250 - HISTORY OF ASHLAND COUNTY The Indians dragged the dying hero into the yard. where they performed their last bloody deed, the taking of his scalp. Brave, courageous soul, today we hail you! Many, many moons have waxed and waned since you and death here held the dark encounter. Seventy times have the several seasons made their circling rounds since your strong arm was raised to protect, and itself struck down ; but the memory of your unselfish life has not and shall not perish from the earth. Today we cut it on the enduring; granite, engrave it on the imperishable bronze—aye, more, it is indelibly written on the tablets of the hearts of a vast multitude of men and women whose homes and. hearthstones are on the hillsides and in the valleys of the Mohican. Friends, when the granite has crumbled into dust, when the bronze has perished by the elements, kind words, good and great deeds dull still survive So Martin Ruffner—Pioneer, Hero, Man. DR. P. H. CLARK'S ADDRESS AT THE MONUMENT Ossian says : The "memories of the past are pleasing but mournful to the soul. " Such memories are mournful because they are significant of the mausoleum or perhaps the casket in which are entombed so many buried memories of hopes of friends, of happy hours, of nearly everything we hold dear, on the other hand they are pleasing because the hand of time has thrown the. dark pall of forgetfulness over the faults of lost friends, and has preserved their virtues and good deeds, which are ever present. Now while standing around the graves of the murdered. victims of savage hate and barbarian revenge, memories of the mighty past, may well pass before our vision like the panorama with its thousand changing views, while each and all have no perspective but sorrow and gloom. Sorrow and regrets that noble, hardy and self-sacrificing pioneers, sons and daughters of toil, should have been the victims to have suffered vicarious punishment at the hands of blood-thirsty savages for the wrongs they had received from others, regrets that the Greentown Indians should have endured wrongs so deep and lasting, that they deemed nothing but white men's blood could ever be received in atonement. Regrets and sorrow that these Indians should have been torn from, their homes, marched off under guard, their town burned, their property confiscated and destroyed, sacred pledges and obligations made them wantonly violated, when they had never committed a single overt act. All this was done for fear that one might be perpetrated. Because Tecmnseh had entered into a league with the British to harass and destroy our western people, it was feared these friendly and hitherto harmless Indians might join his forces in the work of destruction; therefore they must be placed where they could be kept under strict and continued surveillance. Who ever heard of a court-martial being convoked for the trial of soldiers for the incendiary act of burning down a village when its legitimate owners, men, women and children were prisoners? Or who ever heard of an investigation being, held to even ascertain who were the guilty offenders engaged in the dastardly and cowardly act of the destruction of everything they held clear, and in wantonly violating sacred obligations? Can any one tell us who ever made restitution for these multiplied wrongs to HISTORY OF ASHLAND COUNTY - 251 the value of a cent? When the forces came to remove them they begged and plead to be allowed to remain in peace and quietude in their homes, and as an earnest of their intentions offered to surrender their guns- and other implements of Indian warfare, together with their ponies. But no ! the edict had gone forth and go they must, and for fear they might return, all must be destroyed. Seventy years ago last Sunday came the last installment of vengeance and as usual innocent parties were the unconscious victims. Look on this monument just unveiled, you will read Martin Ruffner, Frederick Zeimer, his wife and daughter Kate, killed by the Indians September 15, 1812. One cannot even read the account in the various histories given of the infamous deed without having his blood congeal with horror at the magnitude of its sanguinary atrocity. Even poor Kate, after having set the table and furnishing her murderers a meal, must have the tomahawk buried in her braun. Five days elapsed when the second installment of vengeance followed which fell like a thunderbolt on the already bowed heads of the pioneers. On the monument unveiled this morning you read: James Copus, and three soldIers, George Shipley, John Tedrick and Mr. Warnock, killed by the Indians, September 15, 1812. The first we know to have been an innocent victim, for he had been friendly with them and strenuously argued against their removal. We gave no right to suppose the others as being guilty of wrongs, and have a right to believe them innocent. If vengeance slept thereafter, it was because there was no material left, for nearly every pioneer went to the blockhouse for safety,or fled from this portion of the state; some to return in after years, others to stay away forever, let us retrospect a moment. When the first Ohio pioneer set foot upon the virgin soil of our now blessed state, they found an unbroken forest that had no metes nor bounds, vast and boundless as the ocean. We have no forests nor woods now in the state that can be found for comparison The soil had become so rich, containing as it did all the elements of a producing character, that the trees grew so large and their branches so wide spread, and in many places it was nearly dark at midday, the annual fall of leaves and the decay of fallen timber continuing for a multitude of ages, no man can even dream how long, accumulating year by year, layer after layer of material, containing all the elements essential to the production of such a monstrous growth of timber. A man could often travel for miles through these mighty forests without scarcely seeing a blade of grass, or a weed except in the swales or low grounds. All were decayed leaves under foot and mighty trees with famous branches as far as the eye could see overhead. These branches were interwoven and intertwined in endless variety and profusion. Inhabiting these forests were denizens of great variety and character. Savage beasts and still more savage and blood-thirsty men roamed through them at pleasure. Loathsome and venemous reptiles, "with sting of head and sting of tail" were under and about nearly every decayed log. The fearful quilted porcupine, and the never dying opossum had each their favorite haunts. The chattering squirrel and the sly raccoon were everywhere. The screaming panther and the sneaking wolf fought for the, mastership. The cunning fox and the perfumed polecat, each contested his rights with the wildcat and the lynx. The ponderous bear roamed at will, fearing nothing but his more savage master, the red Indian. The timid deer with its trembling fawn were the denizens of every thicket and glade. 252 - HISTORY OF ASHLAND COUNTY At times in these wonderful groves the utter silence was utterly painful Again the wildwoods resounded on every hand with the most discordant jargon of unearthly sounds ever heard by mortal ear. The screams of the panther commingled with the howls of the wolf and the shriek of the blood-chilling screech owl would wake up the slumbering echoes in these grand old forest aisles, until it would seem to mortal ears as though pandemonium were let loose, Again these aisles would seem to be alive with nature's sweetest harmonies of music wonderousl.y beautiful. The wind whispering gently through the branches and the soft rustling of the millions of leaves became enwrapped with the soul of sentiment and unconscious dreams were evolved; dreams formed of the evanescent intonations of harmony found nowhere save in the realms of peace. The tapping of the woodpecker on the deadened limb of an old tree, the sift barking of the squirrel, the solemn hoot of the owl, the hardly distinguishable drum of the partridge in the distance, the gentle hum of the wild bee, the chirp of the wood cricket, the whippoorwill's son in the distant thicket, all attuned to the whispering breeze, gave unisonant vibrations of harmony at once ravishingly sweet and beautiful. Nature's dream songs know no discordant elements From the heart throb scarcely perceptible in sound to the bellowing thunder, are but gradient ranges of the selfsame intoned elements of harmony. Such was the condition of the present vast state of Ohio, when those great moral heroes the earliest pioneers, began the work of subduing these great forests, and their denizens, whether wild beasts or the still wilder Indian. The task must be accomplished without either moral or material resources, amid dangers and privations enough to paralyze the strongest arm and blanch the ruddiest check. The Israelites murmured because they were obliged to make brick without straw, but these pioneers with all the elements of heroism as one of their chief characteristics, made no sigh. A spot must be cleared in these primeval forests that a little corn might be raised to keep the wolf from the door and to sustain life while clearing more ground. The man who has cleared an acre in our present woods with all the resources that art and the civilization of today has placed in his hands, can have but little idea of the physical labor required to clear an acre then, as his only material resources were an axe and a gun. But as soon as he has provided game meat sufficient to last a few days, then he must start to the back settlements to the mill, and pack on his back corn meal and salt to supply family necessities. In time his acre was cleared and his corn planted, birds would scratch it up and squirrels would dig it out; when replanted and watched and the corn in the milk, birds would pick it, squirrels would strip the husks and eat and waste it, the raccoon would tear it down and eat it, the wily opossum also loved it and the black bear would tear down and eat a square rod of it at a meal, so that when he harvested his corn, if he got a third part for his share he was lucky. thus far. Thus with no resources except a ready will, a stout heart. and the brawny arm, the earliest pioneer began the great work of laying the foundation, the base, the superstructure, of which is now the great state of Ohio. teming with wealth and all the resources that wealth and art can produce, is at her command. Our murdered pioneers, over whose remains we have placed these monuments, had passed that critical period when starvation had stared them in HISTORY OF ASHLAND COUNTY - 253 the face. They had their little patches of ground cleared and comfortable cabins built and were just emerging into a condition to be able to apply vigorous efforts in improving their farms, when the red handed murderers sent them to these untimely graves; it is fitting that these memorial stones should be obtained and erected, under the auspices of our Pioneer Association and Historical Society, although the means were obtained by individual effort. These granite monuments are imperishable and they will stand here notifying future generation of their object, as long as Cleopatra's needle stood in the Nile valley. In conclusion let us hope that every stranger who reads these inscriptions in the unknown future, will be able to say with us today " rest in peace." PREDICTION FULFILLED. The Rev, J. F. McGaw, in his interesting, but misleading romance of Philip Seymour, makes the following prediction, that monuments in time would he erected commemorative of Martin Ruffner, James Copus, the Zeimer family and the soldiers who had been killed on Copus hill in 1812, which has been appropriately fulfilled. The prediction was : "And future generations will mark the sacred spot where the gallant Dutchman fell. A monument will yet be erected to his menmory and posterity will visit his grave and read the history of his untimely fate," The late Dr. S. Riddle, secretary of the Ashland County Pioneer Society, sometime after the meeting on Copus hill wrote interestingly of that gathering and gave a list of quite a number of those who had attended, from which we take the following: One of the most remarkable events that has occurred in the history of our country for a long time past, was the meeting on Copus hill on Friday, the 15th day of September, 1822, a memorial day, the day on which the Copus tragedy took place being just seventy years ago. The day was calm and serene. The large cincourse of people who gathered there—about six thousand—and the circumstance connected with the history of the place, made it, to me, one of the most solemn of my life; to see so many people both old and young, convened together perhaps for the first time in life, and most certainly for the last time, that all will meet again on earth, Oh! what a sad thought when so many said their last farewell to each other on that day—a day long to be remembered by all. And another strange but solemn thought that when the next seventy years shall roll around, who will be left of that vast crowd to tell the story. Alas, a few little boys and girls it may be. It was to me more like a great funeral occasion, than like a gala day. As far as I can recollect, their ages ranged from forty to ninety years. First those of Mansfield and Richland county. Dr. William Bushnell, a man of sterling worth and fine abilities, who made the remark to the writer that he did not believe that this country would, in the next thousand years to come, produce a. race of men and women, who, for intelligence, as well as muscle and nerve and strength of character, equal to our pioneer fathers and mothers. Lowry Sibbits, justice of the peace, who was the first to sign my paper in Mansfield and took an active part in its circulation, 254 - HISTORY OF ASHLAND COUNTY Mansfield H. Gilkison, the first male ehild born in Mansfield-born February 2, 1811, remark by the writer, that was on ground-hog day. A. J. Baughman, editor of the Call, with his dear old mother on his arm, she, whose maiden name was Cunningham, daughter of Captain Cunningham, who assisted ill burying the dead Copus, and the soldiers on that fearful day September 15, 1812. Henry C. Hedges, Esquire, one of the speakers of the day. John Diltz, postmaster at Independence. Reuben Evarts, of Bellville, once a hard working boy, but now a man in good circumstances, having been justice of the peace some thirty-six years, dating from 1843 to 18l9. is, an old pioneer and worthy citizen. Rev. J. A. Hail, pastor of the Mount Zion Church, delivered a short speech of welcome and prayer. Casper Snyder, who gave the first dollar towards the monument, (to the writer.) Long live Casper Snyder. Andrew Mason, an old pioneer of Ashland, now about eighty-three years of age, full of life and anecdote, and has an excellent memory. Major G. W. Urie, tall and straight as an arrow, about seventy-six years of age, who had just passed through a severe attack of spasmodic disease, in which he came very near death's door, but whose gentle and stately form and familiar face was seen by many; whose father, Solomon Urie, it was, who passed quietly down to the Copus place, and with tomahawk in hand, cut out of that door, and honeycombed logs, a handful of the redskin's bullets that had fallen short of their deadly aim. The Major says he remembers well of seeing them, as they were kept a long time in the family as relics. Benjamin Croninger, one of the committee and vice president of Mifflin township Daniel Kauffman, one of the committee and president of the Ashland County Pioneer Historical Society. Solomon Vail, one of the committee of canvassers, and one of the in managers on this occasion. Hon. E. C. Eckley of Butler, Pennsylvania, and one of Ashland county's enterprising sons. Dr. Daniel Eckley, of Ashland county, now