300 - CHAMPAIGN AND years of age, were not noted for anything save their quarrelsome disposition and huge muscular frames. It became a kind of fixed habit with them whenever they got into a crowd, to adopt some plan to get into a muss and get up a fight, in which one or more of the Foleys would engage, and almost always proved victors. There lived about this time on what is known as "McBeth's hill," a family named Wilkinson. In this family was a son named Thomas, who also was noted for his great muscular power, but not inclined to be quarrelsome. On hearing of the success of the Foleys, he sent them a challenge. During the harvest of 1819 the parties met at the house of Felix Rock. At dinner time the subject of their fighting qualities was discussed, and during the conversation Wilkinson agreed to fight. All four of the Foleys were present, and on being asked which of the four he wanted to fight, he replied, the best man they had. They accordingly repaired to the shade of a huge maple tree, yet standing in Esquire Kizer's yard, and at it they went. But little time served to show that Foley had met his match. His brothers discovering that they had waked up the wrong passenger, called out to Daniel (the brother's name) to strike Wilkinson an underhanded blow. This suggestion was taken by Wilkinson, and in due time improved. But a single blow and Foley fell across the root of the tree. Wilkinson attempted to follow up the advantage thus gained, but was prevented by the Foley brothers, one of whom, ( ) struck Wilkinson a hard blow. This being considered foul play, according to rules governing such pugilistic efforts in those days, William was duly informed by Wilkinson that the next time they met his turn would come. Daniel Foley was carried from that battle-ground a ruined man, and on the ninth day following died from the effects of the .fight. Wilkinson's avowal that he would whip Wm. Foley became a great topic, and the people looked forward to the event with as much anxiety as a certain class now look to regular prize-fighters. The following fall, at a corn-shucking at Jos. Longfellow's the parties again met, and, after supper, by mutual arrangement, entered into combat, which resulted in the defeat of Foley. Silas Johnson, whose name appears in the list of Madriver township, was instrumental in having Johnson township set off, and named for himself. At the first election for Justice of the Peace, LOGAN COUNTIES - 301 Silas Johnson and Joseph Kizer (father of Philip and Daniel Kizer) were the opposing candidates. Kizer beat Johnson some two or three votes, and this so insulted the dignity of Johnson that he left the township and went over into Adams and succeeded in getting that township named for his, son-in-law—Mr. Adams. In the first appraisement of houses, while a portion of Johnson was yet included in Concord, there were but three houses appraised, namely: Samson Talbott, Joseph Houk, and David Conner. Joseph Conner was at this time " House Appraiser," and Jacob Houk, Assessor. In the earlier settlement of the Madriver Valley, numerous Indian relics were found on the farm of James Johnson's heirs, indicating at one time a large Indian village. On the banks of Muddy creek, opposite the residence of Wm. Downs, was also the remains of an Indian village. Having now completed the early history of Concord township, we give below a list of leading business men: J. D. Powell, M. Arrowsmith, F. N. Barger, E. Wilson, D. Kizer, S. J. Packer, P. Talbott, Oliver Taylor, John Taylor, C. Journell, J. P. Neer, .1. M. McFarland; M. F. Pence, T. J. B. Hough, John Hesselgesser, M. W. Barger, L. Niles, P. Conner, J. T. Kite, T. R. Long, T. S. McFarland ( auctioneer), P. Baker, J. R. McFarland (civil engineer), J. D. Wilson, Levi Johnson, Robert Russel, G. Norman, J. C. Miller, D. EL Neer, J. W. Heath, P. Kizer, Willoughby Heath, Wm. Barger, R. Neer, M. Loudenback, N. D. McReynolds, A. Taylor, V. Russell. All of which is respectfully submitted. LOGAN COUNTIES - 303 "SPOTTY." BY WM. HUBBARD. Soon after the termination of the last war with England there came to the town of West Liberty an Irishman, James Ryan by name, who had been in the American service. He had a small amount of money, and some sort of a title to one hundred and sixty acres of land. He stopped at a tavern kept by one Clark, where he remained until he had squandered land and money, which he did in a short time, by excessive drinking. Thenceforward, for fifty years and more, he was a dweller in the county, and justly earned a place in the catalogue of "Eccentric Characters." Dickens would probably have made nothing of him, for Jimmy was not his style of heroes ; but to Sir Walter he would have bet n a treasure. His kindly, obliging nature when sober, his ready wit, his flow of spirits, his gossipy disposition, and vagrant habit of strolling from house to house, made him just the sort of a person out of whom the "Great Wizard of the North," would have fabricated one of his most admirable creations. Of the first fifteen years of Jimmy's life in Logan county, the writer can only speak from tradition. That he was often drunk, and when drunk was abusive, was always true of him, from firstto last. That he was frequently beaten, at least once tarred and feathered and once tied to a cart and dragged through the river, is certain. That he often slept in the wood, narrowly escaping death from exposure; that he had "hair-breadth escapes," many times, from his habit, when drunk, of mounting any horse he might see tied to a rack, and running him at reckless speed, are fade with which all were familiar forty years ago. LOGAN COUNTIES - 303 Among the earliest recollections of the writer is an incident that occurred at a wedding on Mad River in 1830. Jimmy was there, groggy, as was too often the case. Taking the rein from a gentleman who was leading a spirited bay mare, he mounted, and laying on the lash the animal was at full speed in a moment. Jimmy fell off behind, and was kicked while falling. He was terribly hurt, and picked up for dead. He bore through life the scars of this hurt on his face. When the writer first knew Jimmy Ryan there had grown up a kindly feeling for him in community, which shielded him from the violence to which he had been subjected during his first years in the county. It had come to be considered a base and cowardly deed to strike one who never made resistance, and whose worst fault was a malignant tongue when drunk, and this only on provocation. He had so many good qualities when sober, that he won the esteem of the generous settlers of the valley, and they took the most charitable view of his single fault. There was, in the beginning, a large emigration from Kentucky to Logan county. For the most part the people were "well-to-do" farmers, living in the midst of great abundance, and true to the characteristic hospitality of Kentuckians. Among these were the Newells, (four families,) the Kellys, the Bairds, the McBeths, the Walls, the McIlvains, the McDonalds, the Kirkwoods, Deice, Braden, Blair, and many others, whose names at this distance of time and place, the writer does not recall. At least as early as 1830, Jimmy Ryan was "on the circuit." He devised a plan of living without labor, and succeeded, though many wiser heads have failed in the same attempt. For a few days he remained at each farm-house, and then was off for the next. It came- o pass in time that he was looked for Confidently, welcomed cordially, and his visit made a 53 happy as heart could wish. Thus, for many long years, he visited alternately thirty or forty families. He made himself useful in his way. He shaved the farmer and cut his hair and that of his boys. He assisted the good wife to put her "piece in the loom ;" he carried in wood though he never cut or split it ; he brought water. If any one was sick, none was so vigilant, faithful and tender as Jimmy Ryan. Added to all, he was the liveliest of gossips. He never told anything that would cause disturbance ; but if there was a courtship on his circuit or a marriage impending he was sure to know it. He was an im- 304 - CHAMPAIGN AND portant personage among lovers. He was the bearer of tender messages, and many a marriage Was the fruit of Jimmy's diplomacy. He broke the ice for bashful swains, and truly interpreted the coy but willing maiden. He never seemed happier than when on this duty. He was rarely, if ever, drunk for more than a day at a time, and would stay sober for two three weeks. He was never heard to express sorrow for his intemperance; he never promised or tried to reform. He considered his spree a matter of course, and seemed not to regard it as a sin, or transgression of any sort. He never spoke of father, mother, brother, sister or any other relative, or even alluded to the place of his birth. Of his military service the writer never heard him make mention but once. The annual burning of the prairie east of the Mad River, a custom long since abandoned, was in progress. "Just such a fire as was made to defait the British," said he. This was as long ago as 1829 or 1830. How such a was could contribute to "defait the British," or where or when it was kindled. I have forgotten, if he explained. He never did any manual labor. He was probably incapable of out-door work. His hand was small and delicate as a woman's. One trait in his character, which contributed greatly to propitiate hospitable treatment, was his scrupulous cleanliness. His clothes were always second-hand ; but he darned them skillfully, and his white shirt was in keeping with his unsoiled coat, and carefully kept hat and boots. His soubriquet of "Spotty" was assumed by himself, in memory of a faithful dog, which he never forgot while he lived, though he survived the object of his regard for nearly two score years. W. have seen him with as many as ten or twelve dogs at his heels, and he the noisiest of all. The last time the writer saw Jimmy Ryan was perhaps in 1863. He was then an old man, beyond seventy, rather above the middle size, straight and well proportioned ; with a full head of hair and flowing beard, both white as the driven snow, cleanly and tidily dressed, he was altogether a venerable looking person. Calling us familiarly by name, he made the announcement to which he had long been accustomed, namely : "I am round making collections." We gave him the expected sum ungrudgingly, for to us, as a boy and man he had always had a kindly word. And now his life was approaching a melancholy close. One by one, and of late in rapid LOGAN COUNTIES - 305 succession his early friends and benefactors had been gathered to their fathers. "All, all were gone, the old familiar faces." The sons had grown up and married wives, and the daughters were wedded to husbands, who knew not Jimmy Ryan. New manners and customs had superseded the old. Everything had grown strange, and he felt that he had gradually but finally been deprived of his many homes. Besides all, he was infirm and nearly blind, and no longer able to journey from house to house, as in the pleasant days of yore. For him there remained only the Infirmary, and a quickly succeeding grave. Peace to his ashes. We do not know what such a life, so aimless and purposeless as that of Jimmy Ryan, is for. The universe has been described by the great poet of philosophy, as "a mighty maze, but not without a plan," and we may be sure that even the long and ;vagrant life of poor "Spotty" was not without its specific designs and uses. WM. HUBBARD. Napoleon, Ohio. REMINISCENCES OF THE BAR OF LOGAN COUNTY. BY HON. WM. LAWRENCE. A history of Logan County would he incomplete without at least a brief notice of the men who, while residing here, have been conspicuous at the bar, and in the councils of the State, and Nation. But full justice to any one of these is rather the work of the biographer, than the writer who merely sketches the history of the county. The time for an impartial biography is, as a general rule, not while men are living. It comes only when the record of a life is closed, and can be viewed in the light of past history, and when there is nothing of prejudice or jealousy to detract from deserved merit, or of Interested motive or bias of friendship to give more of praise than good qualities have earned. Among the members of the bar who were long residents of the county there are but few who have been " gathered to their fathers," and are therefore ready for the pen of impartial biography. There are some who were well known to the