organ of temperance reform and prohibition, and was very extreme in its ideas. The Loudonville Advocate, neutral, was established by Joshua H. Ruth in the fall of 1872, and is still published by him as editor and proprietor. It is a neat and handsomely printed journal, and contains a fine selection of reading matter each week. Mr. Ruth is one of the oldest practical printers in this part .of the State, having edited the Ohio Globe at Ashland in 1835-6. In the summer of 1875 the Hayesville journal, neutral, was established, Mr. J. B. Paine, editor, and E. T. Fairchilds, local editor. The paper is owned by a joint stock company. It has a patent outside, is neat in appearance, and contains eight pages. The Journal is intended to forward the interests of the Vermillion Institute, and is mainly devoted to literature and news. BENEVOLENT INSTITUTIONS. MASONIC LODGES. Hanover Lodge, No. 115, at Loudonville, was established by a dispensation from the Grand lodge in 1843, George H. Stewart, Adolph Klemm, Nathaniel Haskell, John Ewalt, W. J. Cullen, P. B. Griffith, E. B. Fuller, and Jacob Booth, being petitioners. On the evening of October 28, 1844, the first regular officers were installed. They were, George H. Stewart, W, M.; N, Haskell, S. W.; P. B. Griffith, J. W.; W. J, Cullen, S. W,; E. B, Fuller, S. D.; A. Klemm, J. D.; Jacob Booth, Treas.; Sec.; L. E. Huston, T. At that time there were fifteen members. The lodge now contains about seventy-five members. Ashland Lodge, No. 151, was established by a dispensation of the Grand lodge, which met at Zanesville October 19, 1846, Charles R. Deming, Lorin Andrews, Benjamin F. Whitney, William A. Hunter, Luther M. Pratt, James McNulty, Bela B. Clark, George W. Urie, Sage Kellogg, and Wells Kellogg being petitioners. Charles R. Deming was appointed first M,, Lorin Andrews, first S. W., and B. F, Whitney, first J. W. At a meeting held May 7,1847, a constitution and by-laws were adopted. The first lodge met in the third story of the county jail until 1859, when the lodge was transferred to the Miller building, on Main street, where it remained until 1875, when a new room was completed and occupied in the Cowan block, on the corner of Main and Orange streets. Ashland lodge now contains about one hundred members. Ashland Chapter, No. 67, was formed by a warrant of dispensation granted by the M. E. G. H. Priest, to companions C. R. Deming, G. W. Urie, R. H. Chubb, H, Humphrey, Wells Kellogg, Henry Spafford, Andrew Miller, H. D. Ruth, and Daniel Campbell, June 13, 1855. Rev. Rolla H. Chubb was appointed first H. P.; Charles R. Deming, the first K.; and George W. Urie, the first S. The chapter occupied the lodge room in the jail, until it was transferred to the John Miller hall, on Main street. The first meeting was held June 19, 1855. The chapter adopted a constitution and bylaws, which were approved by the Grand Chapter October 2, 1872. The stated meetings are held on the first Tuesday evening of every month. Sullivan Lodge, F. and A. M., No. 313, was chartered October 20, 1859. The charter members were: Harlow P. Sage, George W. Kilburn, DeWitt Prince, Alexander Masters, Henry Summers, James Beever, John Campbell, A. H. Palmer, Thomas Parker, Shadrach Bryan, Calvin Bryan, Leonard Brown, C. B. Houck, Daniel Campbell, jr., and Hiram Thurston. The present number of members is about fifty. 116 - HISTORY OF ASHLAND COUNTY, OHIO. ODD FELLOWS. The dispensation for Mohican Lodge, No. 85, of the Independent Order of Odd Fellows, at Ashland, was granted by the Grand lodge of the State of Ohio, to Matthew Clugston, James Sloan, Jackson Wolverton, John Clark, S. and J. Hayes, and John Musser, petitioners, December 26, 1846. The lodge was organized May r o, 1847, by Thomas C. McEwen, D. D. G. M. ; but five members were present. The first officers were: John Clark, N. G.; Jackson Wolverton, V. G.; John Musser, R. S.; H. J. Hayes, P, S.; James Sloan, Treas. The lodge room was in the third story of the Boffenmyre, or Freer, block, on the north side of Main street, below the Miller house, until 1875, when it was transferred to a new and elegant room over the First National bank, on the corner of Orange and Main streets. The present number of members is ninety. Concord Lodge, No. 325, at Hayesville, was established by a dispensation from the Grand lodge of Ohio, May 14, 1857, J. Kinninger, William L. Smith, William G. Galloway, Nicholas McCool, and M. McLaughlin petitioners. The lodge was instituted July 27, 1857, by R. W. G. Alexander E. Glenn. The first officers were: Joseph Kinninger, N. G.; W. L. Smith, V. G.; M. McLaughlin, recording secretary; W. G. Galloway, treasurer. The present membership is about sixty. Sylvan Lodge, No. 24o, was established at Loudonville, by charter from the Grand lodge of the State of Ohio, April 2o, 1854, John Taylor, David E. Stockman, A. P. Mather, C. Hilderbrand, and Aaron Yarnell petitioners, The lodge is in a flourishing condition. The members are mostly of German descent, and number about sixty. BANKS. The First National bank of Ashland originated in the "Ashland Bank," an institution of discount and deposit, established in 1851, under the name and style of Luther, Crall & Co.—the partners then being Hulbert Luther, Jacob Crall, James Purdy, William S. Granger, George H. Topping, and Jacob 0. Jennings. The institution was ably managed until 1863, when, under a law of Congress, it was merged into the First National bank of Ashland, with a capital of fifty thousand dollars, secured in United States bonds deposited in the treasury at Washington. It was authorized, under the law, to issue bank notes to the amount of forty-five thousand dollars, for circulation. The First National bank has been wisely managed, and sustains a high reputation as a business institution, Its quarterly statements show that its resources are ample to meet promptly all its liabilities. For the quarter ending December 31, 1875, the total amount of its resources was four hundred and fifty-three thousand five hundred and ninety-two dollars and ninety cents. This sum includes loans and discounts, two hundred and sixty-nine thousand nine hundred and forty dollars and fifty-eight cents; United States bonds, sixty thousand and fifty dollars; due from other banks, thirty-two thousand five hundred and thirteen dollars and forty-six cents; due from United States treasury, two thousand two hundred and fifty dollars; banking house, safe, and fixtures, forty thousand dollars; other real estate, three thousand four hundred and fifty-seven dollars and fifty cents: expenses, and cash on hand, forty-five thousand three hundred and eighty-one dollars and thirty-six cents. The present stockholders are: Ashland —Jacob Crall, J. H. McCombs, Jonas Freer, J. 0. Jennings, Sherman W. Beer, L. J. Sprengle, R. D. Freer, Jacob Cohn, William Osborn; Mansfield—William Bird and Nancy Mitchell; Loudonville—J. H. Sanborn. Jacob a Jennings, president; Joseph Patterson, cashier. The Farmer's bank was established in Ashland in the summer of 1875, and is owned by Jonas aid Randolph Freer, brothers, the former being president and the latter vice-president. The liability of the stockholders is unlimited, It is a bank of discount and deposit. It is located on the south side of Main street, three doors west of the town hall building. N. B. Dressler is cashier, The Loudonville bank was organized about the year 1867, by a joint stock company as a bank of discount and deposit, Nathaniel Haskell being the principal stockholder and president. At his decease, a nephew, Mr. George C, Haskell, by will of Nathaniel Haskell, became the principal stockholder and manager of the bank. At his decease, in January, 1875, the institution was reorganized under the name and style of the Loudonville Banking company, with a capital and assets of three hundred thousand dollars. G. Schauweker, president; William Garrett, vice-president, and J. L. Quick, cashier. CHAPTER XXXVIII. STATISTICS. The Population of Ashland County.—The Value of Real and Personal Property.—The Industries of the County.—The Amount of Taxation.--The Future of the County. THE population of the county has fluctuated considerably in the last twenty years. This is attributable to many causes, among which is the late war. Prior to 1860, the size of farms averaged from forty to one hundred and sixty acres. There were also many families occupying small farms. At the opening of the war, and during its progress, the major part of the able bodied young and middle aged men entered the service. For the first eight years after the opening of the contest, all the surplus products of the farmers commanded unusually high prices, and the agriculturalist was enabled to purchase the smaller farms adjoining the homestead. The inferior buildings, previously erected thereon, were removed or destroyed. The result was, that at the close of the war hundreds of returning soldiers were compelled to quarter in the villages and towns, or remove from the county. This and the mortality attending the war, reduced the population about two thousand in the decennial period between 1860 and 1870. The voluntary migration of a portion of our people westward is another HISTORY OF ASHLAND COUNTY, OHIO - 117 cause. The actual population of the county by townships, in 1880, is as follows: Montgomery, including towns - 4,628 Orange - 1,451 Vermillion - 2,209 Green, - 2,289 Hanover - 2 ,317 Jackson - 1,488 Perry - 1,403 Mohican, - 1,695 Lake - 886 Mifflin - 849 Milton - 1,194 Clearcreek, - 1,154 Ruggles, - 726 Troy, - 715 Sullivan, - 817 Total - 23,811 The population of Ashland city, Montgomery township - 3,004 From the first settlement of the territory now constituting Ashland county, the people have progressed quite rapidly in all that contributes to their intelligence, prosperity and contentment. The agriculturalist occupies fertile lands that yield abundantly; and few counties, of the same area, can exhibit more culture and wealth. The county is estimated to contain two hundred and sixty-seven thousand four hundred and forty- three acres of land, which is divided as follows: ACRES. Lands subject to annual cultivation, including villages and towns - 160,359 Meadows and pasture lands - 31,894 Wood and uncultivated lands - 75,190 The value of these lands in 1874 - $ 8,045,010 Value of estate in towns - 1,067,034 Value of chattel property - 4, 247, 987 Total - $13,360,031 The actual cash value of the real and personal property will exceed twenty million dollars. The best farm lands sell readily from sixty dollars to one hundred dollars per acre, depending somewhat upon their location. The question of taxation is one of much importance to a free people. Taxes, economically expended, in the enforcement of just and equitable laws, cannot be the subject of criticism and complaint on the part of the tax payer. The grand duplicate of Ohio shows that in 1874 Ashland county was required to pay the following taxes : For State sinking fund - $ 10,688 02 For general revenue - 6,680 02 For asylum fund - 12,024 02 For common school fund - 13,360 03 For county purposes - 16,032 04 For poor purposes - 8,016 02 For bridge purposes - 9,352 02 For road purposes - 12,287 27 For township purposes - 8,453 38 For township and sub-district school-house and for school purposes - 51,669 17 For other special taxes - 3,602 15 For city, town, and village - 10,710 41 Total - $162,874 55 It will be seen that much the greater proportion of this amount arises in local taxation. It will, therefore, be, in the future, a question for the economist to investigate and settle so as to prevent abuses in that direction. Very few men fully appreciate the effect of adding five or ten mills to the aggregate of taxation, but when the subject is fairly presented, and the effect of such increase shown, it will be less difficult to enforce lessons of economy. No subject can be more interesting than that of the industries of the county. The prosperity and happiness of the people depend largely upon the industry, frugality and intelligence of the farmer and mechanic. Let us look at some of the results of each of these branches of industry: VALUE. Horses, 8,507  - $ 544,743 Cattle, 21,200 - 293,245 Mules, 89 - 6,850 Sheep, 56,154 - 140,810 Hogs, 20,131 - 48,881 Carriages, 4,178 - 168,170 Watches, 955 - 13,853 Pianos - 24,225 Merchants' stock - 201,223 Manufacturers' stock - 74,540 Non-taxable bonds - 16,805 Moneys - 419,384 Book's credits  -1,151,162 Stocks not taxable - 4,999 Dogs taxed, 825 - 4,130 Banks and other corporations  - 2,399,154 Other taxable personal property - 276,565 Total - $4,164,048 This is a stupendous sum, but falls short of the actual value of the property enumerated perhaps a half million of dollars. This discrepancy arises from the fact that no property is valued at its actual cash value for taxation. There are other branches of industry equally interesting to all classes ; and we will now give further details. The following are the products for 1874 Wheat, acres, 24,727 bushels, 386,444 - $386,444 Corn,   - " 21,512- “ 725,830 - 435,498 Oats,   - “ 15,583 - “464,988 - 232,494 Barley, - “ 729 - “ 4,231 - 4,231 Rye, - “350 - “ 3,711 - 3,711 Irish potatoes, - " 915 - “ 63,718 - 59,974 Sweet  " - " 21 - “ 1,696 - 1,096 Hay - “ 16,148 tons     - “ 16,091 - 112,637 Clover - “ 14,287 bush. seed - “ 4,456 - 17,824 Flax - “ 1,666 - " " 9,873 - 19,746 Tobacco, pounds, - 30 - 2 Butter, “ 644,897 - 128,979 Cheese, “ 1,033,668 - 103, 366 Sorghum, gallons, 532 532 Maple sugar, pounds, 51,577 - 3,610 Maple molasses, gallons, 10,823 - 10,823 Wool, pounds, 251,821 - 100,728 Apples, bushels, 184,274 - 46,468 Peaches, “ 130 - 320 Pears, “ 1,356 - 1,356 Grapes, - pounds, 156,720 - 94,032 Wine, gallons, - 172 - 250 Total $1,767,709 The greater proportion of the foregoing products is sold and consumed within the limits of the county. From these exhibits it will be seen that the occupation of our people is largely agricultural. It is true, that the manufacture of wool, leather, and machinery, forms a part of the industries of our people ; and it would be 118 - HISTORY OF ASHLAND COUNTY, OHIO. interesting to give those items, if it were possible to obtain the. figures. In gathering statistics, these items have been overlooked by statisticians, and we deprived the pleasure of their publication. In conclusion, it will be seen that while our people possess fertile lands, pure water, and a healthful climate, they are rapidly advancing in all the arts of civilization, and can look with pride to the future CHAPTER XXXIX. MEDICINE AND LAW. The Early Physicians.—A List of Those who have Practiced in the County.—Medical Societies.—Ashland County Lawyers. THE history of Ashland county would be incomplete without a notice of the learned professions. The healing art is the custodian of the highest interests of the people, and the educated physician, properly devoted to his profession, has it within his power to contribute largely to the elevation of society. It has been truly observed, that every scholar realizes, in whatever direction his energies may be employed, there is still much beyond his reach, and, that in advancing, he discerns ever more clearly his own mental deficiencies. This is especially true of the learned and accomplished physician. None but the charlatan or mountebank rushes in where the accomplished physician would hesitate to advance. So long, therefore, as the people place more value upon a horse or a cow than upon the life of a human being, professional accomplishments will be antagonized by the sounding clatter and impositions of the pretender. If a farmer have a house, a barn or a mill to construct, he seeks to employ a skilful and trustworthy mechanic. If a member of his family becomes ill, why not act upon the same principle, and employ the educated physician ? The charlatan always finds friends, and those who practice delusions and impositions in medicine, are ingenious in the adoption of means to entrap the credulous. Their nostrums, like the frogs of Egypt, are emptied into the very bread-trays of almost every family. It is in vain that true men warn the public against the flattering deceptions practiced by patent nostrum venders. For the first six or eight years after the pioneers began to locate along the rich valleys of this county, they were compelled, in critical cases, to go to Wooster, Mt. Vernon, or Mansfield, for a physician. The prevailing diseases of that period were agues and bilious fevers. These were caused from the exhalations of decaying vegetable matter, in ponds and marshes, during the summer and autumnal months. They rarely proved fatal. Home cures were the remedy. Butternut bark pills—a decoction of wild cherry bark, dogwood bark, boneset, and black alder were used freely. Some surgically inclined pioneer was armed with an old-fashioned pair of forceps, commonly called "pulli cans" or "turnkeys," to extract the aching fangs of the people, with a peculiar nervous twist, almost painful to call to recollection. Some settler in almost every neighborhood acted as professional phlebotomist; and blood-letting was regarded as a sovereign remedy for many ills. It is remarkable that the process that destroys the life of an ox, should ever have been adopted as a means of prolonging human life. , About the year 1818 one or two educated physicians located within the present limits of this county. In a few years these were followed by others, and ere long, every village and township contained from one to a half dozen doctors. Among the number were to be found many who had true .professional pride and high attainments. Of late years the medical profession of this county has advanced rapidly in scientific attainment; and public sentiment is being educated to a better appreciation of the responsibilities of the true physician. This may result in elevating the educated physician to his appropriate sphere among the people. The earlier physicians frequently changed location, and it is now quite impossible to follow the meanderings of each. Their number has been "legion;" and the schools from which they emanated are equally varied in practice. Indeed, this county has been an open field for every species of medical theory. The public have tried all. ASHLAND. Drs. Joel Luther, 1816*; Joseph Hildreth, 1824*; William N. Deming, 1825*; A. L. Davidson, removed; George W. Cochrane, died; Gustavus Oesterlin, 1834; Peoples, 1836, killed ; Burr Kellogg, 1842, died 1863; Willard Slocum, 1834, removed; John Hanna; Marshall, 1839, removed; N. S. Sampsell, 1844, removed; J. B. F. Sampsell, 1845; Bela B. Clark* 1846, died 1858; W. R. S. Clark, 1846, removed; Jacob W. Kinnaman, 1847, died 1874; Benjamin F. Whitney, 1849, removed; P. H. Clark, 1850*; David S. Sampsel, 1851; I. L. Crane, i856, died 1867*; J. P. Cowan, 1859; Jeremiah Hahn, 1846, removed; Jacob Myers, 1849, removed; J. M. Diller, 1853 ; Samuel Riddle, 1853; Paul W, Sampsell, 1851, removed; P, M. Miller, 1849, died 2852; George W. Hill, 1861; Thomas S. Hunter, 1867; Samuel Glass, 1867, died 1873*; William S. Allen, 1869, removed; Benjamin Myers, 1870; Robert Kinnaman, 1872; David S. Sampsell, jr., 1873; G. B. Cole, 1874; J. C. Campbell, 1874; Lamartine Greenwald, 1872; Frank Cowan, 1874; Joseph Sheets, 1862, died 1866; John P. Cowan, 1874; W. K. Foltz, 1868 ; Dr. Gascia, 1872, died 1873; J. E. Roop, 1875 ; J. H. Sion, E. N. Dunham, H. P. Nelson, E. V. Cobb, A. L. Sherrick. A majority of the foregoing were graduates. HAYESVILLE. Drs. Cliff 1822, H. Armstrong 1832, J. L. McCully, J. Vautilburg, Constance Lake, Samuel Miller, Austin Rogers, Gilbert Rogers, David Armstrong, Samuel Glass, * See Biography. . HISTORY OF ASHLAND COUNTY, OHIO - 119 James E. Yocum, E. V. Kendig, O. C. McCarty, N. Waddle, Joseph Sheets, Thomas S. Harter, Lewis Armstrong. Drs. Yocum and Kendig are the only physicians at the present time. SAVANNAH. Drs. Cliff 1821, Thomas Hayes, James E. Hayes, William Langhendge, Charles Johnston, John Ingram, John Sheridan, W. C. Cook, James W. McKee, William S. Shaw, D. R. Francis, H. H. Ford, David Crowell. ORANGE. Drs. John Hanna 1834, William Deming 1835, A. J. Pyle, A. Alden, Richard Powers, I. P. Hall, John Lambert, W. C. Leach, A. J, Norris, A, G. McClelland, Josiah Deal, Jeremiah Hahn, and T. P. Crowell, Dr. T. P, Crowell is at present the only physician in the village. JEROMEVILLE. Drs. Cliff, Moses Owens, Vailes, Church, O. H. Edwards, A. E. Page, David Young, J, P. Cowan, J. Sheridan, John Cowan, E. J. Roberts, John M. Waddle, Frank Wilson, L, Greenewald, and S. Z. Davis. Drs. Wilson and Davis are at present engaged in practice. MOHICANVILLE. Drs. Thomas A. Eagle, Thomas Moore, Samuel Riddle, A. J. Scott, McKonkey, Ivery Cole, George W. Parr, Samuel Eberhard, A. Glasscol, Harvey Smith, Russel Thayer, S. Z. Davis, Samuel McClain, French Armentrout, John A. Wolf, — Beggs, — Kimball, A. Ransom, and A. Emerick. Dr. A. Emerick is the principal physician near the village. LOUDONVILLE. Drs. J, S. Irvin 1821, — Cliff 1823, — Clendenin 1825, E. B. Fuller 1831, — Harrison, — Cass, J. H. Smith, Samuel Smith, Charles Kesselmeyer, E. W. Lake, M. E. Barnitz, A. N, Barnes, B. F, Whitney, Vanderberg, C. Sapp, 0. H. Edwards, J. C. McBeth, — Kalar, S. P. Fouts, A. R. Anderson, W. H. Myers, Jesse L. Fouts, Augustus Case, H. C. Newkirk, William Fox, C. Hubert, Augustus E. Gasche, Andrew J. Scott, Amos B. Fuller, W. H. Wertz, S. S. Mills, J. W. Riggs, and J. M. Wertz. A large proportion, of these remained but a short time. PERRYSVILLE. Drs. Robert Irvin, T. G. V, Simmons, B. F. Whitney, W. C. Harrison, T. C. Turner, John Lambert, — Wine- man, Alfred Lee, H. Croninger, — Johnson, J. Palmer, J. W. Griffith, James Miller, W. Downing, John Vantilburg, Tyler, Ransom, Riggs, Christie, G. W, Parr, J, F. Johnston, S, F. Griffith, and M. Pocock. MIFFLIN Drs. John Hanna, J. Chandler, John Lambert, James Miller, Samuel Miller, Samuel Glass, J. W. Griffith, James E. Yocum, John Houke, H. Buchanan, Jeremiah Hahn, and John McCray. Dr. H. Buchanan, a fine physician, has the entire practice. RUGGLES CENTER. Drs. George W. Paddock, A. J. Rutan, Cyrus Paine, W. W. Parker, J. Deal, and 0. L. Andrews. Dr. An- drews is, at present, the only physician in the township. ROWSBURGH. Drs. Abraham Ecker, John Ecker, W. C. More, P. M. Miller, A. S. Long, James Knox, Harvey Tidd, Henry Buck, George Greener, Peter Shearer, Andrew Connell, J. S. Cole, Frank Cowan, and George Gregg. Dr. Gregg is the only physician in practice, the rest having removed or deceased, POLK. Drs. Oliver C. McCarthy, David Young, Andrew Pyle, Richard Powers, Levi Ballard, John Campbell, J. E, McDonald, D. W. Rumbaugh. Drs. McCarty and Rumbaugh are the only practitioners in the township at present. SULLIVAN. Drs. William Mead, Fowler, A. E. Wigton, A. B. Sampson, McCook, Jacob Gillett. William Bunce, John Campbell, William S. Shaw, J. E. McDonald, H. E. Black, and D. G. Hart. Drs. Hart and Black are the only practitioners. TROY CENTER. Drs. William B. Young, Andrew J. Norris, George Weedman, and John D. Skilling. Dr. George Weed- man, a very successful physician, had, for a long time, no opposition. He has now a competitor in the person of Dr. Richards. MEDICAL SOCIETIES. About the year 1850, a county medical society was organized, with the expectation of elevating the standard of medical practice and education. The society met considerable opposition, and, after one or two years, disbanded, Its organization was beneficial. In April, 1864, the physicians of Ashland and other towns within the county, organized a new medical society, in order to advance the interests and usefulness of the medical profession, and the social relations and courtesies that belong to professional gentlemen. A constitution and by-laws, setting forth the object and government of the society, were adopted. The members of the society as organized were: Doctors Gustavus Oesterlin, Jacob P. Cowan, P. H. Clark, George W. Hill, Joseph Sheets, Jacob W. Kinnaman, David S. Sampsel, Isaac L, Crane, Samuel Glass, Oliver C. McCarty, William S. Shaw, Thomas S, Hunter, David R. Francis, S. J. Davis, Benjamin Myers, Robert C. Kinnaman, Jeremiah Hahn, Andrew J. Scott, A. B: Fuller, John Campbell, W. S. Allen, I. S. Cole, T. P. Crowell, E. V. Kendig, George W. Parr, William H. Wirt, John Cowan, Jacob Crabbs, Alexander Emerick. The society has existed about twelve years, and has, to a considerable degree, softened the old rivalries in the profession. Drs. Joseph Sheets, J. W. Kinnaman, Isaac L. Crane, and Samuel Glass have deceased. At the last regular election, Dr. J. P. Cowan was elected president; William S. Allen, vice-president; R. C. Kinnaman, secretary; Gustavus Oesterlin, treasurer; Drs. Cole, Hill, and Cowan, censors, 120 - HISTORY OF ASHLAND COUNTY, OHIO. THE LEGAL PROFESSION. Prior to the erection of Ashland county, regularly admitted attorneys were few, Elias Slocum,* Sterling G. Bushnell,* Silas Robbins, jr., Erastus N. Gates, and J. W. Smith, of Ashland, and Nicholas M. Donaldson, of Loudonville, were pretty extensively employed in justices' courts, and occasionally in the court of common pleas at Mansfield. Since Ashland became the seat of justice for this county, the resident attorneys have been: Erastus N. Gates, James W. Smith, John S. Fulton, Bolivar W. Kellogg, John H. McComes, William A. Hunter, Jonathan Moffitt, James Sloan, John W. Rankin, John Clark, Harvey H. Johnson, Ohio F. Jones, Willard Slocum, S. W. Shaw, J. Vincent, A. M. Fulton, Albert L. Curtis, Alexander Porter, Thomas J. Kenney, William Osborn, John W. Fry; Almer R. Campbell, A. V. Watts, S. D, Gault, J. S. Wertman, F. C. Semple, T. J. Smilie; Geo. W. Geddes, of Hayesville; Nicholas M. Donaldson, of Loudonville; Wm. Henry, of Savannah ; and, subsequently, Thomas J. Bull, of Loudonville; Amos Norris, of Orange; George W. Carey, of Rowsburgh ; John J. Gurley, of Hayesville; William Cowan, of Green; Francis Kenyon, of Savannah, and John Scott, jr., of Hayesville, became practicing attorneys. About the year 1849, William B. Allison, T. J. Kenny, George W. Hill, George H. Parker, William B. Mc- Cart, and Robert Beer were admitted, and, shortly after, the list was enlarged by the names of John J. Jacobs, Robert M, Campbell, C, S. Van Arnam, J. D. Stubbs, and William T. Johnston; and has since been increased by the addition of the names of George B. Smith, H. S. Knapp, H. S. Lee, J. P. Devor, John D. Jones, D. S. Sampsell, J. Hahn, John McCray, Henry McCray, Byron Stilwell, William O. Porter, Peter S. Grosscup, and Charles Dorland. In point of ability and learning the bar of Ashland will compare favorably with those of the surrounding counties. The bane of the lawyer is politics. Whenever an attorney devotes more attention to party discussions, and efforts to obtain political promotion, than to the study of the principles and practice of law, the result will soon be apparent. The politician becomes rusty and demoralized, while the industrious practitioner and legal student always advances in