mayor Minerva. Ohio, and brother of E. R.., brought to the stand by Thomas Bushnell, an old schoolmate. Thomas Stafford, of Hayesville, first class horseman. General Williard Slocum, one of Ashland's honored sons, and an active member of the Ashland County Pioneer Society. J. H. McCombs, Esquire, who first commenced the practice of law in Newville, Richland county, in an humble way, who passed up and down your valleys over hills, and along your streams, and died an honored citizen of Ashland and counsellor at law. A. L. Curtis, once probate judge of Ashland county and counsellor at law. Rev. P. R. Roseberry, of Ashland. delivered a fine address which was listened to with marked attention. Dr. S. Riddle, one of the committee and general superintendent. HISTORY OF ASHLAND COUNTY - 255 Dr. P. H. Clark, of Ashland, one of the speakers of the day, also secretary of the Pioneer Historical Society of Ashland county. Daniel Carter, of Ashland, eighty years old. David Carr, vice president of Montgomery township. Joseph Wasson, an old citizen of Ashland; his family all dead, he is now a lone widower, and book agent. Thomas Bushnell, of Hayesville, that most industrious of all men, one of the first judges of fruit in the state, and a lover and collector of relies and Mr. Birely and Mr. Carnahan, both good citizens and good farmers ; Sebastian Culler, a wrealthy farmer and one of the prime movers in putting up the monuments. Isaac Gates, sheriff of Ashland county, that man who was sheriff thirty years ago. and hung Charles Stiengraver, on Friday, the 30th day of January, 1852, and Horn and Gribben, on Friday. May 16, 1884. Lewis Oliver, eighty-nine years of age, whose father, Allen Oliver, was one of the pioneers in the county, and at whose house the Indians often called. It was there that Billy Dowdee, the tame Indian, traded a large buckskin for a pot of mush and mills for his hungry wife and children, who himself ate to perfect satisfaction. Mrs. Kauffman, a daughter of Leonard Croninger, one of the first settlers of Mifflin township, and wife of our venerable president, Daniel Kauffman. She is one of the excellent of the earth. Mrs. Sarah Vail is eighty-three years of age, and daughter of James Copus and the only surviving one of the family in this county, who a few days before met the writer and J. I. Borland, builder of the monuments. When approacing the place, who with faltering steps, and weeping eyes, where the cherished dead of long ago were still sleeping, said: "There drive your stake and I am satisfied." But what more can I say, for the time would fail me to tell of your Dotys, your Charles, your Cullers and your Lambrights; the Petersons, the Jones, the Vangilders, the Shambaughs, the Hossingers. the Wilsons, the Weiricks, the Kings, the Rices, the Gladdens, the Coulters, the Olivers and the Tannehills, who, it they havd he not subdued kingdoms and stopped the mouths of lions, have most certainly subdued the mighty forests and wrought righteousness; have made the wilderness and solitary places to bud and blossom as the rose, and chased the red man and the wild deer, the wolf and the bear, far, far away. And now I come to speak of him who had toiled long to see a clear historic account made out, and whose whole heart and soul was in the work, and whose greatest earthly joy would have been to have mingled in the exercises of the day' at the unveiling of the monuments on that most interesting occasion; the ever memorable day. the 13th of September, 1882. But alas, the poor man's eye is too dim to see, and his palzied tongue too feeble to utter a distinctive sound, and his physical strength too weak to perform such a task as this. Nevertheless long will his memory be cherished in the minds of the true pioneers. Soon will it be said him, ''my brother fare thee well, " Dr. George Hill. And last but not least, what shall I say of him who hath penned these 256 - HISTORY OF ASHLAND COUNTY thoughts? A kind of second Johnny Appleseed, although not barefoot like he, yet almost always on foot; not with a golden chain about his neck, but carrying with him the golden elixir of life to soothe the aching head, and calm the palpitating heart; has traveled up and. down your valleys, along your beautiful streams, and over your rugged hills, lo, these many years. But it will soon be said of him, that slender form which we so frequently saw, recognized, and welcomed to our firesides, and who shared our hospitalities and greeted us with a friendly how-do-you-do, will soon be seen by us no more. DR. S. RIDDLE, Historian. Ashland County Pioneer Society A. J. Baughman, of Mansfield, introduced a resolution tendering the thanks of the people of Ashland and Richland counties to Dr. Riddle, the organizer of the monument movement and the rest of the committee who had so faithfully and successfully carried into effect the resolution of the Ashland Pioneer Association to erect the Copus and Ruffner monuments. Adopted unanimously. SOURCES OF LOCAL KNOWLEDGE. Prof. E. O. Randall, of Columbus, and A. J. Baughman, of Mansfield represented the Ohio State Archaeological and Historical Society at the annual meeting of The American Historical Association, held in Chicago, during holiday week, 1904. Mr. Baughman was on the program for a paper on "Methods of Collecting Historical Material," which he presented at the Round Table session, held at the Chicago University. The following is a copy of the paper: The collection of material for historical purposes covering what in Ohio is called the "pioneer period" has been a difficult task. That was not an age of literature, but of work—of clearing the forests and of building homes. The pioneers made history. but they had no time to write it. A few of the first settlers may have kept chronicles and annals, but after the country was somewhat improved, the same impulse that brought them to Ohio, impelled some of them to again take their places in the line of the march of civilization to the still farther west, and while enroute, their records were lost. And when the historian came to write of the early settlements of the country, the information obtained was largely of the traditional kind, and it has been difficult often to discriminate between facts and fiction. There were state and county records, but the woof of events which the pioneers wove into the warp of time had to be sought in part outside of official records to make the web of history. To state what I consider the best method of collecting material, I take the liberty to give my own experience, prefaced with some personal history. My grandparents were pioneers of Richland county, Ohio. They settled there in 1808, the year the city of Mansfield was founded. When a boy I heard my parents narrate pioneer tales, as we sat winter evenings around the family hearth, in the warmth and glow of the log fire of our cabin home. Their stories interested me, and that interest grew with my years, and I endeavored to extend my information upon pioneer history as opportunities were afforded. But it takes years to get an adequate knowledge and an accurate history of any locality. HISTORY OF ASHLAND COUNTY - 257 I am a newspaper man and my vocation gave me opportunities to visit every part. of Richland county and adjoining territory, riot only once or twice but dozens of times during a series of years in the capacity of solicitor, reporter and special writer, and upon all such occasions I made more or less effort to become familiar, not only with the people, but with the early history, the geography, the geology, the topography and the prehistoric earthworks of the county. With the information thus gained, I began the publication of historical and biographical sketches as feature articles in the Mansfield papers, and these in turn were copied by newspapers of other towns, and gave the people opportunities to make corrections and additions, and these articles also aided in creating an interest in historical matters which had never existed before, and resulted in the formation of the Richland County Historical Society. From these sketches I prepared a history of the county, which was published in the Centennial year. To the "Fourth Estate," as Edmund Burke termed the press, I give the credit for affording me the opportunities I utilized in collecting material and for its presentation to the public in a manner open to criticism and corrections ere it was put in book form. Therefore, I consider the press the best means by and through which historical can he collected and presented to the public. The men and women who are the children and grandchildren of the pioneers of Ohio are proud of their ancestry, and while they do not laud those olden days as better than these of the present time, they form historical societies and hold family reunion to revivify the best experiences of former years into lessons that work for good in this commercial age of endless hurry and needless haste. It is in historical publications and by historical associations that the lessons of pioneer life, with its joys and its sorrows, its trials, its hardships and its achievements, can he preserved and inscribed, as they should be, on the heart-tablit of every child in the land, from generation to generation. PIONEERS AND PIONEER DAYS GONE FOREVER. The pioneer days of Ashland county are gone forever, and the last of the pioneers have been gathered home. What a grand and noble record they left behind him. It is left to the present generation to write their history, and the history of the times in which they lived, and to impress their good deeds and the nobleness of their characters upon the present and future generations as worhty of imitation and preservation. A study of the characteristics of the pioneer fathers and mothers is calculated to ennoble the mind and strengthen the hand for the battle of life. We are indebted to them for having penetrated the wilderness of Ashland county, clearing the forests and rescuing it from the savages. Let us honor them for what they endured and accomplished, preserve their memory and continue the improvements they began. 258 - HISTORY OF ASHLAND COUNTY CLOSING WORDS. In presenting to the public this history of Ashiand county, we recognized and accept the verity of Macaulay 's statement that "The history of a country is best told in a record of the lives of its people. " In conformity with this thought the portrait and biographical record of the county has been added to the general history of the same, and instead of taking wholly from musty records dry statistical matter that can be appreciated by but few, we went to the people the men and women who have by their enterprise and industry, brought Ashland county to rank second to none in the state, and from the lips of these people we obtained the story of their lives and struggles, and no more interesting nor instructing matter could be presented to an intelligent public. The portraits of some and biographical sketches of many Ashland county people will be missed from this volume, but for this, neither the editor nor the publisher of the work is to blame; Not having a proper conception of the work, good-meaning people sometimes refuse to give the information sought, and while the work has been well patronized, there are those within the county who refused to take the same unless they could get "something for nothing." In conclusion we quote: "Farewell to thee, O rugged Pioneer, And Indians, dark specters of the West The one completes his hazardous career, The other sinks on distant plains—to rest." HISTORY OF ASHLAND COUNTY - 259 ADDENDA. COMMEMORATIVE TO THE FIRST WHITE SETTLER. A company representing old-time families assembled at the site of the old Indian village of Greentown on Friday. June 25, 1909, the gathering being commemorative of Abraham Baughman, the first white settler in. the Blackfork of the Mohican valley. near Greentown. The meeting was held upon the suggestion of A. J. Baughman and his sister, Sade.E. Baughman, the only surviving grandchildren of the pioneer Abraham Baughman. The company present was thee upon the invitation of Mr. Baughman and sister and consisted of the following persons: Prof. and Mrs. J. C. Sample, Rev, and Mrs. Joshua Crawford, and two daughters, Nellie and Ninie, Dr. and Mrs. A. W. Bildd and daughter, Frances. Mr. and Mrs P. C. Cowen, Miss Lottie Eddy, all of Perrysville; Aaron Peterson and wife of Hazel Dell, and A. J. Baughman and sister and Mrs. S. M. Morgan, of Mansfield, the latter being a great-grandchild of Pioneer Ahraham Baughman. A picnic dinner was partaken of at the noon hour, after which there was a call to order, the Rev. Mr. Crawford acting as chairman, who after a. few preliminary remarks, called upon A. J. Baughman, who stated that the meeting had been planned in honor and in memory of his grandfather, the first settler in that part of the country. At the close of Mr. Baughman's remarks, Prof. Sample was called upon and gave an interesting talk along historic lines. Miss Eddy and Aaron Peterson also made appropriate remarks. Mr. Peterson said that he felt a special interest in the meeting as his grandfather, the late Colonel Solomon Gladden, had performed the ceremony uniting in marriage the parents of A. J. and Miss Sade Baughman and that he and A.J. Baughman had been Union soldiers in the same regiment in the was of the, Rebellion. Miss Eddy is the 'granddaughter of the late Hon. John Coulter, who was prominent, in his day and generation. Mr. Coulter came to Ohio in August, 1810, and stopped at the home of Pioneer Baughman until he erected a cabin of his own on land he entered near by. He, found Mr. Baughman with an with an improved farm at that early date. When Mr. Cowen was called upon, he stated that, upon anticipation of being upon for remarks, he had prepared the following paper, which he then read. Mr. Cowen is a lawyer by profession, was born in Ashland county and is well informed upon the history of the locality of which he wrote. Pioneer history of Green township in the blockhouse days, before and after the removal of the Greentown Indians; names of the families and location of thier cabins in these days in and around Perrysville. On August 12. 1812, General Hull surrendered at Detroit. On August 27, 1812, the Greentown Indians were removed by Captain Douglass to Urbana. From Mohawk hill they saw the smoke of their burning village. On September 10, 1812, Martin Ruffner and the Seymours were murdered at the Seymour cabin by the Indians. On September 15. 