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ourselves, our heirs, executors and administrators firmly by these presents and sealed with our seals and dated this 10th-day of October, 1809.

The condition of this obligation is such that if the above, Thos. Stretch and Wm. Stretch or his attorney do, and shall in all things well and truly observe and perform and faithfully and impartially act, which on the part of them the said Thos. Stretch, Constable for the above mentioned township and county, in the time, manner and way the law directs during the time he shall remain in office; then this obligation will to be void and of no effect, otherwise to remain in legal force.

THOS. STRETCH,

W M. STRETCH.

DISPOSITION OF SCHOOL LANDS.

One of the old township records presents some interesting facts concerning the school sections. Every sixteenth section of land was set aside for school purposes and it was the duty of the township trustees to take charge of this land. In the case of Mad River township the school land was rented to various parties for a number of years. The old record shows that George Stonebarger was the first renter to lease a part of section 16, township 4, range 11—the only school section in the township. His lease extended the legal limit of fifteen years. He was to clear a certain amount of land, keep it under cultivation, plant so many apple trees, sow so much timothy and clover seed and in other ways perform certain acts as specified by law.

EARLY CONFUSION IN BOUNDARIES.

As has been stated the township began its legal existence in 1811 and before that time had been attached to Mad River. Local historians in writing of the township in former years seemed to have confused the original Concord township with the township as it is today. It must be remembered that the township included nearly all of Johnson and part of Adams between 1811 and 1817, and that from 1805 to 1811 it was a part of Mad River township. Many of the officials listed by local historians as belonging to Concord township, were, it is true, residents of the present Concord, but the territory now composing the township was a part of Mad River. For instance, the Stretch brothers, whose bond has been given, lived in what is now Concord township, but they were officials of Mad River township and not Concord township. The late T. S. McFarland in his historical monographs on Concord township names a group of officers of Concord who were in office prior to 1811, and this means that they were elected for Mad River, since Concord had no officials of its own until after 1811.

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To quote from T. S. McFarland : "Caleb Carter and Isaac Anderson were the first trustees of the township. John Clark's name also appears as one of the early trustees of the township. George Mahin's and Joseph Hill's names appear as witnesses in connection with the leasing of school lands. Also Daniel and Charles Rector were among the prominent men of their day. James Montgomery, we believe, was a Methodist minister and an associate of the Rectors. John Kain entered the first record of the stock mark, July 13, 1805. Kain lived then on what is known as the Strother Smith farm in Jackson township, in the identical house in which the writer's grandfather died in 1811. This same house is now [written in 1881] occupied by William Kesslar and the chimney still bears the marks of an earthquake which took place in December, 1811. Elijah Weaver was among the early officers of the township, with William Weaver and Joseph Diltz as his securities."

It is evident that all of the officers mentioned by McFarland in the preceding paragraph were elected for Mad River township. The records of Concord after it began its independent career in 1811 have been searched with a scrutinizing eye by the township's historian, McFarland, and there are few facts worthy of perpetuation which have escaped his keen eye. It is safe to say that no township in the county has had more written about it than Concord, and certainly a greater fund of miscellaneous facts concerning its early settlers have been preserved than of any other township in the county.

THE COMING OF THE M'FARLANDS.

Robert McFarland, the father of Thomas Sims McFarland, was a native of Rockbridge county, Virginia, and was taken by his parents when still a child to Tennessee and shortly afterwards to Kentucky. In 1807 Robert McFarland came to Champaign county to make a permanent location, a prospecting trip with Martin Hitt and Joseph Diltz during the year previous having convinced the young man that the county was a suitable place in which to settle. The impelling reason for McFarland's leaving Kentucky was his intense hatred of slavery. In October, 1807, the McFarland family arrived in the county and stopped for a short time in the northern part of the present Union township. They unloaded their goods by an oak log on Tuesday and by Friday they were ready to move into their rude cabin, although the floor was but partly laid and the roof not yet in place. Their beds were the rudest sort, built out from the wall, the one corner being nothing more than a forked stake securely driven into the ground. In this cabin William

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McFarland and his family and Joseph Gray, his father-in4aw, lived from October until the following spring. They then moved to Salem ,township on a tract about half way between Urbana and West Liberty. Still later the two families located about two and one-half miles southeast of Westville in Mad River township.

Robert McFarland bought the farm of Henry Bacome and this became the McFarland homestead for more than a century. It had joined the old Concord chapel in Concord township. In the winter of 1811-12 Robert McFarland built a cabin on his newly-acquired farm and in April, 1812, moved into his new home.

ATROCIOUS DEED OF REDSKINS.

Or the farm on which McFarland moved in the spring of 1812 there was probably the best preserved Indian village standing at that time in the county. About two hundred yards west and south of Concord chapel was a deserted Indian village of fourteen huts. They were still in a good state of prpreservationnd had been deserted within the previous decade. Many stories are told of the Indians who roamed the woods in the early days of Concord township. As far as known the only persons killed by the Indians within the township were Arthur Thomas and his son. They were killed in August, 1813, by the Indians and the blood-thirsty savages after shooting them, scalped them, hung them by their heels, and capped their cruelty by disemboweling and tying their intestines around their necks. The bodies were found the next day and taken to Urbana where they were buried in the old graveyard.

Concord township was evidently a favorite spot of the Indians. In addition to the village near Concord chapel they had one between Muddy creek and the present village of Northville. They also had a village in the southeastern corner of the township near the confluence of Muddy creek and Mad river. Numerous Indian relics have been found on the old Johnson farm along Mad river in the northeastern corner of the township and this would indicate the location of an Indian village there at one time.

RACE SUICIDE WAS DISCOURAGED.

The families of most of the old settlers of Champaign county were fully in accordance with the views of a former President of the United States regarding race suicide. Concord township, according to McFarland, boasted

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"at one time of six families in which there was one hundred and forty-seven children and no miscount." This would make an average of twenty-four and one-half children to the family, which, necessarily, indicates that at least one family had more than twenty-four. Reference has been made to Jesse Harbour who became the father of thirty-two children, but data is not available to show who the other five advocates of anti-race suicide may have been. The father of T. S. McFarland had a family of nineteen children and thirteen of these were living in 1881, their average ages at that time being fifty-six years.

THE FOLEY-WILKINSON FRACAS.

In the history of a township which has been in existence for more than one hundred years, as has been Concord township, there may be found a vast number of incidents of infinite variety, some of which have a certain historical value, but most have only such interest as attaches to rambling reminiscences. Thus it is with Concord township. An example of one of these incidents which has been repeated over and over for a hundred years is the story of the Foley-Wilkinson fracas. Near Concord chapel at the beginning of the township's history there lived a family by the name of Foley—parents and four sons, the latter ranging in age from eighteen to twenty-six years. These four sons were big, muscular fellows and, if tradition carries a modicum of truth, they had little else to recommend them except their physical prowess. They were -quarrelsome, lazy, shiftless and were usually described with an assortment of adjectives, none of which were complimentary. They mowed down every aspirant for athletic honors until they met one Thomas Wilkinson. Hence this story.

Tom Wilkinson was likewise endowed with a goodly set of muscles, but unlike the Foleys, was of a peaceful disposition. He had heard of the boast of the Foleys that they were able to manhandle any human being in the county, and that collectively they were willing to fight their weight in wildcats. Wilkinson decided that he was the match of any one of these said belligerent Foleys and expressed himself to his friends to this effect. And another chapter opens.

The Foleys had heard of Wilkinson and that he felt that he could cope with them on the battlefield. They resolved to give him the opportunity. In July, 1819, the Foleys went to the farm of Felix Rock to assist in the harvest field—so they said—but they were really on the warpath. Wilkinson

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must be attended to, and at once. After dinner one of the Foleys announced to the assembled crowd of harvesters that they had heard that Tom Wilkinson had said that he could whip any one of the Foleys. If he wanted to make his word good, now was the opportunity. Wilkinson was on his feet in an instant and replied to the taunt by saying that he was ready to take on the best one of the four Foleys—and that he was ready to enter the arena at once.

Out stepped the brawniest of the quartet. The couple repaired to the shade of a large maple tree; the farmers surrounded the fighters. They parried, they feinted, they thrust and they countered; but it Was the work of only a few minutes. Foley had met his match. The fight waxed warm and warmer ; suddenly the good right arm of. Wilkinson reached the jaw of Foley and Foley as suddenly assumed a recumbent position across the roots at the foot of the maple tree. He had been knocked down. Not only was Foley laid down, but he was actually laid out ; he was carried out—and nine days later he was buried in the country, churchyard. It does not seem that Wilkinson was ever indicted for the death of Foley.

In the fall of the same year William Foley, another of the brothers, enticed Wilkinson into a fight at a corn-husking at Joseph Longfellow's. The second Foley did not lose his life, but he lost all the reputation he had as a fistic artist. Wilkinson proved master of the second brother no less decisively than he had of the first. In 1822 the Foley brothers were at a militia muster in Mad River township at the home of George Kite. On this occasion they engaged in a fistic encounter with Reuben Loudenback and Isaac Moody and were soundly thrashed. Their reputation as fighters was gone and soon after this last encounter they left the country never to return.

CONCORD TOWNSHIP IN 1879.

In the Citizen and Gazette of January 2, 1879, there is an interesting sketch of Concord township under the pen of "Specs., Jr." (T. S. McFarland). Among other items which appear in his article of nearly a column in length the following miscellaneous points are noted (the reader must remember that this article was written in 1879, nearly forty years ago) :

"The last census ( 1870) showed a population of 1,035, but as a. decade of years have almost passed since then we think our population now will reach 500 more. We have scarcely what we might call a town, but there are several localities that exist only in name that were intended originally for towns, but all were spoiled in the making. Northville has only

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three families, who are ordinarily peaceful and quiet citizens. It also has three public buildings, two of which have outlived their days of usefulness and are no longer fitted for the purpose for which they were designed originally. Heathtown has three families, but its day of usefulness as a town has passed away, there being no longer any public business houses in the place. The old shoe shop alone remains to tell of its used-up glory. In the clays of Know-nothingism it was the headquarters of 'Muddy Run Council No. 317,' with one hundred fifty members, embracing at that time. almost all the voters of the township. Pekin is the most lively place of the township, having four families, a good country store and a blacksmith shop. Gourdville is virtually out in the cold, yet it contains as usual two houses with some of its inhabitants known far and wide for their public virtues. Then we have Stringtown and Fleatown but from neither of these come any items from Concord. We have one family in our midst in this township who adhere strictly to the old style of cooking in the absence of a cookstove. Politically, we are decidedly Democratic and not much prospect of any change in that direction. The older class of people with two exceptions have passed away."

FIRST SCHOOL HOUSE IN COUNTY.

The Concord school house, which was one of the first to be built in the county, has a history that is quite worthy of record. The building was erected by James Taylor. This ancient structure was a hewed-log house, the first of the kind in the township, the material being taken from the south end of the farm adjacent to the school ground. The first teacher in the new house was William Mouser, who had commenced the term in the old house a quarter of a mile south and would have finished the term, but from the fact that two boys, aged respectively twelve and thirteen, threw down the old mud-and-stick chimney during school hours while the teacher's back was turned, thereby causing a panic. The pupils ran out of the house and the children were never compelled to return to this building. School was at once adjourned to meet in the new house two weeks later. Mouser completed his term in the new house. Then came William Vanansdel, followed by Charles Dagger, John E. Waller, R. W. McFarland, Moses B. Hebard, Lewis M. Steward, Austin Heath, D. H. Neer, James Putman, James Taylor, B. L. Haller, William Remsburg, John Russell, Sarah V. Russell, William F. Gardner and Jesse Neer. Of these teachers mentioned six of them became ministers of the Methodist church, two lawyers, one a state senator,

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and two of them became prominent as teachers. Jennie Russell, the only woman who taught in the house, was a native of Virginia, coming to Ohio in 1838 at the age of eight years. She was noted not only for her beauty but for her intelligence. She became the wife of Dr. T. W. Goddard, a well-known physician of Urbana.

NOTED CITIZENS OF CONCORD TOWNSHIP.

An account has been given of various kinds of citizens, some of whom did not bring any special honor to the township. But Concord has produced a number of men who have become known outside the limits of their township and county. A few of these are mentioned in the succeeding paragraphs.