knowledge and efficiency. No signal achievement has ever followed a professional man who neglects to be a laborious and continued student. Many brilliant men have destroyed their usefulness by want of application, and by attempting too many things at the same time. The man of many books, ill digested, will prove to be a smatterer in all. One thing well done is worth more than many ill undertakings. Erastus M. Gates was a native of Massachusetts. He practiced several years in Ashland, accumulated a handsome property, sold, and removed to Newton, Iowa. John S. Fulton, a native of Pennsylvania, was prose- * See biographical sketch. cuting attorney one term, served as captain and colonel in the late war, and deceased in 1862. He was a good lawyer, and had strong military tastes. John H. McComes is a native of Washington county, Pennsylvania, and is a graduate; was admitted about 1839. He has settled more estates than any attorney in the county. He has withdrawn from practice. Bolivar W. Kellogg was a native of Ashland. He was a gentleman of good literary and legal attainments, and was the third prosecuting attorney of the county. He deceased in 1856, of pulmonary consumption. James Sloan, a native of Pennsylvania, located in Ashland in 1846. He was a gentleman of excellent habits. His literary attainments were fair, He was rapidly advancing in his profession. He died of pulmonary consumption in the spring of 1855. John W. Rankin, a graduate of Jefferson college, Pennsylvania, came to Ashland in 1846, and removed to Iowa in 1850, where he subsequently became a common pleas judge. He was a gentleman of fine attainments. James W. Smith located in Ashland in 1842. He attended school at the Ohio university of Athens. He is a native of Wayne county. He is engaged in practice. John Clark located in Ashland in 1847. He removed to Iowa in 1850, where he is still engaged in practice. He was register of one of the land districts of that State during the administrations of Pierce and Buchanan. Harvey H. Johnson, a native of New England, located in Ashland about 1848, He was a fair lawyer. He was elected to Congress in 1852, and defeated for re-election in 1854. He removed to Minnesota in 1855. William A. Hunter, a native of Pennsylvania, located in Ashland in 1846, as one of the editors and proprietors of the Ashland Democrat. He continued in the Democrat until 1848, and also in the practice of law. In 1849 he removed to Williams county, Ohio, and became treasurer. He served in the late war. He has since gone west. Jonathan Moffett, a native of Ohio, was one of the editors and proprietors of the Ashland Democrat, in 1846-8,and the legal partner of William A. Hunter. He removed to Wyandot county in 1849, and subsequently was elected auditor two terms. Willard Slocum, a native of Ashland, has been engaged in law for many years. He was among the earliest attorneys after the erection of Ashland county. He served in the late war and was promoted through all the grades from captain to brigadier general. William Osborn, a native of Columbus, Ohio, located in Ashland about 1847. He edited the Ashland Times, and has a good reputation in the legal profession. He has served one term as common pleas judge in this district. George W. Geddes is a native of Knox county, studied with Columbus Delano, and practiced law in Hayesville one or two years. He removed to Mansfield about 1849, where he became a successful attorney. He was subsequently elected judge of the court of common pleas, and served about fifteen years on the bench, He is in practice. HISTORY OF ASHLAND COUNTY, OHIO - 121 Albert L. Curtis, a native of the State of New York, located in Ashland about the year 1849. He acted as deputy clerk in the court of common pleas, under Jacob 0. Jennings, three years; and after the adoption of the new constitution, was elected probate judge six years. He has also been mayor of Ashland and prosecuting attorney of the county. Alexander Porter, a native of Lorain county, Ohio, located in Ashland in 1852. He served as prosecuting attorney one term. In 1853 he was appointed postmaster at Ashland. He removed to New London, and deceased. He was a man of unusual fluency as a speaker. Thomas J. Kenny, a native of Buffalo, New York, was admitted in 1850. He has served as prosecuting attorney one term, and one term in the State senate. He is now serving as common pleas judge for this district, having been elected in 1874. He was captain of a company in the Sixteenth regiment of Ohio volunteer infantry, in 1861.' George W. Carey remained at Rowsburgh as an attorney for several years. Visited California.. and made a handsome property, after which he located in Green township, and served one term in the Ohio legislature and died of pulmonary consumption in 1865. John J. Gurley, a native of Pennsylvania, had an office two or three years in Hayesville about 1852, and was justice of the peace. He removed to Morrow county. He was there elected probate judge and served as a member of the constitutional convention of 1873-4. He is a gentleman of fair attainments. William B. Allison, a native of Perry township, in this county, was admitted in 1850, formed a partnership with J. W. Smith, and afterward with B. W. Kellogg, and again with William Osborn, and practiced at the Ashland bar about eight years, and removed to Iowa, where he was elected three terms to Congress, and is now serving in the Senate of the United States. Nicholas M. Donaldson, of Loudonville, was elected the first prosecuting attorney after the erection of Ashland county. He served one term and removed to Wisconsin. He was a fair lawyer. George W. Hill, a native of Marshall county, Virginia, came to Ashland, as a student, under Lorin Andrews, of the academy, in 1845; was admitted to practice in 1849; was in Columbus and Washington city, District of Columbia, in the department nine years; returned, and was elected prosecuting attorney two terms, 1862 to 1866; from 1868 to 1872, was editor and proprietor of the States and Union. In 1873-4, served in the Ohio constitutional convention, William B. McCarty, a native of Pennsylvania, located in Ashland about 1851, as editor of the Whig journal, the Ashlander. He subsequently read law, and practiced some fifteen years at the Ashland bar. He served, in the meantime, two or three terms as justice of the peace. He served as lieutenant in the late war. He resides, now, in Michigan. He was a fine writer, and a polished speaker. Robert Beer, a native of Ashland county, was admitted about 1853. He was a good scholar, but lacked legal tastes. He subsequently studied for the ministry, in the Presbyterian church, and located in Indiana. He has become a very eloquent and effective minister. John J. Jacobs, a native of Ashland, was admitted about 1857. He was, when a student at the academy, regarded as an eloquent speaker. He was twice elected prosecuting attorney. He also edited the Ashland Union about four years. He died at about the age of thirty-seven years. Robert M. Campbell, born in Orange township, attended school at Hayesville, Vermillion institute; studed law with Judge F. J. Kenny; admitted in 1863; was elected county auditor in 1866, re-elected in 1868, and is now in practice. William T. Johnston, a native of the Western Reserve, was admitted about 1856. He served one term as prosecuting attorney, and commanded a company in the late war, He removed, about 1870, to the State of Nebraska, where he is rising in his profession. J. S. Wertman was born March 13, 1845, on a farm three and one-half miles north of Ashland ; attended school at Savannah academy, and graduated at Wittenberg college, Springfield, Ohio, class of 1869. He taught school until 1871. Practiced surveying and engineering for two years. Studied law with B. F. Davis, of Indianapolis, Indiana, and began the practice in that city. Came back to Ashland in August, 1877, and has been practicing here ever since. Peter S. Grosscup, a native of Milton township, Ashland county, attended school at Wittenberg college and graduated in 1872. He then entered the law department of the Boston university and graduated in 1873, and was admitted to the Boston bar. Returned to Ashland and was appointed city solicitor. He is now the partner of Judge William Osborn. John McCray, a native of Washington county, Pennsylvania, was admitted about 1869. He was elected prosecuting attorney in 187i, and served two terms. In 1875 he was elected clerk of the court of common pleas of Ashland county. Henry McCray, a native of Washington county, Pennsylvania, studied with Thomas T. McCray, a brother, at Wooster, Ohio, and was admitted about 1866 ; came to Ashland in 1872, and removed to Loudonville in the spring of 1874. He is now in practice. John D. Jones, a native of Pennsylvania, was elected sheriff in 1852, and served four years. He subsequently served as, probate judge six years ; has been, also, elected justice of the peace three times. He was admitted to the bar some time after the expiration of his term as probate judge. Jacob P. Devor, a native of Pennsylvania, was admitted to the bar about 1861. He has served nine years as justice of the peace. He is engaged, generally, in the settlement of estates in the court of probate. Byron Stilwell, a native of Holmes county, Ohio, came to Ashland about 1871. He is a young man of fair attainments. He was elected prosecuting attorney in 1874. 122 - HISTORY OF ASHLAND COUNTY, OHIO. George B. Smith, a native of Ashland, attended school at Kenyon college, Knox county, two years; studied law with his father, James W. Smith, and was admitted in 1869. He is at present a partner with J. W. Smith. He is a young gentleman of fine literary tastes. H. S. Lee, born in the city of New York, August 13, 1821 ; attended school in the city ; came to Ohio in 1842 ; engaged in mercantile business in Savannah ; was elected clerk of the court of common pleas in 1857, and served two terms ; was admitted to the bar in 1864. Charles Dorland, a native of Perry township, Ashland county, was admitted in 1875. He is a young gentleman of industrious habits, and will succeed in his profession. William O. Porter, a native of Vermillion township, Ashland county, was educated at Vermillion institute, was sheriff of the county four years, and was admitted to the bar in 1873, He is now farming, and occasionally acting as attorney. Silas Robbins, jr., the first educated attorney who settled in Ashland, about the year 1828 or 1829, was a native of the New England States, and a gentleman who sustained the reputation of being " an honest lawyer." He served about six years as justice of the peace for Montgomery township, He had a fair practice at the Mansfield bar, and accumulated considerable property. He died in 1842. CHAPTER XL. THE COUNTY OFFICERS FROM 1846 TO 1880. Commissioners.-Auditors.-Treasurers.-Recorders.-Infirmary Directors. - Legislative. - Organization of the Courts. - Associate Judges.-Probate Judges.-Clerks of Common Pleas.-Prosecuting Attorneys.-Sheriffs.-Constitutional Convention of 1873-4. COUNTY COMMISSIONERS. After the erection of the county in 1846, three commissioners were elected, one for one year, one for two years, and one for three years. Since that period the same order has been observed in electing their successors. The following is a complete list to 1880: Abner Crist, of Ruggles, 1846 to 1847; Edward S. Hibbard, of Hanover, 1846 to 1848; Josiah Thomas, of Orange, 1846 to 1849; Aldrich Carver, of Ruggles, 1847 to 185o; James M. Hammett, of Mohican, 1848 to 1851; Christian Newcomer, of Mifflin, 1849 to 1852; Luke Selby, of Mifflin, 1850 to 1853; George McConnell, of Orange, 1851 to 1854; Amos Hilburn, of Milton, 1852 to 1855; Luke Selby, of Mifflin, 1853 to 1856; George McConnell, of Orange, 1854 to 1857; Hervey Fenn, of Ruggles, 1855 to 1858; William S. Strickland, of Vermillion, 1856 to 1859; Jacob Emerick, of Lake, 1857 to 1860; John Berry, of Jackson, 1858 to 1861; Daniel Pocock, of Mohican, 1859 to 1862; Jacob Emerick, of Lake, 1860 to 1863; John Berry, of Jackson, 1861 to 1864; Robert Cowan, of Vermillion, 1862 to 1865; John VanNest, of Perry, 1863 to 1866; Henry Wicks, of Jackson, 1864 to 1867; William Cowan, of Green, 1865 to 1868; John VanNest, of Perry, 1866 to 1869; Henry Wicks, of Jackson, 1867 to 1870; William Cowan, of Green, 1868 to 1871; James Dunlap, of Sullivan, 1869 to 1872; John P. Smal ley, of Perry, 1870 to 1873; William M. Crowner, of Hanover, T871 to 1874; James Dunlap, of Sullivan, 1872 to 1875; John P. Smalley, of Perry, 1873 to 1876; William M. Crowner, of Hanover, 1874 to 1877; Stephen Barrack, of Orange, 1875 to 1878; J. J. Wolf, 1877 to 1880. COUNTY AUDITORS, 1846 TO 1880. Hugh Burns, of Milton, 1846 to 185o; Aldrich Carver, of Ruggles, 1850 to 1852; Isaac Gates, of Mifflin, 1852 to 1856; James Swineford, of Montgomery, 1856 to 1860; Johnson Oldroyd, of Mohican, 1860 to 1862; Isaac Gates, of Mifflin, 1862 to 1866; Robert M. Campbell, of Orange, 1866. to 1870;" Emanuel Finger, of Orange, 1870 to 1874; William T. Alberson, of Orange, 1874 to 1876; E. Grosscup, 1876 to 1880. COUNTY TREASURERS, 1846 TO 1880. George W. Urie, of Montgomery, 1846 to 1850; James W. Boyd, of Mohican, 1850 to 1854; Jacob Crall, of Montgomery, 1854 to 1856; John Jacobs, of Montgomery, 1856 to 1860; + Reuben N. Flashy, of Mifflin, 1860 to 1864; Henry Hershy, of Mifflin, 1864 to 1866; William G. Heitman, of Milton, 1866 to 187o; Gutelius I. Yearick, of Jackson, 1870 to 1874; Michael Miller, of Montgomery, 1874 to 1876; G. Tillman, elected in 1877. COUNTY RECORDERS, 1846 TO 1880. Asa S. Reed, of Mohican, 1846 to 1855; Robert Scott, of Montgomery, 1855 to 1859; George Johnston, of Montgomery, 1859 to 1865; George W. Urie, of Montgomery, 1865 to 1874; John P. M. Goodman, of Mohican, 1874 to 1883. COUNTY SURVEYORS, 1846 TO 1880. John Keene, jr., of Jackson, 1846 to 1858; Orlow Smith, of Milton, 1858 to 1861; George W. Ryall, of Milton, 1861 to 1864; John Keene, jr., of Jackson, 1864 to 1867; George W. Ryall, of Milton, 1867 to 1867; ++ Henry Pifer, of Milton, 1868 to 1871; George W. Ryall, of Milton, 1871 to 1874; John B. Weddell, of Milton, 1874 to 1877; John Weddell, 1877 to 1880. INFIRMARY DIRECTORS. After the completion of the infirmary, in 1859, it was organized by the appointment of Joseph McCornes, of Mohican, John Scott, of Vermillion, and Elias Ford, of Clearcreek, as directors. Their successors, under the constitution of 1851, were : 1852, David Bryte, of Montgomery, one year, Joseph H. Miller, two years, George Boldorf, of Mohican, three years; 1853, David Bryte, three years; 1854; Patrick Kelley, of Vermillion, three years; 1855, Hugh McGuire, of Montgomery, three years; 1856, George Boldorf, three years; 1857, Henry Hough, of Montgomery, three years 1858, Joseph Strickland, of Vermillion, three years; 1859, D. K. Hull of Vermillion, three years; 1860, Holiday Ames, of Montgomery, three years; 1861, Johnston Martin, of Montgomery, three years; 1862, Jo seph Strickland, of Vermillion, three years; 1863, D. K. Hull, of Vermillion, part of a term; 1864, William Craig, of Vermillion, part of term; 1865, James McNaull, of Montgomery, three years; 1866, William Craig of Vermillion, three years; 1867, Moses Latta, of Montgomery, three years; 1868, William Galloway, of Vermillion, three years; 1869, William Craig, of Vermillion, three years; 1870, Mo Latta, of Vermillion, three years; 1871, William Galloway, th years; 1872, George Myers, of Perry, three years; 1873, Josep Strickland, of Vermillion, part of a term; 1874, Clark A. Barton, o Vermillion, two years; 1874, Andrew Jackson, of Perry, three years; 1875, C. A. Barton, three years; 1876, Andrew Jackson, three year 1877, George Smith; 1878, T. Miller; 1879, Benjamin McGuire. The superintendents of the infirmary since 1852, have been: Edward Moore, 1852 to 1863; W. S. Strickland, 1863 to 1864 William Crowner, 1864 to 1865; Samuel Rowland, 1865 to 1865; William Miller, 1865 to 1872; T. J. Mopes, 1872 to 1876. * In the fall of 1870 Robert M. Campbell resigned, and Emanuel Finger appointed to fill the unexpired term. + John Jacobs, having deceased before the expiration of his first term, F. Jacobs was appointed to fill the vacancy; and was elected in T 858, one term.  ++ John Keene, jr., having deceased in Angust, 1867, George W. Ryall was appointed to filt the unexpired term of deceased. Messrs. Smith and Ryall had acted as deputies under Mr. Keene for a number of years. HISTORY OF ASHLAND COUNTY, OHIO - 123 REPRESENTATIVES, 1846 TO 1880. George W. Bull, of Hanover, session of 1846-7-8 ; Charles R. Deming, of Montgomery, session of 1848-9-50; Jacob Miller, of Perry, session of 1850-1-2 ; Richard D. Emerson, of Montgomery, session of 1852-3-4; Jacob P. Cowan, of Mohican, session of 1855-1856; Jacob B. Cowan, of Mohican, session of 1857-1858 ; George McConnel, of Orange, session of 1859-186o; * John Taylor, of Green, session of 1859- 186a; John Taylor, of Green, session of 1861-1862; George W. Carey, of Green, session of 1862-1864 ; William Larwill, ot Hanover, session of 1865-1867; William Larwill, of Hanover, session of 1868-1869; James E. Chase, of Jackson, session of 1869-1870 ; James E. Chase, of Jackson, session of 1871-1872; Benjamin Myers, of Perry, session of 5873- 1875 ; Benjamin Myers, of Perry, session of 1876-1877; John M. Bull, session of 1878-1880. SENATORS, 1846 TO 1878. George W. Bull, of Hanover, session of 1849-1850; Joseph Musgrave, of Montgomery, session of 1855-1857 ; Thomas J. Kenney, of Montgomery, session of 1859-1861 ; Samuel Glass, of Vermillion, session of 1862-1864; John Cowan, of Mohican, session of 1869-1870; T. M. Beer, session of 1876-1878. During this period Ashland and Wayne—Ashland and Richland, and Ashland, Richland, Lorain, and Medina counties constituted the senatorial district. THE COURTS. At the organization of the county, in 8846, Judge Parker, of Mansfield, was president judge of the district. The governor appointed and commissioned Edmund Ingmand, of Mohican, George H. Stewart, of Hanover, and John P. Reznor, of Montgomery, associate judges. The court, thus constituted, appointed Daniel W. Brown, of Ruggles, clerk pro tem. James Hunter, of Montgomery, was appointed deputy clerk, under Mr. Brown. At the expiration of the time for which Daniel W. Brown was appointed clerk, in 1847, the question of appoining a successor arose. The applicants were Jacob 0. Jennings, of Mohican, and Daniel W, Brown, of Ruggles. In the contest, it appears that Judge Parker agreed to cast his vote for the candidate for whom a majority of the associate judges should vote. Judges Ingmand and Stewart voted for Jacob 0. Jennings, and Reznor for Daniel W. Brown. Judge Parker, therefore, gave his vote for Mr. Jennings, who qualified and entered upon the duties of his office, and continued in the same until the adoption of the constitution, in 1851, when a successor was elected and qualified. Albert L. Curtis, of Millersburgh, Holmes county, an experienced clerk, was chosen, by Mr. Jennings, as deputy, and he continued in that capacity until 1852. Soon after this contest Judge John P. Reznor resigned, and Daniel W. Brown was appointed his successor, and, at the expiration of his time, in 8849, John C. Myers, of Clearcreek, was appointed and commissioned associate judge, and successor to Daniel W. Brown. Ingmand, Stewart, and Myers continued in office until the adoption of the constitution of 1851. PROBATE JUDGES. The constitution of 8858 abolished the office of associate judge and substituted therefor the office of probate judge. Prior to that period, the associate judges met at fixed periods for the appointment of administrators, executors and guardians, and the settlement of estates. * Decennial increase under constitution of 1851. The clerk of the court of common pleas kept a record of their proceedings. The new constitution, in creating a probate court, transferred all administration questions to that court, making the probate judge his own clerk. The following list exhibits all the probate judges who have served in that court, from its commencement to the date of this volume : Albert L. Curtis, of Montgomery, 1852 to 1858; John D. Jones, of Mohican, 1858 to 1864; William A. G. Emerson, of Montgomery, 1864 to 1864; Edmund Ingmand, of Mohican, 1864 to 1867; Tully C. Bushnell, of Montgomery, 1867 to 5870; Daniel W. Whitmore, of Milton, 1870 to 5876; John Taylor, of Green, 1876 to 1882. The election of William A. G. Emerson was contested by Edmund Ingmand, and resulted in favor of the contestant. Judge Ingmand deceased in 1867, and Tully C. Bushnell was elected to fill the vacancy. Collins W. Bushnell, of Montgomery, was elected probate judge at the fall election of 1857, but deceased a short time after he had taken his office, and John W. Jones, of Mohican, was appointed to fill the vacancy. COUNTY CLERKS, 1846 TO 1880. Daniel W. Brown, of Ruggles, 1846 to 1847; Jacob 0. Jennings, of Mohican, 1847 to 5852; John Sheridan, of Clearcreek, 1852 to 1855; Jacob 0. Jennings, of Mohican, 1855 to /859; Henry S. See, of Clearcreek, 1859 to 1865; William G. Heitman, of Milton, 1865 to 1865;* Seth M. Barber, of Montgomery, 1865 to 1867; Edwin T. Drayton, of Montgomery, 1867 to 187o; William C. Frazee, of Montgomery, 1870 to 1876; John T. McCray, of Ruggles, 1876 to 1882. PROSECUTING ATTORNEYS, 1846 TO 1880. Nicholas M. Donaldson, of Hanover, 1846 to 1847; John S. Fulton, of Montgomery, 1847 to 1849; Boliver W. Kellogg, of Montgomery, 1849 to 1853; Alexander Porter, of Sullivan, 1853 to 1855; Thomas J. Kenny, of Montgomery, 1855 to 1857; John J. Jacobs, of Montgomery, 1857 to 1859; William T. Johnston, of Montgomery, 1859 to 1861; George W. Hill, of Montgomery, 1861 to 1867; Albert L. Curtis, o f Montgomery, 1867 to 1869; John J. Jacobs, of Montgomery, 1869 to 1871; John T. McCray, of Mifflin, 5871 to 1875; Byron Stilwell, of Montgomery, 1875 to 1877; George B. Smith, present incumbent. SHERIFFS, 1846 TO 1880. James Doty, of Mifflin, 1846 to 1848; Isaac Gates, of Mifflin, '848 to 1852; John D. Jones, of Mohican, 1852 to 1856 ; John J. Hootman, of Mohican, 1856 to 1860; James McCool, of Montgomery, 1860 to 1864; John G. Brown, of Montgomery, 1864 to 1866; Levi H. Kiplinger, of Jackson, 1866 to 1868; William 0. Porter, of Vermillion, 1868 to 1872; John J. Winbigler, of Mohican, 1872 to 1876; Joseph Moore, 1876 to 1880. When James Doty was sheriff, Isaac Gates acted as deputy. When Isaac Gates was elected, John D. Jones was his deputy. When James McCool became sheriff, John G. Brown was his deputy. It will be seen that the deputies were generally in the line of promotion. CORONERS, 1846 TO 1880. Michael Riddle, 1846 to 1848, Montgomery; Justus Weatherbee, 1848 to 1852, Mohican; John G. Brown, 1852 to 5854, Montgomery; John Woodburn, 5854 to 1858, Milton; George W. Crozier, 1858 to 1860, Sullivan; S. P. Crozier, 186o to 1862, Sullivan; John Woodburn, 1862 to 1864, Milton; William J. Vermilya, 1864 to 1866, Ruggles; Israel Markel, 1866 to 1868, Orange; Dr. A. Emerick, 1868 to 1872, Lake; Daniel Ambrose, 1872 to 5876, Montgomery; Dr. F. H. Wilson, 1876 to 1878, Mohican; Daniel Ambrose, present incumbent. CONSTITUTIONAL CONVENTIONS. In electing delegates to the constitutional convention of 1851, Ashland and Wayne counties constituted a * The election of William G. Heitman was contested by Seth M. Barber, and decided in favor of the latter gentleman by the court of common pleas. Mr. Barber entered upon the duties of his office in June, 1865 . 124 - HISTORY OF ASHLAND COUNTY, OHIO. district. Ashland county elected John J. Hootman; while Wayne county elected Elza Wilson and Dr. Leander Firestone, and upon his resignation, John Larwill. In the convention of 1873, for remodeling the constitution of 1851, each county elected the same number of delegates to which it was entitled for representatives in the house. Ashland county was represented by Dr. George W. Hill. CHAPTER XLI. A LIST OF THE JUSTICES OF THE PEACE. Vermillion.-- Green.— Hanover.— Orange. --- Miff A.— Milton. —Clearcreek.--Lake.— Mohican.— Perry.— Jackson.— Sullivan.