1812, occurred the Copus battle with the Indians. The news of Hall's surrender excited consternation in the minds of the 260 - HISTORY OF ASHLAND COUNTY frontier settlers of Ohio, as it was known to them that Tecumseh, the great chief, at the head of a powerful army of Indians. which he had organized from the various tribes in the north and southwest, redeem their lands and protect their hunting grounds from the encroachment of the settlers, had allied his forces with the British to strengthen the hope of his success. This hostile movement on the part of the Indians made the security of the pioneer and his family extremely hazardous. The small Indian villages scattered over the country from which hunting parties were constantly skulking through the forest were no less dreaded than a regular invasion by Tecumseh himself. Upon this pretext the Greentown Indians were removed and their village burned. although a difference of opinion existed among the settlers of its necessity and justness Charles Tannehill may safely be credited as the first soldier enlisted in Green township. He volunteered and enlisted for a term of forty days in a company recruited by Captain Greer. of Mt. Vernon and under the command of Major Kratzer scouted from Mt. Vernon, Knox county to New Haven, Huron county. Mr. Tannehill and four other comrades were detailed by their Major Kratrzer to go to the assistance of the settlers on the Blackfork of the Mohican. This movement was prompted by the news of the Ruffner-Seymour murder which reached them about three days after its occurrence. When Mr. Tannehill and his four comrades reached the near vicinity of the Seymour cabin on the day of the Copus battle, they met the seven remaining soldiers who had been engaged in the Copus attack, and this scene had already been reached by the command of Captain Martin of Major Krebs militia from Tuscarawas county consisting of about one hundred men, stationed at Beam's blockhouse. Mr. Tannehill and party, the seven Copus battle soldiers and Martini's company of Krebs militia camped that night near the Copus cabin. On the next morning Mr. Tannehill and four comrades passed through the desolate Greentown village to the cabint of Abraham Baughman which they found vacant, the family having fled to the Beam blockhouse. After the Ruffner-Sevmour massacre the settlers about what is now Perrysville became apprehensive of attacks from the Indians in ambush but did not retire to the blockhouse until the Copus battle intensified their fears. Abraham Baughman's family was the first family to reside in Green township. His cabin was located near the spring on what is now known as the old Richard Guthrie farm near Greentown, Richard Guthrie conducted a distillery at this spring later. At this cabin Charles Tannehill separated from his detachment to go down the Blackfork of the Mohican to his fathers (Melzar Tannehill's) cabin. On his way he overtook John Coulter and Harvey Hill driving cattle. They informed him that the settlement had become alarmed by the Copus battle and his relatives had already departed to the Lewis blockhouse and were that instant on the road in advance of them. The blockhouse was located on he Clearfork of the Mohican at a spring on what is now known as the old Robert Darling farm about three miles southwest of Perrysville. The next day after this night in the Lewis blockhouse. John Coulter accompanied by Harvey Hill, returned to his father's (Judge Coulter's) deserted cabin situated on. the Blackfork of the Mohiean near what is now the old mill clam about a half HISTORY OF ASHLAND COUNTY - 261 miles southeast of Perrysville where they were joined by the Tannehills, Crawfords and Conines. They took the roof off this cabin and added a second story which projected over the first story and provided it with port holes. Domiciled in this fortress were Thomas Coulter and family, Melzar Tannehill, Sr. and family, George Crawford and family, Jeremiah Conine, who was a Revolutionary soldier, and his family, and Harvey Hill. The first night this cabin was remodeled and occupied as a blockhouse by these people. Judge Coulter and Harvey Hill rode on horses through the forest to Wooster for soldiers. General Harrison was at this time in Wyandotte county with his army to repel Tecumseh and GeneraI Proctor. General Beall was mobilizing troops at New Lisbon, Canton and Wooster to protect blockhouses and render aid to General Harrison. General Beall began his march about September 25, 1812, ten days after the Copus battle. Judge Coulter and Harvey Hill secured a guard from the Beall volunteers under the command of Lieutenant Winteringer. In the day time these soldiers scoured the hills and valleys through the wild trails in lonesome autumn for signs of Indians and at night stood sentinel about the blockhouse. The woman and children remained constantly at the blockhouse for several months.The men went bark and forth to their respective cabins, clearing, taking care of their stock and planting corn in the spring and often the women went out with them to help. The cabins in Green township in the neighborhood of the Coulter blockhouse occupied and owned by settlers at this time were Abraham Baughman's, located near Greentown. Solomon Hill's cabin was on the farm now owned by David Hunter and stood near the house where Ed Hunter now lives, and Moses Adsit, his son-in-law, occupied a cabin right where William Miller's house now stands on the corner. George Crawford's cabin stood near the Blackfork at the spring on the lot in Perrysville where the tan yard was. Lewis Hill's cabin stood below the spring a few rods northeast of the house where Charles Spohn recently lived. Calvin Hull's cabin was located near a spring west of the mouth of the ravine below the barn on the farm owned by Martin Trumpour. The blockhouse was the next building on the south side of the Blackfork and Allen Oliver's cabin stood near the old brick house on the Lewis Oliver farm. Melzar Tannehill's cabin stood near the house where his granddaughter, Mrs. N. McD. Coe now lives on the old Tannehill farm. Her father, Melzar Tannehill, Jr., and Charles Tannehill, the soldier, were brothers. Jeremiah Cuisine's cabin was on the farm now owned by Harvey Van Horn and stood near the spring where the present buildings now are. Otha Simmons lived in a cabin near the old brick house on the Ewalt farm near the railroad below the Oliver cabin. These cabins were all on the south side of the blackfork. On the north of the Blackfork, Captain Ebenezer Rice's cabin stood near the vacant house built by Ruben Rice on the farm now owned by A. H. Wilson. Joseph Jones, a revolutionary soldier whose son, Moses Jones, was the father of Joseph Jones, who lived so long where Mrs. Marion Baker now resides, occupied a cabin near the spring at the present residence of Wade, E. Guthrie, and Sylvester Fisher, his son-in-law, lived in a cabin near the house where Lisle Robinson now resides north of the Chapel railroad crossing. Solo- 262 - HISTORY OF ASHLAND COUNTY mon Hill died June 4, 1812.   His grave was the first in the Perryville cemetery. His body was carried from his cabin across the blackfork in a canoe, Friendly Indians attended the funeral. They came down the Blackfork from their village, Greentown, in canoes. In accordance with their custom these red-skinned mourners marched around their white neighbor's grave and cast evergreens into it. The whites suspected them of intending to dig up the remains for the scalp and visited the grave frequently for some time to see if it were disturbed. War with these Indians broke out in less than one hundred days after this funeral, and nearly all the whites were refugees in blockhouses, Shortly after her refuge in the Coulter blockhouse, Mary Simmons. wife of Jeremiah Conine, died, September 24, 1812, leaving a little daughter about ten days old. They made her grave at the foot of the grave of Solomon Hill. In dreadful apprehension of an attack from the Indians Lieutenant Winteringer and his soldiers quartered at the blockhouse and guarded Mrs. Conine's body to the grave. These are the first two graves in what is now the Perrysville cemetery. The man died in time of peace; the woman gave up her life, a sacrifice of war. PHILPOT C. COWEN. BIOGRAPHICAL. JUDGE GEORGE HARRIS STEWART. Inseparably interwoven with the history of Loudonville and the county is the name of George Harris Stewart, a man whom to know was to respect and one who was most honored where best known. For years Loudonville benefited by his efforts rts and his influence and for years to come his good work will remain as a factor in the life of the city. Judge Stewart was born in Alexandria, Pennsylvania, on the 10th of October, 1809, and was the seventh son and ninth child of Thomas H. and Anne (Gemmill) Stewart. He was baptized George, being so named in honor of his paternal grandfather, but when a young man in Pittsburg he added the Barris to his name that there might be no confusion in the delivery of his mail to another George Stewart of that city. Ells father, Thomas H. Stewart was the third son and fifth child of Colonel George and Margaret (Harris) Stewart, who was born February 5, 1767, in what is now Harford but was then a part. of Baltimore county, Maryland. Jis birth occirred in or near Cross Roads, now Churchville. He was named for his maternal grandfather and in 1775 accompanied his parents on their removal to Tuscarora Valley. Pennsylvania. His father there died August 13, 1787, and it was about that time that Thomas H. Stewart left home, working at farm labor and also at the mill of his grandfather, under whose direction he learned the tanner's trade. When he had become proficient in that line he began business as a tanner on his own account near his father's homestead. He completed his arrangements for having a home of his own by his marriage on on the 5th of November, 1795, to Miss Anne Gemmill, a daughter of John and Elizabeth (Porter) Gemmill, whose home was on the Kilmarnock farm a few miles above Lewistown. John Gemmill was a Scotch clock and watch maker whose birth occurred near Kilmarnock, Scotland, and he belonged to a family several members of which suffered martyrdom for their avowed aversion to prelacy. Judge Stewart spent his boyhood days in the midst of the beautiful mountain scenery of Pennsylvania but when in his teens went to Armagh, Pennsylvania, where he was employed as a salesman in a store for two or three years, during the time of the building of the Pennsylvania canal and the Portage railroad over the Allegheny mountqins. Subsequently he accepted a position as bookkeeper and salesman in a wholesale store in Pittsburg and at all times enjoyed the fullest confidence and trust of his employers. He was ambitious, however, to engage in business on his own account and feeling that the new and growing west offered better opportunities, he canoe to Ohio in 1833 with a stock of goods which he had 266 - HISTORY OF ASHLADN COUNTY purchased and desired to place on sale at some favorable location. Mansfield was his objective point but he could find no vacant room in which to open his store save the bar-room of Smart's Hotel, which was then too far from the business part of the town although now in the heart of the city. Renting a horse at twenty-five cents per day, he came to Loudonville, then in Richland county, and in a small frame building began merchandising in this place. Be fore the goods were all moved into the house he opened a bag of coffee on the street and sold it to the crowd standing around and in a half hour had secured money enough to pay the teamsters who brought his goods from Knox From the beginning he received a liberal patronage, people coining from and Holmes counties to trade at the "new store" and even from a point almost as distant as Millersburg. Later he closed out his stock of goods and entered the firm of Haskell, Strong, & Stewart, as the partner of Nathaniel Haskel and Abel Strong. They occupied a frame building on the present site of the Farmers Bank and there Judge Stewart remained for a number of years. He did most of the buying for the firm in Pittsburg. making the trip once or twice each year on horseback, carrying his money in a portmanteau. In those days goods were hauled all the way from Pittsburg in great "Pennsylvania wagons." Judge Stewart did not confine his attention alone to merchandising although he met with creditable and gratifying success in that direction and was one of the leading early merchants of the town. In many other ways he contributed to the growth and upbuilding of Loudonville. In 1845 in partnership with Arvine Wales of Massillon, he laid out Wales addition to the town of Loudonvile. The greater part of the succeeding winter was passed by him in Columbus in an effort to secure the organization of Ashland county, and when this was accomplished he received legislative appointment to the position of associate judge of the court of common pleas of the county. This position he filled most acceptably until the change in the judicial system wrought by the adoption of the present state constitution in 1.852. His associates on the bench were Edmund Ingman and Bela B. Clark. In 1846 Judge Stewart withdrew from the dry-goods trade and for three or four years thereafter conducted a tannery. He then again entered mercantile life but only for a brief period, when he became interested in railroad building, realizing how essential was the construction of the railroad lines for the improvement and progress of any locality. He gave of his time, influence and money to secure the construction of the Pittsburg, Fort Wayne & Chicago line, later the Pensylvania line, through Loudonville. He secured the right of way through Holmes, Ashland and a part of Wayne county, and when the railroad was completed to this point he was made the first station agent at Loudonville, performing the duties of the position for about ten years, when he voluntarily retired. He remained throughout his life an earnest worker for the public good and his efforts were effective forces for general improvement, in many lines. In 1851 he purchased a tract of land in Wayne county and laid out the town of Clinton, now Shreve, a station on the Pittsburg, Fort Wayne & Chicago Railroad. Judge Stewart was a stalwart champion of the cause of education and he did all in his power to promote the interests of the public schools and to raise HISTORY OF ASHLAND COUNTY - 267 the standard of instruction. The project of the Loudonville Academy originated in a conversation between the judge and one or two of his associates. He did not rest until it was an established fact and was always untiring in his efforts to sustain and cherish the school. His house was a favorite resort with its students was always open for their reception. He was appointed the its assessor of internal revenue and discharged his duties with great faithfulness and general acceptance. Ile also held the office of assistant provost marshall in his district at the time of the Civil war and his patriotism was of the highest and most unselfish character. His early political allegiance was given to the whig party but when the republican party was formed to prevent the further extension of slavery he joined its ranks and remained one of its stalward advocates until his demise. However, with him the general welfare was ever ahead of partisanship and the good of the community before personal aggrandizement. His life was the antithesis of self-centered interests and no movement for the benefit of his fellowmen or for the county at large failed to receive his endorsement and, wherever possible, his cooperation. For nearly forty years he was an exemplary representative of the Masonin fraternity and was one of the eight charter members of Hanover Lode of Loudonville. He also belonged to the chapter and was in hearty sympathy with the organization in its recognition of the brotherhood of mankind and the fatherhood of God. He was a faithful adherent of the Presbyterian church, loyal to its teachings and generous in its support. It was in 1837 that Judge Stewart was united in marriage to Miss Emeline Chappell, a daughter of Caleb Chappell, who was born at South Kingston, Rhode Island, in 1768, When quite young he removed to northwestern Vermont, where he married Charlotte Sperry, a native of Connecticut. During his residence there he was not only active in the business life of the community but was also a sergeant and lieutenant and held the commission of captain of the militia. At length the stories which he heard concerning the opportunities of the west proved irresistible and with his wife and children two sons and two daughters, he started for Ohio in the autumn of 1813, traveling all the way by weagon. The roads were often in an almost impassable condition owing to the rain which made the mud very deep. Mrs. Chappell rode in a one-horse wagon, driving all the way herself, and after six weeks the little party halted upon the bank of Owl creek, in Knox county, and were cordially welcomed by John Shrimplin and his family, who extended to them the generous hospitality which was feature of pioneer