Probably the most noted man the township has produced was John Russell, who was born in the township on September 22, 1827; and who died on December 16, 1869. He was graduated from Ohio Wesleyan University in 1851 ; was elected county clerk in 1854 and served until 1863; served as chief clerk to W. H. Smith, secretary of state from 1863 to 1868; was appointed secretary of state in January, 1868, and served one year. He was elected to the state Senate in the fall of 1869, but died before the Legislature convened.

THE RECORD OF RICHARD STANHOPE.

One of the most interesting characters in the county, or in the state, lived for several generations in Concord township. Few men in the United States have lived longer than Richard Stanhope. Stanhope, a colored servant of George Washington, was born at Fredericksburg, Virginia, March 1, 1748, and died in Concord township on September 20, 1862, aged one hundred and fourteen years, six months and twenty days. There is no question concerning his age ; neither is there any doubt that he was one of Washington's servants. He had in his possession a certificate in Washington's handwriting to show that he was in the general's service. He was at the bedside of his master when he died in 1799. During the Revolutionary War Stanhope was with Washington in many of the battles and to his dying day showed the scars he had received on the battlefield. He was also in the War of 1812 as a teamster, being present at Detroit when General Hull surrendered. The British ordered him to drive his team to a certain place, but the loyal darkey, watching his opportunity, unhitched the best horse of his team and rode night

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and day until he was safely back at his old home in Concord township. He served his country well and faithfully in every respect. He reared a family of twenty-eight children and nearly all of them were living at the time of his death.

Stanhope became a member of the Baptist church in 1773 and continued a faithful member until his death, ninety years later. He retained his physical and mental faculties to a remarkable degree until his death, and was able to recount in a vivid manner all the events of more than a hundred years in which he had been a participant. Stanhope lived most of his life on a farm of Levi Johnson near Heathtown, in the northwestern part of the township. He is buried in the old Johnson burying ground.

MADE REPUTATION AS A MATHEMATICIAN.

The most noted educator to come from the township was R. W. McFarland. He was born on the old McFarland homestead in 1825 ; showed unusual precocity from his earliest school days ; was teaching in the subscription schools of the county at the age of fourteen and for the next eight years divided his attention between teaching and attending college. He was in school at Augusta, Kentucky, for one year ; spent a few months at Westerville, Franklin county, Ohio ; and was graduated from Ohio Wesleyan University in 1847 at the age of twenty-two. At the age of eight he was capable of solving any problem to be found in any of the arithmetics then in use, and it was in the field of mathematics that he made his reputation later in life. For seventeen years he was professor of mathematics in Miami University, at Oxford, Ohio, and after the suspension of that institution he became professor of mathematics at Ohio State University at Columbus.

TWO EMINENT MINISTERS OF THE GOSPEL.

Mention has been made of a successful politician and public official, of a worthy colored man, and of an educator. The township has produced at least one minister of the gospel who has attained more than a local reputation. Rev. Samuel Neer, a native of the township, was a Methodist minister who had some of the best charges in the Cincinnati conference. He continued in the pulpit until his death in 1857. A brother, Rev. Jesse Neer, was a member of the Central Ohio Conference and was a successful minister until his death in Logan county in 1854. These two eminent ministers of the township are buried side by side in the old Concord cemetery.

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ACHIEVED PROMINENCE IN RAILROAD SERVICE.

A citizen of Concord township who attained distinction in a totally different line than any of those previously mentioned was. Joseph Hill, whose father is credited with being one of the first settlers in the county. Colonel Hill—whether this military title is earned or assumed or applied by friends the historian does not attempt to state—became interested in railroad affairs and eventually became a prominent factor in the old Pan Handle railroad. Starting out as a civil engineer, he displayed such organizing talent, such pronounced ability in handling men as well as tracks and bridges, that he eventually became superintendent of the Chicago division of the Pennsylvania Lines, with headquarters at Logansport, Indiana.

These few men stand out more prominently than some others, but undoubtedly there are others of a past generation who are worthy of being classed in any group of public-spirited citizens. Such men as Philip Corner, F. N. Barger, James D. Powell, Ebenezer Wilson, Oliver Taylor and scores of others lived worthy lives and contributed of their respective abilities to the end that the township of Concord might be classed with the best in the county.

CHURCHES AND CEMETERIES.

The religious life of the township is treated in full in the chapter dealing with the churches of the county. From the earliest history of the township there have been active churches, but many that were once active have long since disappeared ; others are holding only occasional services; while a few churches in the township may still be seen along the rural roads—unused except for an occasional funeral. The story is not altogether a pleasant one, but it is the same with all the other townships of the county, and the county but repeats the history in this respect of every other county in the state. The township seems to have an unusual number of cemeteries, the records showing no less than ten scattered over the township.

NORTHVILLE.

Concord township has never had an incorporated village within its limits. The nearest approach to a village the township has ever had is Northville. This embryonic hamlet was laid out by John Arrowsmith, the

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surveyor of the county, in the fall of 1832 for James D. Stevens and Jacob Davis and the plat was recorded on October 18, 1832. For some reason it never attracted many permanent residents. In 1872 it was credited with three dwelling houses, a store, a Methodist church, school house and a blacksmith shop. The store had disappeared by 1880 and a Grange hall, which had been built in the seventies, was deserted by the end of that decade. The historian of 1880 pathetically remarked that "Mr. William Downs, a prominent citizen, and Mr. Howard Smith, the village blacksmith, are the sole occupants of the town at this writing." While it had so few residents within its precincts at the time, it had a number of excellent citizens in the immediate vicinity, among whom were Wallace Downs, Thomas Stevens, George Kennedy, S. J. McCollough, Daniel Bruner, N. D. McReynolds and a number of others. At the present time there is no sign of a village; even the faithful old church has closed its doors forever.

HEATHTOWN.

Heathtown was a flourishing little trading center before the Civil War and at one time was the seat of a postoffice bearing the name of Muddy Creek. The village stood on the line between sections 23 and 29 in the northern part of the township, less than half a mile from Muddy creek. Its name and its very existence are due to the efforts of one John Heath, a native of New Jersey, who came to the township about 1838 and established himself at this place. He opened a shoe shop at first and later branched out as a grocer and still later added a full assortment of such goods as were found in country stores at that time. Within a short time he convinced the postoffice department that the government ought to establish a postoffice in his store and for a number of years a postoffice was maintained at this place. John Detrick opened up a blacksmith shop and J. R. McFarland added a shoe shop to the growing industrial. life of the village. Heath eventually left the child of his dreams to wither by the crossroads and it pined away after he left for Iowa in 1854. Its death was lingering, but painless.

An interesting bit of political history is concerned with Heathtown in the days of its glory. In 1854 there was a political party known as the Know-Nothing party and a number of 'the farmers around Heathtown were members. They even organized themselves into what was known as Muddy Run Council No. 343 and held regular meetings in the village.

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CRAYON OR PEKIN.

A third village of the township is credited with two names, but it seems that it prefers its chirographic title of Crayon to its Chinese designation of Pekin. It stands just one mile due west of ancient Heathtown, in the center of section 35, the northwestern section of the township. It never boasted of more than one store at a time, and this one changed hands with such frequency that it seems not to have been a good investment. A postoffice was established at this point in 1879 under the name of Crayon and was maintained for several years. James W. Heath was the first postmaster. A blacksmith shop was operated by Ira Poffenbarger for several years.

"Specs, Jr." (T. S. McFarland) walked into the village of Crayon (Pekin) in June, 1878, and wrote the following brief sketch of his visit to the editor of the Citizen and Gazette: "A first-class blacksmith shop by Feaster & Valentine and a wagon shop by one Bazelle. We see a new dwelling on the northwest corner nearly completed, the property of John Clark. On entering the dry goods store of J. M. Bargar we find it full of customers. Mrs. B., his better half, assists him behind the counters. Jo may well be proud of his clerk. Here we met for the first time for years our old friend, J. F. Bargar, whose form a few years ago was lank and lean but now tips the beam at 200. Fred attributes all this to his letting bad whiskey alone."

PAPER TOWNS.

Two other villages which never got beyond the paper stage made their appearance before the war. Orsamus Scott had a metropolitan dream and attempted to realize on it. He went so far as to plat a number of lots in section 20, but the only reason why his town is perpetuated is because the plat is safely recorded in the court house at Urbana. He never succeeded in getting it any farther than the pen-and-ink stage.

Another village of former clays which actually had two families living in it at one time—and not in a double house either—was a product of the imagination of some pioneer whose name is lost. He must have been a Bible student and well acquainted with the story of Jonah and the gourd, since his town bore the suggestive name of Gourdville. He probably thought it would grow up over night, even as did the gourd of Biblical times. Evidently his gourd was planted in poor ground—it refused to grow. It was planted about three-fourths of a mile south of Concord chapel, but it never

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contained more than a couple of dwelling houses and no industries of any kind. It is remembered by some old citizens that the families of James Blue and Tubal Woodward occupied the two houses at one time in the seventies.

ERIS.

Within the past few years another village has come into existence in the township, the largest the township has ever had, and it bids fair to continue a busy little trading center for many years to come. It is located a half mile west of Concord chapel on the line between sections 14 and 20 and is known as Eris. The village has never been platted, but is as flourishing a trading center as some that have this distinction. Noah Fisher has a general store at the present time, while C. R. Pence has a grocery store. The village is on a rural route out of Urbana.

CHAPTER X.

WAYNE TOWNSHIP.

Wayne township was a part of the original Salem township which was organized by the associate judges on April 20, 1805. It is not known when the commissioners set off Wayne township, but it is certain that it was before 1811. At that time the township included all of the present township of Rush and it was not until 1817 that any change was made in its limits. Logan county was set off by an act of the Legislature in December, 1817, and when the act became effective on the first of the following March a strip of about a mile wide was added to the northern part of Wayne township. What is now Rush was still a part of Wayne and so remained until it was set off in 1828.

The discussion of Wayne township and its early settlers in this chapter is restricted to the township as it now stands ; that is, to its present territorial limits. The township as now constituted lies wholly within the Virginia Military Survey with the exception of various small portions in the extreme southwestern part of the township. Consequently, the 'lands are surveyed in the hit-and-miss fashion characteristic of all the military surveys in Ohio. In referring to settlers it is difficult to locate them definitely and it is only by giving the survey number that they may be located. Most of the maps in atlases, as well as single township maps, fail to indicate the surveys by numbers and this renders it difficult to write an exact description of the township.

AREA AND TOPOGRAPHY.

The township extends four and five-eighths miles from east to west and seven and one-fourth miles from north to south. This gives it an area of thirty-three and one-half square miles, or about twenty-one thousand four hundred and forty acres. Much of the township is decidedly hilly and is not susceptible of a high degree of cultivation, although it is not so broken as to render it unfit for grazing purposes. Roughly speaking the township may be grouped into four topographical sections : The valley

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of the Mingo in the north ; the central portion, which is high and very broken; the southeast, locally known as "the ridge," but in fact that portion of the township is nearly level ; the western portion which falls into the prairie section which is drained into Dugan and Kings creeks. The northeastern corner of the township is drained by Spain creek into Big Darby creek, while part of the central portion along the eastern side is drained into Brush lake and thence to Darby creek.

"THE LINE OF LEAST RESISTANCE."

The hilly character of the township has made the construction of roads an expensive proposition, although the presence of an abundance of gravel offsets to a degree the disadvantage of the broken character of the land. The first roads were laid out in a haphazard manner and evidently with the sole idea of missing the swamps and heavily-wooded tracts and establishing the shortest route between two given points. In other words, the first settlers "followed the line of least resistance," and most of the roads of today follow the bridle paths of a hundred years ago. In the absence of township, range and section lines the boundaries of farms frequently follow the beds of rivers or the middle of roads, without any regard to the points of the compass. The various farms take every conceivable shape, one farm having the general shape of an old-fashioned horse pistol.

The roads of this township in its early days presented a never-ending source of trouble to the early settlers. They would be repaired one month only to be washed out by a flood the succeeding. month. Gravel was abundant, however, and this made it comparatively easy and inexpensive to keep the roads in a fair condition. One of the first roads in the township which merits the name of a "pike" was known as the Urbana and Woodstock pike, traversing the township from east to west through Cable. This road was completed in 1868. The North Lewisburg road, starting at the crossing of the Urbana road and the Pennsylvania railroad and passing through Middletown, was completed in 1869. The Mingo pike running from Mingo to Woodstock was completed in 1871. The Mingo-West Liberty road was opened in 1876 and the road from Mingo to Kingston, by way of Kennard, was completed in 1877, while the Clinton-Stafford road, extending from Clinton Corners to the western border of the township, was constructed in 1880. All of these were graveled and most of them have been macadamized within recent years. The township has spent thou-

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sands of dollars on roads—more than a hundred thousand—but it has been money well spent.