— Troy. — Ruggles. THE following is a list of the justices of the peace who have served in the different townships from the early settlement to the present time: MONTGOMERY TOWNSHIP. Robert Newell, 1814; Robert Ralston, 1816; Daniel Carter, 1817; Jonas Kline, Solomon Sherradden, Josiah Gallup, Jonas H. Gierhart, David Robison, Silas Robins, jr., William Dwyre, Wells Kellogg, Erastus N. Gates ; Charles R. Deming, 1840; Joseph Madden, 1845e; Charles R. Deming, 1847 ; Stephen Wolf, Daniel W. Brown, 1848; Charles R. Deming, 1850; John A. McClusky, 185o; David Bryte, 1851; William Millington, 1852; John A. McClusky, 1853 ; William B. McCarty, 1854; Francis Graham, 1856; Jacob P. Devor, 1856; William Willson, 1857; John A. McClusky, 1859: Francis Graham, Jacob P. Devor, 1860; Robert McMurray, 1862; Henry Burns, Jacob Devor, 1863 ; Robert McMurray, 1864; James W. Smith, Andrew Mason, 1866; Robert McMurray, 1868; John D. Jones, John A. McClusky, 1869; Robert McMurray, 1870; Sterling G. Bushnell, H. B. Pancoast, 1872; John D. Jones, 1874; Sterling G. Bushnell, H. B. Pancoast, 1875; John D. Jones, Cyrus Plank and M. H. Marietta, 1880. VERMILLION TOWNSHIP. James Wallace, 1814; James Walters, 1815; Joseph Workman, 1817; James Walters, 1818; Ephriam Eckley, Stephen Smith, 1821; Ephriam Eckley, 1824; Stephen Smith, 1825; William McCrary, 1828; William W. Irwin, Jared Irwin, 1831; Robert Cowan, 1834; John Harmon, Robert Cowan, 1837; Peter Eckley, 1838; John Hannon, Robert Cowan, 1840; Joseph Strickland, jr., Archibald Gillis, 1841; Andrew Scott, David Ciphers, 1842; John Harmon, 1843; Oliver Sloan, 1844; David Ciphers, 1845; John Harmon, George Buchanan, 1846; David Ciphers, 1848; John J. Gurley, George Buchanan, 1849; John M. Rowland; 1851; David Ciphers, 1851; George Buchanan, 1852; William S. Strickland, N. G. Swaringen, 1854; James B. Smith, 1855; Joseph Kinninger, 1857; William S. Strickland, James B. Smith, 1858; McClure Davis, William S. Strickland, 1861; McClure Davis, D. K. Hull, 1864; William S. Strickland, 1866; William G. Galloway, 1867; David Fox, 1868; William G. Galloway, 1870; H. C. Johnson, 1871; William G. Galloway, 1873; Henry Butcher, 1874; W. W. Armstrong, David Fox, and Joseph Heichel, 1880. GREEN TOWNSHIP. Henry McCart, 1810; Peter Kinney, 1812; Thomas Coulter, 1812; Peter Kinney, 1815; James Rowland, 1818; Jonathan Coulter, 1.819; Trew Pattee, 1821; Jonathan Coulter, 1822; Ahira Hill, 1822; Simon Rowland, 1824; Jonathan Coulter, 1825; William Taylor, 1827; Jonathan Coulter, 1828; William Taylor, 1830; John Coulter, 1831; Thomas Andrews, Simon Rowland, 1833; John Coulter, 1834; Thomas Anderson, Simon Rowland, 1836; Thomas W. Coulter, 1837; John M. * The records having been lost, we are unable to give the year of the election of the foregoing justices, and the number of terms which they served respectively. Rowland, Isaac Martin, jr., 1838; Thomas W. Coulter, 1840; John M. Rowland, Isaac Martin, jr., 1841; Thomas W. Coulter, 1843; Hugh Martin, William Reed, 1844; Philip H. Plummer, 0846; Hugh Martin, William Reed, 1847; Philip H. Hummer, 1849; Hugh Martin, William Reed, 1850; Phillip H. Plummer, 1852; Elias Groff, Abraham Dehaven, William Reed, 1853; Thomas Calhoun, George W. Carey, 1856; John Taylor, Paul Oliver, 1859; William Cowan, Paul Oliver, 1862; William Cowan, Paul Oliver, 1865; John Taylor, William Cowan, 1868; John Taylor, Warring Wolf, 1871; John Taylor, Warring Wolf, 1874. Mr. Taylor resigned in February, 1876, to fill the position of probate judge, to which he was elected at the October election of 1875. Silas C. Parker was his successor. Joseph Mumper was elected in 1880. HANOVER TOWNSHIP. Stephen Butler, 1818; Stephen Butler, 1821; Abel Strong, John McCoy, 1824; Abel Strong, Gilbert Pell, 1827; Abel Strong, Thomas Shearer, 1830; Edward S. Hibbard, William McMillan, 1833; John Kennedy, 1834; Edward S. Hibbard, James Willson, 1836; John Kennedy, John A. McFall, 1837; George W. Bull, Edward S. Hibbard, 1839; John A. McFall, 1840; George W. Bull, Edward S. Hibbard, 1842; Peter Yost, 1843; George W. Bull, 1845; James M. Ayers, Peter Yost, 1846; George W. Bull, 1848; James M. Ayers, Peter Yost, 1849; Thomas J. Bull, 185o; Solomon Givler, James L. Drake, William Garrett, 1851; George W. Bull, 1852; Jacob Hublitz, John Taylor, 1853; William Garrett, A. U. Bishop, 1854; 1saac S. Bishop, John Strong, 1855; Joseph B. Sanborn, 1856; J. B. Cummings, 1857; A. C. Kile, Morrell Rust, 1859; William Garrett, Morrell Rust, 1862; Stephen. Mapes, Morrell Rust, 1865; Stephen Mapes, Morrell Rust, 1868; Stephen Mapes, Morrell Rust, 1871; George Wolf, John C. Gaines, 1874, and 1877; W. M. Crowner, 1877. ORANGE TOWNSHIP. James Murray, 1816; Vachel Metcalf, Jacob Mason, 1818; Vachel Metcalf, Jacob Mason, 1821; Vachel Metcalf, Jacob Mason, 1824; William Patterson, 1827; John Murray, 1828; Daniel Campbell; John Murray, 1831; John Smurr, Daniel Campbell, 1834; John Smurr, Daniel Campbell, 1837; John Smurr, Daniel Campbell, 1840; John Smurr, 1843; John Smurr, 1846; Robert Culbertson, 1843; Robert Culbertson, 1846; Daniel Campbell, 1849; John Smurr, 1850; William Rigby, A. C. Fast, 1852; James Alberson, 1854; Daniel Campbell, jr., John Warren, 1855; Daniel Campbell, jr., John Warren, 1858; Israel Markel, 186o; Robert Culbertson, James Alberson, 1861; James D. Hamilton, James Alberson, 1864; David Biddinger, 1866; James Alberson, 1867; George Miller, 1869; James Alberson, 1870; George Miller, 1872; James Alberson, 1873; David Biddinger, 1878; and James Alberson, 1879. MIFFLIN TOWNSHIP. Archibald Gardner, 1814; William Gardner, 1817, and continuous until 1841; John Fleming, 1836; James Doty, 1838; John Fleming,- 1839; James Doty, 1841; Isaac Gates, 1842; James Doty, 1844; Isaac Gates, 1845; George Roberts, Charles Boals, 1846; Samuel Culler, 1847; Isaac Gates, Elijah Hart, 1848; Samuel Culler, 1850; Elijah Hart, 1851; Samuel Culler, 1853; John Charles, Samuel Culler, 1856; John Charles, Samuel Culler 1859; Henry Blust, Joseph Doty, 1862, Joseph Doty, Henry D. Ruth, 1865; Dilman Switzer, John F. Beninghoff, 1868; Harrison Funk, John F. Beninghoff, 1871; Solomon Doty, 1872; George W. Rebman, 1874; Solomon Doty, 1875; Samuel Culler, and Paul Keightley, 1878. MILTON TOWNSHIP. Robert McBeth, Benjamin Montgomery, 1816; Robert Nelson, Ben jamin Montgomery, 1819; Robert Nelson, Samuel King, 1822; Joseph Arnold, , Robert Nelson, 1825; Joseph Arnold, Isaac Charles, 1828; Thomas Smith, Isaac Charles, 1831; William Taggart, Thomas Smith, 1834; James Andrews, Thomas Smith, 1837; James Andrews, Thomas Smith, 1840; James Andrews, Thomas Smith, 1843; Amos Hilborn, Thomas Smith, 1846; Thomas Smith, Benjamin Grosscup, 1849; Samuel Smith, Andrew Barnes, jr., 1852; James Andrews, 1853; Samuel Smith, 1855; James Andrews, 1856; Samuel Smith, 1858; Daniel Gross- cup, 1859; Samuel Smith, 1861; Daniel W. Whitmore, 1862; Obed Andrews, 1863; James McCrea, 1865; Daniel W. Whitmore; 1866; Benjamin Wenrick, 1868; Daniel Whitmore, 1869; Elisha Barton, 187o; Benjamin Wenrick, 1871; James McCrea, Benjamin Wenrick, 1874; Enoch Wertman, George Hartman, 1880. CLEARCREEK TOWNSHIP. Robert McBeth, 1816; Robert McBeth, 1819; Elias Ford, 1822; Elias Ford, 1825; James Haney, 1825; Dr. Porter, 1828; Dr. Porter, 1831 HISTORY OF ASHLAND COUNTY, OHIO - 125 John Musser, 1834; John Musser, 1837; John C. Myers, 184o; John Myers, John Musser, 1843; John Musser, 1846; John C. Myers, 1847; A. F. Shaw, John Musser, 1849; Thomas Hayes, John Aten, 185o; Thomas Hayes, John Aten, 1853; A. F. Shaw, 1855; John Aten, Thomas Hayes, 1856; A. F. Shaw, 1858; Thomas Hayes, George S. Shriver, Daniel G. Templeton, 1859; Thomas Hayes, George Shriver, D. G. Templeton, 1862; George S. Shriver, H. M. Dodd, 1865; R. J. Simonton, George S. Shriver, John M. Sloan, 1868; W. J. Vermilya, George S. Shriver, R. J. Simonton, 1871; Arius Rumfieid, George S. Shriver, Benjamin Crabbs, 1874; David Greagor, 1875; J. B. Vermilya, George B. Masters, 1879. LAKE TOWNSHIP. James Loudon Priest, 1815; James Loudon Priest, John Newkirk, 1818; JohU Weatherbee, John Newkirk, 1821; John Weatherbee, 1824; William Wicoff, 1835; Martin Wolf, William Wicoff, 1838; Robert Naylor, William Wicoff, 1841; Henry Maurer, William Wicoff, 1844; Martin Wolf, William Wicoff, 1847; Henry Maurer, Elijah Oram, 1850; Henry Maurer, Elijah Oram, 1853; Henry Maurer; Elijah Oram, 1856; Henry Maurer, Elijah Oran), 1859; George W. Brubaker, Allen Metcalf, 1862; Allen Metcalf, George W. Brubaker, 1865; Robert Marks, 1867; George W. Brubaker, 1868; Robert Marks, 187o; Adam Long, 1871; Robert Marks, 1873; Adam Long, 1874; Sparks Burd, 1877; John Kantzer, 1879. MOHICAN TOWNSHIP. Nathan Odell, 1812; John Newkirk, 1815; Willram Metcalf, 1814; Aaron Beard, 1816; Aaron Beard, Edmund Ingmand, 1819; Alexander Finley, 182o; Aaron Beard, 1821; Aaron Beard, 1824; Francis Corrothers, 1825; Jacob Lybarger, 1827; Francis Corrothers, 1828; Jacob Lybarger, 183o; Francis Corrothers, 1831; Elza Wilson, 1833; Edmund Ingmand, 1834; David Hazlett, 1836; Edmund Ingmand, 1837; David Kauffman, 184o; David Kauffman, Henry Winbigler, 1843; Henry Winbigler, Johnson Oldroyd, 1846; James W. Boyd, Johnson Oldroyd, 1849; Henry Winbigler, 1851; William Campbell, 1852; Henry Winbigler, 1854; William Campbell, 1855; Christopher Hootman, J. I'. Smith, 1857; Heman Alleman, 1859; William. H. Hill, 1860; John J. Winbigler, 1862; William F. Hill, 1863; John J. Winbigler, 1865; J. D. Mumper, 1866; J. N. Slater, 1868; J. D. Mumper, 1869; J. W. Slater, 1871; A. J. Lybarger, 1872; Joseph Heickel, 1874; A. J. Lybarger, 1875; Joseph Heichel, 1877, and A. Ingmand, 1879. PERRY TOWNSHIP. John Jackson, 1816; Thomas Johnston, 1818; John Ihrig, 1819; Thomas Johnston, 182o; John Smith, 1822; John A. Kelley, 1824; John Smith, 1825; John Herr, 1827; John Ihrig, 1828; John Allison, 183o; John Ihrig, 1831; John Allison, 1833; John 'brig, 1834; John Allison, 1836; John Ihrig, Jacob Miller, 1837; John Allison, 1839; John Smith, 184o; Isaac Cahill, 1842; John Smith, 1843; John Ecker, 1845; Jacob Miller, 1846; John Ecker, 1848; John Van Nest, 1849; John Cory, 1851; John Van Nest, 1852; Columbus C. Coulter, 1854; John Van Nest, 1855; Alexander Hamilton, 1856; Hugh Hamilton, 1857; John Van Nest, 1858; Hugh Hamilton, 186o; Ilenry Buck, 1861; John A. Shidler, 1863; John Van Nest, 1864; John A. Shidler, 1866; Solomon Hohenshill, 1867; J. G. Bringolf, 1869; Solomon 1870; Andrew Jackson, John Van Nest, 1873; P. R. Greenlun and Thomas Sefton, 1879. JACKSON TOWNSHIP. Charles Hoy, Jonas H. Gierhart, 1819; John Keene, Michael Debolt, 1831; Michael Debolt, Thomas Smith, 1834; Philip Shutt, Robert Buchanan, 1835; John Keene, 1837; Robert Buchanan, 1838; James Culbertson, David Young, 184o; James McCoy, 1841; James McCoy, 1844; David Young, 1845; Christian Fast, John Keene, jr., 1846; James Stephenson, 1848; Philip Shutt, 1849; Joseph C. Bolles, Charles Hoy,* 1851; Jacob Fast, 1852; Joseph C. Bolles, 1854; Jacob Fast, 1855; Joseph C. Bolles, Jacob Fast, 1857; Edward McFadden, Jacob Fast, 186o; William Berry, David Biddinger, Jacob Fast, 1863; William Berry, Jacob Fast, 1866; William Berry, Thos. M. Dearman, 1869; John Berry, Jacob Fast, 1872; John Berry, Jacob Fast, 1875; John Berry, Jacob Fast, 1878. SULLIVAN TOWNSHIP. John Gould, Henry M. Close, + J. W. Spencer, 1846; Francis Frink, 1847; Hamilton Porter, 185o; John J. Wright, 1851; Joseph J. Wright, 1849; Joseph J. Wright, 1852; Hamilton Porter, 1853; A. H. Palmer, 1855; Hamilton Porter, 1856; A. H. Palmer, 1858; Hamilton Porter. 1859; Rhesa Close, 1861; Hamilton Porter, George Philpot, 1862; Hamilton Porter, George Philpot, 1865; Hamilton Porter, George Philpot, 1868; Marcus De Moss, Hamilton Porter, 1871; Marcus De Moss, Hamilton Porter, 1874; Marcus De Moss, Hamilton Porter, 1877. TROY TOWNSHIP. Benjamin Moore, 1835; Benjamin Moore, 1838; Benjamin Moore, 1841; Christian Bush, 1844; Christian Bush, 1847; David F. Young, 1848; J. M. Bruce, 185o; D. F. Young, 1851; B. F. Fulton, 1852; Henry Summers, 1854; Francis Frink, 1855; John W. Cann, 1858; F. Frink, 1858; Henry Summers, 1860; E. P. Philips, 1861; Henry Summers, 1863; E. P. Philips, 1864; Henry Summers, 1866; Cornelius Bishop, 1867; Charles S. Vanoonam, 1868; Henry Summers, 1869; R. D. Kiplinger, 1871; Henry Summers, 1872; R. D. Kiplinger, 1874; D. V. Bailey, Henry Summers, 1875—failed to qualify, and John Smith was elected in 1876; John Taylor, 1878; and John D. Phelps, 1879. RUGGLES TOWNSHIP. The justices of this township, prior to 1846, were Harvey Sacket, Daniel Beach, Salmon Weston, Stanley Weston, Albert G. Buell, Daniel W. Brown, Thomas Grinald, Jacob Roorback, Aldrich Carver, ++ Erastus Rathbun, George W. Paddock. After that date the following: Edward Lee, J. W. Spencer, Norman Carter, 1846; W. J. Vermilya, 1847; Erastus Rathbun, 1848; Edward Lee, 1849; W. W. Parker, W. J. Vermilya, 185o; Edward Lee, Homer Peck, 1853; D. J. Allen, 1854; Edward Lee, W. J. Vermilya, Alexander Bowman, 1856; Homer l'eck 1858; Edward Lee, Alexander Bowman, 1859; Homer Peck, O. L. Andrews, 1861; Edward Lee, 1862; Laban Ford, 1863; Homer Peck, 1864; R. W. McCready, 1866; Homer Peck 1867; R. W. McCready, 1869; U. W. Barker, John Thorn, 187o; Charles Crittenden, 1872; John Thorn, 1873; Homer Peck, 1875, and 1878; William W. Beach, 1880. * Declined to serve. + We are unable to give the time of service of the foregoing justices, as Sullivan was attached to Lorain county for several years, and the records are lost. ++ It is now impossible to give the dates of their election and the time of service, as the records are not to be had. BIOGRAPHICAL HISTORY OF ASHLAND COUNTY THE PIONEERS, " Who, departing, left behind them Footprints on the sand of AND SKETCHES OF SOME OF THE MOST NOTED INDIANS RESIDING ON THE BRANCHES OF MOHICAN, FROM 1808 TO 1824. AUTOBIOGRAPHY OF DR. GEORGE W. HILL. George William Hill, of Ashland, was born in Marshall county, Virginia, April 22, 1823, His ancestors were Scotch-Irish, His great-grandfather settled in the Shenandoah valley, Virginia, in about the year 1750. His grandfather, Edward Hill, settled about four miles west of Mt. Pleasant, in Westmoreland county, Pennsylvania, in the year 1794, a region prior to that time claimed as a part of the territory of Virginia, where John Hill, father of George W. Hill, was born in 1801. In the fall of 1822 John Hill located in Marshall county, Virginia, where he married Catharine Grandstaff, of German descent, and where George William Hill, their first child, was born, In 1824 John Hill removed to Richhill township, Muskingum county, Ohio, on the head waters of Wills creek, then a wild and sparsely settled region. In 1830, he removed to near Brownsville, in Licking county, where he remained until 1834, and then located near Hartford, in the same county, in the midst of the forest of that region, where deer and other game could be seen almost daily ranging through the deep woods, and commenced to prepare a new home. After making some improvements upon his farm, he sold it and again located near Newark in 1836, and in September of the same year his wife deceased and was buried in the old cemetery of Newark. John Hill then returned with his children, seven in number, to Richhill, in Muskingum county. In March, 1840, while engaged in business, John Hill died at Providence City, in the Maumee region. In 1842 the administrator of his estate became a bankrupt, and took the benefit of that law, and the children of John Hill were left penniless, owing to the defects of the administration laws of the State at that time. Without money and in the possession of a few books, having a limited common school education, the subject of this sketch apprenticed himself to learn the trade of a tanner, and served about three years, on the principle that every young man should have a trade or occupation to warrant success in life. In 1845 he entered Ashland academy, then under the superintendence of the lamented Lorin Andrews, one of the most successful instructors in Ohio, and who afterwards became president of Kenyon college, in Knox county, Ohio. Mr. Hill remained at that school three years, paying his way by working nights, mornings, and during vacations. In 1848 he became deputy for the auditor and treasurer, and remained in the county offices until 1851. In 1850, having read law at nights after office hours, he was admitted to the bar as a practicing attorney. In 1852 he was principal of Loudonville academy, which position he held until failing health compelled him to resign. In 1853-4 he was official reporter for the Ohio senate. In August, 1854, he was appointed a deputy in the office of the State auditor, that office being presided over by Hon. William D. Morgan, now of Newark, Ohio. In November, 1855, he was appointed to a first-class clerkship in the treasury of the United States. In 1859, he graduated in medicine in the medical department of Georgetown college, District of Columbia, lecture hours occurring after office hours in the treasury, thus enabling him to attend lectures without losing time. In July, 1861, he was at the first battle of Bull Run, as a volunteer surgeon. In January, 1862, he returned to Ashland, Ohio, and entered upon the practice of medicine, and continued in that profession until the fall of 1867. In 1862 he was elected prosecuting attorney of Ashland county, and was re-elected in 1864. In the winter of 1868-9, he was official reporter of the house of representatives of Ohio. In April, 1868, he purchased the Ashland Union, the Democratic organ of the county, and changed its name to The States and Union. He continued to edit said paper until August, 1872, when, differing with his party on the policy of nominating Horace Greeley for President, he sold said paper. In 1872 he was a delegate from the fourteenth district to the Baltimore convention, but refused to act with his delegation as to the time-serving policy of selecting a candidate from the ranks of the Republican party to head the National Democratic ticket for President. In disgust he retired, selling to men who thought they sacrificed no principle in advocating the claims of Greeley for President, although he had often stated in the Tribune, that he "would not say that every Democrat was a horse thief, but would say that every horse thief turned out to be a Democrat." The people of the United Stafes refused to sustain his nomination, and defeat and disaster overtook the old man, and from disappointment, he soon became a hopeless wreck, and died, Such is the end of ambitious and ill-balanced men! In the spring of 1873, Mr. Hill was elected a member of the Ohio Constitutional convention held at the cities of Columbus and Cincinnati in the summer of 1873 and winter of 1874, and served upon several committees in the convention, and was chairman of the committee of accounts and expenses. He made a number of speeches, all of which are printed in the volumes of the debates. He was active in opposing all schemes to deplete the treasury, and increase the burthens of the people, and finally voted against the constitution, feeling convinced that it was not what the people wished. On the fourth of July, 1876, at a town meeting, the people selected him to deliver the Centennial address for Ashland county. A large assemblage of people was present to hear the address, which was published in both the county papers. In 1875-67-8 he wrote the sketches of Marion, Wyandot and Allen counties, with a full history of the ancient Wyandotts, Delawares and Shawnees, including their final removal west. In 1880 he finished, for publication, the history of Ashland county, Mr. Hill married Miss Rebecca Draper, daughter of John Draper, formerly from near Boston, Massachusetts, May 17, 1850. His family consists of three children: Margaret Amanda, Ida Rena and William Duane Hill, all of age. HISTORY OF ASHLAND COUNTY, OHIO - 127 BAPTISTE JEROME. John Baptiste Jerome was born near Montreal, Canada, of French parents, in the year 1776 or 1777. When seventeen or eighteen years of age he crossed the lake with some French emigrants, and settled among the Indians at the mouth of Huron river. He married an Indian girl, supposed to have been the sister of a noted Indian known as George Hamilton. After remaining on the Huron a few years, he moved to Upper Sandusky, and resided among the Indians until the campaign of General Anthony Wayne. In company with Captain Pipe, of the Delawares, he was engaged in a number of battles against the American forces, and was at the famous battle of "Fallen Timbers." At the time of his residence in this county, he often related anecdotes concerning that battle, describing the amazement of the Indians at the rapidity and violence of the movements of Wayne's army—the Indians comparing him to a huge "black snake," and ascribing almost supernatural powers to him. He asserted, that for a long time, the very name of "Mad Anthony" sent a chill of horror through the body of an Indian. They had, prior to the appearance of General Wayne, baffled the armies of the American generals, and committed many barbarities upon the wounded and dead soldiers left upon the battle field ; but, when he came, like a huge anaconda, he enclosed and crushed the warriors in such a frightful manner that they abandoned all hope of resisting his victorious march, and were glad to stop his ravages by making peace, After the treaty at Greenville in 1795, Jerome, Captain Pipe, and a number of the Delawares left the northwest and settled at what was formerly Mohican Johnstown, on the south side of the stream, about three quarters of a mile from the present site of Jeromeville. she stream was thenceforth known as the Jerome fork, which name it doubtless received from Jerome. The precise period of this migration can not be accurately fixed, but was doubtless as early as 1796 or 1797. Jerome crossed the stream and built a cabin a little southeast of the present site of the mill, where Joseph H. Larwill found him, his wife and daughter, while surveying, in 1806-7. Captain Pipe built a wigwam and located south of the stream, and about one mile from Jerome, near what is now the Hayesville road. When the first settlers came into Killbuck, now Mohican township, Jerome resided in the aforesaid cabin, and had some thirty-five or forty acres of land cleared along on the bottom, on the banks of the stream, which he cultivated in corn.* He resided in his cabin with his wife Mary or Munjela, who was about fifteen years old when the war of 1812 was declared. A short time prior to the declaration of war, Captain Pipe and all his Delawares, except three or four friendly and harmless families, quietly slipped away and joined their friends in the northwest. When Captain Murray came to Jerome's * When the old Portage road was surveyed in 1810, Peter Kinney, afterward Judge Kinney, was one of the party, and found Jerome's cabin as above stated, near the foot of Main street, in Jeromeville, on the south side. See also, biography of Alexander Finley and letter of James Finley. place to build the block-house, it is asserted by some of the pioneers, that by order of General Beall, Jerome was arrested and sent to the block-house at Wooster, where he was confined for a short time as a precaution against furnishing aid and comfort to the Indians who might be found prowling about the forest; and that while he was at Wooster, Captain Murray sent his (Jerome's), wife and daughter to Urbana, where they subsequently died from exposure. Another statement is, that when Captain Douglas removed the Greentown Indians the wife and daughter of Jerome, with others, accompanied them, Jerome voluntarily remaining to take care of his stock, of which he was well supplied, and his cabin and household goods; and that he was not confined at Wooster. We accept the latter statement as being the most probable; for there were no Indians at the arrival of General Beall to be sent away, and we have no account of a separate expedition from that of Douglas to convey the Indians to Urbana. Jerome is said to have been warmly attached to his wife and daughter, and deeply mourned his separation from them ; and often reproached the military for enforcing so cruel an edict, He never looked upon their faces again ; for, long before the close of the war, they were both in the grave. Prior to his being separated from his wife, Jerome was noted for his hospitality his wife being an excellent cook and housekeeper, considering her opportunities, Jerome being her only instructor as to domestic duties. During the prevalence of the war, Jerome remained at the block-house among the pioneers who sought protection there in 1812–'13–'14. The loyalty of Jerome was beyond question. On several occasions he evinced as much zeal in protecting the neighboring cabins as his pioneer companions of the block-house. He was a small man vivacious and positive. Though impulsive, and at times irritable and bitter in his resentments, he was generous and brave, and firmly attached to his friends. He was endowed with a good understanding, and could converse in French and Indian, and sufficiently well to be understood in English. Before his separation from his wife and daughter his circumstances were prosperous, being in possession of a lot of cattle, hogs and horses--a few fields of Cleared land, with a comfortable cabin. At the close of the war, everything went wrong with him his property was dispersed and his affairs began to go to ruin. He married a German woman on the Clear fork, with whom he lived until he sold his farm. He sold the farm, occupying the present site of Jeromeville, in the winter of 1815, to Christian Deardorf and William Vaughn, and purchased the farm upon which Goudy's mill was subsequently erected, about two miles southwest of his old farm. He remained here some time, and sold the land to Joseph Workman, who sold it to Constance Lake for a mill site. Jonathan Palmer was his neighbor for three years, and always spoke kindly of Jerome. About the year 1817 Jerome and his German wife removed to his old residence at the mouth of Huron river, where he died a few years afterwards, in indigent circumstances, leaving his wife and one child, who returned to Rich- 128 - HISTORY OF ASHLAND COUNTY, OHIO. land where they remained. Jerome is believed to have been the first white settler within the present limits of Ashland county, his arrival antedating that of Alexander Finley and Andrew Craig some eight or nine years. ABRAM WILLIAMS. Among the wigwams of Greentown when the pioneers of 1809-10 entered the township, was that of Abram Williams, an irritable, morose old Indian, who had formerly married a white captive on the Sandusky river, from whom he separated in consequence of the violence of his temper and long continued jealousy and cruelty. The story of this unhappy marriage, as near as I can learn, is as follows: About the year 1785 a family by the name of Martin and a Mr. Castleman were neighbors in Beaver county, Pennsylvania, and resided near the east bank of the Ohio river. It had been the custom of these families, for several years, to cross the river in the spring to make sugar on the bottoms. They had been engaged several days during the spring alluded to, when Castleman's horses strayed from their enclosure. He went in search of them or. the river bottoms. During his absence, Martin returned from the camp and requested Mary Castleman, aged about thirteen, and Margaret, about nine, to accompany him to assist in boiling and gathering sugar water. Mrs. Castleman hesitated for some time to let them go; but Martin being quite positive there were no Indians in the vicinity, she finally consented to let them return with him. A short time after they crossed the river Mrs. Castleman heard the explosion of guns in the vicinity of the camp, and being alarmed for the safety of her daughters, hastened to the river side and called aloud, but received no reply. Returning to her cabin she alarmed the neighbors, and a number of men assembled on the east bank of the river, but dared not pass over, for fear of an ambush. On the succeeding morning, a number of volunteers crossed in a canoe, and found Martin and his wife dead and scalped. The Castleman girls, and a little daughter of Martin, were nowhere to be found. The volunteers concluded they had been captured and carried away by the Indians. Pursuit was now useless, as the savages were doubtless many miles away. Years after, it was learned that there were but three Indians at the capture. In skulking along the banks of the Ohio, they happened on Martin's camp, and finding it defenceless, concluded to kill him and his wife, and take the girls to Sandusky. After they had killed Martin and his wife they secured the girls. While they were engaged in the fiendish murder of the two old people, Margaret attempted to conceal herself in a hollow sycamore log, while Mary fled to the river and got into a canoe and began to push it from the shore, but one of the Indians instantly pursued her into the water and dragged the canoe back again, and secured her. He asked her how many men were at the house, and knowing that the safety of her mother and family depended upon her strategy, she answered nine. The Indians then took up their line of march for Greentown, on the Black fork. After several days they arrived at the Indian village, where they met some traders from Detroit. They passed up the ancient trail from Fort Pitt, by way of Jerometown, now known as the Portage trail. A trader at Greentown, by the name of McIntosh, was much pleased with the appearance of Margaret, and purchasing her for twenty-five dollars, took her home with him to Detroit, where she remained a number of years as a member of his family, and attended school. Her father, through the traders, finally learned of her whereabouts, and went to Detroit and took her home, The Indians took Mary and the Martin girl to Sandusky, where they remained. The history