350 - CHAMPAIGN COUNTY, OHIO in Champaign county, which, at twenty-five cents a dozen, would bring a quarter of a million dollars. Eggs alone brought in a revenue to the farmers of the county more than equal to the total value of the wool clip, plus the value of the sheep. This does not count the value of the hens themselves, and 123,193 hens were reported on April 1, 1916. The county has several chicken fanciers, the most prominent of these being Donna Hanley, of Mechanicsburg. She has exhibited her main breed, Partridge Rocks, all over the United States. She has carried off ribbons in exhibits from coast to coast and finds a ready sale for her birds in all parts of the United States. Loren Harner, a clerk in Hatton's Drug Store, at Urbana, is a chicken raiser, but has earned his greatest reputation as a poultry judge. He has officiated at the chicken shows in many parts of the country. Homer Crumrine raises Buff Orpingtons and has won a large number of prizes with his birds. John Linville, of Cable, is another chicken fancier of the county who has won several premiums. In addition to the chickens raised in the county many farmers raise turkeys, ducks, geese and guineas, all of which are readily marketable. Separate returns are not made by the assessors for these latter. AGRICULTURAL STATISTICS FOR MAY 1, 1917. The report to the county auditor on May 1, 1917, of the agricultural statistics furnishes an interesting study in comparison with the crops of a year ago. Never before in the history of the United States has there been such an effort to induce the farmers to grow large crops. Never before has the nation at large taken up the question of the food. supply with the earnestness it did in the spring of 1917. Champaign county was flooded with literature asking the farmers of the county "to do their bit" and a glance at the following report shows that . they were planning for larger crops for 1917 than ever before. The following synopsis is compiled from the report of the auditor which in turn was compiled by his office from the report of the township assessors : As opposed to 1916, 51,967 acres in corn, 55,030 are planted to corn in 1917. As opposed to 23,842; acres sown for wheat in 1916, there are 25,724 acres in 1917. A comparison of figures of last year and this shows rye on the increase over the county and oats on the decrease. • The rye figures. are 3,218 acres in 1916 and 5,087 acres in 1917. Oats figures show 15,264 acres of oats in 1916 and 12,961 in 1917. The report shows that honey bees in the county last year produced CHAMPAIGN COUNTY, OHIO - 351 13,653 pounds of honey. There were, at the end of April, 1917, 18,912 head of cattle in the county, and hogs marketsde ready for summer mafkets numbered 12,430 at the end of April. The report shows that 318 sheep were lost to sheep-killing dogs and 129,902 pounds of tobacco were produced during 1916. It also shows that 96 farmers ,retired in 1916, leaving their farms and going into villages to live. One hundred and thirty farms in the county are rented and 187 persons work for wages on the farms. PATRONS OF HUSBANDRY The beginning of the Patrons of Husbandry dates back to the year following the close of the Civil War. The department of agriculture had sent an agent to the Southern states to investigate farming condition's and found them in such a wretched state that it was deemed advisable to organize some kind of a movement which should enlist all the farmers of the-country. As first outlined the Patrons of Husbandry, as the organization was called, had some of the features of a secret society; there were signs, words, degrees and a beautifully worked out 'ritual. With the backing of the national government it was soon put in a position where it commanded the attention of the leading farmers of the country. Its purpose was stated in a very brief preamble : "To secure a more social intercourse; to encourage a more thorough education, and a more general diffusion of knowledge; to promote the thrift of the farmers by broader knowledge, by higher farming and by all legitimate means that 'individuals or communities may of right do; to build up a nobler and better manhood and womanhood in the agricultural class." Men and women were admitted to membership on an equal basis. Originally it planned to be a lodge, lyceum, debating society, farmers' club and -an exchange. The latter meant the installation of a store or some sort of a co-operative buying agency to which all the members might belong. With such aims and purposes the Patrons of Husbandry appealed for support to the farmers of the United States, a non-political support, and a support which on the face of it meant everything to the farmer. And it prospered exceedingly until politics entered the organization in the latter part of the seventies. The "grange" reached Champaign county in 1873, the same year that the movement was inaugurated in the state. Seth H. Ellis. was the first state master ; John W. Ogden, of Urbana, was the first state lecturer ; P. W. 352 - CHAMPAIGN COUNTY, OHIO. Gunkel was deputy master; Simeon Taylor, of Westville, was one of the most active leaders in the organization of the first granges in the county. Every township in the county had a grange before the end of 1873 and within the next five years grange halls had sprung up all over the county. By the end of the seventies the grange had nearly run its race, and for thirty years it lay dormant. Many reasons have been advanced to explain the cause for the downfall of the grange in the eighties, but it is safe to say that its interference with political affairs was the beginning of its downfall. Another cause for its decline was the fact that it promised more than it was able to fulfill, with the result that within five years after it was organized it had lost half of its membership in this county. The rise of the Farmers' Alliance, a political organization, attracted many of the leading farmers and during the eighties the grange movement was completely overshadowed and lost sight of in the Farmers' Alliance and its successor, the People's Party. From 1880 to about 1910 the grange, or Patrons of Husbandry, was dormant all over the country. During the past ten years there has been a renewed interest in the grange and it has again become a very active organization in behalf of the farmers. The present state officers are as follows : L. W. Tabor, master ; Mrs. Harriet Dickson, lecturer; W. G. Vandenbark, secretary; O. J. Demuth, treasurer. A deputy master has general charge of all of the granges of the county. and Harmon Harlan, of Woodstock, is now serving in this capacity for Champaign county. The report of Deputy Master Harlan on June I, 1917, gives the following statistics for the grange in Champaign county : One fifth-degree grange, Pomona Grrange No. 2 seven fourth-degree granges, and one juvenile grange, under the auspices of Sunrise Grange No. 1550. ENUMERATION OF GRANGES. Pomona Grange is composed of the fourth-degree members of the subordinate granges and meets quarterly; that is, alternately with the other granges of the county. The juvenile grange is connected with Sunrise Grange No. 1550, the Rush township grange. It is composed of children under fourteen years of age. The seven fourth-degree granges are as follows: Westville Grange No. 1625, which meets in that village ; Sunrise Grange No. 1550, which meets in the southern part of Rush township; Up-to-Date Grange No. 1873, Crayon; Tri-county No. 1881, North Lewisburg; Advance No. 1882, Me- CHAMPAIGN COUNTY, OHIO - 353 chanicsburg; Salem No. 1918, Kings Creek ; Union No. 1995, and Reynolds, in the northern part of Union township. The total membership of these seven granges in January, 1917, was eight hundred and seventy-six. The most flourishing grange is Sunrise Grange, which owns a hall of several rooms, an abandoned schoolhouse, and an acre of ground. There is a fine grove on the land and it is a favorite picnicing ground. The schoolhouse which the grange owns was formerly the Sodom schoolhouse. The 'Westville grange of the seventies built a large two-story brick building, which it still standing. In the seventies the grange planned to do co-operative buying and selling and the plan was tried out in this county, but it never became a success. The grange at North Lewisburg once bought coal for its members, and Sunrise