life. The following spring Caleb Chappell located on the present site of Loudonville, made a clearing and built a log cabin a few rods from a spring on what is now the Whitney place. The following spring he removed his family to the new home and in the meantime he had assisted the surveyor in laying out the town of Loudonville. There were no roads down the Black Fork, hence the family and household goods were moved upon a keelboat which landed near Bull's meadow. The children made, their way through the high prairie grass to the cabin of Stephen Butler, which stood on the site of the Ohio House, and all the land save a little spot around the cabin was covered with a dense thicket. Mr. Chappell not only took up the task of clearing and improving the place for himself but also in making the first improvements of a public 268 - HISTORY OF ASHLAND COUNTY nature, including a. bridge over the Black Fork. It was very different from the modern structures that now span the streams, as one had to mount to the bridge by a ladder at either end. In a short time the Chappells moved into their own cabin which as yet had no fireplace, while a blanket was hung, across the opening where the door is usually found. Yet this house was an improvement upon many of the early cabins, as it had a shingle roof and a glass window and a floor of sawed boards. Up to that time most of the houses had clapboard roofs, greased-paper windows and puncheon floors. In the warm weather it was a common practice to suspend a thick blanket from a joist in front of the fireplace thus forming two rooms and making a more comfortable sitting and dining room. After a few months a twelve light glass window was added, it being the first and only one in the county for many years. The Indians were frequent visitors at the Chappell and other cabins. Deer were to be had in abundance. together with many other kinds of wild game, and there were also bears and wolves in the forests. Mr. Chappell was not only a fanner but also a carpenter and joiner and a first-class mechanic and assisted in building the first at that locality. He also built another mill in which the lumber for the gristmill was sawed. He likewise erected the first frame buildings in this region and in 1820 built a frame barn for himself. In 1819 he built the first schoolhouse of Loudonville and it served as well for the meeting house and town hall until about 1836. Mr. Chappell continued to improve his place and work at his trade until his death, which occurred in 1834. He could recollect the Revolutionary war, saw the arrival of the French fleet and frequently entertained his neighbors with accounts of his own and the experiences of others. Mrs. Chappell survived her husband only three years, dying in February, 1837. It was in the pioneer home of this worthy couple that Mrs. Emeline Stewart was reared. She was born in Charlotte, Chittenden county, Vermont, March 3, 1812, and had come with her parents to Loudonville, as previously described. Her girlhood days were thus passed on what is now known as the Whitney farm and as a member of the Chappell household was connected with many of the early events which are now points of historic interest. Mrs. Stewart received her early educational training from her mother and attended the first school taught in the first schoolhouse built in Hanover township. When a young woman she engaged in teaching. She was a lady of strong intellect, firm purpose and great perseverance and yet of warm heart. In April, 1837, she gave her hand in marriage to Judge George H. Stewart, and in Loudonville they reared their family, the children as well as the parents always being identified with the best interests of the town. The lot of the first Methodist Episcopal church of Loudonville and also of the first German church were donated by Judge Stewart, and in all of is good work Mrs. Stewart shared, while in the home she was the presiding genius of love and hospitality. Unto Judge and Mrs. Stewart were born eight children. Miss Charlotte Ann Stewart, to whom we are, indebted for the interesting material concerning her honored parents, and ancestors, was born in Loudonville January 20, 1838, pursued her education here in the public schools and the Loudonville Academy and later entered the Ashland high school and subsequently the Olome Institute at Cannonsburg, Pennsylvania, where she was graduated with honors HISTORY OF ASHLAND COUNTY - 269 September 26, 1860. She then began teaching and most of her work has been in connection with the high schools of Ohio. About thirty years of her life were devoted to that profession and during much of that period she was a high-school principal. In 1887 she was one of the guests of honor at the fiftieth anniversary of the founding of the Ohio Teachers Association and she has also been active in the National Educational association, In 1896 she became one of the organizers of the Progress Club of Loudonville, formed to promote literary investigation and knowledge. Her influence has been a most potent factor in the educational progress of this state and few are so thoroughly and widely informed concerning the history of Ashland county as is Miss Charlotte A. Stewart. Eliza Thompson, the seond daughter of the family, was born in Loudonville, January 14, 1840, and pursued her education in the Loudonville Academy and the Vermillion Institute at Haysville, Ohio. She became noted for her spicy writings and entertaining essays. She taught in the high schools of Ohio and Iowa until her marrage and since that tine has continued private classes. In 1876 she became the wife of Enos S. Culver, of Eau Claire, Wisconsin. Mary Emeline who was born in Loudonville, August 23, 1842, became the wife of Dr. A. B. Fuller, December 11, 1868, and died May 9, 1891, her death striking a cord of. sympathy in every heart. She received a liberal education in what was then Loudonville Academy and engaged in teaching until her marriage. At the age of sixteen she became a member of the Presbyterian church. Her literary taste and Christian refinement fitted her for social influence as well as to reign in the happy home circle. Unto Dr. and Mrs. Fuller were born four children. two daughters and two sons, but one of the sons passed away before the mother's death. With her husband and (laughter. Mary, she spent the winter prior to her death in Florida, but the sojourn in the sunny south did not avail, as her many friends had hoped it would, to prolong her health. She took an active interest in the Ladies Missionary Society of the Presbyterian church and in all those movements which were of benefit in promoting the social, intellectual and moral progress of the community, James Thompson, the fourth member of the family of Judge Stewart, died in infancy. Sutiah Margaret died in childhood. George Harris, born in Loudonville May 17, 1849, has been a banker of Zanesville throughout his entire business career. Xenophon Chappell was born at Loudenville January 18, 1852, and died at the old family home in that town July 4, 1904. He was educated in the public schools and the Loudonville Academy, with some study at Oberlin. During most of his business life he was connected with Zanesville, although for a. few years he was in New York city. He had been for some time with the Zanesville Railway Light & Power Company. On the 9th of March, 1882, in Zanesville, he married Miss Clara Rishtine, who died two years prior to his demise. Margaret Harris, the youngest member of the Stewart family, was born in Loudonville, Ohio, August 6, 1854, and died May 3.1909. She was educated in the public schools of the town and was the wife of Dr. Cyrus Levi Buckwaltcr, of Loudonville, the only son of Levi and Saba (Beals) Buchwalter, the former a native of Lancaster, Pennsylvania and the latter of Berks county, Pennsylvania. Dr Buckwalter was born on a farm near West Lebanon in Paint township, Wayne county, Ohio, November 8, 1845. His education was acquired in the district schools and in private 270 - HISTORY OF ASHLAND COUNTY academies and in 1864 he enlisted in the One Hundred and Sixty-sixth Regiment of Ohio National Guards Volunteers. After being discharged he taught school during the winter months for some time. Be commenced the study of medicine with Dr. Fuller and Dr. Wirt in Loudonville, Ohio. In the spring of 1872 he graduated from the medical department of the University of Wooster and commenced the practice of his profession in New Washington, Crawford county, Ohio, and remained there about five years. During this time he was united in marriage to Miss Margaret H. Stewart at her home in Loudonville. Ohio, May 14, 1874. He then moved with his family to Millersburg. Holmes county, Ohio to engage in the practice of dentistry with his uncle, Oliver Buckwalter. with whom he remained until 1879. when he opened an office of his own in Loudonville and continued until 1903, when almost total deafness compelled him to give up his professional work. This was a. great disappointment to an active industrious man with a growing family, depending upon his exertions. His did not give up in despair, however, but employed his mind in perfecting various devices for use in dentistry. In January, 1905, he was granted a patent in the United States and Canada for the Eureka suction plate, which has proved a very successful invention and is now in general use. He later invented and patented a. new and useful improvement in audiphones. With this instrument he was enabled once more to hear the voices of his friends in ordinary conversation. He became interested in aerial navigation and invented and had patented an air ship which involves a principle contained in no other up to this date. The only surviving members of his family of five sons and one daughter are : Ware J. Buckwalter, an expert engraver and etcher on gold and silver, employed in the city of Pittsburg, Pennsylvania, and the youngest son, Ralph G. Buckwalter. Such in brief is the life history of Judge Stewart and those, who were most closely associated with him through family ties. Death came to him February 2, 1883, when he had reached the age of seventy-three years, three months and twenty-four days. For fifty years he was well known in Loudonville and the county and his public-spirited and unselfish interest in every enterprise made his life one of acknowledged worth to the community. He performed countless little ministries to those with whom he carve in contact and his life was characterized by a generous support of every movement of benefit to the individual and to the district at large. He outlived every resident who was in Loudonville a the time of his arrival, he witnessed the building of every church and gave liberally of his means to those enterprises. He was generous almost to a fault and it might be said of him, as it was of Goldsmith's village preacher, "E'en his failings leaned to virtue's side." An honorable, upright man and a consistent Christian his memory is yet enshrined in the hearts of all who knew him. EDMUND P. SMITH. Edmund P. Smith, deceased, was one of those men whose depth of character and strict adherence to principle excited the admiration of his fellowmen. He was, moreover, well known throughout Ohio as a successful farmer and stock HISTORY OF ASHLAND COUNTY - 273 raiser. He was born in Wayne county, this state, August 31, 1834, a son of Robert W. and Priscilla (Hatch) Smith. the former being, in his day, a well known agriculturist who devoted the greater part of his time and attention to the raising and feeding of Durham cattle. Reared to farm life, Edmund P. Smith made that line of activity his life work, his time and attention being divided between the cultivation of a fine farm which he owned in Milton township and the raising and feeding of stock. He became well known throughout the community as a feeder of Durham cattle, while he made a specialty, of raising sheep, in which connection he became very successful, He was recognised as the leading sheep raiser in Ohio, while his reputation as a judge of that animal extended even beyond the boundaries of this state and his word was taken as authority on all matters pertaining to the sheep industry. His unfaltering perseverance and untiring industry were factors in his success and at the time of his death he was one of the prosperous and representative citizens of the community, having acquired a well earned and gratifying competence as the result of his earnest labor. In 1861, when the country became involved in Civil war, Mr. Smith espoused the cause of the Union, enlisting as a member of Company. C, under Captain Bushnell, and this company became a part of the Forty-second Ohio Regiment under the command of Colonel Garfield. Ile served for almost four years, for a time in on General Garfield's staff and later filling the position of quartermaster sergeant. In 1864. however, he was called home by the death of his eldest brother and while there was taken ill with a fever which subsequently developed into rheumatism, Unable to return to his regiment on account of ill health, he was relieved from further service. The duties of his private business, which had been laid aside at the time of his country's call for aid, were again resumed and he devoted himself to farming and kindred interests until his demise. On the 24th of November, 1857, witnessed the marriage of Mr. Smith and Ellen E. Hoy, born August 28, 1835. She was the daughter of Charles Hoy, of Jackson Township, Wayne county, Ohio, who fought in the war of 1812. Unto This marriage was born one daughter, Julia Moore Smith, who passed away in 1888. In his wife Mr. Smith found indeed a true helpmate, who, while her husband was away fighting for the honor of his country, remained at home, conducted the affairs of the farm and successfully fought the battles there with as much skill and bravery as was shown by many a soldier at the front. The 14th of December, 1890, Mr. Smith was called to his final rest, leaving his widow upon the beautiful farm that had been her home throughout her entire married life and upon which she still resides. Both were members of the Congregational church and Mr. Smith kept up close relations with his old army comrades in his membership in the Grand Army of the Republic, while his wife belonged to the Women's Relief Corps. He was an ardent republican, exerting all his influence toward the success of the party that had upheld the Union in her darkest hour. Noble and trustworthy in citizenship, his devotion to the general good was unquestioned, while in his home he was a kind and loving husband and an affectionate father. A high type. of manhood, he stood for all that was honorable and upright in man's relation with his fellowmen and never lost an opportunity to do a kind act. The circle of his friends was coextensive 274 - HISTORY OF ASHLAND COUNTY with the circle of his acquaintance, and thus the news of his demise came as a blow to the community in which he had been so loved and respected. Few have ever enjoyed more completely the confidence and respect of their fellow citizens, none have more richly deserved such confidence or more sincerely appreciated it. OLIVER B. RICHARDS, M.D. Among the worthy men devoting their time and talents to the practice of medicine in Nova. Troy township, this county. is Dr. Oliver B. Richards, whose birth occurred in Orange township, April 9, 1849, a son of Samuel and Rachel (Bowman) Richards, natives of Mahoning county, who cane to this place in 1829, shortly after they were united in marriage, settling on a tract of land in Orange township, which was at that time practically covered with forests. His mother was the last born of a family of twelve children while her son, Oliver B., was the eleventh child in a family of the same number. His father cleared the timber off the land upon which he