older citizens of the county, but alas ! I fear no one has gathered the historic materials to put in shape and preserve their memories as they deserve. Wm. Bayles, Anthony Casad, Hiram McCartney, Samuel Walker and H. M. Shelby, are names embalmed in the memory of our Court records, and fresh in the recollections of many citizens. They alone of all the Bellefontaine bar repose in that sleep which knows no waking. I knew all save Bayles, whose demise was chronicled nearly forty years ago. LOGAN COUNTIES - 307 The one man who, above all others, could write the history of these men best, is Wm. Hubbard, himself a native of Logan County, whose brilliant qualities as a writer are unsurpassed by any man I ever knew, but who withal has so much of modest diffidence that, like a giant sleeping, he is unconscious of his intellectual strength. I hope that leisure may come to him in the years near by, or to some one having a good measure of his talents, to save from oblivion something of the lives of these men. Mr. Casad came to the county at a very early day, and subsequently and very creditably filled the offices of Prosecuting Attorney, Representative in the Legislature and Probate Judge—several terms in each of these positions. He was a member of the Legislature in 1838, and voted in the face of a strong public opinion to repeal the Ohio fugitive slave law. He lived as he died, an honest man of kind heart, and had but few, if any, enemies. He VMS a devoted member of the Christian or Disciples' Church. McCartney was a lawyer of more than ordinary ability and great industry, and by these and his indomitable energy stood high at the bar. He was in advance of public opinion, being an abolitionist at a time when that was equivalent to political ostracism. At his death he left many manuscripts containing his opinions on subjects theological, moral, legal and political. I saw and read some of them, and they proved that he was a student and a thinker. Doubting or denying a future existence, he lived an honest life, a theoretical and practical philanthropist, and he died »bout 1842, with a stoical courage and adherence to his peculiar opinions. Samuel Walker, a contemporary of McCartney, was a lawyer for many years in Bellefontaine. He too was an abolitionist, of course sacrificing thereby any hope of official distinction. He was not a man of marked ability, but was a man of marked character for honesty and purity of life and purpose. A zealous member of the seceder Church, he .and Mr. McCartney, while agreeing in their political opinions, differed widely in their religious sentiments. In one of their religious controversies, McCartney insisted that the Bible justified slavery, which Walker disputed, and declared if that could be proved he would not believe the Bible. McCartney undertook the task, and among the manuscripts left at his death was one written to convince Walker of the position McCart- 408 - CHAMPAIGN AND ney had taken. The argument failed of its purpose, for Mr. Walker died as he had lived, not only an abolitionist, but a devoted member of his church. The argument of McCartney was only an evidence that a man of ability can often pervert the "Book of Books" to purposes for which it never was designed. Henry M. Shelby died at Bellefontaine in the spring of 1871. He was born and raised near Lewistown, in Logan County. He was admitted to the bar about the year 1841, and soon after made his residence in the tben territory of Iowa; where he practiced his profession, and also became a member of the Council, or higher branch of the Territorial Legislature. He resided in Iowa for many years, hut subsequently returned to Logan County. He did not seek political distinction here. He however took a somewhat prominent part in politics, and was one of tbe leading members of the Democratic party, which, in Logan County, has always been in the minority. He contributed political articles to the Democratic newspaper of the county for several years, and in this, as in his professional career, he evinced a very respectable degree of ability. He was courteous in his manners, kind and respectful to all, and an upright citizen. There were two lawyers who resided at DeGraff, and who practiced at the bar in Bellefontaine, both now deceased ; Isaac Smith, who died about 1866, and George H. Neiman, who died about 1870. Mr. Smith resided in the county some twenty years or more, though he only practiced law about the last half of that time. He was for many years a Justice of the Pelee. He secured and kept the confidence and esteem of the people generally, and was a prominent and useful citizen. He was a member of the Methodist Episcopal Church, and must have been about sixty years of age when he died. He was a native of Virginia, and a Republican in politics. Mr. Neiman was also a native of Virginia, and resided only a few years in this county,. He was esteemed as a good Citizen, and had acquired a good practice as a lawyer. These two are the only lawyers who resided and died in this county away from the county-seat. There have been several lawyers in practice here whet have removed to other places. One of these is Richard S. Canby, who was born in Warren County, Ohio, but when a small boy came LOGAN COUNTIES - 309 with his father, Dr. Joseph Canby, to reside on a farm near Quincy. Dr. Canby was one of the best known and highly esteemed citizens of the county, and he continued to reside at his homestead near Quincy until his death, about 1842. Appreciating the advantages of an education, he sent his son Richard to College, where he became one of the most finished scholars who ever resided in the county. With him the Latin classics were almost as familiar as the standard writers in his mother tongue, with which he was thoroughly versed. About the year 1830 he engaged in mercantile pursuits in Bellefontaine, in which he succeeded well. He studied law and was admitted to the bar about 1839. Soon after, he was elected Prosecuting Attorney of the county, which office he held for four years. In 1845 he was elected a member of the Legislature, and served one term, declining a reelection. In 1846, without seeking it, he was nominated as a candidate, and elected, as a Representative in Congress. He served one term, and declined re-election. He retired to a splendid farm he owned near Bellefontaine, where he resided some years, when he returned to Bellefontaine and engaged in business, conducting a flouring and oil mill. This did not meet his tastes and inclinations so well as his farm, where he could, as he did, superintend operations, and devote much of his time to reading, study and meditation. About the year 1860 he removed to Olney, Richland county, Illinois, and engaged in the law practice. A few years later he was, in a Democratic district politically opposed to him, elected Judge of the Circuit Court, which office he yet holds, and the duties of which he discharges with ability, and to the acceptance of the people and bar. He was at. intense student; so much so that he often neglected the dry details of the business of a law office and the law practice, which were not so congenial to his mind as was the study of law, literary, scientific and theological works. In religion he was and is a Swedenborgian, in the study of the doctrines and teachings of which Church he devoted much time and found great enjoyment. He is a man of much learning, a strong thinker, with very attractive, instructive and entertaining conversational powers and almost without any political ambition. The offices he held, came to him unsought. Few men have such rare powers of eloquence as he, and yet he so much preferred the quiet perusal of 310 - CHAMPAIGN AND books to the turmoil of debate that he did not seek it often, and indeed, generally shunned the opportunities offered for a display of his powers. He is not only eloquent but able. His speeches were generally carefully studied out, and he never engaged in debate without full preparation. It was thus, and with such preparation, that he proved his excellence. He was urged to furnish a sketch of his career, and di i so in the following brief note : "I came to the bar in 1839, and stuck out a shingle immediately thereafter. Participated actively, as you know, in the Presidential campaign of the year 1840, and was elected Prosecutrng Attorney, if my memory serves me, in 1842-3. "Became a member of the lower House in the Legislature of Ohio in the spring of 1845, and was elected to the 36th Congress in 1846. Shortly after my term in Congress expired, I relinquished public life for more congenial pursuits, and did not enter it again until compelled by the loss of all that I had earned, when I removed to Illinois, and recommenced the practice, and was elected Circuit Judge in 1869. Am still on the bench. " You know my history in Ohio as well as I know it myself, and in giving an account of the early members of the bar in Bellefontaine, all that you can say, in justice, in reference to one, is that if I had stuck to practice I might, in time, have made a respectable lawyer. R. S. CANBY." He did, and does, in fact, very thoroughly understand legal principles, and their application in practice. I now come to give a little more in detail though by no means fully the history of a man who for more than twenty-five years stood at the head of the Bar of Logan county, and who, during a portion of that time, was the leading lawyer in some of the adjacent counties—the Hon. Benjamin Stanton. I knew him longer, and have had better opportunities to know more of him than of any other lawyer in the county. Benjamin Stanton was born on Short creek, near Mt. Pleasant, Jefferson county, Ohio, June 4th, 1809. He was the only son and child of Elias Stanton and Martha, his wife, whose maiden name was Wilson. His parents were members of the Society of Friends, and possessed the quality of strict integrity, of thrift, hospitality and good citizenship, which have always distinguished the people of that religious faith. The parents died when their son was about two years of age, and LOGAN COUNTIES - 311 he, in consequence, was raised until about fifteen years of age by a paternal grandmother, who resided near Mt. Pleasant. At this age he went to reside with Amasa Lipsy, his uncle by marriage to his mother's sister, residing about one Mile from Mt. Pleasant, on a farm adjoining the old Short creek Meeting House. Here in this Quaker family he found the same sterling qualities which had made his home in infancy and his residence with his paternal grandmother, all alike a school of industry and good morals. The early training and example of those who so fortunately had the guardian care of the orphan boy doubtless left their impress on his mind and character in all the years of his after life. Soon after he went to reside with his uncle, an injury to his right heel occurred, which finally left him with a stiff ankle for life, and so disabled him in his capacity for speedy locomotion, though in all other respects having great physical capacity, that he was not considered able to farm. He was, when a little over seventeen years of age, apprenticed to a tailor to learn that respectable and useful calling. At this he served about two years, but, unaccustomed to the restraints which this business required, and the close application to its duties everywhere then exacted, much more than at this day, and not finding the new field of usefulness on which he had entered all in accord with his inclinations, he "retired in good order" before his time was out. It cannot be said that in this business he ever became a success. He inherited from his father some property, including alarm on Short creek, near Mt. Pleasant, and his means though not large had been carefully husbanded by unselfish relatives who cared more to prove their faith by works and labors of love, than to make professions unsupported by either. But at a time like that, and in a community where idleness did not make a gentleman, and where indolence shut out all from the pale of respectable society, Mr. Stanton did not fall back in inglorious ease to squander.the moderate means he had, but, in the winter of 1828-9 in the city of Wheeling, he pursued industriously the vocation which he had learned. In January, 1830, he was married to Nancy Davis, the daughter of a highly respectable farmer near Mt. Pleasant. Mr. Davis was a prominent member of and class leader in the Methodist Episcopal Church, and the members of his family were brought up in that faith. 