Grange built a grange hall with the intention of having a store in it. The grange is active in furthering the interests of the farmers in the Legislature. Deputy Master Harlan, the head of the grange in Champaign county, sums up the place of the grange in the life of the farmer in the following words: "They work for better crops, better schools, better roads, better churches, better neighbors and better morals. In a community where there is a good grange- the people and their children are much better informed on everything. In a financial way the producer and consumer are brought so much nearer together that thousands of dollars are kept in their pockets that would go off in some other channel, if not for the grange." THE COUNTY FAIR. No one has ever figured out how the word "fair" came to be applied to the function as it is understood today. For seventy-five years Champaign county has had a fair of some kind although for a number of years it was a small affair. The first fair was held on the farm of John Reynolds, north of town and immediately south of the present tract of land occupied by the Illinois Car Company. There were no buildings of any kind and the stock on exhibition was tied to the stake-and-rider fence which surf-rounded the field. The grains, fruits, textiles and other things on exhibition were displayed in the court house which had just been completed the previous summer. This first fair opened on October 28, 1841. A preliminary meeting had been held by a number of interested citizens on the 25th of the previous month and they had drawn up a few rules to govern the management of the proposed fair. A scale of premiums was arranged (23) 354 - CHAMPAIGN COUNTY, OHIO. amounting to a total of sixty-seven dollars. When this amount is compared with the generous awards of 1917 it will be seen that there is considerable difference between the fair of 1841 and one of 1917. The first officers of the Champaign County Agricultural Society, the name by which the fair association was then known and by which it still is known, were as follows : Joseph Vance, president; Smith Minturn, Joel Funk, vice-presidents ; Joseph C. Brand, secretary; S. C. Ward, treasurer. The records for the first eight years of this organization (1841-49) have been lost and it is not possible to trace the year-by-year history of the fair. However, they had no grounds of their own until 1858. Prior to that year the fair was not what is now known by that name. There was no horse racing; the stock exhibited was tied in .some grove and was on exhibition only one day ; the farm products and the ladies' handiwork was usually placed on exhibition in the court house. Sometimes the exhibits were shown one one of the groves adjoining the town where the live stock was also lined up for review. OLD GROUNDS ABANDONED. The first permanent fair grounds were located south of town on a twenty-two acre tract now owned by A. F. Vance, Jr. This tract adjoins the corporation on the south on the west side of South Main street. Thirteen acres of this tract was bought on January 8, 1858, from John H. Young and on the same day nine acres were purchased from S. 'A. Winslow, the whole tract costing five thousand one hundred and eight dollars. On this tract of land a race track was laid out, buildings were erected and annual fairs were held from the fall of 1858 to the fall of 1889. In 1861 the county commissioners joined with the county fair board in erecting some buildings for the use of the soldiers who were in camp there during the fall and winter of 1861-62. These buildings were used by the fair association after the war and remained standing until torn down at the time of present fair grounds were bought. All of the older citizens of the county recall the fairs held on the old fair ground. Owing to the limited space the track had to be made three laps for the mile and this was far from a satisfactory arrangement. By the latter part of the eighties the buildings were getting badly in need of repair and this fact combined with the very evident fact that the grounds were too small resulted in a decision on the part of the board to abandon the old grounds. It was impossible to secure additional land adjoining the CHAMPAIGN COUNTY, OHIO - 355 ground and this made it necessary to secure a new site. A purchaser for the old grounds was found in the person of A. F. Vance, Jr., and then came the question of a new site. A DIVISION OF OPINION. The selection of a site was then a question that divided the city of Urbana and the country immediately surrounding it into two well divided parties. Three sites were proposed for the grounds. One in the Reynolds woods, two miles north of Urbana ; another, the present site of the Children's Home; and the third, the present site of the fair grounds. The Children's Home site did not receive much consideration and the fight settled down to a struggle between the proponents of the Reynolds' woods site and the present fair grounds site. Considerable electioneering was done by there interested and one man even went so far as to offer President Ganson five hundred dollars in cash for his influence if he would use it to further the prospects of the Reynolds woods site. Ganson was in favor of the present site because it was more easily reached by the citizens of Urbana. He explained that many of the people who attend the fair came from Urbana and walked to the grounds. It was explained to Ganson in rebuttal by those in favor of the Reynolds woods site that he should be interested in locating the grounds at some little distance from the city because it would help his livery business, but he was not influenced by these mercenary arguments. He thought that the matter of a selection of a site should be left to the people who would attend the fairs. When the fair board met to dispose of the site question the vote was a tie. An even number had voted for the Reynolds woods site and the present site, and it was up to the president to cast the deciding vote. Mr. Ganson stated that he would not decide the matter and the meeting was adjourned without any decision being made. When the board met two weeks later the question was again brought up and the present site carried by a majority of six votes. TOOK A VOTE ON CREATING EXPENSE FUND. It should be mentioned that Ganson prevailed upon the county commissioners to allow the people of the county to vote on the question of taxing themselves to the amount of ten thousand dollars to help purchase the grounds and erect the necessary buildings. The fair board first bought 356 - CHAMPAIGN COUNTY, OHIO. forty-one and nine-tenths acres for $6,433.77 and in 1893 paid one thousand dollars for an additional five and seven-tenths acres. No ground has been added since that year. Work was immediately started on improving the grounds. Some of the old buildings were moved to the new grounds, and stalls were built. .For the first few years a number of stalls were privately owned, but title to these buildings has since been granted to the fair board.. President Ganson was very enthusiastic in the improvement of the new site and he himself with his plow and team helped grade the race track and level it off. The grand stand is three hundred and twenty feet in length; the exhibition enclosure is flanked by a substantial amphitheatre which will hold several hundred; the fine-arts hall and merchants' and manufacturers' pavilion are large and conveniently arranged structures ; dining hall, barns, stables and other buildings make up a complement of buildings which provide ample quarters for the display and housing of everything which goes to make a fair in a county the size of Champaign. In the summer of 1917 extensive improvements were made by the fair association in the way of repairing the old buildings and erecting a row of new stalls. The fair has been conducted on a high plane and is primarily for the benefit of the people of the county. Farmers of the county and local manufacturers are encouraged to make exhibits and the variety and value of premiums offered are made sufficiently attractive to insure a good line of exhibits. The officials in 1917 are as follows : T. B. Owen, president; John W. Crowl, secretary; George Couchman, treasurer. In addition there are two managers for each township in the county. CHAPTER XX. THE MEDICAL PROFESSION. The followers of Æsculapius