OLD MILITARY SURVEYS.

The records show that there are fifty-three different military surveys represented in Wayne township, not all of which are entirely within the lim-its of the township, but must be listed in order to show all of the property owners within its limits. Very few, if any, of the old Virginia Revolutionary soldiers who were granted tracts of land in Wayne township, ever saw the land which the generous-hearted state gave them. The largest tract represented in Wayne township contained one thousand nine hundred and fifty-eight acres, survey No. 731 1, and was the original entry. of James Galloway. There are only seven surveys in the township of more than one thousand acres, while there are three of less than one hundred, one survey, No. 8608, containing only twenty-two acres. The deed records do not show that any of the original patent holders represented in this township ever lived on their land. Most of it was transferred by a warranty or quit-claim deeds to actual settlers, and most of this was in the hands of resi-dent owners by the latter part of the thirties. The complete list of origi-nal patent holders of Wayne township, together with the number of their surveys and the acres of each, is set forth in the following table :

THE ORIGINAL POLL-BOOK RECORD.

As previously stated, the evidence points to the organization of the township in 1811. The original poll-book record for an election held on October 8, 1811, has been preserved and is here presented verbatim :

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POLL BOOK OF WAYNE TOWNSHIP, OCTOBER 8, 1811.

Poll Book of the election held in the township of Wayne, county of Champaign, on the eighth day of October, A. D., one thousand eight hundred and eleven. Abraham Hughes, Nathan Norton and John Paxton, Judges, and Basil Noel and Wesley Hughes, Clerks, of this election, were severally sworn as the law directs, previous to their .entering upon their respective duties.

NAMES OF ELECTORS.

Reuben Paxton, Abraham Hughes, William Tharp, William Fagan, Joshua Jones, John Black, John Richardson, John. Ballinger, John Barrett, Daniel Reed, John Bowlman, John Devore, Isaac Hughes, Henry Williams, Abner Tharp, John Paxton, John Sutton, Gray Gary, Nathan Norton, William Williams, Basil Noel, Wesley Hughes, John Thomas, Nathan Tharp, Andrew Grubbs, John Bowlman, Jr., Otho Johnson, Benjamin Lee, Solomon Tharp, Jacob Paxton, William Pickrill.

These thirty-one voters were distributed over the territory now comprehended within Wayne and Rush townships, but there is no way of determining how many of the number lived within the present limits of Wayne. It will be noticed that not one of the thirty-one is among the list of original holders of patents in the township. The early elections were held at the homes of the settlers which were the most easily accessible to the majority of the voters. Among the early voting places were the homes of Isaac Gray, Reuben Paxton, Robert Stevens, Peter Black, John Holycross, Ebenezer Miles and Jerry Baldwin. The first election after Rush township was set off in 1828 was at the house of Jerry Baldwin. Peter Igou was elected justice of the peace at this election, but St. Leger Beck and Martin Flaherty contested the election and a new one was held on February 8, 1828, Igou being elected this time beyond a doubt. Among the justices of the peace elected before the Civil War may be mentioned Peter Igou, William Organ, John Stowe, David B. Williams, Robert Pennington, Lester Ware, John J. Harlin, Andrew McBride, C. 0. Johnson, William Thomas, Silas Igou, Alexander Pickard, William R. Clark and John W. Barlette. Many of these served a number of years, Peter Igou serving from 1828 to 1839, and others for three terms of three years each.

OTHER EARLY TOWNSHIP OFFICIALS.

The early township clerks, those serving prior to the Civil. War, were as follow : John Organ, John Shaw, Wsley Hughes, George N. Swisher, Thomas Cowgill, Jr. (served ten years, 1834-1844), Daniel Vertner, Robert Archibald, Solomon Linville, Peter P. Wilson, Solomon Linville, David Vert-.

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ner and J. W. Barley. This roster of clerks gives all who held the office up until 1864.

Among the early trustees may be mentioned Thomas Cowgill, Sr., Henry Fairchild, Thomas Middleton, Silas Hale, Thomas Irwin, James Williams, Erastus Burnham, Jeremiah Baldwin, James De Vore, Sylvanus Smith, James Mitchell, Thomas Lary, Jesse Johnson, Thomas Goode, St. Leger Beck, Paul Igou, John Stowe, Aaron Guthridge, Simon Miller, Mathew Mason, John Middleton, William. Organ, John J. Harlan and James Gray. Many of these trustees lived in what is now Rush township.

An examination shows the .names of a large number of citizens who filled township offices of one kind or another. • During the period of the old constitution (1802 to 1852) there were many offices which were discontinued when the second constitution was adopted. In addition to the trustees, clerk, treasurer and justices of the peace, there were overseers of the poor, fence viewers, ditch viewers, listers and road supervisors. While a large number of citizens in the early days of Wayne township never held any public office, yet before 1840 the following freeholders are noted :as being connected in some official capacity with the local township government : Ezra Winger, Otho Johnson, James Claypole, Robert Cloud, Robert Stephens, John Richardson, Peter Black, Erastus Nutter, John W. Walburn, Ross Thomas, Allen Haines, Reuben Fairchild, Reuben Paxton, Anson Howard, Samuel Reed, William Winget, Samuel Goode, John Colwell, Andrew Hays, David Ripley, John Parthemar, Boyd Richardson, Isaac Farmer, Stephen Cranston, William Gifford, Asahel Woodsworth, Angus Clark, Solomon Black, Barney Richarson, John Wilson, Asa Gray, Jonathan Looney, William Jenkins, William Middleton, Jonathan Moorecraft, Basil Day,. Simon Moorecraft, Henry Reynolds, Stephen Thompson, Moses Devore, John Spencer, Thomas Baldwin, Nicholas E. Swisher, Willis Spain, Isaac Wilson, John H. Swisher, Jeremiah Davis, Benjamin Spillers., David Parker, Thomas Wade, William Pepple, Levi Williams, William Shackleford, James Middleton, Robert Wilson, William Sharp, Elijah Breedlove, Thomas Cooper, Cephas Atkinson, George Barley and William Lary.

LIST OF VOTERS IN 1840.

At the presidential election on October 3o, 1840, there were two hundred and forty-five votes cast, one hundred and ninety-one for Harrison and fifty-four for Van Buren. This election was probably more exciting than any

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which has ever occurred in the township and it is fair to presume that practically every voter in the township cast his ballot on that day. The poll book and tally sheet were kept on the same sheet of unruled foolscap and was in the handwriting of Thomas Cowgill, one of the clerks. The other clerk was Daniel Vertner, the judges being William Organ, James Gray and John J. Harlan. The complete list of voters of the township in 1840 is here given as it appears in this record of seventy-seven years ago :

William Organ, Daniel Vertner, Thomas Cowgill, James Spain, John J. Harlan, Jeremiah Davis, James Gray, William T. Hilton, Henry Reynolds, John Middleton, Noah Hilton, Thomas Parker, Samuel Swisher, Andrew McBride, Henry W. Spain, Parker Long, Bayles Breedlove, Samuel Organ, William Middleton, James Williams, Alexander Hayes, Jesse Snidichar, Benjamin Bidwell, William H. Mend, John Stowe, James Guthridge, Willis Spain, Hezekiah Spain, Joseph G. Johnson, John Devore, Theodoric Sullivant, Nicholas S. Organ, Ezra Lamborn, Cloud Marshall, Simeon Morecraft, John P. Spain, Morgan Baldwin, Edward L. Timmons, James Devore, Benjamin Parker, Allison Walker, James Swisher, John S. Goode, Benjamin Devore, Joshua Devore, Francis A. Yocum, Marshall B. Lamborn, John W. Yocum, Thomas Breedlove, Griswold B. Hawes, Jack M. Sally, William Jenkins, James B. King, James Lindsey, William Johnson, Thomas Lindsey, Nicholas E. Swisher, James H. Swisher, James ,N. Swisher, George Hess, Michael Hess, John Daly, Robert Archibald, Joel Brown, James Reynolds, John Laycock, Charles Dickinson, Jesse Reams, William Breedlove, Jesse Gray, Charles Stewart, James McMahill, Reuben Adams, David B. Williams, Isaac Willett, Joseph Baker, James Hess, Nehemiah Mathews, Jesse Goode, Abram Martin, Amos Brinton, David Martin, Charles Martin, Matthew A. Wright, Aaron Guthridge, John Hammond, Jonathan Bonsall, Ezra Mead, Jefferson Dempcy, James H. Ford, Thomas Cowgill, Nathan Davis, James Stephens, Isaac Cedars, John Barrett, Isaac Gratham, Robert Pennington, Rees Miller, William Barrett, James Cox, William Jenkins, Lorenzo Timmons, Montgomery P. Mitchell, James Mitchell, Gould Johnson, Isaac Everett, Jefferson Vertner, John H. Richardson, George Robinson, Rees Ellis, Phineas Thornton, Boyd Richardson, John Mason, Daniel Bishop, William Guthridge, Elijah Breedlove, Joel Stowe, James Organ, John D. Hale, Jacob Witty, Matthew Mason, Samuel T. Organ, St. Leger Beck, James Middleton, James D. Bayless, Hugh Moffitt, Henry Hall, Ezra Mead, Jr., William Holycross, Asa Gray, Joseph I. Baker, William McMahill, Garland Wade, Allen Matthews, Samuel McCumber, George Whittleberry, Joshua Miller, Robert Ludlow, David Wade, Solomon Haines, Robert M. Goode, Stephen Hannum, William Heicht, Chillian A. Cox, John Williams, Joshua Spain, Abel H. Morgan, William Stowe, Archibald Scott, Levi Cowgill, William Reed, Thomas Eaton, Benjamin Moffett, Ross Thomas, Levi Osborn, William Clinton, David Osborn, Oliver Jenkins, William Spencer, Thomas Spencer, John Morehead, Peter Igou, Francis Everett, Manley Robuck, Paul Igou, Benjamin Holycross, Pleasant Reams, Edwin Long, Solomon Cowles, Benjamin Spiller, John Goode, David Wilson, John Baldwin, John Paige, Hiram Wilson, Joseph Swisher, Isaac G. Wilson, Franklin Baldwin, James McDaniel, George Holloway, Samuel Jones, Shadrack Musteen, Hiram Johnson, John Davison, Nelson Richardson, Thomas Middleton, Wilford Allison, Nelson B. Johnson, Theodoric Goode, Edward Spain, William McDaniel, John Thomas, Thomas Wilson, John B. Paden, John Pennington, Alfred Johnson, Albert Cowles, Heaton Pennington, Levi Williams, Thomas Wade, Samuel Marks, Joel Inskeep, James Cole, Richard Stowe, Nelson Hilton, Woodmunsie Tallman, Richard Baldwin,

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Washington Woodward, Alex St. Clair Hunter, Benjamin Archer, Hilon Mead, Robert Pennington, Jacob H. Linville, James Stubblefield, Thomas Brown, Cephas Atkinson, Levi Atkinson, Henry Pisel, James Ellis, Isaac Brown, Ellis Miller, Walter T. Organ, John Miller, Adam Kerns, Archibald Everett, Joseph Leach, Elisha B. Hess, John Rile, John Thomas, Jr., Isaac. Black, Caleb Russell, Samuel Hubbard, Andrew Davidson, Philip Hess, David Irwin, Reuben Paxson, Holdridge Chidister, Jacob Karnes, William Lary. John Everett, Samuel Wilson, Thomas Hunter.

POPULATION STATISTICS.

The greater portion of the population of the Wayne township from 1811 to 1828 was in the eastern half ; that is, in that portion of the township which was set off as Rush in the latter year. The settlements in the vicinity of North Lewisburg and Woodstock were the largest in the township. The broken character of the surface of the land within the present limits of Wayne was such that it was not settled as early as some other parts of the county. The population taken by the government was not returned by townships until 1850. In that year Wayne township was given a total population of 1,429 of which twelve were colored. The population by decades since 1850 is as follows : 1860, 1,827; 1870, 1,729; 1880, 1,631 ; 1890, 1,389; 1900, 1,345 1910, 1,272.

EARLY SETTLERS.