located and engaged in farming until the year 1859, when he removed to the village of Nova, where he lived in retirement, at the same time supervising the management of his farm until he departed thie life, in the year 1878, having survived his wife by four years. Among their children was Oliver B, Richards, who spent his boyhood days assisting his father in the duties of the farm, in the meantime acquiring his preliminary education in the district schools and later completing a course of study at Oberlin College and Savannah Academy. He entered upon the study of medicine with his brother-in-law, Dr. George Weidman, of this place and subsequently obtained his degree from the medical department of Wooster University in 1874, having also a diploma from the Western Reserve University. The year he received his degree from Wooster University Medical School he began the practice of his profession at this place, locating in his present office thirty-five years ago. his natural talents and disposition fit him for his profession and he stands high in the confidence of the people and draws a liberal patronage from the surrounding community. Scholarly in his tastes he keeps abreast of the times regarding the advancement made in sciences pertaining to his profession, being very proficient in the several departments of materia medica. At the same time he has acquired the reputation of being a careful and skillfull surgeon. He belongs to the County Medical Society. On March 26; 1874, Dr. Richards wedded Miss Sarah Rickett. a daughter of John and Elizabeth (Shopbell) Rickett, whose father followed farming in this county for many years and is now living in retirement at the advanced aged of eighty-six years, while her mother departed this life in 1900. To Dr. and Mrs. Richards were born four children, namely: Edwin S., a rural mail carrier; Wilbur S., deceased ; John 0., an agriculturist of Sullivan township; and Elizabeth deceased. Dr. Richards is a republican in politics well informed upon all matters pertaining' to political economy and the nations affairs. Although he has repeatedly refused the requests of his associates to became a candidate for office, his interest in local affairs has led him to serve in a number HISTORY OF ASHLAND COUNTY - 275 of township positions and for ten consecutive years .he has been treasurer and also a member of the school board for a number of terms. He was clerk of the board when the new brick school building was constructed. Religious matters also reccive the attention of Dr. Richards and he holds membership in the Methodist Episcopal church, in which organization he has held every office and for sixteen years was superintendent of the Sunday school. His son now holds that that office while the doctor still is a zealous Sunday school worker and teacher of a large Bible class. He is a public-spirited man, advocating all measures designed for the good of the community and upon the whole he occupies a prominent place in the estimation of the citizens of the community and enjoys their utmost confidence. EZBON H. SMITH. Ezbon H. Smith, of Savannah, who is now serving as road commissioner, was born in Clear Creek township, Ashland county, Ohio, on the 14th of January 1848. his parents being John and Eleanor (Bailey) Smith, natives of Troy and Clear Creek townships respectively. The first representatives of the family in this state came from Lancaster county, Pennsylvania, while the paternal grandfather, Henry Smith, who was a native of Columbiana county, Ohio, eventually took up his abode in this county and became a prominent factor in its early development and upbuilding being an extensive landowner and influential citizen. John Smith, the father of our subject, who successfully carriedon agricultural pursuits throughout his active business career, passed away in Savannah a number of years ago. In 1849 he had made his way to California hut returned to Ohio after a period of four years. His family numbered two sons, namely: John M., a resident of Oklahoma; and Ezbon H., of this review. Ezbon H. Smith spent his youthful days on the home farm and acquired his education in the country schools. In 1864 he enlisted as a member of Company E. Fifth Ohio Cavalry, for three years or during the war, and saw active service until the close of hostilities. He went with Sherman through Georgia and when at last the supremacy of the Union had been established, he participated in that celebrated military pageant—the Grand Review at Washington, D. C. Though often in the thickest, of the he was fortunate in that he was never wounded and reurned home with a most creditable record as a soldier. In 1867 he went to California, being there engaged in mining for a time, and on his return to this county he became identified with farming pursuits in Clear Creek township, where he thus continued until 1904, since which time he has made his home in Savanah. On the 27th of December, 1870, Mr. Smith was united in marriage to Miss May Sellers. a daughter of Elias C. and Eleanor (Bowers) Sellers, of Richland county, who came from Lancaster county, Pennsylvania, and Columbiana county. Ohio. respectively. Elias C. Sellers was a farmer by occupation and at an early day assisted in clearing land in this portion of the state, being a 276 - HISTOIIY OF ASHLAND COUNTY helpful factor in its pioneer development. Unto Mr. and Mrs. Smith have been born three children : William A. ; Etta B. ; the wife of Arthur Fair, an agriculturist of Clear Creek township; and Horace B. In his political views M. Smith has always been a democrat and is interested in the growth and success of his party. He has been township trustee and school director and at present is serving in the capacity of road commissioner, ever discharging his official duties in a prompt and capable manner. He gives loyal support to every measure and movement calculated to prove of public good or promote the moral, intellectual and material welfare of the community. He and his family are devoted members of the Baptist church, in the work of which they take an active and helpful interest. He finds recreation in fishing and the game of checkers, being an expert player. Practically his entire life has been spent in this county and he is widely recognized as one of its most sustantial, representative and progressive citizens. William A. Smith, the eldest son of Ezbon H. Smith, was born March 1, 1872, and in the acquirement of an education attended the common schools and an academy. Subsequently he followed the profession of teaching in Ashland county for a period of seven years, imparting clearly and readily to others the knowledge that he had acquired. He then became identified with the carperter's trade, which he had mastered without any outside assistance and is a successful contractor, builder and architect. now pursuing a course in drafting in the International Correspondence School of Scranton. He is an adept in his line of activity, turning out fine desks and cabinet work and is numbered among the progressive and successful young business men of the community. On the 9th of June, 1897, William A. Smith was joined in wedlock to Miss Florence Doty, a daughter of James Doty, of Ruggles township. She passed away, however, on the 24th of June, 1902, and Mr. Smith now makes his home with his parents. His political allegiance is given to the democracy and he is now serving as clerk of the village, having held the position for three years. Like his father, he favors all measures instituted to advance the general welfare His religious faith is indicated by his membership in the Methodist Episcopal church. An enthusiastic automobilist, he finds his chief source of recreation in motoring and is well known and popular in social circles. HENRY H. KAGEY. The old brick residence which Henry H. Kagey occupies was built at 1830 and is therefore one of the old landmarks of the county. If it could speak it could tell many an interesting tale concerning the early pioneer times and the changes which have since been wrought, bringing the county from pioneer conditions into a state of advanced civilization and prosperity. The farm which is owned and occupied by Mr. Kagey comprises eighty-eight acres on section 10, Mifflin township, on the Black Fork. His birth occurred August 4, 1844, near his present home and in the same township. His parents were Martin K. and Nancy (Charles) Kagey. The father was born in Shenandoah county, HISTORY OF ASHLAND COUNTY - 279 Virginia. in 1801, and came to Ohio with his two brothers, Isaac and Samuel, about 1827. at which time he took up his abode on the Black Fork. All three brothers remained residents of this locality throughout their remaining days, Martin Kagey being the last to pass away, his death occurring in 1884. He had nearly three hundred acres of land at one time but later disposed of some of this. He cleared much of the property and put it under a. high state of cultivation, being recognized throughout the community as an enterprising, progressive agriculturist. His wife's birth occurred in Lancaster county, Pennsylvania, in 1800, and in early womanhood she carne to this county with her parents, John and Mary Charles. Her death occurred when she was sixty-nine years of age. In the fancily of that worthy couple were seven children : Ann L., who made her home with her brother Henry and passed away August 13, 1906, at the age of seventy-seven Years; John C., who died in Finley, Ohio; Christian, who died on the old home farm in Mifflin township ; Samuel, who spent his last days on his farm in the same township; Daniel, who enlisted in 1864 in the One Hundred and Second Ohio Volunteer Infantry and died of smallpox at Tullahoma, Tennessee, while serving his country; Martin V., who was a lumber merchant and died in Ashland; and Henry K., of this review. The last named was reared on the old home farm, acquired his education in the district schools and worked in the fields when not busy with his text-books. In early life he turned his attention to carpentering, which he followed in young manhood, while subsequently he resumed the occupation of fanning, in which he had been reared and to which he has since given his attention. He has eightyeight acres on section 10, Mifflin township, bordering the Black Fork, and one mile north of the village of Mifflin on the Olivesburg road. His farm is now well improved and returns to him a substantial annual income. The old brick residence which he occupies formerly belonged to the old mill property but Mr. Kagey and his sister purchased it and connected it with the farm. In all of his business affairs he is energetic and is also a- man of unfaltering integrity. He holds membership in the Lutheran church of Mifflin and his good qualities are well known to his fellow citizens. At one time Mr. Kagey owned eighty-one acres of land in addition to his present farm of eighty-eight acres, but in 1907 he deeded both farms to the Wittenberg College at Springfield, Ohio, which was certainly a generous gift and worthy of commendation. His sister Ann, who lived with him, died August 13, 1906. Their inheritance was never divided and jointly they deeded all landed possessions to Wittenberg College, which is a Lutheran institution. FRANK N. PATTERSON. Frank N. Patterson, one of the prominent leaders of the republican party in Ohio, serving for the second term as senator from this district, was born in Hayesville. Ohio, December 28, 1863. He attended the University of Wooster but did not graduate, and taking up the study of law, qualified for the bar and entered upon active practice in 1890, As the years passed he made substantial 280 - HISTORY OF ASHLAND COUNTY progress in his profession and in 1894 was elected prosecuting attorney of Ashland county. Along with those qualities indispensable to the lawyer a keen, rapid, logical mind plus the business sense and a ready capacity for hard work--Mr. Patterson brought to the starting point of his legal career certain rare gifts—eloquence of language and a strong personality. An excellent presence, an earnest manner, marked strength of character, a thorough grasp of the law and the ability to correctly apply its principles are factors in the effectiveness as an advocate, and because of his ability he is now accorded a large and distinctively representative clientage. It is a notable fact that the members of the legal fraternity have been more prominent in public affairs than any other class in the community, and the reason of this is not far to seek. The ability and training which qualify pme to practice law also qualify him in many respects for duties which lie outside the direct path of his profession and which touch the general interests of society. Thoroughly conversant with the political problems, issues and situations of the present day, Mr. Patterson has been accorded. leadership in republican circles and has twice been called to the office of state senator, being now one of the most active and earnest members of the upper house of the Ohio assembly. in the experience and standing as a lawyer make his advice and counsel valuable in the enactment of important legislation. Mr. Patterson was married in 1892 to Miss Mary Shauweoher and they have one child, Ada. The parents are well known in Ashland and Mr. Patterson also has a wide acquaintance among the prominent statesmen and political leaders of Ohio. As an lawyer and lawmaker his record is indeed commendable. SAMUEL S. WALKER Samuel S. Walker, who devotes his time and energies to the pursuits of farming and stock-raising in Montgomery township, is widely recognized as an authority on high grade stock. He was born near Ashland, Ohio, February 13, 1848, a son of Daniel and Mary (Swiggard) Walker, both of whom were natives of Pennsylvania and were born in 181.5 and 1818 respectively. When a lad of twelve years Daniel Walker accompanied his father to Ohio, walking the entire distance from Pittsburg to Ashland. He located in Wayne county where he remained for a long period and subsequently came to Ashland county, continuing a resident here throughout the remainder of his life. He engaged in farming and stock raising and for forty years was also a local preacher, going from place to place and expounding the Gospel in a manner that could not fail to make a deep and lasting impression on his hearers. Through his well directed energy and capable management he accumulated a fine property and was long numbered among the most substantial, respected and public-spirited citizens of the community, while his labors as a minister of the church of Godconstituted an important element in the moral advancement of this section of the state. His political allegiance was given to the republican party. Unto him and his wife were born the following children: Mrs. Sarah Jane Wells; HISTORY OF ASHLAND COUNTY - 281 Mrs. Susan Shroll; Samuel S., of this review; Cyrus, deceased; Daniel; and Elmer E. In 1883 Samuel S. Walker, whose name initiates this review, removed westward and for three years successfully carried on agricultural pursuits and stock-raising in Iowa, where he had purchased a farm. He then sold the property to excellent advantage and, returning to Ohio, remained in this state for a few months, after which he bought a farm near Topeka. Kansas, and was there engaged in business as a stockman for eight years. On the expiration of that period he again sold out with profit and returned to Ashland county, Ohio, where he has since continued to reside. He has a valuable and well improved farm of seventy acres in Montgomery township and in addition to the work of the fields has made a specialty of raising, buying and selling hogs, cattle and horses. He owns a fine pair of horses worth at least eight hundred dollars, also a hull valued at five hundred dollars and has other high grade animals, though