have been found in Champaign county from the beginning of its history. No class of men endured more hardships and performed more useful work in the early history of the county than its faithful band of family physicians. In those days of a hundred years ago the physician occupied a closer and more intimate place in the life of the community than does the practitioner of today. He was held in as much reverence and affection as the minister of the gospel. Diseases were more widely prevalent in early times than at the present day, owing to the swamps and lowlands which were to be .found on every hand. Mad river, valuable as it was and still is as a drainage feature of the county, was the cause of countless thousands of cases of ague and chills in the early days' of the county. Then again the conditions in the pioneers' homes were not as sanitary as they are today; screen doors were unknown until after the Civil War; the existence of our fashionable germs, microbes, bacilli, etc., were unknown to our good forefathers; few of our modern high-priced diseases had appeared. The wonder is that so many of the common ills of an early day were not fatal. The open, outdoor life of the people, together with their simple and wholesome food, however, was usually a sufficient barrier against most of their ordinary ailments. Every family had its medicine chest; every grandmother was a skilled pharmacist in her way; every ordinary disease had its particular root or herb with which it was to be treated; yellow root, blood root, black root, etc., were always found in the pioneer pharmacopoeia. For many years after the organization of Champaign county the physicians to be found within its limits were probably the hardest working class of men in the county. They were always ready to answer calls night and day, in winter and in summer, in all kinds of weather—and often called out for trips of many miles when they knew that the poor people they were going to attend would never be able to pay for their services. Pioneer physicians have often remarked that they scarcely ever collected more than half of the accounts they had on their records. It seems that with the 358 - CHAMPAIGN COUNTY, OHIO. ordinary man the doctor's bill is about the last one to be paid, and with many of the old pioneer physicians this proved so distressingly true that they had to make frequent appeals through the local papers. for their patrons to settle their accounts. FIRST PHYSICIAN TO LOCATE AT URBANA. It is not certain who was the first physician in Champaign county, but it is fairly well established that James Davidson was the first to locate in Urbana. There may have been some in Springfield before Davidson located in Urbana, and there probably was, but they are not taken into consideration in speaking of the county. It is true that Springfield and Bellefontaine were both in Champaign county until 1818, but the discussion of physicians is limited to those who settled within the limits of the county as it is constituted today. The student of medical lore is surprised at the large number of physicians in Urbana in its early history. Within a decade after the county was organized, and at the time the town could hardly have contained more than a few hundred souls, there were no fewer than a dozen physicians. The presence of this seemingly large number may be accounted for in part by remembering that they traveled over the whole county and that there was much more sickness then than at the present time. Under the first state constitution the Legislature passed an act providing for a tax on physicians and for the two decades prior to 1851 they had to pay an annual tax ranging from fifty cents to three dollars. In 1849 there were thirty-five physicians who paid a fee to practice their profession in the county. .Their names and the amounts they contributed to the county treasury are found in the records of the county commissioners, and are enumerated later in this chapter. Doctor Davidson was soon joined by other practitioners and by the close of the first decade of the county's history there had been at least a dozen to locate for a time at least in the county seat. Among these early physicians may be enumerated Doctors Bonner, Case, Collins, Conkrght and Mendenhall. It does not appear that any of this number remained in the village for many years at least, they are not found among the old records as having been employed as poor physicians, or as having received any money from the county for various kinds of medical services. The names of nearly all the early physicians appear time and again in the county commissioners' records, and many of them appear in no 0ther place. CHAMPAIGN COUNTY, OHIO - 359 In 1814 appeared one of the best known of the pioneer physicians of Urbana. Dr. Joseph S. Carter, who came to the county seat in that year, was born in Bourbon county, Kentucky, was educated at Lexington and was later graduated from the medical department of the University of Pennsylvania. His connection with Urbana was a direct result. of the War of 1812. He was appointed surgeon of a Kentucky regiment at the opening of the war and came with the regiment to Urbana. He became enamoured with the community and later resigned his commission in the army, returned to Kentucky and brought his family back with him to Urbana. He continued in active practice in Urbana from 1814 until his death in 1852, at the age of sixty-two. He probably had the largest practice of any physician in the county for many years, but while he had such an extensive practice, he never desired to accumulate property. He married a daughter of M. W. Fisher, of Springfield, and they became the parents of eight children. One son, Joseph S. Carter, Jr., followed in his father's footsteps, was graduated from Ohio Medical College in 1850, practiced until 1870 and then retired from active work and became general manager of the Western Mutual Fire Insurance Company of Urbana. SHIPWRECK ALTERED HIS CAREER. The other leading physician of Urbana in its ante-bellum period was Dr. Adam Mosgrove, who located in the village of 1818, four years after Doctor Carter. Doctor Mosgrove was born in Ireland, August 12, 1790, and was graduated from the Royal College of Surgeons at Dublin, Ireland, on April 7, 1814. He was immediately commissioned as a surgeon in the British navy and served in that capacity until the spring of 1816. On Easter Monday he left Ireland on board the ship "Charlotte" for the United States. When that vessel was wrecked in the Bay of Delaware, a dispute arose between the ship's officers and the British government, with the result that all of the officers resigned their commissions--and this is how Dr. Adam Mosgrove became identified with the United States. The doctor had good health, Irish wit, a good medical education, and seventy guineas. He started West and first located at Lancaster, Pennsylvania, later at Elizabethtown in the same state. In the latter village he was married in 1817 to Mary Miller, whose brother, Lawrence, later lived in Urbana. Doctor Mosgrove first heard of Urbana through George. Moore, an Irishman from his own home village, who had located in Urbana. The desire to be near the friend of his boyhood days led the doctor to come to 360 - CHAMPAIGN COUNTY, OHIO. the city where he was destined to spend the remainder of his days. Doctor Mosgrove and his young wife made the overland trip to Urbana in June, 1818. She died in 1833 and in the following year he married Frances A. Foley. He died on March 1o, 1875, in his eighty-fifth year and his widow passed away on September 1, 1879. For many years Doctor Mosgrove and Doctor Carter were in partnership and they continued to practice together until Doctor Carter's death in 1852. Doctor Mosgrove had three sons, John A., Dr. James M. and Col W. F.