250 - HISTORY OF ASHLAND COUNTY, OHIO.

through the present site of Ashland, then Uniontown; after which it was known as the Harrisville and Cuyahoga road.

The first school-house, in 1820, was on the old Crouse farm, built of logs, and taught by the late Sage Kellogg.

The first four blacksmiths were Solomon Urie, 1816, and Peter Biddinger, 1818, Robert Lincoln, 1818, and John King at a later period.

Robert Ralston, sr., was the first carpenter and cabinet-maker, in 1820. Alanson Walker and

Robert Russell, leading citizens, learned the trade of him.

The first wheelwright was George Hall, in 1822.

The first wagon-maker was Jacob Young, in 18I5.

The first grist-mill was erected on the present site of Leidigh's, by Martin Mason, in 1815.

The first Methodist Episcopal church, at Orange, was a frame structure, built in 1829; by Robert Williamson and John P. Anderson. The church was erected under the preaching of Rev. Haney and Hazzard, local preachers.

The first Presbyterian church was the old Hopewell, west of Ashland one and one half miles. Rev. Matthews and a few members built the church. There was also occasional preaching near Philip Flukes', in Martin Hester's house, in 1828.

The first Baptist church was at the house of Christian Fast, in the west part of Orange township, by John Rigdon, in 1825.

The first turner in wood was Jacob Fast, in 1817.

The first coopers were Thomas and Solomon Urie and John Y. Burge, who also made wooden moldboards for plows, as well as plows themselves, from 1820 to 1830.

The first regular wagon-maker in Orange was Fred Nichols, in 1829.

The first doctors in Orange were: John Hannah, 1834; William Deming, 1836; Dr.Alden, 1839; John Lambert, 1848; A.McClelland, 185o; J. Deal, 1862; J. Hahn, 1865; and Dr. Crowell, 1871—'80.

The first stores: Isaac Cutter, 1828; Cutter, Metcalf, Norris & Co., 1829; Thomas Smurr & Co., 1833; Charles R. Deming, 1835; George W. Urie and Daniel Campbell, 1841.

The first tanners were: Christian Rugh, 1834; Philip Fluke, jr., 1838; Isaiah Crouse, 184o to 1845.

The first postmaster at Orange was Vachtel Metcalf, in 1828.

The first tailor in Orange was Brown, in 1829, who made buckskin breeches, moccasons, etc., and Mrs. John Murray, who also made gloves and moccasons of deer skins.

The first shoemakers were C. Biddinger and Philip Biddinger, in 1820-21.

The first gunsmith was Peter Biddinger, who had a shop north of Orange two to three miles, at Culberson's corners. He had worked in the United States armory at Harper's Ferry, and it is related that he received his pay in United States continental money, just prior to the great depreciation of that currency. He paid forty dollars for his slipper, and the morning before leaving, sixty dollars for his breakfast, so great had been the depreciation in a few hours. Mr. Biddinger died at his old home in Orange township in 1842, and was buried at St. Luke's church in the west part of the township, where many of his relatives rest in peace.

Mr. Stull was married in 1832 to Miss Susan Kail, who deceased March 8, 1879, aged seventy-one years and five months. Mr. Stull had lived happily forty years with this lady, and they were blessed by three children; one son, Mahomet H., and two daughters, Jane A. and Mary Estelle. Mahomet H. died at the residence of his father in South Ashland, aged thirty-three years and twenty-seven days. He had been afflicted over three years, but bore all with unusual patience and resignation. He was a young man of rare intellectual endowments, of most amiable manners, and of unblemished reputation. If his physical powers had been equal to his mental faculties he would have made a large figure in the world, in almost any department of learning or mechanics;' but the fell destroyer had marked him for his own, and neither the ties of friendship nor medical skill could rescue him from an early grave. Few parents possess such a son, and few sisters a kinder brother. His loss creates a great change in his father's house, and many a tear of deep sorrow will be shed over his departure; and often around the family circle, in evening's silent hour, will his memory be called up, and his goodness of heart, the many pleasantries of his life, and his unselfish nature be rehearsed. In their irreperable loss his parents and sisters have the sympathy of all their neighbors and friends, "So die the good and the pure," Peace to his ashes.

Jane A. married Mr. Orville Pershion, and Mary Estelle, Mr. Joseph B. Charles, now business partners with Mr. Stull in the hardware business, in Ashland.

FRANCIS GRAHAM

was born in Delaware county, Pennsylvania, October 14, 1792. His father removed to Crawford county, in 1797. In 1812 Francis was in Erie county, and in 1814 entered the establishment of Reed &- Sanford, dry goods merchants, as a clerk, in the village of Erie, In 1815, Reed & Sanford being overstocked with goods from the war, sent him west with a stock of goods intended for Detroit. These goods were transported on sleds, and when he reached Huron, Ohio, the snow disappeared and he was obliged to open a store there. He spent four years in the service of Reed, Sanford & Co., at Huron. The stock being disposed of Mr. Graham entered a new store in Portland, now Sandusky City, as a clerk for William Townsend, where he continued until October, 1821, when he purchased a new stock of goods, and located at Uniontown, Richland, now Ashland, Ashland county. He rented a room of the late Joseph Sheets (died in 1866), which contained a small stock of goods, owned by Mr. Sheets, and of which he had sold, prior to the arrival of Mr. Graham. He boarded with Mr. Sheets, at one dollar a week, for some time. He continued actively in the mercantile business until about 1844, when financial panics compelled him to wind up his business. Since that period he has been miscellaneously employed. He has served two terms as justice of the peace in the meantime. He yet (1880) possesses considerable mental and bodily vigor, and is spending his remaining days in domestic quiet. At the organization of the County Pioneer Association, September 10, 1875, he was unanimously elected its first president, and served one year. He was married to Amelia Shepard, March 13, 1823. The family consisted of Francis A,, Franklin S., Helen S., Henry C,, John P., Augustus C., and Alice E. Amelia A., Helen S., Henry C., Augustus C., and an infant, are dead. Mrs. Graham, although well advanced in years, retains all her bodily strength, and much mental clearness. There are only three members of the family living: Franklin S., of Illinois; John P., of Ashland, and Alice E., married to Mr. J, H. Black, a merchant of Mansfield, Ohio.

Mr. Graham gives the following early incidents of the village when he landed:

The first grist-mill in Uniontown, now Ashland, was owned by Henry Wetsel, and was a log building, and had one run of stones, "niggerhead."

The first saw-mill was erected by Seth Cook, on the creek, at the west of town, near what is now the cemetery.

HISTORY OF ASHLAND COUNTY, OHIO - 251

The first school was kept by Mr. Williamson, a cripple, in 1821 and 1822.

The first church was erected by the Methodists, on the lot where the court house now stands, and was of stone.

The first blacksmith was the late Samuel Urie. The shop stood where the citizens' bank was built, on Main street.

The first cabinet-maker and undertaker was the late Colonel Alexander Miller, who resided on the Daniel Gray lot.

The first tinner was John Croft, who was secured by the late George Swineford, on the lot where the agricultural works of Whitney & Co. now are. 'The next, the late Hugh Davis, at the east end of town.

The first carding-machine was owned by the late Andrew Drumb, associated with his brother, the late Uriah Drumb.

LABAN BURGAN

was born in Westmoreland county, Pennsylvania, near Mount Pleasant, August 13, 1806. He was the son of Joseph Burgan, who came to that State from the east (originally from England,) at an early day. When about eight years of age, in 1814, his father removed to Wayne county, Ohio, and settled near Wooster, where he continued to reside until 1832, when he removed to Medina county, where he lost his wife, by death. From there he removed to Michigan in 1853, and died in 1860, aged about seventy-seven years. Mrs. Burgan died in Medina about 1840, aged about fifty years. Laban Burgan lived at Wooster from the time he was eight years old. He learned the trade of a tailor, and worked, when a young man, in Canton, Ohio.

He came to Ashland in 1829, and returned to Wooster and married Miss Jane Chubb in 1830. She survived until 1874, aged nearly sixty-seven years. Mr. Burgan continued in Ashland, as a merchant tailor, until 1856, often going to the Indian country in the west, and purchasing large quantities of Indian dressed buffalo robes, which he sold annually, from 1849. He remembers the early days in Wayne county very distinctly. He states that the pioneers had hard times, owing to the sparseness of the settlers and the newness of the country. At the period he came it was the custom of the pioneers to navigate the Killbuck in keel-boats, to convey to Coshocton and Zanesville surplus grain, whiskey, sugar, etc.

The Delaware Indians often visited the settlements to trade, and were harmless. Their old trail passed a little south of the village, and crossed the Killbuck near the old Warner farm, west of Wooster,

Owing to the scarcity of flesh, it was the custom of Joseph Burgan, his father, to hunt wild deer and turkey in the forest; skin the deer killed during the day, hang up the carcass upon a sapling out of the reach of wolves, and carry home the skins and other game at night, and return the next morning with Laban and his pony to carry the game home. After being loaded he turned the pony omeward, and continued to hunt at a distance of six or eight miles. In this manner he obtained all the fles needed to supply meat. Laban, then about nine years of age, made many trips with the pony, who always landed him safely at his father's cabin. Mr. Burgan remembers that the waters of the Killbuck were often very high and dangerous in the spring of the year, owing to the floods and freshets, At one time he remembers a keel-boat was crushed in its downward trip by large quantities of driftwood, and the owners landed on an island, where they could only get to shore by being reached by a canoe; in fact, some of the parties saved themselves from being drowned by clinging to trees leaning over the water.

It is a common observation that all the streams supplied more water at that period, and are gradually becoming smaller as the country becomes cleared up, and the forests disappear,

Mr. Burgan says, in addition to a great abundance of game of every kind, the forests abounded in large quantities of wild honey, which was easily obtained..

In 1858 Mr. Burgan entered into the erection of the lightning rod business, and continued until 1876, when he removed to Findlay, where he now is. His family consists of Isaiah, married to Miss Hogan; Mary, single; Edmund, married to Miss Kriss; Frances, married to C. P, Lewis; and Flora, married to Frank Reynolds; five in all, two boys and three girls.

Mr. Burgan is now in delicate health, owing to a chronic condition of stomach and liver, He is credited with ringing the old academy bell upon the announcement of the passage of the legislative bill erecting Ashland county, in the spring of 1846. The old man was bound to make a noise over that notable event. The old bell still rings our children to their lessons in the new school-room. May it continue to ring another half century. Many endearing memories cling around that old school-room. Lorin Andrews, a name always dear to Ashland, is still held in grateful recollection.

WILLIAM FAST

was born in Greene county, Pennsylvania, March 24, 1794, and went to school until he was sixteen years old. He came to Orange township when about twenty-one years old, and entered three hundred and twenty acres of land for himself and father, and moved out in the spring of 1814. The family were Martin, Nicholas, Jacob, William, Christian, David, Francis, George, John, Margaret, Barbara, Betsy, and Christena, married to a cousin in Fayette county, Pennsylvania.

William Fast married Elizabeth Fast, a cousin, in Fayette county, Pennsylvania, in 1817. His wife lived until July 1869, when she died, aged seventy four. Their children were: Frances, Elizabeth, Christena, Sarah, Levi, Jesse, John V., William, Jonas, Joshua B., and one who died in childhood. Five of these are also dead : Frances, Elizabeth, Christena, John N. and William. Levi, Jesse and John live in Michigan ; the rest in Ashland county.

The mental faculties of Mr. Fast seem to be well preserved, and he possesses fine physical powers for one of his age. The old gentleman often relates incidents in relation to Tom Lyons, Jonacake, and other Delawares with whom he was acquainted in his youth. He knew many of the Green and Jerometown Indians.

252 - HISTORY OF ASHLAND COUNTY, OHIO.

JUDGE EDMUND INGMAND

was born at Lancaster, Fairfield county, Ohio, February 9, 1806, and removed with his parents to a farm about two miles southeast of Jeromeville, Ashland county. At an early age he fully realized the responsibilities of life, and strove to avail himself of every opportunity. He performed with due respect to his parents the routine of light and arduous duties of a boy's life, exerting every possible effort to secure a home.

The trials and vicissitudes incident to pioneer life prevented young Edmund from giving vent to his natural inclinations, hence he and his sister Mary (she is now Mrs. Joshua Carr, of Bowling Green, Ohio,) received nothing more than the instructions given at common • schools, the educational advantages at that time being quite limited. Part of his time was occupied in school-teaching, and at odd times did carpenter work, which trade he pursued with great success, the knowledge of which came from his own ingenuity. Thus, by his ambitious disposition and industrious habits thus formed, he devoted every hour to doing good. At the age of eighteen he united with the Methodist Episcopal church, to which helm he clung with unwavering steadfastness till the death sentence reached his ear, " Come up higher !" In his twenty-sixth year he was married to Miss Mary Kinsey Naylor, an amiable young lady of eighteen. Miss Mary being of a very retiring and modest temperament, as well as loving and agreeable, she adorned the home of her affianced in the most becoming manner ; so mild and gentle was this " gude wife " that one of her daughters avers that she never heard her mother laugh aloud.

Though Mrs. Ingmand was delicate in constitution, yet she shared the lights and shadows of " early days, " which were destined to surround her husband with a great degree of pleasure and patience.

Mr. and Mrs. Ingmand located on a farm given them by his father, which was situated one mile southwest of Jeromeville. Mr. Ingmand clerked in a dry goods store one year previous to his marriage, and two years following that event, most of his mercantile life being spent in Waynesburgh (now Congress), Wayne county.

This youthful pair's home in the forest, of course, required a vast amount of labor to change its rude appearance to that of ease and comfort, as well as profit and pleasure.

A family of eight children was reared on this farmAlmira, the eldest, dying in the year 1851, in her twenty-first year. The other seven —Samantha A. (now Mrs. J. D. Axe), of Ashland; William, Alva, Joseph, Edmund H., Hattie A. and Leslie survive.

On the twelfth of June, 186o, Mrs. Ingmand exchanged worlds, after suffering the most excruciating pain for nearly one year, previous to her death.

Mr. Ingmand being a man of sterling qualities and unexcelled business capacity, he was chosen many times to settle differences of minor, as well as of great, importance. He was appointed administrator of fifty estates, besides protecting the affairs of many orphans. For twenty years previous to his demise he made entries in his journal of each day's proceedings, and at the close of each respective year knew the exact outlay and income of his farm and household. He was a true friend of the needy and afflicted; none went from his door hungry, or in need of comfort. His willing and beneficent hand was endeared in every circle in which he moved. In disposition he was remarkable for the cheerfulness and geniality which he possessed, and from one of his oldest children comes the pleasant reflection, that she has often heard him say, that several consecutive months had passed in his life without the least inclination to become angry.

After five days of extreme suffering from paralysis, after enjoying nearly sixty years of uninterrupted good health, he closed his eyes on earthly things on the twenty-seventh of March, 1866, to open them in Heaven.

LUKE INGMAND

was born on Carroll's manor, in Frederick county, Maryland, and, a few years afterward removed to Berkeley county, Virginia, where he resided a number of years, and, at the age of twenty-six years, was married to Miss Elizabeth Hay.

About the year 1805 he removed to Ohio, locating in Amanda township, Fairfield county. A few years later he removed to Wayne (now Ashland) county, near Jeromeville, where he resided until two years previous to his decease, which occurred at the residence of his son, Judge E. Ingmand, in Ashland, at the advanced age of ninety-two years.

Of him it may be said that he was an honest man, in every sense of the word, greatly abhoring any base principle in the character of his fellow-men. Being reared under Quaker discipline, he was extremely plain in his dress, and exceedingly courteous in his address. His plainness of speech, and marked eccentricities, called forth many peals of laughter, wry faces, and at times, perhaps, a slight degree, of ill-feeling ; his intentions, however, were of the purest character, disliking the idea of coming in contact with those he could not salute cordially. He possessed an unusual jovial disposition and affable bearing, which gained for him hosts of friends wherever he went. He was a great favorite with the children, and was often besieged to relate anecdotes of long ago. Among the writer's happiest hours were those spent at the feet of "grandfather," pleading him to tell a story, when he very often replied, jestingly: "Why, no child, I'd rather tell the truth than a story."

Thirteen years of loneliness was allotted this venerable man before he was called to join Mother Ingmand in the spirit land. Nearly seventy-five years he adorned the Christian profession, being a member of the Methodist Episcopal church most of his life.

His last days were not victimized by disease, but was merely the wearing out of life's machinery, and, on the morning of June 25, 1865, the white-haired patriarch was called to swell the holy ranks above.

It would be injustice to bring before the public eye the history of this noble pioneer without mentioning the commendable qualities of his amiable companion, who

HISTORY OF ASHLAND COUNTY, OHIO - 253

shared the privations and trials of pioneer life with such marked Christian patience and fortitude.

Her parentage was of the highest rank and culture, being fortunate to receive as good an education as advantages would permit, which, in addition to their dignified bearing and mature judgment, placed them on an equality with the most respectable.

About the time Mrs. Ingmand moved to this State her brother, John Hay, moved to Kentucky, where he became a neighbor and intimate friend of the late Abraham Lincoln. The two families, Hay's and Lincoln's, soon after removed to Illinois. As Mr. Lincoln had chosen the legal profession, as did also a son of Mr. Hay, the two became fast friends, and entered into the practice of law together.

Grandmother Ingmand was equally as lively disposed as uncle Lukey, as her husband was familiarly called, Hence their home and society were often sought after, when in quest of pleasure. This dear old lady spent sixty-five years in this world, and on the seventh of June, 1853, was transplanted to a higher, holier clime.

LOUIS JEFFERSON SPRENGLE

was born in Frederick City, Maryland, January 26, 1824. His father, David Sprengle, was born in York county, Pennsylvania, in 1796, and died in Frederick City, Maryland, in 1832, of cholera. Captain David Sprengle was a soldier in the war of 1812, entering the army at Baltimore, in 1814, at the age of eighteen years. He was a direct descendant of the same family from whom Dr. Kurt Sprengle, the celebrated German botanist, of Halle university, descended. The family emigrated from Prussia, Germany, to this country about the year 1760, and settled in that part of Pennsylvania known as York county. His father served as a private soldier in the Revolutionary army for American independence. His mother, Caroline M. A. Ruth, was of German descent. Her grandfather, Jacob Medart, was one of the staunchest supporters of the American Revolution, and his hotel, in Frederick, Maryland, at that critical period, was the rendezvous of the patriots of that trying time. General Washington always made his hotel his stopping place, when passing through Frederick. He furnished the army of the Revolution with many thousand dollars of supplies, taking his pay in continental money, and leaving several barrels of it as a legacy to his children. Her father was in the war of 1812, and rose to the rank of captain. Having, during his early boyhood, attended a select school in Frederick City, our subject came to Ohio, unto his parents, in 1835, and settled in Ashland. Until 1839 he was employed as a clerk in a store. In the public schools and in the Ashland academy he finished his education. He then learned the trade of a cabinet-maker, and worked at it subsequently in Ashland, Mansfield, and Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, While at Mansfield keeping up his studies, he walked over to Ashland each Saturday for the purpose of reciting to Professor Lorin Andrews, afterwards professor of Kenyon college. While working at Pittsburgh, during the year of the great fire in that city, in 1845, all his books, about three hundred volumes, educational and miscellaneous, were burned. Returning to Ashland, he there worked at his trade for two years. He was then appointed agent for that county for the old Protection Fire Insurance company, of Hartford county, in which position he remained until that company ceased to do business. He then, in connection with J. O. Jennings, Abraham Huffman, Joseph Wasson, G. W. Urie, Joseph Musgrove, Peter Resser, Hugh Burns, J. B. F. Sampsel, and B. B. Clark, on the eighth of February, 1851, as incorporators, procured a special charter from the legislature of the state of Ohio, and organized the Ashland County Mutual Fire Insurance company, of which he was elected secretary, and has retained that position ever since, and for the last six years also performing the duties of treasurer. Up to 1869 he also performed the duties of general agent and adjuster. Under his management this company has been very successful, its business being done on what is known as the twenty per cent. plan, and without making any assessment on the premium notes. For twenty-five years they took none but the safer kind of risks, and this practice has been but slightly departed from. Recently a few of the better class of special hazards are written up by the company for small amounts. The accumulated assets of the company, July, 1880, amount to six hundred thousand dollars, while the risks have been so carefully selected that their losses have not exceeded fifteen thousand dollars a year.

In 1853 Mr. Sprengle began the publication, at Ashland, of a weekly newspaper in the interests of the old Whig party, called the Ashland Times. This he continued with the assistance respectively of the Hon. William Osborn and Josiah Locke, until the spring of 1857, when he assumed the entire control of the paper as editor and proprietor, until June, 1876, when he sold the property to his son-in-law, Joseph E. Stubbs. Under Mr. Sprengle's management the paper became one of the most influential and prosperous weeklies in the State, and was the first paper printed on a Hoe power press, and by steam, between Cleveland and Columbus. He was the author of the agents' hand-book of insurance, of which an edition of over ten thousand copies was sold to the underwriters of the different States; also of the manuscript reader, for the use of schools and academies, printing offices and the counting-room. Its object was to learn the pupil to read readily any manuscript. Pages of manuscript for this novel work were contributed from Professor Spencer, President Andrews, of Kenyon college, President Andrews, of the Virginia university, Horace Greeley, Rufus Chote, and other eminent scholars of the day. He was also associated with all the enterprises of the place, acting as secretary of the Ashland union mills for the manufacture of flour and woollen goods; also as president of the Ashland machine company, manufacturers of agricultural implements and clover threshers and hullers, as well as an independent manufacturer of other useful implements having an extensive sale throughout

254 - HISTORY OF ASHLAND COUNTY, OHIO.

the world, He had but one brother, Henry Clay Sprengle, present treasurer of Washington county, Kansas, and a prominent citizen of that State. Also two sisters, Frances S. Locke, wife of Josiah Locke, of Indianapolis, a poetess and a lady of rare talent, and Mrs. I. P. Coates, of Chi- cago, Illinois. On the first of January, 1852, Mr. Spren- gle married Miss Sophia W. Coffin, of Ashland, Rev. Dr, John Robinson performing the ceremony. Of this union six children, all living, have been the issue, viz.: Ella A., wife of Joseph E. Stubbs; Jessie F., wife of William G. Stubbs; May Caroline, William Marston, Mattie F., and David S. During the war for the union, he was a strong supporter of the government, and a member of the safety or military committee for Ashland county., In 1862 he was appointed by President Lincoln provost marshal, with the rank of captain, which position he held until 1863. During the war his pen was eloquent in de- fence of the flag, and the union of the States.

WILLIAM BEER

was born in Northampton county, Pennsylvania, near the New Jersey line, in 1794. His father, Thomas Beer, served as a soldier in the American Revolution, and brought home from New Jersey a relic highly prized by his children, and exhibited by Mr. Beer with especial interest. It was an English bayonet, and had the words, "29 reg. 5 division, King George III," en- graved on it. It had evidently been left by one of the British soldiers, whe fled or was killed during the battle. His father removed with his family to Allegheny county, Pennsylvania, in the year 1800, where he resided twelve miles below Pittsburgh, about thirty years. Mr. Beer was of Irish descent.

In 1825 he married Miss Mary Mann, and removed to Montgomery township, Richland (now Ashland) county, in 1832, and located on a quarter of land ad- joining his brother Richard. Here he resided about forty years, and cheerfully submitted to all the toils of a pioneer in clearing up and preparing his homestead. In 1867, he had the misfortune to lose, by death, his excel- lent lady. His family consisted of - Thomas, Quincy, Henry, Calvin, Serena, Sherman W. and B, F. Beer. Mr. Beer died October 3, -1879. The entire family, except Sherman W., preceded Mr. Beer to the grave.

Mr. Beer possessed, to the last, all his mental faculties. He was noted as retaining a most retentive memory for dates and events, and loved to dwell upon the border scenes of seventy or eighty years ago. From the grav- ity of his manner and personal dignity, he was familiarly called "Judge." Indeed, he was much more worthy such a promotion than many "limbs of the law," who preside over our courts. He had long been a zealous and worthy member of the Presbyterian church, and illustrated the goodness of his heart by many acts of kindness to the poor and the orphan. Though called suddenly to bid adieu to time and the scenes of earth, we cannot doubt his fitness for another and, we trust, a better world. His cheerful face and kind words will

greet us no more, but be embalmed in memory. The tide waits for no man. Soon the bell will toll a farewell to the aged pioneers. May they rest in peace.

JAMES ALBERSQN

was born in Harrison county, Ohio, July 7, 1822, and moved with his parents, Thomas Alberson and wife, to Orange township the fourth of April, and landed April 7, 1837, He attended school at eight square, district five, until seventeen years of age. His father died about 1856, aged about fifty-nine years. His mother died in November, 187o, aged seventy-six years. Her name before marriage was Fanny Campbell. There were four boys and three girls—Mary, James, Sarah, Anne, William C., Elizabeth, Robert W., and T. C. They are all living except Elizabeth Somers, wife of Jacob. Mr. Alberson was married to Rachel Andrews, December 10, 1844. She died June 4, 1853. He again married, January 10, 1854, Miss Susan C. Bowlby. His first wife had W. T. Alberson and A. N. Kelso; his second wife, Alice C. and J. K., son and daughter. Mr. Alberson is serving on his eighth term as justice of the peace, having been elected in October, 1854, and again in October, 1861, and continuously since then. His term will expire in 1882. He also served as constable several terms. He now resides within 'pre mile of where he settled in 1837.

CHARLES WILLSON

was born in Baltimore county, Maryland, August 10, 1795, and came to Perry township, Wayne county, Ohio, in 181o. In 1819 he married Mary Anderson. He has two sons, William and Joseph, and four daughters including Mrs Z. Greenwald. When a youth he resided with his parents in Jefferson county, Ohio, eight years, from whence he came to Perry township, and thence to Montgomery.

RICHARD BEER

was born in Northampton county, Pennsylvania, November 21, 1796. His father, Thomas Beer, of Irish extraction, settled in that county in 1764. In 'S00 he located in Allegheny county, where he resided, engaged in farming, twenty-one years. During this time he aided in clearing the Ohio river of drift, and other obstructions, to the mouth of the Beaver. In x821 he located in Montgomery township, about two miles southwest of Uniontown, now Ashland. He was accompanied by a cousin, Richard Aten. He and Mr. Aten kept bachelor's hall about six years, doing their own cooking and housework. In the meantime, he made considerable • improvements on his homestead, by erecting a comfortable dwelling, a barn and out-buildings, and clearing some forty acres of land.

In 1827 he married Miss Jane Anderson, by whom he had seven children: Emilia, Adeline, William A,,

JOHN DONLEY - SARAH A. DONLEY

John Donley was born near Orange village, Ashland county, March 20, 1817. His parents, Thomas and Susan Donley, came to Ohio from Washington county, Pennsylvania, in February, 1817, and when he was two weeks of age, located on the farm where they passed the remainder of their lives, and where the subject of this sketch lived and died. John Donley attended the first subscription school in the township, which was taught by Elijah Banning, in a log cabin situated on a corner of the Donley farm. This school was established in I830. He grew to manhood on the farm, in early life partaking of the hardships of pioneer life, and lived to see fruitful farms take the place of the Tugged forests of his boyhood days.

March 11, 1843, he was married to Miss Sarah A. Alberson, and soon after marriage removed to Nashville, Holmes county, where they remained one year, when they returned to Ashland county, and for the four succeeding years lived on a farm at that time owned by Major., George W. Urie. In 1830 Mr. and Mrs. Donley removed to the old home farm in Orange township, where they ever after lived, and where he died June 26, 1880, of general debility, at the age of sixty-three years, three months and six days.

A family of eight children was the result of this union, of whom seven are now living, as follows : Calvin, Susan, Edward, Jennie, Rachel, Lizzie, and Carrie. Frances died when a small child.

John Donely was a man of strict integrity, and one who loved his family well. No one with whom he had business or friendly association ever had cause to charge him with double dealing. He was honest to a fault and scorned deception. He was widely known as a man of more than ordinary ability and intelligence, with strong likes and dislikes, but when apologies were offered, was ever ready to forgive. His life was that of a Christian, and he died with a Christian's hope. For many years he had been a leading member of the Orange Presbyterian church, and for the past fourteen years held the responsible office of ruling elder. Through storm and shine he went to his beloved church, and never faltered in its support. In the course of his life he amassed a comfortable competence, which was acquired by his own hard labor, seconded by that of his wife, who has proved for him a helpmeet indeed. The greatest prize he left his family was that of a pure character, an unblemished reputation and an unsullied record. These by his family are more prized than all else.

Thomas and Fannie Campbell Alberson, the parents of Mrs. John Donley, were born in Pennsylvania—he in the city of Philadelphia, and his wife, Fannie Campbell, in Westmoreland county. The Campbell family removed to Harrison county, Ohio, in 1817, and about the same time Mr. Alberson came to the same place, where they were married in 1819. They moved to Ashland county in 1837, and settled in Orange township, where they passed the remainder of their lives. Mr. Alberson was a ruling elder of the Presbyterian church, and by occupation was a farmer.

Sarah A. Alberson was born in Archer township, Harrison county, February 12, 1825, and was married to John Donley, March 11, 1845. She became a member of the Presbyterian church of Orange in 1833, and has since remained in its communion. Since the death of her husband, she has occupied their old home with her five daughters and son, William Edward. Another son, Thomas C., is married, and lives on the adjoining farm.

HISTORY OF ASHLAND COUNTY, OHIO - 255

Amanda, Thomas M., James, and Kate. James was killed in Virginia during the late war. The remaining members of the family, most of whom are married, reside in the vicinity of Ashland.

When Mr. Beer arrived, in 1821, his nearest neighbors were Michael Thomas, C. Wheeler, Benjamin Shearer, Henry and Daniel Vantilburg, Joshua Brown, and Daniel Carter. Log-rollings, cabin-raisings, cornhuskings, flax-pullings, and scutchings, as well as linsey-woolsey clothing, corn-bread, pork, and venison, were the occupations, the clothing and the food, of the hardy pioneers. It was not uncommon, the first few years, to be so occupied five or six days each week at such gatherings. The nearest mill was Newman's, on the Black fork, to which Mr. Beer often resorted. He occasionally visited a mill, subsequently owned by Armstrong Meaner, in Green township. For many years wheat was cut with a sickle, and all the pioneers were expert in its use. In fact, it was not uncommon, to find women in the field using the same instrument. In those days the fields were carefully gleaned and very little grain was left standing. When the stumps began to disappear, sickles were invaded and were gradually substituted by the grain- cradle. Mr. Beer says he owned the first grain cradle used in Montgomery township, over fifty years ago, on the farm of Joseph Sheets, where South Ashland now stands. It created quite a sensation among the old reapers, because he could cut a swath, equal to that of three reapers, with much ease. The surplus grain of this region was hauled to Milan for a market until about 1861, when the New York, Pennsylvania & Ohio railroad was completed, and a home market furnished.

Mrs. Beer died in 1859, and Mr. Beer, now (1875,) aged seventy-nine years, resides in Ashland. He is quite vigorous; his mind is clear and vivacious; he loves a joke and abounds in humor. Like all his Scotch-Irish ancestors, he is much attached to the Presbyterian church, of which he is a member.

JOHN DONLEY

was born in Orange township, March 20, 1817, on the old Wertz farm, and married Miss Sarah A. Alberson, March 11, 1845. He then removed to near Nashville, Holmes county, where he remained one year and came back to Ashland county. He moved to his present home in 1850, and has resided there ever since—thirty years. He was the father of eight children. Seven of them, Calvin, Susan, Edward, Jennie, Rachel, Lizzie and Clara are living. Francis died when but a small child.

In 1830 the school-house was built in Donley's district, and he and his brother Thomas were the first scholars; Elijah Banning the first teacher.

The principal old citizens in the district were the McConnells, the Clarks, the Flukes, the Hesters, the Murphys, the Mackerels, Robert Mickey, Peter Biddinger, William McConnell, Thomas McConnell, John Burge, Isaac Mickey, Daniel Summers, Thomas Donley, Robert Culberson, John Bishop and Jacob Hiffner.

John Donley died June 26, 1880. He was a man of strict integrity, and a man who loved his family. No man, with whom he associated, ever had cause to charge him with double-dealing. He was honest to a fault, and scorned deception. He was widely known, for he was a man of more than ordinary ability and intelligence. He had strong likes and dislikes, but when apologies were made none forgave more quickly. His life was that of a Christian. For many years he had been a leading member of the Orange Presbyterian church, and for the past fourteen years has been a ruling elder, Through storm and shine he went to his beloved church, and never faltered in its support. He amassed a good competency by his own hard work. But the greatest prize he left was that of a pure character, an unblemished reputation and an unsullied record. These, to his sorrowing wife and children, are far more prized than all else. He was followed to his last resting place by all his neighbors and friends, who thus testified their appreciation of his goodness and worth. Funeral services were conducted by Rev. Kelly, of Savannah, assisted by Revs. Cummings and Jones. Peace to his ashes.

THOMAS DONLEY

was born in Washington county, Pennsylvania, in 1780, and deceased, on his homestead in Orange township, Ashland county, Ohio, October 21, 1850. He came to the township in 1817, and resided there until his decease. His first wife died before he did, when he married, in 1844, Miss Mary McKinney, of Milton township, who still survives at an advanced age, supposed to be near one hundred years, there being no record of her birth. Her health is good, and she retains a good memory of the past. Her sight and hearing are gradually failing. Her father, Patrick McKinney, died when she was young, in Cumberland county, Pennsylvania. She emigrated with her mother and Ross McKinney to Milton township, 1816, and resided near the old Hopewell church, where she deceased and was buried many years ago.

CAPTAIN ROBERT BEER.

In the correspondence of the Pittsburgh Herald, we find the following concerning Captain Beer, who accompanied the expedition of Colonel Robert Crooks, in the war of 1812, to Upper Sandusky. The captain died about May 4, 1880, aged nearly ninety years.

I've just had a conversation with Captain Robert Beer, one of our oldest and most respected citizens, who served his country in the war of 1812. In answer to my inquiries, he gave the following account of his trip from this city to Upper Sandusky, Ohio, and his return on foot the following winter of 1812-13:

"About the first of November, 1812, the Government advertised for volunteer teamsters, having some thirty carriages (without cannon, however) and forty covered wagons to supply with drivers. As soon as a volunteer would sign the roll, he was ordered to go into a large yard, on Garrison alley, and bridle four horses. I was among the volunteers, being then an unsophisticated country boy of twenty years. You will observe that I am now old enough to vote.) I was directed

256 - HISTORY OF ASHLAND COUNTY, OHIO.

to hitch a team to a cannon-carriage, and drive over to the ground where the western penitentiary now stands. Here we were encamped for three weeks before we were ready to start. The road wagons were loaded with cannon-powder, clothing, and all kinds of government stores. These wagons were drawn by five, and sometimes by six, horses. All being in readiness, we started for General Harrison's winter quarters, at Upper Sandusky, Ohio. Colonel James Anderson was wagon-master; James McHenry, a bricklayer of our city, assistant wagon-master; Paul Anderson, forage-master; and Captain Gratiot had command of the train. To guard the teams and property, we had Captain Johnson and his company, from Greensburgh, now called Darlington, and half a company from Beaver county, under command of Lieutenant Walker, who was subsequently killed by the Indians.