of the Martin girl, during her residence among the Delawares, is a blank. Mary Castleman grew up to womanhood among the Indians, learning all their customs and language. During her residence among the Indians at Sandusky, she became acquainted with Abram Williams, a half-blood, to whom she was married. She had by him two children, George and Sally. Williams was a jealous, tyrannical and cruel husband, and he and his white squaw lived very unhappily. Williams, in his paroxysms of rage and jealousy, often maltreated his wife, and threatened to kill her. Fearing he would put his threat into execution, she resolved, if possible, to make her escape and seek refuge among her friends in Beaver county. By the traders, who often visited Fort Pitt, she conveyed intelligence of her situation to her father, and her desire to be relieved. The attempt to rescue her would be attended with much danger. If not successful, it would result in bringing upon her the vengeance of her exasperated husband, and might terminate in great suffering and death. Mr. Castleman made arrangements with a man by the name of George Foulks, a neighbor, to go to Sandusky to obtain the release of Mary. In his youth, Mr. Foulks had been captured by the Indians, taken to Sandusky and adopted, where he resided for many years, and became versed in their language and customs. He was well acquainted with all the Indian trails, and it was presumed by Mr. Castleman, that Foulks was just the man to secure the liberation of his long missing daughter. Mr. Foulks, after some preparation, set out for Sandusky, passing up the old trail to Jerometown; thence near where Olivesburgh now stands, through Blooming- grove, in Richland county, to the place of his destinanation. He soon found Williams and his wife. Afte spending a few days with them he proposed to Williams to let Mary accompany him on a visit to her friends in Beaver county. The jealousy of Williams was at once aroused. He refused to permit his wife to leave, and menaced the life of Foulks if he persisted in making such a request. Mr. Foulks determined to carry out his intentions t bring Mary home. The rage of Williams was to be baffled by strategy. Affecting to acquiesce in the unwilling ness of the dusky husband, he alleviated his fears. HISTORY ASHLAND COUNTY OF, OHIO - 129 Foulks then went to an old Indian acquaintance and friend, and proposed to give him a barrel of whiskey and other presents if he would aid him in getting Mary away from Williams. The Indian feared the resentment of his Indian neighbor, and at first refused; but the "fire water" was a tempting prize. At the next interview he entered heartily into the project, and agreed to go with Mary. The plan was, for Foulks to keep away from Williams, and remain about the Indian camp. The confederate then took Mary and started down the old Jerometown trail, while Foulks remained a day in the camp, and then started by another trail to meet his Indian friend and Mary at Jerometown. When he arrived near the Indian village he gave the signal, and Mary and his friend soon appeared in the forest, and she was then taken home by Mr. Foulks and restored to her friends and civilized society. Some time after this desertion Williams came to Green- town, built a wigwam, and was residing there with his children, George and Sally, when the first pioneers came into the neighborhood. Sally was then a young woman, and had many admirers among the dusky warriors. Mrs. James Cunningham, Mrs. James Irwin, Mrs. Sarah Vale, and others, called at the wigwam of Williams to see what kind of a housekeeper Sally appeared to be. These ladies were all young then. They found the wigwam of Williams neat and clean, and Sally a pleasant young lady. SOLOMON JONACAKE. A short time before the removal of the Greentown Indians, a good-natured, fine-looking Delaware warrior, by the name of Solomon Jonacake, located among the tribe, and soon became fascinated with the charming Sally Williams, He proffered her his hand in marriage, saying: "Me want squaw velly bad. Me like squaw. Me want Sally for squaw." The proffer was accepted on condition that the marriage ceremony should be after the manner of the whites, and by a white man. Sally exacted these conditions on the ground that she had already been twice married to recreant young warriors, and the Indian ceremony had failed to "stick." Jonacake was but too happy to comply, for he "wanted Sally velly bad." There being no minister in that region authorized to perform the ceremony, they went to the cabin of Peter Kinney, who was justice of the peace, and he married them. It was a good job; for Jonacake proved a kind and faithful husband. Abram Williams was very proud of the choice of Sally, and stated to Mr. Elijah Harter, of Mifflin, that "Jonacake was a good Indian. He no heathen Indian. He Moravian Indian. He be kind to Sally. He velly good Christian Indian." When the Greentown Indians were removed, in 1812, to Urbana, Williams, Jonacake and wife accompanied their friends. After the war, they and many other Green' town Indians returned annually to hunt, for ten or twelve years. Jonacake hunted a good deal in what is now Lake township, placing his wigwam near a good spring, where Sally presided like an Indian queen. Many of the brooks in Lake yet bear his name. In 1819, he encamped in the spring and fall, on a bottom west of the Black fork, in the vicinity of the present residence of Daniel Hoover, some three miles northwest of the village of Mifflin. While there, Mrs. Hoover visited the bark wigwam of Jonacake, and spent some hours with Sally, who could converse very well in German. At that time Jonacake had two interesting little boys, aged respectively about five and seven years. Mrs. Hoover says Sally was an interesting woman, and her children were very neatly kept. Her little boys were handsomely clothed in dressed deer-skin, after the Indian style. Everything exhibited an air of comfort and contentment. During the interview, Sally complained of being surfeited on venison, and expressed a wish for salt pork. Mrs. Hoover agreed to exchange pound for pound. Sally was delighted. A few mornings after the visit, Jonacake appeared very early at the door of Mr. Hoover's cabin with a load of fresh venison. Hoover went to his smoke-house and selected the pork which he proposed to exchange, and having weighed it, handed it to Jonacake. The good-natured hunter appeared much pleased with the trade. Breakfast being then ready, Mr. Hoover politely invited Jonacake to eat. He readily consented, and took a seat at the table. He behaved with becoming modesty, and handled his knife, fork and cup with as much skill as a white man. Mr. Hoover says Jonacake was a tall, fine looking Indian, and would weigh, perhaps, one hundred and sixty or one hundred and seventy pounds. He seemed to be imbued with the doctrines of the Moravians. Sally was a firm believer in that faith ; and Jonacake and his family observed the Sabbath much more faithfully than the semi-christianized borderers who surrounded them. Mr. Hoover regarded his Indian neighbor as harmless, and as possessing integrity to a remarkable degree. He often met him in the forest hunting, and says he was always courteous and good-humored. Sally was, in his opinion, a remarkable woman, considering the fact that she never had any of the advantages of civilized life. Mr. Knapp refers to the residence of Jonacake in Clearcreek township at a late date. In 1824, in the spring, Jonacake had a wigwam in the vicinity of the present site of Savannah. While there, one Sabbath, Hance McMeekin and Andrew Clark visited his wigwam, and entered into conversation with Sally. McMeekin was a merry, fun-making sort of a pioneer, and relished a good joke. After saluting Sally and her little boys, he inquired as to the success of Jonacake in hunting. Sally—"Not very good. Last Sunday, Jonacake saw a number of deer, while hunting his horses that had strayed away; but being without a gun, they escaped." McMeekin—"Without his gun ! Why did he go without it ?" Sally—" He never carries his gun on Sunday." McMeekin—" What do you know about Sunday ? Do you know when that day comes ?" 130 - HISTORY OF ASHLAND COUNTY, OHIO. Sally—"Do you suppose I am an animal ? I am a human being, and know when Sunday comes as well as the white people." McMeekin—"Do all the Indians know when Sunday comes ?" Sally—"They very generally do; but, like most of the white people, fail to keep it." This retort satisfied McMeekin, and he ceased to poke his fun at Sally. McMeekin often related this adventure with great glee, and conceded that Sally was rather spicy in her dialogue with him. Jonacake and other Indians, at that period, often visited the mill of Martin Mason, where Leidigh's now stands, to purchase corn-meal in exchange for pelts and venison. Andrew Mason remembers him distinctly. In the treaty of 1817, at the Maumee rapids, a reservation, three miles square, south of the Wyandots, was allowed the remnant of Delawares from Jerometown and Greentown. Jonacake is named as one of the joint proprietors. In 1829, when the Delawares were removed to their new home, west of the Mississippi, Jonacake and his family went along. Jonacake died on the Delaware reservation, in Kansas, leaving two or three sons. In the war of the Rebellion of 1861-5, three grandsons of Jonacake served in company M, Sixth regiment of Kansas volunteer infantry, under Captain John W. Duff. Their names were : John, Benjamin, and Philip Jonacake. Captain Duff says they were excellent soldiers. CAPTAIN ARMSTRONG of Greentown, whose Indian name was Pamoxet, is first mentioned in the treaty of Fort Industry, on the Maumee river, July 4, 1805. The object of the treaty was the final relinquishment of all Indian title to the lands of the Western Reserve. We are inclined to the opinion that he was a chief of the Turtle tribe, and that he located at Greentown fifteen or sixteen years before Pipe made his residence near the village of Mohican Johnstown. He was there when the first settlers of Green township commenced the erection of their cabins, in 1808-9; and seemed to exercise a very controlling influence over the Indians of that village, among whom were Delawares, Mingoes, Mohawks, and a few Shawnees. From the year 1800, up to 1812, Knox county furnished a favorite resort for -Armstrong and his tribe, in the fall of the year, as a site for hunting. Mr. Banning, in his history of Knox county, says the Indians congregated at Greentown, at the periods mentioned above, numbering from three to five hundred. During the summer seasons, various acts of hostility were attributed to Armstrong's band, of which they were doubtless innocent. Collisions, therefore, between the white settlers of Knox county and the Greentown Indians, became frequent. The major part of the tribe, on the rumor of the approaching war, voluntarily left Greentown ; Armstrong and many others were 10th to leave the hunting grounds of their youth—the graves of their fathers— the homes of their race. So Major Kratzer determined that Armstrong and his people should be removed to Urbana, as before described. At the time James Copus, John Coulter, and Ebenezer Rice, first met Armstrong, he appeared to be about sixty-five years of age; was a small man, slightly stooped, rather dignified and reticent; dressed in full Indian costume, and appeared to advantage. He had two wives; one an old squaw, by whom he had James and Silas, and probably other children. He married a young squaw about 1808, by whom he had children. He frequently visited the first cabin of James Copus, where he made sugar the first spring after his arrival. James and Silas often shot at a mark, with bows and arrows, with James and Wesley Copus, in the sugar camp. They also amused themselves by hopping, wrestling, and other boyish sports. Armstrong had two Indian servants or slaves, both deaf. They were of some other tribe. Armstrong appeared to be a harmless old chief, and treated his pioneer neighbors very kindly. At his, request, James Copus preached a number of times to the Greentown Indians. After Douglas removed the Indians, Captain Armstrong settled with the Delawares in the Upper Sandusky region, and never returned to Greentown, The boys, James and Silas, frequently came back. The old chief was a good Indian doctor, and could talk very good English. His descendants the Armstrongs—intermarried with the Delawares and Wyandots, and finally removed, in 1828-29, west of the Mississippi. It is believed that Captain Armstrong was born in Pennsylvania, of white parents, and was captured, when quite young, and adopted by the Delawares, and, becoming a leading warrior, was promoted to the office of chief. There is a current legend among the pioneers of Green township, that Armstrong received his name, when a young man, from a successful contest with a black bear, just prior to his promotion to the chiefship. It runs thus: "Pamoxet was in the forest, hunting. He met and wounded a large black bear. The ferocity of the animal was aroused. It rushed upon him, and, in an erect posture, seized his left arm and commenced to lacerate it, His gun being emptied, he seized a bowlder, and when the bear began to gnaw his arm, he used the bowlder upon its head. He soon compelled it to desist, and it fell dead at his feet. The Indians immediately recognized his heroic conduct, and called him Captain Strong Arm, or Armstrong." He died about the close of the war of 1812-15, on the Delaware reserve. THOMAS LYONS. When the pioneers of 1808-9 began to settle in what are now known as Green and Mifflin townships, in this county, they found a tall, lean, aged Delaware, by the HISTORY OF ASHLAND COUNTY., OHIO - 131 name of Thomas Lyons. From conversations held with James Cunningham, Peter Kinney, James Copus, Lewis Oliver, and John Coulter, it was learned that Lyons was born in New Jersey, near the Delaware line. It was impossible to gather from him any definite idea of the date of his birth. When interrogated on that subject, his response generally was: "One hundred fifty years." In conversation with others concerning the length of a year, "Tom" considered the winter and the summer each a year. That would make him about seventy-five years of age, in 1810. Most of the settlers, however, concur in the opinion that he was the oldest Indian they had ever met. He was probably near one hundred years old when he left the country. Lyons informed Judge Peter Kinney that he was at the massacre of Wyoming, in 1778. Colonel John Butler, at the head of eleven hundred Mohawks, and a few white tories who had joined the British, entered the lovely valley of Wyoming, in northern Pennsylvania, July 2, 1778. Most of the strong men were then away on distant duty, and families and homes found defenders only in aged men, tender youths, resolute women, and a few trained soldiers and friendly Delawares. These were marched up the valley to drive back the invaders, but the savage Mohawks soon put them to flight, a large portion being slain or made prisoners. A few escaped to a fort near Wilkesbarre, where families for long distances around had fled for safety, The invaders soon appeared before the fort. They were sweeping onward towards the Susquehanna with resistless fury, carrying carnage and death in their train. The night after the battle, the yells of the infuriated savages echoed through the forests, and death seemed impending over the beleagured refugees within the little fort. An agony of suspense rested upon all during the slowly passing hours of that dark and dreary night. Morning came, but contrary to expectations, the leader of the savages (John Butler) appeared near the fort and offered terms of safety to the inmates if they would surrender. The gates were thrown open, and most of the families were permitted to return to their homes. During the day the Mohawks scattered up and down the valley. Before sunset, all the inhabitants were doomed. Scarcely had the shades of night appeared, before their burning dwellings threw a lurid glare over forest and field, and the work of death began. The terrified people fled to the mountains and the forests to escape the hatchet and the scalping knife; but, alas! the red fiends, led by the inhuman Butler, left that fair valley blackened with the ruins and cinders of the homes of the pioneers, while their bodies, scalped and mutilated, were scattered through the forest, to become food for wild beasts. After this dreadful disaster, Tom Lyons and several other friendly Indians fled to their Delaware friends, on the Tuscarawas and the branches of the Mohican. Tom Lyons dwelt among the Moravians some time at Gnaddenhutten, and continued to revisit that favorite spot of the Christian Delawares to the close of his life. When Colonel Crawford invaded the Sandusky country in 1782, Thomas Lyons, Thomas Armstrong, Billy Mon- tour, Thomas Jelloway and a number of the Delawares are believed to have had a village on the Clear fork, about one mile west of the old Lewis block-house, in Richland county. The name of this town was German, and signified clear, light or transparent. It was Hell- town. In German the word "hell" signified light or clear. The name probably originated from some Pennsylvania captive, as the village on the Clear fork or Clear water. Upon the approach of Colonel Crawford, the inhabitants of the village fled, and when his army returned from its disastrous defeat, Armstrong and his associates located a new village called Greentown, on the banks of the Black fork, and the stream was known to the surveyors and early settlers as Armstrong's creek. This village was the home of Lyons, when Andrew Craig, James Copus, the Coulters and Olivers came into the township in 1808–'9–'1 0. It has been asserted that Thomas Lyons was a chief. He was only a warrior. On a few occasions he related his military achievements. He had been in many battles on the border, and taken many scalps. When under the influence of " fire water" he related many acts of extreme cruelty, and a few of his barbarities, inflicted upon the wives and children of the border settlers. Like most of his race, he delighted in the excitements of war, and was easily induced to join his red brethren in their attempt to expel the pale faces from the beautiful hunting grounds of Ohio. When Harmar, St. Clair and Wayne invaded the Indian country of the northwest in 1791-'2-'3-'4, Tom Lyons joined Captain Pipe, Armstrong and other Delaware chiefs in an effort to expel the invaders. On one occasion, while stopping a night with Allen Oliver, father of Lewis and Daniel, in Green township, he gave a very graphic description of the battle of "Fallen Timbers." Lyons, Pipe, Armstrong, Montour, Baptiste Jerome, and other Greentown and Jerometown Indians were in the fight. Lewis Oliver, now eighty-one years of age, relates the conversation thus: Allen Oliver.—"You say you were at the battle with Wayne. What do you think of Wayne as a white chief?" Tom Lyons. " Him be great chief. He be one devil to fight. Me hear his dinner horn—way over there go toot, toot ; then way over here it go toot, toot then way over other side, go toot toot. Then his soldiers run forward—shoot, shoot ; then run among logs and brush. Indians have got to get out and run. Then come Long Knives with pistols and shoot, shoot. Indians run, no stop. Old Tom see too much fight to be trap he run into woods—he run like devil—he keep run till he clear out of danger. Wayne “great fight—brave white chief. He be one devil." Mr. Lewis Oliver states that while "Old Tom" was going through this description of the fight, he gesticulated, grimaced and expressed as much emotion as if he had been in the midst of the battle. In fact, terror was evinced in the whole of the mimic battle he was then fighting over. Add to this the fact that he was perhaps the ugliest Indian ever seen by the border settlers, and some idea of his emotions may be gleaned. Mr. Oliver 132 - HISTORY OF ASHLAND COUNTY, OHIO, thinks he was "about six feet high, quite lean—very like a mummy in the consistence and color of his skin, with a long protruding chin, some missing teeth, short upper lip, a low forehead, a protruding crown, jet eyes, very fierce and piercing, and wore a dress, never very tidy nor clean." This was old "Tom Lyons." The war-like fire of his youth had ceased to blaze. He was now an old man. He had long since given up the idea of driving back the pale faces. At this period, 1811-12, he was quite friendly to the new settlers. He had no wife. His two sons, George and James, occasionally visited the pioneers. George had the reputation of being a cruel and ill-tempered Indian; though he never molested the pioneers. Before the war of 1812, Tom Lyons, as I am informed by Mrs. James Irwin, daughter of Judge Peter Kinney, often came to her father's house in great haste, requesting him to hurry to Greentown and enforce quiet among the Indians, who were quarreling, and evinced an inclination to scalp each other. Mr. Kinney was then a justice of the peace, and was quite an influential man among his red-skinned neighbors. When Captain Douglas and Cunningham removed the Greentown Indians, in the fall of 1812, Tom Lyons accompanied his people to Urbana*. A short time after the removal of the Indians, the Ruffner–Zimmer–Copus murders took place. The Greentown Indians were blamed for that invasion and those wanton assassinations. After the war, a number of Greentown Indians returned and erected cabins on the site of their old village, and continued to hunt for six or eight years. Among these were Tom Lyons, Billy Dowdee, Jonacake, Buckwheat, and others not now recollected. Thomas Lyons visited his old friends in the neighborhood of Greentown, among others, Mrs. James Copus and her children, at the cabin where Mr. Copus had been killed. Mrs. Copus (as I am informed by Mrs. Sarah Vail, now seventy-six years of age, and daughter of Mrs.. Copus,) inquired of Ton-, Lyons whether he was present and helped the Indians kill her husband on that frightful morning. Tom Lyons said he was not; but he knew who did it, but could not help it, as many strange Indians were along. He manifested many regrets over the tragedy; said, he and Mr. Copus were good friends. On that fatal day, the same band passed by Newell's, in Montgomery township, burned his cabin, and early next morning, through Carter's cornfield, to Cuppy's cabin, burned it; then to Fry's, and burned it; and continued on towards Sandusky. Several years after, Tom Lyons explained this adventure to Daniel Carter, sr., who was undisturbed. He stated also, to Martin Mason, who originally had a mill where Leidigh's now stands, that he notified Fry and Cuppy several days before, to leave, which was speedily done, and their families were saved .from torture and death. This singular old Indian continued to hunt in different parts of the county up to about the year 1823. He * Some authorities say Piqua. The latter place was the headquarters of the friendly Shawnees, and possibly of the Jerome and Greentown Delawares. often visited the pioneers on his way to and from Goshen, in Tuscarawas county. He, on several occasions, brought cranberries and a wild turkey which he had shot, to be dressed, stuffed and roasted by Mrs. Copus, after the manner of the whites. She always complied; and when it was done, with many words of gratitude, "old Tom" would bundle it in his deer-skin pouch and proceed on his way to Goshen or to Sandusky, as the case might be. He on several occasions, accompanied by other Indians, stopped at the shop of Solomon Urie, father of Colonel George W. Urie, in Orange township, to have their guns and tomahawks repaired. From there they proceeded to Mason's mill, to obtain meal and other provisions, in exchange for venison. Thence they would proceed to John Bryte's distillery, in Clearcreek, and then strike out through the forest. About the fall of 1822, Lyons visited Mrs. Irwin, in Green township, for the last time. He had a strong attachment for his old friend, Peter Kinney. Almost as soon as he entered the house, he inquired if Mrs. Irwin had recently heard from Judge Kinney, who had removed to Illinois some years before. Mrs. Irwin says the poor old fellow put down his head, and muttered to himself : "My poor friend Kinney, I never see him any more. Peter Kinney was a good friend. Poor Peter Kinney, I never see him any more." After remaining a few hours, the old man departed. That was fifty- eight years ago. She says she never saw the old man again. He always behaved well at their house, and seemed to possess many good traits, although he had been reared amid the wilds of the forest, and among untamed savages. He never fully explained the reason that he received the name of Thomas Lyons. She thinks he had very little, if any, white blood, in his veins. He at one time requested Judge Kinney to go with him to the Wyoming valley, in Pennsylvania, to act as his agent, where he said he owned a large tract of land, for which the Government had never compensated him. But, for some reason, Judge Kinney could not accompany him. At a treaty, in 1814-17, territory six miles south of Upper Sandusky was set apart, as a reservation for the Jerometown and Greentown Indians. A village was built there, called Pipetown, in honor of Captain Pipe, jr., who, in conjunction with Silas Armstrong, son of Captain Thomas Armstrong, was made a half-chief over the remnant of Delawares there located. Thomas Lyons resided at Pipestown, in Marion county, in 1821-22-23, and in company with his son Tom, Billy Dowdee, and other Delawares, often hunted along the Whetstone or Olentangy. The old settlers along those streams, the Sharracks, Beckleys, and others, were often visited by him in their cabin homes. Old Tom was very fond of repeating his war exploits along the Delaware, the Schuylkill, the Wyoming valley and other localities in Pennsylvania, before the removal of the Delawares to the branches of the Mohican, in Ohio. Old Thomas Lyons is believed to have died on this reservation, some time in the winter or spring of 1824. HISTORY OF ASHLAND COUNTY, OHIO - 133 It is now believed that the stories of his assassination by white hunters, are destitute of foundation, and that the old warrior died a natural death. CHRISTIAN FAST, SR. As the full particulars of the capture of Christian Fast, by the Delawares of Sandusky, have never appeared in print, it may be interesting to the pioneers of west Pennsylvania and Ohio to peruse a brief sketch of his life among the red men of the Tymochtee. In the month of June, 1781, an expedition, composed of Indians and Canadians, destined to invade Kentucky, moved from their places of rendezvous at Detroit, the Sandusky, the Miami and the Wabash. The salient point of the campaign was the falls of the Ohio, or Louisville, then containing only a few cabins, and a station for soldiers to protect the scattered settlements of Kentucky against Indian invasion. Colonel George Rogers Clark, the hero of Kaskaskia and