—children by the first marriage. It is not too much to say that he was better and more widely known than any physician who has ever practiced in Champaign county. He was kind, sympathetic and possessed a solicitude for his patients which made him beloved by everyone: While Carter and Mosgrove were the two leading practitioners of Urbana until the fifties, yet there were many other able physicians in the county seat and in several of the smaller towns of the county. Among there may be mentioned Elijah Collins and Ichabod C. Taylor, who were two of the first young men from Urbana to graduate from the Ohio Medical College at Cincinnati. Among the other graduates of this same college, before 1850, to locate in the county may be mentioned E. P. Fyffe, Thomas Cowgill, Joseph C: Brown, D. M. Vance, James M. Mosgrove, and J. S. Carter, Jr. Starling Medical College of Columbus furnished at least four graduates before 1850, Douglas Luce, Jr., H. C. Pearce, I. W. Goddard and William H. Pearson. It was the usual thing for most of the best physicians in the early days of the county to have some young man in their office "reading medicine." In fact, it is safe to say that at least half of the physicians of the county of the first half century received their education in the office of some old practitioner. Records are not available to show how many young men studied in the office of Carter & Mosgrove, but there was usually a student to be found there at all times. Among the other physicians of the county who practiced before the Civil War may be mentioned the following: Doctors Banes, Curry, Everett, Happersett, Lord, Hughs, Latta, McCann, Martin, Murdock and Woods. LIST OF PHYSICIANS IN EARLY RECORDS. The first County Medical Society was organized in March, 1852, with the following officers : William H. Happersett, president; Adam Mosgrove, vice-president; Marquis Wood, treasurer ; James M. Mosgrove, sec- CHAMPAIGN COUNTY, OHIO - 361 retary; Joseph S. Carter, librarian; William Murdock, Adam Mosgrove and E. P. Fyffe, censors. • The members in addition to the officials included John Baker, I. W. Goddard, .Cyrus Smith, J. C. Brown, James M. Pheron, W. M. Houston, J. H. Clark, M. L. Haster, and D. M. Vance. Another source of information concerning the early physicians of the county is found in the records of the county commissioners. As had been mentioned, they were listed for taxation at so Much per head, just the same as horses and dogs, and in fact some were listed at the .same rate as the dogs of the county. The first reference to physicians being taxed is found in the commissioners' minutes for June, 1839, and they were assessed annually from that year until 1851. In 1839 the following physicians are registered as having paid the county tax : J. S. Carter, Adam Mosgrove, William Happersett, Gould Johnson, E. D. La;v1er, Abner Cheney, Lemon Marshall, J. L. Morrison, Alfred McFarlan, A. R. Root, T. G. Kindleberger, Lewis Evans and Thomas Pringle.. In 1840 a few new names appear—John D. Elbert, John Baker, James McPheron, Wilson V. Cowan, J. J. Musson, J.. F. McReynolds and Lewis C. C. Gille. In 1846 the following new physicians appear in the schedule for taxation : E. P. Fyffe, M. Woods, Seth L. Poppano, D. M. Vance, W. W. Belleville and Charles White. In 1849, the last list of physicians recorded in the commissioners' records, there is a list of thirty-five. The new names are J. S. Carter, Jr., John G. Howell, Thomas Richard, W. B. McCann, John Baker, David C. Wooley, John C. Crawford, J. Harris, Israel Fisler, Joseph Brown, Benjamin Davenport, Thomas Cowgill, Jr., Cyrus T. Hyde, John L. Overton, E. Owen, N. S. Mersham, James B. Stansberry, Andrew Sumner, George R. Crawford and Philander R. Owen. A large number of these physicians left little information concerning themselves. They .practiced in all corners of the county and for varying terms of years. It would seem that all the physicians would have been returned for taxation during the period from 1839 to 1851, and that the name of every physician in the county during that period would appear on the tax list. If this is the case, the above paragraph lists every physician in the county who was practicing in the middle of the last century. Concerning many of these very little is known other. than that they paid from fifty cents to three dollars for the privilege of following their profession. As far as is known not one of these physicians is living in 1917. 362 - CHAMPAIGN COUNTY, OHIO. COUNTY MEDICAL SOCIETY IN 1917. The physicians of the county have had a more or less active county organization for the past half century. The present officers of the Champaign County Medical Society are as follows : President, Dr. E. W. Ludlow ; vice-president, Dr. V. G. Wolf ; secretary, Dr. D. H. Moore; treasurer, Doctor Moore. The other members of the society include the following: Richard Henderson, Urbana; E. D. Buhrer, Urbana; C. A. Offenbacher, St. Paris; E. R.. Earle,- Urbana; Mark Houston, Urbana ; D. C. Houser, Urbana ; F. F. Barger, Urbana; Robert Henderson, Urbana ; H. B. Hunt, St. Paris; W. B. Stoutenborough, Mechanicsburg; C. M. McLaughlin, Westville; W. R. Yinger, Rosewood; J. D. O'Gara, Urbana ; C. S. Amidon, Cincinnati; C. C. Craig, Urbana; Victor O. Longfellow, Concord; W. H. Sharp, Woodstock ; N. M. Rhodes, Urbana; M. L. Smith, Urbana; H. M. Smith, Urbana; H. M. Pearce, Urbana; J. H. Bunn, Mutual; C. J. Finsterwald, North Lewisburg. SOME PHYSICIANS OF CHAMPAIGN COUNTY. Mention has previously been made of a number of the early physicians of the county. The following pages briefly summarize the personal facts relating to other physicians who have practiced at some time in the county during the past hundred years. The facts concerning their lives have been gleaned from former histories of the county, from newspapers, from family records, and finally, from interviews with physicians now living. A number of physicians now practicing in the county are represented in the biographical volume and are not given in this connection. Unfortunately, it has not been possible to ascertain the dates of .the death of many of the physicians, nor, if living, their present residence. It must not be understood that the list includes all the prominent physicians, but it does include all concerning whom sufficient data has been found to provide material for a brief sketch. The following physicians are represented in the biographical volume : Robert Henderson, Richard Henderson, S. C. Moore, C. J. Finsterwald, W. H. Sharp, A. H. Middleton, H. S. Preston, John M. Sayler, David H. Moore, H. M. Pearce, M. L. Smith, D. C. Houser, E. R. Earle, W. B. Hyde, Clarence M. McLaughlin, R. L. Grimes, Caleb Jones and J. B. Stansbury. J. H. Ayers was born in Warren county, New York, in 1832, and died in Urbana in 1898. He was graduated from the Castleton Medical College of Vermont in 1851 and immediately began practicing at Glenns Falls, New CHAMPAIGN COUNTY, OHIO - 363 York. In the fall of 1852 he located at 'West Liberty, Logan county, Ohio, where he practiced until he enlisted as surgeon of the Thirty-fourth Regiment, O. V. L., in 1862. After being mustered out. in 1865 he located in Urbana, where he practiced until his death. He was married in 1863 to Mary McDonald. John Baker was born in Germany in 1812 and came to the United States with his parents in 1834. Doctor Baker studied medicine in Germany and also worked in a drug store in his native land. He came to Ohio in 1839 and completed his medical studies at 'Wooster and began practicing at St. Paris in 1841. He was married in 1842 to Elizabeth Pence. He retired from practice about 1880. A MANY-SIDED CHARACTER. An interesting character in early. Urbana history was Dr. Evan Banes, a physician, newspaper man, mayor of the city and a public-spirited citizen in all things. Born on October 18, 1797, he came to the county with his father, Dr. Evan Banes, about 1809 and located on Buck creek. He studied medicine under Drs. J. S. Carter and Obed Hon and became a successful practitioner while still a young man. At the same time he qualified himself as a practical printer and for at least ten years was in the newspaper business. He was the original "reformer" newspaper man of the county and never failed to wield a trenchant pen in behalf of reform of all kinds, particularly at maladministration in city affairs. The facts concerning his newspaper career are given on the authority of Judge William Patrick, who wrote an extended account of his life after his death on December 28, 1878. His first appearance in the newspaper world was in connection with Martin L. Lewis in the publication of the Mad River Courant; about 1826 he had attracted such public attention as to be called to the editorial chair of one of the Columbus papers, probably the Ohio Statesman. About a year later he was back in Urbana and joined Dr. Wilson Everett as owner and editor of the Country