"The journey was through an almost unbroken wilderness, and its difficulties cannot be appreciated by the people of to-day. Ten miles was considered a good day's travel, and when the route was bad, as was frequently the case, we did not make more than six miles. It took us three days to go through Hahn's swamp, and had hard work to do it in that time. We would often stop for a day, and, mounting our horses, go miles away along paths, there being no wagon road, and return with our horses loaded with forage.

"At Canton we lay a whole week, repairing the wagons, shoeing the horses, and giving them much needed rest, and procuring a supply of foliage.

"From Canton to Wooster it was thirty-five miles. At the latter place we found the first picketed fort. Mansfield, it may be said, ended the settlements in this direction. The only buildings were a fort, one tavern, one store, and one private house. We remained three days in Wooster to recruit our horses, repair damages and gather forage. Between Wooster and Mansfield we had a good deal of new road to cul, the old one being impassable for the train. This was slow work, as you can judge.

"We were about two months on the road, and finally reached Upper Sandusky on New Year's day—and as cold a day, by the way, as I ever experienced. We never saw a fire from sunrise till sunset, and to make the matter worse, we were but thiUly clad at best. On our arrival we were ordered to ungear our horses and start with them for a small town on the Scioto river, called Franklinton, just across the river from Columbus. CorU was plenty and cheap in that neighborhood, and they wanted their horses to recruit there for the spring service.

"Next day we started back to Upper Sandusky to get our money and be discharged from the service. There was no money there to pay us with—not a dollar in the treasury—so they furnished us with tents and rations. We pitched our tents just outside the military lines, and for three weeks had nothing to occupy our time but eating and sleeping. At the end of this time Colonel Piatt, of Cincinnati, who was treasurer of the army, gave its our discharge and an order for our pay at the barracks in Pittsburgh. We hadn't a dollar towards paying our way home. They gave us rations to put in our knapsacks, but they got stale and unfit for use.

"Of course, after we left our horses at Franklinton, we did all our traveling on foot. I cannot tell the distance from Franklinton to Upper Sandusky, but from the latter place to Mansfield was thirty-five miles. We all arrived in Pittsburgh safe and well, after a very fatiguing journey.

"The Captain Gratiot I have mentioned was one of the engineer corps of the regular army, and an officer of high standing. Captain Wheaton was the paymaster; and a cross old chap he was. He carried a canteen of brandy slung round his neck, and sometimes he absorbed the brandy too freely.

'' I suppose I am entitled to a pension for my services in 1812, but I have not yet applied for one. I observe that some are drawing pensions whose term of service lasted only fourteen days. In 1856 I got a land warrant for one hundred and sixty acres of land."

During a great part of his life he was engaged in building and running steamboats, and it is hardly necessary to say that his long record was spotless and unblemished. He retired from active business several years ago, and since then devoted his time to his private affairs.

JOHN SMITH

was born in Columbiana county, Ohio, October 1, 1822. He learned the trade of a carpenter in Stark county, in 1843-4. In 1845 he married Rebecca Fettehoff, and in 1849 removed to 'Croy township, Ashland county, and purchased a small farm. He became a farmer-mechanic for some years, and finally abandoned his trade to become an agriculturalist.

Mr, Smith is of German descent. His father, Frederick Smith, came from Germany in 1821. He died in Stark county, Ohio, in 1854, at an advanced age. His children were: Frederick, who died in Troy township, Ashland county, in 1864; John, of Troy; Savilla, wife of Jacob Hipp, of Troy; Mary, wife of Michael Auer, of Indiana; Christian and Andrew, of DeKalb, Indiana.

The family of John consists of Elizabeth, wife of Michael Merkel, of Michigan; Jacob F., married to Sephrona Fast, of Huron county, Ohio; James Smith; Hannah, wife of Oran Chapman, of Lorain county; and Mary, William, Loretta, Pheba, Lydia, and Emma, unmarried.

Mr. Smith is a good business man, and noted for his strong common sense and frankness. He has been elected trustee of Troy township five times, although the party with which he affiliates is in the minority. At the spring election of 1876, he was elected a justice of the peace. He is very active in propagating his political ideas, though always courteous to his political opponents.

When he entered Troy township, the primitive forest, with here and there a small clearing, and a few cabins, covered the township. It is now greatly improved,

MR. SAMUEL SMITH

was born in New Milford township, Litchfield county, Connecticut, May 23, 1800. At the age of fifteen years he was apprenticed to learn the trade of carpenter and house joiner, and served six years. At the expiration of his apprenticeship he married, and followed his trade for ten years, in his native State. In 1832 he removed to Lorain county, Ohio, where he again resumed his trade. While a citizen of Lorain county, he took an active part in military organizations, and was elected captain, and subsequently promoted to lieutenant colonel, and oneinally colonel of his regiment. In 1837 he located in Milton township, Richland, now Ashland, county. While a citizen of Milton, he served twelve years as justice of the peace, and acquitted himself to the satisfaction of his friends. Milton was largely Democratic, and Colonel Smith was an old Whig. His integrity and uprightness elevated him above party bias, rendered him personally popular, and hence, he was re-elected to the same position twice. In 1860 he disposed of his farm and removed to Ashland, where in 1863, his excellent lady deceased, aged sixty-three years. He again married. Mr. Smith for many years was an active and influential member of the Presbyterian church. His family consisted of Orlow, Riley, Charles, Nelson, Augustus, Lemon and three daughters. Orlow served in the late war, and was promoted to brigadier-general. Nelson fell at the sanguinary battle of Chickamauga. The rest of the family, we believe, all survive.

Mr. Smith died September 22, 1876. The funeral

HISTORY OF ASHLAND COUNTY, OHIO - 257

services were conducted by Elder N. P. Lawrence, of the Disciple or Christian church, at the late residence of Colonel Smith, South Ashland, at two o'clock p. Sabbath, September 24th, when his remains were conducted to and deposited in the cemetery of Ashland,

ISAAC DAVIS

was born in New Holland, Lancaster county, Pennsylvania, August TO, 1802. When quite young he was apprenticed to learn the art of weaving. In consequence, his education was neglected, and he could neither read nor write. At the age of nineteen years he went to Juniata county, where he remained some years working at his trade. In the year 1823 he married Miss Fanny Stoner, of that county. That lady survived until 1876, when she deceased, aged about eighty years. In 1834 Mr. Davis came to Mifflin township, then in Richland county, and purchased a farm of eighty acres in section one, of Benjamin Hershey. The land at that time was nearly all in its native forest. He and his sons in after years cleared -the land and reduced it to a state of excellent culture. Mr. Davis made weaving a business for many years. In this respect he was a useful citizen. He was a good weaver, and by his industry and skill• made sufficient to support and educate his sons and pay for his farm. When he arrived at Mifflin township he found John Hewey, William Hewey, Henry Roland, Peter Brubaker, John Brubaker, Solomon Wertman, Abraham Doty, James Andrews, Leonard Croninger, Benjamin Hershey, and Father Gongwer, who had preceded him as pioneers. Nearly half a century has passed since he arrived. Great changes have taken place. Nearly all these pioneers have paid the debt of nature. Only one or two of his old neighbors yet live. For several months the health of Mr. Davis has been gradually failing, and finally terminated in consumption of the lungs. In his prime he weighed about three hundred pounds. He became greatly emaciated before death. He was a member of the River Brethren church, about thirty-five years, and was an exemplary Christian. He died on Friday, evening, December 18, 1879, and was buried at the Mennonite church, in Mifflin township, on Saturday, December 10th.

The family of Mr. Davis consisted of nine children— Susannah, single; Samuel, married to Catharine Roland; Mary, wife of Dillman Switzer; George, single; John, married to Margaret C. Day; Isaac, married to Sarah Hilburn; Abraham, married to Mary Kagey; William, married to Rebecca Sechrist, who is deceased, and again to Barbara Callen; Fanny, married to Jacob Hetler. Mr. Davis had forty-four grandchildren, and nine great-grandchildren.

SAMUEL CORDELL

was born in Loudoun county, Virginia, October r5, 1793. During his boyhood, war was declared against Great Britain, The English forces were beleaguering the city of Baltimore, and the coasts of Maryland and Virginia. When invading Maryland, volunteers were called upon to defend the capital at Washington and other points. Mr. Cordell, youth as he was, entered the army and served in the defence of Baltimore. For this service he recently obtained a pension. He was in the company commanded by Captain George Huff, Virginia militia, regiment of Colonel Mason, of the brigade of General Douglas, in the war of 1812. Upon his discharge he returned to Loudoun county, Virginia, where he married Miss Catharine Carnes, and in 1833 removed to Orange township, Richland, now Ashland, county. Here he remained one year upon the farm of John Mason. He then removed to Milton township and lived about two years upon what was subsequently the McDonald farm, one mile west of Ashland. He then purchased the Hoover farm, where he lived until his decease, a period of about forty-six years. During this time he was recognized as a quiet, prudent, and industrious man. He was a plain farmer, fully devoted to the culture of the soil, in which he succeeded in accumulating enough of this world's goods to render himself and family comfortable. In 1859 he had the misfortune to lose, by death, the wife of his youth, aged about sixty years. Since then he has resided with his family. He and his wife united with Rahobeth Methodist Episcopal church, in Loudoun county, Virginia, about 1831, since which time he has remained a faithful member. His family consisted of eleven children, nine of whom survive: Emeline, wife of Samuel Doty, of Crawford county; Cornelia, wife of Rev. Jacob Fry, deceased ; Anne Elizabeth, wife of Ezekiel Moore, of Lake township; Mary Margaret, who resides at home; Washington, deceased; Catharine, wife of George Hall; John Francis, deceased; James L. and Jane L., twins, the latter the wife of Dr. Harkins, deceased ; Rebecca, wife of Cyrus Plank, of Ashland; Cordelia, wife of John W. Oswald, of Toledo.

Mr. Cordell took but little interest in politics. He was an original Whig, and elected to the office of trustee of Milton, two or three times, and school director occasionally. He was a strong friend of the school system, and was always desirous of giving proper instructions to the rising generation. He often related an incident that occurred to him in Loudoun county, Virginia. Some years before he left, one day an old colored man came and made an appeal to his feelings. He said, "Mr. Cordell, I think you are a friend of mine. I have to be sold to a stranger, and go south. I want you to buy me." Mr. Cordell said, "I would do so, but I am too poor to spare the money at present." "I pledge my honor, said the colored man, if you will do so, I will hunt a master who will keep me in Virginia, and treat me kindly." Mr. Cordell's feelings were touched, and he consented to buy him. This deed of kindness was fully reciprocated. The colored man in due time found a new master, and kept his word with Mr. Cordell. That was the only time he ever owned a colored man, and he often stated "his conscience approved of what he had done." He passed through much pioneer experience in Ashland county—was always found kind and obliging to

258 - HISTORY OF ASHLAND COUNTY, OHIO,

his neighbors, and courteous to all men. May the sods of the valley rest lightly upon his manly breast, till the summing up of all things. Mr. Cordell died April 19, 1879, and was buried in the cemetery at Ashland.

PETER BRUBAKER

was born in Lancaster county, Pennsylvania, February 20, 1795, and was the son of John Brubaker, of German descent. He grew to manhood and married in his native county. He married Miss Mary Brubaker, though of no relation, in 1818, and remained in Lancaster until the year 1823, when he came to Milton township, Richland, now Ashland, county, Ohio, and settled upon the farm upon which he died, adjoining that of Joseph Charles. When he entered the land, he found it covered by an almost unbroken forest of large timber. By long-continued labor, he subdued the wild luxuriance of nature, and made a desirable farm for his homestead. When he settled in the wilds of Milton, he found that the Croningers, John Hazlet, James Andrews, and others had preceded him. At that early period, wolves, deer, wild turkey, and an occasional bear, ranged the forests of the township. Mr. Brubaker lived to see a great change in the appearance of the native forests of the township, his neighbors, like himself, having by industry and economy accumulated a desirable property,

In 1870, his wife, aged about seventy-five years, deceased ; since which time Mr. Brubaker resided on his homestead, near Mr. Charles, until his death, April 21, 1879. He had been a member of a branch of the Tunker church, known as the River Brethren, about forty-five years, at Chestnut grove, near his home, where he was buried.

At his decease, his family consisted of ten children, all grown : Susan, wife of Henry Rowland ; Mary, wife of Christian Rowland; John; Elizabeth, wife of Nathan Stirewalt ; Maria, wife of John Gongwer; Fannie, wife of Jacob Barr, deceased; Benjamin; Nancy, wife of William Stauffer; Lydia, deceased ; and Christian. These all reside in Ashland county. It is estimated he had sixty-eight grandchildren at the time of his decease.

Mr. Brubaker was known among his neighbors as an industrious, economical, conscientious Christian, always desirous of peace and good will among men. "By their fruits ye shall know them." A good man has gone to his rest, and his works will follow him. Funeral services were conducted by the Rev. J. D. Parker, assisted by Rev. H. Davison.

WILLIAM WESTHEFFER

was born in Lancaster county, Pennsylvania, in 1794, and, when twenty years of age, removed to Cumberland county, in the same State, where he married Miss Young, about 1823. She deceased in 1834, in the same county.

In 1844 Mr. Westheffer emigrated to Montgomery township, then Richland, now Ashland county, Ohio, and purchased a farm in section two. Since the death of Mrs. Westheffer he has remained single, and has resided with members of his family on his late homestead. His occupation was that of a plain farmer. He was warmly attached to his family, and was an exemplary Christian—having been a member of the Lutheran church for sixty years. One year ago (in 1878) he became a member of the Ashland CountyPioneer and Historical society, and took a deep interest in the attempt, by his fellow members, to record the incidents of the past and preserve the memory of those who cleared and improved our beautiful county. Now, he too has been called over the great river to join the millions who have been summoned home, having died April 21, 1879. He was a quiet, industrious, Christian gentleman, and we trust his account will be found approved by the Great Author of our being.

The members of his family consisted of five children, all grown: George, Mary M., wife of Daniel Ambrose, of Montgomery; Elizabeth, wife of James McDermot, of Iowa; Sarah, wife Of Daniel Kramer, of Iowa; and Margaret, wife of Jeremiah Deardorf, deceased, of Indiana.

Mr. Westheffer was buried at the White church, six miles east of Ashland, and his funeral sermons were preached by Revs. Roseberry and Keiffer. May he rest in pace.

MICHAEL THOMAS

was born in Somerset county, Pennsylvania, in the year 1802, and was of German descent, When about eighteen years of age he married Elizabeth Myers, and in the spring of 1821, he and his brother-in-law, Samuel Myers, removed to the southeast quarter of section thirty, in Montgomery township, then of Richland county, but now of Ashland county, Ohio, where he purchased, and since improved the farm upon which he resided until his death.

When he erected his first cabin there were but few settlers in that part of the township, and he states that of those present, he remembers Daniel Carter, sr., Joshua Brown, Mr. Wheeler, Joseph Sheets, David Markley, Captain Andrews, Henry Gamble, and possibly Richard Beer, and a few others, including Samuel Myers, his brother-in-law, who was to occupy the same cabin, a double one.

When he and Mr. Myers came on they stopped a few days in Uniontown (now Ashland), where they became acquainted with the late Henry Gamble, Joseph Sheets, and the Markleys.

He cut a path to his land, wide enough to permit his wagon, a covered one, and four horses to pass, and obtained rye straw of Mr. Gamble to feed his horses until they could live on wild grass, and sprinkled a little salt on it as an "appetizer." Of nights, the horses were tied around the wagon, exposed to the cold rains until he could cut logs, and by the aid of pioneers erect a stable. At first the only floor in his cabin was provided by nature—the bare ground. It snowed freely a night or two after he and his family entered the new cabin, and melted

HISTORY OF ASHLAND COUNTY, OHIO - 259

quite rapidly, flooding the floor, when, to procure a dry resting place, he cut a lot of brush, and piled it up a bed in the middle of the cabin. Being remarkably rugged, and ambitious to have a home, he set to work at once to remove the forest, and prepare for planting his first crop of corn, and succeeded in raising a small field the first summer.

Near where he and Mr. Myers erected their cabin, was a fine mineral spring, a resort of deer as a lick. Near this an Indian had erected and deserted a neat wigwam or pole cabin, which was still standing, covered with bark. He was of opinion that the but had been built by the noted Indian hunter, Jonacake, who often visited the pioneers of the township.

At that time, his music consisted of almost nightly serenades by the wolves, which were quite numerous, but dangerous only to the small flocks of sheep brought on by the pioneers.

Mrs. Thomas, though formerly occupying a comfortable home in Pennsylvania, consented to accompany him to the wilds of the new country, that they might obtain a property of their own, and entered heartily into the task of assisting him in the preparation of a log cabin home in the forest, consenting to encounter all the privations incident to such an undertaking, and survived to share his toils and anxieties until 1863, when she deceased at the age of sixty-two years. Mr, Thomas subsequently married Barbara Myers, a sister of his first wife. His death occurred August 9, 1878.

Mr. Thomas was an honest, hard-working farmer, and by his strict integrity and thrift, had accumulated a fine fortune, which he shared with his children. He had experienced many privations in early life, but submitted to them like a brave man, that he might enjoy better things in the future.

When a young man he became a member of what is now known as the Dunkard or Brethren church, and was an exemplary Member thereof about fifty-four years, and at his decease expressed a willingness to die and go home to a better world.

The members of the family consisted of six sons and six daughters. The surviving sons are: Jonathan, Philip, Michael, jr., and John ; the daughters, Sarah, wife of David Bolyeat; Elizabeth, wife of Jesse Vanosdall; Fannie, wife of Jacob Bolyeat; Nancy, wife of David After; and Catharine, wife of John Benigoff. The majority of the foregoing reside in Ashland county.

The obituary committee of the Ashland County Historical and Pioneer society upon learning the death of Mr, Thomas adopted the usual resoutions.

Thus, in a few years, at most, the last of the pioneers will have been gathered home, We are indebted to them for having penetrated the forest wilderness of Ashland county, and for rescuing it from its original occupants. Let us honor them for what they have accomplished, and preserve their memory by continuing the improvements they began.

ROBERT CULBERSON

was born in Huntingdon county, Pennsylvania, March 19, 1796, where he grew to manhood, attending the common schools of his neighborhood; and married Miss Elizabeth Sharp, December 13, 1818, and removed to Harrison county, Ohio, where he remained about five years, and then purchased his homestead in Orange township, then in Richland, but now in Ashland county, upon which he located in the fall of 1824, and resided until his decease, being a period of about fifty-five years.

When he landed, Orange township was covered by its native forest. A few Delaware Indians from the Fire Lands, on the Western Reserve, continued to hunt annually in the township, and often visited the cabins of the settlers, and were then thought to be an inoffensive and harmless race. Mr. Culberson, with other neighbors, at one time became somewhat alarmed for the safety of Mr. Biddinger, a gunsmith, up the stream, who had unfortunately offended some of the Delawares. A noted hunter, named Jim Jirk, was observed to be skulking in the settlement. Mr. Culberson and others were put on the alert, but no harm resulted from the Indian.

The ancient trail leading from Mohican Johnstown, near Jeromeville, to the Canesadooharie or Black river, passed near the residence of Mr. Culberson. It is supposed that the captive, James Smith, was led up this part in 1755, by his Delaware captors, on his way to Lower Sandusky. The route was a favorite one of the ancient Mohegans in 1765, to the close of the border wars, and many tragic scenes have, doubtless, occurred along this trail.

Mr, Culberson improved his fine homestead, residing there over half a century, and was much respected by the old pioneers, and always regarded as a kind-hearted, Christian gentleman, ever ready to reciprocate the, kind acts of his neighbors. In 1843 he was elected justice of the peace for Orange township, and acquitted himself so well that, in 1846, he was re-elected for another term,

At the organization of the Presbyterian congregation in Orange, in 1832, Mr. Culberson became one of the ruling elders, and was one of the early members who survived to the present time. He was always esteemed as an exemplary, high-minded, Christian gentleman, ever living with his neighbors in great peace and contentment, and conforming to the requirements and usages of his church, and presiding in his family in an humble, Christian spirit; and his death evinced the fact of his readiness to depart to the better land, the home of the Christian.

In 1875, he became an active member of the Ashland County Pioneer and Historical society, and took much pleasure in relating the early scenes and occurrences of his part of the county.

He died February 23, 1880. The wife of his youth had preceded him to the grave about one year. Two sons, Joseph and John, had also gone home. The surviving members of his family were four daughters and one son, Thomas, who resides on the homestead.

260 - HISTORY OF ASHLAND COUNTY, OHIO.

PETER STENTZ

was born in Green township, Columbiana county, Ohio, November 14, 1807. His father, Daniel Stentz, emigrated to Fayette county, Pennsylvania, when he was six months old.

In 1829 he was united in marriage to Mary Ranshaw. In 1832 they moved to New Lisbon, Ohio, and from thence to Orange township, Ashland county. He purchased the premises owned respectively by Edward Wheeler, Jacob Cline, and John Richards. He enjoyed the acquaintance and friendship of Daniel Summers, James Clark, Samuel and John Richards, Joseph and George Fast, Henry Heiffner, Philip Biddinger, and others, whom he esteemed very highly.

Mr. Stentz was the father of nine children, all of whom are living, except one, and are settled in life. He also had two brothers and three sisters—all but one have left the shores of time.

Mr. Stentz was, for many years, a member of the Presbyterian church in Savannah, Ohio; subsequently he united with the Methodist Episcopal church at Troy center, and, as far as circumstances would permit, attended the means of grace at that place.

In his last sickness his sufferings were intense, but he endured as seeing Him who is invisible. A short time before his death, when asked in reference to his spiritual enjoyment, he said: "I am trusting and resting in Jesus." He gave clear evidence to the last that the messenger of death found him prepared and ready to depart in peace. The funeral services were conducted by Rev. George W, Walker, assisted by Rev. S. Z. Kaufman, in the Methodist Episcopal church at Troy. After the services his remains were laid by the side of kindred forms, in the cemetery north of that place.

"Let me go; my soul is weary

Of the chain which binds it here;

Let my spirit bend its pinion

Tor a brighter, holier sphere.

" Earth, 'tis true, has friends to bless me,

With their fond and faithful love;

But the hands of angels beckon

Me to brighter climes above."

PETER BURNS

was nearly a hundred years old at the time -of his death. Upon visiting him in 1879, the following notice was published in the Ashland Press..

“THE OLDEST MAN IN ASHLAND COUNTY.

Some days since we had the pleasure of visiting, perhaps, the oldest maU in Ashland county, in the person of the venerable Peter Burns, of Milton township, at the home of Mrs. John Brindle, near the Black fork. Mr. Burns was born in Frederick county, Maryland, in July, 1782, just before the termination of the American war of independence. His father resided about twenty-eight miles west of the city of Baltimore, and died near Gettysburgh in 1815, aged about eighty-seven, and his mother near the same place at an advanced age. His father was from Scotland, and his mother of German descent. Mr. Burns had reached the age of about thirty years when the war of 1812 was declared between the United States and Great Britain. He was enrolled in the Maryland militia, and served in the company commanded by Captain William Derbins, in the defence of Baltimore and North Point, as well as Fort McHenry. About the middle of August, 1814,

the British fleet passed up the Chesapeake with about six thousand troops, under the command of General Ross, destined for the capture of Washington city. It landed on the Patuxant, twenty-five miles from its mouth, five thousand men, and marched across to the Federal city, by way of Bladensburgh, where Commodore Barney confronted the British army, but failed to repel their march, General Winder, at the head of three thousand raw militia having made but a feeble stand, fleeing to Washington city, pursued by the exultant British, who burned the capitol, the president's house, and other public buildings, and then fled to their shipping. General Ross was greatly elated over this achievement, although the act was denounced in the English House of Commons. and by all civilized Europe. It was regarded as the act of a marauder and a vandal. General Smith prepared to meet Ross at Baltimore. General Strickler rallied the militia, numbering about fifteen thousand, and prepared to defend the town. Ross landed eight thousand soldiers at North Pdint, fourteen miles from the city, and part went up the Patapsco to bombard Fort McHenry. General Strickler repelled the advance of General Ross in a heavy skirmish, in which Ross was killed, and after his army continued to bombard lhe garrison for many hours the enemy withdrew, and the body of Russ was carried, as reported, to England in a hogshead of rum to be buried. After the withdrawal of the British, Mr. Burns and other soldiers from Frederick county, returned to their homes.

About 1825 Mr. BurUs commenced to learn the trade of a stonecutter and bricklayer, at which he informs me lie worked industriously until he was over ninety-one years old, a period of nearly sixty years. During that time he worked in Baltimore, Little York, in Virginia, and in many parts of Maryland and l'ennsylvania.

About the year 1845 he came to Ashland county with his wife, and was joined by his son-in-law, the late John Brindle, who settled on the farm where the surviving members of his family now reside, near the Black fork. Mr. Brindle continued to reside there until 1877, when lie deceased, aged about. sixty-two years. Mr. Burns and his lady, being well advanced in years, became a part of the family of Mrs. Brindle. Mrs Burns die dat the residence of her daughter on Christmas day, 1878, aged about eighty years. Mr. Burns is the father of four living children —Emanuel, Samuel, Jacob, and Susan, wife of the late John Brindle.

Mr. Burns has been drawing a pension of ninety-six dollars, since 1872, for services performed in the war of 1812. His mind is quite clear, though his powerful frame is greatly broken by hard work. lie is now content with ordinary exercise. In his prime he weighed about two hundred and tell pounds. His average weight is now about one hundred and eighty pounds, and his height, about six feet two inches He eats and sleeps well, though at this time he is harassed by a bad cough. His remarkable age must be attributed to a fine constitution. His mother and father died at advanced ages. In fact, longevity has been characteristic of his family, and he may survive to reach one hundred years. He has never been compelled to pay many doctor bills. Temperate eating and living have done more than medicine to give him long life and vigor. Though his sight is failing, his senses remain unimpaired. He has always been a man of peace, and strongly attached to justice and integrity, and opposed to the desolating march of war and internal strife. May his remaining years glide peacefully away, and happiness crown his eventful days."

Mr. Burns died March 16, 1880. He retained his usual health until near his decease. He had lived under the old colonial government, and met many of the fathers of the Revolution He has now gone to his rest, where we trust he will find the peace of a patriot and a just man. Soon we will see the last of the patriots of 1812. All honor to them.

The remains of Mr. Burns were buried in the cemetery of Ashland, on Thursday, March 18th, by the company of Captain Finger, with, military honors. With the exception of the late Patrick Murray, who lacked a few months of one hundred years of age, Mr. Burns was probably the oldest man in the county, and near the last of the 1812 soldiers,

PHILIP & MARY FLUKE.

Philip Fluke was born in Bedford county, Pennsylvania, in 1791. In about am he was married to Mary Summers, who became his companion for a lifetime. They raised a family of eleven chrldren, seven sons and four daughters, as follows: Henry, Lewis, Samuel, Philip, Catharine, Jacob, David, Eliza, Lucinda, Margaret, and John. Some few years after his marriage he emigrated to Ohio, and settled in what is now Orange township, Ashland county,—in that day a wilderness of heavy timber, with few if any settlers. Hard work was to be done, as was expected, before a comfortable home could be had, but neither Mr. nor Mrs. Fluke were persons to flinch from an undertaking they had commenced. The first' work to be done was the erection of a small log cabin to shelter the family from the storms and protect them from the attack of wolves' and other wild animals, which nightly prowled about the lonely cabin. As soon as a 'home was built, the sturdy father made an onslaught on the forest, and every blow of his ringing axe accomplished something toward removing the heavy timber and preparing a place where could be planted corn and the future subsistence of the family provided for. In time, the land was cleared and improved, but during the most of his long life there was still hard work to be done.

As soon as Mr. Fluke had improved the land included in his first purchase, he added to it acre by acre, until he possessed eight hundred acres of valuable lands. His family gradually increased, but soon the elder children became his assistants, and as they grew to maturity and desired to have homes of their own, he gave to each son one hundred acres of improved land, on which to commence life. His aim in life had been accomplished, and his children would never be compelled to begin, as he had done, in an unbroken wilderness. He departed this life in 1876, surviving his beloved wife but six weeks. Both sleep their last sleep side by side in St. Luke's cemetery, their names and virtues being held in loving remembrance by their children and other relatives who are left behind.

Henry Fluke, the eldest child of Philip and Mary Fluke, was born in Pennsylvania in art, and when a small boy accompanied his parents to their new home in Ohio, where he grew to manhood, and performed his part in the pioneer work of the county. He was married in 1836 to Margaret Switzer, and raised four children: Mary Ann, Wilson, Amanda and Enos, all of whom left the parental roof except the elder son, Wilson. He was an energetic, industrious and frugal man, esteemed by all who know him. He died in December, 1875, leaving his widow and his son Wilson, who cares for his mother in her declining years, on the home farm in Orange township.

.

Lewis Fluke was born in 1813, and died at the old home, unmarried, in 1844.

Samuel Fluke was born in 1814, and lived in the vicinity of his father's family until 1874 or '75, when he removed to Iowa, where he now resides.

Philip Fluke, jr., was born in 1816, and removed to Indiana about 1845, when that State was new and almost unsettled. He was by trade a tanner, and in that business accumulated a good property, but is now retired, and still lives in Indiana.

Catharine Fluke was born in 1819, April 1st, at the old homestead, where she lived until the time of her marriage to Abraham Fast, January 23, 1840, when she removed to his home on the Troy and Ashland road, where she now resides with her son Byron, who manages the farm and cares for his mother. She raised a family of three sons and two daughters, who are now living: Wilson A., Jennie E., Judson L., Byron F., and Mary B. The daughters are married and live in the west. Judson lives in Nevada, unmarried, and Byron remains at home, also single. Three other children of Mrs. Fast—Melissa A., James I., and Rollin,—died in infancy. Mr. Fast, her husband, died November 28, 1862, aged forty-six years.

Jacob Fluke was born in 1820, married, and lives on the farm adjoining his brother John's, in Orange township.

David Fluke was born in Orange township in the year 1822, and lived on the home farm until his marriage, in 1845, to Miss Hannah Stine. They had five children: Lucinda, Celia Ann, Laura Jane, Perry M., and a son who died in infancy, unnamed. Mr. Fluke died in the fall of 1866, and his widow remains on the farm with her children, Laura and Perry, who care for their mother in her declining years.

Eliza Fluke was born in Orange township in 1825. She married David Campbell, and now lives in Iowa.

Lucinda Fluke was born in 1826, at the old Fluke homestead. She married Lewis Mason, and after a few years deceased.

Margaret Fluke was born in 1829. She married John Sherick, and lives in Orange township.

John Fluke, the youngest member of the family, was born in 1831. He remained with his parents, caring for them until their death. November 24, 1864, he was married to Elizabeth McDowell, by whom he had three children: James S., Mary S., and Esther C. Mary died when five years of age. The wife and mother died February 15, 1879, and Mr. Fluke was a second time married to Freelia A. Thomas, February 5, 1880. They live on a part of the home farm, where they have a good home.

HISTORY OF ASHLAND COUNTY, OHIO - 261

HENRY FLUKE

was born in Huntingdon county, Pennsylvania, December 20, 1811. His father, the late Philip Fluke, emigrated with his family to Orange township, Richland, now Ashland, county, in October, 1816. Mr. Fluke grew up on the old homestead, north of the village of Orange, married Miss Switzer, daughter of Jacob Switzer, and located a short distance south of the residence of his father, where he had been an active and prosperous farmer for many years. At the pioneer organization in September, 1875, at Ashland, he became a member of the society. When his father's family located on a branch of the Mohican, in Orange township, and for several years afterwards, it was the custom of the Delaware Indians, from Black river, and the Fire Lands, on the Western Reserve, to pass up and down the old trail, which ran near his father's cabin, with peltry and furs, on their way to Pittsburgh and other trading points, to exchange the same for blankets, amunition, and other necessaries, They often camped on the bottom, in the fall to hunt, and in the spring to make sugar. At that period they were harmless of any intent to injure their white neighbors. They occasionally poached upon the swine and fowls of the pioneers, but this was of rare occurrence. Mr. Fluke stated that on such visits it was the habit of his mother, on seeing the approach of the savages, to draw in the latch string of the cabin door, that no temptation to enter might be given the Indians. They were never disturbed in any way, except by the loss of a few fine shoats.

He died December 17, 1875. Mr. Fluke was a citizen of excellent habits, moral, intelligent, industrious, and upright. Though not a member of any church, no citizen sustained a better record for integrity and manly bearing than he. It will be difficult to fill the station in society vacated by his decease.

MICHAEL MORR

was born in Center county, Pennsylvania, October 10, 1796. He was of German descent. He resided in his native county until manhood, when he married, and in the year 1827, with his wife and one child removed to section seven, in Perry township, Wayne (now Ashland) county, Ohio, where he continued to reside until his decease, which occurred Sunday, June 10, 1877, at the advanced age of eighty years and eight 'months. The immediate cause of his death was dropsy, of which he suffered for many months.

When he landed in the woods, his neighbors were : Charles Wilson, William Lash, Jonas H. Gierhart, William Latta, Samuel Sheets, James Boots, Frederick Wise, Jacob and Benjamin Myers, Hugh Carr, William Shisler, and Jacob Onstott ; most of whom have long since been called home to rest.

He entered the forest as a pioneer, cleared a farm of ninety acres, and erected substantial and valuable buildings thereon. He passed through all the hardships and privations incident to the settlement of all new countries. He performed a full share of the toil expended in opening highways through the dense forests, in logrolling, erecting cabins, school-houses and churches, and lived to see his township and county thickly populated, and dotted with villages, towns and happy homes.

He assisted in the erection of the first Lutheran church, on the old Meng farm, east of Jeromeville, as far back as 1833, and attended the same until about 1840, when a small class of the Evangelical church was formed in his neighborhood, and occasional preaching took place at the houses of the members for six or seven years,

In 1845 he lost, by death, his excellent and much beloved wife, who was a member of the new class.

About the year 1847, steps were taken for the erection of the Evangelical church located in the neighborhood of Mr. Morr, and he became an active member of the same, and has ever since sustained his professions by a devout life.

He was an industrious, frugal,. honest, exemplary Christian, and died in great peace. The members of his family consist of four sons: George, Michael, Jacob, and Henry; and four daughters: Julia Ann, wife of William Clapper; Sarah, wife of Reuben Kramer; Harriet, wife of William Holmes; and Christena, wife of John Clouse.