The difficulty of definitely establishing the sequence of early arrivals into the township arises from the fact that more than one hundred years have elapsed since the first pioneers blazed their paths into the township. They were not concerned with leaving written accounts of their arrival, or setting down for future generations the troubles they experienced in establishing homes. The complete story of one family of Wayne township from 1800 down to 1850 would be the story of practically every other family in the township as far' as general conditions are concerned. Each family went through the same privations, ate the same food, wore the same linsey-woolsey and jeans, played the same simple games ; and, generally speaking, most of the people had common ideas about most things. No one is now living whose memory comes within twenty-five years of the first settlers of the township. There were no newspapers to record the daily events and no settler in the township has preserved a written account of them. However, there have appeared in the newspapers of later years various accounts concerning the early settlers in the township, while the records of many of the families have been preserved in genealogical volumes. These have been consulted along

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with the official records in the court house in an effort to reconstruct as far as possible a fair account of Wayne township in the early days.

Abner Barnett is said to have been the first settler within the present limits of Wayne township, but little is known concerning this pioneer other than that he came about 1800 and settled in the northeastern part of the township. His name does not appear in the list of voters of 1811, nor does it appear in the taxpayers list of 1819, the earliest list which has been preserved. If he came to the township in 1800, he evidently remained only a short time or else did not participate in public affairs. It is certain that he was later located in Goshen township, in the chapter of which township his career is briefly noticed.

FIRST PERMANENT SETTLERS.

The Spain family has been credited to both Wayne and Rush townships as probably the first permanent settlers. The facts seem to be that they settled in both; one branch settling in the northwestern corner of Rush and the other in the northeastern corner of Wayne, their importance in the eyes of the early settlers being shown by the fact that the creek draining the northern part of the two townships is named in their honor. Hezekiah Spain came to the township in 1805, the year the county was organized, bringing with him his family of several children. At the time Hezekiah Spain came from Dinwiddie county, Virginia, there were probably nine other families from the same county who located either in Rush or Wayne, although at that time the whole territory now in the two townships was included within Salem township. These other nine families were those of J. P. Spain, Stephen Spain, Jordan (or Gordon) Reams, Hubbard Crowder, William Spain, Daniel Spain, John P. Spain, Jr., Thomas Spain and John Crowder. These families came together to the county in 1805 and settled in the northern part of what is now Wayne and Rush. The Spains were of German ancestry, but had been identified with Virginia since the Revolutionary War.

Hezekiah Spain bought the entire survey No. 4666, original patent holder, Thomas Browder, the deed for this extensive tract of one thousand and sixty-three acres being recorded on February 6, 1806. Most of this land lies in Rush township, while part of it is in Logan county, then Champaign county. Spain disposed of small tracts of this survey from time to time. A few of these may be noted : Thomas Goode and James Spain each purchased one hundred-acre tracts in the summer of 1809; Jordan Reams and Gray Gary bought fifty- and one hundred and fifty-acre tracts, respec-

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tively, in 1810; Hubert (or Hubbard) Crowder bought seventy-five acres in 1813; Howell Holycross and Thomas Spain bought fifty- and two hundred-acre tracts. respectively, in March, 1814. Most of these tracts came off of that part of the survey of Hezekiah Spain which lay in what is now Rush township.

TYPICAL PIONEER EXPERIENCE.

Willis Spain, one of the sons of Hezekiah, was born in Virginia in 1796 and was nine years old when he came with his parents to Champaign county. He continued to reside here until his death. He married Nancy Spain, no relation, and they became the parents of seven children, Lemuel, Henry W., Fletcher, Newton, H. Wright, Elizabeth and David. They all grew to maturity, all married and reared families, with the result that the Spain name became probably the most widely known name in the northern part of Wayne and Rush townships. Willis Spain was a typical pioneer and in later years recounted some of the experiences which befell the family in the early history of the county. He recalled that he had to go to Springfield, a distance of twenty-eight miles, in order to get grain ground ; that postage on a letter was twenty-five cents ; that deer, fox, wolves, bear and other wild game could he shot from his own door step; that salt obtained on Buck creek at McLain's cost the family four dollars a bushel; that the hogs were fattened on oak mast; and finally that he never had a law suit in his. life. He was a stanch member of the Methodist church from the time he was fifteen years of age and was always active in the work of the church.

STORY OF THE JOHNSON FAMILY.

The Johnson family came to the township in 1804 and have been associated with the history of the county since that year. The first of the family to come to the township seems to have been Jacob Johnson. He was born in Maryland, July 27, 1766, and his wife, Martha Boggs, was born in Pennsylvania, October 20, 1874. His wife had previously married a man by the name of McFarland and two of her sons by this first marriage, John and Moses McFarland, became early settlers in Champaign county.

Jacob Johnson's father, William, came to the county and died here in 1820. His four sons—Jacob, Barnett, William and Otho—became large landowners and influential citizens. William Johnson located near the village of Mingo and built a house on his farm of three hundred and seventy-

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seven acres, which he bought from James Denny. His farm included all of the present site of Mingo. Jacob Johnson, the oldest son of William, had eight children and seven of these grew to maturity and married : Mary, William, Lavina, Hiram, Nelson B., Jane and Alfred. Jacob. had bought four hundred and seventy-eight acres of James Denny in 1804-05 adjoining his father, William, and located on it in the summer of 1805. The sons of Jacob became large landowners, Alfred eventually securing control of all of the original paternal estate. Jacob died in 1845, his widow dying in 1854. Hiram, Nelson B. and Alfred lived together on the home farm until 1868, in which year Nelson B. married. At that time the three sons had increased the paternal estate to one thousand nine, hundred acres valued at one hundred and twenty thousand dollars. Upon the marriage of Nelson B. to Ann Eliza Gilbert on May 12, 1868, the brothers divided the vast estate without the intervention of the court. Nelson B. later added to 'his third until at the time of his death he owned nine hundred and seventy acres. It is said of him that he never uttered a profane oath, never drank a drop of intoxicating liquor and never used tobacco in any form.

Another of the Johnsons, Otho, a son of William and a brother of Jacob, was one of the first merchants in what was afterwards Mingo. About 1833 he purchased the small store which his nephew, O. M. Herron, had established a few months previously on his uncle's farm. Otho Johnson managed the store and postoffice, the latter having been established there in 1833, for about two years, but with the abandonment of the store in 1835 the postoffice was also discontinued. In 1838 Otho Johnson sold his farm to Cephas Atkinson for twenty-five dollars an acre and in the following year 'moved to Hancock, Illinois, where he died about 187o.

The Spains and Johnsons were the leaders in township affairs for the first decade of the county's history. They were not only large landowners, but they were interested in seeing the county getting started and township organisations effected. Their names are found in the local records of Wayne and Rush townships from 1805 down to the present time. Most of the other families which came from Virginia in 1805 with the Spains and Johnsons located in Rush township.

SOME OTHER EARLY SETTLERS.

The same year which brought the Johnsons to the northern part of Wayne township brought James Devore, a native of Washington county,

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Pennsylvania, to the same vicinity. He located on a farm east of the present village of Mingo, occupying it under a lease for twelve years, at the expiration of which he bought a farm north of Middletown for three dollars and fifty cents an acre. James Devore had seven children: Hester, wife of Mathew Wilson; Elizabeth, wife of John Inskeep; Moses, first married Rachel Inskeep and after her death, Jane 'Wilkins ; John married Betsy Buckler; Joshua married Elizabeth Clark; Jacob married Lydia Organ; Mary married Thomas Ballinger.

Thomas Goode came to the township in 1805 and located in survey No. 4932, in the northeastern part of the township. He lived on this farm the remainder of his life. One of his sons, Theoderic, was born on this farm and died on it, January 5, 1876, leaving only one living child, Levi J. Levi J. and his wife, Maria Reams, had six children, five of whom lived to maturity, Eliza, Sale, James E., Aai, Ivan T. Polly Ann died in childhood.

The year 1810 brought in Isaac Everett and family, who settled a mile west of Mingo. They reared a family of nine children, Samuel, Joseph, John, Francis, Isaac, Thomas, Archibald, Mary and Elizabeth. Samuel later acquired the old home farm. Mary became the wife of Daniel Cowgill and Elizabeth the wife of David Martin.

In 1813 Isaac Gray and Alexander St. Clair Hunter arrived in the township. Gray was born in North Carolina in 1762 and located in Grayson county, Virginia, in 1801, having previously married Lydia Robinson. They had nine children : Elizabeth, who became the wife of Ross Thomas; John, who married Ellen Thomas, a daughter of John (Mingo) Thomas; Hannah, who married Richard Thomas; Jehu, who died unmarried in 1822 ; Mary, who became the wife of Aaron Guthridge in 1815 and lived to a remarkable old age, having, it is said, up to the time of her death an inexhaustible fund of early history at her command; Asa, who first married Mary E. Johnson and later, Catherine Walker ; Rebecca, who married Samuel B. Lippincott; James, who married Hannah Robinson; Rachel, who married Samuel Taylor.

REMINISCENCES OF MRS. MARY GUTHRIDGE.

It is fortunate that there have been preserved a few reminiscent sketches by early settlers in Champaign county. A number of these have been incorporated in this volume in whole or in part, and all of them have a great historical value. One of the most interesting,, and at the same time one of

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the most valuable of these reminiscent articles, was written by Mrs. Mary Guthridge to be read before the Pioneer Association at Mingo on June 4, 1885. Mrs. Guthridge was born on May 15, 1787, and was therefore ninety-eight years of age in 1885. She came to the county in 1813 and consequently was well qualified to speak about early conditions in the county. Her complete article as prepared in 1885 is given in full in this connection :

I have been a member of this association since its organization and have met with you when I could, but for the last two years I have not been able to meet with you in person, but I heard you were to meet at Mingo, my first home in Champaign county, over seventy-two years' ago (1813), I thought if I was well enough I would meet with you once more; finding it impossible to do so, I will write a letter to be read at the meeting.

When I let my mind run back and view this country as it was when I first saw it, almost like a wilderness, and think of the privations the first settlers had to go through and what little they had to do with, I wonder what the future may have in store. To look at it now and see what a glorious country they had made it in the past eighty years with nothing to work with, what it will be in eighty years to come, with all the means they have to work with now? If I would try to tell you all I have passed through in my long lane of life it would fill a volume. I could tell you many anecdotes of the way we dressed, our amusements, etc., but so much has been said on that subject I will only give you a sketch of my life and first acquaintance in this country.

My Grandfather Grey was an Englishman, raised in the city of London. He came to America when it was a British colony. Parliament had issued a proclamation that any man who would go to North Carolina, select land and settle on it would be given a large farm. My grandfather settled in Guilford county, North Carolina, married a Scotch woman, raised a large family and had grown sons before the Revolutionary War to fight for liberty.

Grandfather Robinson was born in Maryland, but his parents came from Ireland and belonged to the royal family. They were Quaker Irish and had no gibberish on their tongue. He and his brother went to North Carolina and settled in Guilford county. He married a Scotch girl by the name of Clark, had a large family and was one of the constitutional members of the New Garden Quaker Church, the first one in the Colonies.

My father was not a Quaker, and if any member married out of the church they called them runaway weddings and could not be married at home, so my parents were married in Guilford court house, where the Cornwallis battle had been fought. I was born May 15, 1787, in Guilford county, North Carolina. The Robinsons had gone to Virginia, and in 1802 my father moved to Virginia. It was a mountainous country. There were no schools; but when I was seven years old an Irish girl got an old cabin and taught.' I went to her six months, and that was all the schooling I ever had. All the books I had was a Dilworth spelling book, and you would laugh if I would tell you how she taught us to pronounce words. I had a deep creek to cross three times to get to school, and the wolves would be howling as I passed through the woods.

The Quakers had built a church, the only house of worship in the country. Two Baptist ministers—we would call them missionaries now—came and the Quakers wouldn't

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let them have their church, so one of our neighbors invited them to preach in his house, and they made that their preaching place for a while. By hard coaxing I got to go once to hear them, and I was delighted with their singing. I thought they could of be Christians because they sang. I had heard vain songs, and did not know the dIfference between vain and sacred music. I asked grandfather if he thought those teachers were Christians and he said "I hope so." Said I, "They sine He said, hat's a merry way they have to go to Heaven."

My mother's brother said there was a better place for us than that, and he started explore Ohio and Indiana, and a talk of them seemed like places out of the world. e was gone a year, and gave them all the Western fever. My father sold his farm 1 two hundred acres, well improved, for a wagon and two horses, and on the 25th day of September, 1811, we all started for Blue river, Indiana. The country was then known by its water courses, not by counties and towns. Uncle said of all the untry he had seen, Mad River was the garden spot of earth ; "but," said he, "there's no society, nothing but Indians, but there is a settlement of Quakers on Blue River. We will go there." That is the site of Richmond, Indiana, the place where General Harrison, then governor of the state, had fought a dreadful battle with Indians on Tippecanoe; consequently, they were all afraid to go there.