Collustrator, buying the paper from Barr & Everett. The paper was afterward merged with the Mad River Courant, the new paper being known as the Mad River Courant and Country Collustrator. Banes and Lewis later had the paper-and still later Doctor Banes was the sole owner. In March, 1825, a regular election was held for mayor, recorder and trustees and young Doctor 'Banes was elected mayor. John C. Pearson was elected recorder, and Thomas Gwynne, J. G. Talbott, Edmund B. Cavileer, 364 - CHAMPAIGN COUNTY, OHIO. Henry Weaver and A. R. Colwell, trustees. -Doctor Banes served one year as mayor and then went to Columbus to take charge of a paper as above stated. Fifty years more this doctor was to live in Champaign county, but most of these years were spent in an obscure corner of the county. For a long time prior to his death he had resided in the southeastern corner of Urbana township in the little cross-roads hamlet known as Powhattan. He was living in the latter part of the forties and it was there that he died at the age of eighty-one.. He was married in the Presbyterian church at Urbana on September 23, 1824, to Margaret Ward, the daughter of Col. William Ward, Sr., and had one son, Henry C., a physician, who died when a young man. The widow of Doctor Bane was still living at the time of her husband's death in 1878. Frank W. Brand was born in Urbana June 2, 1866, and was graduated from the local high school in 1883. After spending one year in Phillips Academy, Andover, Massachusetts, he returned home and completed his college education in Urbana University. He then matriculated in Cleveland Medical College and was graduated in 1889. He then practiced in Beatrice, Nebraska, for eight years, following which he completed a postgraduate course in Chicago and other colleges in diseases of the eye, ear, nose and throat. He located in Urbana after completing his special training and has since been engaged in practice in the city of his birth. He was married on October 6, 1888, to Lillian Garnett. Joseph C. Brown was born in Virginia, February 14, 1814, and came with his parents to Champaign county in 1822, locating in Mad River township. About three years later they located in Urbana township- and in 1849 they moved to West Liberty, in Logan county. The doctor's father died in 1851 and the mother then located with the children in Urbana. Doctor Brown taught school for eight years and at the same time studied medicine. He was graduated from Ohio Medical College in 1845 and practiced at West Liberty until 1852, at which time he moved to Urbana, where he practiced until his death in January, 1888. John Milton Butcher, one of the first physicians to locate in North Lewisburg, was born near Winchester, Virginia, September 23, 1816. He practiced at North Lewisburg until 1873, when he moved to Urbana and he and his son, John C., practiced together until his retirement from active practice in 1879. He died in Urbana January 6, 1891. John C. Butcher died June 19, 1902. C. K. Clark was born in Coshocton county, Ohio, in February, 1831, and practiced in Mechanicsburg practically all his life. He began the study CHAMPAIGN COUNTY, OHIO - 365 of medicine in 1857 under Dr. H. C. Pearce, of Urbana, and read under him and also attended lectures at Cincinnati. He practiced at the same time and finally was graduated from Starling Medical College in the spring of 1865. He began practicing in Mechanicsburg after graduation and practiced there until his death. John H. Clark was born in Union township, Champaign 'county, Ohio, September. 28, 1829, and died in Mechanicsburg in 1901. His whole active career had been spent in that village and in the immediate community. He was graduated from Starling Medical College. in 1853 and began the practice of his profession at Mutual. In 1859 he removed to Decatur, Illinois, but two years later he located in Mechanicsburg and made that place his home for the remainder of his life. He was on the United States sanitary commission during the Civil War and from March I, 1874, to May, 1876, was superintendent of the asylum for the insane at Dayton. He was married in 1852 to Eleanor Williams. Thomas Cowgill was born in 1811 in what is now Columbiana county, Ohio, and in the fall of 1817 moved with his parents to Champaign county. Doctor Cowgill was more than an ordinarily useful man in this community. As a physician for nearly half a century he was a blessing to the community in which he lived; as a surveyor he probably surveyed as many pieces of land, roads, etc., during his active years of his life as any other man in the county. John S. Crawford was born in Maryland in 1808. He studied medicine in Maryland and later, when he located in Mechanicsburg, in 1834, he completed his course of reading under Dr. Abner Cheney. He began the practice at Quincy, Ohio, remained there eight years and then removed to Carysville. In 1850 he removed to Woodstock and practiced until 1872 when he retired from active, work anti gave all of his attention to his drug store. He was married in 1831 to Sarah A, Mitchell. He died in Woodstock in 1889. HAD A DRUG STORE AT ST. PARIS. L. W. Faulkner was born in Jackson township, December 15, 1850, and commenced teaching in 1869. He was graduated from the Cincinnati College of Medicine and Surgery in 1873 and started to practice at Cass-town, Ohio, where he practiced five years. He then located in Coffey county, Kansas, where he operated a drug store until 1879. In December of that year he opened a drug store in St. Paris, this county, and divided his atten- 366 - CHAMPAIGN COUNTY, OHIO. tion between his practice as a regular physician and the management of his store. He was married on June 8, 1873, to Sally McAnally. Israel Fisler was born in 182o in Chester, Pennsylvania, and received his education in Philadelphia and at the University of Pennsylvania, graduating from the medical department of the latter institution in 1846. He came at once to. Champaign county and located in Urbana, where he engaged in the practice of his profession until the opening of the Civil War. He was examining surgeon of the Fourth district of Ohio and continued as such throughout the war. Soon after the war he became associated with Dr. J. H. Ayers in the drug business in Urbana and later Dr. Samuel Chance bought out the interest of Doctor Ayers and for years the drug firm of Fisler & Chance was the leaDoctorrug firm of the city. Doctor Fisler was married in 1848 to Margaret Read, of Urbana. Edward P. Fyffe, who is credited with having been the first child born in 1810; was born on April 23, 181o; and died in the city of his birth, September 25, 1867. He was the son of William H. Fyffe, a native of Virginia, and one of the settlers who located in Urbana in 1805. He was a cadet at West Point for a time, but later decided to make the practice of medicine his life work. He was graduated from a medical school in 1846, and was engaged in practice until the opening of the Civil War. He at once enlisted and arose to the rank of colonel and was brevetted brigadier-general at the close of the war. Doctor Fyffe married Sarah Ann Robinson and they became the parents of four children : Joseph, who became a rear admiral in the United States Navy; Max F., who became the wife of Frank James Crawford, a distinguished lawyer of Chicago; Mrs. Mary F. Thornton and Mrs. Sarah A. Gee. Lewis Christopher Cassius Gille was born in Germany, February 22, 1807, and was graduated from the medical college at' Hesse-Cassel before coming to America in 1834. He practiced in the city hospital at Washington, D. C., from 1834 to 1837 and then married Catherine Dorshimer. He and his young wife at once came to Champaign county and located at Westville, where he lived until his death, March 12, 1857. He and his wife reared ten children. RELINQUISHED LAW IN FAVOR OF MEDICINE. S. G. Good was born in Johnson township and began teaching in 1861. He taught until 1874, although he had begun to read medicine in 1872 with the intention of turning his attention to the medical profession. In 1875 he CHAMPAIGN COUNTY, OHIO - 367 was elected mayor of St. Paris and then seriously considered studying to be a lawyer. In the midst of his indecision he was elected justice of the peace and it was probable that his experience in this capacity caused him to relinquish the law in favor of medicine. He resumed the