312 - CHAMPAIGN AND As Mr. Stanton did not marry in the Society of Friends he ceased to have a birth-right membership, though in fact he had perhaps never claimed one as he might. He was fortunate in the selection of a most estimable lady for a wife, and through all the years since intervening, she has given to his home the endearments which only a good and Christian wife can give. She is one of those who knew all her duties and did them fully and well. Neither prosperity nor the honors of office to which her husband attained, ever made het unmindful of the humble. As a wife, mother, neighbor and member of society she is and always was in every position and relation worthy of all commendation. But this is a brief digression from the main object of this limited history. It is necessary to do justice to the sketch now attempted, and especially as a good wife performs a large part in securing for any husband all that ho is or can be. To return then to the narrative. At the time of his marriage Mr. Stanton was in the pursuit of his vocation, which he conducted some time thereafter, in part by his own labors, but devoting much of his time to the study of the law, which he had entered upon. originally as the law student of Samuel Stokely and Rowell Marsh of Steubenville, Ohio, then partners in the law practice, and two of the leading lawyers in that part of the State. The partnership was soon after dissolved, and Mr. Stanton finished his studies with Mr. Marsh, and was admitted to practice law by the Supreme Court at Steubenville, in October, 1833. During his boyhood he had the advantages of the good private schools, at that day well supported in the intelligent community in and around Mt. Pleasant. In these he became well versed in reading, writing, arithmetic, geography and English grammar. That was before the era of common schools and when Ohio could boast but few of the higher institutions of learning:. But to the credit of Jefferson county, and especially that part of it whore Mr. Stanton was born and reared, or rather to the people there residing, it should be said the schools of that period, supported as they were by private subscription for scholars sent, were of the best character for all ordinary branches of an education. That was a time, too, when teachers taught and scholars studied. There LOGAN COUNTIES - 313 were fewer attractions then than now, to divert the mind of young people from study. Though Mr. Stanton did not have a Collegiate education, yet he in a great degree supplied that useful advantage by his own application to study, and the perusal of such works of history, science and literature as a good community afforded: Though Mt. Pleasant was not a county seat,. it was one of the leading business towns of the eastern portion of the State. During the winter season it frequently, if not generally maintained a debating club, and in this, Mr. Stanton following the example of Henry Clay in his early life, was not only a leading and active spirit but excelled. Here he gave evidence of that talent for which he has since been so distinguished. In April, 1834, he removed to Bellefontaine, and commenced the practice of the law. Casad and McCartney were already here. Bellefontaine then had a population of probably 500 people. Ohio then had no completed line of Railroad. Logan county though longer settled and better improved than the counties on the east, north and west, was comparatively new. The farms were generally only partially cleared off. But with a bar few in numbers there was law business, and some of it of much importance. The east half of Logan county was in the Virginia Military District, and until titles became settled by long occupation, this was a fruitful field for land litigation. Mr. Stanton very soon acquired a good practice. For a time the older lawyer, McCartney, had the better practice, and was more successful than Mr. Stanton. But in lass than half a dozen years Mr. Stanton was the reading lawyer of the county. McCartney's health failed him, and he died a few years after. During the period commencing a short time after Mr. Stanton entered upon the practice here, or .certainly from the death of Mr. McCartney, and until Mr. Stanton left the county about 1866, he was engaged in most of the important litigations of the county, subject of course, to the exception that this was more or less interrupted by a service of eight years in Congress. During most of his residence here, he had a good practice in the neighboring counties. The Ohio Reports bear ample testimony that he had more than a full share of the business In the Supreme Court from this part of the State. 22 314 - CHAMPAIGN AND The business in the Courts of the United States from these counties was limited, but there, too, Mr. Stanton was conspicuous. An interesting little volume might be written to preserve incidents of the profession and practice in this region during the forty years past; but the materials for it are fast being lost, as one by one the older members of the bar depart. Ohio has had many able lawyers: But this part of the State has also had an able bar—not inferior to that of any other portion of the State. I will not speak of those who yet reside here, for the time for that has not yet come. But Sampson Mason, Charles Anthony, William A. Rogers, of Springfield, Israel Hamilton, Moses B. Corwin, John A. Corwin, of Urbana, Patrick G. Goode, of Sidney, William C. Lawrence, of Marysville, and others, all practiced law here. They are all dead, except Moses B. Corwin, who still lives at a very advanced age. They were all respectable as lawyers—several of them men of great intellect, and really profound lawyers. They were contemporaries of Stanton for many years. In this country many of the leading members of the bar become leaders, also, in the political arena. Stanton was no exception, for he, too, took a prominent and active part in politics. He was first elected Prosecuting Attorney for Logan county not long after he came here to reside. In October, 1841, he was elected to the Senate of the State. A special session was held in the summer of 1842, to district the State for Representatives in Congress. The Democratic party had a majority in the General Assembly of the State. They were about to pass through a bill so districting the State as to "gerrymander" it in the interest of the Democratic party, when, to prevent that consummation, most of the Whig members of the Senate, including Mr. Stanton, resigned, and thus the Senate was left without a quorum. The passage of the bill Was thereby defeated. Mr. Stanton was again nominated for the Senate, and again elected in October, 1842. The political contest of that year was one of the most severely contested ever witnessed in the State. But the Democratic party maintained their political ascendancy. As we look back from this day, it may well be doubted whether the resignation was the proper means of defeating even so unjust a bill as was pending when that event occurred ; but one thing is certain, in the excited political discussions of 1842, no one LOGAN COUNTIES - 315 of the resigning members made an abler defense of this course than did Mr. Stanton. On this subject Israel Hamilton, of Urbana, for a time United States District Attorney for Ohio, met. Mr. Stanton in debate in Bellefontaine, during the canvass. The contest was one of the ablest ever listened to by a Logan county audience. Mr. Hamilton was an able lawyer, and a man of great power. The discussion as often happens in such cases, made no converts for either side, but it seemed rather to confirm the friends of each political party in the positions they had taken. And if on that one question, as on some others, the old Whig party was wrong, Mr. Stanton, in the debate alluded to, did almost if not quite "make the worse appear the better cause." In April, 1850, Mr. Stanton was elected a delegate to the Ohio Constitutional Convention, which framed the Constitution of 1851. In October, 1850, he was elected a Representative in Congress. He was re-elected in 1854, and again in 1856, and again in 1858, after which he declined to be a candidate, having served eight years. He was, during the Thirty-fifth Congress, appointed one of the Regents of the Smithsonian Institution, and during the Thirty-eighth Congress he was Chairman of the Committee on Military Affairs. In 1862 he received the unsought nomination of Republican candidate for Lieutenant-Governor of Ohio, was elected on the same ticket with David Tod for Governor, and served two years. In 1860 he was prominently spoken of as a candidate .for the United States Senate, and for that position had the support of influential men, but the choice fell to Hon. John Sherman, who has since so long served in that capacity as to be known wherever the Senate is known. About 1866 Mr. Stanton determined to locate in West Virginia. The rebellion had closed, leaving that State with but a limited supply of " loyal lawyers." Since I prepared the last number of reminiscences of the bar of Logan County, I have procured a copy of the speech of Hon. B. Stanton at the Bar Meeting in Beilefontaine, on the occasion of the death of Hon. Anthony Cased. Judge Casad died at his residence in Bellefontaine, October 11, 1861. His disease was dyspepsia. I first saw him in May, 1836, when I was a boy on a visit to 316 - CHAMPAIGN AND Bellefontaine. On that occasion there was a trial held in the Court House, before Robert Patterson, then a Justice of the Peace. Hiram McCartney was attorney for the plaintiff, Benjamin Stanton for defendant, and Casad was a witness. I remember the appearance of the Justice, the counsel and the witnesses, all very well. It was among the few cases I had ever seen tried up to that time. I saw nothing more of any of the parties until July, 1841. From that time until his death I was well acquainted with Mr. Casad. No man ever had a kinder heart, or could more earnestly sympathize with misfortune or distress than could he. He was ever ready to lend a helping hand, and give an encouraging word to the young lawyer just entering in practice. On one occasion a young lawyer came to Bellefontaine to look at the town, with a view to locate here for practice. Casad took him to all the lawyers here, and introduced him as' a young brother, and among others he introduced him to Samuel Walker, one of the early lawyers here. "Well," said Walker to the young man, "my young friend, if you come here. to practice law I can tell you how it will be. You will be just like a young pig thrown into a pen with a lot of old hogs. If you throw a pig in that way, the old hogs will root it round, and root it round, until finally it grows up to be as big a hog as the rest of them, and then it can take its own part. And that will be the way with you." The young man concluded he would not locate here. But to return to Judge Casad. Mr. Stanton in his speech to the Court of Common Pleas, made October 28, 1861, has given so complete and so just an outline of Judge Casad, that I present it alike in justice to its author and his subject. The speech was as follows : May it Please Your Honor : I am directed by the meeting of the Bellefontaine Bar, held upon the occasion of the death of the Hon. Anthony Casad, late Judge of Probate for this County, to present to this Court at the present term, the proceedings and resolutions of that meeting, and to move that they be entered upon the Journals of the Court. Deeply as I deplore the occasion which chits for this last tribute LOGAN COUNTIES - 317 of respect to the memory of a departed friend, it affords me great pleasure to have the opportunity of thus publicly bearing testimony to his many virtues. The occasion will justify, if it does not require, some notices on the life and character of our deceased friend and brother. Judge Casad was born in the State of New Jersey, on the 10th day of March, A. D., 1802. His father, Aaron Casad, migrated to this State, and settled at Fairfield, in Greene County, in 1805. He had twelve children, of whom the deceased was the third. He was a mechanic, in moderate circumstances, and in the absence of Common Schools, and with the facilities for educating his children beyond his reach, Judge Casad grew to man's estate with only the rudest elements of a common English education. In 1823, at the age of 21, he entered the law office of the late Judge Crain, of Dayton, as a law student. To those who knew Judge Crain, it would be superfluous to