The remains of Mr. Morr were deposited in the cemetery attached to the Evangelical church, of which he was a member, and the funeral services were conducted by the pastor, Rev. Crouse.

JOHN McCLAIN,

son of Samuel McClain, was born in Washington county, Pennsylvania, August 20, 1796. He attended the common schools, and grew to manhood in his native county. The McClains were of Irish extraction, and all large, tall men. They were Protestants, and, like most of the Scotch-Irish, were Presbyterians in faith and practice.

Mr. McClain married Miss Mary Lash, of Washington county, Pennsylvania, and removed to, and located in, Perry township, then in Wayne, but now in Ashland county, in 1817, and settled near the present site of the village of Rowsburgh. He has, therefore, resided in Ashland county about sixty-two years. When he entered Perry township, it was almost an unbroken forest, abounding in large numbers of deer, wolves, and other wild animals. The Delaware Indians, former inhabitants of Greentown and Jerometown, still continued to return to the township in the spring and fall, to make sugar and hunt. The township at that time was but sparsely settled, and Mr. McClain was often solicited by pioneer neighbors to assist in the erection of cabins, at log-rollings, and to prepare fields for culture, and most cheerfully responded to all such invitations. He resided in Perry township for many years, and saw it gradually change from a dense forest to cultivated fields, and blessed with an industrious and intelligent population. Being remarkably ingenious in working wood, though

HISTORY OF ASHLAND COUNTY, OHIO - 262

never having learned a trade, he could frame a building, construct a saw- or grist-mill, make the woodwork of a plow, or do almost any other species of work needed by the early farmers of his neighborhood. Naturally industrious, his services were often brought into requisition by the pioneer farmers of Perry and Mohican townships.

In 1844, he had the misfortune to lose the companion of his youth by death. He subsequently married Margaret Noble, who still survives to mourn his loss.

He resided some time at Jeromeville, and then removed to a farm in the south part of Montgomery township, where lie continued to reside for some years, and then sold out and removed to his late residence in Ashland.

Of late years his habits have been retiring; but his tall form, erect, and apparently, until of late, quite vigorous, with long flowing beard, white as snow, made him noticeable on the streets or at his place of public worship. He was always diffident, and never sought the emoluments or distinctions of office. He was careful and conscientious as a voter, and desired to cast his suffrages for honest and competent officers,

In religious opinion and faith Mr. McClain was an exemplary and devoted member of the Presbyterian church. He became a member of that denomination in his younger years, and was often chosen to fill leading positions, such as deacon and elder. Up to the close of his life, it was rare that his venerable form was not seen in his pew, at the proper hour, on the Sabbath.

He was in possession of all his faculties to the close of life. On Tuesday morning, the day of his decease, he was quite cheerful and walked to and from the post-office, as was his daily custom. After the middle of the day he engaged for a short time in preparing wood, and as is supposed, became faint and attempted to return to his room, buf fell, and after a renewed struggle, entered the kitchen gasping for breath, attracting the attention of Mrs. McClain, who hastened to his aid; but died in a few moments without uttering a word. His decease occurred February 12, 1876.

Mr. McClain was an honest man, a good neighbor, and a sincere Christian. He has passed over the dark river, we hope, to a happier land, the home of the good and the pure. He died childless; and leaves but the companion of his riper years to mourn his loss.; but not without hope of joining him in that eternal home prepared for the righteous.

The funeral services were preached at the residence of Mr. McClain by Rev. John Robinson, D. D., and some reminiscences of the deceased were related by Rev. Thomas Beer, A. M., and his body borne to the grave by the deacons and elders of the Presbyterian church, February 14, 1876, followed by his neighbors and friends,

JOSEPH BECHTEL

was born in Lancaster county, Pennsylvania, August 28, 1811, and came with his father's family, Peter Bechtel, sr., to Milton township, Richland, now Ashland, county, in 1824. His father located on the southeast quarter of section eighteen. There were but fifty or sixty families in the township at that time. The mother of Joseph Bechtel died in 1822 in Lancaster county, Pennsylvania, and his father remained single. He died in 1861, aged about eighty-five years. His family consisted of Joseph, Barbara, wife of Jacob Storer, and Jacob, who resides in Indiana. Joseph married Magdalena Bauer in 1831, by whom he had the following children : Susannah, Peter, Mary, Catharine, and two sons and one daughter deceased. One son died in company K, One Hundred and Second regiment, Ohio volunteer infantry, in the late war. When the Bechtels located in Milton wild game, such as deer and turkeys, was abundant. There was an occasional black bear to be found, and the shrill shriek of the panther was frequently heard in the forest. Wolves were plenty, and very destructive upon sheep. Wild hogs, springing from the domestic race, and escaping from their owners in search of mast were quite numerous, and when disturbed, very ferocious. Mr. Bechtel states that about 183o he was pursued in the night season through the forest by a panther, and it did not desist, although he carried a torch a good part of the way, until he was safely in his father's cabin. He had, also, a fight in which he was severely wounded in the knee by a frantic boar, and will carry the scar to his grave. He is now sixty-five years old and quite vigorous, He states, in 1829, while wild game was vet plenty, he offered Frank Graham, then the principal merchant in Ashland, sixty pounds of good wheat for one-fourth of a pound of powder, and was refused. Wheat had no market, but ammunition was cash. About the same time, he hauled twenty-four bushels of good wheat, with a wagon and three horses, to Portland, now Sandusky, and was gone seven days, and stuck in the mud eight times, and obtained but three shilling—thirtyseven and one-half cents per bushel for his wheat. About 1870 he sold his homestead and removed to Ashland, where he now resides. He has been an active member of the United Brethren church about twenty- two years. As a citizen, he is industrious, frugal and upright. He has passed through all the stages of pioneer life, and is now ready to be garnered with his fathers. In 1879 Mr. Bechtel and lady removed to the State of Kansas to reside with a married daughter, and are enjoying fine health at the present writing, 1880.

HENRY SHELLER

was born in the city of Philadelphia in 1760. His parents were of German and English descent. When sixteen years of age, he was apprenticed to an uncle in Lancaster county to learn the trade of a shoemaker. After the close of the Revolutionary war he located in Westmoreland county, where he remained until 1805, in the meantime marrying. In that year he removed with his family to Columbiana county, Ohio, where he remained until 1814, when he removed to Canton, Stark county, and in 180 located in Mifflin, Richland county,

HISTORY OF ASHLAND COUNTY, OHIO - 263

Ohio. Here he deceased in 1845, aged about eighty- five years. His family consisted of Samuel, who enlisted in the war of 1812, and was captured at the surrender of General Hull, and taken to Montreal, and never returned; Jacob, who died in 1838; John, who resides in Vermillion township, Ashland county ; and three daughters,

John Sheller was born in Westmoreland county, Pennsylvania, March 4, 1805, and was an infant when his father removed to Columbiana county. He has passed through all the pioneer scenes of the early settlers of this county, and is remarkably vigorous for a man of his age. He is a prosperous and thorough-going farmer. His homestead is valuable, and he is surrounded by a thrifty community. He is a man of few words, unflinching in his integrity, and inflexibly opposed to prevarication and shams. His family consists of three sons—William, Henry and Manuel ; and three daughters, Ellenora, Sarah and Mariah--all married but the youngest daughter. His wife had been married to John Brubaker, who deceased. She became the wife of Mr. Sheller in 1840.

MRS. SARAH H. ANDREWS

was born in Massachusetts in August, 1796. She was the daughter of Levi Gates, one of the early families of that State, She married Mr. Andrews, having lost a former husband, when quite young. She accompanied her husband to Ohio in 18.17, and located in Uniontown, now Ashland, in the spring of that year. When they arrived the present site of Ashland was nearly covered with the primitive forest, there being but about five houses in the town. It is remembered that the owners or occupants of these residences were Joseph Sheets, nearly opposite the present hardware store of Isaac Stull, on Main street; William-Montgomery, near where Mrs. Wages resides; David Markley, where the town hall now stands, and John Croft, a tanner, who resided just south of that point. These constituted the population of Uniontown. Mrs. Joseph Sheets, we believe, is the only person of this number known to be alive, and present at the funeral of her old and esteemed friend, on the fourteenth of February, who was brought to Ashland to be interred beside her husband, Alanson Andrews, who died May 0, 1850.

During the lifetime of Mr. Andrews, he and his family resided on what was formerly known as the David Markley farm, bounding Ashland on the southwest, having purchased the same from Mr. Markley. Some time in 1830, Mr, Levi Gates, father of Mrs. Andrews, became a citizen of Ashland, residing with his daughter, and died September 6, 1837, aged about seventy-two years. Her mother died in Massachusetts, some years prior to his decease. Mrs. Andrews was the mother of the gifted and scholarly Lorin Andrews, who died president of Kenyon college, and is believed to have been the second child born in Ashland, in 1819. Some years since Mrs. Andrews removed to Geneseo, Illinois, to reside with a relative, all her children having sought homes in the west.

It has been about sixty-two years since Mr. and Mrs. Andrews landed in the wilds of this region, very few suspecting, at that time, that the little village in the woods might in the future become a large town and county- seat. How great the change. In lieu of the rugged settlers who cleared the forests, erected cabins, and constructed our highways, and caused the country to blossom as the rose, a new people now cultivate our fields and possess the homes of the hardy pioneers who have been gathered to the tomb. Here • and there may be found a surviving pioneer, with tottering gait and trembling hand, frosted with years, to remind us that all must bid adieu to the scenes of time sooner or later.

Mrs. Andrews died at Geneseo, Illinois, February 9, 1879. She had many friends in Ashland, and their sympathies are extended to those who have been bereaved in her death. She was an exemplary member of the Presbyterian church for many years, and evinced due preparation and fitness for another and better world. Her death brings to remembrance many reminiscences of the past. The remaining pioneers in this region, in her departure, call to recollection the scenes of other days, and their early experiences in the forests of this county, In her decease they are reminded of the certainty of death, and preparation that fits all mankind for another and better world, where all pain and trouble shall cease.

JUDGE WILLIAM OSBORN

was the third son of Ralph and Catharine Osborn, late of the city of Columbus, at which place he was born May r, 1821, and was fifty-eight years old at his decease.

His father, Ralph Osborn, was a native of Waterbury, Connecticut, who, after studying law at Litchfield, Connecticut, and Albany, New York, moved to the west in the year 1806, and at first settled in Franklinton, but afterward removed to Jefferson, then county-seat of Pickaway county. He was elected clerk of the house of representatives of the Ohio legislature, in the session of 181o, and consecutively until 1814; and during the winter succeeding, he was elected auditor of State. This office he held until the winter of 1833-4, when he was succeeded by the late John A. Bryan.

The mother of Judge Osborn was of the family of John Renick, of the south branch of the Potomac, in Hardy county, Virginia, who moved to Ohio and settled upon the rich lands of Pickaway county, lying west of the Scioto river, about the year 1803 or '4. The family of which Judge Osborn was a member, consisted of four sons and four daughters, After the death of his mother, his father was married to Mrs. Jane Turney, of Columbus, the widow of Dr. Daniel Turney, a very eminent and skilful physician of that city. By his second wife, he had three daughters.

Judge Osborn received his earlier academical instruction at Blendon, Franklin county, under the teaching of the late Rev. Ebenezer Washburn. After that, he was

264 - HISTORY OF ASHLAND COUNTY, OHIO.

sent to the Ohio university, at Athens, Ohio, and spent three years in study, under the direction of the late Alexander McGuffey, then president of the university, and with whom the student was upon more friendly and intimate relations than are usual between students and their teacher. After quitting the university, Mr. Osborn had partially made up his mind to enter upon a purely business career, as distinguished from a professional one. For this purpose he entered the dry goods store of his brother, the late James D. Osborn, of Columbus, and was in this employment about one year. The details of this kind of business were not congenial. Though of very soft and winning manners, and likely to be popular with customers, he could not brook the confinement and tedium of measuring cloth by the yard-stick, or of tying up parcels neatly, or of putting up goods from counter to shelf. Besides this, his constitution, never very robust, was not likely to be improved in the confined employment of a .store. Of a reflecting and studious habit, he preferred the companionship of books, and when deeply immersed in the logic or narrative he had in band, he was apt to become quite oblivious to events about him. He became convinced that his future success in life, and his own tastes and comfort, would be much more promoted in a professional life, than in the drudgery of business. Accordingly, he determined • to commence the study of the law.

His elder brother, John R. Osborn, then of Norwalk, was in the practice of the law in Huron and other counties, and occasionally extending to Richland, He offered the young man a place in his office, as well as a home in his family.

In the course of the first winter after commencing, and while young Osborn was pursuing his studies, he felt that he could do something in the way of support by teaching school. It was not long after this determination was known that he obtained a good school in Bronson, five miles south of Norwalk. This school was in the immediate neighborhood of Alexander McPherson, a prominent, leading citizen of Huron county, and afterwards a member of the legislature from that county. Mr. McPherson took the teacher into his own family. He was a Scotch- man, intelligent, industrious, quick-witted, and devout, There grew up between the two a warm friendship, which continued through life. Mr. McPherson was some years the senior of Judge Osborn, and died about two months after the latter was buried, The school lasted about four or five months. Mr. Osborn continued the study of the law in his brother's office for a period of something over two years, perhaps two and a half years, and was admitted to the bar at the session of the supreme court in Huron county in the year 1846.

The county of Ashland was organized in the year 1846, and was composed of parts of Richland, Huron, Lorain, and Wayne counties.

It was in the year 1847 that, pondering and considering the field of his future employment, he determined to locate at the village of Ashland, then recently made the county-seat of the new county. The Hon, R. C. Parsons, now of Cleveland, had been spending about a year

or so at Norwalk. The young men were nearly of the same age, and together they started out from Norwalk to Ashland. They took up quarters at Mr. Slocum's, and young Osborn soon found a room for an office, and hung out his shingle.

He was ex-judge of the court of common pleas for this district, and one of the most highly esteemed men of northern Ohio. He died at his home on Center street, Wednesday, February 11, 1880, at two o'clock. His illness was of brief duration, dating from Monday, the second instant, when he was confined to his room by an attack of acute pneumonia. On the day previous he had attended church, both morning and evening, evincing more than usual enjoyment of the communion services which distinguished that day.

At an early period of his illness he gave evidence that he had little hope of his recovery. While his suffering was not extreme, there was a feeling of utter weariness and desire for rest that shadowed the coming of the hour when he should "enter into that rest." The death of Judge Osborn was such as every good man might wish to die, and such as only a noble man could die. The last hour of his mortal life was a fitting close to a long, useful and honorable career. On Wednesday morning he refused to take any medicine whatever, seemingly conscious that the time of his departure was at hand. At an early hour his life-long friend, A, L. Curtis, was sent for to draw up a will. After this was done he appeared very much exhausted, and rested quite a while before making any effort to speak. At last rousing himself he reached out his hand to his daughter, who was sitting at the bedside, and said : "I must leave you, good-bye," As the grief-stricken family gathered around the bedside he gave each an affectionate farewell, and then, in a tone of peaceful assurance, said: "It is right, I should go before." Thus fell asleep William Osborn in the fifty-ninth year of his age; honored in public and private for the graces and virtues of character that ennoble human nature. "Mark the perfect man and behold the upright for the end of that man is peace."

The following sketch of Mr. Osborn's life is taken from the Ashland Times, under the cover of the signature of J, E, S.:

William Osborn came of good New England stock. He was the third son of Ralph and Catharine Osborn, and was born in Columbus, Ohio, May 11, 1821. He received his collegiate education from the Ohio university, at Athens, when that institution was enjoying its greatest prosperity, taking his degree about the age of twenty-one. Thence he went to Norwalk, Ohio, and entered the law office of his brother, Hon. John Osborn, now of Toledo. Having in due course of time accomplished his legal studies and been admitted to the bar, he decided to begin his practice in Ashland, then a small village of large expectations. He came to this place in 1846, and prepared for the practice of his chosen profession. In 1853 he entered into copartnership with L. J. Sprengle to publish the Ashland Times, Mr. Osborn's name appearing as editor. From this position he retired at the end of three years in order to devote all his time to the practice of law. In 1846, soon after locating, he entered into law partnership with Willard Slocum. In 1858 he formed a copartnership with A. L. Curtis. The firm of Osborn & Curtis had a large and flourishing practice for many years. The firm was dissolved in 1866, when Mr. Osborn was elected judge of the court of common pleas. After retiring from the bench, in 1871, he resumed practice at the bar. January 1, 1875, he associated P. S. Grosscup, esq., with himself over the name of Osborn & Grosscup. Owing to the rapid growth of their office business Mr. C. J. Kenny

HISTORY OF ASHLAND COUNTY, OHIO - 265

was admitted to the firm last year, and the firm name changed to Osborn, Grosscup & Kenney.

As a lawyer, Judge Osborn ranked very high in this section of the State. His was a mind of mental grasp and power. He was an acute thinker, a clear, conclusive reasoUer. If his physical strength had been commensurate with his intellectual ability, his reputation and influence would have extended far beyond the limits of northern Ohio. He was especially distinguished for the ability of his pleadings, and an extensive knowledge of the principles and practice of law. He was, in a pre-eminent degree, a wise and conscientious counsellor, enjoying the confidence and patronage of many corporations, commercial houses, and capitalists, to whom he held. the relation of legal adviser.

From early manhood Mr. Osborn was a man of affairs, devoting much time and money to promoting worthy public enterprises. Every good cause received his support, and for over thirty years he has been identified with the industrial, commercial, and moral growth of Ashland. The years have been few in which he has not been serving his fellow-citizens in some place of public trust with marked zeal and fidelity. As a member of the board of education, he has had much influence in building up our public schools. As a public-spirited citizen, he has been identified with all public improvements. At the time of his death he was president of the Ashland County Mutual Insurance company, a position which he held for ten years. He has been a member of the hoard of directors for a period of twenty years. He was also a director and stockholder of the First National bank.

In politics, Judge Osborn was an ardent and consistent Republican, loved by his party associates, and esteemed by his political opponents. He was a skilful party organizer, and trusted party leader to the day of his death; yet in the hottest political campaigns no breath of slander, or taint of dishonor, ever touched him. His name was always above reproach. In his death the Republican party of Ashland county has sustained an irreperable loss.

But if in public and professional life he was conspicuous for ability and nobility, with how much more brilliant lustre does his name and character shine ip private life, distinguished as he was for unostentatious benevolence and generous helpfulness, especially to young men struggling to secure a foothold in a chosen business or profession. A man of abstraction in thought, he was yet a careful observer and lover of the young. There are young men who owe a lifetime of success to the counsel and substantial assistance rendered by Judge Osborn, at a time when the only security they could offer was that of personal honor. As long as gratitude springs up in the human breast, so long will the memory of this sainted lawyer be kept green in the hearts of many who have bad the blessing of his confidence and counsel. The memory of this just man "blossoms in the dust." His deeds of benevolence were done so quietly, that not even nearest friends knew how constant and frequent were the acts which have distinguisded his private life. "Those who knew him best loved him most."

Few men have been so happy in their home life, and few have infused such a spirit of love and happiness in the domestic circle as this husband and father, whose attention was so constantly engrossed by public and professional duties. In all the plans and pleasures of home he was a participant. The little things, which enter so largely into home life, were never overlooked. That ready sympathy which made the friend of the young in business,here found its freeest expression. Judge OsborU, especially at home, was a genial companion. His conversation abounded in practical observations of men and things, set off in a delightful way, by the kindly humor which pervaded all that he said. Mathematical studies had great attraction for him, and he toot much pleasure in solving new problems as he formed them. He had a wide and familiar acquaintance with standard literature, and kept abreast with the best current thought and investigation of the day.

At an early period of his professional life Judge Osborn united with the Presbyterian church, and at once took his place as a Christian worker. His loss will be especially felt in the Sunday-school, where he has been engaged as a teacher or superintendent for almost thirty -years. No part of the Sunday-school escaped his attention, and many poor children have been provided with clothing, that they might attend Sunday-school,. without knowing that the means were provided by one who bad seen their need. 'This was a characteristic feature of his benevolent spirit; he avoided observation and comment in his charitable work.

Even from our imperfect sketch it will be seen that the life and character of Judge Osborn was exceptionally noble and exalted. There was in him a rare combination ot the higher qualities of human nature. He has demonstrated that a noble Christian life is compatible with the practice of law and the discharge of political duties; that it is possible to be an active participant in public life, and yet keep "oneself unspotted from the world." Pure and above reproach he passed through thirty-four years of public life, a distinguished example of the highest type of Christian manhood. It was indeed befitting, that when the mortal remains of William Osborn were passing to their last resting place, that business should be suspended and the public schools closed as a tribute of respect to his memory. He rests from his labors and his works do follow him."

W. T. ALBERSON

was born in Orange township, Ashland county, Ohio, September 17, 1846. He entered the auditor's office as clerk, March 14, 1870; was elected auditor in October, 1874, by eight hundred and thirty majority, and reelected, in October, 1876, by seven hundred and sixty- one majority. He and W. G. Heitman purchased the Ashland Pi ess, July 17, 1879; of which paper Mr. Alberson is editor.

The following letter the author inserts in this place :

MINE LAMOTTE, April 15, 1876.

MR. GEORGE W. HILL, ESQ.:

I was absent when your letter arrived, which accounts for it not being answered sooner. Your first query is, "where did J erome settle on Mohican." When we came to the county he was living at Jerometown, in a small cabin, a short distance apart from the Indian houses. He cultivated some six or eight acres of land ; kept a few horses, cattle, and swine; he also kept a house of entertainment. lie and the Indians did not get along very well. They wished him to divide the pro- -ducts of his farm with them ; this he refused to do, the consequence was, when they had whiskey they whipped him. When the Indians left he said he gave his squaw the privilege of going or staying with him. She chose to go with the Indians. He then bought land where Jeromeville now stands, but sold to Mr. Deerduff. He soon after settled at Huron, in Huron county, and married a white lady, and died shortly after. Jerome commenced trading with the Indians when seventeen years old, but how long he continued a trader I do not know. He was with the Indians in Wayne's campaign, but whether he was with them in Harmar's and St. Clair's, I do not know. You enquire how much cleared land the Indians had. I never saw their field, but it was situated out of sight of the village; I think only a few small patches. The cleared land around the village was a lawn well set with blue grass with an occasional tree and a few shrubs, perhaps amounting to six or eight acres. I was in the village during the residence of the Indians, some three or four times. The village consisted of some five cabins, about sixteen or eighteen feet, one story high. 'The council- house, I think, was a temporary building, built lodge fashion. I do not recollect ever having seen it. I did see Pipe, and his wigwam was . in Jerometown. I have no recollection of wife and children. lie appeared to be fifty years old ; a tall, dark, straight Indian. I never talked with him ; perhaps father did, but I think not much, as Pipe was a surly, unrelenting foe of the whites, and had but little intercourse with them. I think he left with the other Indians. I have no knowledge of Captain Pipe, junior. The Captain Pipe the author speaks of must have been some other Captain Pipe. I know that an Indian by that name resided at Jerometown in the years 1809, 1810 and 1811. I believe there were more Captain Pipes than one. I think Jerome said the Indians had been on Mohican about ten or twelve years previous to the white settlement, but of this I am not positive, but it was not very long.

Very respectfully yours,

JAMES FINLEY.

DR, HILL'S CENTENNIAL ADDRESS.

DELIVERED AT ASHLAND, OHIO, JULY 4, 1876.

FELLOW-CITIZENS:—This is the natal day of our independence. We have assembled to review the progress of a century. How amazing has been the change in these valleys. At the close of the Revolutionary war the territory now constituting the great State of Ohio was in the possession of the red men of the forest, the Wyandots, the Ottawas, the Mohegans, the Senecas, the Delawares, successors to the fallen Eries, owned and hunted upon the headwaters of the Mohican.

In 1755, just prior to the defeat of General Braddock, James Smith, a Pennsylvania youth, was captured and brought to the Indian village of Tullehas, on the Lake fork of the Mohican, and adopted by the Mohegans. He afterward ascended what has since been known as the Jerome fork of the Mohican, and passed over what are now the townships of Lake, Mohican, Montgomery, Orange, and Sullivan, to the headwaters of the Canesadooharie or Black river. He was, probably, the first American who penetrated these wilds.

In 1760, after the surrender of Canada to the English by the French, Major Robert Rogers, of the Royal army, was ordered to take charge of the western forts, one of which was situated at Detroit. On his return east, he passed around the southwestern border of Lake Erie, by the Maumee and Sandusky, down the old trail across what are now the counties of Crawford, Richland, Ashland, Wayne, Holmes, and Tuscarawas, to Fort DeQuesne, now the city of Pittsburgh. He tarried and hunted one day at Mingo village, probably where Jeromeville now stands, in January, 1761. He and his red-coated soldiers were the first armed men who penetrated these valleys.

From memorials preserved by Rev. John Heckewelder, the Moravian missionary, it is presumed that sometime between 1750 and 1760, Mohican John, with a remnant of the old Connecticut Mohegans, from near Montreal, Canada, founded a village on a branch of the Walhonding, on section eighteen of what is now Mohican township, and gave name to all the streams of this county.

In 1782, the disastrous military expedition of Colonel William Crawford passed over this county en route for Upper Sandusky. The story of that ill-fated movement is too well remembered to need repetition. Many of his defeated, dejected, scattered, fugitive troops, as they hurried through the forests of Richland and Ashland counties, fell a prey to the tomahawks and scalping knives of the exasperated red men. Thus, on the branches of Mohican was avenged the bloody work of Williamson and his men on the Tuscarawas.

In 1783 the Indian village of Greentown, on the Black fork of Mohican, was founded by an American tory from the blood-stained valley of Wyoming. After that sanguinary slaughter, Thomas Green, who had aided the fierce Mohawks to murder his countrymen, fled to the wilds of Ohio with Jelloway, Armstrong, Billy Montour, Tom Lyons, and others. The village received the name of the white fiend, and was called Greentown.

In 1791-2, the Mohegans and Delawares of these valleys joined the Wyandots, Shawnees and Miamis in repelling the invasions of Harmar and St. Clair, and disaster met our arms at every point. The Delawares, of Greentown, were led by their chief; Thomas Armstrong, while the Dslawares upon the Sandusky and the Huron were led by Captain Pipe. In 1794, these confederate tribes met the vigilant and unconquerable Wayne, at Fallen Timbers, and were signally routed, while their military ardor was forever crushed, and their power broken,

In 1795, the treaty at Greenville gave the United States the fertile valleys, streams and forests of northern Ohio. Reservations were assigned the conquered, and they ceased to deprecate upon the border settlements. The territory thus acquired was erected into one county, perhaps the largest in the world, and received the name of the hero that wrested it from the proud-spirited red man, Wayne. Soon after the treaty, Captain Pipe and a remnant of the wolf tribe of the Delawares, with a Frenchman by the name of Baptiste Jerome, joined the Mohegans at their village, in what is now Mohican township. In 1806-7, the territory of this county was surveyed into ranges, townships, sections and quarter-sections, by deputy United States surveyors; and a land office was established at Canton, and subsequently at the village of Wooster, for the entry of wild lands. Very soon the primitive forests of Wayne and Richland counties were penetrated by the enterprising pioneer.

On the fifteenth of April, 1809, Alexander Finley and family, from near Mt. Vernon, Knox county, Ohio, settled and erected an humble cabin on the present site of Tylertown, in Mohican township. About the middle of May, he was joined by William and Thomas Eagle and John Shinnabarger, and their families. Their nearest white neighbor was John Baptiste Jerome, a French trader, who had married a squaw, and lived in a cabin on the present site of Jeromeville, a village that was named after him. He had cleared thirty or more acres of land, had horses, cattle and swine, and was attached to the band of Captain Pipe, who resided near the Indian village.

In March, 1809, James Copus and family passed

- 266 -

HISTORY OF ASHLAND COUNTY, OHIO - 267

through the Indian village of Greentown, on the Black fork of Mohican, and located, in a pole cabin, near the present site of the John Charles mill. Upon his arriva he found near the Indian village, a wild, rollicking, Wes Virginian, and his wife, who fancying the nomadic habit: of the Indians, had settled in their midst and hunted with them.

From 1809 to the spring of 1812, as near as now car be ascertained, the following families located within the present limits of this county; On the Clear fork: Samuel Lewis, James Cunningham and Peter Kinney. On the Black fork: Henry McCart, Thomas Coulter, Allen Oliver, George Crawford, David Davis, Edward Haley, John Davis, Melzer Charles, and Bazel Tannehill, Joseph Jones, Ebenezer Rice, Joseph Hill, Lewis Hill, Calvin Hill, Harvey Hill, Moses Adzit, Jeremiah Conine, Sylvester Fisher, Otho Simmons, Frederick Zimmer, John Lambright, Martin Ruffner, Melzer Coulter, John Coulter, and Abraham Baughman. On the Lake and Jerome forks: James Loudon Priest, William Greenlee, Thomas and Joshua Oram, Mordecai Chilcote, Vachtel Metcalf, Jacob Lybarger, William Bryan, James Conley, Benjamin Bunn, James Slater, James Bryan, Elisha Chilcote, James Collyer, George Eckley, Jonathan Palmer, James Wallace, Ezra Warner, John Carr, David Noggle. and in what is now Montgomery township: Robert Newell, Daniel Carter, Jacob Fry, Benjamin Cuppy, and Christopher Trickle. These families, by reciprocal aid, had succeeded in erecting comfortable cabins and in clearing and cultivating a few acres in Indian corn, the first year of their settlement.

Early in the spring of the year 1812 the Indians on the branches of the Mohican began to be uneasy, and frequent visits to Sandusky and Detroit were made. It was noticed when they returned they were in possession of new blankets, guns and tomahawks, The seductive influence of British agents was brought to bear, and the demeanor of the Delawares evinced their readiness for the fray.

In June the United States declared war against Great Britain. The events of the Revolution forcibly constrained her to admit the independence of the colonies; yet she refused to execute the treaty in good faith, and availed herself of every equivocation to justify her perfidy. She refused to vacate the western forts, and paid a price for human scalps in the campaigns of Harmar, St. Clair and Wayne, and claimed the right to impress our sailors and seamen into British service.

Governor Meigs, of Ohio, was required to furnish twelve hundred militia for the defence of the northwest and the border settlements. These, with other troops, were placed -under the command of Brigadier General William Hull, of Dayton, Ohio, and marched to the Maumee, and thence to Detroit, where, without a struggle, on the sixteenth of August, he surrendered his army to the British commander, Major General Isaac Brock. The army of Hull contained about twenty-five hundred men, well armed, with an abundance of fixed ammunition, and plenty of rations. The circumstances attending the surrender were of the most suspicious character. Hull, stupefied from intoxication, was believed to be a venal coward, and was doubtless bribed with British gold. The surrender was execrated by the brave officers and men who had thus been treacherously betrayed into the hands of the enemy.

Upon the reception of the news of the surrender, alarm and consternation spread throughout the border settlements of Ohio. It was apprehended that Tecumseh, with his red fiends, flushed by the late disaster, would immediately begin a war of extermination upon the defenceless people of this region. By order of the governor, the citizens of the border counties were enrolled in the home guards, to defend their firesides against invasion from the relentless savage. In a few days General Payne and Colonel Johnson arrived at Dayton with two thousand Kentucky militia, and were joined by Tupper and Winchester with one thousand regulars, who hastened forward and held Tecumseh and his bloodthirsty bands in check. In the meantime, Colonel Samuel Kratzer, from Mt. Vernon, received orders to remove the Jerome and Greentown Indians to Urbana, where they could be restrained from joining the hostile Indians under British influence.

A few days after the removal of the Greentown Indians, the cabin of Frederick Zimmer, near the Black fork, was attacked, and he and his wife and daughter, and Martin Ruffner,_ killed and scalped by a band of hostile Greentown Indians, from Sandusky; and on Tuesday morning, September 15th, the guard at the cabin of James Copus was surprised and he and a part of the guard killed. Immediately thereafter there was a general flight of the pioneers to the block-houses at Beam's, on the Rocky fork; Samuel Lewis's, on the Clear fork; James Loudon Priest's, on the Lake fork; Jerome's Place, on the Mohican; Clinton, in Knox county, and to Wooster. In a few days most of the pioneers of Green township returned, and a block-house was prepared on the lands of Thomas Coulter, and another of the cabin of Allen Oliver, in which several families quartered during apprehended danger. In the meantime a stockade was erected by James Loudon Priest, in Lake, and another by Vachtel Metcalf, in Mohican, and a cabin defence by John Shinnabarger, to which several families retreated for safety.

During the panic there were many adventures and amusing occurrences. We have room for but one or two : The family of Alexander Finley sought safety at Wooster, which was about eleven miles away. Arranging his cabin, and concealing such articles of value as could not be carried along, he and his family crossed the Mohican and proceeded as rapidly as possible along the Indian paths. Suddenly recollecting that he had several young calves in a pen, he returned to let them out lest they might starve in his absence. Having done so he again turned toward the fort at Wooter ; but supposing he could save distance, attempted to pass straight through the forest, He became confused, traveled in a circle, had to sleep upon the leaves and did not reach the fort until he had been out over thirty hours and serenaded by the wolves. Jacob Lybarger, a neighbor, also

268 - HISTORY OF ASHLAND COUNTY, OHIO.

fled to the Wooster block-house. In his haste he gathered his only child from the cradle, wrapped in a blanket which he swung across his back, and started along the paths, directing his wife to follow. The shades of evening made the forest gloomy; Mr. Lybarger exerted himself lest night and darkness might prevent his escape. His wife followed for a time near by, but at last becoming quite fatigued hallooed to her husband : " Jake, Jake, are you afraid!" The brave husband, being somewhat nettled at the curiosity of his wife, exclaimed: "No, I am not afraid !" The journey was continued, and Mr. Lybarger failed to slacken his pace. In his haste along the winding paths he was considerably embarrassed by the brush and brambles. Suddenly stumbling upon the child, his wife again exclaimed: "Jake, you need not say you are not afraid you have dropped Maria and did not know it !" The little daughter was speedily replaced, survived the war, and upon reaching womanhood became the wife of the late Justus S. Weatherbee.

Some weeks after the flight of the pioneers General R. Beall, with an army of about one thousand seven hundred soldiers, passed by Jerome's Place, and cut, on the old Wyandot trail, a wagon path through the townships of Vermillion, Montgomery and Milton, and thence over Richland county to Sandusky. This army was followed by General Robert Crooks, from Pittsburgh, with a large army train, and about two thousand two hundred soldiers. From Jerome's Place he cut a trail southwest by the Indian village of Greentown, known as the old Portage road, and quartered some weeks at the village of Mansfield. Troops from these armies were detailed at various points to defend the block-houses of the pioneers.