study of medicine in 1878 and was graduated from a medical school in 1880. He located in St. Paris, where he practiced until his death. Thomas T. Hale was born in Wayne township, December 5, 1848, and before he died had followed half a dozen different occupations in as many different places and had in thin been a. farmer, carpenter, harness maker, shoe cobbler, drug clerk and finally graduated from the Electic Medical College at Cincinnati in 1871. He at once located at Dublin, Indiana, but two years later removed to Indianapolis, where he practiced three years. From 1875 to 1877 he practiced and operated a drug store at Mechanicsburg, Ohio.. In 1877 he located at Spring Hills in Champaign county where he practiced several years. He married Salena Morris, July 12, 1875. Daniel C. Houser was born in Johnson township, two miles north of St. Paris, April 1, 1867. He began teaching at the age of eighteen in his home township and taught for eight years, during the last five of which he studied medicine under Doctor Longfellow, of Urbana. He then became a student in Starling Medical College and was graduated March 25, 1897. He began practice at Millerstown, Champaign county, and practiced there until he located in Urbana where he is now practicing. He was married, October 23, 1893, to Florence M. Humtoon. Robert Henderson, one of the oldest practicing physicians in Urbana, was horn at Parkersburg, West Virginia, March 22, 1851. He was graduated from the College of Physicians and Surgeons, Baltimore, in 1878. After practicing for a short time in his native state he located at New Moorefield, Clark county, Ohio, where he remained until 1884. He then came to Urbana where he is still engaged in practice. He was married, in 1875 to Elizabeth S. Thomas. They have two children, Richard T. and Helen. The son was born in Virginia in 1878, graduated from Starling Medical College of Columbus in 1900, and has since been associated with his father in the practice at Urbana. Lucius C. .Herrick was born in West Randolph, Vermont, September 2, 1840, and when he located at Urbana in 1869 he was one of the most highly trained physicians who had come to the county. He received his pre-medical education at West Randolph 'Academy and then took the full course of lectures at Castleton, Vermont, and followed this with the full 368 - CHAMPAIGN COUNTY, .OHIO. course in the Ann Arbor School of Medicine and Surgery in the University of Michigan. He next entered the medical department of the University of Vermont which conferred on him the degree of Doctor of Medicine in 1864. He next served in the Civil War from 1861 until 1864 as a surgeon in the Eighth Regiment, Vermont Volunteer Infantry, and the Fourth United States Colorado Cavalry. He next entered Bellevue Medical College, in New York, and took a post-graduate course and started practicing in New York City. It is not known why Doctor Herrick, trained as he was, elected to come to Urbana in 1869, nor why he at once removed to Woodstock, where he devoted himself assiduously to his practice. He married in 1871 Louisa Taylor, of Woodstock, and lived in Woodstock until his death. ARMY SURGEON CAPTURED BY REBELS. William M. Houston was born in Lebanon, Ohio, in 1821, graduated from Ohio Medical College in 1850, and began the practice of his profession at Piqua. He located at Urbana in December, 1852, and practiced there until his death August 7, 1900. He was assistant surgeon of the One Hundred and Twenty-second Regiment, Ohio Volunteer Infantry in 1862 and was promoted to the rank. of surgeon in 1863. In 1864 he became surgeon-in-chief of the Second Brigade, Third Division, Sixth Army Corps. He was captured in 1863 and confined in Libby Prison for five months. He was married in 1846 to Henrietta Chapeze. He was the best known of the pioneer homeopathic physicians of this county. Henry Chapeze Houston, the oldest son of Dr. W. M. Houston, was horn in Piqua in 1847. He was graduated from the Cleveland Homeopathic Hospital College in 1876, and at once became associated with his father in the practice at Urbana. He continued to practice in that city until his death on January 6, 1916. His son, Mark, became a physician and is the third of the generation to practice in Urbana. H. B. Hunt was born on November 18, 1846, in Shelby county, Ohio. After graduating from the Sidney high school he began teaching and taught seven years. He was graduated from the Medical College of Ohio, March 2„ 1874 ; located at Carysville, Ohio, for practice, March 22, 1874 ; married May 22, 1874, to Mary J.. Leedom, a daughter of Dr. J. C. Leedom. Later he located at .St. Paris, where he is still practicing. William S. Hunt was born in Champaign county and began teaching school. in. 1856 and at the same time studied medicine. He entered the Cincinnati College of Medicine and Surgery and was graduated in .1870 and CHAMPAIGN COUNTY, OHIO - 369 at once began practicing in Terre Haute.. He was postmaster of the village from 1877 to 1878. He was married May 23, 1872, to Nancy L. Lee. William Fulton Hyde was born in Union county, Ohio, December 23, 1856, and was graduated from the Richwood high school in 1874. He was graduated from Columbus Medical College in 1887 and at once began practice at Bokes Creek, Union county, and in 1893 he located at Christiansburg where he still practices. He was married in :1875 to Sarah A. Monroe. L. E. Jones died in Urbana on November 3, 1878. He had been in Urbana for about five years, coming here from Cincinnati where he had been professor in the Eclectic Medical College. He was very wealthy, a man of peculiar habits, always a student, and had lived in comparative retirement since locating in Urbana. He was about seventy years of age at the time of his death. LIVING RETIRED AT ERIS. Joseph Valentine Longfellow was born in Concord township, March 21, 1858. He was reared on the farm, spent five years in Ohio Wesleyan University, but was compelled to leave school on account of his health, before receiving his degree. Deciding to study medicine, he entered Miami Medical College at Cincinnati and was graduated in 1886. He practiced at Eris in Champaign county for four years and then located in Urbana, where he practiced until ill health compelled him to retire. He is now living a retired. life at Eris. Clarence M. McLaughlin was born in Westville, August 19, 1864, and has lived there all his life thus far. He is the son of Dr. Richard R. McLaughlin, who practiced in -Westville from 1861 until his death in 1891. Ile was graduated from the Starling Medical College in 1886, and at once began practice With his father in Westville. He was married on September 1, 1897, to Nellie B. Denny. He has been practicing at Westville for the past thirty-one years. Richard R. McLaughlin was born in Clark county, Ohio, October 31, 1832. He commenced to study medicine at the age of nineteen under Dr. A. C. McLaughlin of Tremont, Ohio,' and commenced practice in 1855 at Atlanta, Illinois. Afterward he located at McLean, Illinois, and still later at Muscoda, Wisconsin. In 1861 he located at Westville,' Champaign county, Ohio, and practiced there until his death in 1891, serving as postmaster of (24) 370 - CHAMPAIGN COUNTY, OHIO. Westville for several years. He was married on Christmas day, 1856, to Charlotta S. Wilson. A. H. Middleton, a brother of Judge Evan Perry Middleton, was born in Wayne township, January 24, 1868. He began teaching at the age of sixteen and followed the profession for five years. He was graduated from the Cleveland Homeopathic Medical College in 1887 and for the next three years practiced at Cable. From 1890 to 1896 he was located in Springfield, Ohio ; from 1896 to 1900 he was at Terre Haute; since 1900 he has been practicing at Cable. Doctor Middleton was married to Alice Baker in 1898. S. C. Moore was born in Logan county, Ohio, September 21, 1844, and remained on the farm until October 4, 1863, when he enlisted in the Seventeenth Regiment, Ohio Volunteer Infantry and served two years. Immediately after returning from the war he started to school at North Lewisburg and in 1866 began the study of medicine there under Doctor Vail. Later he read for three years under Doctor Williams of the same place. In the meantime he attended lectures at the Cincinnati College of Medicine and Surgery from which he was graduated in 1870. He was then in partnership with Doctor Williams for two years. He located at Cable, March 6, 1872, and continued to practice there until he located in Urbana, where he is now engaged in practice. He married Emma F. Flarida, March 10, 1875. SECOND AND THIRD GENERATIONS FOLLOW PIONEER. James M. Mosgrove, the son of Dr. Adam Mosgrove, was born in Urbana in 1825, and died in the city of his birth in November, 1903. He was graduated from the Ohio Medical College in 1846 and practiced from the year of his graduation until his death in Urbana. He was president of the Citizens National Bank from 1900 until his death; for over a quarter of a 'century he was connected with the Perpetual Savings & Building Association; and in many other ways was identified with the business interests of his city. Samuel M. Mosgrove, a son of John A. Mosgrove and a grandson of Dr. 