say, that he was a man of a very high order of intellect, and of singular purity and simplicity of character. And I have always believed that these traits of character impressed themselves deeply upon the Mind of our departed friend and brother, at this early period of his life, and had much to do with forming his character and shaping his destiny in after life. He was admitted to the bar in 1826, and immediately came to Bellefontaine and settled for the .purpose of practicing his profession. He was literally destitute of means, and his income from his practice was necessarily very slender. On the 27th of December, 1827, he was married to Miss Orpah Williams, daughter of John Williams, then and until his death, some twenty years afterwards, a citizen of this town and county. Judge Casad's limited means and precarious income from his profession, rendered it necessary for him to devote a considerable portion of his time and attention to other pursuits. This prevented him from acquiring as large a store of professional learning as he otherwise might have done. In the fall of 1828 he attended the first Court held in Hancock County, and was appointed the first Prosecuting Attorney of the county. In 1834 he was elected Prosecuting Attorney of Logan County over the late Samuel Walker and myself, both of whom were candidates against him. 318 - CHAMPAIGN AND In 1838 he was elected Representative to the Ohio Legislature, and was re-elected in 1839. In 1851 he was again elected to the Ohio Legislature under the new Constitution, and served for two years. In 1857 he was elected Probate Judge of Logan County, and was re-elected in 1860, and held the office at the time of his death. This is a brief notice of his professional and political career. But any notice of the life of Judge Casad which omits his relation to the Church must be radically defective. He joined the Christian Church in 1842. But there was no organized Church in this town until the present one was organized, mainly through his influence and instrumentality. He was made an elder in this Church at its organization, and contributed largely by his influence, and his earnest and zealous labors, to its maintenance and support. He paid over $500 toward the erection of the Church building, and the contribution from others was obtained to a large extent from his active and energetic efforts. He died, on the 10th inst., a sincere, earnest and devoted Christian, with the most undoubting confidence of a glorious resurrection. Of his character, I can speak with entire confidence, from a very close and intimate acquaintance of nearly twenty-eight years. The leading feature of his character was his perfect sincerity, frankness, candor and uprightness in all the relations of life. He scorned and abhorred all duplicity, insincerity and double-dealing, whatever form or shape it might assume. He was magnanimous and disinterested, free from the petty jealousies and rivalries, which are so often the bane of professional and political life. His bright good nature, his ready wit, his joyous mirth, were the charm of the social circle. He had a keen appreciation of the ludicrous, and enjoyed, with a relish and a zest that is rarefy equaled, scenes of innocent and joyous mirth and glee. Many of the fondest and most dearly cherished recollections of my early professional life, are inseparably connected with my departed friend. And in all my intercourse with the world, in my professional and political career, I have never found a man of more simplicity and purity of character than Anthony Casad. I have never had a friend upon whose integrity, sincerity and fidelity I could rely, with more perfect and entire confidence, than he whose loss I now so deeply deplore. LOGAN COUNTIES - 319 Residing in the same village, practicing at the same bar, candidates in the same contests— sometimes in opposition, and sometimes on the same ticket, always upon terms of the closest intimacy, no shade of envy or rivalry ever marred our friendship, or distrusted our cordial and kindly relations. He was kind, humane and generous to a fault. Of his professional character I. can say in all sincerity, that although he was not a very learned or profound lawyer, yet he was a remarkably fluent and ready speaker. He was remarkably ready and quick in retort or repartee,' and the promptness and facility with which he could always avail himself of all his resources, made him frequently a formidable competitor. As a politician or statesman, he was always true to his convictions of right and duty. The only instance in which I now recollect of his taking a very prominent stand in the deliberations of the House of Representatives, in any question of much prominence, was upon the passage of the State law for the recapture of fugitive slaves. This was in 1838-9. There was a very strong current of public opinion in and out of the Legislature in its favor. A suspicion of abolitionism then, was much more fatal to a politician, than a suspicion of a treason is now. But Mr. Casad did not believe it was right. It was advocated by such men as John W. Andrews, of Columbus, with whom he was upon terms of close personal intimacy. But no influence could induce him to support it. He resisted it to the utmost almost alone, and of course unsuccessfully. In less than five years the wisdom of his course was vindicated by the repeal of the law. No man could be more amiable and estimable in his domestic relations. No woman had a more faithful; kind and affectionate husband than the widow who has survived him; and no children ever had a more indulgent or tender father, than the orphans who now mourn his loss. But the crowning "virtue of his life and character, was his sincere, zealous and unaffected piety. No suspicion of insincerity, no taint of hypocrisy ever rested upon him for a moment. The church with which he united was feeble in numbers and poor in pecuniary resources. He aided largely in building it up, by devoting to it time which he was'll able to spare, and money which he was ill able to afford. He could therefore hope for no professional ad- 320 - CHAMPAIGN AND vantages from his connection with the church. But the earnestness and zeal with which he devoted himself to his religious duties for the last ten years of his life, furnished conclusive evidence of his sincerity. He did not confine his efforts to his public official duties in church, but he availed hmself of all suitable and proper occasions to reclaim his fellow-men from the paths of vice and folly, and convert them to what he believed to be the true faith. I can bear testimony to his earnest and sincere appeals to me, in our private social intercourse, to prepare for that great hereafter to which we are all hastening. And whatever may be our destiny in that undiscovered country, from which no traveler returns, he, at least, has discharged his whole duty as a Christian friend and brother. But, above all, his calm, peaceful and triumphal death, in the full assurance of a blessed immortality, put all cavil and controversy at defiance. And now, may it please your Honor, having paid this last tribute to the memory of my departed friend and brother, I move that these resolutions be read and entered upon the Journals of the Court." KA-LOS-I-TAH. BY THOMAS HISBHARD. Very few the present readers of this book ever so much even as heard of Ka-los-i-tah ; not more than a dozen of them, perhaps, ever saw him. He was one of the doomed race who have no knowledge of God, save as He is seen in the clouds, or heard in the wind—an Indian of the Shawnee nation, who, about forty years ago, was more widely known in this quarter of Ohio than almost any of us are to-day. Ka-los-i-tah, as we understand from a recent conversation with Judge McColloch, of this place, must have been in the prime of his manhood about fifty years ago. We never saw him but once, and that was in our childhood—as far back, if we are not mistaken, as 1832 or 1833. Of course, our recollection of him is very faint. He was in West Liberty, on the occasion, and wrestled that day with one John Norris—a conceited saddler there. Whether he came to West Liberty expressly for this purpose, or of other business, we cannot say. If he came upon a banter from Norris, the temerity of the latter was appropriately rebuked by the issue of the affair. He was no more a match for Ka-los-i-tah than a poodle is for a mastiff. The contest—if such it may be called—was brief and decisive. With that irresistible "grape-vine twist" of his, Ka-los-i-tah snapped Norris' leg as if it had been a pipe-stem. He sank to the ground, and his friends interposing, cried out : "You have broken his leg, Ka-los-i-tah—you have broken his leg." "Leg must be rotten," said the imperturbable Indian. Norris was borne from the scene of his discomfiture with an im- 322 - CHAMPAIGN AND mensely curtailed opinion of himself. He never put himself upon his muscle afterward. We see him now, with our mind's eye, hobblingalong on his crutches, and this is our last recollection of him. Prior to this, Ka-los-i-tah had broken the legs of several other men who had contested his manhood in a similar way. Jo. Morris—whom we well knew in his lifetime—and Solomon G. Hoge—still living, and well known to a majority of our citizens —both claimed, and fairly, to have thrown Ka-los-i-tah upon his back. On this account, (although both Morris and Hoge were uncommonly strong and active men,) we were led to place too low an estimate upon the manhood of Ka-los-i-tah. We did not consider, for we did not know until recently, that when Ka-los-i-tah did his wrestling in these parts, he was upward or fifty years old, enfeebled by a long career of intemperance and actually drunk on every trial of his prowess. Judge McColloch of this place, relates to us that he first saw Ka - las-i-tah in the year 1816, at the treaty of St. Marys. The Governors of Ohio, Indiana and Michigan, met the remnants of the Western Tribes on this occasion, to treat with them upon matters of mutual interest and importance, and thousands of leading citizens were present from those States, as also from Kentucky. Ka-los-i-tah was there in the very zenith of his glorious prime. Considerably over six feet high, and weighing about two hundred pounds, he was yet as lithe as a tiger, and as strong as a bison. The Judge describes him to us, in brief, as the most perfect specimen of physical manhood that he ever looked upon, and he is confident that, at the time referred to, he could out run, out jump, or throw down any man in the Northwest--white, black or red. At a grand hopping match which occurred during the treaty, Ka-los-i-tah distanced all competitors by going nearly fifty feet. [Two hops and a jump.] Then it was arranged that one Tom Wilson—a noted wrestler—should wrestle with Ka-los-i-tah. On the eve of this Ka-los-i-tah insisted on making a bet with Judge McColloch that he would throw Wilson. The Judge was not inclined to take any risks in the premises, but finally consented to stake a checkered silk neck tie against a wrought silk belt several times its value, worn by the Indian. After holds were taken, Kalos-i-tah allowed his antagonist to do his utmost before making any LOGAN COUNTIES - 323 aggressive movement himself. In vain did Wilson bring every energy and every art he could command to his assistance. He could not even move the Indian from the tracks in which he had planted himself. "Now ME!" said Ka-los-i-tah at length, and he lifted Wilson up an I laid him upon the ground as if he were a child. A second trial proving but a repetition of the first, Wilson tossed up the sponge in despair. The Indian thinking, perhaps, that he had had too soft a thing of it, magnanimously returned the Judge his neck-tie. A stalwart negro—brought there by a party of gentlemen from Kentucky—was next pitted against Ka-los-i-tah. He was sanguine in the belief—as were also those who knew him—that he could down 'the big Indian,' or almost any other man above ground. This contest was not quite so unequal as the former one had been, bu t the inevitable "Now ME !" of Ka-los-i-tah, was again the signal of discomfiture to his antagonist, and down came the "culled cuss from Africa," all sprawling. Stung to the quick at being so summarily disposed of, he sprang to his feet and rushed upon Ka-losi-tah like a mad bull. But it was no use—the Indian was too much for him, and he was hurled to the ground again with a sounding thud. The darkey got up this time in a furious passion, and