So we went to Mad River, and I thought we would keep on traveling as long as we lived. When we got within a few miles of the boundary line, as far as we could go [Mrs. Guthridge probably meant the Ludlow Line] we stopped at John Williams'. He lived where Billy Williams lives now (1885). My father went on and found a man who had taken what they called a claim—that is, they built a cabin and cleared twenty acres of land, which entitled him to a seven years' lease. This man had built a pole cabin and cleared the land, lived there a while, but got a better house where Samuel Organ now lives. The wild hogs had taken possession of his cabin. A man had built near it and raised a fine crop of corn. Father bought his lease and corn, but there was no road to it. It was not far from where Samuel Pennington now lives.

When we came in sight of Mingo Valley, near where McHuans Wheaton lived, it was a beautiful sight ; the green grass and deer feeding on it like sheep on a pasture and the wild turkeys running over it. On the north side I saw two cabins—the John Thomases' in one and the Jacob Johnsons' in the other. On the south side I saw four—Otto Johnson lived in two, where Mrs. Hunter lives or did live; Barnet Johnson, where Mr. Hunt lives, and Isaac Everett on the Everett farm. We stopped at Barnet's to get fire for our cabin. There were no matches, and if our fire went out we would have to carry fire from some other cabin. Mrs. Johnson; well pleased to see new settlers, gave us a bucket of milk and a roll of butter. She knew where the cabin was and pointed to me and said: "She's little; if she will come every day I will give you butter and milk." So I broke the' bushes to mark the way to the good woman's house; and that woman was Aunt Mary Williams' grandmother, who died at Mingo.

When we got to the cabin—such a place to live! We were like the children of Israel : "We sat down and cried." They put the fire down where there was a little pen for a chimney and set up some stones to build the fire against. My oldest sister went to laying down the puncheons the wild hogs had rooted up. Mr. Grubbs saw the smoke and came to see if someone had set the cabin on fire. He flew into helping my sister to lay the puncheons and said "You are the girl for a new country ; that crying one should not have come." When that night came and we lay our beds down there was hardly room for all of us to lay down. There were thirteen of us:—

(15)

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father, mother, grandfather, grandmother and nine children, and I am the last of all, the oldest pioneer woman in three counties. We all went to work. The men gathered corn in daytime and cut logs and built us another cabin by working at night. The first woman that came to see us was Mrs. Otho Johnson, and she showed us so much kindness that the name is ever dear to me. They were our first neighbors, but the old ones ate gone; yet their children and. grandchildren have taken their places in my a ffections.

There was a settlement where Cable Pickerells, Tharps, Paxtons, Pickerells Morecrafts, Hugheses and some others. They came and made our acquaintance. There was also a settlement of Quakers where Middleburg now is. Our folks went there and handed in their letters at a church called Tharps' meeting house. That brought many to visit us. We could get corn ground at John Taylor's mill on King's Creek, but it froze up all that winter and we had to beat our corn in a mortar to get meal to make johnny-cakes and hominy. We got spice brush and sassafras roots to make tea and our men killed plenty of wild hog, bear, deer and turkeys, so we had plenty to eat. The Indians would come back to their old hunting ground on King's Creek and camp for a month. When we had no church we would go and see the squaws weaving baskets and moccasins and the men kill squirrels with bow and arrow. I saw the old Mingo chief a few days before he died lying on a bunk of straw in his wigwam. I shall never forget his looks.

In 1812 the war commenced. When Gen. Hull's army was in camp in Urbana for weeks we gathered wild fruit and baked pies and sold them to the soldiers. When we heard that he had given his arms to the British t was a sorrowful time. My .grandfather said we would have such a time as they had in Maryland when Braddock was defeated. The Indians would come and massacre our infant settlement, but our brave-hearted men organized a band called "Rangers" and, kept them out until the government sent on another army. We had some scary times. We got the word one night that the Indians had gone to Piqua and were burning the town; would be through our country the next day and kill us all. We went to packing up to leave when Mathew Tharp came and asked where we were going. We said we didn't know, only to get away. He said we might as well stay and be killed as to starve to death. He said to the boys: "Meet in Urbana at eight in the morning and we will go and meet them and let them kill us before our wives and children." But it was a false alarm; they had come to join our people to keep the hostile ones away.

There were many things I could tell you about the war. When it closed in 1815 there were many changes; people came and things were brought. We got sheep but had to put them • in the house to keep the wolves from killing them. 'We had to pick the burrs from our wool and seed from our cotton and card and scutch our flax. We spun and wove all we wore.. We got roots and barks to color with, and the one that could weave the finest and get the best colors had the finest dress. Our men wore linen shirts in summer and we dressed deer skins for winter. Well do I remember working late at nights making deer skin pants and moccasins to wear on our feet. We had troughs to tan leather in, and we made such shoes as we could sew together with strings. If a young man of drunk he was not admitted into society.

The first Quaker church was built where the old Quaker burying ground now it. Martin Hitt preached at the first camp meeting that I attended, his text being "Go, Moses, for my people must be- delivered." Moses McFarland sat near us, and we for fun would tell him that he was ordering him away. In 1816 they built a log

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Baptist church where the church now stands at King's Creek. They put a frame on the floor and filled it with charcoal, and that was nice to warm our feet by.

I was married to Aaron Guthridge February 25, 1815, in the presence of nearly one hundred people. They have all gone over on the other shore. Enos Baldwin, who died at West Liberty a few days ago, was there, a babe in his mother's arms. In 1851 we moved to Mechanicsburg. My husband's health failed so we came back to Mingo the same year he died. I lived there in fellowship with the good people until the good Lord put it in my niece's heart to come for me to make her house my home, and I am happy in their love and the love of the Lord.

WOMAN DOCTOR'S GOOD WORK IN EARLY DAYS.

Isaac Gray located on a farm about a mile southwest. of Middletown, about half way between Middletown and Cable. At first he bought a squatter's lease from John Ballinger and eighteen months later. bought one hundred and fifty acres from a Dutchman by the name of John Barret, paying the Hollander two horses and a wagon for it. For the lease to the first tract on which he lived a year and a half, he had given two horses and a wagon, while in return he was to get all the corn he could raise in 1812. Gray died in 1831 and his wife in 1843. His wife was the nurse and physician for a wide stretch of territory. While without any professional medical education, yet she had the gift of concocting teas and various and sundry potions, ointments and decoctions which brought her services into constant demand. Her services were eagerly sought and freely bestowed on all the suffering settlers; `by day and by night, in sunshine and storm, over roads next to impassible, sacrificing her own personal comfort, enduring fatigue, without pecuniary reward, she cheered the faint, raised the fallen and comforted the dying."

FIRST METHODIST CLASS MEETINGS.

The other prominent settler of 181 I, Alexander St. Clair Hunter, was born in Virginia in 1795, came to Wayne township in 1811 and located on a farm adjoining the present village of Mingo. He died in April, 1856, Sand his wife, Sarah, died in September, 1859. He was a great worker in the Methodist church and the first class meetings were held in his house. They had two sons, James W. and John S.. both of whom were born in the township. John S. married Charlotte Moots in 1868 and James W. married Sarah L. Price in 1858. James moved to Illinois in 1867, where he lived the remainder of his days, while John located on the old home farm and passed his declining days in the village of Mingo. Of the, two daughters of

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Alexander Hunter and wife, Mary Ann died unmarried at the age of twenty-four, and Sarah Jane became the wife of William Johnson.

A VERITABLE "MOTHER IN ISRAEL."

The Morecraft family, headed by Hester Morecraft, became prominent factors in the history of early Wayne township. In 1812 this widow, with four sons and two daughters, located on a tract near the present village of Cable. One of her sons, Richard, the eldest, did not come with the family, remaining in Cincinnati, where he died. The original home of the Morecrafts was in New York state. The other children were James, who lived in northwestern Ohio in later life; Samuel, who located in Auglaize county; Polly, who married Jesse Wickson; Jonathan, who died unmarried at the age of thirty-seven; Nancy, who married George Williams and lived at Kingston during her declining years ; Simeon, who married Elizabeth Rice. Of these children, Jonathan and Simeon took the more active part in Wayne township affairs. Jonathan was known as the strongest man in the neighborhood, a man of fine character, a great favorite with everyone and possessed of unusual financial ability. He had accumulated a comfortable fortune by the time of his death in 1835. His mother was accustomed to remark, "I have raised a number of sons, but only one Jonathan." Simeon Morecraft was married in 1828 to Elizabeth Rice, an Irish girl, and then moved to Allen county, but four years later found him back in Champaign county where he lived until his death, on March 26, 1876. His wife died on January 1, 1875. He started working as a farm hand in this county in 1806 and at the time of his death owned five hundred and forty acres of land and had six thousand dollars in specie. He had three children, James, John and Mary. Hester Morecraft, the founder of the family of this name in the county, was one of those motherly souls who were a blessing to the community in which they lived. She was always visiting the sick and suffering; always making sacrifices for those unable to provide for themselves; always constituting herself as sort of a visiting nurse, willing to go anywhere at any time. She was such another woman as Lydia Gray who has been previously mentioned.

AN EARLY MURDER RECALLED.

The year 1814 added Jack M. Sally and Boyd Richardson to the settle. ment. Sally was a bibulous Virginian who is remembered chiefly because 0f his connection with the murder of Thomas Blocson while the two con-

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vivial spirits were returning from Urbana. It seems that both were under the influence of whiskey and got into an altercation while in the wagon which resulted in a fight. In the midst of the fracas Sally drew a pocket knife and stabbed Blocson in the ribs, with the result that the latter died six days later. Sally was arrested, convicted and sentenced to the penitentiary for one year, but was reprieved by Gov. Wilson Shannon after serving only a short time. The stepson of Sally, Hiram Durnell, was largely responsible for the granting of the reprieve. Sally disposed of his farm to Alexander Pickard and the latter willed it to Bethany College of West Virginia. Pickard was a great worker in the Christian (Campbellite) church and left a will bequeathing his farm of one hundred and nine acres to the college of his church. The atlas of 1872 has the farm of one hundred and nine acres, west of Cable about a mile, marked as "Bethel College." It should have been marked "Bethany College." The college sold it in 1881 for three thousand six hundred dollars.

Boyd Richardson, a native of Grayson county, Virginia, came to Champaign county in 1814 and bought a tract in the southern part of the township and made his home on it until his death in April, 1852. His reputation rests upon his ability as a hunter and his interest in the welfare of the Baptist church.

The Middleton family made its first appearance in the township in 1815. In that year Thomas Middleton, a native of Virginia, came to the township and made his home there until his death.

ACTIVE WORKERS IN FRIENDS CHURCH.

The Cowgill family, originally from Virginia, came to Ohio in 1801, and settled in Columbiana county. In 1817 Thomas Cowgill, the head of the family, brought his wife and children to Champaign county and located in the western part of the township near Mt. Carmel church. The Cowgills were members of the Friends church and became the nucleus of the denomination in this county. The original family of this name consisted of the father and mother, seven sons and four daughters. The seven sons were Henry, Daniel, Thomas, Joseph, Levi, John and Eli ; the daughters were Ann, Susanna, Sarah and Lydia.

Thomas Cowgill, Sr.—(there were three Thomas Cowgills—the first Thomas was born July 27, 1777; the second Thomas in 1811 ; the third Thomas in 1840)—was born in Frederickstown, Virginia, in 1777, and died in Champaign county, September 14, 1846. His wife died on June 18, 1868.

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The second Thomas was six years of age when the family came to the county and he became a physician and surveyor of the county. The third Thomas, was a member of the Legislature and the first representative from Champaign county to be elected speaker of the House of Representatives. Eli Cowgill and his wife, Abrilla, were ministers of the Friends church, and probably traveled more widely than any ministers who have ever been connected with the churches of Champaign county. In 1876 they went to Europe in the interest of their church and before their return in May, 1878, they had traveled more than fifteen thousand miles. They spent nine months in Ireland and Scotland ; several weeks in Norway; passed over to Denmark and worked in the churches there ; passed through Germany and Holland, visited such churches of their denominations as were established ; next spent nine months in the northern part of England and Wales, where they worked among the members of their denomination. After spending some time in London they sailed for home on April 16, 1878, and reached home on the 5th of the following month.