St. Vincent, learning that an expedition, composed of British and Indians, was about to invade that region, stationed a small body of troops at the village of Louisville, to intercept the passage of war parties on their way to the interior of Kentucky. His command was soon increased by the arrival of one hundred and fifty Pennsylvanians and Virginians, under the command of Colonel Slaughter. Colonel Archibald Loughery, of Westmoreland county, Pennsylvania, raised a corps of about one hundred men, who volunteered to accompany General Clark on the expedition. These volunteers embarked in boats at Wheeling, and moved down the river, in order to join the troops of General Clark at the falls of the Ohio. On the twenty-fourth of August, Colonel Loughery and his party passed the mouth of the Great Miami river, and soon afterward one of the boats was taken to the Kentucky side of the river, and a number of men, under the command of Captain William Campbell, went ashore for the purpose of cooking and eating some buffalo meat. The river was low, and the boat was fastened near a sand-bar. While on shore, Colonel Loughery's forces were attacked by a large body of Indians, and after a brief resistance the small expedition was forced to surrender. Forty men were killed. Colonel Loughery was made prisoner, tomahawked and scalped. Sixty of his men were captured and taken to Detroit. See Dillon's history of Indiana, pages 173-4. For reasons never fully explained, the British expedition, commanded by Colonel Byrd, on reaching the mouth of the Great Miami, changed its destination; and when the boats conveying his troops, cannon and military stores, arrived on the Ohio river, instead of descending its rapid current, turned up the stream, and ascended the Licking to its forks, where he landed his men and munitions of war. It is probable the destination of Colonel Byrd was changed in consequence of his advanced Indian spies and scouts coming in contact with the forces of Colonel Slaughter in their descent of the Ohio. Some thirty-five or forty miles above the falls, the boats of Colonel Slaughter, which were conveying horses and a few soldiers, became separated from the main body of the expedition in the night. At daylight the advanced boats drove an occasional stake near the shore, and attached written directions thereto, to guide the boats in the rear. The boats thus abandoned being deprived of proper rations for the soldiers, had no alternative but to supply themselves with such game as could be obtained from the forest. Perceiving a buffalo heifer leisurely feeding a short distance from shore, the larger boat was shoved to a shoal and the heifer shot. It Was hastily skinned, a fire was built, and the soldiers proceeded to prepare breakfast. While in the act of cooking the flesh of the heifer, the party was attacked by Indians, who were probably drawn to the spot by the sound of the guns. The frightened soldiers, who had neglected to station pickets, fled to the boat which had been stranded on the shoal, just as the smaller boats were making toward the shore for breakfast. They were unable to shove the boat to the current, and the Indians rushed down the shore firing into the boat, wounding and killing several of the men and horses, All was consternation. Many of the soldiers endeavored to save themselves by leaping overboard and attempting to swim to the opposite side of the river, but, on reaching it, were again fired upon. Among those who fled to the opposite shore was Christian Fast, a youth of about seventeen years of age, who had volunteered as a cavalry-man, from what is now Fayette county, Pennsylvania, then a part of Westmoreland county. Young Fast was an expert swimmer. As the Indians rushed upon the men, he leaped over the opposite side of the horse boat, and struck out boldly for the Kentucky shore, which he reached in safety. Just as he was about to arise from the water and ascend the bank, two or three Indians approached him, saying: "Come on, brother, we will use you well, at the same time reaching out their hands in token of friendship. Knowing the savage character of the red man, he doubted their pacific intentions, and speedily turning about, started for the middle of the river. He had scarcely got in motion, when they commenced to fire after him, a ball passing so near his head that it stunned him for a moment, by its concussion in the water, while another ball passed through the fleshy part of his thigh, making a painful wound, notwithstanding which, he, succeeded in reaching the center of the river. On reaching the main current, he found the boats had floated some distance from the stranded one from which he had fled, and he resolved to swim after and overtake a small horse boat which was a few rods in the rear of the rest. After a vigorous exertion, aided by the current and a shower of bullets from shore, he reached the boat just as she surrendered. The Indians boarded it at 134 - HISTORY OF ASHLAND COUNTY, OHIO. once, and the prisoners were taken on shore, and the plunder secured. After the prisoners had been deprived of all means of defence, the savages proceeded to strip them of such wearing apparel as they desired. In fact, the majority of the captives were left almost nude. The military suits with which the soldiers were clothed were deemed a God-send to these children of the forest. The appearance of the captives was most distressing; nevertheless resistance would have been rewarded with a cruel, lingering death by torture. When the exulting savages had secured such plunder as they could carry away, it was put up in bundles and their new prisoners were compelled to pack it. The whole party proceeded through the forest in the direction of Upper Sandusky. The level lands along the Ohio and the Miami, at that season, abounded in rank, almost impenetrable, weeds, briars and nettles. The journey was a severe ordeal. Young Fast was small, had hair as black as a raven, dark eyes, and a swarthy skin; was exceedingly agile, and very slim and straight. His appearance pleased the Indians, and an old Delaware claimed him as his prisoner. The leader of the band was old Thomas Lyons. On the route to Upper Sandusky, which was principally up the Great Miami until they reached the portage, the poor prisoners endured many hardships and cruelties. Having been deprived of their clothing, the nettles, briars, weeds and undergrowth made fearful havoc with their uncovered bodies, so much so, that on one occasion, after they had been some hours in the forest, young Fast put down his head and refused to proceed, telling his Indian master to tomahawk him. The old warrior took pity on him, and returned most of his clothing. His wound was becoming quite painful. The old warrior assisted in dressing it until it healed, After the war party had been two or three days in the forest, the Indians built a camp-fire and cleared a spot for a dance. The prisoners were all tied so as to prevent their escape. The savages engaged in the dance with much spirit, singing, hopping, leaping, brandishing their tomahawks and scalping knives, and grimacing in a most frightful manner. Their music was a sort of wail, between a shout and a moan, while a kind of time was beaten on a brass kettle by a warrior. When the Indian dance had ended, the. prisoners, one by one, were untied and requested to give an exhibition of their agility. With bodies torn and bruised, half famished for want of food, wearied with the journey, and almost nude, they endeavored to comply, knowing that a refusal would incur the hate and severity of their savage masters. When the time came for young Fast to dance, he felt it impossible to do so, in consequence of his painful wound, but fearing to incur the censure and vengeance of the warriors, he said to his comrades : " Boys, I can't dance and run on my feet, but I can run on my hands." So, limping into the ring, when the Indian music began, he proceeded a few steps, and then springing upon his hands, he elevated his feet, and commenced a sort of bear dance, accompanied by sundry singular manoeuvres on his hands, turning an occasional somersault, and yelling like an Indian ! At first the savages seemed amazed at his performances, but soon began to applaud by the most uproarious laughter and shouts, some of them actually rolling on the ground in their merriment. After he had passed around the ring in this gymnastic manner, several of the warriors who had been most delighted with his antics, put their hands on the ground and desired him to "do so more." He pointed to his wound and refused, saying, he was " too lame." His singular vivacity and good nature captivated the Indians, and from that time on, he was the hero of the party, and was no longer tied at night. On reaching the Shawnee towns on the Great Miami, the prisoners were compelled to run the gauntlet for the amusement of the old Shawnees, the squaws and youth. Several of the prisoners were severely beaten. A man by the name of Baker, a silversmith by trade, from Westmoreland county, Pennsylvania, was beaten almost to death. In his desperation, he ran past the council- house two or three times, being blinded by the blows and fright, and was about to sink, when a friendly voice directed him to enter the door. He did so and was spared. When this performance was going on, the old warrior who had young Fast in charge, shoved him back among the Indians, and he did not have to undergo the punishment of the gauntlet. When the party arrived at Upper Sandusky, the prisoners were again compelled to undergo the ordeal of running the gauntlet, They were all handled very severely, but none of them were killed. Young Fast was again excused from the gauntlet by his Indian master. His wound, by this time, had nearly healed. The surviving prisoners soon recruited from their fatigue, and were exchanged at Pittsburgh, and on the Muskingum. Young Fast was retained, and adopted into an old Delaware family, in lieu of a son who had lost his life in a border skirmish. His hair was plucked out in the usual manner, leaving a small scalp-lock about the crown; his white blood was all washed away; his ears and the cartilage of his nose were perforated, and brooches placed therein. After this, he was dressed in Indian costume, his hair roached up, and tilled with gaudy feathers. Being taken to the council-house, he was regularly indoctrinated as the son of the tribe. He received the name of Mo-lun-the, and was taken to the cabin, or wigwam, of his new parents. Young Fast resided on the banks of the Tymochtee about two years. He was treated very kindly by his Indian mother. He had an Indian brother, by the name of Ke-was-sa, to whom he became much attached. They often hunted coon and other game. On one occasion, Ke-was-sa invited young Fast to accompany him to hunt .bear. After traveling some distance in the forest, they discovered evidences of the ascent of a bear up a large elm, which was hollow near the top. After trying some time, in vain, to rouse the bear from its retreat, it was proposed that a tree, which stood at a proper distance from the elm, should be felled, in such a man- HISTORY OF ASHLAND COUNTY, OHIO - 135 ner as to lean against the elm, to enable young Fast to climb to the hole, and smoke bruin out with punk and rotten wood. The tree was cut, and fell against the elm. Young Fast, being expert in climbing, ascended it to the proposed point, and commenced operations with a view of smoking bruin into a surrender. Kewassa placed himself in a position, gun in hand, where he could welcome the bear, on its appearance, to a smell of powder. Young Fast lighted the dry tinder and threw it into the hole, but bruin failed to make his appearance. While engaged in this fruitless enterprise, a strong breeze struck the leaning tree, and it fell to the ground. Here was a dilemma. Young Fast was some forty feet from the ground, on a large elm. He could not grasp his arms around it, so as to safely descend. Kewassa was alarmed for his safety. There could be no help, for the only tree in the vicinity had been cut. After gazing at young Fast some time, without being able to offer assistance, he hastened to the camp, several miles away, expecting that his new brother would be dashed to pieces. Taking in the situation at a glance, young Fast concluded that he only hazarded his life by remaining where he was; and the attempt to descend could result in nothing more than death, but might terminate in safety. Summoning all his strength, he grasped the rough bark with his hands, at the same time making good use of his feet and legs, and commenced the descent, moving cautiously, until he came within fifteen or eighteen feet of the ground, when his strength so far failed him, that he was compelled to relax his grip and slid down, mangling his hands, and the inside of his arms and legs badly. On reaching the ground he was considerably stunned, but soon revived and started for the camp, where he arrived amidst the grief of his Indian mother and brother, who had given him up as lost. On one occasion, after he had been a captive over a year, when all the warriors were absent from the village, his Indian mother having also left the camp for a short time, he became very melancholy. Thoughts of home stole upon him. He left the wigwam and proceeded a short distance into the forest, and seating himself upon a log, soon became absorbed in meditation. While thus musing, he was interrupted by a stranger, who suddenly appeared and confronted him. Discovering his embarrassment and dejection, the stranger said in the Delaware language : "Ah, young man, what are you thinking about ?" Fast.—"I am alone, and have no company, and feel very lonesome." Stranger.—" That is not it, you are thinking of home. Be a good boy and you shall see your home again." After some further conversation, he learned that the stranger was none other than that terror of the pioneers, the renegade, Simon Girty. Young Fast afterward became well acquainted with Girty, and was the recipient of many favors at his hands. In fact, Girty's assurance that he would again see his home in Pennsylvania, greatly revived his drooping spirits and led him to believe that Girty, though often denounced by the pioneers as a vil lain, a demon in human shape, was not destitute of sympathy and kindness, though associating with the fierce red men of the northwest. During the campaign of Colonel William Crawford, which ended so disastrously, Mr. Fast was with the Delawares on the Tymochtee. Captain Pipe and Wingenund, leading Delaware chiefs, resided, when in their villages, in that region of Ohio. After the rout of Crawford's army, when the Colonel was brought back a prisoner, Mr. Fast was present and saw him. He was in hearing distance when the Delawares tortured the Colonel, and could hear his groans. He was so much affected that he left the spot in company with his Indian brother and mother. Mr. Fast, in his lifetime, often related incidents connected with the unfortunate expedition of poor Crawford. As they have been repeated by Dr. Knight, Sqover, and Heckewelder, it is unnecessary to narrate them here. Shortly after the execution of Crawford, Mr. Fast was urged to marry a young squaw, a daughter of an Indian family of some distinction. He was then about nineteen years of age. It was a question of much delicacy, and required a good deal of tact to repel the proposal in such manner as to avoid offence. When the subject was again seriously pressed upon his attention, he intimated he was only a boy, and was too young to marry. The Delawares were greatly amused at his modesty, and his reason for refusing. He added as a further objection, that no man should marry until he had become a good hunter, and could provide meat. Not being the owner of a gun, it would be impossible for him to supply the quantity of game required for food. Moreover, he thought he could not get along without a cow, an essential to every person designing to marry, As soon as these could be procured he would gladly consent. He professed much admiration for the young squaws, and intimated he could easily select a wife from among them, if his terms could be met. It was agreed his ideas were correct, and that he should accompany the first expedition to the settlements along the Ohio, and the first gun captured should be his, and on returning he should be permitted to bring back a cow. In August, 1782, there was a grand council at Chillicothe, on or near the Great Miami, in which the Wyandots, Delawares, Ottawas, Mingoes, Shawnees, Miamis and Pottawatomies participated. Simon Girty, Elliott and McKee were present, and addressed the assembled warriors. The council resolved to raise two armies, one of six hundred men, and the other of three hundred and fifty, the larger to march into Kentucky, and the smaller into western Virginia and Pennsylvania. By the last of August, the greater army appeared under the lead of Simon Girty, at Bryant's station, in the territory of Kentucky. The story is narrated in all the histories of Kentucky. The Indian forces destined to operate against the border settlements of Virginia and Pennsylvania, delayed their march until a runner brought tidings of success from Kentucky. Some four hundred fierce warriors assembled on the Sandusky, and were armed and equipped by the agents of the British. The warriors were dressed 136 - HISTORY OF ASHLAND COUNTY, OHIO. and painted in the most fantastic manner, their hair, being gathered in a sort of cue and drawn through a tin tube, was ornamented by colored hawk or eagle quills. With scalping knives, tomahawks and guns, they presented a formidable appearance, For many days and nights before the expedition started, their wild orgies echoed through the forests. Speeches, dances, and the like, accompanied by threats of extermination against the white race, were common. Young Fast was painted in true warrior style, his hair being put up in a cue and drawn through a tin tube, and ornamented with feathers. He was furnished a tomahawk, scalping-knife; and bow, and told he might accompany the expedition. Before departing, he buried, in a secure place, his fancy brooches and other ornaments of silver, so that if he ever returned he could reclaim them. The expedition passed down the old Wyandot trail through what are now Crawford, Richland and Ashland counties, by Mohican Johnstown ; thence near the ruins of the Moravain towns on the Tuscarawas. Arriving at that point, a difference of opinion arose as to the exact destination of the expedition. After some consultation in council, as the expedition to Kentucky was proving successful, it was decided that the Indian army should proceed to and attack the small fort or block-house at what is now the city of Wheeling, West Virginia. On the approach of the Indian army, the expedition was discovered by John Lynn, a noted spy and frontier hunter, who was scouting through the forests and watching the Indian paths west of the Ohio. He hastened to the stockade and gave the alarm. The stockade had no regular garrison, and had to be defended exclusively by the settlers who sought security within its walls. On the arrival of Lynn, all retired within the stockade, except a family of Zanes; and when the attack began, there were but about twenty efficient men to oppose nearly four hundred savages, led on by Simon Girty. . The Indian army soon crossed the Ohio river, and approached the stockade waving British colors. An immediate surrender was demanded. Colonel Silas Zane responded by firing at the flag borne by the savages. The assault was commenced by the Indians, and kept up briskly for three days and nights, but each attack was successfully repelled by the little garrison. While the men within were constantly engaged in firing at the enemy, the women moulded bullets, loaded and handed guns to the men, and by this means every assault was repulsed. The galling fire poured upon the savages exasperated them to madness. In the night they attempted to burn Zane's house, from which they had suffered most, but through the vigilance of Sam, a colored man, their intentions were thwarted. On the return of light, on the second day, the savages, after some delay, renewed the siege. A wooden cannon, loaded with balls captured from a small boat on its way to the falls of the Ohio, was pointed towards the stockade, and, amid the yells of the infuriated Indians, discharged. They expected to see a section of the -stockade blown to splinters, and an opening for the warriors created. The cannon exploded, and the fragments flew in every direction. Several of the warriors were wounded and a number killed, and all were appalled at the result. Recovering from their dismay, and being furious from disappointment, they again pressed to the assault with renewed energy. They were as often repelled by the deadly aim of the little garrison, and forced to retire. The achievements of Elizabeth Zane, on this occasion, are matters of history, and too well known to require repetition in this article. The third day the siege was renewed with terrible ferocity; but every attempt to storm the fort was success fully resisted. In the afternoon, despairing of success, the Indians resolved to change their programme. About one hundred warriors remained to annoy the stockade, lay waste the country, and scour the neighboring settlements. The balance of the army crossed the Ohio, and made a feint of returning to Sandusky, but the next morning re-crossed the river above the stockade, and divided into two parties, and hastened towards the settlements about Fort Rice, some forty miles away, in what is now Washington county, Pennsylvania; On the third night of the siege, learning of the departure of a part of the Indian army, and presuming the savages were about to invade his old home, young Fast resolved, if possible, to effect his escape. Late in the night, while reposing beside his Indian brother on his blanket, on the ground, the memory of his home and dear friends came fresh to his recollection, and knowing the whole settlement was imperiled by the approach of his savage companions, intent on revenge and blood, he could not sleep. Ka-wa-sa, his Indian brother, wearied with the exertions of a three days' siege, slept soundly. Knowing the nature of an Indian, when profoundly slumbering, young Fast attempted to awaken his Indian brother, stating that he was very thirsty and desired him to go with him to the river for water. He refused to rise, • telling Molunthe to wait until morning. Permitting his brother to return to his state of stupor for some time, he again made an effort to arouse him, insisting that he could not wait, but must have water. The Indian, having full confidence in young Fast, as a brother, told him to go himself, as no one would harm him. He was but too happy to comply. Taking a small copper kettle, he hastened to the river bank and placed the kettle in a position that might imply that he had fallen into the stream, been drowned and floated down the current. Then carefully wending his way through the Indian lines, he proceeded across the hills and valleys in the direction of Fort Rice, on Buffalo creek, some fifteen or twenty miles from his old home. He groped his way among rocks, down declivities and across small. streams, sometimes falling headlong down the embankments, and about daylight became exhausted from fatigue and want of food, and was compelled to seek repose at the base of a steep bluff, in a thicket of undergrowth; and while resting there, could distinctly hear the passing warriors conversing. A short distance hence the trail divided. Carefully concealing himself until all the warriors passed, he again proceeded in the direction of the fort, HISTORY OF ASHLAND COUNTY, OHIO - 137 taking a ridge midway between the trails. By a vigorous exertion he got in advance of the savages, and when within about two miles of the fort, he discovered a white man approaching with a bridle and halter in his hand. Springing behind a large tree, he waited until the settler arrived within a few feet of his concealment, when he stepped into the path and confronted him. The white man was taken by surprise and trembled with fear, and was about to flee for life, when the supposed warrior addressed him in English, briefly informing him who he was, where he was going, the approach of the warriors and the danger that environed the settlement. Calmed by the assurances of present safety, the white man caught his horses, which were near, and he and young Fast mounted and hastened to the fort and spread the alarm, and succeeded in gathering the settlers in the vicinity into it before the savages appeared. The fort consisted of a strong block-house, surrounded by several cabins of the settlers. When all the men were gathered in, there were only six. The savages approached with much assurance, and offering to spare all the prisoners, it the little band would surrender. Young Fast assured the inmates that the cold steel of the tomahawk would be the price of such an indiscretion, Their proffers of safety were not accepted. A fierce assault at once commenced. The siege was kept up all day and night ; but the little fort held out. Several of the savages were wounded, and the warriors finally despairing of success, suddenly withdrew and spread among the scattered settlements in detached parties, burning houses, and shooting cattle and hogs. They had probably learned the approach of Colonel Swearinger with relief for Wheeling, that was yet beleaguered by the red fiends. After the retirement of the savages, young Fast hastened to his old home, painted and dressed as an Indian warrior. On arriving at the cabin of his parents in what is now Fayette county, he so nearly resembled a wild Indian warrior of the wilderness that his parents were unable to distinguish him. Indeed, they were much alarmed at his presence, fearing he was a genuine savage acting as a decoy. He attempted to calm their fears by assuring them, in their own tongue, that his name was Fast, and that he was really their own son ! At length his mother, recalling some peculiarity about the pupils of his eyes, and some spots on his breast, recognized him, and rushing forward to embrace him in her arms, was told not to do so, as he was covered with vermin from the Indian camps. The tube in which his scalp-lock was enclosed was removed, and he repaired to an out-building where his infected garments were taken off and burned. Soap and water soon removed the encrusted paint and soil from his person, when he was presented with a clean suit of clothes, which restored him to his status as a white man. The joy of his parents on his safe return home, scarcely knew bounds. A full detail of his adventures was given, and often repeated to inquiring friends. On arriving at manhood, Mr. Fast located in Dunker township, Greene county, Pennsylvania, where he married, and remained until the spring of 1815, when he removed with his family to what is now Orange township, Ashland county, Ohio, and settled