at pesent he is not dealing in stock so extensively as formerly. He has bi superior as a judge of animals in this locality and has an offer to go to Massachusetts to take charge of a stock farm at a salary of a hundred dollars per month. As a companion and helpmate on the journey of life Mr. Walker chose Miss Margaret Smith, a daughter of Henry Smith, who was a native of Pennsylvania. By this union there is one son, Samuel S. Walker, Jr., born December 15, 1900, who is being educated in Ashland. Politically Mr. Walker is a stalwart republican and is a citizen whose time and means can always be counted upon to further any movement or measure instituted to promote the material, intellectual or moral development of his native county. The spirit of enterprise and steady progress which has ever been manifest in this section of the country finds exemplification in him and in his business life he is watchful of opportunities and through the improvement of the advantages which have come to him he has made a creditable place in business circles. JUDGE H. L. McCRAY. Judge H. L. McCray, for thirty-nine years a representative of the Ohio bar and for twenty-two consecutive years a representative of the profession in Ashland has, by his ready capacity for hard work, his keen, rapid, logical mind, his eloquence of language and strong personality,gained a place as one of the able attorneys of this county. A native of Washington county, Pennsylvania, Judge McCray was born March 17, 1846, a son of William and Rebecca (Crow) McCray, natives of Ireland and Washington county, Pennsylvania, respectively. The father, born on the Emerald isle in 1814, came to the United States in his boyhood days with his parents, who located at Fairfax Court House, Virginia, where he was reared. In his young manhood he went to Washington county, Pennsylvania, where he was married and maintained his home until 1847. In that year he came with his family to Ohio, settling in Huron and a short time 282 - HISTORY OF ASHLAND COUNTY afterward he removed to Ashland county, locating in Ruggles township where he as identified with farming interests up to the time of his death which occurred when he was eighty-one years of age. Both he and his wife were consistent members of the Disciples church and people of the highest respectability, enjoying the warm regard of all who knew them. Mrs. McCray devoted her husband only four days. Spending his youthful days on his fsther's farm, Judge McCray devoted his time largely to the acquirement of a public school education and to the mastery of a course of study in Savannah Academy. He engaged in the for eight years and it was in this way that he met the expenses of his higherlegal education. Taking up the study of law he read under the direction of his elder brother, T. Y. McCray, of Wooster, who at that time was prosecuting attorney of Wayne county, Ohio. Judge McCray continued his studies under his brother's direction until his admission to the bar on the 6th of July, 1870 and for two years practiced in partnership with his brother. In 1872 he became a member of the Ashland bar and after practicing here for two years removed to Loudonville, where he continued in successful practice for two years years. In 1887 he returned to Ashland and in ,1888 was elected to the common pleas bench. Some months prior to the time when popular suffrage called him to the judgeship . he was appointed to . the bench by Governor J. B. Foraker, following the resignation of the former incumbent, but when, a few months later, the regular election was held, he was then chosen to the office. He served for a term of five years and his decisions indicated strong mentality, careful analysis, thorough knowledge of the law and an unbiased judgement. Maintaining his self control even under the most exasperating conditions and showing that broad-mindedness which comprehends the details of a situation quickly, he possessed, moreover, a comprehensive knowledge of the principles of jurisprudence and thus met success in the discharge of the multitudinous delicate duties which devolved upon him as he occupied the bench. Since his retirement from office in 1893 he has devoted his attention to active law practice and is an able barrister to whom is. accorded an extensive clientage. An excellent presence, an earnest, dignified manner, marked strength of character, a thorough grasp of the law and ability to accurately apply its principles are features in his effectiveness as an advocate. On the 9th of September, 1870, Mr. McCray was married to Miss Emrietta V. Shaw of Medina county, Ohio, and unto there have been born six children four of whom are now living: Benjamin W., an attorney in partnership with his father; Harry A., routing agent in the Hess & Clark plant; Charter O., an attorney of Cleveland, Ohio; and Grace E., teaching in the Canal Zone schools in the Isthmus of Panama. During the period of his residence in Ashland, Judge McCray has at all times been actively and helpfully interested in public affairs and for the past twelve years has served on the school board and is a stalwart champion and promoter of the cause of public education. While residing in Loudonville he served for four years as mayor of that town. He is a member of the Colonial Club, also of the Commercial Club of Ashland, and well known in fraternal circles. For more than twenty years he has been a member of the Masonic HISTORY OF ASHLAND COUNTY - 283 lodge and belongs to Mansfield Commandery, K. T. For thirty-six years he has been identified with the Independent Order of Odd Fellows and for thirty-two years has been a member of the Knights of Pythias Lodge. He has worn his professional honors with becoming modesty and the consensus of public opinion places him in a foremost position in the ranks of the legal fraternity where success depends upon the rare combination of talent, learning, tact, patience and industry. Possessing these qualities he justly merited the honor which was conferred upon him by his elevation to the bench and the gratifying success which has come to him in his private practice. VINTON E. RUDY. Vinton E. Rudy, a successful merchant and prominent citizen of Savannah, was born in Orange township, Ashland county, Ohio, on the 26th of July, 1864, his parents being Isaac L. and Susan (Karth) Rudy. The father, a native of Lancaster, Pennsylvania, took up his abode in Millersburg, Holmes county, Ohio, in 1840, and (hiring his early manhood taught German in the schools of that county. The Year 1857, witnessed his arrival in Orange township, Ashland county, while the lady whom he afterward made his wife came to this county with her parents in 1850. Isaac L. Rudy was a shoemaker by trade but subsequently engaged in agricultural pursuits and was a most prosperous and enterprising citizen of the community. Iris demise occurred on the 31st of May, 1885, but his widow still survives. Vinton E. Rudy assisted in the labors incident to the cultivation of the old homestead farm until eighteen years of age. He supplemented his preliminary education, obtained in the district schools, by a course at Ada Normal College and while a student in that institution he engaged in teaching during the winter terms. After leaving college he taught in the county schools and also at Nankin for a period of four years, while during the succeeding four years he was a teacher in the public schools of Savannah and for two years was at the head of a select class in vocal music at the Academy. While engaged as an instructor he published a work on arithmetic entitled "Mensuration Applied," which had a large sale and is still on the market, being used as a text-book or supplementary work in connection with the text-books. On severing his connection with educational interests in 1901, Mr. Rudy became identified with merchandising at Savannah in partnership, with W. O. Whitmarsh, conducting a general store for two years. Subsequently he was connected with the hardware business for one year and was then busily engaged in agricultural pursuits in Clear Creek township for five years. On the expiration of that period he again took up merchandising in Savannah, purshasing the interest of his former partner, Mr. Whitmarsh, and has since been a successful representative of this line of activity, his reasonable prices and honorable business methods insuring him a gowing and profitable patronage. He has also dealt in real estate to some extent improving property, etc., and has likewise traded in horses, meeting with a gratifying measure of prosperity in all of his undertakings. 284 - HISTORY OF ASHLAND COUNTY On the 18th of June, 1885, Mr. Rudy was united in marriage to Miss Harriet Alberson, a daughter of William C. and Lydia (Bowlby) Alberson The Bowlbys made their way from Virginia to Ohio at an early day and William C. Alberson, who removed from Harrison county to Ashland county in 1838, was a representative of a prominent and influential family in this section of the state. Unto Mr. and Mrs. Rudy have been born four sons and a daughter, namely: Fred B., Martha Alice, Harry A., James Russell and Howard O. In his political views Mr. Rudy is a stanch republican and has been anactive worker in the local ranks of his party. He has served both as township and town clerk for several years and in 1908 was a candidate for the legislature but could not overcome the strong democratic majority in this county. He has been a delegate to county, district and state conventions and has ever been a stalwart champion of public improvements, doing everything in his power to advance the interests of the community along material, intellectual and moral lines. Both he and his wife are devoted and consistent members of the Presbyterian church and are active Sunday school workers. He is held in high regard and esteem throughout the county in which his entire life has been spent and stands as a typical representative of the business life of the times, alert and enterprising, watchful of opportunities and recognizing and improving advantages as they come. GUY B. MURRAY. Among those who figure prominently in the financial circles of Nova, Troy township, this county, is Guy B. Murray, who is now officiating in the responsible position of cashier of the Nova Banking Company, which is one of the leading institutions of the kind in the county. Mr. Murray is a native son of the county, his birth having occurred May 1, 1876. His parents were Hugh and Jennie (Shidler) Murray, both natives of Orange township, this county, where his father is a well known agriculturist and stock-raiser. At the usual age Guy B. Murray was enrolled as a pupil at the common schools of the neighborhood, and having completed his studies there he was matriculated as a student at the Ohio Northern University, from which institution he was graduated, on completing a scientific course, with the class of 1896. After his graduation lie returned to his father's farm, where for several years he engaged n agricultural pursuits, but eventually leaving the farm he became a partner of his brother, Harold F. Murray, in the steam-heating business. He took an active part in the affairs of this business, until the organization of the Nova Banking Company in the summer of 1907, when he became identified with the institution and was chosen as its cashier. The bank opened its doors on December 4, 1907, with a thoroughly modern banking equipment, and on that occasion Mr. Murray assumed the duties of his position. An institution of this kind was recognized as a necessity in the commercial life of the community, and from the day of its founding it has transacted a paying HISTORY OF ASHLAND COUNTY - 285 business, the bank being thoroughly reliable and organized finder the banking laws of the state of Ohio, with a capital of twenty-five thousand dollars. While the institution is to some extent liberal in its business methods, yet the directors are opposed to undue and unsafe speculations and the investments which are made are known to be absolutely safe and will insure the safety of the capital if tge depositor. Mr. Murray, being a man of conservative business judgment, is well qualified for the position in which lie is now acting. While he is a firm believer in democracy and a supporter of the democratic party, he is not active in public affairs although he takes a keen interest in public issues and makes it a point to keep well informed upon the questions of the day. Although he is not; affiliated with any lodges, societies, or churches, he is an upright, moral young man and is always willing to lend his support in every effort having for its object the betterment of the conditions in the GEORGE SMITH. George Smith, who for many years has been successfully identified with the agricultural interests of Montgomery township, was born in Germany in 1830, a son of John and Mary (Hershler) Smith, who were also natives of the fathrland. The father passed away when his son George was but seven months old and in 1848 the latter crossed the Atlantic to the United States, taking up his abode in Ashland county, Ohio. Ile was first employed by the month as a farm hand for six years, on the expiration of which period he purchased a tract of eighty acres going in debt for the greater part of it. By careful expenditure and close economy he was in due time enabled to fully discharge the debt and then sold this farm and bought another of one hundred and ninety-four acres. At the end of six years he also sold that place and bought the farm in Montgomery township where he now resides, the property comprising one hundred and thirty-five acres of rich and productive land. All days in his career, however, have not been equally bright and he has met with reverses that would have disheartened many a man of less resolute spirit. The second year after starting out in business life a disastrous fire occasioned the total loss of his property, there being no insurance on the same. With undaunted courage he set to work to retrieve his lost possessions and the years have witnessed his steady progress until he is now numbered among the most substantial, influential and respected citizens of the community. In 1865 Mr. Smith was united in marriage to Miss Johanna Amoerze, whose birth occured in Germany in 1835. Unto them were born twelve children, namely: Mary C.; Henry; C. L.; Mrs Annie Taugaman; John F., who was educated in Berea and is now superintendent of the high school at Lodi ; Mrs. Louisa Young; Mrs Clara Hershy; Augusta; David W., who was educated in Columbus University and is now an engineer on the Hocking Valley Railroad ; Edward L., a graduate of a business college at Cleveland; Ohio, who is now chief clerk for the Cleveland, Akron & Columbus Railroad at Cleveland; Daniel A. ; and Emma. 286 - HISTORY OF ASHLAND COUNTY All received their preliminary education in the common schools of Ashland, and when they attained maturity llr. Smith gave each of his children five hundred dollars. Since age conferred upon him the right of franchise Mr. Smith has given his political allegiance to the democracy and for two terms capably served as infirmary director. In religious faith he is a Lutheran. Although now in his eightieth year, he is still vigorous and active in mind and body and his useful and honorable career stands as a splendid illustration of what may be accomplished by persistent, untiring and persevering effort. The hope that led him to leave his native land and seek a home in America has been more than realized. He found the opportunities he sought, which, by the way, are always open to the ambitious, energetic man, and making the best of these he has steadily worked his way upward. He has now been a resident of this count) for more than three score years and has long been widely recognized as one of its most progressive and public-spirited