THE IGOU FAMILY.

The first member of the Igou family to locate in Wayne township was Peter Igou, a native of Virginia, who first settled in Ross county, Ohio, and came to Champaign county about 1820. A few years later Paul Igou, a brother of Peter, located in the same vicinity with his brother, but removed to Christian county, Illinois, in 1853, where he lived to a' ripe old age. The Igou brothers were substantial citizens of very different characteristics. Peter first located on the banks of Kings creek near Mason's mill, and later sold his farm to Thomas Baldwin and bought a farm in the extreme southwestern part of the township. In 1848 he decided to quit farming and move to Middletown. He built a building on the Pearce corner and lived in the village until his death in 1852. Among many other characteristics he is reported as being "a man of generous heart, liberal in his views, well read on the current topics of the day, gifted in conversation, a little too fond of litigation, a professed Universalist, a good neighbor, a kind father and a good husband." He was a "squire" for several years and also served in other local official capacities. During the course of a long and eventful life he had two wives and three sons and three daughters, all of his children growing to maturity. One of his sons, Silas, studied law and became a noted politician before his death in 1877.

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Paul Igou, as has been said, came to the township after his brother had lived here several years. He was a hard-working man and a shrewd moneymaker, although he always entertained his friends with a lavishness quite uncommon in those days. Many stories are told showing his peculiar ways. His wife was Ellen Westbrook, a native of Ross county, and to them were born twelve children, eleven of whom grew to maturity. The sons were Lewis, Joseph, Marion, Harrison and Reuben ; the daughters were Martha,. Mary, Mahala, Susan, Elizabeth, Melinda and Nancy. Paul Igou is represented as being "an honest man, rude in his manners, a great reader, a fine talker, careless in his attire, very fond of company, a man of liberality and extensive hospitality and always lived well about the house."

TWO ECCENTRIC BACHELOR BROTHERS:

Mathew Mason, born in Virginia in 1789, came to Champaign county about 1824 and bought land in survey No. 4284. He was the principal part owner in the flouring-mill on Kings creek which bore his name for over half a century. He was a cheerful old bachelor, who enjoyed life, worked hard, and lived until he was eighty years of age, dying on October 3, 1869. For several years he carried on a distillery in connection with his grist-mill. His brothers John, also addicted to celibacy was, if possible, still more eccentric than his brother. He lived more secluded and more to himself than Mathew. He died at the age of ninety-five, surviving his brother a few years.

THE BALDWIN FAMILY.

The Baldwin family in this county was introduced by Richard Baldwin, who was horn in Virginia in 1795 ; came to Ohio with his parents in 1805, and to Champaign county in 1824. He lived in Salem township until 1839 and then bought a farm near Mason's mill in survey No. 4284, paying a dollar and a quarter an acre for a part of it and twelve dollars an acre for the remainder. He added to his possessions until he owned six hundred and twenty-seven acres, and, by combining farming and the buying and selling of stock, he became one of the wealthy men of the township. About 1850 he built a fine brick home—a mansion it was called in those days—which was probably the finest country home in the county up to that time. There he continued to reside until his death in 1870. He married Eleanor Williams and they had a number of children : Wilson, who married Mary Ann John-

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son; Sophia, who married William R. Clark ; Isaac Newton; who moved to Cincinnati and engaged in business; Mary Ann, who married Amos M. Wilson ; Luretha, who married Joseph W. Johnson; Hannah E., who lived in Cincinnati with her brother ; Richard Watson, who died while serving as a soldier during the Civil War; Eliza E., who married George W. Cable; Sally O., who became the wife of John M. Hunter, and Clara M., who married Moses E. Taylor.

MOVED GOODS ON A SLED.

One of the largest landowners of ante-bellum days was Cephas Atkinson, a native of York county, Pennsylvania, born in in 1790, and a resident of Ohio from 1815 until death in 1860 at the age of seventy. His wife was Abigail Owen, born in Tennessee in 1795, and a woman of more than usual strength of character. They were members of the Friends church and after their marriage at Center Meeting in Clinton county, Ohio, in 1815, they put all of their household belongings upon a little sled and hauled it out to their little cabin, where they began housekeeping in a truly primitive fashion. They lived very frugally and in a few years bought a hundred acres in Greene county and a few years later added a thousand acres in Clark. By this time Atkinson was giving most of his attention to stock raising. In 1838 he sold his Clark county land and came to Champaign county and for twenty-five dollars an acre bought three hundred and thirty-three acres; part of which included the present site of the town of Mingo. This land was bought from Otho Johnson and Maria Hunter and later passed into the hands of his son-in-law, James Hunt.

Atkinson expected to devote this large farm to stock and grain raising but changed his mind. He was getting along in years and did not care to launch out into extensive operations as he had been doing for several years previously. Later in life he purchased one thousand five hundred acres in Madison county, but he continued to make his home in Wayne township until his death in November, 1860, at the age of seventy. He left an estate, valued at one hundred thousand dollars. While he was engaged so extensively in farming and stock raising, his memory is revered for the part he took in the abolition movement in the county. Being a Quaker he was averse to war. At one time he refused to turn out for a militia muster and as a result he was arrested and fined. He refused to pay the fine and when the officers of the law came to collect they seized the side-saddle of Mrs. Atkinson and sold it to meet the fine. His house was the home for every fugitive

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negro who passed through the county. The colored man always found a warm friend in Cephas Atkinson ; a friend who fed him, clothed him, furnished him with money and the means of transportation to the next place of concealment. No one will ever know how many negroes were carried through Champaign county by way of "the underground railroad" during the two decades before the Civil War, but it is certain that no man in the county did more to facilitate their journey than the good old Quaker, Cephas Atkinson.

Atkinson and his wife had eight children who grew to maturity, but only one of the number, Margaret C., who married James Hunt, became a resident of Champaign county. The other children were Isaac, Levi, John, Joseph, James, William and Thomas. The mother of these children died in December, 1875, at the age of eighty.

LEADERS IN THEIR NEIGHBORHOOD.

In 1832, Thomas and David Wilson, brothers, came to Wayne township and located east and south of Middletown. Thomas had come from New York state to Clark county and then came up into Champaign and bought land of James Galloway, the original proprietor, for one dollar and twenty-five cents an acre. He was married in Clark county to Lockie Pemberton and they reared a family of nine children : James, Hiram, William, Isaac, David K.., Margaret, Catherine, Hannah and Cinderella. Thomas Wilson died about the middle of the seventies. His brother, David, came direct from Pennsylvania to Wayne township the same year Thomas located in the township. He was twice married and had seven daughters by his second wife : Sarah, the wife of William Corbett; Rebecca; the wife of Marion Corbett; Nancy J., the wife of Amassa Corbett; Christina, the wife of Aaron W. Devore ; Margaret ; Nettie, the wife of Coleman Spain; Emma, the wife of Oliver Haines, and Laura A., who died at the age of eleven. David Wilson died in March, 1876. These two brothers, Thomas and David Wilson, were leaders in their' neighborhood for nearly half a century.

THE OLD NATIONAL ROAD.

The first half of the thirties brought in a large number of new settlers into the township. The old national road was built through Ohio in the latter part of the twenties and the first half of the thirties and this enabled thousands to reach the West who had heretofore hesitated the hazardous river and overland trip. It has been said that more than ten million people

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passed along the national road by the time of the opening of the Civil War, and Ohio secured a few of these several millions. There was a considerable amount of land which was still in the hands of the original proprietors as late as 1840 and there are those now living who can recall that at the time of the Civil War the township was still heavily forested in many places.

SETTLERS DURING THE EARLY THIRTIES.

Among the settlers of the early thirties may be mentioned Elijah Breedlove, Ezra Lamborn, William Clinton, Jefferson Dempcy, John B. Paden, William Lary and the Martin brothers. Breedlove located in the township in 1832 in the southeastern part of the township and lived there until his death in 1861. His four sons, William, Lewis I., David C. and Thomas H., became substantial citizens of the township. His one daughter, Mary Ann, became the wife of E. W. Stafford.

Lamborn, a native of Pennsylvania, came to Ohio in 1835, and bought seven hundred acres between Cable and Brush lake. It is interesting to note that the land at that time was only worth two dollars and fifty cents an acre. He had three sons and two daughters, Marshall, Nathan, Ezekiel, Margaretta and Rebecca. Margaretta became the wife of Ephriam Woodward and died on October 26, 1868, leaving her husband with five children. Rebecca married David Edwards. None of Lamborn's sons settled in this township.

William Clinton located at Clinton Corners on the first day of the year, 1838. He was married in Maryland in December, 1814, to Sarah Parker and to this union were born three children, Thomas, Margaret and Sarah. After the death of his first wife he married Peggy Gary and three children were the result of this second union, Henry, Margaret and Elizabeth. After the death of his second wife he married Polly Guthridge. Thomas went West, Margaret married Edward Middleton, Sarah became the wife of Thomas Douglas and Henry died at the age of eighteen.

The Dempcy family was one of the several families of the Friends church to come from Pennsylvania to Champaign County in the thirties. Jefferson Dempcy was born in the Keystone state in 1802 and located in Wayne township with his family in 1835. He bought a tract of land about half way between Brush lake and the present village of Cable and made his home there until his death in the eighties. He paid three dollars and fifty cents an acre for his first tract and later made substantial additions to his first purchase. Dempcy had seven children : Ezekiel, who married Ann E. Cox ; Ezra L., who married. Lucretia Pennington and became a large

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and owner; Isaac, who married Hannah Wilson ; Marshall, who had an enviable career in the Civil War, later served in the General Assembly of Ohio from Cleveland and became a prominent resident of that city ; Anna, who became the wife of John Swisher and moved to Pennsylvania; Margaret E., who married L. C. Guthridge, of Mingo, and Mary M., who became the wife of Charles A. Barley.

A COUSIN OF PRESIDENT BUCHANAN.

John B. Paden, a full first-cousin of James Buchanan, President of the United States just preceding the opening of the Civil War, was born in Cumberland county, Pennsylvania, August 15, 1800. He came to Champaign county in 1833, but did not locate in Wayne township until 1837. He was a weaver by trade, but devoted. most of his attention to farming after coming to this county. He was married twice before coming to Champaign county and once after locating here. Two of his sons, Ross and James E., served with distinction in the. Civil War. Paden was constable of his township for six consecutive years.

The Lary family was introduced to the township in the latter part of the twenties, when William Lary settled in the northeastern part of the township. Born in 1800, he came to Wayne township in 1826, but three years later moved over into Salem township and located near the Pepper mill. He soon moved back into Wayne and for thirteen years lived on what was then known as the Camby farm, later the Tehan farm. He bought fifty acres of the farm of Reese Miller in 1843 and lived on this until his death in 1864. Of his sons, three became well-known citizens of Wayne township—John H., James M. and Ira W. The others located elsewhere. There were two daughters. Martha died in Mingo in 1879, while the other became the wife of George Allen and settled in Middletown in this township.

DECLINE IN POPULATION.

Strange as it may seem, Wayne township probably had more actual inhabitants in 1840 than it has in 1917. The middle of the thirties saw large tracts still covered with native forests, and yet the records will show that many of the school districts at that time had several times as many pupils enrolled as they have today. In fact, many of the school districts in the county have been discontinued because of the failing attendance. The decade from 184o to 1860 saw a decline of nearly two hundred in the population of

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the township, and the 1910 census clearly indicated that the township had fewer inhabitants by 555 than it had in 1860 at the opening of the Civil War. In 1860 the population was 1,827, while in 1910 it amounted to only 1,272.

SCHOOLS.

The early school houses of the township were like the early dwelling houses and all the other buildings--that is, they were made of logs. The first building erected for school purposes was in the western part of the township near the. Mt. Carmel church and was built about 1813 or 1814 by a number of the settlers of the community headed by Isaac Gray. It was such a structure as appeared in the early days of each township and was used until the settlers were able to put up a better building. The building erected for a Methodist church on the farm of B. R. Tallman was also used for school purposes during the latter part of the twenties. As the population increased additional school houses were provided until the number finally reached eleven. With consolidation and centralization of the schools in the county nine of these schools have been discontinued until there are now only two schools in operation. A more extended discussion of the schools of the township may be seen in the educational chapter.

CHURCHES.