During the continuance of the war the following families quartered in the Priest stockade when menaced by danger from the savages: James L. Priest, William Greenlee, William Hendrickson, Nathan Odell, John Oram, Thomas Oram, Joshua Oram, and Mordecai Chilcote; at Shinnabarger's—William and Thomas Eagle, Jacob Laybarger, and Alexander Finley; at Metcalf'sWilliam Bryan, James Conley, Elisha Chilcote, Benjamin Bunn, James Slater, and James Bryan; at the Jerome . block-house—Robert Newell, Jacob Fry, Benjamin Cuppy, George Eckley, Jonathan Palmer, James Wallace, Christopher Trickle, James Bryan, Daniel Carter, John Carr, Ezra Warner, and David Noggle; but Messrs. Guppy, Fry and Carter did not remain, Mr. Carter and family passed on to Tuscarawas county, and returned in a few months to their cabin in Montgomery, and again entered the fort, where Mrs. Carter died, Those who forted at Beam's, Lewis's, Coulter's, Oliver's, and Clinton's, were the Olivers the Coulters, the Tannehills, the Rices, the Chapels, the Crawfords, the Adzits, the Baugh- mans, the Kinneys, the Conines, the Lambrights, the Copuses, and the Hills. About eighteen of the Green township block-house pioneers, ranging from sixty-eight to eighty-three years of age, yet survive. Of those who gathered at the Priest fort, John Greenlee, and of those of the Jerome fort, Daniel Carter, jr., and Joshua Carr are believed to be the only survivors.

The inmates of the block-houses succeeded in cultivating vegetables and small fields of corn in 1813, while several families returned to their cabins and were undisturbed. Indeed, the danger was probably considerably exaggerated from the beginning. The treachery of the Indians and the disasters that befell our army in the northwest kept the border settlements constantly in a state of anxiety. By the aid of hominy-blocks and hand- mills the pioneers were enabled to provide, by the expenditure of considerable labor, for their families.

Upon the declaration of peace, the tide of emigration again set in, and hundreds of families pressed forward in search of homes in the wilderness. The woodman's axe re-echoed through the forests, and cabins sprang up in every quarter. A glance at the method of raising cabins, and the geniality of the pioneers may not be inappropriate. The first cabins were generally made of round logs, which were cut in suitable lengths and dragged by oxen to the spot selected for the erection of a house. The pioneers for miles around, gathered with ox-teams and hauled the logs as the axe-men cut them in proper lengths. While this was being done others were riving clapboards for the roof. A good axe-man was placed at each corner to notch the logs as the hands shoved them into position. When the main building had been erected the roof was rapidly constructed. A section of logs was cut out for a chimney, a door, and a small window, the floor being of huge puncheons or the ground. Having brought a lunch along, each hand exerted himself until the completion of the cabin, and then all congratulated the owner on his new home and dispersed. In such rude cabins hundreds of those present to-day lived fifty or sixty years ago. They were warm-hearted, whole-souled people, and though some of them possessed rough exteriors, they were noted for their hospitality and manhood. The log-rollings, corn-huskings, flax-pullings, road-making, ancient militia musters, bear and deer hunting need no detail at my hands. They will never be forgotten.

While the sturdy pioneer was thus cutting away the forest, and opening and fitting for culture a homestead, how were the mothers, wives and daughters of the pioneers employed ? They, too, toiled, and were not clothed in costly garments. Woollens, calicoes, cottons, and other goods of eastern manufacture, were scarce and expensive. The deficiency was supplied by home industry, Attention was given to the coloring properties of roots, barks and berries, combined with alum, copperas, soda, and other alkalies used in dyeing flax and wool for domestic manufacture. Flax was extensively cultivated, and the hum of the spinning-wheel was heard in almost every cabin, When woven into linen, it was much used for shirting, pantaloons, sheeting, and other uses. When combined with wool, it was called "linsey-woolsey," and was very generally worn by both sexes. What were known as hunting-shirts, with a cape and belt, and beautifully fringed around the edges, were worn by the men. Almost every housewife of that era could spin and weave. The "bang, bang," of the ancient loom, and the magic shuttle shot to and fro under the threads of the warp, as the stout fabric grew under

HISTORY OF ASHLAND COUNTY, OHIO - 269

skillful hands, instead of the piano, made music for the cabin. These good mothers have long since gone to rest. Monuments and gratitude should preserve their memories.

The food of the early settlers was exceedingly plain, and consisted, for the first year or two, of hominy, cornmeal, and wild meat. The majority of the pioneers possessed one or two cows which fed on sedge-grass and browse. Milk was abundant, but sometimes tainted with wild onions and the buckeye. Mush and pone were the standard food. Almost every cabin was adorned by the primitive hominy block ; the preparation of food by such instruments was tedious and quite laborious. The hand- mill, constructed of a bowlder, after the fashion of a coffee-mill, came into extensive use. The hopper was an inverted cone, with a cylinder of the same material exactly fitting the hopper, perforated by a shaft and regularly grooved, was placed on a pivot and propelled by the aid of a lever by one or two hands ; this was a slow process, Horse-mills soon followed, and then water- mills, and, at a later period, the steam grist-mill. The first water-mill was built by Benjamin Cuppy, near Ashland, in the spring of 1816. The next mill was built by Martin Mason (now Leidigh's), in March, 1816; the next by John Raver, near the present site of Rowsburgh, in 1817; the next by Constance Lake, on what is now Goudy's run, in Vermillion township, in the fall of 1817. Prior to the erection of these mills, the pioneers obtained grists at Shrimplin's mill, on Owl creek, and at Stibbs', one or two miles below Wooster. The trip, by the Indian paths, was difficult and attended with danger, as several streams had to be forded, and the forests abounded with wolves, panthers, and other wild animals. The trip consumed from two to four days, and had to be made on the pack-saddle. Many of the mill-boys of sixty years ago are here to-day. How great the change in a single generation!

Organization seems to be the highest characteristic of the Anglo-Saxon. Wherever enough adventurers or pioneers are found to locate, the first prominent idea is to call a meeting and organize for self-government. In the midst of the war-like excitements of 1812-15, the pioneers of the branches of the Mohican, failed not to remember that self-government was the boon for which their revolutionary fathers contended. As rapidly as the population would permit, they began to organize townships and elect magistrates to enforce the laws and preserve order. In range fifteen, Lake township was organized in 1814, Mohican in 1812, Perry in 1814, and Jackson in 1819. In range sixteen, Hanover was organized in 1818, Green in 1812, Vermillion in 1814, Montgomery in 1816, and Orange in 1818. In range seventeen, Mifflin was organized in 1815, Milton in 1816, and Clearcreek in 1818. Of the Reserve townships, Ruggles was organized in 1.826, Sullivan in 1819, and Troy in 1835. The earlier settlers after the war, on the north half of range fifteen were: John Carr, John Ewing, Joseph Chandler, Aaron Cory, John Raver, Benjamin Emmons, James Scott, Richard' Smalley, Henry Worst, Arthur Campbell, Cornelius Dorland, Noah Long, John Chilcote, Isaac Lyons, John Jackson, John Davault, Charles, Hoy, Jacob Berry, Thomas and Andrew Cole, John A. Dinsmore, J. H. Gierhardt, Josiah Lee, Jesse Matthews, Michael and Matthias Rickel, John and William Hamilton. On range sixteen, north of Green, James Wallace, Robert Finley, Samuel Bolter, Jonathan Palmer, George McClure, William Harper, William Reed, William Ryland, Joseph Workman, George Eck- ley, Ezra Warner, John Scott, William Montgomery, Jacob Shaffer, Elias Slocum, Daniel Carter, John Springer, Jacob Figley, George W. Urie, George W. Palmer, Alanson Andrews, Samuel Urie, Joseph Sheets, David Markley, Henry Gamble, . Joel Luther, Jacob Crouse, William Latta, Peter Swineford, Richard Beer, Michael Riddle, Vachtel Metcalf, Amos Norris, Jacob Young, Patrick Murray, Martin Mason, Lott Todd, Joseph and John Bishop, Christian Fast, Solomon Urie, Thomas Green, Mordecai Chilcote, Philip Fluke, Jacob Hiffner, peter Biddinger, Rudolph Branderberry, and James Clark. In Hanover, Stephen Butler, William Burwell, Thomas Taylor, Robert Dawson, William Webb, Abner Winters, Abel Strong, John Burwell, George W. Bull, and Nathaniel Haskell. On range seventeen, John Lam- bright, David Braden, Leonard Croninger, Michael Culler, Daniel Harlaw, George Thomas, Jacob Keever, Alexander Reed, Robert Nelson, James Andrews, Peter Brubaker, John Clay, Frederick Sultzer, Henry Keever, Abraham Doty, Thomas Smith, Joseph Bechtel, Andrew Burns, John Hazlett, Andrew Stevenson, Joseph Charles, John Woodburn, J. Crawford, Robert McBeth, David Burns, John Richards, W. Freeborn, James Haney, William Shaw, Abraham Huffman, Peter Van Ordstrand, Isaac Van Meter, Patrick Elliott, Abel Bailey, John Bryte, and many others.

The earliest settlers in Ruggles, Troy and Sullivan were: Bradford Sturtevant, Daniel Beach, James Poag, Harvey Sackett, Aldrich Carver, Norman Carter, Reuben Fox, Jacob Roorback, Perry Durfee, Joseph Parker, Nathaniel Clark, Benjamin Moore, Christian Bush, David Mason, Ralph Phelps, Sanford Peck, Nicholas Fast, Philip Biddinger, Ashael Parmely, Jesse Chamberlin, Abijah Chamberlain, Thomas Rice, James Palmer, and one or two other families.

Next to the organization of townships came the founding of villages. The order of their survey and plat is as follows: Loudonville by James Loudon Priest, in 1814; Perrysville, by Thomas Coulter, in 1813; Jeromeville, by Christian Deardorf and William Vaughn, in 1815; Uniontown, now Ashland, by William Montgomery, in 1815 ; Petersburgh, now Mifflin, by William B. James and Peter Deardorf, in 1816; Savannah, by John Haney, in 1818; Orange, by Amos Norris and John Chilcote, in 1828; Hayesville, by Thomas Cox and Linus Hayes, in 183o; Perrysburgh, by Josiah Lee, in 1830; Mohicanville, by Simeon Beall and Henry Sherradden, in 1833 ; Sullivan, by Sylvanus Parmely, Joseph Palmer, Ira Palmer, and Joseph Carlton, in 1836; Rowsburgh, by Michael D. Row, in 1835; Lafayette, by William Hamilton and John Zimmerman, in 1835; Polk, by John Kuhn, in 1849; Troy Center, by Dr. Norris, in 1851 ; and Ruggles Center in 1860.

270 - HISTORY OF ASHLAND COUNTY, OHIO.

In the first settlement of this county, the interests of education were not forgotten. The earlier schools were taught in log cabins, and teachers paid by subscription, They received low wages for their services, Many of the pioneers, owing to the sparseness of the settlements, instructed their own children. The first school-houses were of the most primitive character. They had large fire-places, rude benches, and light was reflected through oiled paper, instead of glass. The earlier teachers were generally from New York, Pennsylvania, New England, and Ireland; the reading books were few, and spelling, reading, writing, geography and arithmetic constituted the course. Rigid rules were adopted and enforced, sometimes by birch. On the approach of the holidays, boys and girls expected to be treated by the teacher, and the expectation was generally gratified. Elizabeth Rice, subsequently Mrs. John Coulter, is believed to have taught the first school, near Perrysville, in 1814, She now resides at Congress, Wayne county. Asa Brown taught in 1816. Mrs. Nancy Elliott taught in Clear- creek, in 1817. Robert Nelson taught in Milton and Clearcreek, in 1817; Rev. John Hazard, in Montgomery township, in 1818 ; John Swaggart and Sage Kellogg, in Orange, in 1819; John G. Mosier, in Perry, in 1820; L. Parker, in Lake, in 1820; John Bryte, in Clearcreek, in 1823; William Irvin, in Vermillion, in 1823; Therygood Smith, in Ashland, in 1824; Chandler Foot, in 1825, and Daniel Austin, in Sullivan. Up to that period, all schools were paid by subscription. At a later day, a fund was collected by taxation, for the erection of schoolhouses, and to pay tuition; since which, school-houses and schools have kept pace with modern improvements,

In 1839 an academy was founded at Ashland and successfully conducted until about 1850, when it was merged into the union school system. It acquired an extended reputation under the management of the late lamented president, Lorin Andrews, than whom Ohio never produced an abler educator nor a more estimable citizen.

In 1845, Vermillion institute, at Hayesville, was chartered and authorized to confer degrees. It originated through the efforts of Rev. Lewis Granger, J. L. McLain and the citizens of the town. It has had, thus far, a career of varied success. It is handsomely situated and should command -a liberal support.

In 1858 an academy was established at Savannah. It has had able teachers, and has sent forth many young men and ladies, who have made their mark, in various localities, as instructors.

In 1871 an academy was established at Perrysville, under the management of Professor J. C. Sample, an able educator. It is in a prosperous condition.

Believing that integrity, uprightness, courage, intelligence and morality should constitute the foundation of society, as well as the State, our fathers failed not, in their new homes; to inculcate those ideas. An occasional minister from the older settlements preached in the cabins of the pioneers or to people assembled in the forest. Religious societies were organized, and hewed log churches erected by the voluntary contributions of labor, prepared timber, and other materials. The first church was erected in the northeast part of Vermillion township in 1817, and was known as "Eckley's." It was free to all Protestant ministers, but was chiefly used by the Methodists. The Presbyterians, of Milton, organized in 1816, and erected "Old Hopewell" one mile west of Ashland, in 1819. "Hopewell" and "Eckley's," formed the nucleus from which Presbyterianism and Methodism radiated in this county. The German Reformed and Evangelical Lutherans began to organize congregations •as early as 1825-30. The Baptists in 1824, the Disciples in 1830, the German Baptists in 1845, the United Brethren in 1848, the German Methodists in 1832, and the Congregationalists in 1838.

The leading ministers have been: Joshua Beer, William Matthews, Robert Lee, James Robinson, Robert Fulton, Samuel Moody, John Robinson, Thomas Beer, Samuel Baldridge, William Hughes, William Colmary, S. Diefendorf, T. B. Van Emmon, F. A. Shearer, W. C. Kniffin, A. Scott, J. R. McLain, J. Y. Ashenhust, W. T. Adams, S. T. Boyd, John Hazard, Fathers Goff and McIntire, H. O. Sheldon, Elmer Yocum, Elijah Yocum, Russell Bigelow, W. B. Christie, Edward Thompson, Thomas Barkdale, John H. Power, Adam Poe, J. McMahan, David Gray, John Mitchell, Jesse Warner, H. M. Shaffer, Rolla H. Chubb, P. B. Stroupe, AWL. Your- tee, W. J. Sloan, William Gilbraith, E. Eastman, J. J. Hoffman, W. A. G. Emerson, S. Ritz, Isaac Culler, A. H. Myers, W. J. Swick, M. L. Wilhelm, Francis Ruth, M. Hartsbarger, John Risser, D. R. Moore, H. H, Sanders, S. E. Matzinger, Richard D. Emerson, John Rig- don, Solomon Neoff, I. N. Carman, Mr. Tulloss, Mr. Wiley, Mr. Eddy, B. Y. Seigfried, John Cox, Lewis Granger, S. Stanley, Andrew Burns, James Porter, John Reed, Judson Benedict, L. Norton, S. E. Pearree, John Lowe, N. P. Lawrence, John Bryte, David Sprinkle, 1). H. Rosenburg, E. B. Crouse, and E. F. Woodruff.

The healing art is the custodian of the highest interests of the people, and the educated physician, properly devoted to his profession, has it within his power to contribute largely to the health and elevation of society, for healthy minds must come from healthy bodies. Diseased bodies rarely contain minds that are not affected with eccentricities, depression, and melancholy; and so long as people place more value upon a horse or a cow than upon the life of a human being, mental deficiencies and bodily frailties will be transmitted. For the first six or eight years after these valleys began to be settled, the nearest physicians were at Mt. Vernon, Mansfield, and Wooster. The prevailing diseases were agues and bilious fevers, caused by the exhalations of decaying vegetable matter in marshes and ponds, during the summer and autumnal months. They rarely proved fatal. Butternut pills, bitters of wild cherry bark, boneset tea, and black alder, were freely used. "Blood-letting" was deemed a sovereign remedy for many ills. "Turnkeys" and the lancet were used by the surgically inclined pioneer. The earlier physicians were: Joel Luther, Joseph E. Cliff, Harrison Armstrong, E. B. Fuller, Thomas Hayes, William Deming, Abraham Ecker, Moses Owens, Thomas

HISTORY OF ASHLAND COUNTY, OHIO - 271

Eagle, J. S. Irwin, Robert Irwin, John Hanna, George W. Paddock, Gustavus Oesterlin, W. C. Moore, 0. C. McCarty, William Mead, William B. Young, J, L. McCully, Joseph Hildreth, and Constance Lake. The leading physicians of a later date are : Willard Slocum, N. S. Sampsel, Bela B. Clark, J. W. Kinnimam, I. L. Crane, J. P. Cowan, D. S. Sampsel, David Armstrong, Andrew J. Scott, James Yocum, Samuel Glass, John Ingram, John Lambert, S. Z. Davis, Amos B. Fuller, J. W. Griffith, J. Chandler, H. Buchanan, 0. L, Andrews, George Weedman, George Gregg, A. B. Sampson, and many others.

The legislative act creating this county was passed February 24, 1846. It was formed of the territory of Richland, Huron, Lorain and Wayne counties. The fractional townships of Mifflin, Milton and Clearcreek, and the full townships, of Hanover, Green, Vermillion, Montgomery and Orange were from Richland county; while Ruggles was from Huron; and Sullivan and Troy, from Lorain; and the fractional townships of Jackson, Perry, Mohican and Lake, were from Wayne county. On the first Monday of April, 1846, the county-seat was located at Ashland by a vote of the electors. In 1847-8 the present jail was erected by 0. S. Kinney, architect, and cost the county about fourteen thousand dollars. An old Ate church, purchased on the site of the grounds selected for the erection of county buildings, was occupied some seven years as a court house, In 1851 the present court house was commenced by O. S. Kinney, architect, and completed in 1853. It cost about twenty thousand dollars. In 1849 Sylvester Alger and George W. Urie, architects, constructed the county infirmary in Vermillion township. It cost about four thousand dollars. Topographically, this county is admirably situated. It contains two principal slopes or water-sheds, one-half of the streams flowing north and the other south. The uplands, south of the dividing ridge, slope gently to the south, presenting fine views for residences, and are most desirable lands for culture. At many points a landscape of eight or ten miles sweeps before the vision, giving as lovely a view of valley, stream and gentle slope, dotted with farms and villages, as can be found on the globe. The soil is of clay, second bottom loam, and rich alluvium along the streams, giving every variety of soil. North of the dividing slope the lands are of stiff clay, and better adapted to grazing and stock ; and many fine cattle are produced for the eastern market. It is also noted for its fine dairies, butter and cheese. The people north are from New England; south, from Pennsylvania, New York, New Jersey, Maryland, Virginia and Germany.

In 1812 the land constituting this county was valued at about three hundred and thirty thousand dollars, In 1876 the same lands, with their improvements, are valued at about seventeen million dollars.

In 1812 the chattle property would not exceed the meager sum of six thousand dollars, In 1876 the chattle property of this county, appraised at its money value, will reach six million dollars.

In 1812 the population, as near as can now be ascertained, was about one hundred and fifty souls. In 1876

the entire population is estimated at twenty-six thousand five hundred and forty.

In the constitutional convention .of 1851, delegates were elected by Ashland and Wayne counties as a district. Ashland county elected John J. Hootman; and Wayne, Ezra Wilson and Dr. Leander Firestone, and upon his resignation, John Larwill.

In the constitutional convention of 1873, each county elected the number of delegates to which it was entitled in the house of representatives. Dr. George W. Hill represented Ashland county.

The legal profession of Ashland county will compare favorably with the younger counties of the State. Our people are not noted for a tendency to litigation. Their occupation is mostly agricultural, and calculated to conciliate and encourage integrity and uprightness in dealing. Crime has been quite limited, and but one execution for a capital offence has taken place since the organization of the county—that of Charles Steingraver, for murder. The attorneys who have practiced at the Ashland bar are : Nicholas M. Donaldson, James W. Smith, Erastus N. Gates, John S. Fulton, Bolivar W. Kellogg, John H. McCombs, William A. Hunter, Jonathan Maffett, James Sloan, John W. Rankin, John Clark, H. H. Johnson, 0. F. Jones, Willard Slocum, William Osborn, S. W. Shaw, J. Vincent, A. M. Fulton, A. L. Curtis, Alexander Porter, Thomas J. Kenny, George W. Geddes, William Henry, Thomas J. Bull, Amos Norris, George W. Carey, John J. Gurley, William Cowan, Francis Kenyon, N. Huber, John Scott, William B. Allison, George W. Hill, G. H. Parker, William B. McCarty, Robert Beer, John J, Jacobs, Robert M. Campbell, William T. Johnson, George B. Smith, H. S. See, H. S. Knapp, J. P. Devor, J. D. Jones, John McCray, Henry McCray, D. S. Sampsel, J. Hahn, William 0. Porter, Peter S. Grosscup, Byron Stilwell, and Charles Dorland.

The bulwark of liberty is an enlightened press. Neither tyrants, venality, nor the frowns of the ambitious can put down an independent, high-toned journal. It is the vanguard of progress and civilization. It is the foe of corruption, the friend of truth and of science. As long as we have an incorruptible press, the rights of mankind will be safe.

The newspapers of this county have been the Mohican Advocate and Journal, at Loudonville, established in 1834, by Mr. Rogers; its career was brief. The Ashland Herald appeared in 1834, and was published by J. C. Gilkison; it lived about eight months. The Ohio Globe, by Joshua H. Ruth, appeared in 1836. It was a Van Buren organ, and survived about one year. The Western Phoenix, by Thomas White and Samuel McClure, appeared in 1840. It was a Harrison organ. It lived about ten months. The Ashland Standard, by R. V. Kennedy, appeared in 1849. It was for paper money, and lived about two years. The Ashland Democrat, by W. A. Hunter and Jonathan Maffet, appeared in 1846. H. S. Knapp succeeded as editor of the Democrat in 1848, and purchased and merged the Democrat and Standard into the Ohio Union. He was succeeded by

272 - HISTORY OF ASHLAND COUNTY, OHIO.

John Sheridan, he by Collins D. Bushnell, he again by H. S. Knapp, he by John J. Jacobs, he by J. M. & J. H. Landis, they by George W, Hill, and he by Benjamin F. Nelson and William H. Gates. The paper in the meantime having changed in name to States and Union, and the Ashland Press. 'The Ashlander, by William B. McCarty, appeared in 1850. It was a Whig journal. In 1852 it passed into the possession of L. J. Sprengle, and the name was subsequently changed to the Ashland Times. Mr. Sprengle was publisher and William Osborn editor, Mr. Osborn retired in 1855, and Josiah Locke became editor. In 1857 he retired, since which Mr. Sprengle remained editor and proprietor until November, 1875, when he sold the paper to J. D. Stubbs & Co., with J. E. Stubbs as editor. The Independent of Loudonville, by Robert Lockhart, appeared as a temperance organ in 1867, and ceased to exist in 1874. The Loudonville Advocate, by Joshua H. Ruth, appeared in 1872. It is neutral in politics. The Hayesville ,journal, by J. B. Paine and E. T. Fairchild, appeared in 1875, It is also neutral in politics,

Of the brave soldiers of the Revolution, John Tilton, Jacob Hiffner, Jacob Shaffer, Frederick Sultzer, John Davis, and Adam Link, were citizens of this county. John Wheeler was killed in Orange township about 1819. Abraham Decker, of Milton township, died about 1828.

Of the soldiers of the war of 1812, who have resided in this county the following still survive: James Clark, James Compbell, Joseph Parker, Nathaniel Clark, Abraham Armentrout, Jacob Shopbell, R. D. Emerson, Francis Graham, James Kilgore, and E. Halstead. The balance of the list, one hundred and ten, have been gathered to their place of rest.

My friends, let us preserve these memorials while we may. Ere long the last of the pioneers will have been garnered by the relentless reaper. Even now they are rapidly departing, and soon the village bell will have tolled the knell of the last tottering frontiersman. The red men who met and welcomed them to these fertile valleys have long since gone to the great hunting-grounds, or now roam, old and feeble, toward the setting sun. Of the teeming millions that people this vast continent, not one will see the grand display of the centennial anniversary of 1976. At least three generations of man will have come and gone before the close of the second century of our independence. In the first, how grand has been our march in the paths of prosperity and greatness, Nothing but national suicide can arrest our onward career in all that renders a people free and happy, With pleasing emotions we look forward to the period when the Republic shall stretch all over the continent, and our banner wave triumphantly over one hundred capitals.

TOWNSHIP BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCHES,

GREEN TOWNSHIP.

NOAH CASTOR was born in Pennsylvania in 1764, and Married Rebecca Matheny. He came to Ohio in 1814, and settled in Ashland county, on the farm now owned by Paul Oliver, and occupied by Mrs. Dewalt, where he raised a crop of corn. He then moved on the farm now owned by Benjamin McGuire, where he remained several years, and afterward moved on the farm now owned by Benjamin Castor, where he died July 26, 1829. In politics he was a Democrat. He was the father of nine children, viz.: Nathan, who married Freelove Castor; Susan, who was the wife of John McDole (both died in Indiana); Conrad, also deceased ; Uriah, who married Betsy Hunter, and Rachel, wife of Joseph Guin, both died in Michigan; Sampson, died in St. Louis, Missouri; Ruth, wife of Datus Stutley, and Nancy, wife of Frederick Hardee, both died in Indiana. Benjamin, the only surviving member of the family, and the subject of this sketch, was born in Beaver county, Pennsylvania, in 1809, and came to Ohio with his father. In 1829 he married Elizabeth Van, who died in 1866. In 1869 he married Louisa Herr. He has followed farming all his life and has, by industry and economy, accumulated a nice fortune. He was a Democrat until Lincoln was nominated for president, when he became a Republican, and has remained one ever since. He is a member of the Baptist church, and a highly respected citizen. He is the father of seven children: Rachel, wife of John Zigler, of Ashland county; Noah, who married Harriet Clew, and lives in Ashland county; John, who married Mary J. Runion, and lives in Perrysville; Joseph, deceased; Allen, who married Susan Carnahan; Kate Monahan Castor, who married Thomas Burns, and lives in Spencerville, Allen county, Ohio.

CONRAD CASTOR, born in Beaver county, Pennsylvania, in 1790, came to Ohio in 1816, and first settled on the farm now owned by Thomas Castor, in Green township, where he cleared his own farm and built his own cabin, and followed farming all his life. In 1814_i he married Anna McDaniel, of Beaver county, Pennsylvania. During the early part of their lives they were members of the Methodist Episcopal church, but later united with the Baptist church, and died in that faith. In politics he was an old time Whig, and from 1844 to 1857 he voted the Democratic ticket, and afterwards the Republican ticket. He died May 21, 1871. His wife died in 1868. He was the father of eight children, viz.: Tobias, who married Delia Hickox; Noah, who married and lives in Cleveland; Eunice, wife of Cyrus H. Goodell, of Lucas, Richland county, Ohio; Rebecca, deceased; Ruth, wife of Aaron Kindle, of Loudonville ; Martha, wife of John Smith, who died in Colorado, and was afterwards the wife of David Snyder, of Indiana; Thomas, who married Louisa Webb, of Ashland county.

TOBIAS CASTOR, son of Conrad Castor, was born in Pennsylvania in 1815, and came to Ohio with his father. In 1849 he married Delia Hickox, of Portage county, Ohio, and has followed farming all his life. He has held the office of township clerk and constable several years, and is at present president of the Mutual Aid association of Jelloway, Knox county, Ohio, and adjuster of the Farmers' Home Insurance company, of Knox county. In politics he is a Democrat. He is the father of five children, viz.: Tobias, who married Catharine Hunt, and lives in Nebraska; Irene, wife of Levi Maurer, of Ashland county; Edmund R., who married Mary J. Boyd, and lives in Ashland county; Ida E., wife of W. 'H. Bushnell, of Perrysville, Ohio, and Bertie.

WILLIAM KINDLE, born in Maryland in 1801, came to Ashland in 1849, and settled on the farm now owned by Jacob Kittering, in Green township. He was a farmer and a member of the United. Brethren church. He died in 1877. In 1824 he was married to Elizabeth Burrell, who still survives him. He was the father of ten children, viz.: Hiram, who married Elizabeth Oakes, and lives in Ashland county; Aaron, who married Ruth Castor, and lives in Ashland county; Mary A., wife of Timothy Everett, of Ashland county; Josiah, deceased; Susan, wife of James Plummer, who died in the army ; Angeline, deceased; Eliza, wife of Jacob Goon, of Richland county, and Sarah A., wife of Daniel Hilderbrand, of Knox county,

AARON KINDLE, son of William Kindle, born in Tuscarawas county, Ohio, in 1828; came to Ashland county with his father. In 1853 he married Ruth Castor. He is one of the most energetic farmers of Green township, and has by industry and good management secured for himself a nice farm near the corporate limits of Loudonville. In politics he was a Democrat until 1860, when he became a Republican, and has remained one ever since. He is the father of two children—Edwin, deceased, and Emma.

JOHN COULTER, born in Washington county, Pennsylvania, in 1790, came to Ashland county in 1810, and settled on the farm now owned by J. N. Castor. He was the first constable and coroner of Richland county. He served two terms in the legislature, representing

- 273 -

274 - HISTORY OF ASHLAND COUNTY, OHIO.

Richland county, and was a member of the State board of equalization in 1856, In politics he was a Democrat. He was a member of the Methodist Episcopal church. In 1814 he married Elizabeth Rice, who was the first school teacher in Richland county, and opened the school in her own house. He died October 2, 1873. He was the father of ten children. At the present time only four are living, viz: Christopher, who married Mary Cary, and afterward married Nancy Farr, and lives in Ashland county; John N., who married Elsie Polock, and afterward Alice E. Skelly, and lives in Iowa; Elizabeth, wife of Dr, Strickler, and afterward wife of A. D. Zimmerman, and lives in Wayne county, Ohio ; Nancy L., wife of Rev. Frank Eddy, who lives in Wayne county, Ohio.

CHRISTOPHER C. COULTER, born in Ashland county, and in 1840 married Mary Cary, who died January 12, 1872, In 1850 he went to California, and was very successful there in gold mining. When he came back he made the trip by water. January 7, 1878, he married Mary A. Tarr. He held the office of justice of the peace in Perry township for two years, when he resigned, and during the times of militia held the offices of captain and major. He is a farmer and storekeeper. In politics he is a Republican, and was a Jacksonian Democrat. He is an earnest Christian, and a respected member of society. He is the father of six children, viz: Artemicia, deceased; George Benton, who married Olive Ayers, and lives in Ashland county ; Samuel J., deceased; Mary E., wife of Dr. James H. Christie, of Pennsylvania; John W., deceased; and Martha L.

GEORGE B. COULTER, son of Christopher C, Coulter, was born in 1845, and in 1867 married Olive M. Ayers, of Green township. He has held the office of councilman in Perrysville ever since it was incorporated, and has been in the dry goods business there since 1868, under the firm name of C. C. Coulter & Son, and by honesty and fair dealing has built up a large trade, He has been a member of the Methodist Episcopal church since he was eleven years old, and is highly respected by the community in which he lives. He is a member of the Masonic lodge at Loudonville, and a member df Odd Fellows lodge and Royal Arcanum, in Perrysville. He is the father of three children—Louis L., who died when about nine years of age; Claude C., who died when one year old, and Alfred.

THOMAS W. COULTER was born in Beaver county, Pennsylvania, in 1806, and came to Ohio in 1814, and married Elmira Hill, of Perrysville. He at one time, while living on the farm now owned by John Castor, near the Black fork, built a flat-boat, and loaded it with pork and set out for New Orleans, making the journey there in about a month, where he sold his stock of provisions and also his boat. It was a common way then, among enterprising men, to take provisions down to New Orleans—unless they sold out before they got there. Thomas Coulter was a tanner by trade, and bought out White, Colton & McBride, who built the first tannery in the county, where he carried on the business twenty-five years. He kept a farm, store, blacksmith shop, and harness shop, for ten years, and, after that, carried on a farm and was engaged in the dry goods business until the time of his death, which occurred in 1865. He held the office of justice of the peace for three years in succession, and it was offered him a fourth time, but lie would not accept it. In politics he was a Republican, He was the father of eleven children, of whom five are living, viz.: Eliza E., wife of Joseph Hubbs, of Illinois; Jonathan, who married Lulie Peterson, and lives in Per- rysville; Jennie, wife of Jacob Robinson, of Ashland county; Thomas W., and William H.

HARVEY HILL, father of Mrs. Thomas W. Coulter, was born in Vermont. He came to Ohio in 1812, and settled in Perrysville. The same year he married Abigail Coulter. He was a member of the Presbyterian church. In politics he was a Republican. He died in August, 1869. He was the father of eight children, six of whom are living, viz.: Angelina, wife of David Manor, of Kenton, Ohio; Ellmina, wife of Thomas Coulter, of Perrysville; Amanda, wife of George Turner, of Lima, Ohio; Clarendia, wife of James Segur, of Indiana; Eliza, wife of Stanton Myers, of California; and Thomas, who married Clarance Douglass, of Lynn, Massachusetts.

JONATHAN COULTER, son of T. W. Coulter, was born in Perrysville, in 1844, He received a common school education in Perrysville, and attended the Vermillion institute, at Hayesville, three terms. In 1867 he bought an interest in the store formerly known as the dry goods store of T. W. Coulter & Son, and, at the same time, was ticket and express agent of the Pittsburgh, Fort Wayne & Chicago railroad. In 1873 he purchased his brother's interest in the store, and sold a two thirds share to A. D. Zimmerman, and, at the end of two years, sold out to Zimmerman, and began to clerk in a hardware store for his brother, T. W. Coulter, At the end of one year he bought his brother's interest, and the following year purchased the stove and tin store of Leopold & Yarnell, and consolidated the two. On the fourteenth of April, 1880, his store, with all its contents, was destroyed by fire, but, not discouraged by his heavy loss, he erected a temporary building near his dwelling house, where he is doing a flourishing business. He has been councilman for three years; in politics is a Republican. In 1867 he married Ursula J. Peters, of Richland county, and to them have been born two children, Ettie E. and Esther L.

THOMAS JOHNSTON, born in 1809, came from Westmoreland county, Tennessee, to Ohio in 1827, and settled in Green township, on the farm now owned by William Mcllvain. For twelve years he drove a stage, drawn by six horses, between Baltimore, Pittsburgh, Mansfield, Mt. Vernon, New Lisbon, and other points. In politics he was an old line Whig. He was a member of the Universalist church. He married Sarah A. Workman in 1833, and was the father of thirteen children, of whom only four are living, viz.: John F., who married Mary A. McCready, and lives in Ashland county; Harriet J., wife of William Armstrong, of Ashland county; Robert W., who lives in Galion; and Charles F., who lives in California.