citizens. PHILO HENRY CLARK, M. D. Dr. Philo Henry Clark is now in his ninetieth year and has the distinction of being the oldest physician in Ashland county. For forty-six consecutive years, with the exception of the time spent in the army, he was actively engaged in the practice of his profession, having retired to a life of rest ten years ago. He was born in Wakeman township, Huron county, this state, August 3, 1819, and was the third white child born in that vicinity. his parents, Dr. H. M. and Laura (Downs) Clark, went to Huron county from South Britain, Connecticut, in 1818. The father was a practicing physician who during the war of 1812, was commissioned as surgeon on the battleship Prometheus. Upon leaving the ship on which he served for abort three years, he went to Wakeman, Ohio where for many years he engaged in the active practice of his profession, and upon the death of his wife he removed to Ashland, where he spent his remaining days with his son, Dr. P. H. Clark, his death occurring when he was about seventy-five years of age. Under the parental roof Dr. P. H. Clark was reared and acquired his preliminary education in the public school, later pursuing his studies in Oberlin College, upon being graduated from which institution he spent two years teaching school for the purpose of securing sufficient means to enable him to take a course of study in a medical college. At the expiration of that period he began the study of medicine under the preceptorship of his father. In 1839 he became a student at Willoughby Medical College, of Willoughby, this state, and in 1840 completed the course of study and passed his examinations, but he was not graduated from the institution by reason of the fact that he had not yet attained his twenty-first year. This was a, great disappointment to Dr. Clark, as his means had about become exhausted, but he left the institution and, repairing to New Haven, Indiana, entered upon the practice of medicine in that city, where he continued for about six years, when he removed to Fort Washington, Wis- HISTORY OF ASHLAND COUNTY - 289 consin. practicing there for about four years. In 1850 he came to this city, where for forty-six years he followed his profession with uncommon ability and success. After he had been practicing here for about eleven years he became a student at the Buffalo Medical College, where he completed his professional studies, and was graduated from the institution with the class of 1862., at which time he had the honor of having his diploma presented to him by President Fillmor. In June, 1862, Dr. Clark enlisted in the military ranks as assistant-surgeon to the southern army, and remained in the south until October, when, his health failing, he was sent home to recuperate, and in February; 1863, he was his health Cumberland, Maryland later being transferred to Annapolis, where he saw much hard service. There he remained until September, 1863. when he resigned his position and, upon returning to Ashland, engaged in private prctice and became known as one of the most successful physicians and skilled in this part of the state. In 1844, the Doctor was united in marriage to Miss Sarah J. McDougal, of New Have, Indiana, Who departed this life about one year later; and in 1847 he wedded Miss Elizabeth Clark, of this city. whose birth occurred in Weymouth, Medina county Ohio, April 22, 1827. She still survives and Dr. and Mrs. Clark constitute one of the most interesting couples in Ashland county. Dr. Clark is a stanch supporter of the republican party and, during; all his years of experiene under various administrations, he has never found cause to waive his political opinons and is as loyal to the candidates of his party today as when he cast his first, ballot. Ile belongs to the Ashland County Medical Society, and in 1907, was made an honorary member of the Ohio State Medical Society. were beyond value, and the community during the long years of his practice sufficient recommendation of his extended activities over that Iong lapse of time is man, and now, at usefulness and reputation as a professional man, and now, at his advanced age, he can look back over a life well spent in the alleviation of human suffering and enjoy the high measure of respect entertained for him as one of the best known and esteemed characters in Ashland county. ISAAC H. GOOD, The prominence to which Isaac H. Good has attained and the success he has won in the business world make his methods of interest in commercial circles and an analysis of his life shows that he possesses untiring energy, keen perception, honesty of purpose and a, genius for devising the right thing at the right time, joined to every-day common sense. Gradually he has worked his way upward in the business world until he is a prominent factor in mercantile and financial circlesin Ashland. While he has won prosperity it has not been along the goal for which he was striving, for he has not excluded himself from active participation in those movements which tend to uplift the political and legal status and further the intellectual and moral progress of the community. Lancaster, Pennsylvania, was the birthplace of Isaac. H. Good, his natal day being January 21, 1844. His parents, Isaac H. and Esther (Hurst) Good 290 - HISTORY OF ASHLAND COUNTY were also natives of Lancaster county, born in 1809 and 1816, respectively. The father devoted his life to general, agricultural pursuits, remaining for many years upon a farm in his native county. He was a stalwart republican in politics and for several years was .a member of the school board, in which connection he gave tangible proof of his interest in all questions of public education. Both he and his wife were members of the Mennonite church and in that faith the mother passed away at the age of thirty-eight years, while the death of Isaac II. Good occurred when he had reached the venerable age of eighty years. In their family were six children all of whom reached manhood and womanhood, while five are still living: Andrew, a resident of Lancaster, county, Pennsylvania; Isaac H., of this review; Elias, residing at South Bend, Indiana ; Hettie, the wife of John Honing, of Lancaster City, Pennsylvania and Tobias, also of Lancaster county, Pennsylvania. Reared under the parental roof, Isaac H. Good acquire his education in the public schools and in the State Normal College at Millersville. He began teaching in 1863, when nineteen years of age, following the profession for four terms in Lancaster county, after which he turned to mercantile interests, securing a clerkship in a country store at Gordonville, Lancaster county, Pennsylvania where the foundation of his successful business career was laid. After two and a half years there passed he was offered and accepted a position in a mercantile institution in Lancaster City, where he remained for five years, and in 1873 came to Ashland and engaged in business for himself, becoming the third menber of the firm of Brubaker, Kunkel & Good. Two years later the firm style was changed to Kunkel, Good & Miller, which partnership existed until 1881, when Mr. Miller withdrew and the business was continued under the frim style of Kunkel & Good. In 1903 the senior partner sold his interest to Mr. Sellers and since that time the firm has been Sellers & Good. They handle in extensive line of dry goods, notions and carpets, theirs being one of the leading mercantile enterprises of Ashland. Mr. Good's long experience well qualifies him for the successful conduct of the business, while his reliable methods have gained for him an unsullied reputation in commercial circles. Mr. Good has not confined his attention alone to mercantile lines, however, for in 1905 he was one of the chief promoters of the organization of the Ashland Bank & Savings Company, at which time he was chosen president of the institution. Notwithstanding the fact that it has had an existence of but four years, they have built up a large business and are today conducting one of the imporant financial concerns of the county. They pay interest on their savings accounts and carry on a general banking and exchange business, having already gained patrons to a number that makes theirs a most successful enterprise. In 1872 Mr. Good was married to Miss Louisa A. Ball, of Lancaster , Pennsylvania, a daughter of William and Elizabeth (Drepperd) Ball, both now deceased. Mrs. Good died in 1877 leaving three children, but only one is now living, Charles W., who is assistant manager of the Star Telephone company of Ashland, and who married Miss Eva Davis of Lodi. Ohio, In 1879 Mr. Good was again married, his second union being with Miss Harriet DeShong, of Ashland, a daughter of Peter and Aseneth (Bender) DeShong. The father came to this county from Lancaster county, Pennsylvania, and in his earlier HISTORY OF ASHLAND COUNTY - 291 years engaged in farming, while in later life he conducted mercantile interests in Ashland. Throughout the years of his residence here Mr. Good has taken a most helpful part in the work of public progress and improvement, and perhaps the influence and labors of no other man have been more effective or far-reaching. He has been it member of the Ashland Board of Trade since its organization and for the past five years has been the treasurer of this institution. He belongs to the Ashland school board, with which he has been connected for seven years, and educational interests have ever found in him a stalwart champion He is foremost in any movement tending to the upbuilding of the city,and to such men is due the prosperity and progressive condition of this beautiful little Ohio city. His political allegiance is given to the republican party but he never allows partisanship to stand before the general welfare: Almost a life-long member of the Methodist Episcopal church, for thirty-two consecutive years, he has been superintendent of the Sunday school and was recently reelected for the thirty-third year. He is likewise a member of the official board of the church and does all in his power to further the various church activities. In May, 1908, he served as a lay delegate from the north Ohio conference to the geneal conference held at Baltimore. In a review of his life it will be seen that he has been watchful of all of the details of his business and of all indication pointing toward prosperity, and thus his success has been well earned. But aside from the prominence he has attained in this connection, his personnal characteristics have given him a strong hold upon the affection and regart of his fellow townsmen. SAMUEL PIFER. Samuel Pifer is a worth and highly respected citizen of Orange township, where he was dorn November 3, 1840, his parents being Christian and Catherine (Garver) Pifer, who in the year 1836 came from Lancaster county, Pennsylvania, to Ohio. They traveled more than four hundred miles by wagon over roads that were often in poor condition, and at times almost impassable. There were few bridges and they encountered particular difficulty in fording the swollen streams, but after meeting many hardships enroute they finally reached their destination in safety and made a settlement at Savannah, Clear Creek township. The father was a weaver by trade and also engaged in farming to some extent, but his loom represented his chief occupation. While he never accumulated wealth he lived a life of industry and integrity, and thus merited and enjoyed the respect and confidence of those who knew him. He died in July, 1881, while his wife survived until August, 1895. In their family were eight children, six of whom were born ere the emigration westward. Samuel Pifer was the seventh in order of birth in that family. As the father was in limited financial circumstances the boys were put to work uponthe farm as soon as they were old enough to perform manual labor, and Samuel Pifer assisted in the work of the fields until eighteen years of age when he 292 - HISTORY OF ASHLAND COUNTY turned his attention to the carpenter's trade, which he followed until 1850 In that year attracted by the success of the gold hunters in Colorado he joined an expedition enroute for that country. After buying his outfit he had just seven dollars remaining, but he arranged with the promoter of the enterprise to share his gold findings for a partnership in the outfit. They traveled by train to Fort Leavenworth, Kansas, and then eight hundred miles ovenland to their destination in the Rocky mountains of Colorado. Passing through Denver then a straggling village containing about fifty sod houses, they at length reahed their destination, but found that they were not equipped with the tools and machinery for successful mining and very soon gave up work of that character. Mr. Pifer found employment with a gardener at sixteen dollars per mouth and his board, but a few months convinced him that Ashland county was a more advantageous place in which to earn a living and he decided to return taking the overland trail to Omaha, more than five hundred miles distant. On the way he and his companions encountered Indians, also saw buffaloes and all kinds of wild game, which added interest and excitement to the Journey. The great Platte valley was then a vast waste but a trip made over the same route in Denver in 1907 opened to Mr. Pifer a panorama of fine farms and a magnificent city of beautiful and stately homes, while the abandoned gold fields had in theinterim yielded millions. Following his return to Ohio, Mr. Pifer resumed work at the carpenter's trade and was thus busily employed until October, 1862, when he became a member of Company I, Forty-second Ohio Volunteer Infantry. He served for about one year in the Union army, was with Grant at the siege of Vicksburg and met all the hardships and experineces meted out to the soldier. He returned to private life much broken in health, yet was fortunate in never having been wounded or taken prisoner, although he had many narrow escapes. At the close of his military experience Mr. Pifer resumed work at the carpenter's trade and after a year took up farming which he followed in Orange township until his retirement, also working at intervals at carpentry, He has a well improved and valuable tract of land of fifty acres which he brought under a high state of cultivation and which is improved with the accessories and conveniences of a model farm. He was active in the labors of the fields until 1907, when he left the work on the farm to others and removed to Nankin feeling that the supervision of his farm gives him ample occupation. In January, 1865, Mr. Pifer was married to Miss Martha J. Laughery, a daughter of John and Elizabeth (Brandebery) Laughers', of Orange township, both of whom are now deceased. Six children were born of this union: Emory D. ; Charles D. ; Ora A,. the wife of George Johnson ; Rosetta, the wife of Charles Alexander; Gertrude and Nettie V., now the wife of Clifton Bailey. Mr. Pifer has always taken an active interest in public matters relating to tje welfare and progress of the community. He served the township as road supervisor and for a number of years was a member of the township board of education. He belongs to C. C. Ogden Post, No. 565, Grand Army of the Republic in which he has filled most all of the offices and frequently he attends the state and national encampments. In politics he is a republican and although in recent years he has not been active in the party works, he yet HISTORY OF ASHLAND COUNTY - 293 maintains that been interest in the success of that political organization which was the mainstay of the Union in the dark days of the Civil war and has always been the party of reform and progress. Mr. Pifer now enjoys a comfortable home in the village amid many friends whose confidence and respect he has in the highest degree. GEORGE CASSEL. George Cassel, a