swore he could WHIP the Indian and would do it on the spot. Of course no fighting was permitted. Ka-los-i-tah has been gathered with his fathers we know not how many years, while all who ever saw him are growing few, and old, and far apart. Along with the memory of Ka-los-i-tah is associated in their minds that of friends and kindred "who once were with them and Now are not." The mention of his name will bring the light of "other days around them,"—glad, glorious days, from which so far their restless pulses have borne them. We confess to a fondness for the past—old friends, old scenes, old times. And some times we seem to catch the flashes of eyes that are but dust now ; and sometimes too, "when the wind down the river is fair," the echoes return to us of voices— "Sweet voices we heard in the days gone before." PIONEER HISTORY. BY JUDGE N. Z. M'COLLOCH. A more genial and fraternal citizenship and neighborhood never existed than were the early settlers of Logan County—ready and willing at all times to lend a helping hand in every case of necessity. Take for instance an illustration. When a stranger arrived in a given neighborhood, and it became necessary to build a log cabin and clear off a piece of ground and make the rails and fence it in, all hands turned out within from two to five miles distant and assisted the new corner to settle clown and become comfortable in his new home. Many of the gatherings of the early settlers at house-raisings, barn-raisings, rail-splittings, corn-shuckings, &c., were seasons of great joy and hilarity among all classes, and especially with the young people, (the girls and boys as they were called). The men working hard all day at the out-door work and the women picking wool, scutching flax, or quilting—all partaking of a hearty dinner and a supper of corn bread, venison, or wild turkey, coffee made from rye or wheat browned, or milk, and pumpkin pie, and then at early evening came the inevitable dance, four and eight-handed reels and jigs, which would be kept up to the music of the fiddle with little cessation, till near the "break of day" the next morning. In some neighborhoods it was not at all unusual to see several pairs of girls and boys comfortably ensconced in the corners with a silk or cotton handkerchief thrown over their heads indulging in whispers over their love affairs ; or it might be that a few couples would recline across the beds in the room indulging in similar (to them) delightful entertainments. Those practices and customs were of so frequent occurrence that LOGAN COUNTIES - 325 no one of course ever thought of any impropriety in, or indulged in any invidious remark upon, such innocent amusements. An incident which I will here relate occurred at one of the gatherings. Early in the spring of about the year 1813, many of the neighbors were collected at the residence of Robert Armstrong to cut the timber and split the rails to fence in his new ground. It was a raw, snowy, disagreeable day, and the people indulged freely in the use of newly distilled corn whisky. They had built a large log heap by placing two large poplar logs side by side and piling the top with smaller timber and setting fire to it. In a few hours the whole log heap was in full blaze, giving the space between the bottom logs the appearance of a red-hot arch in a burning brick kiln, more than two feet wide at the bottom, and twelve or fifteen feet long, situated on an inclined plane. Among others in the company was an Indian dressed in a buckskin hunting shirt, leggings and moccasins, with a cotton handkerchief tied around his head; was also pretty drunk, and passing along by the upper end of the burning log heap tripped his foot against a root, and plunged head foremost into the arch, and being unable to back out, and no one being near enough or having the presence of mind to draw him out, instantly, he passed through this fiery furnace to the opposite end, litterally scorched on the surface to a crackling. The poor fellow was taken up and cared for as well as the circumstances would allow, and strange as it may seem, got well from his injuries, but. in a most decrepit condition in his arms, legs, hands and feet. The most remarkable of all was that he did not lose his eyesight by the fire. Notwithstanding this melancholy occurrence with the "poor Indian," the young people indulged m their usual "hoe dons" and hilarity through the course of the night as though nothing had happened. The moral and religious tone of feeling among the citizens of those days in many parts of the county, could not be said to be pre-eminent, though a very kindly state of feeling prevailed amongst the people. The first religious service I now recollect of hearing, was held at the house of old Father Henry, by the Rev. Joshua Inskeep, a Methodist local preacher residing in the east part of the county. The people at this meeting were well-behaved and attentive. Father Inskeep continued to hold meetings and preach to the people in different parts of the county for several years in 326 - CHAMPAIGN AND succession, doing much good in the name of the divine Master among the people wherever he went. A few years later, the Rev. John Gutridge, a Baptist minister came and settled in the village of Zanesfield, and built up a prosperous church which was dedicated as "Tharp's Run Church." This was a place resorted to by many professing Christians from a distance as well as by the people of the surrounding neighborhood. Society began to assume a higher tone throughout the country, and several religious denominations established churches and schools in many parts of the county. EARLY RECOLLECTIONS OF NANCY STEWART. BY MRS. S. M. MOORS. The subject of this sketch was a half-blood Indian, born of a fair and beautiful white woman, who had been taken prisoner by the Indians in Virginia, when but a child nine years of age, while out gathering blackberries. Her name was Margaret Moot e. She was carried off by them to their home in the Indian country, far from any white settlement ; for according to history, the whole country between the great lakes and the Ohio was an unbroken wilderness, inhabited only by the red man and the beasts of the forest. She lived with them until she became the wife of one of their chiefs. (Blue Jacket, or Capt. John, I think he was called.) By him she had a son, whom she called Joseph. After the close of the French and Indian war with the colonies, there was an exchange of prisoners between the whites and Indians. Her husband, whom she said she dearly loved, permitted her to return to her people on a visit, on the promise of returning to him again, which she fully intended to do. He kept the boy, Joseph, the more fully to insure her return. But when among her friends, they positively refused to let her return to her Indian home. Nancy was born in Virginia, and never saw the face of an Indian except when she looked in a mirror, until they moved out to the State of Ohio, which was probably about the year 1804-5. She had married a man by the name of James Stewart. They settled on the Miami river, in what is now Logan county, a short distance be- 328 - CHAMPAIGN AND low Lewistown, on land now owned by John H. Moore. I well remember when she and her mother visited at my father's house when I was quite a child. There was a great contrast between mother and daughter. The mother was a handsome old lady of some sixty years or upwards. Nancy had decidedly Indian features, and was badly marked with small-pox. She had four children, Elizabeth, Henry, Margaret and John. Her Indian son Joseph came to see them about the time of the war of 1812. He was brought up by his father among the Indians, and was a pretty fair specimen of the aborigines of the wild woods—dressed in their style, with buckskin leggin and moccasins, a blanket belted around the waist, and silver brooch for fastening over the breast. He had been subjected to the cruel and barbarous custom of cutting the rim of the ear from top to bottom so as to hang apart from the ear, suspending a weight thereto for the purpose of making it distend as much as possible while healing. He had but one of his cut, for the reason, he said, that they could a have but one cut at time, as they could lay only on one side. Before his one ear got well, he got out of the notion of having the other cut. Ih is supposed that he fought with the British and Indians in the war of 1812, as he went away and never came back here again. Nancy's children never married. The family, James Stewart, grandmother Moore, Nancy and perhaps some of the children belonged to the Christian Church at what was called the Muddy Run Meeting House, on Madriver, below West Liberty, and there they were buried. BELLEFONTAINE FORTY YEARS AGO BY WILLIAM. HUBBARD. Though quite old enough for most purposes, the writer has not attained the years of a first rate reminiscent; Judge McColloch— whose mind is as clear as a bell and exact as a chronometer—can antedate me the Rill fourth of a century. He is an encyclopedia of local history ; and, without quitting his room, could write a volume of inestimable value from the resources of memory alone. He can narrate the story of Logan county from the beginning—"all of which he saw, and part of which he was." Not a field has been cleared, nor a house built of data so remote as to be beyond the pale of his recollection. His reminiscences of persons. of that peculiar class who seek the adventure and court the privation of life in the wilderness, would be of great interest now and hereafter. He knew Tullis and Powell, the proprietors of Bellefontaine ; he knew those rough characters, the Frakes', the Coopers, and the semi-barbarous denizens of the "Fallen Timber ;" he knew that remarkable man, Lewis Davis; and the weird and mysterious "Old Blaylock," and the heroic Simon Kenton. All of these characters, and many more, to the writer of this article, are merely traditionary. It was in October, 1832, that I came to Bellefontaine to learn the printer's trade, with Hiram B. Strother. The office was then in the second story of the old jail building, a room unnecessarily large, which had been used temporarily as a court mom, at some preceding time. The county offices, though not then occupied as such, had been in the western part of the building, on the same 23 330 - CHAMPAIGN AND floor with the printing office. We had scant and badly worn fonts of "small pica" and "bourgeois" type. The paper was about half the present size of the Examiner, and was printed on a wooden (Ramage) press, requiring two "pulls" to each side. The printers were Hiram Strother and David Robb, a youth of seventeen. The ink was put on the "forms" with "balls" made of buckskin and stuffed with wool. Young Robb beat a peculiar sort of tattoo on the typos with his "balls,' while Hiram, then in the flush of young manhood, joyous and hopeful, worked the press, and sung the "Star Spangled Banner." Robert A. McClure occupied one of the vacant offices as a paint shop. I was an earnest "Clay man," and McClure annoyed me by singing incessantly— "Hurrah for gallant Jackson, The British turned their backs on— He's ready still for action, Oh, Jackson is the boy!" When not singing. he whistled the hated air, shrilly as he only could whistle. When he learned that it annoyed me, he took mischievous and renewed delight in his favorite melody. He was an excellent man, whom I respected in after years, but as a boy I thought he was sadly deluded in his choice of a President. The "old Court-house" was then new. Indeed, it was unfinished. The scaffolding was still about the spire. George Shuffleton was the carpenter and contractor. The roof was then in progress of painting, and the workmen had precautionary ropes about their bodies to gard against the contingency of sliding. One Moses Boar ham (an honest, good fellow, known as Magnum Bonum) was one day painting, when the rope became detached from his body, and he began moving toward the perilous edge with alarming velocity. Fortunately the rope followed him, and he, caught it just in time to avert a catastrophe. Joseph R. Swan was presiding Judge of the circuit when the old Court house was new.