HISTORY OF ASHLAND COUNTY, OHIO - 275

JOHN F. JOHNSTON, son of Thomas Johnston, was born in Ashland county in 1834, and studied medicine with Dr. Glass, of Hayesville, Ohio, two years, and graduated at Jefferson college, Philadelphia. He commenced the practice of medicine in Perrysville, in 1858, where he still remains. In 1857 he married Mary A. McCready, who died in 1874. In 1877 he married Miss A. E, Ullman, and in 1879 married miss Florence Smith. He is a member of the Methodist Episcopal church; and in politics is a Republican. He is the father of five children, viz.: Florence E., wife of Norman Strickler, of Perrysville; Thomas V., in California; Mary D,, Carrie, and Stewart, deceased.

JAMES M. POCOCK, son of Elijah Pocock, was born in Ashland county, Ohio, in 1850, in Mohican township. He studied medicine, and graduated at the Ohio Medical college in 1874, and the same year began the practice of medicine in Perrysville. In 1874 he married Sarah A. Harvey, and is the father of two children—Ruth and Mary.

MELZER TANNEHILL, born in Maryland in 1766, emigrated from there to Alleghany county Pennsylvania, and came to Jefferson county, Ohio, in 1805, and settled in Green township in 1811, on the farm now owned by N. McD. Coe, where he built his own cabin. He was one of the first county commissioners of Richland county, and the first justice of the peace in Green township. He held the office but a short time when he resigned. In politics he was an old line Whig. He married Eleanor Lisle, of Pittsburgh, in 1790, who died September r, 1840. He died April 24, 1851. He was the father of ten children, of whom only three are living, viz.: Melzer, who married Sarah Oliver; Nancy, wife of Matthew Anderson, and afterwards wife of Adam Graber, and lives in Perrysville; and Sallie E., wife of Isaac M. Ayers, of Perrysville.

MELZER TANNEHILL, JR., was born in Butler county, Pennsylvania, in 1801, and came to Ohio with his father in 1805. They came in a flat bottom boat, called a broad horn, down the Allegheny to Pittsburgh, and then down the Ohio to Steubenville. In 1827 he married Sarah Oliver. He is a farmer, a member of the Presbyterian church, and in politics is a Republican. He is the father of five children, viz.: Elizabeth, wife of James A. Van Horn, and afterwards wife of Wilson Enos, of Richland county, Ohio; Charles L., in Arkansas; Nancy E., in Ashland county; Mary, and Letitia, wife of N. McD, Coe.

CHARLES TANNEHILL, born in Butler county, Pennsylvania, in 1792, came to Ohio with his father, and settled on the farm now owned by John Hunter, in Ashland county. He followed farming up to the time of his death, which occurred in 1876. He was a member of the Disciple church; and in politics was an old-line Whig, and afterwards a Republican. In 1814, he married Mary Oliver, sister of Lewis Oliver, of Ashland. She died in 1855. He was the father of twelve children, of whom only five are living, viz : John Q., who lives in Missouri ; Clark L., who married Nancy Burwell, and lives in Indiana; Charles 0., who married Sarah McNaull, and, after her death, married Rebecca Zigler, and lives in Perrysville; Mary J., wife of Joseph Kithcart, of Indiana; and Sarah M., wife of Dr. Cullum, of Missouri.

CHARLES O. TANNEHILL, son of Charles Tannehill, was born in Ashland county, May 6, 1830, and in 1854, married Sarah McNaull, who died in 1865. In 1866 he married Rebecca Zigler. He followed farming until the Rebellion broke out, and in October, 1861, enlisited in company G, Sixty-fifth Ohio, as a private. In November, he was promoted to second lieutenant, and in November, 1862, was promoted to first lieutenant. In March, 1863, he was promoted to captain, and, the same year, was recommended to Governor Todd to the rank of major; but Governor Brough changed the order of things by ordering that every man should be promoted according to rank, so his commission as major was countermanded, He took part in the battles of Stone River, Chickamauga, Resaca, Kenesaw Mountain, Peachtree Creek; was at the siege of Atlanta, and Perrysville, Kentucky, and at Pittsburgh Landing. At the close of the war, he engaged in the lumber business, from 1866 to 1874, when he went into the produce business. He has held the office of mayor ever since Perrysville was incorporated, In politics, he is a Republican. He is the father of four children : Frank G., who married Laura Grove, and lives in Perrysville; and Willie, Charles, and Minnie, who died in infancy.

DR. J. M. PERCIVAL, born in Clearcreek township, Ashland county, Ohio, in 1853, studied medicine with Dr. J. C. Bright, at Chatham, Ontario, Canada, and graduated at Long Island college hospital, in Brooklyn, New York, and began the practice of medicine in Perrysville in 1879. He is a member of the Methodist Episcopal church; and in politics is a Republican. In 1879, he married Miss Clara Skinner, of Detroit, Michigan.

SAMUEL BLACK was born in Allegheny county, Pennsylvania, in 1805, and came to Ohio in 183– and settled on the farm on which he now lives. In 1825, he married Rosanna Cashdollar, who died in 1855. He afterwards married Eliza Hilderbrand. He has been engaged in farming all his life; is a member of the Church of God, and in politics is a Republican. He is the father of eleven children, viz : Catharine, deceased, who married Samuel Conkle; Elizabeth, wife of Sylvester Huff, of Indiana; Phihp, who married Margaret Rhinehardt, and lives in Loudonville; John, who married, and lives in Sandusky county, Ohio; Henry, who married and lives in Iowa; Sarah, wife of Henry Snyder, of Green township ; Samuel, who married Caroline Ullen, and lives in Ashland; Joseph, who married Miss Sneer, and lives in Iowa; William, who died in Missouri; Daniel, who went to Tennessee, and the family have no farther knowledge of him; Lewis, who married Pauhna Bartlett, and lives in Green township.

GEORGE BITTENGER, born in Franklin county, Pennsylvania, came to Ohio in 1827, and first settled on the farm now owned by Daniel Bittinger, He is a member of the Lutheran church; and in politics is a Democrat.

276 - HISTORY OF ASHLAND COUNTY, OHIO.

He married Susanna Derr, and is the father of- eight children, viz: Elizabeth, wife of John Motes, of Ashland county; Daniel, who married Susanna Grimes and lives in Ashland county ; Sarah, deceased, wife of Peter Wilkenson, of Indiana; Catharine, deceased, who was the wiie of Peter Myers, of Bucyrus, Ohio; George, who married Polly Kidwell, and lives in Richland county, Ohio; Mary, deceased, who was the wife of Jacob Mathews, of Ashland county; Susanna, deceased, who was the wife of Samuel Brayton, of Richland county, Ohio; and Barbara, wife of William Cresswell, of Indiana.

DANIEL BITTINGER, born in Franklin county, Pennsylvania, in 1802, came to Ohio with his father, and has always lived on what is called the Bittinger homestead, and can truly be called one of the pioneers of Ashland county. In 1824, he married Susanna Grimes, of Frederick county, Maryland. He is a member of the German Reformed church, and contributes largely to its support. He is the father of nine children, three of whom are living, viz; Leah, wife of Michael Heffner, of Ashland county; Sarah and Anna.

BENJAMIN MCGUIRE born in Washington county, Pennsylvania, in 1824, came to Ashland county September 25, 1838, and settled on a farm a short distance from where he now lives. He has followed farming all his life, and has made wool-growing a specialty—has held the office of trustee in Green township three times, and was elected infirmary director in 1879; is a member of the Baptist church. In 1843 he married Rachel Gladden, and is the father of nine children, viz.: James G., who married Margaret Anderson, and lives in Ashland county; Elza W., who married Nancy J. Criswell, afterward married Mary Brown, and lives in Iowa; Orlin M., who married Mahala Budd, and lives in Ashland county; Elizabeth E., wife of James C. Andrews, of Holmes county, Ohio; Louzinski, who married Melinda Budd, and lives in Ashland county; Mary A. Alva M., who . married Lilly Earnest, and lives in Ashland county; Hugh D., and Willis,

THOMAS McGUIRE, born in Washington county, Pennsylvania, Angust 28, 1808, came to Ohio in 1837, and settled on the farm on which he now lives. He has held the office of township trustee and treasurer for several terms; is a respected member of society, and is highly esteemed by all who know him. He has followed farming all his life. In 1839 he married Sarah J. Taylor, and is the father of seven children, viz.: William T. (now deceased), who married Melinda Laird; Electa J., wife of R. P. Wallace, of Ashland county; Diadama S., who married Nahamia Neptune, of Holmes county; John A., who married Eliza Armstrong, in Ashland county; James M., who married Patty Byall, and lives in Kansas, and Alice I.

DANIEL BUDD, born in Pennsylvania, came to Ohio in 1827, and settled in Ashland county, near Jeromeville. He was a carpenter by trade, and worked at that business exclusively. In politics 'he was a Democrat. He was the father of eight children, of whom but three are living, viz.: Susanna, who. became the wife of Caleb Edwards, and lives in Illinois; Thomas, who married Rebecca Black, and afterward married Clarissa Edwards, and lives in Ashland county; Samuel, who married Temperance Woodhull.

SAMUEL BUDD, son of Daniel Budd, born in Westmoreland, Pennsylvania, in 1821, came to Ohio in 1828, and in 1847 married Temperance Woodhull, and was the father of four children, viz.: Amanda, deceased, who became the wife of Samuel Dent ; William S., who married Mary Hawks, and lives in Ashland county; Araminta, deceased; and Mahala, who became the wife of Orlin McGuire, of Ashland county.

WILLIAM S. WOODHULL, father of Mrs. Samuel Budd, born in New Jersey in 1799, came to Ohio in 1837, and settled in Ashland county, and followed farming all his life. In 1838 he married Mary Peterson. He was a member of the Baptist church, and in politics was a Republican. He died in March, 1879. He was the father of seven children, viz.: Temperance, wife of Samuel Budd; Joachin, who married Phebe Jones, and lives in Richland county ; William, who married Martha Earnest, and lives in Ashland county; Mary E., wife of Benjamin Hughes, of Indiana; Sarah E., deceased; John, who married Elizabeth Cochrane, and lives in Ashland county; and Margaret, deceased.

JOHN MAURER, born in Pennsylvania, in 1818, came to Ashland county in 1833, and first settled on the farm now owned by William Moore, in Lake township. He was a farmer by occupation, and held the office of trustee in Green township for several years, also the office of constable, and was assessor one term. He was a member of the Baptist church, and in politics was a Democrat. In 1838 he married Miss Wachtel, who died in 1879. He died in 1870. He was the father of eleven children, of whom eight are living: Rebecca, wife of Mahlon Werrick, of Loudonville; Henry, who was elected clerk of Green township in April, 1880; Hannah; Mary M., wife of John Clugh, of Shreve, Wayne county, Ohio; Jacob; Levi, who married Irene Castor, and lives in Ashland county; Ellen, wife of Shannon McLeod, of Ashland county, and Phebe.

JOHN JONES, SR., born in Washington county, Maryland, in 1808, came to Wayne county, Ohio, in 1819, where he remained until 1847, when he settled in Ashland county, on the farm on which he now lives. In 1840 he married Susan Bowers of Wayne county. He has been engaged in farming all his life. He is a member of the Reformed church, and one of its main supporters. In politics he is a Democrat. He is the father of eight children, viz: Barbara, Catharine, Minerva, wife of William Carpenter, of Ashland county; Benjamin, who married Rebecca Dillier, and lives in Ashland county; Jane, Levi, who died when three years of age; John and Annie.

JOSEPH COWAN, born in Ireland in 1777, came to America in 1802, and first settled in Chester county, Pennsylvania. He came to Ashland county in 1831, and settled on the farm now owned by William Cowan, He married Eleanor Ellison in Ireland, who died in 1857. He was a member of the Disciple church, and belonged to the order of Jacksonian Democrats. He

HISTORY OF ASHLAND COUNTY, OHIO - 277

died in August, in 1857, at the age of eighty years. He was the father of nine children, six of whom are living, viz: George, living in Mercer county, Missouri; Sophia, wife of James Kelsey, of Missouri; Rachel, formerly wife of Alexander Calhoun, deceased, of Clark county, Ohio, now wife of Edward Lipsett, of Iowa; Mary, wife of Simmons Cornine, of Iowa; Sarah, wife of James Wood, of Holmes county, Ohio; and William.

WILLIAM COWAN, born in Chester county, Pennsylvania, in 1809, came to Ohio, with his father, and in 1855 married Mary Comer. He was admitted to the bar in Richland county, but was a farmer by occupation, only practicing law occasionally. He has been elected commissioner of Ashland county for six years, and has held the office of justice of the peace for nine years, and has also held the office of assessor. He has always voted for all the Democratic Presidents until Hayes' campaign, and for every Democratic governor until Allen was nominated for a second term. He is the father of three children, viz: Philip C., Jane N., wife of Hezekiah Boyd, of Ashland county, and Francis.

RICHARD GUTHRIE, born in Pennsylvania, came to Ashland county in 1814, and settled on the farm now owned by Benjamin Castor and Jacob Robinson. He bought his farm off the school lands. He was a distiller by trade, and 'built a distillery on his farm, which he run for about forty years. He was a member of the Presbyterian church, and in politics was a Democrat. He married Mary VanScoyoc of Pennsylvania, and was the father of thirteen children, viz: John, Margaret, Stephen, Sarah, George, Jane, Keziah, Lewis, Elizabeth, Hannah, William, Susan, and Simon.

GEORGE GUTHRIE, son of Richard Guthrie, was born in Ashland county, August 15, 1822, and April 20, 1848 married Ellen Dunbar. He has been engaged in farming all his life. He is the father of eight children— William D., who married Emeline Kindle; Edward, who married Harriet Drara—both live in Ashland county ; Benjamin; Jane, deceased; George W., Isabella, and Lizzie.

JOSEPH JONES, born in Essex county, New York, in 1807, came to Ohio with his father in 1813, and settled on the farm now owned by Emanuel Millegan, in Green township, Ashland county. He has been engaged in farming all his life, and has by industry and economy secured a comfortable fortune, and is a respected member of society. He has always taken a deep interest in educational matters; is a member and firm supporter of the Baptist church, and assisted in the erection of the first Baptist church that was built in Green township. In 1830 he married Alcinda Bacorn, of Virginia, and is the father of eleven children, viz : Phoebe E., wife of Joachim Woodhull; Martha A., (deceased,) wife of Peter Vanscoic; Hannah V., wife of William Metcalf, and afterward wife of Gilbert Peterson, of Marshall county; Amasa B. who married Melinda Baker, and lives in Ashland county; William R., who died at Vicksburgh; Adelaide, wife of Joshua Lemart, who lives in Kansas; Alcinda L., deceased; Joseph M., who married Josephine Thompson, and lives in Ashland county; Mary C., wife of William Shelley, who lives in Kansas; Emma F., wife of Jacob Portz, of Ashland county; and Rebecca E., wife of John Hunter, of Ashland county.

JACOB BACORN, father of Mrs. Joseph Jones, was born in New Jersey, in 1785, and came to Ashland county in 1829, and settled on the farm now owned by Anderson Byers. He is a member of the Baptist church, and in politics is a Democrat. He married Phebe Harris, and is the father of eleven children, viz: Elizabeth, deceased, Mary, Sarah, deceased, Phebe Hannah, Nancy, Alcinda, wife of Joseph Jones, Jacob, deceased, Rebecca, William and John.

JOHN AREHART, born in York county, Pennsylvania, in 1815, came to Ashland county in 1840, and settled on the farm on which he now lives. In 1838 he married Elizabeth Senett; has followed farming all his life; is a generous, kind-hearted and strictly honest man, highly respected by all who know him; is a member of the Lutheran church; in politics he is a Democrat. He is the father of six children, viz: Sarah, wife of John Oswalt, of Perrysville; Columbus, who married Emeline Yates, and lives in Richland county; Susan, wife of Alfred Chew, of Ashland county; Jane, wife of Andrew Underwood, of Perrysville; Arsulia, wife or Martin Robinson, of Richland county; and John W., who married Olive Chew, and lives in Richland county, Ohio.

JAMES C. MOLTRUP, born in Shenango county, New York, in 1822, came to Richland county in 1840, and settled in Perrysville in 1844. He was a machinist, having learned his trade in Erie county, Pennsylvania. He opened a machine shop and foundry in Loudonville, and built the shop and foundry in company with Stephen Rust, on the ground now occupied by the Enghsh Lutheran church. In 1850 he sold out to Rust & Sons, and in 1852 came into possession of an interest in the same business, which he continued about two years, when he sold out to Tillson & Feik. In about three years he purchased Feik's interest and continued the business six years, when he sold out and went to Crawford county, Ohio, where he remained nine years, when he returned to Loudonville, and at present holds an interest in the machine shop, doing business under the firm name of Moltrup, Sons & Miller. While in Loudonville he held the office of councilman two terms. He is a member of the Methodist Episcopal church. He married Rosanna Rust, and after her death he married Hannah A. Russell. He is the father of fourteen children, of whom eleven are living, viz: Amanda, wife of J. W. Robinson, of Pittsburgh ; William, who married Caliste Underwood, and lives in Perrysville; Helen; Ida, wife of Thomas Underwood, of Perrysville; Mary; Stephen; James T.; Rosanna; Walter; Jane; and Charles F. The following is a list of James C. Moltrup's inventions: In 1859 he invented a plow called Moltrup's patent. It was made of either cast-iron or steel, and is now in general use; a wrought-iron latch lever screw, used for cider presses; a drag-saw and horse-power attachment; a tire bender; a plaster dropper that can be attached to any corn planter now in use; a patent bobsled; a school-house seat; a machine for bending bob-

278 - HISTORY OF ASHLAND COUNTY, OHIO.

sled runners; a plow handle bender; an adjustable kettle ear ; also the inventor of one of the best horse powers now in use; and manufactures four different styles of seats for school-houses, and can be considered one of the most ingenious men of the age.

ISAAC WOLF, born in Beaver county, Pennsylvania, in 1789, came to Ashland county in 1819, and settled on the farm now owned by Warring Wolf. He built the first house on the farm, and when built there was not another house within a mile of it. He was engaged in farming all his life, and, although not a mechanic, he manufactured wooden plows for all the people near there. He was a member of the Baptist church, and in 1813 married Nancy Small. He died in October, 1840. He was the father of ten children, eight of whom are living, viz: Warring, who married Sarah Peterson; Sylvester, who married Hannah Gladden, and lives in Indiana; Abrilla, wife of Henry M. Hoover, of Shelby county, Ohio; Milo A,, who married Elizabeth Priest, and lives in Iowa; Boston F., who married Elizabeth Cotton, and lives in Barre county, Michigan; Aletha, wife of Jacob Rheinhardt, who lives in Morrow county, Ohio; Orsamus S., who married Pamela Fuller, and lives in Osceola county, New York; and Samantha A.

WARRING, WOLF, son of Isaac Wolf, was born in Beaver county, Pennsylvania, in 1815, came to Ohio with his father, and, in 1841, married Sarah Peterson, He has been engaged in farming all his life, and has held the office of trustee for several years; has been justice of the peace for six years, and assessor for three years. He is a member of the Baptist church, and has been a deacon in the same ever since the death of his father, which occurred forty years ago. In politics he is a Democrat. He is the father of nine children, only four of whom are living, viz.: Mary A., wife of John L. Metcalf, of Ashland county; Isaac, who married Alice Freshwater, and lives in Ashland county ; Margaret E., and John P., who married Annie Workman, and lives in Holmes county.

JOHN NORRIS was born in Huntingdon county, Pennsylvania, January 25, 1807, came to Ohio in 1823, and first settled on the farm now owned by Henry Cooper, in Mohican township. He held the office of supervisor several terms. He was a member of the Presbyterian church twenty-two years, but is at present connected with the United Brethren church. In 1829 he married Mary Smith, of Lake township. He was the father of six children, only two of whom are living, viz.: Mary A., wife of Darby Taylor, of Ashland county, and Joseph B., who married Phebe Lee, and lives in Perrysville.

JOSEPH B. NORRIS, son of John Norris, was born in Ashland county in 1848, and, in 1870, married Phebe I. Lee. He has been engaged in farming all his life, and is a member of the United Brethren church. In politics he is a Republican. He is the father of three children, viz.: Mary J., John L., and Joseph W.

WILLIAM. NORRIS was born in Maryland in 1781, came to Ohio from Huntingdon county, Pennsylvania, in 1823, and first settled on the farm now owned by John L. Metcalf. In 1805 he married Mary Hornoc He was a captain in the war of 1812. He was a member of the Methodist Episcopal church, In politics he was an old- line Whig. He was the father of twelve children, of whom five are living, viz.: John; Nancy, wife of George Miller, of Holmes county; Joseph, who married Susan Young, and lives in Ashland county; Matilda, who married Lemuel Burgh, and afterwards Thomas Urie, and lives in Michigan; and Margaret, wife of Hiram Watson, of Knox county, Ohio.

JOHN WELTMER was born in Wayne county, Ohio, November 22, 1829, and in 1852 married Phebe Moses. In 1857 he settled on the farm on which he now lives. He is a cabinet-maker and carpenter by trade, but is at present engaged in farming. He is a member of the Evangelical Association, and a class-leader in the church; in politics he is a Republican. He is the father of four children: Sylvania, deceased; Pinninnah, wife of Charles Scott, of Ashland county; Epraim, who married Mina Anderr, and lives in Ashland county, and Lenna L.

THOMAS KITHCART, SR., born in York county, Penn: sylvania, in 1796, came to Ashland county in 1815, and entered a quarter section of land. He then returned to his native State, and in 1818 married Deborah Wright. In 1822 with his family, consisting of himself and wife and three small children, in company with Thomas Andrews, he returned to Ashland county and settled on his quarter section, and by perseverance and hard labor cleared, and had before his death one hundred and twenty acres of his farm under cultivation. A part of the farm is now owned by Thomas Kithcart. He was several times elected trustee of Green township; was a member and supporter of the Presbyterian church; was a Democrat in politics until the Republican party was formed, when he voted the Republican ticket. His wife died in 1853, and he died in 1860. He was the father of nine children, of whom but four are living, viz.: Jo seph, who has been married three times (he first married Mary J. White, then Phebe Moses, and is now the husband of Mary J. Tannehill, and lives in Indiana); Thomas, who married Anna Ernst, and lives in Ashland county; Deborah; and Anna, who is the wife of Joseph Weltmer, and lives in Wayne county, Ohio.

THOMAS KITHCART, son of Thomas Kithcart, sr., was born in Ashland county in 1826, and in 1848 married Anna Ernst. He has been engaged in farming all his life ; has held the office of trustee for two terms, and is a respected member of society; is a member of the Evangelical Association, and is a Republican in politics. He is the father of six children, viz.: Anna M., deceased, wife of Luther Finley, of Ashland county; Nathan, who married Emma Bucey; Newton, Lambert, Sherman, and Sylvia,

NATHAN STEARNS, born in Connecticut in 1788, came to Ohio in 1817, and settled in Green township, Ashland county, on the farm now owned by the McKinley brothers. It was then a wilderness. He was a shoemaker, and worked at his trade in connection with farming. In 1810 he married Mary Morehouse, who died in 1870. They were both members of the Baptist church. He died in 1851. In politics he was an old-line Whig. He

HISTORY OF ASHLAND COUNTY, OHIO - 279

was the father of seven children, viz.: Lucius S., supposed to have died in Cochactaw with cholera in 1832; Warren L., who married Jane McCreaden, and died in the army; Charlotte M., who married Phillman H. Phuner, and afterward married Lawrence Omera, of Loudonville; Horace L., who married Mary J, Veach; Norman L,, deceased, who married Rebecca Smith, and died in Indiana; Milo E., who married Mary A. Calhoun, and lived in Tipton, Missouri.

HORACE L, STEARNS, son of Nathan Stearns, was born in Green township, Ashland county, Ohio, in 1821. In 1846 he enlisted in company A, Third regiment Ohio volunteer infantry, commanded by Captain William McLaughlin. The regiment was commanded by Samuel R. Curtiss, in the Mexican war. He went to Mexico, traveled as far as Matamoras, and was discharged in consequence of disability. In 1849 he began keeping the American house in Perrysville, Ohio, having bought out John Shaffer, and he remained in that business twenty- two years. In 1866 he went into the dry goods business in company with N. P. Reed. The partnership lasted but six months, and Mr. Stearns soon went into the same business alone, and is still engaged in it. He is a member of the Presbyterian church. In politics he is a Democratic prohibitionist. He has held the office of constable, township clerk and township treasurer. In 1844 he married Barbara N. O'Hara, who died in 1855. She had one child, Barbara A., who died when fifteen years old. In 1850 he married Rachel B. Huntsbury, who died in 1851. She had one child, Myron N., who was drowned in 1860, when nine years old. In 1855 he married Margaret Butteroff, who died in 1870. In 1871 he married Mary J. Veach, and by her had two children, Ora V., who died in infancy, and Mary V.

ALONZO N. STEARNS was born in Perrysville in 1827, and in 1851 married Mary J. Heath, of Loudonville. He was a carpenter and joiner by trade, having learned his trade of A, A. Quick. He followed that occupation twenty-six years, when he bought a saw-mill of Henry Feese, and has since been engaged in lumbering. During the late war he enlisted in company C, One Hundred and Twentieth regiment Ohio volunteer infantry, under Colonel French. He is a member of the Methodist Episcopal church, and in politics is a Republican. He is the father of five children, viz.: Matthias H., Myron N., Robey, Emma and Eva.

GEORGE W. CAREY was born in Ashland county, near Perrysville, in .1824, In 1847 he married Elizabeth Foster. He was both a lawyer and farmer; was admitted to the bar in Wayne county, Ohio. He was Republican in politics and took an active part in all political campaigns. He represented Ashland county in the legislature in 1864, and held the office of justice of the peace several years. He died in 1867. He was the father of four children: Thomas, who married Susan M. Parr, and lives in Richland county; Mary, wife of R. H. Goram, living in Richland county; George, who died in Rowsburgh, Ashland county, and Charles.

CHARLES CAREY, son of George Carey, was born in Ashland county in 1853, and in 1874 married Sarah E. Stull. He is engaged in farming, and hves on the old homestead ; is the father of three children, viz.: George W., Lillie and Frank.

LUCIAN RUST was born near Binghamton, New York, and received a common school education, He began the study of law with George A. Elliot, of Erie, Pennsylvania in [842, but his health failing, he was obliged to give it up in 1843, when he went south, but in 1844 returned to Erie and began clerking in a book store and express office. In 1846-47-48 he was book-keeper for Williams & Wright, who were in the dry goods business, and was afterwards with A. King, wholesale grocer, and with Boyd, Cook & Co., contractors on the Lake Shore railroad. In 1850 he went into partnership with Albert Becker, under the firm name of Becker & Rust, general contractors, and constructed the railroad bridge across Walnut creek, on the Lake Shore railroad, in Pennsylvania; built the Akron branch of the Cleveland & Pittsburgh railroad, and commenced in 1853 the construction of the Hillsborough & Parkersburgh railroad, and in 1854-5 ballasted the Hillsborough & Cincinnati railroad. In 1855 took the contract for laying the Nashville & Northwestern railroad in Tennessee, but suspended operations on account of the approach of war. He soon returned to Erie, and in 1861 built the Carbon Oil company's refinery. In 1864 he built the Dale oil works, in Franklin, Pennsylvania. In 1867 he moved to Loudonville, and has since been employed by the Brundage Iron Bridge company, and in 1871 built the iron bridge over the Kentucky river, at Cogar's Landing. In 1873 he was appointed clerk in the treasury department, under Commodore Douglas, and held that position until July, 1875, when he returned to Loudonville and engaged in the clothing business. In 1849 he married Sarah Davis, of Washington county, New York. She died in 1856. In 1857 he married Francis A. Smith, who died in 1859. In 1861 he married Jeanette A. Whitney, of Chautauqua county, New York. He is the father of five children, viz.: Lucian, deceased; Helen, deceased; Frances H.; Sarah J. and Lucian.

STEPHEN RUST, born in Connecticut in 1790, came to Ohio, in 1840, and settled in Ashland county. He was a moulder by trade, and manufactured the first cast-iron plow that was cast in the United States ; he was also the first patentee of the first wash-board that was ever manufactured in the United States. It was made of copper, sheet-iron, tin, and zinc. In 1845 he built the foundry in Loudonville, and started the first steam-engine that was ever used in a foundry in central Ohio, and in company with his sons, run the foundry thirty years. In 1812, at Onondaga Hill, New York, he manufactured from the ore, shot and shell for the United States army. In 1817 he married Hannah Wiard. He died in 1870. Was a Democrat in politics, and was the father of six children: Lucian, who married Sarah Davis, then married Francis Smith, and afterwards Jeanette Whitney, and lives in Loudonville; Morrell, deceased, who married Mary Smith, of Loudonville; Darius, who married Philena Priest, and afterward married Elizabeth Priest, of Ashland county; Halbert, who lives in Jeffersonville, Indiana;

280 - HISTORY OF ASHLAND COUNTY, OHIO.

Rosanna, deceased, wife of J. C. Moltrup, of Ashland county, and Helen, deceased.

DARIUS RUST, born in New York in 1824, came to Ohio with his father, and settled in Ashland county. He was a moulder by trade, and worked in the foundry with his father until 1874, when he went to Iowa and remained four years, when he returned to Ohio and settled in Loudonville, where he now lives, and where be has been township clerk, village recorder, mayor, member of council, and member of the school board, He is a member of the Disciple church, and in politics is a Democrat. In 1859 he married Philena Priest, who died in 1863. Afterwards he married Elizabeth Priest. He is the father of six children, viz.: Stephen and Francis, deceased; Fayette L., Jennie, Arquette and Nettie.

H. B. CASE, is of Welch ancestry. His great-greatgrandfather, Augustus Case, his great-grandfather, Joshua Case, and his grandfather, Augustus Case, were all born on Long Island, New York. The latter was born July 27, 1759, entered the army of the Revolution in 1777, married Elizabeth Bell in 1793, settled in Wayne county, Plain township, in 1803, and was the father of ten children--five sons and five daughters. The youngest son, Joshua, was born October 2, 1812, married Rebecca J. Phillips, and died March 18, 1845. He was the father of six children—Elizabeth E., wife of John Coleman, who died in Wayne county, Ohio; Mary Etta, wife of James Miles, who died in Richland county, Ohio; Henry B., who married Mina Horn, and lives at McKay; Sarah A., wife of Samuel L. Paramore, who died in Richland county, Ohio; Carrie J., wife of Joseph H. Hartuper, who lives in Loudonville; Joshua M., who married Mary A. Hissem, and died at McKay. H. B. Case, born in Plain township, Wayne county, Ohio, December 13, 1839, moved to Washington township, Holmes county, Ohio, in 1850, and to Green township, Ashland county, Ohio, in 1856. He worked at marble cutting, clerked in -a store, and taught school until the spring of 1863, when he purchased the McKay store of A. B. Case, and married Mina Horn. He is the father of five children, four sons and one daughter, viz.: Dayton L., Albert P., Jessie, deceased, Frederick and Herbert. He continued business at McKay as merchant, postmaster, and notary public, until the fall of 1872, when he left the business in the hands of J. M. Case (who afterwards became his partner in the McKay store) to engage in the clothing business with J. C. Pell, of Loudonville, Ohio. In the spring of 1873 he moved with his family to Loudonville, and remained in the clothing business until 1879, when he returned to McKay to take charge of the store (his brother, J. M. Case, having died), where he still continues as merchant and postmaster.

JACOB FULMER, born in Elsos, France, in 1809, married Mary Hoffman, and in 1837 came to Ohio, and settled in Lake township, Ashland county, on the farm now ' owned by Mrs. Fulmer. Mr. Fulmer was a stone mason by trade, but followed farming all his life. He was a member of the Evangelical Association, and in politics was a Republican. He was the father of eleven children, three of whom died in infancy. Eight are living, viz.: Margaret; John, who married Lucretia Tipton, of Perrysville; Jacob, who married Jennie McMorrill and lives in Wayne county, Ohio; Catharine, wife of Abel Metcalf, of Lake township; Julia, wife of Levi Shut, of Lake township; Frederick, who married Amanda Workman and lives in Holmes county, Ohio; Daniel, who married Mary Sprang and lives in Perrysville; Mary, wife of William Steward, who lives in Mohican township.

DANIEL FULMER, born in Ashland county in 1855, married Mary Sprang in 1879. He carried on the business of queensware, groceries and bakery combined, in partnership with his brother, John Fulmer, doing business under the firm name of Fulmer Brothers. They have the largest and best selected stock in ,Perrysville. In 1880 he was elected clerk of the township, and in 1878 was appointed postmaster by President Hayes, which office he still holds. He is a member of the Evangelical Association, and in politics is a Republican.

JOHN FULMER was born in in Ashland county, Ohio, in 1846, and in 1871 married Lucretia Tipton. He is a baker by trade, and is engaged in business with his brother, Daniel Fulmer. He has held the office of marshal in Perrysville for two years. Mr. Fulmer is a member of the Methodist Episcopal church, and in politics is a Republican. He is the father of three children, viz.: Zella, Zada and Hattie.

WILLIAM H. VAN GILDER was born in Ashland county, Ohio, in 1842. He first learned the tinsmith trade, and followed that four years; then learned the carpenter's trade and worked at that eight years. He was then engaged in farming a few years, and is now engaged in the hotel business—at present is proprietor of the Commercial house, at Perrysville, the only hotel in the place. In the fall of 1861 he entered the quartermaster's department of the army of the Cumberland, and served there eighteen months. In the fall of 1863 he enlisted in the Fourth Ohio battery light artillery, under Captain Conkle, in battery I); was in the Atlanta campaign, Hood's raid into Tennessee, and took part in the capture of Wilmington and Fort Fisher, under General Thomas, and was discharged by special order of the war department in July, 1865. In 1865 he married Catharine Scott, and is the father of two children, viz: Lawrence and Byron

PHILIP LONG, son of George Long, was born in Lake township in 1844, and in 1870 married Paulina Murk- linger. He learned the shoemaker's trade with Philip Bucher, and commenced the boot and shoe business with J. B. Long, in Loudonville, in 1867, and continued in partnership three years; he then sold his interest to J. B. Long, bought a new stock, and opened a store in Perrysville, the only boot and shoe store in that place, and has, by honest and fair dealing, built up a large trade, and gained the confidence of the public. He has been township treasurer three years, and still holds thaf office; and is one of the councilmen in Perrysville, He is a Democrat in politics. He is the father of four children, viz: Normanda A., Nora A., Mary A., and Emma A.