'Adam .Mosgrove, was born in Urbana August 4, 1851, and was educated in the high school and college of his home city. After studying. medicine with his uncle, Dr. James M. Mosgrove, for a while he entered Miami Medical College and was graduated in 1872. He then matriculated in Bellevue Hospital, New York City, and was graduated from that famous institution in 1873. During a long and successful practice in Urbana he took an active part in public life; he served as county coroner and also as surgeon of the CHAMPAIGN COUNTY, OHIO - 371 Seventh Regiment, Ohio National Guard; he also served in the state Senate for one term and was the author of the bill requiring the registration of physicians. He was married in 1891 to Nannie Fisher. He died in the city of .his birth in 1913. William M. Murdock was born at Cumberland, Maryland, February 27, 1807, and died at Ottumwa, Iowa, February 13, 1891. He located at Urbana in 1854, but never practiced very much in the county. A few years before his death he removed to Iowa and made his home with one of his children until his death. John J. Musson, one of the most active citizens of the county for many years, a member of the Legislature, a newspaper editor, a public-spirited citizen in all things—and a practicing physician for half a century at St. Paris, was born in Jackson county, Ohio, in 1829. He had already been educated for a physician when he located at St. Paris in 1852 and he lived there an unusually varied and useful life until his death on August 11, 1899. AUTHOR OF A WORK ON CHEMISTRY. David O'Brine was born in Ireland, November 17, 1849, and came with his parents to America when a small boy. The family lived in Michigan among other places and lived there longer than any other place while the future physician was growing to manhood. Among other places, he attended school in Troy, New York; Lansing, Michigan; Huron county, Ohio, and when still under age he was teaching school in Michigan. Later he taught in Mason county, Ohio, and in 1876 was graduated from the Ohio Central Normal School at Worthington. After spending a year as professor of natural sciences in that institution, he became superintendent of schools at Canal Winchester, Ohio. In the fall of 1877 he entered Ohio State University and paid his expenses through the University by teaching in the University, graduating in 1881. The following- year he received the degree of Master of Science and the year following he received the degree of Master of Science from Adrian College, Michigan. For ten years he was assistant professor of chemistry in Ohio State University. In 1885 he was graduated from Starling Medical College at Columbus. He left Ohio State University to become professor of chemistry and geology in the Agricultural College of Colorado, but later resigned in order to spend a year in Europe studying medicine. He spent a year in Berlin and other educational centers in Europe making special investigations in the field of chemistry and medicine. He is the author of a treatise on chemistry entitled ".A Laboratory 372 - CHAMPAIGN COUNTY, OHIO. Guide in Chemical Analysis" (1888). Doctor O'Brine located in Urbana in 1894 and has since devoted himself to the practice of his profession. He married Cinda Weaver, of Columbus, in 1888, his wife at the time of their marriage being a Latin teacher in the high school at Columbus. Charles A. Offenbacher was born on a farm in Jackson township, Champaign county, Ohio, December 9, 1845. He taught school in Shelby, Champaign and. Miami counties- for six years following the completion of his work in the common schools at the age of eighteen. While teaching, he began reading medicine and under the direction of Dr. M. V. Speece, of Quincy, Ohio, and later entered the Cincinnati College of Medicine and Surgery, from which he was graduated in 1870. Following his graduation he located at Spring Hills, Champaign county, and remained there for the next twelve years. In 1883 he located at St. Paris and has since continued there in the practice.. Doctor Offenbacher was married on August 11, 1870, to Sarah C. Smoot. Abner B. Pearce, a brother of Dr. Henry C. Pearce, and a son of Harvey C. Pearce, was born in Goshen township, October 8, 1836. After graduating from the Urbana high school he taught for four years and read medicine at the same time. He served a short time as surgeon of a one hundred-day regiment in the Civil War. He then entered Starling Medical College, graduated in 1863, and located at Kings Creek, where he practiced for fourteen years. He then practiced six years at Urbana, and followed this with six years practice at Vincennes, Indiana. He located on his farm in Salem township in 1891 and lived there until his death. He was married on September 17, 1867, to Ella Sheperd. Henry Clay Pearce was born in Union township, Champaign county, Ohio, April 10, 1833, a son of Harvey C. and Beulah (Barrett) Pearce, also natives of this county. He was reared in Urbana and while still a youth began reading medicine under Doctor Carter and later under Doctor McLaughlin. He began practicing at Mutual in 1858 and five years later was graduated from Starling Medical College. Froth 1866 to 1874 he was head of the department of physiology and microscopic histology in his alma mater. He was one of the founders and first trustees of the Columbus Medical College and from 1874, the date of its organization, until 1891 he was professor of obstetrics and diseases of women in that institution. He resigned on account of his health. In 1854 Doctor Pearce married Sarah Jane Morgan, who died in 1872 and in 1873 he married Binnie A. Keller. One of the sons by the first marriage, Henry M., and one by the second mar- CHAMPAIGN COUNTY, OHIO - 373 riage, Frank C., became physicians. The former is now practicing in Urbana. The latter located in Tennessee after graduating from the Tennessee Medical College at Knoxville. Henry M. Pearce was born in Urbana, December 20, 1868, and graduated from Starling Medical College on March 4, 1890. He has practiced in the city of his birth since leaving college. He was married in 1890 to Annie M. Sleffel. BEGAN WORK IN SCHOOL ROOM. George W. Pickering, who has been practicing in Urbana since 1895, was horn July 1, 1859, in Rockingham county, Virginia. He came to Urbana alone at the age of nineteen, completed the work in the high school, taught school three years and then began the study of medicine in the office of Dr. W. J. Sullivan. Later_ he entered Starling Medical College, at Columbus, and was graduated in 1886. He first practiced in the village of Eris, Champaign county, and nine years later, 1895, located at Urbana where he is still practicing. He was married, March 5, 1886, to Jennie Rinaker. Winfield S. Runkle was born in Salem township, January 11, 1851. He did not attend school until after he was ten years of age and then completed the common-school work in three years. Later he attended a school at North Lewisburg for a year and a half, after which he began the study of medicine under Dr. W. J. Sullivan at Mingo. In the meantime he taught school in order to get enough money to go to college. He was graduated from Miami Medical College in 1873 and at once bought out Doctor Sullivan at Mingo and continued to practice there for a number of years. He was married, December 31, 1874, to Mezzie Evans. Daniel W. Sharp, a practicing physician at Woodstock for many years, was graduated from the Cincinnati College of Medicine and Surgery in 1875; practiced at Pottersburg, Ohio, for the