about half a mile southeast of the Vermillion lakes. When Mr. Fast and family arrived at the lakes, he found a number of Indians encamped near where he subsequently erected a cabin. He built a fire and his wife proceeded to prepare supper, surrounded by a dense forest. While in the act of cooking, their little company was alarmed by the appearance of eight or ten Indians, headed by an old warrior who was extremely ugly, shriveled in flesh, and ferocious in appearance. They had just discovered their new neighbors, and came to see who they were. On approaching within a few feet of Mr. Fast and his children, who were seated on a log near where Mrs. Fast was preparing supper, the old Indian looked steadfastly at Mr. Fast for a moment, and then rushing forward exclaimed, Molunthe! at the same time offering his hand in token of friendship. The old warrior was Thomas Lyons, who was present at the capture of Mr. Fast, on the Ohio, some thirty-five years prior to that time, and was along with the expedition to Wheeling when his favorite young warrior, Molunthe, made his escape. The Indians had never suspected him of desertion, but had always believed he had, in the darkness, fallen into the river and drowned. On finding him here alive, "old Tom," manifested much gratification, and gave many tokens of a friendship that remained very cordial up to 1822, the last appearance of the Delawares in this region. During the ensuing seven years, the Delawares often encamped in the vicinity, regarding Mr. Fast and family as of their tribe. They frequently went into his cabin in the evening and danced after the Delaware manner, making rude music by pounding on a stool and singing, while the dancers hopped about the room, flourishing their scalping-knives, shouting and keeping time to the music. In the fall of 1819, old Thomas Lyons and a party of Delawares had a feast, on what is now known as the John Freeborn farm, southwest of Savannah, to which Mr. Fast and his sons were invited. Being unable to be present, his sons Nicholas and Francis, aged respectively twenty-five and fifteen, attended. The feast was in their camp. There were present some fifty or sixty Indians, and no whites, except the Fasts. A large black bear had been roasted and boiled. The body being roasted, was cut into small slices, and handed around on new bark plates. The head and feet, unskinned, were boiled in a copper kettle, and a sort of soup made therefrom, which was handed around in wooden ladles. Nicholas and Francis partook, courteously, with the Indians. The roast was elegant, but the soup was not relished. At the conclusion of the feast, Lyons insisted on painting Francis, Indian fashion. The boy readily submitted, for the fun of the thing. "Old Tom" laid on a good coat of vermillion, which gave him the appearance of a young Indian. The paint was so adhesive that, when he returned home, he was unable to remove for a long time; and was afterwards known as "Indian Frank." Billy Montour, Jim Jirk, Monos, Jona- 138 - HISTORY OF ASHLAND COUNTY, OHIO. cake, Georgeand Jim Lyons, Buckwheat, Billy Dowdee, Captain George, and other well-known Delawares, were at the feast. Christian Fast had nine sons, Jacob, Martin, William, Nicholas, David, Francis, George, Christian, and John ; and four daughters, Margaret, Barbara, Isabel, and Christena. Jacob, aged 84, William 78, and George 65, remain in Orange township. Christian Fast, sr,, died, at his farm in Orange township, in 1849, GEORGE AND ELIZABETH FOULKS. About the year 1774, the parents of George Foulks located in the midst of the dense forest in the northwest corner of what is now Washington county, Pennsylvania, near the Ohio river. The family of Mr. Foulks consisted of three boys and two or three girls, He was quite poor, and had ventured to improve his fortunes amid the dangers surrounding the border settlers. He had lived some years in the city of Philadelphia, where most of his children were born, When he moved to his new home, the Delaware and Wyandot Indians visited that region in great numbers in search of game. The colonies had been greatly oppressed by Great Britain, and were just on the verge of a revolt. Her agents and traders were busy in alienating and exciting the savages against the rebel inhabitants of the colonies, as they were then denominated. It was the custom of many of the settlers of that region, in the spring of the year, to cross the Ohio—which there runs nearly west for many miles—in canoes, to make sugar on the fine bottoms. John, George and Elizabeth Foulks, aged respectively nineteen, six and seventeen years, crossed the river in company with their father and erected a neat camp house of small poles, and a furnace, in which they placed kettles to boil sap.* After tapping a large number of sugar trees, Mr. Foulks recrossed the river to his cabin, leaving John, Elizabeth, and George to gather and boil the sugar water. This was early in March, 1777. After they had been thus engaged several days, one evening about nine o'clock, while the moon was shining brightly, the camp-house was approached by five or six Wyandot Indians, well armed. They had been attracted by the camp-fire. When they arrived within a short distance of the camp John Foulks discovered their approach, and judging the visit to be hostile, fled in the direction of the Ohio river, where he hoped to cross in a canoe left near the north bank of that stream, leaving his little sister and brother to the mercy of the savages. The Indians followed him with . a dog, and he had fled but a short distance, when they * George Foulks never became a citizen of this county. Two or three of his brothers settled in Richland county, one Jacob Foulks in Clearcreek, now Ashland county. We insert this sketch that the reader may learn the trials and actual condition of this territory from 1781 to 1795. This Castleman family located in the north part of Richland county, and the last of the girls (Mrs. Stoner) died in Clearcreek township, in this county, in 1874. George Foulks was born in Philadelphia, December 4, 1769. overtook him, and insisted on his surrender and return; but continuing to retreat, several of the warriors discharged their guns after him, and he was mortally wounded, fell, and soon expired. His scalp was taken, and they hastily returned to the camp, where George and Elizabeth had been taken without resistance. The Indians hastily entered the forest in a westerly direction, ordering Elizabeth and George, in broken English, to follow. They were much terrified, but complied promptly. They traveled some miles, when their prisoners were secured, and all slept on the leaves. Early the next morning, the Indians arose, and broiled slices of venison, on which all breakfasted, and continued their flight nearly west all day, and again slept as they had done before. During their progress through the forest, they *crossed a number of small streams on logs or poles. While crossing one, some three feet deep, an Indian who walked behind George, in sport, pushed him off the log, and he was thoroughly saturated. At this, the Indians all laughed heartily. George refrained from showing temper, but resolved to retaliate the first opportunity. The next day they came to another stream somewhat more swollen, and had to cross it on a log. The Indian who had pushed him in the day before, pointed to the log, desiring him to lead again. George refused the honor of leading, and fell in behind the Indian. They had gone about half over, when George caught the belt of the Indian, and giving him a sudden twitch, the savage fell into the stream nearly neck deep. He waded out, venting all sorts of threats and imprecations on George for his temerity. The Indian was thoroughly soaked, and his comrades gave vent to the most uproarious merriment over the incident, This calmed the fury of the enraged Indian, and changed his revenge to admiration. The little captive was regarded from that time with favor, and as much tenderness as if he were a real Indian. They traveled a little southwest until they reached the old trail which passed near the present site of Wooster, to a village then known as Mohican Johnstown, near the present site of Jeromeville, in Ashland county. They were several days in reaching this point, and being unaccustomed to the Indian mode of preparing food, which consisted almost wholly of venison, without salt, bread, or even parched corn, the prisoners were very hungry. They remained at Mohican Johnstown several days, and then continued along the trail in a northwest direction across what is now Ashland and Richland counties to Snipestown, an Indian village near the present site of Rome. Here they found a large number of Wyandots who rejoiced at the success of the captors, who proved to be of that nation or tribe. Here the scalp halloo was given, as at Mohican Johnstown, but at neither place were they required to run the gauntlet.* They remained at Snipestown some days. This village was named after a leading warrior and chief who resided there, and was much esteemed by his people. From this village they continued along the old trail to * The chief, Captain Snipe, was very active in the removal of the Moravians in 1781 from the Tuscarawas. See Heckewelder's narrative of Indian missions. HISTORY OF ASHLAND COUNTY, OHIO - 139 Upper Sandusky, the principal town and headquarters of the Wyandot warriors. When they came in sight of the village, the scalp halloo was again given, and large numbers sallied out to meet the warriors. George was again spared the pain of running the gauntlet. He was given to an old squaw who had some time before lost a son on an excursion to the Pennsylvania border. She was the reputed mother of seven sons, all brave warriors and noted among the Wyandots. His sister was claimed by another warrior, and was given to an Indian family in Lower Sandusky to be taught the manners and duties of a squaw. George remained at Upper Sandusky with his new mother, who treated him with much tenderness. He attracted a good deal of attention, and soon formed an acquaintance with the Indian youths of his village. He was clothed and habited in all respects as an Indian, and soon learned to talk their language, and became accustomed to their mode of preparing food, and their bark wigwams or huts. He was taught the use of the bow—their gymnastic exercises wrestling—foot-racing—playing ball and other sports, and soon became contented with his new mode of life. He occasionally met his sister, who was equally fortunate in securing a good Indian mother, who did not require her to perform all the drudgery of a common squaw. It was the custom of the Wyandots, in the spring of the year, to scatter to various points in the forest, in small bands, to make sugar. The first year or two after George had been captured, he was required to assist in gathering the sap in small bark buckets to be evaporated in brass and copper kettles by the squaws. Never relishing hard work, he disliked his new vocation. The water was caught in bark vessels prepared for the purpose, and when it flowed freely, the task of gathering it was quite laborious. After worrying several days in a vain effort to keep pace with the flow of sap, George conceived a plan of relieving a portion of his toil. When he emptied the vessels, he slightly perforated the bottom and a large share of the sap escaped. In this way his toil was reduced, to the confusion of the squaws, who were unable to penetrate the mystery. A discovery of his trick would have resulted in many stripes; but fortunately, the difficulty was not solved. The following autumn the Indian mother and father of George, and a number of Wyandots were encamped near Snipestown. An incident occurred that made a very strong impression upon' George. It was this: The Indians brought in a white boy who had been captured on the borders of Pennsylvania. The poor little captive was offered to an Indian woman whose son had been killed by the "Long Knives," in lieu of her child. She scornfully rejected the proposition, declaring "Me no take white rebel for my son." Upon consultation, the little boy was ordered to be executed, and the time and place fixed. Sometime in the afternoon, on the day prior to the time appointed, George and a number of Indian boys were playing a little distance from his mother's hut. She called him to her and told him the white boy was to be killed the next morning, and he should not be so merry. This reproof arrested his sport. His sympathies were deeply moved. The next morning the captive was bound to a log to be slain. At this time, a number of Delawares were encamped not a great distance from Snipestown. They somehow learned the Wyandots had determined to execute the rejected prisoner, and a warrior conceived the idea of rescuing him. He hurrried into the Wyandot camp, and coming to the place where the prisoner was bound, struck the cords by which he was fettered, with his tomahawk, and severing them, carried off the boy, to the astonishment of the Wyandots. The boy afterwards escaped and returned to his friends. When George reached the proper age, he was adopted after the manner of the Wyandots, passing through all their ceremonies, and was given an Indian name, Ha-enye-ha, or my brother, which he retained. During the period of his indoctrination into Indian customs, modes of hunting and fishing, he often accompanied his Indian parents and other members of the tribe through the north part of what are now Richland, Ashland and Wayne counties; and sometimes nearly to Beaver county, Pennsylvania, during which excursions he learned the names of the streams, all the good camping points, the best springs and the principal resorts of game. In fact, he became a thorough woodsman, an accomplished hunter, and an Indian in taste, dress and habits. Snipestown was a favorite Indian village, and he spent a large share of his captivity there, occasionally visiting Upper and Lower Sandusky and Cranestown with the warriors and hunters. Many times during his captivity the Indians suffered for food. After the hunting seasons, when they had plenty of venison and hominy, bear's oil and sugar, they lived extravagantly. For many weeks their chief occupation was visiting, dancing and feasting, which continued until their stores of provisions were consumed. At this point, the hunters and warriors were compelled to sally forth to renew their stores of venison and bear's meat. On many occasions George and his Indian mother were so nearly starved that they were compelled to gather the old bones about their wigwam, crack and reboil them for soup, after they had been bleaching in the sun and air for many months. These messes were, to him, very savory, and quite a luxury, at such periods, The Indian women were very industrious, and hoed the corn, chopped the wood, did all the cooking, built the camp fires, and, in fact, were literally slaves for their red-skinned lords. They made sugar in the spring, fried out the bear's oil, jerked the venison and buffalo meat, pounded and prepared the hominy and parched corn* for the haughty warriors. Towards the close of the Revolutionary war George often accompanied the warriors to the borders, but was always very reticent about the mischief done during those excursions. In fact, he had been so thoroughly indoctrinated in Indian secresy, that very little, if anything, could be learned of him concerning the warlike expeditions of the Wyandots. He was at several Indian consultations at Cranestown, some four miles north of the present site of Upper Sandusky. He there met the 140 - HISTORY OF ASHLAND COUNTY, OHIO. noted Simon Girty and several British agents. Their council-house was of bark, and was seventy-five or one hundred feet long and perhaps twenty feet wide. Tarhe, or as he was sometimes called, King Crane, was rising into influence and power as a chief among the Wyandots. He there met many other chiefs and warriors, and learned the particulars of the capture and execution of Colonel William Crawford by the Delawares, being, himself, too young to witness that battle. When he was about twenty years of age, he obtained a sort of furlough to hunt in the east, near the Ohio river, and stealthily visited his old home. He was then a complete Indian, in dress, language and manners ; and loved the nomadic life of his people. His parents offered every motive for his return to civilized life, but in vain. He determined to return to the home of the red man. This was in the fall of 1786, He had then been with the Indians about twelve years. In 1789-90 active hostilities were carried on between the Indians and the settlers in West Pennsylvania, Virginia, and Kentucky, It is believed that George Foulks accompanied the Wyandots and Delawares against Harmar and St. Clair, though he was always silent on the subject. In 1790 the Wyandots were very anxious on the subject of war then approaching. They feared the "Long Knives"—Sarayumigh, would prevail. One of their prophets or medicine men, took a lot of charcoal, and pounding it into a sort of powder, placed it upon a piece of bark, and then drew a rude map of the country, its rivers, lakes, Indian trails, and the probable route of the invaders, They then took a flint and steel and fired a piece of punk and applied it to the points where Harmar and his army would be most apt to attack the Indian territory. The fire gradually spread from the point ignited. The Indians watched it attentively. When the charcoal ceased to burn, the Indians formed into a double file and simultaneously fired their guns. After which they stood quietly watching a dark cloud that was floating over. In a few seconds, the sound of their guns was distinctly heard in the clouds. The Indians regarded this as a good omen and shouted over the result, stating that the white warriors would not succeed that year. They at once began to prepare for war. The result is too well known for repetition. Disaster met the frontier soldiers at every point. About the year 1788, George Foulks was persuaded to marry a Wyandot woman, and fully identify himself with the fortunes of his people. He had two children by his Wyandot wife; but, like Jonathan Alder, finally tired of the Indian mode of living. His people were so frequently involved in war with the whites that there was great danger of final extermination. Looking the whole field over, he concluded to abandon the Wyandots and return to civilized life. The Wyandot warriors discovered by his manner that something was wrong, and watched his motions closely. The real difficulty was, the Indians insisted that he should become a real warrior, and accompany them against St. Clair and Wayne. He declined to do so, and slyly departing from his wigwam, took the most direct route for his old home in Washington county, Pennsylvania. The warriors soon discovered his desertion, and several of them took the trail and gave chase. Suspecting this, he traveled with the utmost speed, and when about exhausted, and likely to be overtaken in crossing a principal stream on the route, he concealed himself beneath driftwood, thrusting all but his head under the water. While in this retreat, several of the warriors walked on the drift, and gave utterance to their indignation, saying they would punish him severely if they caught him, for the perfidy of deserting his tribe. The sound of their voices gradually died away and all became quiet. He cautiously emerged, and finding the warriors had disappeared, proceeded on his way, and finally reached his old home in safety. He was soon noticed by Brady, Sprott, McConnell and other scouts in the government employ, and had some adventures. He did not enter very zealously, however, the field against the Wyandots. He had always been treated by them as if he had been born amongst them, and was a real Indian. After the battle of Fallen Timbers, and peace had been declared, the Wyandots frequently returned Lo hunt, fish, and sell their peltry in the city of Pittsburgh. After his return home he married a daughter of Henry Ullery, and located near the present site of the village of Darlington, in Beaver county, Pennsylvania. Shortly after he located, he was requested by a Mr. Castleman to go to Upper Sandusky and rescue his daughters from captivity. Two daughters of Mr. Castleman, Mary, aged thirteen, and Margaret, aged nine, had been captured in a sugar camp near the banks of the Ohio river some years prior to the proposed rescue. The Indians had taken the captive girls to Greentown, on the Black fork, and sold the youngest to an English trader by the name of McIntosh, while Mary was taken to Upper Sandusky and adopted. Margaret was taken to Detroit, sent to school, and finally, through the traders, returned to her parents. Mary married a half-breed named Abram Williams, by whom she had two children, George and Sally. Williams loved fire-water, and, when under its influence, was jealous and very cruel to his wife. He often threatened to tomahawk her. Regarding her life as being in peril, she managed to convey word of her whereabouts to her parents, through the traders, who often visited Pittsburgh. George Foulks consented to attempt to rescue her from her perilous situation. He passed, alone, through the dense forests, up the well-worn Indian trails to Upper Sandusky, where he met Williams, and proposed to take his wife home on a visit. Williams became angry and threatened to scalp Foulks if he attempted such an enterprise. Foulks desisted from further interviews with Williams. From his long residence with the Wyandots, he had many confidential friends among the warriors, He, therefore, resorted to stratagem. He proposed to an old Indian if he would secretly take Mary away, he would give him a barrel of whiskey and a lot of trinkets. After some parleying, the Indian consented—the "fire-water" was so tempting he could not resist. The warrior, in company with Mrs, Williams, left the village without exciting sus- HISTORY. OF ASHLAND COUNTY, OHIO - 141 picion, and passed down the old Wyandot trail which ran very near the present site of Olivesburgh to Jerometown, while Foulks remained one day and then proceeded by a circuitous route to reach the same place. On arriving near Jerometown he gave a signal, and the Indian and Mrs. Williams joined him in the forest. He had arranged with a trader for the whiskey and trinkets for the Indian upon his return. Foulks and Mrs. Williams continued along the trail near the present site of Wooster, and safely reached the residence of Castleman, in Washington county, Pennsylvania. Mrs. Williams regretted very much to leave her children, but an attempt to take them along would have proved fatal. She never met them again. Sally grew up and married a famous hunter by the name of Solomon Jonacake, who was well known to the pioneers of Ashland and Richland counties. This was the last Indian exploit of George Foulks. Some time after this, his Indian wife and two children are reported to have visited him in Beaver county, to induce him to return to the Wyandots. He declined to do so; but visited Pittsburgh and purchased a number of blankets and such other articles as would be useful in their wigwam, and presented them to the squaw with a horse to bear them to their home on the Sandusky, which she accepted and never returned. Mr. Foulks had a fine mill near Darlington, and afterwards became quite wealthy. He was a man of fine native abilities, and was often spoken of as a suitable person to be elected to the legislature or to fill any of the county offices, He, however, refused to accept any office, and steadily continued in business. During his captivity, he passed over the most valuable parts of what is now Richland county, and became acquainted with all the good agricultural locations. After the war of 1812, when the lands, in what is now Blooming-grove township, came into market, he entered eight or ten quarter sections, and induced his father-in-law, Mr. Ullery, to invest largely in lands. About the year 1830, Henry and George, sons of George Foulks, located near Rome, in Richland county. He had several daughters, some of whom yet survive. Jacob and William, brothers of George Foulks, also located in Blooming-grove. Jacob resided two or three miles northwest of Olivesburgh. George Foulks died in Beaver county, Pennsylvania, July 10, 1840, aged seventy-one years, and sleeps quietly in the cemetery near Darlington, where he lived many years, an influential and reputable citizen. Mrs. Foulks died at the residence of one of her sons in Richland county some years after his decease. It may be interesting to the reader to learn the history of Elizabeth Foulks, who was captured with George, on the banks of the Ohio river. As before stated, she was taken to Lower Sandusky, where she was adopted by a kind squaw. As she grew to womanhood she became acquainted with a young man by the name of James Whittaker, who had been captured by the Wyandots when a child, in Virginia, and adopted by them. All his friends were killed. He had lost nearly all recollection of his parentage, and had become thoroughly initiated among the Indians, and had no desire to leave them. Whittaker became much attached to Elizabeth, and she to him. They were finally married after the Wyandot custom. Whittaker became an influential trader and interpreter among the Indians. On one occasion a number of Cherokee, Shawnee, and Wyandot warriors captured an emigrant boat on the Ohio river with a number of pioneers, among whom were a Mr. Skyles and Johnston, with one or two others who were brought to Upper Sandusky. A French trader, M. Duchonquet, purchased Johnson of the Indians, and Skyles finally escaped. A few days afterwards, the Cherokees appeared with a Miss Flemming, who had been captured at the same time, and made preparations for her execution. The French trader took an interest in the fate of Miss Flemming, and invited Whittaker to accompany him to the Cherokee camp. He did so, and Miss Flemming recognized him as an old acquaintance. Whittaker had often visited, with the Indian hunters, her father's tavern near Pittsburgh. He was, therefore, very desirous of aiding her. Miss Flemming implored him to save her from death by torture, which was then impending. Whittaker tried to induce the Cherokees to release her for a consideration. They sternly refused. Whittaker determined to have Tarhe or King Crane, who was then the great Wyandot chief, intervene. Tarhe was at Detroit, and Whittaker took a small boat and hastened to see him. When he landed, Tarhe, with deep interest, heard his story, Whittaker said Miss Flemming was his sister, and was about to be killed by torture. He asked Tarhe to interfere for her rescue. The chief admitted that the enterprise was humane, and at once started for Sandusky and hastened to the Cherokee camp. The Cherokees were inflexible, and would not consent to release the prisoner, and heaped upon Tarhe charges of cowardice for interfering. The chief retaliated on the Cherokees for the inhuman attempt to torture a woman, and withdrew. The Cherokees were alarmed, and determined to kill their prisoner without delay. She was striped of her clothing, tied to a stake, and faggots placed around her, and left to suffer the horrors of impending death, She was to be burned early the next morning. Tarhe expected this, and to avert the tragedy took a number of young warriors, and at midnight entered the Cherokee camp. He found Miss Flemming tied to a stake, painted black and in a state of insensibility, moaning over her condition. Tarhe at once released her from her painful situation, re-clothed her and set her at liberty. An Indian whoop was then given, when the Cherokees were awakened and hurried to the spot. Tarhe told them he had rescued the prisoner, and that by the laws of conquest she was his property. Tarhe's warriors were the most numerous, and the Cherokees quietly admitted that he had the advantage. They then expressed a willingness to accept the offer of the day before—six hundred silver brooches. Tarhe consented and by the aid of the traders, furished the brooches, and Miss Flemming, clothed as a squaw, was returned to her parents at Pittsburgh by two faithful Wyandot warriors. 