A. H. WILSON, born in Pennsylvania, came to Perrysville in 1873. He attended the Greentown academy

HISTORY OF ASHLAND COUNTY, OHIO - 281

three years, and taught school two terms; he then began the study of medicine with Dr. S. F. Griffith, but at the end of one year gave it up, on account of ill health. In 1877 he bought an interest in the Perrysville machine shops, with F, P. Grosscup and W. A, McCool. In 1878 he bought Grosscup's share, and the firm name at present is McCool & Wilson, They manufacture thirty-five styles of plow points, and ship them to nearly every county in Ohio, as well as to other States. They also manufacture wrought screws for cider presses, and a cast iron wad scraper, and are agents for the Griffith & Wedge steam engines, and the Massillon separator and engine. In 1878 A. H. Wilson married Ida J. Rice, of Perrysville. He is a member of the Presbyterian church, and in politics is a Democrat. He is the father of one child, viz: Kittie L.

WILLIAM CONDICK was born in Hampshire, England, and in 1866 married Jane A. Day; came to America in 1869, and first settled in Philadelphia, where 'he remained five years, clerking in a drug store. In 1874, he came to Perrysville, bought a stock of drugs and medicines, and opened a store in the room now occupied by the post-office, where he remained until 1878, when he bought a lot and erected a fine store room, in which he is now doing business ; he has the only drug store in Perrysville, and is doing a flourishing business, keeping for sale a general line of drugs, medicines, cigars, tobacco, notions and toilet articles. He is the father of four children : Harry, Mabel L., Minnie E., and William, who died in England.

JOHN EWALT, born in Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, in I780, came to Ohio in 1823, and settled in Lake township. He married Ann Todd, of Bedford county, Pennsylvania; was a farmer and followed farming all his life. He was trustee in Lake township several terms; was a member of the Presbyterian church; and in politics, a Democrat. His wife died in 1841, and he died in 1844 ; he was the father of seven children, only three of whom are living, viz: William D., who married Mary VanHorn, and afterwards married Margaret Perry ; Harris, who married Annie Sheldon, and lives in Hannibal, Missouri; Rebecca, who married Harvey Reinhard.

WILLIAM D. EWALT, born near Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, in 1813, came to Ohio with his father, John Ewalt, and in 1837 married Mary VanHorn, of Green township. She died in 1848, and in 1849 he married Margaret Perry.. He is a farmer by occupation, and has held the office of trustee in Green township three years, and treasurer two years ; he is a member of the Presbyterian church. In politics, he was a Democrat until the war broke out, when he became a Republican, and has voted the Republican ticket ever since. Two of his sons were in the army; they belonged to the Twenty- third Ohio volunteer infantry. He is the father of seven children : Eliza A., deceased, wife of William Byers, of Indiana; Elvina, wife of George W. Cline, of Indiana; John, who married Agnes Burger, and lives in Illinois; William, who married Catharine Chestnut, and lives in Ashland county; the other three children died in infancy.

JOHN B. GRETZINGER, born in Germany in 1809, came to Ashland county in 1843, and settled in Perrysville. In 1847, he moved to Erie, Pennsylvania, where he remained five years, when he with his family returned to Perrysville, and have remained there ever since; he is a tanner by trade, and at present is engaged in that business; is a member of the Evangelical Lutheran church. In politics, he was a Democrat until 1849, but since that time has voted the Republican ticket. He is the father of eight children: Harmon, William, Augustus and Frederick, who died in infancy; Charles, who married Rosella Workman; Matilda, who is the wife of Joseph McClure; and Emeline, who is the wife of Orville F, Ayres.

ADAM GRETZINGER, son of John B. Gretzinger, born in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, in 1842, came to Ohio with his father, and in 1867 married Rachel Irvin. By trade he is a tanner, but is at present engaged in the livery business. In 1862, he enlisted in the First Baltimore light artillery, under Captain F.W. Alexander, and took part in the battles of Fredericksburgh and Winchester. Politically, he is a Democrat; and is a member of the Evangelical Lutheran church.

WILLIAM IRVIN, father of Mrs. Adam Gretzinger, was born in Butler county, Pennsylvania, in 1798, and came to Ohio with his father in 1811. They first settled in the Darling neighborhood, in Green township. Farming was his occupation all through life. The office of constable he held for several years, and was one of the parties who assisted in ridding the county of the outlaws, Driscoll and Brawdy. In politics, he was a Republican; and he was a member of the Presbyterian church. January 13, 1823, he married Rachel Tannehill. She died February 13, 1880; he died September 12, 1879. He was the father of eight children, only four of whom are living: Melzer, Robert, John, and Rachel, wife of Adam Gretzinger.

DANIEL YARNELL, a resident of Wayne county, Ohio, was born in Pennsylvania in 1787, and married Elizabeth Calhoun. He was a shoemaker by trade. He held the offices of sheriff, justice of the peace, and constable, in Wayne county, for a number of years. He died in 1864. His wife died in 1871. He was the father of eight children: David, who married Laura Henderson, and lives in Wayne county, Ohio; Aaron deceased, who married Margaret McMahon; Hannah and Ewing (deceased); Sarah, wife of G. G. Leopold, of Loudonville; Ellen (deceased), who was the wife of Jacob Everhart, of Wooster, Ohio; and Phebe (deceased).

AARON YARNELL was born in Wayne county, Ohio, in 1818, came to Ashland county about 1838, and settled in Loudonville. He was a tinner by trade, and was engaged in that business about ten years, when he sold to G. G. Leopold, and, in company with Thomas McMahon, opened a dry goods store, in which business he continued about six years. He died in 1877. He was married to Margaret McMahon, who died in 1878. They had three children: Mary E., who became the wife of Isaac Seigenthaler, and, afterwards, the wife of Timothy Osborn; John, who died in infancy; and Daniel R.

282 - HISTORY OF ASHLAND COUNTY, OHIO.

DANIEL R. YARNELL, son of Aaron Yarnell, was born in Loudonville April 3, 1846. He learned the tinner's trade of G. G. Leopold, in Loudonville, and February 27, 1867, in company with G. G, Leopold, opened a stove and tin store in Perrysville, the only store of the kind there, and remained in partnership twelve years, when they sold to Jonathan Coulter. At present Mr, Yarnell is engaged in milling, his mill being situated two miles south of Loudonville, on the Clear fork. It has three run of stone, and grinds on the new process. January 2, 1868, he married Miss L. L, Gladdon, of Richland county, Ohio. He has been trustee of Green township one term, and councilman ever since the town was incorporated. He is the father of four children: Oakley E., Guy G,, Leon L., and Don G.

JAMES McCOOL was born in Pennsylvania in 1822, came to Ohio in 1838, and settled in Green township, Ashland county. He is a miller by trade and occupied the old steam-mill in Ashland until 1861, when he was elected sheriff of Ashland county, and held the office two terms. In 1866 he bought an interest in John W. Springer's livery stable, and remained in partnership with him one year, when he sold his share to Springer, and bought out Helpman's stock of groceries, and was engaged in that until 1875, when he sold his share to Springer, and went to Minneapolis, Minnesota, where he is engaged in milling. In 1845 he married Rhoda Swacick, and is the father of seven children, four of whom are living, viz,: James; William A., who married Elizabeth Denner; Henry C., of Perrysville; and Chas. W., of Ashland.

WILLIAM A. McCOOL was born in Ashland county in 1850, and received a common school education. When he was fourteen years old he went to work for David Whiting, of Ashland, where he learned to be a machinist, and has always worked at his trade. He is now one of the proprietors of the Perrysville machine works. In politics he is a Democrat. In 1871 he married Elizabeth Denner, of Rowsburgh, Ashland county, and is the father of four children: Jesse M., who died in infancy; Howard S., William A, and Charles E,

ANDREW MUMPER was born in York county, Pennsylvania, in 1787, came to Ohio in 1837, and first settled in Ashland county on the farm now owned by Samuel Staffer. He was a farmer by occupation; a member of the Methodist Episcopal church, and in politics was a Democrat until the Whig party was organized, when he became a Whig. He married Margaret Dato, of York county, Pennsylvania, who died in 1861, Mr. Mumper died in 1860. They had a family of nine children, six of whom are living, viz,: Catharine, who married Michael Bender, of Pennsylvania; John, who married Leah Wonders, of Iowa; Andrew, who married Elizabeth Bryan, of Ashland county; Hannah, who married Vincent Daly, of Indiana ; Jane, who married Samuel Shaffer, of Illinois; and Joseph, who married Christina Fleck, of Ashland county.

ANDREW MUMPER, SR., was born in York county, Pennsylvania, in 1816, and came to Ohio with his father in 1837. In 1836 he married Elizabeth Bryan, of York county, Pennsylvania. In 1838 he removed to Knox county, where he remained seven years, when he returned to Ashland county, and, in 1851, bought the farm on which he now lives. He has farmed all his life, and the last thirty-nine years has threshed. He commenced business with a small capital, and, by honesty and industry, has accumulated a large property. He is a member of the Methodist Episcopal church, and a respected member of society. He is the father of nine children, six of whom are living, viz.: William A., who married Susan Sanborn, and now lives in Holmes county; Frances, wife of Isaac Hunter, of Hanover township; Andrew, who married Hannah Hite, of Ashland county; Margaret, wife of George Lawrence, of Ashland county; Joseph, and Catharine.

ANDREW MUMPER, JR., was born in Knox county, Ohio, in 1841, and came to Ashland county with his father in 1846. In 1861 he enlisted in company G, Sixty-fifth Ohio volunteer infantry, under Captain Orlow Smith, and served until July, 1862. In 1867 he married Hannah Hite. He is a farmer, has been school director for five years, and is deeply interested in educational matters. He settled on the farm on which he now lives in 1872. He has three children: Mary T., Harry O., and Katie.

ROBERT R. HUMPHREY, born in Ashland county, Ohio, in 1851, was engaged in farming and school teaching until 1874, when in company with J. R. Swartz he purchased A. D. Zimmerman's stock of dry goods, groceries and notions in Perrysville, and continued in partnership until 1878, when he purchased Swartz's share, and still continues business under the firm name of Humphrey & Son. April 14, 1880, their store and nearly their entire stock was destroyed by fire, but they immediately erected a temporary building adjoining their old stand, bought a new stock of goods, and still continue in business. They deal largely in country produce; their sales in all amounting to between twenty-five thousand and thirty thousand dollars per annum. In 1878 he married Jennie E. Wallace, and they have one child, Clyde.

ANDREW HUMPHREY, born in Ireland, came to America when only twelve years old, and afterward married Mary Humphrey, of Erie, Pennsylvania. He came to Ashland county in 1824, and first settled on the farm now owned by William Humphrey. He was a shoemaker by trade, but in the latter part of his life was engaged in farming. He was a member of the Disciple church, and in politics was a Democrat. He was the father of ten children, six of whom are living: William. who married Nancy Mcllvaine; Rebecca, wife of Lewis Patterson, of Missouri; Nancy, wife of Alexander McS Catharine, wife of John Ramsey, of Iowa; John, who married Rebecca Toney, and lives in Ashland county, Ohio; and Jane, wife of James Laird.

WILLIAM HUMPHREY, born in Mifflin county, Pennsylvania, in 1814, came to Ohio with his father, and in 1842 married Mary Mcllvaine. He is engaged in farming, and also in the dry goods business in Perrysville, and has the largest vineyard in Green township. He has

HISTORY OF ASHLAND COUNTY, OHIO - 283

held the office of trustee, clerk and treasurer for a number of years, and is an honored and respected member of society. He has eight children, viz.: James A., who married Mary Wachel, and lives in Ashland county; Mary, wife of Benjamin Fry, of Ashland county; Annie; Robert, who married Jennie Wallace, and lives in Ashland county; William, Jane, Sadie and Hattie.

BENJAMIN QUICK, born in Bedford county, Pennsylvania, in 1793, came to Ohio in 1812, and first settled in what was then Wayne county, but is now a part of Holmes county, and is called Washington township. He settled in Ashland county in 1839. He was a wagon- maker by trade, and worked at his trade all his life. He first married Clarissa Priest, and afterward married Susan Clough. He died in 1841. He was the father of eleven children, eight of whom are living, viz,: Harriet, wife of William Ayers, of Upper Sandusky; Daniel, who married Elizabeth Tannehill, and lives in Missouri; Olive; Aaron; Benjamin, who married Mary Jackson, and lives in Colorado; Isaac, who lives in Oregon; William in California, and Thomas in California.

AARON N. QUICK, son of Benjamin Quick, was born in Holmes county, January 8, 1824, and in 1848 married Catharine Darling. At first he worked at his trade, that of a carpenter and cabinet-maker; then he purchased his father's farm, about two miles south of Perrysville, and for the last twenty years has been engaged in farming and stock-dealing. In politics, he is a Republican. Seven children belong to his family : Ella; Franklin, who married Russia Robinson, and lives in Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania; Jonas B,; Drego A., deceased; Thomas, who lives in Pittsburgh; Jeanette, and Hattie.

HENRY COBLE was born in Northumberland county, Pennsylvania, May 19, 1798; came to Ohio with his father at an early date and settled in Wayne county,near Wooster, where he married Anna M. Harner in 1824. In 1823, he came to Ashland county, and settled in lake township, and has always been engaged in farming. In politics, he is a Republican; and is a member of the Presbyterian church. February 28, 1880, his wife died. Six children constitute his family, viz; John, who married Sophia Kantzer, and afterwards married Rebecca Horn; Sarah, wife of John Norris, deceased; Rebecca, wife of Thomas Metcalf, living in Iowa; Daniel, who married Margaret Kantzer; Henry, who married Mary E. Young; Maria A., wife of Joseph Chesseroun.

ALLEN OLIVER was born in Sussex county, New Jersey, in 1760; came to Ohio in 1810, and first settled on the Black fork, in Ashland county, on the farm now owned by Lewis Oliver. The nearest neighbors were three miles distant, and the nearest mill was at Frederick, about twenty miles away. When he entered the farm, in 1809, it looked like a wilderness, and the Indians were quite numerous, Truly, he can be called one of the pioneers of the county. 'Though he had very little money, he accumulated a fair fortune and a comfortable home. During the Revolution, he manufactured salt for the soldiers; not as we manufacture it now, but by boiling down ocean water. Elizabeth Kinney, of Pennsylvania, became his wife. She died in October, 1828, at the age of sixty-seven years. Although not a member of any church, he contributed liberally to the support of the Gospel. In politics, he was a Democrat, In September, 1823, he died, the father of seven children, of whom only two are living: Daniel, who married Sarah Quick, and lives in Ashland county; and Lewis, who married Nancy Ravenscroft.

LEWIS OLIVER was born in Washington county, Pennsylvania, December 26, 1793, and came to Ohio with his father. May 6, 1824, he married Nancy Ravenscroft. In 1814, he entered the farm now owned by Mrs. Hill, in Loudonville. For two years he has been township treasurer, and is respected by all who know him, In politics, he is a Democrat, January 2, 1873, his wife died, at the age of seventy-seven years, leaving seven children, viz: William A., Paul, John; Rebecca J., wife of Amos A. Burwell, of Indiana; Elizabeth, wife of W. W. Martin, of Wisconsin; Malcolm, deceased; Margaret, wife of J. Rice, of Ashland county.

CEPHAS PARKER was born in Sangerfield, New York, in 1807, and came to Ohio with his father in 1816. They settled in Holmes county, on the farm now owned by John Priest; he was always engaged in farming, and was one of the most systematic farmers of his time. For one year he was constable in Washington township, Holmes county, A member of the Baptist church, he was an honorable and upright man. In politics, he was an old-line Whig. In 1867 he died, at the age of sixty years; his wife died in 1864, at the age of fifty-seven. Eight of his nine children are living, viz: Silas C., who married Christie N. Gibbon; Alonzo P., who married in Kansas; Calvin C., who married Catharine Traverse; William P., who married in Philadelphia; Elenora, wife of Harison Fisher; Clementine D., wife of Wilson Norris; Isaac D., who married Miss Mocherman; and James L,, who lives in Sacramento, California.

SILAS C. PARKER was born in Holmes county, Ohio, in 1831, and took a course in the Loudonville academy and at Delaware university. He taught school twenty years, and was superintendent of .the Perrysville union school two years, and of the union school in Lucas one year. He studied law with R. M. Campbell, of Ashland, and was admitted to the bar in Mt. Vernon, Knox county, Ohio, in 1876, In 1854 he went over the plains to California, and remained there four years, engaged in mining with fair success. In 1858 he returned to Ashland county, and engaged in farming and teaching until 1861. In 1862 he enlisted in the Thirty-second Ohio volunteer infantry, where he remained until the end of the war. He was a non-commissioned officer and division commissary sergeant, and color-bearer, and took part in the battles of Port Gibson, Raymond, Jackson, Champion Hill, where he was wounded; Vicksburgh, with Sherman on his Meridian expedition, at Atlanta, Peach Tree creek, Decatur, and took part in every action that took place with Sherman on his march to the sea, up to the time of Johnson's surrender; he then returned to Big Prairie, Wayne county, where he engaged in the mercantile business, and remained there until March,

284 - HISTORY OF ASHLAND COUNTY, OHIO.

1868, when he removed to Perrysville, where he is engaged in the practice of law. In 1876 he was elected justice of the peace of Green township, which office he now holds, He is a member of the Baptist church; and in politics is a Democrat. In 1860 he married Christie• N. Gibbon, of Wayne county, Ohio, and is the father of seven children: Sallie L., deceased; Essa M., Edie J., Amasa C., Frank A., Lib. C., and Kary G.

LAKE TOWNSHIP.

GEORGE KANTZER, SR., born in Ellsos, France, September 27, 1792 ; came to America in 1840, and settled on the farm now owned by his son George. He was a shoemaker, but when he came to America he gave up his trade and engaged in farming. He married Saloma Schmidt, who was born August 12, 1797, in Ellsos, France. She died in January, 1879. He was a member of the German Lutheran church, and in politics a Democrat. He was the father of five children. George, who married Catharine Taber; Salmona, who is the wife of Peter B. Long; Sophia, deceased, who was the wife of John Coble; John, who married Barbara Reinhardt, and afterward married Sophia Shaffer; and Margaret, who married Daniel Coble.

JOHN KANTZER, was born in Ellsos, France, in 1832 ; came to Ohio with his father, and in 1855 married Barbara Reinhardt, who died in 1874. In 1876 he married Sophia Shaffer. He is a farmer. He has been township treasurer for three years, and justice of the peace for four years. He is a member of the German Lutheran church, and has been one of the trustees for two years. In politics he is a Democrat. He is the father of nine children, six of whom are living, viz: John B.; Salmona C.; Sophia M.; William B.; Walter and Bertha.

GEORGE KANTZER, JR., was born in Ellsos, France, December 22, 1824. He came to America with his father in 1840, and in 1849 married Catharine Taber, who was born in Ellsos, France, in 1825. He was a shoemaker by trade, but soon gave it up and engaged in farming. He is a prominent member of the German Lutheran church, in which he takes great interest, and has held every office except that of elder, and is at present one of the trustees, and contributes largely to its support. He is the father of ten children, viz: Catharine, wife of George Kreiffer, of Wayne county, Ohio; Saloma; John P., deceased; Emma M.; George F.; Annie B.; Matilda M.; Caroline; Helena; and Minnie I.

GEORGE B. WOLF, born in Ellsos, France, in 1838, came to America with his father in 1840, who settled in Ashland county, Lake township, Ohio. In 1860 he married Alla V. Myers, of Wayne county, Ohio. Mr, Wolf is a stone mason, having learned his trade of Michael Roth, but has been engaged in farming for several years past. He has held the office of township clerk for the past four years, and is the present incumbent. He is a member of the Lutheran church, and a highly respected member of society. His children are: Adeline M., Ida M., John M. and William S.

ROBERT RICHEY, born in county Armagh, Ireland, in 1797, came to America in 1804, and settled in Ashland county, on the Big Mohican, where he remained for a number of years, when he moved to Wayne county, Ohio, where he married Naomi Isabella in 1823. He then moved to Knox county, Ohio, where he remained one year, and then returned to Ashland county, and settled on a farm in Mohican township. At the end of the year he sold his farm and settled on the farm now owned by Francis J. Richey, in Lake township. He was a distiller by trade, and followed the business for several years, but in 1830 gave it up and was engaged in farming until the time of his death, which occurred August 2, 1863. He was deeply interested in educational matters, and was a school director for a number of years, He had but three months' schooling, and was determined that his children should, if possible, have better advantages. He was a firm believer in Universalism but never united with the church, He was the father of seven children: Joel, who married Rebecca Hoy and lives in Ashland county; Cordelia, who married Eliza Bunion ; Emily, who died in infancy; Francis T., who married Elizabeth Crumlick; Newton, who married Sarah Finley; Louisa, who married Martin Tannehill, and lives in Illinois.

FRANCIS T. RICHEY was born in Ashland county on the farm on which he now lives, in 1835, and in June, 1857, married Elizabeth Crumlick, of Wayne county, Ohio. He has been trustee of Lake township for two years, school director for six years, and supervisor of roads for several years. He is engaged in farming. In politics he is of Democratic faith. He is the father of seven children, viz.: Mary C., Laura L. Florence M,, Clement L., and Celestia. Frank L., and Dennis M., deceased,

JOHN WOLF was born in Ellsos, France, in 1803, and came to Ashland county in 1840, and settled on the farm now owned by J. J. Wolf, in Lake township. A weaver by trade, he followed his occupation six years after he came to Ohio, when be gave it up and engaged in farming, which he followed up to the time of his death, which occurred in 1861. He married Mary Peteas in Ellsos, France, who still survives him. He was a member of the Lutheran church. In politics he was a member of the Democratic party. He had five children: Mary, Catharine, Margaret, John J,, and George B.

JOHN J. WOLF, son of John Wolf, was born in Ellsos, France, in 1835, and came to America with his father, and now owns the farm in Lake township upon which his father first settled. In 1858 he married Matilda Myers, of Wayne county, Ohio. He has been township trustee two terms, and assessor two terms, and in 1877 was elected county commissioner, which office he now holds. He is a member of the Lutheran church, and is highly respected by his neighbors.

HISTORY OF ASHLAND COUNTY, OHIO - 265

JOHN BURD, born in Pennsylvania, came to Ohio, and first settled in Jefferson county in 1805, where he remained thirty years, when he came to Ashland county and settled near Savannah, in Ruggles township, on the farm now owned by Robert Pogue. In 1840 he moved to Illinois, where he remained until his death, which occurred in 1845, when his wife also died. He was the father of ten children, only three living, viz.: Sparks, who married Rachel Finley; John, who lives in Illinois, and Fannie, wife of Robert Cochrane.

SPARKS BURD, SR., born in Washington county, Pennsylvania, in 1796, came to Ohio with his father in 1805, and settled in Jefferson county, Ohio, where he remained nine years. He then went to Wayne county, Ohio, where he stayed four years, and then returned to Ashland county, and settled on the farm on which he now lives in 1818, and in 180 cleared ten acres of land and sowed seven acres of wheat, and built a cabin. He then went back to Jefferson county, where he remained until the following spring, when he returned in company with his brother William, and they cleared off the farm on which he now lives, and can truly be called the pioneer of Ashland county, On March 28, 1833, he married Eliza 'Long, of Lake township, who had two children, and died June 23, 1835. In 1840 he married Charlotte Austin, who died in 1861, and in 1864 he married Rachel Finley. The two children were Sparks, who married Mary Finley, and Sarah A., who became the wife of Ithamer Covert.

SPARKS BURD, JR., was born in Ashland county, June 25, 1835, and received a common school education. He is a farmer and school-teacher, and has taught school twenty-five terms. In 1862 he enlisted in the Fourth Ohio volunteer infantry, under Captain D. R. Timmons, and served three years, when he was promoted to sergeant major of the battalion. He served under Burnside, Hooker and Meade, and took part in nearly all the battles of the army of the Potomac from Chancellorsville to Apamattox Court House, and was wounded at Spotsylvania. He was mustered out in 1865, and in 1870 moved to Kansas, where he remained until 1874. While there he was elected representative of Bourbon county, and served one term in -the legislature. In April, 1874, he 1eturned to Ashland county, Ohio, and in 1877 was elected justice of the peace of Lake township, and in 1880 was re-elected to the same office. On September t0, 1857, he married Mary Finley, who died April 13, 1870. On April 30, 1871, he married Mary Seiss. There are eight children, viz: Charlotte, Edwin S., John E., William, Sarah E., Norah, Frederick and Burton.

ITHAMER COVERT, was born in Lake township, Ashland county, Ohio, in 1832, and received a common school education. In 1855 he married Sarah Hurd. He is engaged in farming, is a deacon in the Reformed church and contributes largely to its support. In politics he is a Republican. He is the father of eight children, viz: Cyrus B., Ithamer E., Emma E., Enoch I., Harvey S., John C,, Eliza A., and Dayton.

JACOB DILLIER, was born in Germany in 1783, came to Ohio at an early day and married Elizabeth Stayer, in Lebanon county, Pennsylvania. He came to Ohio in 1830, and first settled in Sugar Creek township, Wayne county, Ohio, and remained there nine years. In 1839 he settled in Lake township, Ashland county, Ohio, on the farm now owned by Henry Dillier and brothers. He was a carpenter, but after he came to Ashland county gave up his trade and became engaged in farming. He was a member of the Lutheran church during the early part of his life, but in later years joined the Reformed church, and died in that faith January 3, 1867. His wife died December 8, 1846. He was the father of seven children, viz: Joseph and David, both living in Ashland county; Hannah, who is living in Summit county, Ohio; Rebecca, deceased, who was the wife of George Creisbaum; Henry, who married Sarah Mowery, and afterward married Lucinda Covert; Mary, deceased, who was the wife of James Winebigler; Lydia, wife of George Bender, of Illinois.

HENRY DILLIER, son of Jacob Dillier, was born in Lebanon county, Pennsylvania, in 1820, and came to Ohio with his father in 1830; he is a farmer. He has held the office of trustee for several terms, and is deeply interested in schools and all things that pertain to the education of the young. He is a member of the Reformed church, and has held the office of elder since 1865, On October 21, 1841, he married Sarah Maurer, of Lake township, who died March 1, 1863. On October 10, 1867, he married Lucinda Covert; he is the father of six children, only three of whom are living, viz: Eliza, wife of Alfred W. Hall, of Indiana; Hannah, wife of Wesley Cusmore; and Rebecca, wife of Benjamin Jones, of Ashland county. Mr. Dillier has taken his grandson, Adam A. Long, son of his daughter Mary, deceased, to bring up.

PETER HUFF, born in Berkeley county, Virginia, in 1798, came to Ohio in 1825, and settled on the farm on which he now lives. It was then in the midst of a forest. He cleared off a small piece of ground and erected a log cabin, and by industry has cleared his farm and accumulated a nice fortune. He has held the office of supervisor for a number of years, and is overseer of the poor. He is a member of the Baptist church. In politics he was a Jacksonian Democrat, but since the organization of the Republican party has voted the Republican ticket. In 1825, in Beaver county, Pennsylvania, he married Rosanna Lower, and is the father of five children: Elizabeth, who married Samuel Shoup, and afterward married Anthony Stentz; Samuel, who married Annie Marks; William, who married May Horn; Sarah, who married Jacob Harker; and Martha A., who married George Riland.

WILLIAM LONG was born in Ashland county, December 11, 1846, and received a common school education, He learned the baker's trade, and in company with his brother, Samuel Long, opened a confectionery store and bakery in Napoleon, Henry county, Ohio, and stayed there five years, when he gave up the business, and has since been engaged in farming. In 1868 he married Annie Andrews, of Green township, Ashland county.

286 - HISTORY OF ASHLAND COUNTY, OHIO.

She died in December, 1876, and in December, 1878, he married Magdalena Weimer, of Holmes county. He was a member of the Lutheran church, but is now a member of the Evangelical Association. He is the father of four children: Peter, deceased; Maggie, Bertie A., and Harry.

ADAM LONG was born in Ashland county in 1838. He received a common school education, and in 1868 married Mary L. Dillier, who died in 1870. In 1871 he married Matilda D. Esselburn. He has held the office of township trustee two years; has been assessor two years, and still holds that office, and has also been justice of the peace for six years. He is a member of the Lutheran church, much respected and highly esteemed in the community in which he lives. He has four children: Adam A., Lewis A., William H., and Alice M,

GEORGE BRUBAKER, born in Dauphin county, Pennsylvania, in 1798, and came to Ohio in 1825, and settled in Lake township, Ashland county, on the farm now owned by John Garst. In 1819 he married Elizabeth Burkhart, of Bedford county, Pennsylvania. He was a mason, but after he came to Ohio gave up his trade and engaged in farming. He was a member of the Methodist Episcopal church, and in politics a Democrat. He died in 1862. He was the father of eleven children, six of whom are living, viz.: Joseph B.; Margaret B., wife of Abram R. Owen; George W.; Elias P., who married Diantha Rodgers, and lives in California; Mary E., wife of D. C. Kean, and Harrison A., who married Elizabeth Gilbert, and lives in Michigan,

GEORGE W. BRUBAKER, son of George Brubaker, was born in Bedford county, Pennsylvania, January 12, 1828, and came to Ohio with his father in 1834. He went to school in Lake township and attended the Vermillion institute in Hayesville two years and a half; has taught school twenty-two winters and one summer, and is one of the veteran teachers of the county. In 1856 he purchased the farm on which he now lives, and commenced with a very small amount of capital, but has by hard labor and economy accumulated a nice property. He has cut in one day with a cradle ten acres of wheat, and has several times cut eight acres, and frequently cut five acres of oats in a half day. He has held the office of justice of the peace in Lake township nine years, and has been clerk and trustee for several years. He is engaged in farming, and is a member of the Methodist Episcopal church. In 1852 he married Susanna Smith, of Green township, Ashland county, Ohio. She was born in Maryland. They are the parents of nine children, viz.: Emma E., wife of Abel Gowdy; Simpson, who died when three years old; Sophrona, wife of Harpster Cooper; Mary L., wife of Emer S. McKinley; Rosella R.; Dyantha J.; Edson 0.; Anna B., and George W,

AUGUSTUS C. KEAN, born in Wayne county, Ohio, in 1838, received a common school education, and in 1869 settled in Ashland county on the farm on which he now lives, He is a member of the Methodist Episcopal church, and in politics is a Republican. In 1861 he married Nancy Brubaker, who died in 1877, They had five children: Alice E., Mary G., Gary W,, and two who died in infancy.

HENRY MAURER was born in Pennsylvania, near Hollidaysburgh, in 1792. In 1833, he came to Ashland county, and settled on the farm now owned by George Brubaker, in Lake township; and was engaged in farming all his life. For several years he was justice of the peace, and also held the offices of trustee, clerk, and treasurer, and was highly respected in the community in which he lived. He first married Hannah Cautner, who died in 1856. In 1862, he married Mary A. Smith. In 1864 he died, the father of nine children, only two of whom are living, viz: Rebecca, wife of Daniel Metcalf ; and Samuel, who married Mary J. Stow.

PETER SANDERS, SR., born in Lebanon county, Pennsylvania, in 1792, came to Ohio in 1829, and first settled in Stark county, where he remained six years. In 1835, he came to Ashland county and settled in Lake township, on the farm now owned by Peter Sanders, jr. By trade he was a weaver, and worked at that business as long as he lived; he was a member of the German Baptist church. In Lancaster county, Pennsylvania, he married Hannah Botenstat. She died in 1867; and he died in 1876, the father of ten children : Peter; Jacob, who married Mary Karns, and lives in Indiana; Fannie, wife of Fleetus Dow; Samuel, who married Sarah Wright; Hannah, wife of George. Wolf; George, Henry and Susan, who died when young; Mary and John.

PETER SANDERS, JR., was born in Lancaster county, Pennsylvania, in a80, and came to Ohio with his father. Mr. Sanders never married, but he lives on the old homestead. Though not a member of any church, he contributes liberally to all the churches in the vicinity, and takes a deep interest in all educational matters. For three years he has held the office of school director, and is an influential and respected member of society. In politics, he is a Republican.

JOHN ARTZ, born in Ellsos, France, in 1830, came to America in 1852 and settled in Upper Canada, where he remained two years. Then he came to Ohio and settled in Holmes county, where he remained three months, when he went to California and was there six years engaged in gold mining. In 1861 he 1eturned to Ohio and settled in Knox county, where he remained seven years. At the end of that time he cane to Ashland county, and bought the farm on which he now lives. The offices of supervisor and school director he has filled; is a member of the Lutheran church, in which he has been elder for two years. In 1863, he married Elizabeth Motz, of Knox county, who had one child, and died in 1864. In 1865, he married Louisa Schauneker, of Ashland county, who has had six children. Their names are as follows; John A., who died in infancy; Gustave A., John W., Annie M., Louis P., Frederick C. and George E,

JOHN WARENS was born in Pennsylvania, in 1800, came to Ohio at an early day, and settled on the farm now owned by the Warens heirs. When he first settled there it was like a wilderness. He cleared his own farm and built his own cabin, and was truly one of the pio-

HISTORY OF ASHLAND COUNTY, OHIO - 287

neers of Ashland county. In 1830 he married Mary Ekes in Ashland county. He died in 1867, and his wife still survives him. He was the father of seven children, viz: William, who married Catharine Horn; John C., who married Magdalena Estwiler; Elizabeth, Mary E., Susan R., Martin, deceased, and one child who died in infancy.

JOHN C. WARENS was born in Ashland county, in 1837, and received a common school education. In 1866 he married Magdalena Estwiler. He is a farmer, and deeply interested in educational matters, and is now director of the school in his district. He is not a member of any church, but contributes largely to the support of the Reformed church. In politics he is a Democrat. He is the father of three children: Irvin A., Eliza E., and Mary E.

WILLIAM WARENS was born in Ashland county, on the farm on which he now lives, in 1835. He is a carpenter by trade, but is now engaged in farming. He has held the office of supervisor one year. In 1869 he married Caroline Horn, and is the father of five children, viz: Harvey I., Jacob N., Wallace A., William E., and one child who died in infancy.

GEORGE BENDER was born near Reading, Pennsylvania, in 1775. He came to Ohio in 1828, and first settled on the farm now owned by Martin Bender. He was a carpenter, but gave up his trade, and during the latter part of his life was engaged in farming. He was a member of the Reformed church, and in politics was a Democrat. He married Catharine Warens, of Penn sylvania, who died in 1847. He died in 1857. He was the father of seven children, of whom four are living, viz: John, who married Margaret Hauntz; Martin, who married Barbara Hauntz; Catharine, and George, who married Lydia Dillier, and lives in Illinois.