veteran of the Civil war, who was long identified with agricultural pursuits in Ashland county and is now living retired in enjoyment of rest which he has well carried and richly merits, was born in Orange township, this county, May 22, 1844, his parents being John and Margaret (Greiner) Cassel, both of whom were natives of Dauphin county, Pennsylvania, near Harrisburg. The father's birth occurred June 18, 1802, and in the place of his nativity he was reared and married, coming to Ohio about 1833 with his wife, three children and wife's parents. They drove across the country with wagons to Wayne county, Ohio. Mr. and Mrs. Cassel, however, remained for only about a year when they came to Ashland county, Mr. and Mrs. Greiner remaining in Wayne Bounty. John Cassel settled in Orange township in what was then Richland county, purchasing eighty acres of land to the development and cultivation of which he gave his attention until his death, which occurred April 27, 1851. His wife was born May 8, 1812 and after the death of her first husband was married in 1861 to Valentine Heifner. with whom she traveled life's journey for twenty years, when he too passed away. Her parents spent their last years in Wayne county, her father dying at the advanced age of eighty years, while her mother passed away at the age of seventy-five years. Mrs. Cassel also reached an old age, passing away in her ninetieth year, her death being occasioned by a fall. Amid rural surroundings George Cassel spent his youth on the home farm and acquired his education in the district schools. Owing, to his father's early death he started out in life on his own account. when in his fourteenth year, being employed as a farm hand while his labors went to the support of his Mother and her family. He watched with interest the progress of events that preceded the Civil War and in September, 1861, he offered his services to the government and was assigned to duty with Company C, Forty-second Ohio Infantry with which he served for three years. He participated in the battles of Middle Creek, Kentucky; Chickasaw Bluffs; Arkansas Post; Thompsons Hill, Mississippi Raymond, Mississippi; Champion, Mississippi ; Black River Bridge, Mississippi the geneal assault on Vicksburg; Jackson, Mississippi; and many minor engagements. During his three years' service he sustained only a slight scalp wound, although he was frequently on the firing line when the enemies' bullets fell thick and fast around him. In October, 1864, after more than three years spent in defense of the Union, he was honorably discharged and returned home. Mr. Cassel had previously worked to some extent at the carpenter's trade and he now took up carpentry and also purchased an interest in a thresking 294 - HISTORY OF ASHLAND COUNTY machine which he operated for two years. During that period he established a home of his own through his marriage on the 18th of January, 1866. to Miss Leah Shopbell of Orange township, Ashland county. Her parents were Jacob and Lydia Ann (Zigler) Shopbell, both natives of Berks county, PennsyIvania whence they came to Ashland county in 1833. Mrs. Shopbell's parents removed to this county at an early period in its development and established their home in Orange township. 'There were thirteen members in the Shopbell family and eight in the Zigler family. On their arrival they purchased a farm on which was a small log cabin, and it was a considerable problem to know where they would put all of the members of two families to sleep. Daniel Shopbell, the grandfather of Mrs. Cassel, was a veteran of the Revolutionary war and for, seven years fought for the independence of the country. Ile long lived to enjoy the fruits of liberty. He was a son of Eberhart Shopbell, who reached the venerable age of one hundred and four years, and who was in France during the time of the persecution of the Huguenots and saw his father and mother beheaded. He with eight others escaped in a small boat and were later picked up at sea by a vessel which, brought them to this country. Jacob Shopbell, the father of Mrs. Cassel, was a veteran of the war of 1812 and Mr. Cassel now had in his possession a powder horn which his father-in-law made the day before he started for the war and which he carried throughout his connection with the army. He too lived to a venerable age, passing away when in his ninety-sixth year. Following their marriage Mr. and Mrs. Cassel resided upon a rented farm for a year and in the succeeding year he purchased eighty acres of land which he continued to cultivate and improve for three years. He then removed to another residence but still remained in Orange township. There he conducted his farming and stock-dealing operations and also dealt extensively in farm lands, carrying on business with continued and gratifying successively in farm 1904, when he rented his farm and removed to Ashland where he is now living retired. He still owns valuable farm property in Orange township, however and from this derives a substantial annual income. In all of his agricultured interests he was very successful, both in the cultivation of the soil and in the raising of stock, as well as in the purchase and sale of the farm property, and as he prospered he gave a farm to each of his children. Unto Mr. and Mrs. Cassel were born three sons and two daughter. of whom four are yet living: George Arthur, a farmer of Orange township; Elza T., also following agricultural pursuits in Orange township; Catherine M., the wife of George Hiner of Ashland; and Margaret May, the wife of Thomas Reaser, also residing in Ashland. Always devoted to the welfare of his family. Mr.Cassel has found his greatest happiness in providing for the interests of his wife and children to whom he has been most generous. He maintain, pleasant relations with his old array comrades through his membership in Andrew Post No. 132, G. A. R., in which he has filled various offices and is now a past commander. His political allegiance is given to the republican party and for years he served on the board of elections, but otherwise he never desire to build office, preferring to give his undivided time and attention to his business affairs which, capably managed, brought to him signal success. He has never been HISTORY OF ASHLAND COUNTY - 295 unmindful of his religious duties, however, and has long served as one of the trustees of the Trinity Lutheran church, in which both he and his wife hold membership. DANIEL C. HILLER. Daniel C. Hiller is the owner of one hundred and sixty acres of fine farm land in Milton township Ashland county in which vicinity he has spent his entire life, his birth having occurred in Ashland county, March 11, 1849. His parents, Jacob and Hannah (Ohl) Hiller, were both natives of Pennsylvania, the former having been born in Lancaster, that state, in 1824, while the latter's birth occurred in Schuylkill county, Pennsylvania, in 1826. The paternal grandfather, Jacob Willer, Sr., came to Ohio in 1829 when his son, the father of Daniel C. hiller, was but five years of age. He settled in Ashland county, where he entered the northeast quarter of section 34, on which he erected his home and raised his family. When this property came into the possession of Mr. Hiller it was little more than a wilderness, but by dint of untiring energy and unfalt ring industry he cleared the ground and converted it into fertile fields that in turn yielded him rich harvests. The task of threshing at that time was indeed a crude and arduous one, for not yet had the modern agricultural rural implements for facilitating farm work been introduced into these regions, and Mr. Miller's first wheat was tread out by a horse and cleaned by the wind. This wheat he sold for forty cents per bushel and he took his pay out in trade. But with all the difficulties and obstacles of this comparatively uncivilized country to contend with, he presevered and at last his efforts were crowned with success. When Jacob Hiller, Jr., became of age, he married Hannah Ohl and started out in business life for himself, settling upon a tract of eighty acres of land given to him by his father, which constituted a half of his father's original farm. Here he bent his energies to cultivating, his fields and extending his possessions, and as the years passed he accumulated three hundred and eighteen acres of very choice land. He was a quiet man, preferring to devote his time and attention to his private business interests rather than enter actively into public affairs. He died in 1889 when sixty-five years of age. In his family were six children, Daniel C., Mrs. Vienna Saddler, Mrs. Lydia Hoover, Mrs. Lovina Hershey, John Franklin and Mrs. Emma J. Shamberger. The eldest of this family, Daniel C. Hiller, was reared on his father's farm and acquired his education at the district schools, his youthful days being divided between the duties of the schoolroom, the pleasures of the playground and the work of the fields. At the age of sixteen years, however, he turned his attention entirely to agricultural pursuits and since that time has been continuously engaged in this field of labor. He owns and operates a farm of one hundred and sixty acres, upon which he has lived since sixteen years of age, and the general appearance of this place speaks in unmistakable evidence of the thrift and progressiveness of the owner. He has not extended his efforts into other fields, but has confined himself to general farming, and in this line he has acquired most gratifying success. 296 - HISTORY OF ASHLAND COUNTY In the year 1883 Daniel C. Hiller was united in marriage to Miss Catherine Saddler, a daughter of Philip Saddler, and unto them have been born three children, Hannah E., Tracy C. and Ruth M. All of these children have had a good common school education, while the two eldest received the advantages offered by a normal course at Ashland College. Mr. Hiller belongs to the Lutheran church and also holds membership with the Gangers while he gives his political allegiance to the democratic party. Although interested in the general welfare and upbuilding of the community, Mr. Hiller, like his father and grandfather before him, has taken no active part in public affairs. preferring rather to concentrate his energies upon his own personal business, which carefully conducted, is proving a source of gratifying income. JAMES B. McADOO. After long and active connection with business affairs in Ashland county, James B. McAdoo is now living retired, merely giving his supervision to his farming interests in Sullivan township. Ile is a native of this township, his birth having occurred April 14, 1854, a son of William and Mary (Gordon) McAdoo, the former a. native of Washington county, Pennsylvania, while the latter claimed Harrison county, Ohio, as, the place of her birth, her oeioke removing to Ashland county when she was a little maiden of eleven years. The father came to Ashland county to visit a sister and being much pleased with the country decided to remain and to this end engaged in teaching a district school. He was a graduate of Bethany College in West Virginia. After being engaged in educational work for a time, William McAdoo learned the trade of a mill wright and built many of the first mills of Ashland county and others sections of the state. It was while engaged in the erection of a mill in Holmes county that he met with an accident which resulted in his death and his widow was thus left in limited financial circumstances with a family of small children dependent upon her. As above stated, she was but eleven years old at the time her parents removed from Harrison to Ashland county, the ,journey being made by wagon. The family home was established on the land which is now owned by our subject. Mrs. McAdoo was accorded liberal educational advantages during the period of her girlhood and youth and prior to her marriage she engaged in teaching. James B. McAdoo was but a young lad at the time of his father's death and as it was necessary that he assist his mother in the support of the family just a.s soon as old enough, his opportunity for attending school was very limited the greater part of his time and attention being given to the duties of the little home farm. However, his mother having had considerable experience as a teacher, proved of great assistance to him in study at home and in that way he acquired a good English education, so that at the age of eighteen years he entered the profession and for twenty-two years thereafter he was numbered among Ashland county's most. successful educators. In June, 1893, he abandoned the profession and engaged in merchandising in Sullivan, conducting a very successful enterprise for fifteen years. In the meantime he invested his HISTORY OF ASHLAND COUNTY - 299 capital in farm lands and is now living retired, merely giving supervision to his farming property, for in the years of his active connection with business affairs he so capably managed his interests as to acquire a competency that now supplies him with all the comforts and some of the luxuries of life. Mr McAdoo was married December 16, 1877, the lady of his choice being Miss Iris Irene Rickets, a daughter of John and Elizabeth (Shopbell) Rickets, who came to Ashland county from the Keystone state. The father was engaged in Farming throughout his active connection with business interests and now at the age of eighty-seven years he is enjoying good health, being a strong and vigorous man. The mother, however, is deceased, her death occuring May 2, 1902. The marriage of Mr. and Mrs. McAdoo has been blessed with five children but two of the number are deceased. William, the eldest, wedded Eva Eversole and operates the homestead farm. They have two sons, Harold and Marshall. Ethyl is still under the parental roof. Frank is a dental student at Western Reserve University of Cleveland. Politically Mr. McAdoo is a democrat, active in his support of the party and of all measures calculated to benefit the community. He has never been active as an office Seeker, however, preferring to do his duty as a private citizen. He is identified with Sullivan Lodge, No. 313, F. & A. M., in which he has filled all pf the chairs except that of master. He and his family are members of the Congregational church, of which Mr. McAdoois serving as a trustee, while as a Sunday school worker he has been a superintendent for about thirty years. In this way he keeps in constant touch with the young people as they grow up around him and exerts a wider influence upon the community than falls to the lot of most men. Mrs. McAdoo is also an active and helpful worker in both the church and Sunday school. Their home bears every evidence of education, refinement and genuine hospitality and Mr. McAdoo finds his greatest social enjoyment at his own fireside where his family and intimate friends know him to be a delightful companion. He has spent his entire life in Ashland county and is therefore well known to our readers. M. W. McCREADY. The growth of a city does not depend upon its machinery of government or even upon the men who fill its offices, but upon the enterprise and progressive spirit of the men who are controlling the veins, and arteries of trade and traffic. As one of the prominent business men of Ashland, M. W. McCready well deserves representation in this volume. He is proprietor of a hardware store which is the visible evidence of his life of well directed strength and energy. Born in Ohio, the place of his nativity was Vermillion township, Ashland county, and the day July 4, 1850. He, was one of the seven children of John and Sarah (Carter) McCready, natives of Washington county, Pennsylvania, and Ashland county, Ohio, respectively. Robert McCready, the great-grandfather of our subject, came to the United States in 1772 from Scotland, his native land, and