% He 'had a great reputation, even in those early years ; and, save only Lawrence, none of his successors have possessed equal learning and ability. The home bar was then represented by Hiram McCartney, Anthony Cased, Wrn. Bayles, and Samuel Walker. McCartney was a dull, slow man, but had great energy, boundless ambition, and the most intense self-appreciation. He was an indifferent speaker, with an unpleasant lisp is LOGAN COUNTIES - 331 his utterance. But he surmounted all obstacles, and put himself at the head of the bar, a position he retained through life. Cased was a good advocate, and his hosts of friends supplied him with business. Bayles had the reputation of talent, but he made little avail of it. In personal appearance he resembled Tom Corwin as closely as Fielding Beddow did Michael. Walker was a Justice of the Peace, and did little in court. He was an Abolitionist, and an Anti-Mason, and, in religion, a Seceder. Of course, at that time he was unpopular. But he was an excellent man, whose memory the writer has much reason to venerate. The Springfield and Urbana bars were represented at every term, as, indeed, they continued to be for twenty subsequent years, by John H. James, Moses B. Corwin, Charles Anthony and Samson Mason from the beginning ; and afterward by Wm. A. Rogers and John A. Corwin. I recall General Mason, with that imperial and yet wholly natural dignity of his, which became him as a well-fitting garment ; a dignity might well be called a talent, and was a rhetorical if not a logical force; Colonel James, whose vast legal learning was fitly seconded by elegant language and admirable oratory ; Rogers, sitting with closed eyes, the most unobtrusive and unassuming man in the Court-room, and yet to one or another of his marvelous acquisitions; in many specialties of the law, deferred to by every member of the bar ; John A. Corwin, erratic, meteoric and transient, passing from human sight forever, even while men wondered at his brilliance. Of the lawyers, and they are many, who have since attained eminence at the same bar, and who are still living and in full practice, I shall not speak. Some youth, whose chin is not "rough and razorable," will, when he has become a gray-beard like myself, speak of them when he can do so without the imputation of invidiousness. The physicians forty years ago, strange to say, were Lord and Brown, who are yet living, and in practice. There may have been other physicians whom I do not remember. There were many afterward ; but these gentlemen early attained and have kept through that long lapse of years the utmost confidence of the people, in all the qualities that compose the trustworthy physician and the good citizen. The county officers, so far as I can remember, were as follows: 332 - CHAMPAIGN AND Clerk, N. Z. McCulloch ; Auditor, George Krouskop ; Treasurer, 'Thomas Armstrong ; Sheriff, Peter Kelley ; Recorder, B. B. Brown. Isaac S. Gardner kept a store in a two story frame building, where the Metropolitan now stands. R. S. Canby had a stock of goods in an old frame house, the end to the street, on a lot where he subsequently built a two story brick. Robert Casebolt and Walter Clement had a store in a brick building, where the " Logan House" now stands. The building was then on a hill, which, in the subsequent progress of the town, was cut down. " Jack Mays," then, or soon afterwards, kept a store in the brick corner, since known as the Lowe building. A two story frame then, and long afterward, stood on the corner where now is the Riddle and Ruten building. General Workman, I think, then kept a hotel there, which soon afterwards passed into the hands of Daniel C. Moore. "Bill Bull" kept a tavern in an old building, opposite the present stand of Capt. Miller. J. W. Earle ea Co.—the senior member a reserved and mysterious man, kept a grocery on the old Rhodes' corner, where the Lawrence and Watson building now stands. Robert Patterson, Esq., then lived in the brick row, south of the Court House. The building at the east of the lot, as also the frame adjoining, were built afterward. John W. Marquis lived on the lot now owned by Louis Holzer ; Thomas Coen lived in a two story frame on Main street, adjoining Gardner's store; Abraham Elder lived in a log house on the Leonard corner ; Mr. Hedges lived in a house standing where that of Mr. Shurr now is. I remember when his son, Henry E. Hedges, came home to spend his college vacation. He is now a distinguished lawyer of Circleville. Next door to Hedges lived William Cook ; and just across the street, in a small brick, Walter Clement. The adjoining row of frames was then in progress of erection. But it would be unprofitable, even if space did not forbid and memory fail, to specify all the residences of citizens. One noted place, however, must not be forgotten. In the property afterward awned by Michael Smith, Thomas Haines kept a tavern, widely known as the " Golden Lamb," from the fact that the sign bore, in gilt, the outward semblance of that emblem of innocence.— LOGAN COUNTIES - 333 But the tavern was anything else than a seminary of virtue, or a conservator of morals. Haines was a small man with a swarthy skin, and a dark, piercing eye. He was always carefully dressed, and painfully polite In conversation. He was a man of shrewd natural sense, but illiterate. I recall, without effort, the noted characters and leading citizens of town and country. Here is rough and rugged John Workman. He has the unfailing knack of seizing an offender by the windpipe, and there is no release from his grasp, until the. protruding tongue makes dumb appeal for deliverance. Here is good old Davy H , who has but one fault—a fondness for drink. He knows it is an excellent thing to have a giant's strength, but always feels that it is cruel to use it as a giant. He is the most peaceful of men. Once, however, we saw a bully twenty years his junior, provoke the old man beyond endurance, when, seizing the offender by the arms with those great hands of his, he dashed him to the earth, and getting astri le of hlm, shouted with characteristic vehemence, and repetition of utterance: " Eli ! Eli Eli ! Don't want to hurt you—don't want to hurt you !" And he didn't hurt him, releasing the bully uninjured in person, but woefully lowered in self-esteem. Hitched at a neighboring rack is Davy's wonderful bay stallion, Hector--a miracle of gentleness. No matter how intoxicated the old man becomes, he may safely mount his horse. Hector goes slowly as long as Davy sticks on; if Davy falls, Hector immediately stops until his master climbs into his saddle again—all the time talking, and the horse seeming to coin prebend.— Here is Isaac Clemens, one eye gouged out in a fight, a black and greasy patch over the sightless socket, giving him a most sinister look. Here is simple old Peter Watkins, with a strabismus which imparts to his countenance the most absurd expression that was ever won by mortal man. Tom Carpenter has only two drams ahead, and is not yet., particularly quarrelsome. Apart from the crowd, stands giant and gentle Tom Colvin, with a smile on his face, bare-headed, bare-footed, and his shirt collar thrown open.—It is but a little while since ho was insulted by the noted black-leg and rufflan, George Pennington ; but he kicked him with his bare feet, until the wretch begged mercy for God's sake. Hiram Strother, the soul of honor, glowing with kindness, and generous to a fault; good and gruff George Krouskop, with pipe in CHAMPAIGN AND - 334 mouth, wending his way to or from his office ; Jacob Krouskop, armed with his goad, driving his ox-team, loaded with sand or sugar wood ; N. Z. McColloch, up with the lark, and out in tine early morn, summer and winter, without coat or vest ; Tommy Armstrong, genial and kindly when you knew him, but with an austere and repellant look-; Isaac and Robert Gardner, behind the counter, busy weighing and measuring ; Samuel Newell, in plainest garb of homespun, shaking hands with everybody, and intent on keeping his seat in the Legislature ; ,Hiram McCartney, tall and erect, walking with a pre-occupied air to and from the Court House ; Tony Cased., chatting and laughing, with a joyous word for every one; Richard Canby, my especial wonder for the extent of his knowledge, and the easy and elegant flow of his conversation; Joe Newell, strange, brave and generous, with troops of friends; Joseph Black, who has not gained his mental equilibrium since the great tornado, and who turns white as the sheeted dead whenever a black cloud appears in the sky ; Dr. Brown, just returning on that bay horse of his, which, from youth to old age, knew not the luxury of being curried ; Dan Workman, with his handsome.and pleasant lace, telling his inimitable stories ; John B. Miller, saying witty things. d—ing "the brown business," and giving irnitafions of Forrest ; John Miller, (silversmith,) with only Samuel Walker at his back, proclaiming abolition in defiance of public sentiment ; David Robb, Sr., then an invalid, very gray, yet destined to nearly forty years of after life ; Robert Patterson, stately and reserved ; Dr. Lord, on his great bay mare, going to visit a patient in the country ; Henry Snyder, Walter Clement, good old Robert Casebolt, Aleck Spencer—and how many more? Memory is not only a " tomb searcher"—she is an enchantress as well. All these familiar forms and faces are present, distinct, vital and palpable to " the mind's eye." They come, as the poet has feigned that the soldiers of Napoleon come, " from the plains of Italy, from Syria's sands and Russia's snows, and gather in shadowy columns, at sound of reveille, for midnight review. Napoleon, Ohio. PIONEER- RECOLLECTIONS. Hull's Surrender at Detroit—The Last of Tecumseh. The Western Reserve Historical .Society, has printed the personal recollections of General George Sanderson, of Lancaster, 0: who died in that place, on the 26th of August last, in the seventy-fifth year of his age. Gen. Sanderson was a native of Pennsylvania, but with his parents removed to Lancaster in 1800, where he resided all his life. He published the Independent Times at Lancaster in 1810, and on the breaking out of the war in 1812, organized a company of 'volunteers for Col. Lewis Cass's regiment. General (then Captain,) Sanderson, was at the surrender of Detroit with his regiment, and with Harrison at the river Thames, as a Captain in the regular army. We make the following extracts from his recollections, in regard to two of the most interesting events of the war : HULL'S SURRENDER. It was late in May, 1812, when Gen. Hull arrived at our camp at Dayton, and Governor Meigs relinquished command. A few days after we were on the march for Detroit. The road was a difficult one to travel, but with the aid of efficient guides, and the protection of Divine Providence we arrived in safety at our destination, after much suffering and many stoppages on the way.—For nearly two months after our arrival, we engaged in the performance of no extraordinary military duty, the general routine of camp life being the order from day to day. En August. the British and Indians arrived, and soon after the scene occurred which produced such indignation at the time, and about which histories do not agree. My company, belonging to Cass's regi- 336 - CHAMPAIGN AND ment, was surrendered with all the Ohio volunteers, Miller's regulars, and a large force of militia. I shall never forget the scenes which then transpired. My opinion of Gen. Hull's conduct, formed at the time, (and events have not changed it,) was that Gen. Hull was an imbecile—not a traitor or a coward, but an imbecile, caused by the excessive use of ardent spirits. He was a constant, heavy drinker. On the day before the surrender, his son, Captain F. Hull, came among my men in a beastly state of intoxication.