MARTIN BENDER was born near Carlisle, Cumberland county, Pennsylvania, in 1811, and came to Ohio with his father, and settled on the farm on which he now lives. He is a farmer—a member of the Reformed church, in which he has been an elder seven years. He married Barbara Hauntz, and is the father of twelve children: Matthias, who married Horretta Everhart; Eliza, who married Philip Snyder; Catharine, Sabina, who married Michael Snyder; Barbara A., Clementine, Caroline, Mary, deceased, and four others who died in infancy.

JOHN BENDER was born in Pennsylvania, in 1806. He came to Ohio with his father, and in 1839 married Margaret Hauntz, of Ashland county. In 1840 he settled on the farm on which he now lives. He has held the office of supervisor several years, and is a respected member of society. He is a member of the Reformed church, and has held the office of deacon and elder ever since St. Jacob's church was built. He is the father of eight children, of whom only five are living, viz: Martin, who married Lydia Durk, and lives in Kansas; Elizabeth, wife of Alonzo Workman, of Holmes county, Ohio ; David, John, and Francena.

JOHN EMERICK, born in Berks county, Pennsylvania, in 1781 came to Ohio in 1821, and settled on the farm now owned by Lewis Chesroun. He was a wagon-maker and blacksmith by trade, and followed that business about twelve years in Ohio, when he gave it up and was engaged in farming until the time of his death, which occurred in 1874. He married Mary Troutman, of Somerset county, Pennsylvania. For several years he held the Office of trustee in Lake township, and although not a member of any church, contributed largely to the building and support of all the churches in his vicinity. He was the father of nine children, six of whom are living, viz.: Drusilla, wife of William North; Mary, wife of George Cornell; Christina, wife of Simon Topper; George, who married Sarah Guthrie; Rebecca, wife of Michael Otto; and Alexander, who married Mary A. Yocum.

ALEXANDER EMERICK was born in Ashland county in 1825, where he received a common school education, and studied medicine with Dr. Blatchly, of Blatchlyville, Wayne county, Ohio, three years, Then he went to Cleveland, and finished his course at the Western Reserve college, where he remained one year. In 1848 he went to Waterloo, Michigan. where he practiced medicine four years. At the end of that time he settled in Lake township, Ashland county, Ohio, where he has practiced medicine ever since. For four years. he has been coroner of Ashland county. He married Mary A. Yocum, a native of Cumberland county, in 1849, and is the father of ten children, of whom six are living: Lewis N., who married Hannah Abert, and afterwards married Martha Harpman, and lives in DeKalb county, Indiana; Washington E,, who married Alice Spade; Charles Xenophon; Clement L. V.; and Ella.

JOHN G. LONG, born in Ellsos, France, in 1798, came to America in 1828, and first settled in Stark county, Ohio, where he remained ten years. Then he came to Ashland county, and settled in Lake township, on the farm now owned by Peter B. Long, All his life he was engaged in farming. He was a member of the old Lutheran church, in which he was elder twenty years. He married Catharine Barnhart in Ellsos, France. She died in 1875. In 1868 he died. He was the father of five children: George, who married Margaret Murklinger; Peter, who married Saloma Kantzer; .John; Adam, who married Barbara Wyemer; and one child who died in infancy.

GEORGE LONG was born in Ellsos, France, in 1822, and came to America with his father. He is engaged in farming, and has held the office of supervisor and school director for several years. He is a member of the old Lutheran church, in which he has been deacon for thirty years. In politics he is a Democrat. In 1843 he married Margaret Murklinger, and is the father of six children, viz: Philip, who married Paulina Murklinger; George A., who married Christina Priest; John D.; David, who married Caroline Hipp; Simon P., and Catharine, who became the wife of John Peter.

EZEKIEL MOORES, born in Jefferson county, Ohio, in 1805, came to Ashland county in 1850, and bought the farm on which he now lives, from the Webster heirs. He has held the office of supervisor and school director in the township from time to time, and although seventy-

288 - HISTORY OF ASHLAND COUNTY, OHIO.

five years of age, is still able to superintend his farm. In politics he is a Republican, and is a highly respected citizen. August 6, 1829, he married Mary James, of Jefferson county, Ohio, who had ten children, and died October 4, 1864. In 1865 he married Ann E. Cordell. The names of his children are: Sarah, who married Andrew Lybarger; Elizabeth, who married James H. Dunfee, deceased; Margaret, who married George M. , of Illinois; Mary Ann, and James, who are deceased; Effie, who married Webster Orum, of Illinois, now deceased ; William, who was killed at Gettysburgh; Ezekiel, who married Lydia Smith; Alfred, who married Minnie Smith, and John, who married Mary Lorentz.

EZEKIEL MOORES, JR., was born in Monroe county, Ohio, in 1842, and came to Ashland county with his father, in 1850, where he received a common school education. In 1861 he enlisted in the Sixty-fifth Ohio volunteer infantry, under Captain Orlow Smith, as a private, but was appointed corporal, and afterwards was promoted to first sergeant in the same year, and, for meritorious conduct at the battle of Stone River, was promoted to the rank of first lieutenant January 1, 1863. On July 10, 1864, he was promoted to the rank of captain, which place he held until his discharge, which occurred on the El Paso plains, in Texas, in 1866. He was engaged in the battles of Pittsburgh Landing; Iuka, Mississippi; Perrysville, Kentucky; Stone River, Chickamauga, Missionary Ridge, Rocky Face Ridge, Resaca, Dallas, Muddy Creek, Kenesaw Mountain, Peach Tree Creek, Atlanta, Jonesborough, Lovejoy Station, Spring Hill, Franklin, and Nashville. In 1866 he married Lydia Smith, of McKay, and in 1867 moved to Jefferson county, Illinois, where he remained ten years, While there he was county commissioner for three years, deputy clerk of the supreme court of the southern district of Illinois eighteen months,, and also held several minor offices, In 1877 he returned to his old home in Lake township, Ashland county, Ohio, where he still remains, and is engaged in farming. In 1880 he was elected township trustee, and appointed census enumerator. In politics he is a Republican. He is the father of three children: Adella, Nettie, and Charles.

JOHN FINLEY was born in Knox county, Ohio, in 1806, came to Ashland county with his father in 1809, and settled on the farm now owned by Seibert & Austin, in Mohican township. In 1827 he married Sarah Baird, of Plain township, Wayne county, Ohio. He was engaged in farming all his life. In politics he was an old-line Whig until the Republican party was organized, when he became a Republican, and voted with the party until his death, which occurred in 1865. His wife still survives him, and resides with her son, Luther C,, in Lake township. John Finley was the father of seven children, viz.: Abner, who married Elizabeth Smith; Elizabeth, who married Isaac Rainey; Lusette, wife of Wesley Chesroun; Mary, deceased, who was the wife of Sparks Burd; Luther, who married Ann Plank, and afterwards married Anna M. Kithcart, and then Eliza J, Hootman; and Sarah, the wife of N. Richey.

ABNER FINLEY, son of John Finley, was born in Ashland county in 1830, on farm now owned by his mother; he received a common school education, and has always been engaged in farming. In 1856, he married Elizabeth Smith, of Green township, Ashland county. One year he was township trustee; and in politics is a Republican. The names of his eight children are as follows: Thomas A., who married Effie L. Lybarger, of Wayne county; Frank S., James B., Clinton, Luella, John, Mark and Howard.

JACOB FULMER, born in Ellsos, France, in 1805, came to America in 1845, and the same year settled in Lake township, Ashland county. By trade he was a mason, but after he came to America he gave up his trade and engaged in farming. He was a member of the Evangel. ical Association; and died in 1862. In 1839, he was married to Mary Huffman in Ellsos, France, who still survives him. Of his family of eleven children, but eight are living: Margaret; John, who married Lou. Tipton; Catharine, wife of Abraham Metcalf ; Julia, wife of Levi Shutt; Jacob, who married Jane Morrell; Frederick, who married Amanda Workman; Daniel, who married Mary Spreng; and Mary, wife of William Stewart.

JOHN WOLF was born in Ellsos, France, in 1789, and married Margaret Spak, in Ellsos. She was born in 1798. June 14, 1853, he came to America, and settled in Lake township, Ashland county, on the farm now owned by John Artz, where he engaged in farming all his life, In 1860 he died; he was a member of the old Lutheran church, and while in Ellsos was elder in the church sixteen years. A hard-working, honest, industrious man, he was much respected in the community in which he lived. In September, 1874, his wife died. Only three of his five children are living, viz: George, who married Hannah Sanders; Michael, who married Mary Spack; and Mary, wife of Jacob Breckhisen.

GEORGE WOLF, born in Ellsos, France, in 1824, came to America with his father in 1853, and purchased a farm in Ashland county, Ohio, in company with his father. In 1848 he married Mary Cross, who died August 1, 1869. She was the mother of seven children. In 1870 he married Hannah Sanders. After the death of his father he sold the old homestead and purchased the farm on which he now lives, and has accumulated a nice fortune. He has held the office of school director for six years, and has been supervisor several terms. He is a member of the old Lutheran church, in which he has been elder for twelve years, and is a highly respected member of society. In politics he is a Democrat. He had seven children: John, who married Matilda Kayler; Mary, deceased, who was the wife of John Keik; Margaret, wife of Jonathan Tobe; Catharine, George, Caroline and Jacob.

HENRY KAYLER, born in Ellsos, France, in 1790, came to America in 1829, and first settled in New York, where he remained seven years, when he moved to Holmes county, Ohio, where he bought a farm and remained until his death, which occurred in 1843. He was the father of eight children, all of whom are living.

JACOB KAYLER, son of Henry Kayler, was born in

HISTORY OF ASHLAND COUNTY, OHIO - 289

Ellsos, France, in 1823, and came to America with his father, and first settled in Ashland county in 1846. He was a distiller by trade and was engaged in that business twenty years, but gave it up on account of the Rebellion, and has since been engaged in farming. In 1842 he married Charlotte Hans, a native of Baier, Germany. He has been township trustee two terms, supervisor four terms, and school director fourteen years; is a member of the old Lutheran church, in which he has been trustee for ten years, When he commenced life he had comparatively nothing, but by industry and economy, has accumulated a large fortune and is highly respected by all who know him. In politics he is a Democrat, He is the father of ten children, viz.: Jacob H., who died when twenty-three years old; George, who married Sallie Long; Matilda C., who is the wife of John Wolf; John, who married Sarah Rominger; Daniel, who died when six years old; Emeline, Adam, Solomon, (deceased), Charlotte M, Jonas P. (deceased).

MICHAEL WOLF, born in Ellsos, France, in 1837, came to America in 1852, and first settled in Hanover township, Ashland county, Ohio, on the farm now owned by Adam Young. In 1863 he sold it and purchased the farm on which he now lives, from David Workman. The farm contains two hundred and twelve acres; and he has built on it one of the largest brick houses in the county. When he first came to America he had to borrow ten dollars of his brother in Cleveland in order to reach Loudonville, and since that time (only about twenty- seven years), by industry and economy, has accumulated a nice fortune, and has secured for himself one of the best places in the county. He is a member of the old Lutheran church, in which he has been trustee for nine years, and to which he contributes largely, He married Mary Spack in Hanover township. She was a native of Ellsos, France. Mr. Wolf is the father of eight children, all living at home, viz.: John, George, Mary, Martin, Henry, Margaret, Michael and Charlie.

JOHN COBLE, born in Wayne county, Ohio, in 1825, came to Ashland county with his father when four years old. He learned the blacksmith trade with John Moulter, in McZena, and worked at his trade seven years. In 1850 he went overland to California, where he remained about a year, engaged in gold mining. He met with success, and during the year cleared about fifteen hundred dollars. Then he returned to Wayne county, Ohio, where he bought fifty acres of land. He remained there three years, and was engaged in blacksmithing. In 1854 he came to Ashland county, and purchased eighty acres of land—the same now owned by John and George Smith—and remained there about two years and a half, and then went to McZena, where he remained three years and worked at his trade. Then he returned to Wayne county and purchased one hundred acres of land, and at the end of six years again returned to Ashland county and purchased one hundred and twenty-two acres of land—the same now owned by Jacob Kayler—and at the end of two years bought the farm on which he now lives, from Calvin Parker. For twelve years he has held the office of school director, has been township trustee

two years, and supervisor several years. He is director of the Washington township, Holmes county, fire and lightning insurance company. In politics he is a Democrat. In 1851 he married Sophia Kantzer, who became the mother of seven children, and died in 1875. In 1876 Ile married Rebecca Horn, who is the mother of two children. The names of his children are: Samuel, deceased; infant, deceased; Margaret, Saloma, Sophia C., John G., Clementine, Elza A., and an infant, deceased.

ELIAS HORN was born in Germany, in 1840, and first settled in Pennsylvania in 1820. He came to Ohio, and settled in lake township, Ashland county, on the farm now owned by Jacob Kayler, and was engaged in farming all his life. He was a member of the German Baptist church, and in politics was a Democrat. He married Mary Foreman, of Pennsylvania, and after her death married Eve Mercer, of Pennsylvania. He died in 1823. He was the father of eight children, of whom only three are living, viz: Frederick, Jacob, and Susanna.

JACOB HORN was born in Pennsylvania, in 1810, came to Ohio with his father and settled on the same farm, and has been engaged in farming all his life. He has been trustee of Lake township two years, and school director several years. He is a member of the German Reformed church, and a respected member of society. In 1837 he married Catharine Hans, and is the father of nine children, viz: Daniel, George, who married Sarah E. Harner; David, who married Mary Otto; Caroline who became the wife of William Worms; Mary, wife of William Huff; Rebecca, wife of John Coble; Barbara, wife of Solomon Easly; and Emeline.

PETER WICOFF was born in New Jersey, and came to Ohio in 1815; he first settled in Harrison county, where he remained five years, when he moved to Ashland county, and settled on the farm now owned by William Wicoff. For several years he was a school director ; was a member of the Presbyterian church; and in politics was an old-line Whig. September 26, 1841, he died. He married Elizabeth Bruce, in Pennsylvania, who died in 1849. Four of his ten children are still living, viz : John, who lives in Indiana; William; Philura, who lives in Kansas; and Eleanor, who lives in Indiana.

WILLIAM WROFF, born in Crawford county, Pennsylvania, in 1811, came to Ohio with his father and settled on the same farm. In 1831, he married Sabrina Oram. The office of justice of the peace of Lake township he has held for twelve years in succession, and was trustee for several years; he is a member of the Methodist Episcopal church; and in politics is a Republican. The names of his five children are: Nancy J., wife of Andrew Stewart; Jasper; Newton, who died when nine years old; Delphinia, wife of Silas Smith; and Emma S., wife of Uriah McFarlan.

ENOCH COVERT was born in Northumberland county, Pennsylvania, in 1781, and married Elizabeth Hannon, of the same place. In his young days, he was engaged in lumbering on the Susquehanna. In 1818, he came to Ohio, and first settled near Wooster, where he remained one year, and in 1819 came to Lake township,

290 - HISTORY OF ASHLAND COUNTY, OHIO.

Ashland county, and settled in what was then a wilderness, on the farm now owned by William Covert. At that time, there were only three families within a radius of four miles. While in Ohio he was engaged in farming. For several years he was an elder in the Presbyterian church, of which he was a member, and was an earnest Christian; he contributed largely to the support of the church, and was respected by all who knew him. In 1861 he died, aged eighty years; his wife died in 1879, aged eighty-four years. Ten of his eleven children are living: John E., who married Esther Hanbey ; William, who married Hannah Ewalt, and afterward married Rebecca Smith; James M., who married Martha Martin; Esty T., who married Elizabeth Byers, of Indiana; Susan, who married Matthew Leach; Lucinda, who married Henry Dillier; Matilda; Ithamer, who married Sarah A. Burd; Sarah A.; and Nancy, who married David Leach.

JOHN E. COVERT was born in Pennsylvania in 1817, and came to Ohio with his father, and settled in Ashland county. In 1847 he went to the State of New York, where he followed the carpenter and joiner's trade nine years. He then returned to Ashland county and settled on the farm on which he now lives. He has held the office of school director and is deeply interested in all educational matters; is a member of the Reformed church, and in politics is a Republican. When he first began business he had only a sismall capital, but by industry and economy has accumulated quite a fortune and a very comfortable home. May 13, 1844, he married Esther Hanbey, of New York, and is the father of one child, James Enoch.

GEORGE EASLY, born in Baden, Germany, in 1810, came to America in 1829, and settled in Loudonville, Ashland county, Ohio, in 1832. He was a jeweler by trade, and the first jeweler in Loudonville. When he first began he carried clocks on his back and sold them through this and adjoining counties. He followed his trade until his death, in 1859, and accumulated a nice fortune. In early life he was a member of the Catholic church, but in after years became a member of the Lutheran church, and died in that faith. His wife still survives him. He was the father of ten children, six of whom are living, viz.: Henry, who married Arsulia R. Bender, of Loudonville; John J.; Julius S., who married Barbara Horn; Emeline E., wife of John J. Vance, of Holmes county, Ohio; George, and Adeline A.

JULIUS S, EASLY was born in Loudonville in 1845, and in 1876 married Barbara Horn. He has always been engaged in farming; has been township treasurer two years, supervisor one year, and school director one year. He is a member of the old Lutheran church. In politics he is a Democrat, and is a highly respected member of society. He is the father of four children: Augustus E, and Charles 0., deceased, and Amanda E. and Andrew A.

JOSHUA EBERHART, born in Huntingdon county, Pennsylvania, April 16, 1816, came to Ohio in 1839, and first settled in Wayne county, where he remained until 1855, when be came to Ashland county, and settled on the farm now owned by Michael Shelby. He was a cooper by trade, but when he came to Ohio engaged in farming. In 1841 he married Isabel Myers, of Wayne county. He was a member of the Lutheran church, and in politics was a Republican. He died in 1868. His wife still survives him, He was the father of six children: Eliza; John, who married Rebecca Young ; Abraham; Lewis, who married Alice Hazen, and lives in Missouri; Harriet, wife of Matthias Bender; Albert, who married Margaret Jobes.

JOHN EBERHART, born in Wayne county, in 1843, is at present engaged in the lumber business. In 1862 he enlisted in company C, One Hundred and Twentieth Ohio volunteer infantry, under Captain McKinley, and took part in the battles of Chickasaw Bluffs, Arkansas Post and Port Gibson. At the last battle he was wounded in the left lung, and was discharged at Trenton, New Jersey, in August, 1865, when he returned to Lake township, and in 1867 married Rebecca Young, and is the father of six children, viz: Harvey, Emmit, Gamelza, Charles, Montford, and Clyde.

JOHN C. YOUNG, born in Virginia, came to Ohio in 1817, and settled in Lake township, Ashland county, on the farm now owned by George Wolf. He was a cooper by trade, but while in Ohio was engaged in farming until his death, which occurred in 1851. During his residence in Lake township he was justice of the peace eleven years and township treasurer several years, He was a member of the Presbyterian church, and in politics was a Democrat. He married Rebecca Mathews, of Virginia, who died in 1845. He was the father of seven children, five of whom are still living, viz : Drusilla, wife of John Megary, of Richland county, Ohio; Eliza, wife of Reuben Hill; James, who married Eliza Stoner; Lucinda, wife of Elias Snowbarger; and John, who married Louisa Myer.

JAMES YOUNG was born in Virginia, in 181 came to Ohio with his father, and in 1836 married Eliza Stoner. He is a member of the Reformed church, and in politics is a Democrat. His wife died in September, 1879. He is the father of nine children, only five of whom are living, viz.: Catharine, wife of Tobias Wessel; Mary E., wife of Henry Coble; Rebecca, wife of John Eberhart; and Sarah A., wife of Truman Cross.

JACOB EMRICK was born in Pennsylvania in 1806, came to Ohio in the year 1820, and settled on the farm now owned by Lewis Chesroun, in Lake township, where he was married to Sallie Green. He has been county commissioner of Ashland county for six years, and has also held the office of constable, trustee, and treasurer. He was a member of the Masonic order in Loudonville for several years, and was an honored and respected member of society. He died in 1864. His wife still survives him. He was the father of ten children, viz.: Noah, who lives in Arizona; Jacob, who married Elizabeth Chapman, and lives in Indiana: Sarah, wife of James Swain, of Ashland county; John, who married Catharine McFillen, and lives in Indiana; Elizabeth, wife of Jacob Sprang, of Kansas; Rebecca, wife of Philip Bucher, of Michigan; Mary, deceased, who was the wife of Peter Homer, of Holmes county,

HISTORY OF ASHLAND COUNTY, OHIO - 291

Ohio; Jackson, who married Caroline Dirrim, and lives in Indiana; George, who married Caroline Crumlick; and Anna, wife of Jacob Garst.

GEORGE EMRICK was born in Lake township, Ashland county, Ohio, in 1843, and is engaged in farming. In 1864 he married Caroline Crumlick. He has been township trustee two years, and is now school director. In politics he is a Democrat. He is the father of seven children, viz.: Lillian, Philora, Thurman (deceased), Noah, John, Dora, and Cloid.

HANOVER TOWNSHIP.

JAMES LOUDON PRIEST was born in Massachusetts, in 1769, and married Paulina Channey; he moved from Oneida county, Massachusetts, to Onondaga county, New York, and then to Crawford county, Pennsylvania. He came with a large family down the Ohio river in a dug-out canoe, and settled in Holmes county, on the Lake fork, about two miles from Loudonville, on the farm now owned by Jacob Schauweker. May 10, 1810, with Stephen Butters as his partner, he laid out the town plot of Loudonville; wrote all the first titles of the town lots, and the village was named in honor of him. He was a farmer and dealt extensively in real estate; was a prominent Free Mason and a Royal Arch Mason; was a Whig, and during the war of 1812, he built a fort on his farm, and kept guard there two years. He was an active member of the Baptist church. He died in 1822, at the old homestead, and was buried with Masonic honors. He was the father of fourteen children, of whom only two are living, viz: John, who married Barbara Workman, and lives in Ashland county; and Alonzo, who became the husband of Rhoda Clark, and lives in Holmes county.

JOHN PRIEST, son of James Loudon Priest, was born in Crawford county, Pennsylvania, in 1807, and came to Ohio with his father in 1810, and settled in Holmes county. In 1835 he married Rebecca Workman, and in 1870 came to Ashland county, He is engaged in farming and stock dealing. In politics he is Republican. He is the father of eight children, viz: Melissa, who became wife of B. F. See, and lives in Wood county; Elizabeth C., Normanda, wife of L. S. Culver, of Loudonville; Columbus D., who married Elizabeth McCrary, and lives in Loudonville; Josephine, who became the wife of James A. Hackett, and lives in Massillon; Morgan A., Ida M., and Agnes L.

DAVID QUICK, grandfather of Jacob L. Quick, was born in Bedford county, Pennsylvania, and came to Holmes county, Ohio, in 1814, and settled on the farm now owned by Jacob L. Quick. He was the father of ten children, of whom only one survives, Mrs. Mirah Ligett, who lives near Nashville, Tennessee. Isaac Quick, father of Jacob L. Quick, was born in Bedford county, Pennsylvania, and came to Holmes county, Ohio, in 1814. In 1834 he married Elizabeth Lybarger, of Lake fork, Ashland county, Ohio. He was one of the prominent men of Holmes county, having held the office of justice of the peace and trustee for a number of years, and being also connected with the public schools. He was a member of the Methodist Episcopal church, and an honored and respected member of society. In 1860 he died in Holmes county. He was the father of nine children, only four of whom are living, viz.: Jacob I.., who married Ella Barker, and lives in Ashland county; David, who married Jane Layman, and lives in Ashland county; John, who married Emma Ross, and lives in Indiana, and Cyrus, who married Barbara Workman.

JACOB L. QUICK was born in Holmes county, Ohio, in 1837, on the farm he now owns; came to Ashland county in 1866, and settled in Loudonville. In 1868 he married Louisa Sprague, who died in 1871, In 1874 he married Ella Barker. From 1866 to 1868 he was superintendent of the public schools in Loudonville, when he severed his connection with the schools and went into the Loudonville bank as cashier, and has remained there up to the present time. He is a member of the Methodist Episcopal church, and has served as Sunday-school superintendent for the past eight years; he is a Republican in politics. The Quick family, as far as they can be traced, were Jacksonian Democrats.

N. H. BARKER was born in Caledonia county, Vermont, in 1814; came to Ohio in 1836, and in the same year married Roxanna Price. He is a Methodist minister, and in 1840 became a member of the North Ohio conference; was first stationed at Mansfield, and was agent of the Mansfield Female college one year, and was afterward stationed at the following places: Roscoe, East Union, Chesterville, Kenton, New London, Mt. Vernon, Shelby, Clyde, Fredricktown, Orange, Congress, Wadsworth, Ontario, West Salem, and Loudonville. His health failing, he was obliged to abandon tbe ministry, and for the past five years has been engaged in the boot and shoe business in Loudonville. He is a Republican in politics, and the father of four children, only one of whom is living, Ella M., now the wife of Jacob L. Quick, of Loudonville.

E. B. FULLER, father of Dr. Amos B. Fuller, was born in New York, in 1799, and married Sarah Culver, in Tioga county, Pennsylvania. In 1831 he first settled in Loudonville, and began the practice of medicine; was a doctor of the old school; was a member of the Methodist Episcopal church. In politics he was a Democrat —one of the liberal kind, bitterly opposed to the fugitive slave law. In 1856 two fugitives came to his house early in the morning. He fed them and sent them to Robert Wilson, where they were cared for and taken beyond the reach of United States marshals, blood-hounds, etc. He was the father of ten children, only four of whom are living: Catharine, who became the wife of Gilbert Pell, afterward married Calvin Hibbard, and lives in Ashland county; Susan, who married J. W. Hildebrand, and lives in Columbus; Content, who married J.

292 - HISTORY OF ASHLAND COUNTY, OHIO.

W. Stacker, of Ashland county; Amos B., who became the husband of Mary E. Stewart, and lives in Loudonville.

DR. AMOS B. FULLER was born in Ashland county, in 1842; studied medicine with his father, and began to practice in 1862. In 1867 he graduated from Jefferson Medical college in Philadelphia, and in 187— took the degree at Bellevue Medical college, New York. In 1868 he married Mary E. Stewart. He has, built up a large practice, and is respected by all who know him; is a member of the Methodist Episcopal church, and the father of four children, viz,: Mary M., Grace, Gertrude B., and Stewart E.

JOHN SCHAUWEKER came from Strasburgh on the Rhine, and settled in Loudonville in 1855. He was a tanner by trade, and carried on that business in Loudonville for six years, under the firm name of John Schauweker & Son. In 1861 he bought the farm now owned by Jackson Strausbaugh, moved on it, and lived there until his death, which occurred in 1871. He was a Democrat in politics, and a member of the German Lutheran church. He was the father of seven children, viz.: Godfrey, who married Sarah Ullman, and lives in Loudonville; Caroline, who became the wife of Michael Ullman; and lives in Holmes county; Louisa, who became the wife of John Arts, and lives in Ashland county; William, who married Louisa Wise, and lives in Marseilles, France; Gustavus, who married Mary Long, and lives in Columbus; Frederika, who married Gotlieb Myer, and lives in Danville, Illinois; Julia, who became the wife of John Faulkhaber, and lives in Fort Wayne, Indiana.

GODFREY SCHAUWEKER was born at Strasburgh on the Rhine, in 1830, and came to America with his father in 1852. In 1855 he married Sarah Ullman and settled in Loudonville, where he has held the offices of town clerk and councilman for several years. In January, 1876, he commenced the business of banking, and is still engaged in it, besides having a tannery in Loudonville and holding a share in a tannery in Columbus, Ohio, doing business under the firm name of Schauweker & Brothers. The Schauweker family, as far back as they can be traced, were tanners. Godfrey is a member of the German Lutheran church, a Democrat in politics, and the father of seven children: William F., Julia, Mary, Edward, Frank, Herman and Frederick,

ABIATHER STOCKMAN, came from Essex county, New Jersey, and first settled in Delaware county, Ohio, and lived there seven years. He came to Ashland county in 1814, and settled in Loudonville, trading with Hatch and Eddy for the American house which he kept 'twelve years, when his son John took possession of it. Mr. Stockman was a member of the Dunkard church, a Democrat, and the father of nine children, five of whom are living, viz: John, who married Mary A. Campbell, and resides in Loudonville; Hiram, who married Mazey Barrow, and lives in Ashland county; Marritt, who lives in California; Harvey, who married Minnie Leopold, and lives in Ashland county; Francis A., who became the wife of Jerry Moster, and lives in California.

JOHN STOCKMAN, was born in New York city, and settled in Ashland county, in 1841. In 1855 he married Mary A. Campbell, and followed the hotel business; has held the office of councilman two terms in succession. His wife died in November, 1878, leaving one child, Allen L. Stockman.

DR. JOSEPH DEYARMON, father of Christian Deyarman, was born in Pennsylvania. At an early day, he came to Ohio, and settled in Wayne county, about five miles from Wooster; he was a doctor of the old school, and practiced medicine as long as his health would permit. He was a member and class-leader in the Methodist Episcopal church; and a Republican. In 1851 he died. But three of his eight children are living, viz: Sarah, who became the wife of Dr. Peters, and afterward the wife of Rev. J. P. Davis, and is now living in Illinois; Christian, who married Caroline E. Harris, and lives in Loudonville; and Joseph, who lives in Holmes county, Ohio.

CHRISTIAN DEYARMON was born in Halifax, Pennsylvania, in 1820, and came to Wayne county, Ohio, with his father, in 1827. In 1842 he settled in Loudonville, and in 1844 married Caroline E. Harris. By trade he was a cabinet-maker, and followed the business for eight years, when he was obliged to give it up on account of ill health. Then he began farming, and in 1857 went into partnership with Nathaniel Haskell in the grain business, and followed that five years. In politics he is Republican ; has held the office of mayor for two years, and councilman three terms. He is a member of the Methodist Episcopal church; and has raised six chip dren : Mary A., now deceased, who married Philip Keiser, and settled in Summit county, Ohio; John I)., who lives in Holmes county, Ohio; Joseph A., who lives in Ashland county; Zoe C., who became the wife of Augustine Leopold, and lives in Loudonville; Jessie E. and Kate E., who live in Ashland county.

ASA HARRIS, father of Mrs. Christian Deyarmon, came from Troy, Vermont, and settled in Loudonville in 1838. By trade he was a carpenter and joiner, and followed that business all his life. He was a member of the Congregational church, and an old-line Whig. He married Mary Houghton, of Brattleboro, Vermont, and five children were born to them: Solomon H., who married Tabitha Knights, and lives in Massachusetts; Orison W., who married Jacintha Darling, and lives in New Hampshire; William H., who married Sarah Hickox, and lives in Huron county, Ohio; Mary A., who became the wife of John Legget, and lives in Fulton county, Ohio; Caroline E., who became the wife of Christian Deyarmon, and lives in Loudonville.

THOMAS GAINES, father of John Gaines, was born in eatern Virginia, in 1811, and came to Ohio in 1833. He settled in Knox county, near Danville, and married Susannah Buckholder, of Virginia. In politics he is a Democrat; and has been a member of the Christian church for the last forty years. He is the father of eight children, viz.: Jacob B., who married Leah Elgenfritz, and lives in Knox county; John C., who married Elizabeth Robinson, and lives in Loudonville; Sarah H., wife of H. Workman, who lives in Knox county; Josie H., wife of H. H. Greer, who lives in Knox county; Mary E,,

HISTORY OF ASHLAND COUNTY, OHIO - 293

wife of Dr. A. J. Hyatt; Robert S., who married Bell Baker; Louisa, who married Harmon White; Thomas, who married Ellen Bradfield, all living in Knox county, Ohio.

JOHN C. GAINES, son of Thomas Gaines, was born in Knox county, Ohio, in 1835, and married Elizabeth Robinson in 1857. They settled in Ashland county in 1869. In June, 1876, he was admitted to the bar in Ashland, and began the practice of law in Loudonville the same year. He was elected to the office of justice of the peace in 1874, and again elected in 1877. He is the only Republican who ever held that office in Loudonville. He is the father of four children, viz.: Irena, Loren A., Walter S., and Clara L., deceased.

WILLIAM REED, SR., was born in Washington county, Pennsylvania, came to Ashland county in 1829, and settled on the farm now owned by Frederick Frank, For sixteen years he held the office of justice of the peace in Loudonville, and was a Jacksonian Democrat. At the organization of the Republican party he became a Republican and remained one until his death. He was a consistent member of the Presbyterian church in Perrysville. He married Rosanna Lyle, of Washington county, Pennsylvania, and six children were born to them, viz.: James O., who married Nellie Allison, and lives in Louisiana; Sarah J., who lives in Loudonville; Joseph R., who married Jeanette Dinsmore; Elizabeth, wife of D. A. Newell, who lives in Mercer county, Pennsylvania; William R., who married Rebecca Robinson, and Rose, all living in Ashland county.

WILLIAM R. REED, JR., was born in Ashland county, in 1846, and in 1870 married Rebecca Robinson, In 1874 he began business in Loudonville as a hardware, merchant in company with Joseph H. Hartupee. He is a Republican and the father of five children: Ralph, Edgar, Marion, Annie, and an infant daughter.

JEREMIAH SANBORN was born in Chichester, New Hampshire, in 1795; and came to Ohio, in July, 1837, and settled in Loudonville. By trade he was a carpenter and joiner. He was a member of the Swedenborgian church, and in politics was an old line Whig, He married Clarissa Smith, and died on September 14, 1846. His wife survived him and died in 1866. To them four children were born, viz.: Gilman S., and Jeremiah L., who are living in Colorado; Joseph H,, who married Clara Smith, and lives in Loudonville, and Charles H., living in Nevada.

JOSEPH SANBORN was born in New Hampshire and came to Ohio with his father in 1837. In 1864 he married Clara Smith, and for some time made clerking his business. He was in the employ of N. Haskell, afterwards with Taylor & Larwille, of Loudonville. He has been ticket agent in Loudonville for the Pittsburgh, Ft. Wayne & Chicago railroad for the last twenty-two years, and has held the office of toll n clerk for two terms. He is a consistent member of the Presbyterian church, an exemplary man, honored and respected by all. In politics he is a Republican. He has had four children: Haven L., Mary A., Clarissa L. (deceased), and Gilman S. -

PHILIP J. BLACK was born in Allegheny county, Pennsylvania, and came to Ohio in 1832, and settled on the farm now owned by his father; was apprenticed to a baker in Tiffin, and at the close of his apprenticeship, in the spring of 1851, opened the first bakery in Loudonville, in the building now owned by Michael Derrenberger, jr. Eight years he followed the business, and at the end of that time sold out to S. W. and J. Black, and commenced the manufacture of dulcimers the only establishment of the kind in Ohio. On the breaking out of the Rebellion, he closed out his business and opened a grocery at Shreve, where he remained two years. Then he opened a grocery and bakery in company with J. F. Redd, and, at the close of three years, sold out to Mr. Redd and went into the produce business, which he is still engaged in. The first year's business amounted to nine thousand dollars, and in eight years had increased to eighty-five thousand dollars. He is a member of the Methodist Episcopal church, and a Republican in politics; has held the office of councilman and mayor. In 1852, he married Margaret Reinhardt, and to them three children have been born: Josephine, Mary A., and Minnie A.