142 - HISTORY OF ASHLAND COUNTY, OHIO. Mr. and Mrs. Whittaker were employed as interpreters at the treaties of 1814-17 and at several other interviews between the whites and Indians. They are often mentioned for their humane acts by the Wyandots and Delawares. They remained in the Indian country about Malden, Detroit and Upper Sandusky long after the war of 1812. They had several children, sons and daughters. Some thirty years since a Miss Whittaker, daughter of Elizabeth, visited an uncle (Jacob Foulks) near Olivesburgh, and is said to have been a young lady of good education and fine address. The relatives treated her kindly and her visit was a pleasant one. Whittaker and his wife died many years since at Lower Sandusky, and their descendants are presumed to have gone west with the civilized Wyandots in 1842-3. Such is the story of George and Elizabeth Foulks, as we have been able to glean from his acquaintances in Beaver county, Pennsylvania, and elsewhere. The larger part of the narrative was obtained from Mrs. Robert Starr, formerly of Washington county, Pennsylvania, now a resident of Blooming-grove township, Richland county, Ohio, two miles west of the village of Lafayette, and aged about eighty-seven years. Her mind is quite clear. She was intimately acquainted with Mr. Foulks in his lifetime, and has heard him repeat the story of his adventures a great many times. Mr. Foulks also related many hunting exploits, the outlines of which bave escaped recollection. All in all, he was an extraordinary character—a bold woodsman—a thrifty business man and a noted pioneer. GENERAL REASIN BEALL, A sketch of his life was originally published in the Wooster Democrat, March 9, 1843, and which gives a good many interesting items of history. We republish it entire. "To render the tribute of approbation to the merit and worth of departed friends, and indulge in expressions of regret at the bereavement we experience in their death, has, in some form or other, been a custom from the earliest ages. Independent of the incentive to noble actions which such a practice holds forth to the minds of youth, there is, on the part of those who may be called to the performance of the service, a kind of pleasing melancholy, which almost seems for the time to bring them again into the society of the friend whose final exit it is their misfortune to deplore. "General Reasin Beall, who died at Wooster, Ohio, on the twentieth day of February, 1843, was born in Montgomery county, in the State of Maryland, on the. third of December, 1769, and a few years thereafter accompanied his parents to Washington county, in the State of Pennsylvania, where they made a permanent settlement. The exact time of this settlement is not known, but it must have been some years before 1782, for in that year the father, Major Zephaniah Beall, was an officer in the unfortunate campaign made by a body of volunteer militia from western Pennsylvania, under the command of Colonel Crawford, against the Indians of Upper Sandusky. " At the age of fourteen years, Mr. Beall entered the office of the Hon. Thomas Scott, at one time a member of Congress, a gentleman of considerable note in the public affairs of Pennsylvania, and then prothonotary of Washington county. With that gentleman he remained until he was twenty-one years of age, and on quitting his employ, received the most flattering testimonials of good conduct. "The privations and sufferings which were experienced by the hardy and intrepid pioneers who first undertook to tame the forests west of the Alleghany mountains, has no parallel in anything of the kind that has ever existed. Favored with no government aid or protection, and without roads, other than such as they opened by their individual efforts, they had to scale a rugged mountain wilderness, of more than a hundred miles in extent ; and when arrived on the western waters they, for a long time, had to subsist mainly by the chase. But this was not all; the treaty of peace, which acknowledged American independence, brought no peace to them. The Indian nations, who espoused the cause of the British during the war, were not content to desist from their depredations upon the western settlements, and such was the inefficiency of the government under the confederation, that it was not until the new organization under the present constitution, that measures were taken to repel their incursions. In 1790 an expedition was fitted out, and• marched against the Indians on the heads of the two Miamis. The command of this corps was given to General Harman Mr. Beall served in the expedition as an officer in the quartermaster's department, and was with the army when a severe action was fought between a detachment under Colonel Harden and the Indians near Fort Wayne, in 1791. That expedition having failed of its object, the troops returned to the Ohio river, near to where the city of Cincinnati now stands, and Mr. Beall returned to his friends in Pennsylvania. "Subsequently to this, General St. Clair marched a second force on the same route, and unfortunately met with an entire defeat. These repeated disasters' determined the government to put forth all its energies in order to secure peace by the chastisement of the savages. On General Wayne's being appointed to the command of the northwestern army, Mr. Beall received a commission as ensign ; and after some time spent in the recruiting service, repaired to headquarters, then at Legionville, on the north bank of the Ohio, near the site of the present town of Economy, in Beaver county, Pennsylvania. It was in the campaign which succeeded that Mr. Beall became acquainted with General, then Captain, Harrison, the late lamented President of the United States; an acquaintance in which the mutual friendship of the parties seemed to be increased rather than diminished by separation and time. "Mr. Beall remained with the army until some time in the year 1793, when he resigned and returned to his friends in Pennsylvania to consummate a matrimonial engagement of long standing. Soon after his return, he HISTORY OF ASHLAND COUNTY, OHIO - 143 married his late wife, then Miss Rebecca Johnston, and with whom he continued to live in the enjoyment of the greatest connubial happiness, until her death, which happened in the latter part of 1840. To tie many excellent qualities and Christian virtues of that estimable lady he was, no doubt, much indebted for those Christian impressions which softened the death-bed pillow, and served as an effectual solace to his mind when looking to an eternal separation from all things here below. "Like many enterprising men of his age, Mr. Beall fell in with the current of emigration which has constantly set to the west, and, consequently, several times changed his place of residence. In 1801 he removed with his family from Pennsylvania and settled for a short time in Steubenville, from which place he removed, in the fall of 1803, to New Lisbon, where he remained until 1815, in which year he removed to his late residence near Wooster. "On his settlement at New Lisbon he received the appointment of clerk of the supreme and common pleas courts, which offices he held nearly the whole time he remained in the county, Although Mr, Beall had served but a few years in the regular army, it was sufficient to give his mind a military bias, and, previous to the late war, he took much pains to infuse into the militia of his county a military spirit, confidently anticipating that the difficulties then existing between this country and England would ultimately end in war. Soon after his settlement at New Lisbon he was chosen colonel of a regiment (being at that time the entire militia of the county), and, in a few years thereafter, a brigadier general. The war of 1812 found him in that capacity. On the surrender of General Hull at Detroit, a general panic seized upon the people of the sparsely settled counties to the west of Columbiana, and many were inclined to abandon their homes and seek places of greater safety. In this state of things all eyes were turned to General Beall for relief, and, to his great honor be it said, they were not in the least disappointed. Immediately on the receipt of the unwelcome news, which was communicated to him by express from Canton, he set about the organization of a detachment, and, in a very few days put himself at the head of several hundred men, and marched to the support of the frontier inhabitants of Wayne and Richland counties, and, ultimately, 'continued his route to Camp Huron, where he joined the troops from the Western Reserve, under General Wadsworth and General Perkins. At that place they were visited by General Harrison, the commander-in-chief, who attended in person to the reorganization of the corps, and, as the whole was not more than sufficient for a brigade, the command devolved on General Perkins as the senior officer. After this General Beall returned home, with the consolation of having done a good service by the promptitude of his march, which was a means of inspiring confidence among the people almost ready to surrender all hope of protection. Those who have never witnessed scenes like these can form a very imperfect idea of the difficulties which surround those who undertake to ward off such evils as were then impending. A frontier of more than a hundred miles was perfectly defenceless, abounding with all the facilities for an attack by a savage foe. Not a single company of government troops in the State; and no means either in money, provisions, or munitions of war within the reach or control of any officer who was called to the field. In the spring of 1813, President Madison issued his proclamation for a special session of Congress, and the seat for the northern district being vacant by the death of Mr. Edwards, the member elect, General Beall was, at a special election, chosen to fill the vacancy. He served in Congress during that and the succeeding session, assisting to the full extent of his abilities, in providing ways and means for a vigorous prosecution of the war, then rendered extremely difficult by the prevalence of a reckless party spirit in various portions of the country. But a congressional life did not suit his taste. He was naturally of a domestic turn of Mind, and he longed to rid himself of a trust which compelled him to a separation, for so large a portion of his time, from his family. The office of register of land office for the Wooster land district becoming vacant in 1814, General Beall was appointed, and resigned his seat in Congress, and in the following year removed to his late residence in the vicinity of Wooster. The office of register he resigned in 1824, when he retired from all public employ ment. But he was not permitted so to remain. At the great Whig mass convention at Columbus on the twenty-second of February, 1840, he was chosen to preside over its deliberations, and was afterwards chosen one of the electors of President and Vice-President, and had the honor as well as the pleasure of casting his vote in that capacity, for his old friend and military associate, General Harrison. No incident of his life seemed to give him so much pleasure as this; and with an ardent hope that in the performance of this last trust, confided to him by his fellow citizens, a foundation was laid for the lasting prosperity of his country, he considered his account closed with the public forever. How illusory are all earthly prospects and how vain are all human hopes." ALEXANDER FINLEY. Alexander Finley was born in Hartford county, Maryland, in the year 177o, of Scotch-Irish parents. His father was descended from one of seven brothers who emigrated to the north of Ireland during "King William's war," They subsequently emigrated to the State of New Jersey, from whence one of the brothers migrated to Hartford county, in the State of Maryland, about a century and a half ago. Here Alexander Finley was born. He attended the schools of his native county, and obtained a knowledge of the English branches. Upon reaching manhood, he located in Green county, Pennsylvania, where he married Miss Mary Smith, a relative of the Hon. Resolve Smith, president of the first bank organized in Philadelphia, In the fall of 1803, he emigrated, with his little family, to Fairfield county, Ohio, then including the counties of what are now Licking, 144 - HISTORY OF ASHLAND COUNTY, OHIO. Knox, Richland and Ashland, and stopped the winter of 1803-4 in the cabin of Thomas Bell Patterson, on the present site of Mount Vernon. In the spring of 1804, he erected a cabin, about half a mile northwest of Mr. Patterson, on what is now the Fredericktown road, and resided there until April, 1809. On the fifteenth of April, 1809, he landed on the west bank of the Lake fork of Mohican, on the present site of Tylertown, where he quartered a few months in a camp cabin. In May, Benjamin Bunn and family, William and Thomas Eagle and family arrived. These were the settlers in what is now Mohican township, in 1809. When Mr, Finley arrived, he was soon visited by the Indians of what was then known as Jerometown, a village on the Jerome fork of the Mohican, some five miles northwest of his cabin. The inhabitants of the Indian village were generally friendly. Mr. James Finley, of Marquand, Madison county, Missouri, from whom was obtained these particulars, says: "As near as I can recollect, the Indian village contained perhaps about thirty bark and pole huts or wigwams. The names of the heads of families were, Aweepsah, Oppetete, Catotawa, Neshohawa, Buckanddohee, Shias, Ground-squirrel, Buckwheat, Philip Canonicut, and sometimes Thomas Lyons, Billy Montour, and Thomas Jelloway." The chief, Captain Pipe (Hobacon), resided some distance from the village. "He was a tall, dark, scowling old Indian, and seemed hostile to the whites. I seldom saw him. He did not associate with the whites of the neighborhood; but did his trading abroad. I learned that he and Armstrong, of Green- town, often made expeditions to attack emigrants on the Ohio river, on their way to Kentucky." " John Jerry Bettis Jerome had a cabin on the present site of Jeromeville, near the stream, when we moved to the country. He had been a trader among the Indians seventeen years in the northwest, and was a Frenchman; and, like most of the traders of that nation, married a squaw. He had a daughter ten years old, named Aweepsah. He had cleared some twenty-five or thirty acres—had horses, cattle and hogs, and often entertained the pioneers. After the declaration of war, his wife and daughter accompanied the Jerometown Indians to Piqua, where they died. Jerome sold his land and married a German woman, and removed to the mouth of Huron, on the lake, where he died some years afterward." In 1809 the region along the Lake and Jerome forks of Mohican, was an unbroken forest. Jerome, and Benjamin Mills, who resided on the present site of Wooster, as Mr. Finley supposes, were the only white people in that part of Wayne county. He became quite intimate with Jerome, and exchanged many articles of food with him, and was indebted to him for many acts of friendship. The Indian village was about one mile southwest of Jerome's cabin, and surrounded on three sides by almost impenetrable marshes, filled with alder and other swamp growths. The emigrants of 1810-11, state, "that the wigwams or huts were scattered over a space of eight or ten acres, with the undergrowth cut away, and a smooth play-ground in the center, which was much used as a bowling ground. Here the hunters and warriors amused themselves. The council house was located northwest of the village, and was some twenty-five feet wide and fifty feet long, covered with clapboards and bark. It was of poles and split timber." Years before the arrival of Mr. Finley, this village was conspicuous in the annals of the border wars. It was located near the ancient trail leading from Pittsburgh to Upper Sandusky, and many trembling captives ran the gauntlet in passing through it, on their way to the Indian towns in the northwest. This was the headquarters of those warriors of the Wolf tribe that still followed the fortunes of Captain Pipe. At that period, the Greentown Indians seemed quite intimate with the Jerometown branch of the Delawares, and often associated with them in celebrating their feasts. In 1810, Mr. Finley was joined by Vachel and William Metcalf, Thomas and Joshua Oram, Benjamin and John Mackerel, James and Joseph Conelly, Elisha Chilcote, John Shinnabarger, and their families. When the war of 1812 came, and the Indians commenced hostile demonstrations, Mr. Finley, and some of his neighbors, forted in Wooster. In 1813, he joined families and forted with his neighbor, John Shinnabarger, who had a strong cabin with port holes, one mile northwest of the present site of Tylertown. Save the affair at Colyer's, elsewhere alluded to, the settlement remained undisturbed. James Finley relates a number of amusing incidents connected with the flight of the pioneers to Wooster, and other places of safety. After proceeding some distance along a circuitous path, with his family, his father remembered that he had left some young calves in pens, and, fearing they would starve, returned to let them to the cows, and then attempted to pass straight through the forest to Wooster, eleven miles away, but soon became confused, and was out three days before he got to the fort, his family, in the meantime, arriving safely. At the same time, a neighbor, Mr. Jacob Lybarger, rolled his infant daughter in a small bed and took it on his back, proceeding rapidly on his way, followed by his wife, through the forests by narrow Indian trails. From the speed made by her husband, Mrs. Lybarger supposed the danger very imminent. Calling to her husband, who was some distance in advance, she said: "Jake—Jake, are you afraid?" He promptly responded, "No," and they hurried forward in the narrow path. In his flight, he dropped the infant, and his wife, coming up in haste, stumbled over it, acclaiming: "Jake, Jake, you need not tell me you are not afraid, for you have lost Maria out of the bed, and you didn't know it." The little daughter was speedily replaced, survived the war, and, upon arriving at womanhood, became the wife of the late Justus S. Weatherbee. After the close of the war, Mr. Finley continued to reside on his farm until December, 1825, when he deceased, aged about fifty-nine years. During the early part of his residence on the Lake fork, it was navigable for small craft to the present site of Tylertown, known Finley's bridge, where a structure of that sort spans t stream. Here the pioneers landed, making their way b HISTORY OF ASHLAND COUNTY, OHIO - 145 forest paths to Orange, Montgomery, Perry, Vermillion and Mohican townships. His family consisted of James, Benjamin, John, Hannah, Sarah, Abner, Rachel, Elizabeth, and Mary. James resides in Madison county, Missouri; Benjamin and John are deceased; Hannah (widow Glenn,) resides in Urbana, Illinois; Sarah, wife of Daniel Pocock, resides near Hayesville; Abner lives near Plympton, Holmes county, Ohio; Rachel, wife of Sparks Bird, near Mohicanville, Ashland county, Ohio; Elizabeth, wife of James Pocock, in Hayesville, Ohio; Mary, wife of Elijah Pocock, died near Hayesville. Mrs. Mary Finley, wife of Alexander Finley, deceased March 23, 1856, aged about seventy-nine years. MINE LA-MOTTE, April 10, 1876. George W. Hill, Esq.: I was absent when your letter arrived, which accounts for not being answered sooner. Jerome settled on Mohican. When we came to the country, he was living at Jerometown, in a small cabin, a short distance from the Indian houses. He cultivated some six or eight acres of land, kept -a few horses, cattle, and swine. He and the Indians did not get along well. They wished him to divide the products of his farm with them. This he refused to do, and the consequence was, when they gut bad whiskey they whipped him. He built a cabin near the trail, on the east side of the stream, at the foot of Main street, in the present village of Jeromeville, having bought the land where Jeromeville now stands, where he kept a house of entertainment. In 1812, when the Indians were removed, he said he gave his squaw the privilege of going or staying with him. She chose to go with the Indians. He afterwards married a white woman. He sold his farm to Mr. Deardorff, and settled at Huron, in Huron county, and shortly after died. He commenced trading with the Indians when seventeen years old; hrlt how long he conlinued a trader, I do not know. He was with the 1ndians in Wayne's campaign, but whether he was with them in Harmar's and St. Clair's, I do not know. The Indians did not have much cleared land. I never saw their field, but it was situated out of sight of the village. I think they had only a few small patches. The cleared land around the village was a lawn, well set with blue grass, and contained an occasional tree and a few shrubs--perhaps amounting to eight or ten acres. I was in the village during the residence of the Indians, some three or four times. It consisted of some fine cabins, about sixteen by eighteen feet, one story high, and a number of smaller huts or wigwams. The council house, I thiUk, was a temporary building, built lodge fashion. I do not recollect of having seen it. I saw the wigwam of Captain Pipe. It was within the cleared space of the village. I have no recollection of wife or children. He appeared to be upwards of fifty years old. Was a tall, dark, and straight Indian. I never talked with him, perhaps father did, but I think not much, as Pipe was a surly, unrelenting enemy of the whites, and had little intercourse with them. I think he left early in the slimmer of 1812. I have no knowledge of Captain Pipe, jr. The Captain Pipe, jr., of Greentown, of whom you speak, must have been some other Pipe- -perhaps a son. I know that the Captain l'ipe I describe resided in Jeromrtown in the years 1809-10-11. I believe there were more Captain Pipes than one. I think Jerome said the Indians had been on Mohican about ten or twelve years previous to the white' settlement; but of this I am not positive.' Very respectfully, yours, JAMES FINLEY. * The above is a letter from James Finley, in answer to one addressed him by the author, on the subject of the Indian settlement at Jerome- town, asking him to be more definite concerning Jerome and Captain • Pipe. It seems that Jerome had at frrst a cabin in or near the Indian village, but in consequence of bad whiskey, failed to agree with his red brethren. Mr. Finley remembers the wigwam of old Captain Pipe, but fails to recollect his wife or children. It is probable that Pipe lived alone. Captain Pipe, jr., of Greentown, was undoubtedly his son. WILLIAM AND THOMAS EAGLE. The following sketch was written by Dr. Thomas A. Eagle, jr., of Macon City, Missouri, in reply to a letter making certain inquiries concerning the first settlers of Mohican. It differs, in some degree, from the recollection of others, but, from his standpoint is, no doubt, reliable. He places the location of the Eagles in 1810. They were, undoubtedly, in Mohican in May, 1809. The forts alluded to were, probably, the Buren or Metcalf, and Shinabarger block-houses, and stockade. "The whites commenced their first settlement in Mohican township in the spring of 1810. In that spring four families emigrated and settled in the rich and fertile valley of the Mohican. The first settlement was made on the west side of the stream, generally from one-half to one mile from it. Alexander Finley and family were the first emigrants. They arrived about two weeks before the families of Thomas Eagle and my father, William Eagle, who were met and cordially welcomed by Mr. Finley. Mr. Finley and family brought with them, for the use of father and family, a bucket of butter-milk and a fine corn-pone, which was quite a treat, and thankfully received. This was their first meeting and acquaintance. It was very pleasant and cordial, and ripened into an attachment that grew stronger from day to day, and was never chilled by jealousies or broils. Their limited means, dangers, and dependence upon each other, had the effect to cement the friendship. Their families imbibed the same feeling, and, to-day, the descendants of these pioneers look back to their childhood days, on the banks of the Mohican, with feelings of delight. Surrounded by dangers and enured to hardships, they learned to think for themselves, and acquired courage to accomplish the task they had undertaken, It was no place for faint hearts or irresolution, They were forty miles from the settlements and in the midst of red men, who generally treated them kindly until the war of 1812. The first settlers were, religiously, of the Methodists and Presbyterians. The Finleys and Eagles were exemplary members, and their children became members of one or the other of these churches. My father, William Eagle, remained in Mohican township, on the farm on which he settled, until the spring of 1855, when he removed to Iowa, and from thence to Missouri, and died in Kirksville, aged seventy-six years. "In the winter of 1862 my mother died in her ninety- second year. 