—On the day of the surrender I saw Gen. Hull frequently. His face about the chin and mouth was covered with tobacco juice, and I thought, in common with other officers, that the General was under the influence of liquor. His personal appearance indicated that he had been drinking. The General was surrounded in camp, with a military family, the members of which were fond of high living, wines, liquors, etc. I know how we poor volunteers wondered how they could keep up such luxuries. Our surgeon relieved my mind by informing me one day that Hull's officers drew all the liquors from the hospital stores, on continued complaints of illness, Hull's surgeon (one of the party,) certifying to the requisitions. When the news of the surrender was known to the troops, they were scarcely able to restrain their indignation. Hundreds of horrible oaths and threats ascended, which I hope have not been set down by the " Recording Angel." McArthur broke his sword, as did other officers. General Hull was repeatedly insulted to his face, and soon hid himself away. The members of his military family, especially the General's son Abraham, received some pretty tall abuse from us Ohioans. After the surrender, and before the enemy had Entered, many officers, myself among the number, implored Col. Findlay. to take command of the American forces, and resist the enemy, but he declined. Colonel James Miller was importuned the same as Findlay, but he was unwilling to take the responsibility, saying as near as I can recollect, " Matters have gone too far, but had General Hull signified to me his intention of surrendering, I would have assumed command, and defended the fort to the last." Miller would have done so, and so would. Me-Arthur had he been in the fort. Some little time after Hull had ordered the white flag, August 16, 1812, Col. Isaac Brock, the British commander, entered the LOGAN COUNTIES - 337 fort, attended by his staff and several Indian Chiefs. The American troops were ordered to the parade ground, and there piled up their muskets, swords, pistols, knives, cartridge-boxes, etc. A heavy guard was placed over us, and we were then sent to the " citadel," where we were kept until released on parole. Hull and the regular officers were sent to Quebec. I was very particular to have a good look at General Brock, as I had never before seen a British officer of his rank. He was a heavily built man, about six feet three inches in height, broad shoulders, large hips, and lame, walking with a cane. One of his eyes, the left one I think, was closed, and he was, withal, the ugliest officer I ever saw. He wore a bright, scarlet uniform, with a sash wrapped tight around his waist. When he came to our company, he said to me: " If your men attempt to escape, or complain of their treatment, I cannot be answerable for the consequences ; but if they remain quiet and orderly, they shall shortly be released, and no harm shall befall them. This was good news to my men, many of whom were afraid when they returned in a defenseless condition, the savages would be let loose after them. All the officers of Our army, who conversed with Brock, spoke of him as being a very courteous and agreeable gentleman, who had seen much service in India and the East. WHO KILLED TECUMSEH ? My company shared in the glorious route of Proctor and his proud army, that result being attained by the victory at the river Thames. It was on that memorable day, October 5th, 1813, that Tecumseh fell. I remember Tecumseh. I saw him a number of times before the war. He was a man of huge frame, powerfully built, and was about six feet two inches in height. I saw his body on the Thames battlefield before it was cold. Whether Colonel Johnson killed him or not, I cannot say. During the battle all was smoke, noise and confusion. Indeed, I never heard any one speak of Colonel Johnson's having killed Tecumseh, until years afterward. Johnson was a brave man and was badly wounded in the battle in a very painful part—the knuckles—and, I think, also in the body. He was carried past me on a litter. In the evening on the day of the battle, I was appointed by General Harrison to guard the Indian prisoners with my company. The location was near a swamp. As to the report of the Kentuckians having skinned 338 - CHAMPAIGN AND Tecumseh's body, I am personally cognizant that such was the fact. I have seen many contrary reports, but they are untrue. I saw the Kentucky troops in the very act of cutting the skin from the body of the chief. They would cut strips about half a foot in length and an inch and a half wide, which would stretch like gum elastic. I saw a piece two inches long, which, when it was dry, Could be stretched nearly a foot in length. That it was Tecumseh's body that was skinned, I have no doubt. I knew him.—Besides, the Indian prisoners under my charge continually pointed to his body, which lay close by, and uttered the most bewailing tries at his loss. By noon the day after the battle, the body could b artily be recognized, it had so thoroughly been skinned. My men covered it up with brush and logs, and it was probably eaten by wolves. Although many officers did not like the conduct of the Kentuckians, they dare not interfere. The troops from that State were infuriated at the massacre at the river Raisin, and their battle cry was " Remember the River Raisin." It was only with difficulty that the Indian prisoners could be guarded, so general was the disposition of the Kentuckians to massacre them. THE, PIONEERS. REMARKS BY DR. B. S. BROWN AT A MEETING OF THE PIONEER ASSOCIATION OF CHAMPAIGN AND LOGAN COUNTIES, IN 1871. Although I have been in Logan County more than fifty years, yet it can scarcely be said with propriety, that I am one of the Pioneers of this section of the country. My father removed to, and settled in Marmon's Bottom, in this county, in the year 1818 ; and although the greater part of the county was in its primitive condition, and wild animals of various kinds very plenty in all parts of it, yet several settlements had been established along the southern and central portions of the county, from ten to fifteen years previous to that time. The persons and families who formed those settlements, were the true and real pioneers of the county ; and to them (such as are left of them); are we to look for the detail of circumstances, and transactions, which would be of the greatest interest to a society of this kind. But changes are continually going on from year to year, all over the country, so much so, that in the space of thirty or forty years, our county, in many particulars, scarcely seems like the same county that length of time ago. And as these changes have taken place in almost every department of life, as in the customs and manners of society, the business transactions of the people generally, and as in the face and appearance of the country itself, it may not be uninteresting to mention some of these changes, which have taken place in some things since my first residence in the county. In the winter of 1820-21,1 had made an arrangement to go to one of the lower counties of the State of Mississippi to teach school. 340 - CHAMPAIGN AND How to get there, seemed to be the difficulty. We had here no railroads nor stage lines, and there were very few steamboats running on the river. I had been down to Cincinnati the previous fall to try to get a passage to New Orleans. but failed, and had to return back home, a considerable part of the way on foot. During the forepart of the winter I succeeded in making an arrangement with some flat boat flour traders, who were intending to go down out of the Scioto river, as soon as that stream would rise high enough to let them out. We had to wait till about the first of February, when we started from about eight miles above Chillicothe, with two flat boats, .loaded with about one thousand barrels of flour. We were on the river within a few days of three months. We sold out the greater part of the flour by retail at different towns and trading places along the Ohio and Mississippi before we reached New Orelans, at about $3.00 per barrel. When we arrived at the city we closed out what was left for $2.621 per bar.: rel by wholesale. This is mentioned to show the great .change of prices between that time and the present. And the owners made money by the trip;' for they had bought the wheat of which the flour was made for 25 cents per bushel. I remained in the South at that time about three years, when I received a letter from Ohio. I had to pay 25 cents postage, and if it could be discovered there were two pieces of paper (no matter how small) the price was 50 cents. It required about three weeks from the time the letter was mailed till I received it. Now to show the change—the contrast. I left Bellefontaine with my wife on Tuesday, 3rd of January last, staid over one day at Cincinnati, and arrived at our destination on Friday the 6th. Where we stopped was in one of the lowest counties of Mississippi, near the neighborhood where I taught school fifty years ago. As to the mails, while there this year; I received a letter, post marked at Bellefontaine, February 3rd,' which arrived at the Post-office where I received it, before daylight on the 6th. While on the subject of the change of prices, I will mention a little circumstance as an illustration. In the year 1825 I had an uncle—Moses Brown,—who moved from Louisiana into the neighborhood of Zanesfield, and being a farmer he wished to commence raising hogs as the other farmers there did. He was directed to a neighbor who had hogs to sell, and applied to him, to buy a sow LOGAN COUNTIES - 341 and pigs ; one was selected which was agreed upon by both, but no price fixed upon till he should come and take her home. After a few days he went to get her and the owner was not at home, but he had left word with his wife, that if my uncle came, for him to take her along and he would see him at some other time. He took her home; she was young, but had six nice pigs. Some days after, my uncle saw him, and told him he wished to pay for the purchase, and asked him the price. He replied that he did not know exactly what it ought to be, but he thought about seventy-five cents or a dollar would be about right ; that seventy-five cents would do ; and that was the price paid, and fixed by the owner himself. The very low price so surprised the purchaser that he made some inquiries of the neighbors as to the matter, who told him that was about a common, fair price. Now to show the great difference in price, between the products of our county and imported articles at that time ; I will mention that my uncle brought with him several bags of coffee from New Orleans, which he had taken in part payment for what he had sold out in Louisiana. This coffee he retailed at 37f cent p per pound ; so the price of two pounds of coffee paid for the sow and pigs. The retail price of coffee in the stores in the county at that time was forty cents a pound. Perhaps as great benefits have been derived to our section of the country, (in regard to prices of home and imported articles) from the introduction of railroads. They have very materially increased the prices of our home products and cheapened the prices of imported articles —especially heavy ones, such as salt, iron, &c.—so much so as to be a very material advantage to the country. Notwithstanding this, there are, have been, and will be some non-progressive farmers, and others in the country who oppose all such improvements as railroads and free turnpikes as oppressive innovations, especially in the land owning farmers. As an illustration I will mention a conversation I had with a rich farmer of the county, a short time after the completion of the railroad through the county. He contended that though it might be, and probably was a benefit to the merchants, as it gave them a better chance to impose upon their customers, yet it would be an injury to the farmers, because it would reduce the price of horses so much that they would not be worth raising, as none would be needed to haul our grain, and other surplus products to the lake or other places of market. He urged this and other arguments so strongly that I could only answer them by 342 - CHAMPAIGN AND the Yankee plan of asking questions. I ascertained that he at that time had brought in a load of wheat for sale, and that he was to take some barrels of salt in part payment for the wheat. So I asked him how many bushels of wheat he had to give for a barrel of salt ? He answered in rather a complaining manner, that wheat was a dollar a bushel but they made him give two bushels for a barrel of salt, when he well knew that salt ought to be but $1 871 per barrel. I then asked him if he remembered of ever bringing wheat to Bellefontaine and trading it for salt before we had any railroads ? Ho replied that he did recollect of doing it once that far back. The next, question I asked was : "How many bushels of wheat did you then have to give for a barrel of salt ?" His answer was short, and to the point, and ended the subject : it was nine bushels. In fact the time has been here when it would require more than a dozen bushels of wheat to purchase a barrel of salt. As great a change as has taken place in the business transactions of our part of the country within forty or fifty years, has been in regard to the manner of getting our surplus produce out of the country to market for the purpose of bringing money, and such necessary articles of merchandise as we must