The Methodists seemed to have had the first regular church organization in the township. They erected a church, a log structure, near the present site of Mingo about 1824, and called it North Salem. This house was used until 1838, when a school house became the headquarters of the congregation. They held their services in school houses at different places in the northern part of the township until 1851, when the Salem church was erected on the farm of Joshua Spain.. This building stood about a half mile south of the Logan county line on the road leading from Mechanicsburg to West Liberty. The principal members of the Methodist church were the Spains, Devores, Millers, Goodes, Larys, Morgans, Martins, Russells, Igous, Inskeep, Sharps, Everetts, Thomases, Haineses, Coles and a few others.

The Sanctuary was the name applied to a church erected in 1842 by the Congregational Methodists. It stood on the farm of John (Mingo) Thomas, northwest of Mingo, and housed the feeble congregation as long as it lived. It lasted less than a decade and then the building passed into the hands of

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the Protestant Methodists and they were able to maintain themselves for about ten years, 1850-1860. The Baptists next took charge of the building and they had it for six years, giving it up in order to make use of a house of their own. The building has long since disappeared. The Mingo Baptists started up after the Middletown Baptist's became so weak they could not maintain their organization. The latter had a congregation locally known as the Pleasant Run church. The Mingo Baptits dedicated their building on February 3, 1867.

The Friends have been strong in the township since the days of the Cowgills, their first organization dating from about 1825. Their first building appeared in 1832 and this was succeeded in 1873 by a second building. The main families of the church in its early history were the Cowgills, Ryans, Baldwins, Robinsons, Millers, Grays and .others. Eli Cowgill and his wife, Abrilla, served the congregation for a long period of years as ministers.

Jenkins chapel made its appearance in 1863 and was the successor of another church known as "Clinton's meeting house" which stood about two hundred yards farther east. This first church was built about 1842, following the preaching efforts of Andrew Williams, a Congregational Methodist preacher. In this first building the United. Brethren and Methodist Protestants alternately worshipped for a number of years. Finally the congregations amalgamated under the name and title of Methodist Protestant and in 1863 erected the building known as Jenkins chapel. This church stood about a mile and a half southeast of Cable.

The first church building in Cable was started as a Presbyterian church, but the few citizens of the village and the surrounding community all went together to assist in its construction. Before it was completed it was seen that the expense of building would fall on Hiram Cable, the founder of the town, so he decided to sell it to a group of Methodists who offered to take the unfinished building off of his hands for three hundred and fifty dollars. The Christian church at Cable was organized about 1860. For many years a camp ground was maintained by the Methodists half a mile north of Cable. The site was known as Mount Olivet or Sodom camp meeting ground. It came into existence in 1833 and maintained a regular summer Methodist revival meeting for six years, at the end of which time it was discontinued.

INDUSTRIES.

The first mill in the township seems to have been built on Kings creek, near the west side of the township, by Mathew Mason, Thomas Baldwin and

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David Williams. It was provided with an overshot wheel, sixteen feet in diameter, and was in operation as early as 1830. Shortly after the mill was completed Williams retired from the firm and Baldwin & Mason continued alone for four years. Mason then became the sole owner and he proceeded to attach a distillery to the mill and for about twenty years he operated the flouring-mill and distillery with a goodly profit to himself. His brother, John, was associated with him for a number of years. Mason leased the distillery and mill in December, 1855, to Benjamin Bosler for a period of seven years, but it is not certain that the lessee operated it for the full term of the lease.

Mathew Mason died October 3, 1869, in his eighty-first year. For a number of years prior to his death the mill and distillery had stood idle, but after the death of Mason, James Taylor, as administrator, sold the mill to W. D. and J. A. Linville for two thousand three hundred and five dollars. They overhauled the plant, installed two turbine wheels, added steam power and put the mill in first class condition. In 1875 Henry Wolfe became the owner and during the next three years the mill changed hands several times. Wolfe had it only a few months and disposed of it to Gruff Kelley and the latter shortly afterwards sold it to Emeline Getting. She sold it to Cuykendall & Kirtland. In 1878 the new firm, which had been in charge only a short time, sold it to H. Kesler for three thousand dollars. Kesler sold it in 1881 to James and William Turpie, speculators, and they turned it over to Daniel Parlett two years later. Parlett seems to have had the mill for about a decade; at least the mill was transferred to Elwood S. McClelland in 1894. The next owners were Nelson B. and Ivan T. Johnson who secured it in 1903 and in 1912 the old mill site became the sole property of Nelson B. Johnson. The old mill itself has long since disappeared, and nothing remains to tell the story but the old race.

A mill was established about 1840 on the headwaters of Spains creek by Joel Woodward and Stephen Hannum. It was a flouring-mill and was operated by water power. The first owner soon sold out to Hiram Mead and thereafter it was known as Mead's mill, although it was later owned by Samuel Child, and still later by David Smith. Thomas Hunter finally became the owner of the mill and after finding that the mill needed extensive repairs in order to do satisfactory work he decided to discontinue it. By the opening of the Civil War it had ceased operation and within a few years it had disappeared entirely. It stood about two miles east of Mingo near the present crossing of the Erie railroad and Spains creek.

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One of the pioneer grist-mills of this township was located on what is commonly known as the John Tehan farm east of Mingo. The mill-race was dug by a man by the name of Good, and evidences of the race and the mill are still in existence. The mill received its water power from the "Big Springs," whose water supply has always been inexhaustible.

What was known as the Pepper mill was located in the northwestern part of the township, and was both a saw- and grist-mill. Asa Williams was the proprietor for many years, following W. Inskip, who had a reputation for making money not only in his capacity as a miller, but by actual manufacture of it. It was discovered in later years that he made a great deal of counterfeit money which circulated with ease and with no suspicion at the time.

A COAL MINE.

Not far from this mill and near the Slatestone school house remain evidences of a misguided industry. The early settlers were impressed with the idea that coal existed in the hills and so sincere were they in their belief that at one time a tunnel nearly one hundred feet long was dug into the side of a hill, but their efforts met with no reward.

CABLE.

The little village of Cable is located near the center of Wayne township in the northern part of Survey No. 4516. It was platted by James B. Armstrong, county surveyor, on December 12, 1851, and February 19, 1852, for Philander L. Cable. The plat was recorded on April 5, 1852. The original plat contained thirty lots. The first house on the site of the village was erected in 1851 by Henry Nincehelser, who came to the township in the fall of that year with his young bride from their Pennsylvania home.

The beginning of the village reads like a romance. Young Nincehelser was twenty-four years of age when he arrived and his possessions consisted of his young wife, fourteen cents in cash and a few household effects which they had brought with them from their old home in the Keystone state. This first settler was a blacksmith by trade and as soon as he settled he opened a shop which soon became the center of a thriving village. When he arrived lucre on a beautiful day in the fall of 1851, he and his young wife tramped along the creek, hand in hand, looking for a suitable place along Kings creek where they could pitch their home. They saw many high spots, but they

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wanted one where there was a spring. Such a place they finally found—an this spot became, as events later proved, the center of the future village Cable.

The young blacksmith had located in the community at the instance of Hiram Cable, who, with his brother, Philander L. Cable, was a large landowner in this part of the township. Cable had assured him that he could furnish him plenty of Work and this proved to be the case. It was but two or three years before a number of houses had been built around the house and shop of the first settler—so fast, in fact, did a number of settlers gather at this spot along the creek that P. L. Cable started platting a village in December. 1851. During the following year the Pan Handle railroad was being built through the county and the little village was the center of a construction crew and grew amazingly. The young blacksmith and his wife boarded a number of the construction crew, and, because the young wife was such a fine cook, the railroad men promised her the honor of riding on the first train that should run into Urbana.

The home of this worthy couple is now occupied by the Rudisell Hotel. The original settler of the village died August 7, 1914, his wife having passed away on August 5, 1905. They had four sons. John J. followed the blacksmith trade for a number of years and is now engaged in the mercantile business in the village. Another son, Grant, had a hardware and implement store in the village for twenty years, but is now living a retired life.

A STORY OF OVERREACHING AMBITION.

The Cable brothers were soon in such financial straits that they were forced to dispose of a large amount of their holdings in the township, including the lots, in the village of Cable which they still owned. In the county recorder's office is filed (Plat Book A., pp. 78-79) a two-page plat of the village and adjoining lands to the total amount of one thousand one hundred and two acres and one hundred and thirty-seven perches, all of which were to be sold, or to use the exact language of the court order : "The entire premises to be sold without reserve at auction on the 27th December, 1855, by P. L. and H. Cable—the Rail Road chartered from Columbus and Piqua and intermediate points to carry persons free to and from the sale."

Back of this forced sale lies a story of the overreaching ambition of a man to handle more land than he could manage. The Cables had become indebted to the railroad company to such an extent that they were unable to meet the demands of the company, and the forced sale of part of their exten-

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sive holdings was the result. The plat of Cable as recorded in 1855 shows a steam saw-mill at the west end of the village along the railroad ; a large warehouse, which, according to the description was in a Jot containing one hundred and forty-five perches of land; a Presbyterian church building on out-lot No. 6 on Fillmore street; and eight other buildings, which, from the plat appear to be dwelling houses. The village by 1855 had been enlarged to fifty-five lots by P. L. Cable.

The village suffered a temporary lapse after the railroad was completed and grew slowly for several years, although in 1860 it Was returned with a population of one hundred and thirty-one. By 1872 the village contained about twenty houses and a few stores and other 'buildings. There was a Christian church on lot No. 37 and a Methodist church on the site of the Presbyterian church of 1855—the same building. In 1872 John M. Shaul was the proprietor of the largest store ; Henry Nincehelser was still operating his blacksmith and S. S. Parr also had a similar establishment; M. V. Keesecker ran a small shoe shop; J. Miller had a wagon shop; A. Graham was the proprietor of the saw mill ; Thomas Simpson was a dealer in fruit trees ; Hiram McClellan was the express agent; Albert Ramsey was the station agent; Horatio Havens was the only resident physician; and the Odd Fellows had a building. McClellan also operated a cider press at the edge of the village during the eighties.

FURTHER PROGRESS OF VILLAGE.

The next decade showed a decided growth in the village, not so much in way of an increased population, as in the amount and character of the business transacted in the village. The population had increased to one hundred and seventy-two by 1880. The business interests in that year included the following: General stores, W. R. Shaul,. Donovan & Crisman ; restaurant, J. A. Galloway ; shoe shop, Martin V. Keesecker ; grain dealers, Hardman & Hess; stock dealers, Hess & Organ; wagon- and carriage-makers, Jacob Miller, Albert Gray, Nincehelser & Son, Charles Wallace (and most of these wagon-makers were also blacksmiths) ; saw-mill, Charles M. Graham; physicians, Samuel C. Moore and G. W. Swimley ; veterinary surgeon; John M. Lame; telegraph operator, Philander Guthridge ; station and express agent, Wesley Hardman ; band leader, Richard Johnson ; insurance agent, W. E. Fuson. Charles Dempsey conducted a general store in Cable for several years.

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The business and professional interests of Cable in 1917 are represented by the following: 0. M. Clark, elevator, grain and stock dealer; Edward Keesecker, general store; J. W. Middleton, general store ; Dr. A. H. Middleton, physician, and John Nincehelser, general store.

MINGO.

The village of Mingo was known as Mulberry at first, the name being suggested by the presence of a large mulberry tree on the site of the village when it was being platted in 1866. It was laid out for Ebenezer C. Williams in March, '1866, and owes its location to the construction of the Erie railroad through the northern part of Wayne township at that time. It is located on surveys 3684 and 4534 and as originally platted contained twenty-seven lots.

According to local accounts the location of the village on its present site was prophesied by Alexander St. Clair Hunter as early as 1844. In a conversation with Rev. B. W. Gehman in that year, .Hunter turned to the preacher and pointing to the large mulberry tree standing near them said: "There will be a railroad through this valley some day and right by that mulberry tree will be a village." The railroad came--the village came—and it was called Mulberry. Later its name was changed to Mingo, at the request of a number. of the citizens headed by Thomas Hunter, and it has since been known by this Indian title.

MILL THE NUCLEUS OF THE VILLAGE.