'They were natives of Virginia. They had seven children four are dead, and three living: one, Elizabeth Culbertson, resides in Iowa—She was the first white child born in Mohican, February 20, 1811—Mary Montgomery, wife of Jonathan Montgomery, of Macon, Missouri, and myself. "The Delaware Indians inhabited Mohican at the time of the opening of the war of 1812, and were regarded as hostile and treacherous. At that time the white settlers had become pretty numerous, and were much annoyed at the presence of the Indians. The alarms were frequent, sometimes well founded, and at others false. When the murders on the Black fork took place, by the Indians, the inhabitants of the Jerome 146 - HISTORY OF ASHLAND COUNTY, OHIO. fork erected two block-houses, one a few hundred yards north of my father's house (William Eagle), and one two miles north. The one north was known as the Hellar block-house. When it looked threatening, the settlers sought safety in the block-houses and stockades. The Indians were tampered by a Frenchman by the name of Jerome, who was married to a squaw. He had been trading with them several years, and had a post at what is now Jeromeville. The place was named after him. During the Indian troubles it was agreed that there should be no shooting at the block-houses unless in case of alarm, for the benefit of those at work on their improvements. Late one afternoon the citzens heard shooting at Hellar's block-house. They hastened to depart to General Beall's army at Wooster, as it was thought impracticable to reach the fort, Father, with his family, started. Mother Eagle was sick in bed, unable to travel on foot. Sometimes she was held on a horse, and at others carried on the route. My oldest sister (Mary) was then a small child, and also had to be carried. When they arrived at the Mohican, the canoe was on the opposite side. Mr. Finley had arrived and crossed, and concealed his family on the opposite side of the stream, supposing that the fleeing families were Indians in pursuit of him. Finding it impossible to cross, father went down the stream and the family secreted south of what is now Finley's bridge, for the night. I have often heard father relate this adventure while my childish fears were aroused. The family were not molested, and reached their destination in safety. "After the close of the war, the settlers of Mohican were compelled to undergo many privations. For several years they had to go thirty or forty miles to mill, on pack-horses, following the Indian trails as best they could, or in canoes, down the Lake fork of Mohican and up Owl creek to Shrimplin's mill, and by-paths to Apple creek, in Wayne county. Some may conclude that the first settlers would be gloomy and despondent. Such was not the fact. Amidst toil and dangers they would have their sport. On one occasion, when there was an alarm, it was thought the Indians were approaching. The citizens convened at James Colyer's, about one mile east of the Mohican. In the night they heard a noise which they imagined to be the Indians. In great haste, each seized his gun and took position to be ready for the bloody contest; but one of their number, on attempting to place the guards, was found to be missing. The missing youth had professed great anxiety to meet the vage foe. Search was made, and the brave (?) boy was found secreted beneath a bed, half frightened out of his wits; when asked what he was doing, he said he was in search of the short gun. The gun was noted for its extreme shortness, and the brave young man was afterwards known as the "short gun hero." As for myself, I was born April 5, 1819, in Mohican township. Read medicine in Ashland, under George W. How, M. D. I practiced several years in Mohican, Iowa, one year in California, two years in Fairfield, and in 1857 moved to Macon county, Missouri. I made, that year, the first "free soil" speech ever made in the county, for which my life was threatened. In 1864 I was elected to the legislature for two years, and re-elected in 1866, and served four years. In 1868 I was elected sheriff and county collector for two years. Since that time I have been engaged in the practice of medicine. I was the youngest of the family of William Eagle." THE COULTERS. Thomas Coulter was born August 9, 1766, in the State of New York. His father, John Coulter, was a native of Ireland, and came to America when a youth, and married Abigail Parshall, a native of the State of New York. His paternal ancestors, therefore, were Scotch-Irish, and those on his mother's side were Hollanders, and were among the early settlers of New Amsterdam. The home of John Coulter and his wife, after leaving New York, was near Sunbury, Northumberland county, Pennsylvania, but in a short time they were driven thence by the Indians, at the time of the Wyoming massacre (1779), their house and grain being consumed by fire and their cattle driven away by the Indians and tories. The father of Tom Jelloway, since a Greentown Indian, was then living in the Wyoming valley, and, being friendly to the whites, warned them of their danger ; and among the number saved was the Coulter family. As soon as the perils of the times were over they turned their faces toward the West, and made a home near Ginger Hill, in Washington county, Pennsylvania. In 1788, Thomas Coulter, and his father, John Coulter, took a cargo of flour, fruit, etc., down the Ohio river to Maysville, then Limestone, Kentucky, where they disposed of their load. While there, they were both attacked with small-pox, which proved fatal to the father. After Thomas was sufficiently recovered, he started for home, on foot, having previously sold the boat. One day, as he was pursuing "his solitary way," he was overtaken by the notorious renegade, Simon Girty, armed with all the weapons peculiar to the savage Senecas, with whom he then lived as an adopted member of the tribe. Mr. Coulter knew him, and not relishing or desiring his company, resolved to get rid of him by stratagem, Under some slight pretext he stepped behind Girty, cocked his rifle, and told him if he moved either to the right or left, or offered any resistance whatever, he would be a dead man. Girty was taken by surprise, and obeyed orders ; and they marched all that day along the paths through an unbroken wilderness, until they reached a settlement, when Mr. Coulter gladly gave up his prisoner, Some time after his return he joined a volunteer company under Colonel Morgan, and went to White River, Indiana, to aid in subduing the Indians who were committing depredations upon the white inhabitants of the frontier settlements in Kentucky. After an absence of a few months he again returned borne, and in a short time married Miss Nancy Tannahill, the marriage occurring August, 1789. In 1797 he moved to Butler county, Pennsylvania, where HISTORY OF ASHLAND COUNTY, OHIO - 47 he remained until about the year 1806, when he settled in Jefferson county, Ohio. After remaining there a few years he finally emigrated to Richland county, then a part of Knox county, and settled near the present site of Perrysville, in Ashland county. The town of Perrysville was laid out by Thomas Coulter, June 10, 1813, with the intention of naming it Coulterville ; but after Perry's victory on Lake Erie, he changed his intention, and called the village Perrysville, in honor of the naval achievement of Commodore Perry. When Richland county was organized, he was appointed one of the associate judges by the general assembly of Ohio, Mr. Coulter was a member of the Presbyterian church of Perrysville, and one of the first elders. He died as he lived—a consistent Christian, and zealous for the growth and prosperity of the church of his choice. He died October 24, 1844, and was buried in Perrysville cemetery, aged nearly seventy-nine years. He was the father of seven children, viz.: John, Rachel, Abigail, David, Melzer, Nancy, and Thomas. John Coulter was born September 13, 1790, in Washington county, Pennsylvania, and was the oldest son of Judge Thomas Coulter. His education was obtained principally in the common schools of the time. He frequently spoke in the highest terms of one of his teachers, the Rev. Mr. McMillen, one of the pioneers of Presbyterianism in western Pennsylvania, and particularly in Washington county. Among the pupils of this good man was Rev. John Coulter, brother of Judge Coulter, who was pastor of the church of Concord, in the presbytery of Butler, more than forty years. Also, of Walter Lowrie, of blessed memory. John Coulter came to Richland, then a part of Knox county, in the fall of 1810, in company with Edward Haley, a young man employed by Judge Coulter to accompany him, They began their labors upon a farm a little southeast of the present site of Perrysville, in October, and continued their work until they had made several thousand rails, built a cabin, cleared out ten acres of ground, set out fruit trees, etc., after which they returned to their homes in Jefferson county, Ohio. In the following spring, 1811, John Coulter, and the rest of his father's family, removed to the cabin in the wilderness which had been erected the fall before. This cabin afterwards became the Coulter block-house, and, while used as such, John Coulter acted as one of the scouts to watch the proceed, ings of the Indians. Early in the fall of 1812 he went with a surveying party to open a road from Cleve and to Mansfield. This road is now known as the Harrisville and Cleveland road, and passes through the own of Ashland. On Saturday evening, after having, commenced the survey, they had reached Chippewa lake, in Medina county, and were encamped for the night. Mr. McArthur, one of the commissioners to locate the road, was also captain of an independent company, and while there a messenger rode into camp with orders for Captain McArthur's company to return immediately to Cleveland, at the same time bringing the news of the surrender of General Hull at Detroit, this being the first intimation they had of the event, although it oc curred on the sixteenth of August, 1812, some weeks prior to the survey. The surveying party was, therefore, disbanded, a part of which returned to Cleveland, and a part to the Black fork of the Mohican. Every one of the few settlements they passed on their way home was deserted, the cabins standing silent and tenantless. How their hearts must have sunk within them when they thought of the possible fate of their loved ones. But when they reached the block-house they found the several families of the settlers gathered there for safety, and learned that the Zimmer family had been murdered by the Greentown, or other Indians, the night before. While they were encamped at Chippewa lake, they heard the noise of chopping on the other side, and, as they afterward found the Harris settlement deserted, from which they supposed the noise to proceed, Mr. Coulter was strongly of the opinion that the Indians who killed the Zimmers were encamped there. The details concerning the great flight to the block-houses at Clinton's, Lewis', Beam's, Oliver's, Coulter's, Jerome's, Priest's, Eagle's, and Metcalf's, are given in the sketch of the war of 1812, where Mr. Coulter's experiences are referred to. In the fall of 1813 Mr. Coulter and Captain Ebenezer Rice took the job of continuing the survey and opening of the same road, from Trickle's cabin, the late location of the Markley brick residence, just east of Ashland, to the Black fork. While thus employed, Mr. Coulter killed a large black wolf. After the completion of the contract, early in the year 1814, Captain Rice walked to Chillicothe to receive the money, ninety dollars, which was due them, also, four dollars which the law of Ohio allowed for each wolf scalp. On the seventh of April, 1814, John Coulter was married by Rev. James Scott, a Presbyterian minister of Mount Vernon, to Betsey Rice, eldest daughter of Captain Ebenezer Rice. In September, 1814, the young couple moved to their own home, a cabin on a quarter of land which joined Captain Rice's. In the summer of 1815, Mrs. Coulter taught the first school in Green township, and, we believe, in what is now Ashland county, and took spinning and weaving as her pay for tuition, She said it was a great accommodation to her, as she did not understand spinning and weaving as well as teaching. Mrs. Coulter (Betsey Rice) was born January 27, 1797, in New Salem, Worcester township, Hampshire county, Massachusetts. She came with her father's family, Captain Ebenezer Rice, to Newark, Licking county, Ohio, in 1810, and, in February, 1811, he settled near the present site of Perrysville, in Ashland county, then part of Knox county. Mrs, Coulter is now (1878) a resident of Congress, Wayne county, and although far advanced in years, possesses perfectly all her mental faculties and a fair degree of physical force. In June, 1814, John Coulter and his brother-in-law, James Moore, descended the Black fork, Walhonding, and Muskingum, in a canoe, to Zanesville, on a shopping expedition; and from the bill of goods we learn that six small dinner plates cost one dollar and fifty cents; six cups and saucers, one dollar and seventy-five cents; an earthen teapot, one dollar and twenty-five cents; a little 148 - HISTORY OF ASHLAND COUNTY, OHIO. blue creamer (still in existence), sixty-two and one-half cents, etc., etc. In the spring of 1815 he and David Hill went in a canoe to the mouth of Owl creek, to one of Johnny Appleseed's nurseries, and brought up five hundred apple trees, which produced excellent fruit. Mr. Coulter was a man of sterling intergity, sound judgment, warm and true in his friendships; and in consequence of these qualities the people often honored him with office. When the project of erecting the new county of Vermillion was agitated, Mr. Coulter was sent to Coplumbus some two or three sessions of the legislature, to work up the claims of the new county. He afterwards served on the State board of equalization for real estate, and was the first assessor of personal property of the eastern half of Richland county, and was the first coroner. He was twice elected justice of the peace in Green township, Ashland county, and twice in Washington township, Richland county, besides to many minor offices, all the duties of which he discharged with fidelity and honor. In November, 1817, he and his wife united with the Methodist Episcopal church, under the ministry of Rev. John Sommerville, and Mrs. Coulter and their eldest child, Rumina, were baptized the same day. A few years afterward they united with the Presbyterian church, in communion and fellowship of which they walked together until the death of Mr. Coulter, which occurred in Perrysville, October 2, 1873. He had reached the ripe old age of eighty-two years and seventeen days, and had lived with the wife of his youth nearly sixty years. The purity of his acts certified to the sincerity of his professions, and his long and busy life closed calmly and peacefully. His grave is made in Perrysville, where he spent the strength of his early manhood. Mr. Coulter was the father of ten children, only four of whom survive, viz.: C. C. Coulter, of Perrysville, Captain J. N. Coulter, of Glidden, Carroll county, Iowa, Elizabeth R., wife of A. D. Zimmerman, of Shreve, Wayne county, Ohio, and Nancy L., wife of Rev. Franklin Eddy, of Congress, Wayne county, Ohio. The names of the deceased are: Cyrenius M., Rumina, wife of Dr. J. H. Register, Sebastian C., and Martha R., all buried at Perrysville, and Lucina, wife of David Ewing, of Hayesville, Martin Van Buren, who died at Miliken's Bend, Louisiana, in the One Hundred and 'Twentieth Ohio volunteer infantry, in 1863.* JOSEPH CHANDLER was born near Black Rock, Baltimore county, Maryland, May 20, 1798, and came with his parents to Jefferson county, Ohio, in 1809, where he resided a short time, and removed to Tuscarawas county, and settled near the village of New Philadelphia, and having purchased a piece of wild land at the office in Canton, he came to * NOTE.—We are indebted to Mrs. Rev. Eddy, of Congress, Wayne county, for most of the items of this personal sketch. It is quite valuable as a family reminiscence, and for the light it sheds upon the pioneer transactions of 1812. Perry township, then in Wayne, but now in Ashland county. He came with his father, Joseph Chandler, sr., and his brothers, Thomas and Robert F., to improve it, in the spring of 1812. The farm was situated about two miles north of the Indian village, then known as Mohican Johnstown. The village contained a council house and about sixty or eighty pole lodges or wigwams, and was located near the old Wyandot trail, and about one mile southwest of the present site of Jeromeville, and on the west side of the stream. At the same time he found a Frenchman named John Baptiste Jerome living with a squaw, a sister of the chief; George Hamilton, in a neat log cabin near the site of the present gristmill, at the west end of Main street. Mr. Chandler, in the summer of 1812, worked occasionally for Jerome, and considered him an impulsive, clever Frenchman. He had taught his wife to cook and keep house like the white women, and Mr. Chandler regarded her as a good housekeeper, considering her opportunities. Jerome seemed much attached to his Indian wife. He former ly lived as a trader in the village, but stated that di( warriors got fire-water, and frequently abused him, hence, he cleared a small farm and raised horses and other stock, and cultivated a cornfield on the bottom. He entered one hundred and sixty acres of land, where Jeromeville now stands, He had great numbers of swine, horses and cows running in the forests. In fact, his stock ranged in the woods in great numbers. Jerome had a daughter, aged about fifteen years, named Mary or Mollie, who had received her name from a Catholic priest at her baptism, near Detroit, Michigan. Jerome repeatedly rehearsed his military exploits in the campaigns against Harmar, St. Clair and Wayne, in the presence of the whites, and stated that Captain Pipe and his Delawares had been in all those battles and glutted their vengeance against the white invaders. Mr. Chandler thinks there is no doubt of the return of Captain Pipe to Jerome's village, one mile west of the stream, and of his having a wigwam at that point, where it was pointed out in 1812. Pipe, he thinks, went to the British in the spring of 1812, as he was not seen after the war began. His son resided at Greentown, until removed by Captain Douglass. After the assassination of the Zimmer, Ruffner, and Copus families on the Black fork, Jerome's wife and daughter were sent with the Greentown Indians to Urbana, where, during the winter of 1812-13, she and her daughter died from exposure, and Jerome was imprisoned for a short time in the block-house at Wooster. Jerome sold the village site, and married another wife, and removed to the mouth of the Huron river, where he died shortly after wards. In the fall of the year 1812, Joseph Chandler, sr., and sons returned to Tuscarawas county, where they remained until the close of the war, and then re-occupied their cabin in Perry, where his father deceased, May, 1815, aged sixty years, leaving a widow and six sons: Thomas, Robert F., Joseph, Shadrac, Jacob, and John; and four daughters: Rebecca, Eleanor, Henrietta, and Alice. Joseph Chandler resided, at the time of his DAVID CARTER, son of Daniel Carter, sr., was born in Montgomery township, on the old homestead in section twenty-eight, March 18, 1815. He was the first white child born in the township. It has been heretofore stated, on what should have been good authority, that the first white child born in Montgomery township was Lorin Andrews, but this is a mistake, as he was not born until 1819, four years later than David Carter. Sarah Carter was born in 1816, and William Sheets in the early part of 1819, so that Lorin Andrews was the fourth instead of the first child born in the township. Daniel Carter, sr., was born in Baltimore county, Maryland, December 25, 1776, and was married in Bedford county, Pennsylvania, to Ann Snyder. They came to Ohio in 1806, and she died in the block-house at Jeromeville in 1813, leaving eight children: John, William, Daniel, Rachel, Elizabeth, James, George, and Anna, Mr. Carter subsequently married Ruth Warner, March 9, 1814. She came with her parents to Mohican township in 1810 or 1811. Seven more children were the result of this marriage—David, Sarah, Mary, Samuel, Miranda, Milton, and Charles. David Carter attended the subscription schools of the time, a few terms at the district schools, and one term at the Norwalk seminary, after which he became a teacher for one term. On December 26, 1837, he was married to Miss Elizabeth Griffith, of Fayette county, Pennsylvania, by whom he has had three children, all of whom died in infancy. Mr. Carter was first lieutenant in a volunteer infantry company in 1841, and held that office some seven years, He was afterwards sergeant-major of the regiment, and finally became quartermaster, He was for some three years aide-de-camp to General Meredith, who commanded the First brigade of the Eleventh division of Ohio militia, of Richland county, in which capacity he served until the brigade was divided. In 1861 he volunteered as a private soldier in company I, of the Sixty-fourth Ohio volunteer infantry, in which he served until March, 1862, when he was ordered home on a discharge furlough, and was never ordered back to his regiment, nor was he discharged. Mr. Carter and his wife are members of the Methodist Episcopal church. In politics he abides by the doctrines of Andrew Jackson. He now lives on the old homestead, within a few rods of the place where stood the old log cabin in which he was born. He has never known any home other than this. HISTORY OF ASHLAND COUNTY, OHIO - 149 death, on the old homestead. He often alluded to the wonderful change that had occurred in Perry township since his arrival in 1812, now sixty-eight years ago. First, he states that the first grist-mill was erected by John Raver, in Rowsburgh ; second, the first school- , house of round logs was in the west part of Perry; third, the first teacher was John G. Mosier, who died near Ashland in 1856 ; fourth, the first dry goods store, Michael Row, in Rowsburgh ; fifth, the first blacksmith, Adam Tener ; sixth, the first carpenters, Isaac Smalley and James Scott ; seventh, the first carding machine, at Rowsburgh, by Mr. McConayha; eighth, the first tanner, George McFadden ; ninth, the first wagon-maker, Andrew Casebeer, at Buchanan's corners ; Tenth, the first church at Mt. Hope on Muddy fork; eleventh, the first Presbyterian preacher, Rev. Mr. Brown. Mr. Chandler has always been a practical farmer, and resided on his father's old homestead. He was an exemplary member of the Methodist church for a period of over forty years, was a good citizen, and noted for his frugality and integrity. His family have all grown, and are much scattered. He saw the country when a wilderness, and has noted its wonderful changes, its wealth and prosperity, and trusted that the descendants of the pioneers would remember the hardships of their parents, and live frugal, moral and useful lives, and preserve the institutions of their fathers, untarnished by corruption and tyranny. He was three times married, In 1825 to Amelia Jones, of Jefferson county, Ohio ; she died in 1825. In 1827 he married Elizabeth Farnham, of Knox county. She died in 1850, and was the mother of Lafayette, John, Marion, Joseph, Farnham and Elizabeth. In 1852 he married Margaret Beattie, of Vermillion township. The children were Orin, Mitchell, and Franklin. His last wife still survives to mourn his loss. Mr. Chandler suffered but a short time. He had grown greatly in flesh, and would weigh nearly three hundred pounds. He had been afflicted for several years with a chronic trouble, that finally cut short his days. He became a member of the Ashland County Historical Society in 1875, and took especial interest in rehearsing the early times and occurrences in the county. It will be difficult to fili his place in the society, as well as in the community, where he resided. He was a good man, and will be much lamented. Peace to his ashes and rest to his soul. DANIEL CARTER, SR., was born in Baltimore county, Maryland, and moved, when young, with his mother to Huntingdon county, Pennsylvania, in the year 1774. He emigrated to near Canton, Stark county, Ohio, in 1806, and then to what is now Montgomery township, Ashland county, in January, 1812, stopping a few days with John Carr, who had a cabin adjoining the farm of Baptiste Jerome, until the erection of his cabin, and entered it with his family in February, 1812. The circumstances attending the erection of his cabin, and its first and second abandonment; his flight to New Philadelphia; his return, and his seeking safety, for several months, for himself and family, at the block-house at Jerome's place, now Jeromeville, have been described in former chapters. The death of his wife and son James, has also been spoken of in connection with his residence at the block-house. About the time he left the block-house he sold the tract of land northeast of the present site of Ashland, to Conrad Kline and John Heller, and purchased four quarters, some two miles south of his original purchase, upon one of which he located, having, in the meantime, married Miss Ruth Warner, Mr. Carter continued to reside on the new purchase until February 7, 1854, when, after a brief illness, he died at the advanced age of eighty years. Mrs. Carter, his second wife, survived him eight or nine years. Mr. Carter was an industrious, frugal and upright man. He had been a very faithful member of the Methodist church for over sixty years. His children, by his first wife, were—John, William, Daniel, Rachel, Elizabeth, James, George, and Anna ; by his second—David, Sarah, Mary, Samuel, Miranda, Milton, and Charles. Daniel, David, and Samuel, are residents of Montgomery township, and three daughters reside within the county. All the rest have moved elsewhere. Daniel Carter, jr., is a citizen of Ashland. His pioneer experiences are as exciting and interesting as those of any settler of that period. When about eleven years of age, he states his father dispatched him with a sack of shelled corn, on horseback, through the forest, to Odell's mill, in the south part of what is now Lake township, to have it ground into meal. This was early in the spring of 1812. Pipe and his Delawares had not yet left Mohican Johnstown. On his return in the evening, being belated by the difficulty of winding his way along the Indian paths, he reached the Indian village a little after dark, and seeing a number of Indians collected for a sort of council at the council house, he stopped to witness the performances, It was at this "pow-wow" that the "red-stick," of Tecumseh was rejected by " Old Captain Pipe." He returned to his father's cabin, however, without molestation by the Indians, who, at that time, were on friendly terms with their white neighbors. Mr. Carter relates many adventures, amid the forest, in his youthful days, of a tinning character. He married Miss Eliza Slocum, daughter of another leading pioneer of a later period. David Carter was born March 18, 1815, on the homestead in section twenty-eight, Montgomery township. He is believed to be the first male child born in Montgomery township. He married Miss Elizabeth Griffith, of Fayette county, Pennsylvania, December 26, 1837. He resides on the old Carter homestead, and is a farmer by occupation. His children—three deceased in infancy. He is a man of good natural attainments, and possesses a fund of pioneer experiences.