have. At an early period, in fact about the only article we had in the country for that purpose (except coon and deer skin), was hogs. These were collected in droves, and driven, generally to Detroit, or some other lake port, or town in Michigan, and there sold for whatever price could be got for them, which was generally very low. And the prices here, of course had to be somewhat regulated by the prices there. These droves had to be driven the greater part of the way through the woods, with a narrow road cut out through the dense forest, about wide enough for a single wagon track. It generally required from three to five or six weeks to drive and dispose of a drove in this way. At a later period, the farmers having got mare ground cleared, began to raise more wheat than was necessary for the consumption of the country. The question then was to find a market for the surplus. The most of it was hauled in wagons a distance of one hundred and twenty miles to Sandusky on the lake shore. The road was very bad, either mud or corduroy pole bridges a great part of the way, and it required from two to three weeks to make the trip there and back. The wagons- LOGAN COUNTIES - 343 generally same back loaded with salt, or other heavy articles. The customary price for hauling the salt in here, was generally regulated by what it cost out there, and persons who had n at wheat to sell would often send the money by the teamsters to buy the salt and the price of hauling would be just what was paid for it in money out there and so it would be divided half and half between the persons who sent the money and the one who hauled it in. In hauling their wheat out there it was generally the case that several wagons (half a dozen or more) would go together and they all would have to take their provision with them, both for themselves and their teams, and to "camp out" in the woods at night, both going and coming ; because if they would get their meals, and horse feed of the few taverns along the way, the cost would be more than they would get for their whole load of wheat. And it was not uncommon for some economical persons to make the "round trip" without paying out a single dime for provisions the whole way. 344 - CHAMPAIGN AND AN OLD BURYING GROUND, On the brow of a hill, about one-half mile north of what was once "Taylor's Mill," (now Beatty's mill) in Salem Township, Champaign County, Ohio, there has lately been discovered an ancient burying-ground. Some years ago there was a county road located east and west on the section line, between sections fifteen and sixteen, town five of range twelve, and the workmen, when opening that mad discovered a few human bones at the hill, about twenty rods .vest of the centre of the section line. There was, however, but little attention given to the circumstance at that time. Two years ago there was a free turnpike constructed from the centre of the line between sections fifteen and sixteen, which road runs from the beginning, south through the village of Kingston. For the purpose of getting ground for the making of this turnpike, it was necessary to make a large excavation in the hill before mentioned, and in doing so, great quantities of human bones were discovered. These remains appear, very plainly, to have been deposited in trenches, or ditches ; and these trenches are situated parallel to each other, at a distance of about ten feet apart, and extend due north and south. Their length is not known, as they have not been explored further than the necessary excavations for ground. The bodies have been placed in these trenches with their heads to the South, and the feet to the North ; in this position they have all been found. They appear to have all been deposited there at the same time, and to have been placed there indiscriminately, the old and the young, great and small, male and female piled on top of each other, Without any kind of order or regularity, except their position which is invariably north and south. There has not been found any implements of war, or mechanical tools of any kind. The country here has been settled by the whites seventy years, yet the existence of this burying place was not known until recently, nor did the Indians give the first settler any information on the subject ; they probably knew nothing LOGAN COUNTIES - 345 of it. The situation is one of the most beautiful on the face of the earth ; for miles on the east, south and west lies the extensive valley of King's-creek, which has no equal for beauty and fertility, and through its centre flows the creek, a large, never-failing stream of clear, cool, pure water. There is no history, either written or traditional, of the life, manners, customs or doings of that generation or race of human beings, save their mouldering remains. A thousand years hence may not the same obscurity rest upon the history of the present generation? OUR SOLDIER BROTHERS. PAPER BY MRS. SALLIE MOORE. About the time of the war 1812, a company of young men was organized in Champaign and Logan Counties, by Capt. Alexander Black. They were an independent company of Home Guards, or minute men, and were called the rifle company, cach man being armed with a good trusty rifle gun, shot-pouch, and powder-horn, bullet-moulds, gun-flints, &c. Each one furnished their own ammunition, and were expected to hold themselves in readiness at a minute's warning for any emergency ; we at that time being the frontier settlement on flit) north, and exposed to danger from the Indians who might be prowling about in the neighborhood. THE UNIFORM of the company consisted of a black hunting shirt, trimmed or fringed with white all round the body, made as a loose coat or wrapper reaching a little above the knees, and open in front and fringed, then a large circular cape with collar fastening all together at the neck. They were usually made of home-made linen about one and one-half inches wide, and sewing it on the garment and then raveling it out about half the width. Then a stout 24 346 - CHAMPAIGN AND leather belt with large buckle in front, or some have a white belt, white pants and stockings. Tbe hat was like one now in fashion, high crown with narrow rim. Each man had a white plume fastened to the left side (I think) of his hat. The feather was made by skillfully adjusting the white feathers of a goose, around a ratan or a stick long enough to reach to the top of the hat, carefully and firmly wrapping them with thread, and on the top was a tuft of red feathers, a bit of scarlet cloth, or the scalp of the red-headed wood-pecker. The company were called together three or four times a year for muster or company drill, and you may be assured their mothers and sisters, their wives and sweethearts, were proud of them when they saw them dressed up in their uniform and marching under their gallant captain. They were never called out to active service however. But there was a company of men who were called rangers, that were stationed at Manarie's Block-house, whose duty it was to range the country as spies. This fort or block-house was situated on the land of Col. James McPherson, near where the county house now stands. VANCE'S BLOCK-HOUSE was situated on an eminence, a short distance north of Logansville. Some of our young friends may be ready to inquire, what sort of a thing is a blockhouse! Well, it was not built of the blocks that fall from the carpenter's bench which our little four-year-olds like to build on mamma's carpet, but they were built with huge logs but so compactly fitted together, as to withstand the shots of an enemy without, with port holes for the inmates to shower the deadly bullets from within. Thus lived the pioneer settlers of our now populous and wealthy country. But few, if any remain of the rifle company, to join with us in our pioneer meeting to-day, and we hope they are enjoying a more peaceful home in that better land. FIFTY YEARS AGO. Sabbath-School at Mt. Tabor. BY THOMAS COWGILL, M. D. I attended the Sabbath-school Picnic at Mt. Tabor on the 21st of July. I am willing to offer some thoughts which occupied my mind during that pleasant day, spent in commemoration of the Sabbath-school cause. It may be of some interest to my friends at Mt. Tabor. The first Sabbath-school I ever attended was at Mt. Tabor in the summer of 1821, if I remember right. I was then about nine years old, and the first school I attended, I repeated eight verses of the 2d chapter of Acts, which reads as follows : "And when the day of Pentecost was fully come, they were all with one accord in one place," &c. The order of the school was nearly the same as at present in Sabbath-school. The scholars were expected to commit to memory during the week as many verses as they were able, and recite them on the Sabbath, and then read the Testament in classes, as at present. Asking Scripture questions of the scholars. I believe, was not then practiced. The pillars of the Church then at Mt. Tabor seemed to be Griffith Evans, Nathaniel Hunter, Samuel Scott, Thomas Humphreys, William Hopkins, and a number of younger men and perhaps other old men that I do not now remember. Nathaniel Hunter was then Superintendent of the Sabbath-school, assisted by several others in teaching—old and young, male and female. I believe the persons above named were among the first settlers at 348 - CHAMPAIGN AND Mt. Tabor and many of the descendants or most of them yet reside in that neighborhood. The Sabbath-school was very largely .attended by the people of the neighborhood, old and young, and was held in a log cabin meeting-house, which stood about where the brick church now stands. A few graves were there inclosed by a common rail fence. Some of the scholars recited very large portions of Scripture. Among others prominent in the school Dr. Samuel A. Latta, deceased,late of Cincinnati, his brothers James and William, and his sisters Mary and Sarah, were regular attendants. At the close of the exercises of each school, the Superintendent or some other person would read the number of verses repeated by each scholar. At one time he read—"Mary Latta, 263 verses." She stated that 100, verses had been omitted, as she had repeated 363 verses; and upon counting it was found that she had repeated 363 verses, or about nine chapters, and all said to have been committed to memory in one week. Her memory was about equal to that of Geo. D. Prentiss. When I remember gill The friends thus linked together, I've seen around me fall Like leaves in wintry weather, I feel like one Who treads alone Some banquet hall deserted. In all that large assembly at Mt. Tabor on the 21st ult., I believe Wm. Scott and myself were the only representatives of the Sabbath-school held at that consecrated place forty-nine years ago. The remains of many members of that school, both teachers and scholars, now lie buried in the grave-yard at Mt. Tabor. WESTERN PIONEER ASSOCIATION. Relics Exhibited. A china cup and saucer exhibited by Mrs. H. J. Chesher, Middleburg, which General Washington drank from at the house of her great-grandfather, just before the battle of Brandywine A facsimile of the accounts of George Washington with the United States Government from 1775 to 1783, presented by Mr Gross, for which the association tendered the donor a vote o' thanks. Copy-book of the late Ebenezer McDonald, 1811, very plainly written. A sugar-breaker imported from Europe 200 year since by N. Merriweather's grandmother. Mrs. S. Taylor exhibited a china cream pitcher ninety years old; also a looking-glass brought from Ireland in '1776 by William and Elizabeth Colt The frame was made twenty-two years ago by the late Isaac Williams, of Zanesfield ; also a Bible eighty-five years old ; also sugar tongs forty-one years old ; a pocket-book ninety-six years old made by her grandmother, Mrs. Pim. A paper profile of he: grandfather was next exhibited which was cut at Richmond, Va. during the trial of Burr ; an antique watch one hundred year old brought from Ireland, formerly the property of William an Israel Pim ; also a shoe-shaped black ink-stand, which was use at the signing of the Declaration of Independence, and belonging to Thomas Savery. It is now the property of Rachel Pim. I has two ink bowls and pen holes ; is about four inches long and sharp at the toe. The ancestors of the Pim family came eve with William Penn, and is one of the oldest families in the State A mirror from Ireland 150 years old was next shown. The Presi dent here remarked concerning its fine preservation that it was an