DANIEL SIGLER was born in Mifflin county, Pennsylvania ; came to Ohio in 1833 and settled on the farm now owned by Jacob Speidel, in Green township, Ashland county. By occupation he is a farmer; in politics, a Republican; and is a member of the Presbyterian church. Mr. Sigler married Elizabeth Mathews, who died January 2, 1856; he died September 30, 1865. Four of his seven children are living, viz : Clarissa, who became the wife of William Hannawalt, and lives in Wisconsin; Edward, who married Sarah Campbell, and lives in Loudonville; Isaiah, who married Elleithier Campbell, and lives in Ashland ; Sarah A., wife of John Much, living in Williams county, Ohio.

EDWARD SIGLER was born in Pennsylvania in 1823; came to Ohio with his father and settled on the farm with him. By occupation he is a farmer. In 1848 he married Sarah Campbell, and is the father of four children : Margaret, wife of Randolph Barron, who lives in Ashland county; Clementine and Ida, deceased; and Sherman, born June 13, 1864.

JAMES REDD, father of J. F. Redd, was born in Pennsylvania, came to Ohio at an early day, and married Lydia Nettles, of Wayne county. By trade he was a carpenter, and in politics was an old-line Whig. He died in 1840, leaving but one child, a son, John F. Redd, who was born in Wayne county, in 1836, came to Ashland county in 1840, and lived there with George Ream for three years; then went to Holmes county and staved three years, when he returned to Ashland county and stayed until he was eighteen years old. He then settled in Loudonville, and learned harness-making of J. T. Henderson ; worked at the trade thirteen years, and, at the end of that time, went into business for himself, and worked three years more. In 1867 he bought the grocery store of P. J. Black, and has continued in that business up to the present time. He is a member of the Methodist Episcopal church. In 1858 he married

294 - HISTORY OF ASHLAND COUNTY, OHIO.

Louisa Reinhardt. Two children were born to them— Charles M. and Cora B.

JACOB REINHARDT was born in Ellsos, France, in 1799, came to America in 1833, and first settled in Green township, on the farm now owned by Calvin Pell. By trade he was a carpenter, but, after coming to Ohio, was engaged in farming ; was a member of the German Lutheran church. In 1822 he married Catharine Millhime, who died December 5, 1877. Mr. Reinhardt was the father of six children, viz.: John J., who married Alethea Wolf, and lives in Mt. Gilead, Morrow county, Ohio ; Catharine, who became the wife of George Feit, and lives in Wayne county, Ohio; Margaret, wife of Philip Black, who lives in Loudonville; George, who married Sarah Hunter, and lives in Green township; Mary, wife of Peter Wygait, of Loudonville; Louisa, wife of J. F. Redd, of Loudonville.

CLAUDE PETOT was born in Venare, France, in 1827, came to America in 1854, and first settled in Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, where he remained three years. In 1857 he removed to Loudonville, Ohio, where he has since been engaged in the boot and shoe business, having learned the shoemaker's trade in France. Twenty years ago he commenced to deal in ready-made boots and shoes. In 1852, in the city of Paris, he married Catharine Speack. He is a member of the English Lutheran church; in politics is a Democrat; holds the office of councilman, has been township trustee for two terms, and is also a member of the school board. He is the father of six children, viz.: Alfred, who married Mary Selix, and lives in Loudonville; Josephine, wife of Henry Stentz, of Loudonville; Mary L., Frank M., Lizzie, and Charles E.

N. H. BAILEY was born in Orange county, New Jersey, in 1823, and married Henrietta Meade in 1846. They came to Ohio in 1863, and in 1865 settled in Ashland county. At one time he lived in Crestline, Ohio, and while there had charge of the office of the Pittsburgh, Fort Wayne & Chicago railroad. In politics he is a Republican. He is an elder in the Presbyterian church, and the father of two children, both deceased, viz : Georgiana and Ida V.

WILLIAM MCCRARY was born in Ireland, and came to America in 1815. He settled in Ashland county in 1847. He was a farmer and stock raiser, and was a member of the Disciple church. In politics he was a Democrat. He was the father of eight children, all living except one: William, who married Margaret Gibbs, and lives in Ashland county; Thomas Y., who married Mary E. Barnhill, and lives in Ashland county; Grace A., wife of Martin 1'. Fast; and John T., who married Minerva Craft—both are living in Ashland county; Henry L., who married Enrietta V. Shaw, and lives in Loudonville; Lewis J., who married Almyra Fast, and lives in Ruggles; Joseph A., who married Miss Gates, and lives in New York city,

HENRY L. MCCRARY, son of William McCrary, was born in Washington county, Pennsylvania, in 1845, and came to Ohio with his father. He studied law with T. Y. McCrary, of Wooster, Ohio, and was admitted to the bar July 6, 1866, and began the practice of law the same year, in Wooster, with his brother. He remained there four years, going from there to Ashland, where he stayed two years. At the end of that time he settled in Loudonville, and was elected town clerk in 1874. He held the office of councilman one year, and in 1880 was elected mayor. He once run for State senator, but was defeated. In politics he is a Democrat. In 1869 he married Enrietta V. Shaw, and four children have been born to them, viz: Benjamin W., Maud M., Henry A,, and Charter 0.

P. A. REINHARD, was born in Neidernbergh, Bavaria, Germany, in 1827; came to Ohio with his father in 1832 and settled in Columbus, where he learned the trade of gun-smith with Cornelius Jacobs, and began that business in Columbus in 1872, following the same for seven years. In 1849 he came to Loudonville, and there opened a shop for the manufacture of target rifles, the first and only establishment of the kind in the county, and in order to perfect his trade and gain accuracy in making target guns, in 1856 he closed his place of business and went to Rochester, New York, and served an apprenticeship with William Billinghurst, the celebrated gun-maker of the world. At the close of his apprenticeship he returned to Loudonville, where he again commenced business, and proved to his patrons that his rifles, with the Billinghurst improvement, were the best. His guns have been tested at the following ranges and carried off first money: At South Vernon, Vermont; at the National shoot, when twenty-eight States were represented; at Dayton, in 1877, he won the first prize, together with seventy-five dollars in gold; at Fort Wayne, Indiana, in the same year, he won the first prize and fifty dollars in gold; at Tiffin, Ohio, in 1878, he won a lady's gold watch and three twenty dollar gold pieces, and in the same year at Warren, Ohio, in company with L. W, Rodgers, of Tiffin, Ohio, won over one hundred dollars in gold. At a private match with John W. Adams, of West Virginia, for one hundred dollars, he won the money; shot forty rods, ten shots, string measure, measured from center to center; Reinhard's string measured eleven and one-fourth inches. At the National shoot, forty rods, ten shots, string measure, from center to center, Reinhard's string measured ten and one-fourth inches. At another, in Wheeling, West Virginia, with John W. Johnson, he won one hundred dollars. In 1849 he married Catharine Clee, who was born in Minster Meiseldt, Prussia, in 1827; came to America with her father in 1840, and settled in Delaware county, Ohio. P. A. Reinhard was the father of eight children, only five of whom are living, viz: Josephine C., Martha A,, William H., Mary T,, and Frank A.

JOHN LEE BURWELL'S ancestors came from England as early as 1639 and were descendants of a royal family. They first settled in what was then called New England, and were the first pioneers of America. They took an active part in the organization of the government of New England, and were faithful subjects to their mother country until the days of the Revolution, when they with one accord severed thei1 ties with King

HISTORY OF ASHLAND COUNTY, OHIO - 295

George and took up arms for the defence of the land of their adoption. They withstood the trials and privations of the Revolution, and in the war of 1812 they were among the first to answer to the call of the President for troops. Their voices have been heard in the halls of Congress and in several State legislatures, also many minor offices, the mention of which would only take up space in this work. Suffice it to say, that they have been an exemplary family, not one of the name ever bringing disgrace upon it. William Burwell, father of John Lee Burwell, was born in Hunterdon county, New Jersey, in 1780, and came to Ohio and settled in Ashland county, on the farm now owned by A. J. Mumper, jr.. In 1817 he married Elizabeth Weldy, daughter of George Thomas. On March I 2, 1868, he died. He was the father of five children: Jacob, John Lee; Hannah, Lydia and Elizabeth Miller. John Lee Burwell was born in Hanover township, Richland county, March 23, 1820. In 1843 he married Louisa Greenlee, who died in 1866. In 1867 he married Clarinda Kemp. By trade he was a blacksmith, and served an apprenticeship with Mayor R. P. Fulkerson, and followed the business until 1868, when he began the business he is now engaged in, viz., a dealer in millinery and fancy goods, under the firm name of Mr. and Mrs. J. L. Burwell. He is a consistent member of the regular Baptist church, a Republican in politics, and the father of six children, three living and three dead, viz.: Herbert, who married Emma Kellog, John L. and Wilham G., living; Minor S., Mack and George W., deceased.

JOHN STRONG was born in Onondaga county, New York, in 1814; came to Ohio in 1825, and settled in Loudonville, and in 1835 married Catharine A. Danner. He was the frrst clerk of Loudonville, and held the office of constable two years, and in 1865 was mayor of the village. In 1861 he was appointed postmaster by Abraham Lincoln, and has held the office ever since, with the exception of four months and a half, when it was held by George Honeybarger, who was appointed by Andrew Johnson. In politics he is a Republican. He was the father of twelve children, of whom ten are living, viz.: Selah, who married Cynthia Bishop and lives in Loudonville; Henry, who married M. E. Doty; Elmina, wife of A. C. Moore, of Mt. Vernon, Ohio; James, who married Annie E. Critchfield and lives in Richland county; Louisa, wife of J. S. Ramsey of Chicago, Illinois; Rhoda, wife of William Geiselman, of Loudonville; Mary E., wife of W. A. Churchfield, of Loudonville; John E., who married Margaret Rosensteel, of Loudonville; Harvey, and Anna. Martha and Laura died in infancy.

GEORGE C. HASKELL was born in the State of Vermont in 1836; came to Ohio in 1870 and settled in Loudonville, and went into the bank with his uncle, Nathaniel Haskell, where he continued until his death, which occurred January 15, 1876. He was a member of the Universalist church, and in politics was a Republican. In 1871 he married Lucy E. Hayes, of Holmes county, Ohio, and -to them two children were born—Charles C., who died, and Mary I.

JOHN G. HERZOG was born in Buffalo, New York, in 1854; came to Ohio and settled in Loudonville in 1878. He served an apprenticeship in a printing office with Silas Folsom in the Attica, New York, Atlas office, when only fourteen years old, and afterwards worked in the Attica News office with C. F. Malloy; he also worked in the Buffalo News office. When only twenty-one years old was elected to the office of sealer of weights and measures in Attica, New York, and held that office two years, and was publisher of the first directory of Attica. In February, 1879, he started the first political paper in Loudonville, with a circulation of over nine hundred subscribers. At present he is a member of the school board, and a member of the German Lutheran church; in politics is a Democrat. He married Maggie Lorentz of Loudonville, August 27, 1874, and to them three children have been born, viz.: Cora C., William G., and Walter C.

SAMUEL HESS was born in Bucks county, Pennsylvania, in 1817, and came to Ohio in 1837; settled in Ashland county in 1839. He was a cooper by trade, and carried on that business for some time. In 1869 he began the grocery and provision business and in 1879 took W. C. Hamlin as partner, and is doing a thriving business, their sales amounting to about twenty thousand dollars per annum. He is a member of the English Lutheran church, and in politics is a Republican, He married Parmelia Johns of Ashland, Ohio, and is the father of eight children, viz.: Christopher C., who was taken prisoner at Chickamauga, and died in Andersonville prison; Mary J., wife of John H. Cutle, Alliance, Ohio; William H., who is deceased; Sarah E., wife of Jonathan Nebil of Loudonville; Samuel E., who married Miss Travirs, and lives in Mansfield; Jonathan E., who died; George A., who married Martha Honeybarger; Olive E,, who married William C, Hamlin.

SIMON BOLLY was born in Beriniger, Switzerland, in 1827, and came to America in 1851. He remained in New York one year and a half, and in Pennsylvania one year; and came to Loudonville in 1853, and began working on the railroad and worked there one year and a half; at the end of that time he began work in Jefferson Bull's foundry and worked there seven years, and then went into partnership with Joseph Lyons in the foundry business. At the end of two years and a half he sold out and opened a grocery and restaurant, and continues in that business. He has held the office of township clerk two terms, and was at one time township treasurer and is now one of the councilmen. In 1854 he married Mary Young of Holmes county, Ohio, and is the father of seven children; Mary, who married Ezra Swier of Loudonville; Maggie, Josephine, Amanda, Julia A., Elizabeth, and Emil.

JACOB BRECKEISER, SR., was born in Ellsos, France, and came to America in 1853, and settled in Ashland county, on the farm he now lives upon, situated about one mile north of Loudonville. In politics he is a Democrat; and is a member of the German Lutheran church. In Ellsos, France, he married Mary Wolf, and to them seven children were born, five of whom are living: Mary, who became the wife of George Lugend, and lives in

296 - HISTORY OF ASHLAND COUNTY, OHIO.

Ashland county; Margaret, who married Jacob Breckeiser, of Ashland county; Jacob, who married Barbara Pfiester, and lives in Ashland county; and John and George.

JACOB BRECKEISER, JR,, born in France in 1847, came to Ohio with his father and settled in Ashland county. In 1869 he married Barbara Pfiester, of Knox county, Ohio, and in 1873 erected the building in which he now carries on the grocery and provision business; he deals extensively in country produce. At present he is a member of the German Lutheran church, and is the father of five children: Mary E., Jacob E., Emma L., George F. and Charles.

ALEXANDER AKINS came from Lancaster county, Pennsylvania, in 1811, and first settled in Belmont county, Ohio, where he remained two years and a half. In 1814 he moved to Lake township, Ashland county, then a part of Wayne county, and settled on the farm now owned by Jacob Eckey and Jacob Horn. Mr. Akins married Elizabeth Sloam, and was the father of four children, but two of whom are living: Emer, who married Druselda Metcalf; and Alexander, who married Christina Shipp.

ALEXANDER AKINS, JR., was born in Lancaster county, Pennsylvania, in 1808; came with his father and settled in Ashland county, and married Christina Shipp; and is engaged in farming. In politics he is a Democrat. Three of his five children died in infancy; the other two are : William, who married Sarah Miller, and in 1847 went to Indiana; Albert, who married Sarah Shumaker in 1867, and lives in Loudonville.

PETER HIGH STAUFFER was born in Berks county, Pennsylvania; and in 1875, at Milford, Berks county, Pennsylvania, he opened a printing office and began the publication of a paper called Our Home Friend, which he published there two years, and one year at Quakertown, in connection with a job office, In 1878 he came to Loudonville and purchased the Advocate office, and began the publication of the Loudonville Advocate, in connection with Our Home Friend, the latter having a circulation of nine thousand and the former nine hundred. In 1875 he married Augusta, daughter of Jacob Miller, of Vermillion township. Mr, Stauffer is a member of the Mennonite church, and is the father of two children: Gilman and Clara.

C. L. BUCKWALTER was born West Lebanon, Wayne county, Ohio, in 1845, and studied medicine with Drs. Fuller and Wirt. In 1872 he graduated from the Medical Department of the University of Wooster, in Cleveland, Ohio, and, in the same year, began the practice of medicine in New Washington, Crawford county, Ohio, where he remained six years. In 1878 he gave up the practice of medicine and engaged in dentistry, having studied with Dr. 0. Buckwalter, of Millersburgh, Ohio. In 1879 he opened an office in Loudonville, where he deals in all the modern improvements, and is steadily building up a large practice. In 1874 he married Maggie H. Stewart, daughter of Judge George H. Stewart, of Loudonville, and is the father of two children, viz: Xenophon 0. and Ware J.

HENRY GILBERT was born in Cornwall county, England, in 1825, came to America in 1843, and first settled in Coshocton c0unty, Ohio, where he served an apprenticeship with Jacob Wagner, cabinet-maker; came to Loudonville in June, 1849, and opened a furniture store on Spring street, where he still remains. Mr. Gilbert has been elected councilman, and member of the school board, for several terms, and is a member of the Baptist church. In 1851 he married Elizabeth Sprague, and is the father of ten children, of whom nine are living, viz.: Henry, who married Hattie Scott, of Loudonville, John F,, William J,, Clement G., Thomas B., Lew H., George, Jesse, and Joseph N,

JAMES P. BARRON was born in Center county, Pennsylvania, in 1835, and settled in Ashland county in 1859. He attended the Vermillion institute, in Hayesville, four years, and went from there to Jefferson college, Pennsylvania, where he graduated in 1864, after which he taught in Canaan academy, Wayne county, Ohio, and, afterwards, in Buckhannon, West Virginia, and while there organized the first union school in that place, of which he was superintendent for three years. He first married Libbie Mullins, of Buckhannon, who died in 1869. In 1869 he was admitted to the bar at Harrisonville, Missouri, and practiced in Pleasant Hill, Missouri, nine years. Mr. Barron came to Loudonville in 1878, where he is building up a good practice. In 1870 he married Mary A., daughter of Thomas H. Galloway, and is the father of one child Francis J.

MICHAEL DERRENBERGER, was born in Holmes county, Ohio, in 1847, and settled in Loudonville in 1872, where he bought a half interest in a restaurant with Simon Bolly, and remained three years. At the end of that time he sold his share to Bolly and formed a partnership with J. H. Burris in the same business. At the end of a year he sold to Burris, and at the end of another year he bought out Burris, and is still en-. gaged in the business of keeping a restaurant. He is a member of the German Lutheran church. In 1874 he married Lizzie Ullman, of Loudonville.

JOHN C. LARWILL, was born in Wooster, Wayne county, Ohio, in 1824. He first settled in Loudonville April 1, 1846, and engaged in milling. At the end of three years he sold to A. A. Taylor, and on the thirteenth day of April, 1848, bought out Nathaniel Haskell's stock of dry goods in partnership with A. A. Taylor, with whom he continued in business twelve years, when he bought A. A. Taylor's share and continued in business alone five years. He then took W. S. Fisher into partnership, and continued that partnership fifteen years, when the partnership was dissolved and J. C. Larwill has since continued the business alone. He is a dealer in dry goods and groceries, and has the largest and best selected stock of goods in Loudonville. When he began he had comparatively nothing, but by honesty and fair dealing has built up the largest trade of any merchant in the town, if not in the county, his sales averaging about fifty thousand dollars per year. In 1856 he married Norma Workman, who died in 1869. In 1876 he married Susan L. Moore, of Newark, Ohio,

HISTORY OF ASHLAND COUNTY, OHIO - 297

and is now the father of one child, viz: Arthur Larwill.

SAMUEL GARRET, the father of William Garret, was born in New Jersey in 1782, and came to Ashland county, Ohio, in 1822. He first settled on the farm now owned by his son, William Garret, and was a manufacturer of woollen goods. In 1830 he erected a factory on the Black fork, and continued in the business until his death, which occurred in 1868. His factory was the first woollen factory in the county. He also built a sawmill on the farm now owned by the Yarnell heirs. He married Catharine Vaness in New Jersey, and was the father of two children, viz: Catharine, who lives in New Jersey, and William.

WILLIAM GARRET was born in New Jersey in 1810, came to Ashland county in 1836, and settled on the farm which he now owns. He is a blacksmith by trade, but since he came to Ohio, has been engaged in farming and in the lumber business. He is vice-president of the Loudonville Banking company, and has held the office of justice of the peace nine years; has been trustee and clerk of the township, and is highly respected. He married Dense Jennings, of New Jersey, and is the father of six children, two dead and four living, viz: Jane, wife of Daniel C. Priest, afterwards of Washington Hyatt, of Knox county; Charlotte, wife of Dr. Scott, of Loudonville; Sophia, wife of J. M. Myhart, who lives in Knox county, Ohio; Anna, wife of James Ross, of Knox county; and Virginia and William, deceased.

CHARLES OPENHEIMER was born in Steinbach, Germany, and came to America in 1852, and settled in Cincinnati, Ohio, where he remained six years, when he came to Loudonville and opened a clothing store, bringing his stock of goods from Cincinnati. In 1873 his building was destroyed by fire, but he saved his stock, and in the same year erected the fine brick building which he now occupies. In politics he is a Democrat. In 1868 he married Carrie Hirsch, and is the father of five children, viz: Jennie, Blanche, Isadore, Emanuel and Elias.

WILLIAM BARRON was born in Muskingum county, Ohio, in 1817. When eighteen years of age he went to Knox. county, Ohio, and in 1863 went to Ashland county, Ohio, and settled on a farm near Loudonville, which he now owns. At present he is proprietor of the American house, in Loudonville, Ohio, having bought out John Stockman in 1878. He is a member of the Wesleyan Methodist church, and is a Republican in politics. In 1844 he married Mary A. Hall and seven, children have been born to them, viz.: James, who was killed at the battle of Chickamauga in 1863; Randolph, who married Margaret Sigler; Libbie, wife of Herman Bauscher; Ella, Carrie and William.

NATHAN W. SMITH was born in Wayne county, Ohio, in 1835, and came to Ashland county in 1856 with his father, who settled on the farm now owned by John Richey, in Vermillion township. In 1866 he married Maggie E. Lair, of Wilmington, Clinton county, Ohio. He learned photography in Wooster, Ohio, with Walter Jones, and has since been located in Hayesville, Monroeville, Fostoria and Upper Sandusky, and is now located in Loudonville. In politics he is a Republican, and is the father of three children, viz,: Lulu, Olive and Mildred.

HUGH SCOTT was born in Pennsylvania in 1785; came to Ohio in 1827, and settled near Steubenville, where he died May 22, 1827. In 1807 he married Catharine Humphries. In the year of his death she removed to Ashland county, and settled on the farm now owned by William Humphrey, in Green township. In the following spring she moved into Vermillion township on the farm now owned by O. H. Scott. She died while on a visit to her old home in Mifflin county, Pennsylvania, November 21, 1854. Mr. Scott was the father of eight children, of whom Thomas, Jane, James, Francis, and Winfield are dead. William married Margaret Sigler, and lives in Ada, Hardin county, Ohio. Oliver H. married Eliza J. Tawney, and lives in Vermillion township.

ANDREW J. SCOTT, the subject of this sketch, was born in Ashland county in 1827; attended school at the Ashland academy while Loren Andrews was proprietor, and also at Vermillion institute at Hayesville, under Lewis Granger, Rev. McClain, Rev. W. W. Colmery, and others. For two years he taught in the Loudonville academy, and studied medicine with E. B. Fuller and is also a graduate of Buffalo university. He is a doctor of the old school, and has the largest practice of any physician in Loudonville; has held the office of mayor of Loudonville for several years, and was at one time a member of the school board, and has always taken a deep interest in educational matters. In 1852 he married Miss S. M. Fuller, who died in 1854. In 1856 he married Anna Fuller, who died in 1864. Then, in 1867, he married Charlotte Garret. In politics he is a Democrat. He is the father of four children, viz.: L. Content, Charles B., S. Hattie, wife of Henry W. Gilbert, of Loudonville, and Idella A.

DANIEL GEISELMAN was born in Stark county, Ohio, in 1846; came to Loudonville in 1868, and in 1876 married Alice Webster, of Mohican township, Ashland county, Ohio. By trade he is a harness-maker, and carries on the largest line of that busines in Loudonville. He is also proprietor of the most extensive livery stable in Loudonville. In politics he is a Democrat.

WILLIAM H. WIRT was born in Summit county, Ohio, in 1841, attended college in Hillsdale, Michigan, two years, and then began the study of medicine with Drs. Fuller and Scott, in Loudonville, Ohio, where he remained three years. In the spring of 1869 he graduated at Rush's Medical college, Chicago, Illinois, and the same year began the practice of medicine in Dundee, Tuscarawas county, Ohio, where he remained one year, when he returned to Loudonville and formed a partnership with Dr. A. B. Fuller, with whom he remained in partnership five years. In 1875 he dissolved partnership, and continued in business alone until the fall of 1879, when he took Dr. O. W, Schwan into partnership, and is now practicing medicine under the firm name of Drs. Wirt & Schwan. He is a physician of the regular school, and has built up a large practice. In 1872 he was elected member of the school board, and has been re elected

298 - HISTORY OF ASHLAND COUNTY, OHIO.

every term since, and has held the offices of president and clerk of the board; was also chief of the fire department for one year. In 1879 he received the nomination of representative on the Republican ticket, but, owing to the large majority on the other side, was defeated, but greatly reduced that majority. He is a member of the Methodist Episcopal church, and contributes largely to its support. Mr. Wirt is a man who has gained the esteem and confidence of the community, and is honored and respected by all who know him. In 1869 he married Clementine L. Smith, of Loudonville, and is the father of two children—William G.; and Rush, who died when about four months old.

GEORGE H. STEWART, was born in Alexandria, Huntingdon county, Pennsylvania, October 9, 1809. When a boy in his teens he went to Amagh, Pennsylvania, and clerked in a store two years, during the time of making the Pennsylvania canal and Portage railroad over the Alleghany mountain. From there he went to clerk at Junction Forge, and got a contract on the canal on the Juniatta, but gave up canaling and went to Pittsburgh, where he got a position as book-keeper in a wholesale store at a salary of five hundred dollars per year, then considered a large salary. In 1832 his salary was raised to six hundred dollars per year, then among the highest in the city. In the summer of 1833 he bought a stock of goods and started west to find a location to sell them; tried to get a house to put the goods in, but there was none to be had, except Stuart's bar-room at the Phoenix hotel, then considered too far out of the business part of town, so he hired a horse of Stuart at twenty-five cents per day to come to Loudonville, then in Richland county, a small village with about one hundred inhabitants, He commenced the mercantile business in August, 1833, at a time when the people were talking about building a canal up the White-woman and Mohican. Stewart, having had experience in canaling, took an active part in procuring a law for a State canal to Loudonville, and the law was passed while General William McLaughlin, of Mansfield, was our State senator, and it was through his untiring labor in the legislature that the bill was passed and the canal was located to Loudonville, and advertised for letting, but before it was commenced the legislature abolished all State works not commenced, and they failed to get a canal. In 1835-36, when the question of organizing Ashland county was agitated, he took an active part in bringing it about, and was sent to Columbus several times to lobby fo1 the undertaking, spending his time and paying his own expenses. In 1845-6 his efforts were rewarded, and in 1845 he was appointed associate judge for Ashland county, which office he held seven years. From 1846 to 1850 he took an active part in the construction of the Pittsburgh, Fort Wayne & Chicago railroad, for which he secured the right of way through Holmes, Ashland, and a part of Wayne and Richland counties, and in 1851 purchased a tract of land of David Foltz in Wayne county, and laid out what is now called Shreve, a station on the railroad above mentioned. He was employed by the railroad company as station-agent for ten years. He has been township trustee and treasurer of Hanover township at various times, and has also held the office of councilman in Loudonville. In politics he is a Republican. In 1837 he married Emeline Cappels, of Loudonville, and is the father of eight children, viz: Charlotte A., who lives in Loudonville; Eliza T,, wife of Amos Culver, in Dacotah Territory; Mary E., wife of Dr. Fuller, of Loudonville; Satira and James, deceased; George, who married Katie Cassel, and lives in Zanesville; Xenophon C., who lives in New York city; and Margaret H,, wife of Dr. Buckwalter, of , Loudonville.

CALEB CAPPELS was born in Vermont, and came to Ashland county in 1814, and settled near Loudonville, on the farm now owned by Thomas Whitney, where he built the first frame barn that was erected in Green township. He was a carpenter and joiner by trade, but after he came to Ohio he engaged in farming. In politics he was an old-line Whig. In 1834 he died. He was the father of six children, all now deceased except Emeline, wife of George H. Stewart of Loudonville.

DANIEL HONEBARGER was born in Bavaria, Germany, in 1793, and married Catharine Baum, of Bavaria, and in 1836 came to America and settled in Stark county,. Ohio, where he engaged in farming. He was a member of the German Reformed church, and died in 1839. In 1871 his wife died in Indiana, at the age of seventy- nine years. He was the father of six children, four of whom are still living: Elizabeth, who married George Wiselogal, of Michigan; Harriett, who married Adam Kremick, and lives in Michigan; Catharine, who married George Gache and lives in Fulton county, Ohio, and George, who married Ann Goodman.

GEORGE HON EBARGER was born in Bavaria, Germany, in 1828, and came to America with his father and settled in Stark county, Ohio, where he remained two years, and then went to Wooster, where he remained one year, and in the spring of 1841 came to Ashland county. and settled in Loudonville. By trade he is a painter, but, owing to ill health, he was obliged to give up his trade. Then he clerked in a dry goods store for Adam Kunrick six years, after which he engaged as clerk in a grocery store for John Sheet. In 1852 he married Ann Goodman, of Loudonville. He has been treasurer of Hanover township thirteen years, and also treasurer of Loudonville village for several years; township assessor four years; also councilman four years, and member of the school board. He is a member of the German Reformed church, and in politics is a Democrat. He is the father of seven children: Emeline, wife of Lyman Parish, of Loudonville; Charles, living in Michigan; Harvey, who married Lillie Marietta, of Loudonville; Martha, wife of George Hess, of Loudonville; Franklin, Luella and Joseph.

MICHAEL CROWNER was born in Bucks county, Virginia, in 1798; came to Ohio in 180 and settled in Belmont county; but in 1828 moved to Richland county, Ohio. He was a farmer; and held the office of trustee of his township for many years. In establishing the schools he took an active part, and was deeply inter-

HISTORY OF ASHLAND COUNTY, OHIO - 299

ested in all educational matters. He was a member of the Catholic church, and died in 1861. In 1821 he married Nancy Nesbit, of Pennsylvania, who still survives him; he was the father of eight children, viz: Margaret, who became the wife of James McNoll ; William, who married Catharine Vance, and afterwards married Elizabeth Baum; John, who married Elizabeth Whistler, and lives in Kansas; Rachel, wife of Jacob Lax, and afterwards wife of Mr. Ross; David, who married Elizabeth Hoover; Sarah, wife of Clemons Osfelt; Jackson, who lives in Kansas ; and Thomas, who married Nancy Vance, and lives in Kansas.

WILLIAM M. CROWNER was born in Belmont county, Ohio, in 1826, and in 1853 married Catharine Vance, who died in 1873, In 1875 he married Elizabeth Baum. In his younger days he taught school in the winter and superintended his farm in the summer; he is now wholly engaged in farming. He first settled in Ashland county in 1853, and has held the office of assessor for at least twelve years ; was superintendent of the infirmary one year, when he resigned ; was elected county commissioner in 1871, and served six years; was elected land appraiser in 1869; and also in 1879; in 1877 he was elected justice of the peace, which office he now holds. In politics he is a Democrat ; he is the father of four children: Agnes, wife of Edward Baum; Madison, Jennie and Cora.

VERMILLION TOWNSHIP.

HARRISON MCCRARY was born in Vermillion township, Ashland county, Ohio, July 3, 1840. His grandfather, John McCrary, was among the pioneers of this section of Ohio, having removed from Jefferson county, Pennsylvania about 1812, and settled on the Black fork, and soon after sold his farm there and came to Vermillion township, and purchased the tract of land where the subject of this sketch now lives, and where he was born. His father, David McCrary, was a young unmarried man at that time; and engaged in the hardships of those early times, and assisted in clearing the land. When Harrison was a small boy his fathsr died, and his mother built the house in which he now lives; she died September 30, 1876. In October, 1863, Mr. McCrary was married to Miss Elizabeth Sackett of Montgomery township, Ashland county. They have had nine children, one of whom is dead; the eight living are at home with their parents. Mr. McCrary gives his farm his whole time. It is one out of many of the farms that has been held by members of the same family for over sixty years. In politics he is a Republican, but his ticket is cast in every case, for the man who, in his judgment, is best fitted to fill the office to which he is chosen, regardless of political name. Mr. and Mrs. McCrary are members of the Presbyterian church at Hayesville, Ohio.

JAMES B. SMITH was born in Trumbull county, Ohio, November 18, 1815. When a little more than one year old, his parents moved to Ashland county and located in Vermillion township, about three miles south of Hayesville, on land entered by Mr. Smith's grandfather. This section of the country was unimproved, and they had to endure the hardships that only these hardy pioneers could. James, the subject of this sketch, grew up among these scenes, in which he took part, until he reached manhood. March 3, 1840, he married Lydia Workman, and at once emigrated to the State of Illinois, where he expected to remain ; but in the fall of the same year his father's death decided him to return to the scenes of his childhood, and, after closing up the affairs of his father, he settled down where he now resides, and determined to remain here. From that time to the present, Mr. Smith has seen the many changes that have taken place. Where the old forest trees swayed to and fro, waving fields of grain and grass now fill the heart of the owner and passer-by with thankfulness to Him who ruleth the destinies of mankind. The old log cabins, with their spacious fire-places, have gone, and in their place are beheld beautiful and convenient houses, brick and frame, and large barns filled with the abundant harvest. The ox team, and the ungainly cart with its wooden wheels, we see no more, but, in its stead, the prancing steed, in light, but durable harness, moves rapidly over a smooth road, with a four-wheel vehicle that would have been a thing of wonder to our venerable forefathers. Mrs. Smith died February 3, 1845. They had four children. One child, a daughter, and the first of the family, died at the age of two years. The others are: Lydia Amanda, who was the wife of John VanDeren, and died in March, 1874, in Kansas; Ruth Ann, wife of Dr. Cole, of Crestline, Ohio; and Stephen S., who is married and lives in Jasper county, Missouri. April 15, 1847, Mr. Smith married Martha Jane McClure. To them have been born five children, two sons and three daughters. Wilber F. died May 29, 1854. Of the remaining four, one son is married and the three daughters remain with their parents. Mr. Smith has served as justice of the peace for six years, and although a Republican since the existence of that party, he was elected to the office in a township which was strongly Democratic. Mr. and Mrs. Smith are members of the Methodist Episcopal church at Hayesville.

LAFAVETTE PAXTON was born in Vermillion township, February 21, 1849. His father, Hugh Paxton, was born in Washington county, Pennsylvania, and came to Ohio in 1819, and located in Wayne county. In 1833 he moved to Vermillion township, and purchased a tract of land, one mile west of the village of Hayesville, Ohio. Here he remained the balance of his life. He was a very industrious and energetic man. To the breaking out of the Rebellion he was a Democrat, but he at that time changed to a strong Republican, which principles he adhered to until his death, which occurred January 23, 1878. Lafayette, the subject of this sketch, is the only heir, and has charge of his invalid mother, who is a great care. September 28, 1873, he married Miss Ellen