Two years before the village was platted the Guthridge saw-mill was built by E. C. Williams. When the town was laid. out all of the original twenty-seven lots were on the south side of the railroad. There was only one house on the site until the fall of 1865, and it was the dwelling of Mary Guthridge. About the same time the Biggs House, the first caravansary, was erected on lot 6; Jonathan Guthridge, on lot 1, and Rees Miller, on lot 4, built houses in the fall of 1865. The largest building to be erected in 1865 was the Stevenson flouring-mill which was erected by E. C. Williams on the north side of the railroad, east of the saw-mill, and just across the street from the warehouse and railroad station erected the following year. Williams also erected the John S. Hunter house and had it ready for occupancy in December, 1865. In the fall of that year J. L. Guthridge and J. B. Brinton opened the first store on the corner of east Main street. This completes the

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building operations for the first year of the village--a flouring-mill, st0re building, hotel and five dwellings. This is rather an unusual beginning for a town and is a tribute to the faith of its first citizens in the future possibilities of the town. The railroad, it will be remembered, was not built through the valley until 1864, and, according to the local papers, the rails were laid through the street of the future village. of Mingo on Sunday, April 24, 1864.

The year 1866, the second year the town was in existence, and the first that it had a legal existence as far as being set off- as a town is concerned, saw renewed interest in the welfare of the little village. In this year the flouring-mill began operation ; David Williams and J. I,. Guthridge started the erection of a large business block; Henry T. Raymond built a large store room west of the mill and opened ready for business in the late fall of 1866. One other event of importance in 1866 was the location of a postoffice in the village with J. L. Guthridge as postmaster. Mrs. Crain built a building in the fall of 1866 on the north side of the railroad which she occupied as a hotel. Finally the Baptist church made its appearance in 1866 on lot 23.

PROGRESS OF VILLAGE OPERATIONS.

In 1867 the town was still on a boom. In fact, there was probably more building done in the first three years of its history than any succeeding three years. E. C. Williams built a residence for himself in 1867 and gave a housewarming party on June 4, 1867. H. P. Raymond built a store room on lot 3 in that summer, the building which was later owned by F. M. McAdams, J. B. Brinton erected a dwelling house in 1867 and Frank Pearl built the Mitchell property about the same time.

The following two years, 1868 and 1869, saw a falling off in building operations. The school house was built in 1868 on an out-lot and the Methodist church in 1869 on lot 15. The Baptist and Methodist churches were both built by the carpenter firm of Williams & Marks. As the years have gone by new houses and other buildings have made their. appearance. But the village has remained essentially a small trading center. It is not possible to follow the various changes` in the ownership of the many stores which have come and gone. In the seventies William J. Sullivan and W. S. Runkle were the practicing physicians. Runkle studied medicine under Sullivan and in the spring of 1873 bought the practice of his former preceptor, having graduated that spring from Miami Medical College. At the time Runkle was the only physician in the village, and he was the only one for several

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years. Dr. Will Unkefer and Dr. A. M. Zeigler followed Runkle. The first drug store in the village was opened by Patrick A. Callahan in December, 1879. He kept a varied assortment of liquors, drugs, medicines and sundries.

EARLY MERCHANTS OF MINGO.

F. M. McAdams came from Mutual to Mingo in December, 1870, and bought the store and property of H. T. Raymond on lot 3. McAdams was a justice of the peace, school teacher, storekeeper and newspaper writer by turn—sort of a jack of all trades. As a result his mercantile business suffered and in 1874 he made an assignment. He then gave all of his attention to other vocations. Other merchants of the seventies and eighties in addition to those mentioned Were Lewis C. Guthridge, Aaron Mitchell and Charles H. Hubbell. LeRoy R. Marshall was a harness maker of the eighties and S. B. Weddell was a shoemaker. The blacksmiths in the seventies and eighties were Stout & Searl, James M. Lary, Nathan O. Eleyet and Willard Leonard. Leonard and Eleyet were also wagon-makers. In the eighties James Curl was a dealer in cisterns and pumps and during season operated a sorghum factory. It is interesting to note in this connection that thirty and forty years ago every farmer raised a patch of sorghum, but that in 1916 there was scarcely any grown. It seems that the taste for the succulent cane has disappeared and that people would rather eat Orleans molasses on their morning cakes.

The Mingo Flouring Mills passed into the hands of E. O. Stevenson after the death of E. C. Williams and were in operation until destroyed by fire. During the early days the mill had more than a local reputation. A man by the name of Blackburn was the miller and so satisfactory was his work that people came twenty to twenty-five miles for their flour and grist.

POSTOFFICE.

The village was supplied with a postoffice in 1866, with J. L. Guthridge as postmaster. He served in this capacity until about 1880, when he resigned and William Hoppock was appointed. The latter served four years and was followed by D. T. Runkle who was postmaster from 1884 to 1888. William Hoppock was again appointed to the office and was succeeded by P. A. Callahan. He was followed by his daughter Lela Callahan who has occupied the office for several years.

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The business interests of the village are characteristic of the average hamlet and for 1917 include the following: W. G. Lee, Marion Guthridge, and J. R. McElwain, general stores; L. R. Marshall, harness shop; E. C. Help, pool room and soft drinks; O. M. Clark, elevator ; Dr. A. M. Zeigler, physician; Russell hotel, Mrs. H. C. Russell; Springfield Pure Milk Creamery; B. F. Carter, blacksmith; D. T. Runkle, station agent. Of these business men Marion Guthridge and D. T. Runkle have been in business longer than any of the others. Runkle became station agent in 1874 and has served in this capacity for the Erie railroad since that year. He bears the distinction of having been in the employ of the railroad longer than any other man.

Nothing is of more vital interest to people than their public school system. Mingo now has a school building that is a model of design and architecture. The building has all of the conveniences and equipment of a city school, including a splendid auditorium seventy-five by forty-eight feet, equipped with a standard motion-picture machine, a fine gymnasium, and lab0rat0ries. The building will be ready for occupancy in the fall of 1917 under the direction of Prof. B. A. Aughenbaugh who has taken an active interest in its planning and designing.

MIDDLETOWN.

Middletown is located in Wayne township, a short distance north of the center, and in survey No. 3495. It is about midway between Mingo and Cable, that is, about equidistant from the two railroads running through the township. Its location has been unfavorable for growth because it was not its good fortune to be on either of the two railroads.

There is no question but that the site of the village was determined by the crossing of the Urbana-North Lewisburg and Woodstock-Mingo pikes. Even before a village was planned, a man by the name of Holycross was operating a little store at the crossroads. Its most prosperous career was in the years before the railroads reached the township, since, with their advent, the villages of Mingo to the north and Cable to the south became the trading centers of the township. Middletown was laid out in 1833 for John Miller. The geographical location of the village is no doubt responsible for the name which its proprietor gave it. It has also been called Darty, and this latter name is still frequently used by the older citizens..

So many years have elapsed since Middletown has been what might be called a village that there are few living who can recall when it was in the

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height of its prosperity. A number of storekeepers held sway in former years, among them being Amos Brinton, Benjamin Moffit, R. Simpson, John T. McCartney, Benjamin Dillon, D. and T. M. Gwynne, Holmes & Apple, Austin & White, Rhoades & Ware, Hallowell & Rhoades, Jacob S. Bailey and Kendall & Wells. J. G. Rhoades and Harry White are the proprietors of the two village stores in 1917. There was a postoffice established in the village in 1838 and discontinued in 1872. During this period Brinton, Moffit, Simpson, McCartney and a few others were postmasters. The office was known as Brinton in honor of the first postmaster, Middletown not being accepted by the postoffice department for a name because there was another office of the same name in the state.

AN ACTIVE SPORTING CENTER.

The building in Middletown now occupied by J. G. Rhodes and used as a general store was originally built for a hotel by a man named Igoe. The structure was quite elaborate for those days and contained one of the most pretentious' ballrooms in this section of the country. People came here to attend dances from far and near and the' mere mention of Middletown brought joy to the hearts of both young and old. But the dance hall was not the only joy-producing feature of the village, as at one time'there were seven saloons in active operation. Sunday horseracing, cock fights, dog fights and fistic combats were regular occurrences.

The four main corners of the village in ante-bellum days were called after the men who erected buildings on them. The northeast corner was known as the Pearce or Igou corner, the southeast as the Walker corner, the southwest as the Frizell corner, the northwest as the Moffit corner. In the years of its affluence the village boasted of a hotel and the wants of man and beast were supplied by a succession of proprietors, among whom were Allison Walker, Robert Frizell, Silas Igou, Isaac Brown, Aaron Pearce, George Bedford and Charles Hill. John P. Williams was a shoemaker, John J. Harlan was a blacksmith and David Smith a wagonmaker in antebellum days. Smith died in the army. Doctors Gould Johnson, George W. Crawford and McCann & Forshea practiced in the village before the eighties.

In 1917 Middletown is only the shadow of its former self. The once .thriving trading center is reduced to two stores, one owned by J. G. Rhoades and the other by White Brothers; a blacksmith shop and half a dozen dwell-

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ing houses. There was once a Baptist church in the village, but it has long since disappeared. Even the village does not boast of a public-school building, although it formerly had a school house within its limits.

The reason why the village has declined lies in the fact that it was not touched by either of the railroads built through the township. When the Pennsylvania went through the township in 1854 and Cable was at once laid out, Middletown began to decline. When the Erie was built through during the last year of the Civil War and Mingo came into existence, Middletown was practically depopulated in favor of one of the other of the two villages on the railroad.

CHAPTER XI.

UNION TOWNSHIP.

Union township is one of the townships crossed by the Ludlow Line and consequently part of its surveys are very much confused. Its Congress land lies in township 6, sections 24, 30 and 36 being in range and the remaining sections of Congress land being in range 11, with the exception of fractional section 31 of range 12. All of these sections thus described are west of the Ludlow Line, which enters the township in the southeastern part of section 24 and bears west of north, passing out of the township about the center of section 31, township 6, range 12.

As has been stated, most of the land east of the Ludlow Line, that is, the military land, was not settled by the soldiers to whom it was granted in varying sized tracts. The official records list the military surveys only by number, but in the appended list of surveys it must be understood that only a part of them are included entirely 1,vithin the present Union township. The survey

numbers, the acreage of each survey and the original proprietors are given in the succeedina table.

Survey No.	Acres	Original Proprietor
4859 3230 3229 4697 5049 10425 4666 4520 4958 5150 5057 4932 8608 4507 8422	550 640 640 666 2/3 200 640 1,000 675 500 370 50 500 22 100 110	L. Hollingsworth Augustine Smith Augustine Smith Peter Pelham John McKinney John Evans Thomas Browder R Osborn Finley, Denny & Barreth John Goode W Tidball R Means James Galloway Thomas Browder Gross Scruggs
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3684 12795 5050 1147 4534 3695 3007, 9812, 10099 and 10327 4606 and 4741 9680 and 8997 6966 and 7024 12382 and 12288 4922 5169 5123 1118 5158 4284 4512 4753 4516 9455 6985 6238 7311 4182 4544 9401 13005 5596 1386 8793	720 75 200 .... 1,200 666 2/3 366 666 ½ 700 300 60 150 393 200 2,000 400 742 600 560 1,064 200 450 1,000 1,958 1,000 1,200 150 200 830 400 300	J Calderwood John Evans Jacob Poe Benjamin Biggs Gabriel Peterson Thomas Frazier Ladd & Norville Thomas Sears Ladd & Norville James Galloway T. Melton & J. Galloway John Barreth H Morton William Herbert George Weeden George Pomeroy R Armstrong John Kean William Heath John Campbell Thomas H. Hinde David Black George Hoffman James Galloway Samuel Smith John Campbell Clough Shelton Allen Latham William Washington Joseph Swearington William Boniface

Survey No.	Acres	Original Proprietors
4185 4186 4181 1386 8793 8774 and 8841 4157 4407 3450 4212 9027 3498 4213 5145	200 700 1,000 400 300 100 1/3 1,000 170 825 2,000 1,876 500 2,000 1,000	A. Petrie J Bellefield Samuel Smith Joseph Swearington William Boniface Ann Garnett Samuel Smith John Haines John Kean P. R. F. Lee Thomas S. Hinde Wm. Glendenning & Wm.McClung P R. F. Lee Robert Means
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8277 4182 13005 4544 12382 and 12288 5596 6195 4211 8149 5822 5572 9842 9654 1095 13149 8767 and 8703 1820 6349 8763 14983	450 1,000 200 1,200 60 830 2,600 1,200 6 20 52 75 70 28 248 194 50 2,000 330 18	John Dawson Samuel Smith Allen Lathan John Campbell T Melton & J. Galloway William Washington Thomas Ruffins P R F Lee Benjamin Cheney Theodoric Spain Charles Spencer James Galloway Benjamin Cheney Benjamin Cheney Duncan McArthur Walter Dunn Theodoric Spain A Hobson Walter Dunn George Dawson (Nov. 3, 1846)