first three years after graduation and then spent the following four years at Middlebury, Ohio. He then located in Woodstock where he practiced until his death in 1910. James F. Spain, who died at the age of thirty-five, had graduated from a medical school at Chicago, been elected county treasurer, had served as surgeon of the One Hundred and Thirty-fourth Regiment Ohio Volunteer Infantry and in the meantime had engaged in the practice of his profession. He was born at Mechanicsburg on June 26, 1832, and died at the same place October 4, 1867. He was elected treasurer during the war, but resigned to become a surgeon in one of the last regiments raised in the state. After 374 - CHAMPAIGN COUNTY, OHIO returning to the county at the close of the war he took up the duties of the treasurer's office and was still holding it at the time of his death in 1867. RENDERED SERVICE AS A PRIVATEER. James B. Stansbury, who died in Urbana, January 15, 1860, practiced in Champaign county from 1835 until his death. It is probable that no man in the county had a more exciting experience than fell to the lot of this worthy doctor. In the early spring of 1812 he was on board a ship on the way to England and was captured and placed in prison. Later he was released and returned to America. He was so bitter in his resentment of the treatment he had received at the hands of England, that as soon as war was declared in June, 1812, he joined Capt. Thomas Boyle in fitting out a privateer for preying on English shipping. These two Yankees swept the Atlantic and had the courage to attack British ships off the coast of England. A career of three years on the high seas resulted in the "Chasseur", their ship, capturing eighteen vessels with cargoes valued at fifteen million dollars. W. J. Sullivan, one of the leading physicians of Urbana for half a century, was born in Greene county, Ohio, July 7, 1824. He removed to Logan county with his parents when a child and was there reared to manhood. He read medicine under Dr. J. W. Hamilton, of West Liberty, and then entered Starling Medical College from which he was graduated in 1853. He located at West Middleburg, Logan county, and practiced there until 1863, when he located at Bellefontaine. In 1866 he located in Urbana, where he was engaged in the practice until his death in 1907. He was assistant surgeon of the Ninety-sixth Regiment Ohio Volunteer Infantry for eight months, when ill health compelled him to leave the service; later he served as surgeon of the One Hundred and Thirty-second Regiment, Ohio National Guard, for one hundred days. He was married, April 17, 1859, to Sarah J. Allen. Jonathan Thatcher, a practicing physician in the county since 1877, was born at Piqua, Ohio, November 6, 1840. He was graduated from the high school at Cedarville, Ohio, in 1857 and at once began teaching school at Westville, Ohio. He taught until 1861, when he enlisted in Company K, Fifty-third Regiment, Ohio Volunteer Infantry, but was discharged a year later on account of disability. He at once returned to Champaign county, where he resumed teaching and at the same time read medicine. In 1863 he entered the Physicians and Physio-Medical College of Cincinnati and was graduated in 1864. For the following six months he practiced in Donnelsville, Clark county, Ohio, and for the next thirteen years at Miami City. In CHAMPAIGN COUNTY, OHIO - 375 1877 he located at St. Paris and later built a beautiful home two and a half miles east of St. Paris. He has now practically retired from the practice, and is living on a farm in the southern part of Salem township. He was married, August 20, 1863, to Sarah Jane Hall. They have five children. HAD AN ADVENTUROUS CAREER. William H. Wagstaff was born in Adams county, Ohio, November 27, 1828. He received his college education at Granville College, Ohio, leaving there in 1849 to begin the study of medicine under Doctor. Price at Newark, Ohio. During the early fifties he was in the West with the thousands who were hoping to find gold and his experiences during the next ten years were so many and exciting that they would easily fill a volume. He was around South America, across Panama, along the Atlantic coast, on the Wabash river in Indiana, engaged in business in Nashville, Tennessee, in 1858, and finally fought in the Civil War in the Fifty-fourth Regiment, Indiana Volunteer Infantry. He filled almost every rank in his regiment and immediately after being mustered out returned to Ohio to complete his medical education. He was graduated from two medical colleges with honors and then located at North Lewisburg, Ohio, where he soon built up a large practice. He married. a daughter of Doctor Butcher, of Urbana, in 1865. A. L. Williams was born in Delaware county, Ohio, September 30, 1836, and spent his boyhood days on the farm. He was educated at Ohio Wesleyan University and then began teaching with the intention of securing sufficient funds to enter a medical college.. In the meantime he read medicine under Dr. T. B. Williams at Delaware, Ohio, and then .entered Starling Medical College where he was graduated. He practiced four years in Unionville, Ohio, and then entered the army as surgeon of the Seventy-fourth Regiment, Ohio Volunteer Infantry, continuing as such for the remaining two years of the war. He then located at North Lewisburg, where he continued to practice for several years. He was married in 1864 to Martha T. Beard. Augustus M. Zeigler, who has been practicing in tile county since 1881, was born at Fultonham, Ohio, November 8, 1851. He taught for a few years and while still teaching began reading medicine in the office of Doctor Vanatta, of Fultonham. In 1879 he entered one of the medical schools at Columbus and later matriculated at the Starling Medical College, graduating on February 25, 1880. He practiced at Kings Creek, 1881-1883; Urbana, 1883-1885; and has been at Mingo since 1885.. He was married In 1883 to Mary Winters. 376 - CHAMPAIGN COUNTY, OHIO. CHAMPAIGN COUNTY PHYSICIANS, 1805-1917. It will never be known how many physicians have practiced in Champaign county since 1865. There has been no attempt by the local medical society to list all of them, and it is very probable that at no time since the organization was established that all the physicians have been members of it. Even in 1917 there are a number who are not identified with the county medical society. Therefore, in the absence of a complete official list of physicians, the historian has turned to other sources of information in an attempt to compile a list. The county commissioners' records have furnished the names of a .large number who practiced before 1850, the physicians,. as before stated, being compelled to pay a tax for several years prior to 1850. Another source of information, and probably the best source, has been the files of the local newspapers. Local papers since 1849, with the exception of the Civil War period, are on file in the county auditor's office. In listing all the two hundred and six physicians found in the following pages, it Will be noticed that the Christian names of a number are missing. The newspapers very frequently refer to physicians as Doctor So-and-So, giving only the surname. In the case of others there was nothing to indicate where they practiced, or how long they practiced in the county; in short, no other data was found than their name, and sometimes only their surname. The appended list gives their location in the county as near as could be determined from the meager data available. Some may have never practiced in the county, evidence on this point not always being conclusive. The physicians now living in the county are indicated in the following list with italics. 'The complete list follows : Adams, S. H. Amidon, C. S., Mechanicsburg.. Ayers, Joseph M., died in Urbana in 1898. Baker, B. Frank, St. Paris. Baker, John, St. Paris. Baker, Lyman, Mechanicsburg. Baldridge, A. H., born January 3, 1795; died in Urbana, January 6, 1891. Banes, Evan, one of the first in. Urbana; Powhattan; edited a newspaper. Barger, F. F., Urbana. CHAMPAIGN COUNTY, OHIO - 377 Barr, E. J. Bartley, Michael, removed from Urbana to Columbus in 1882. Bassett, ______ Beckwith, E. F. Belleville, W. W., licensed in 1846 to practice in Champaign county. Bennett, P. R., Urbana. Bodey, G. W., North Lewisburg. Bonner, _____ , one of the first in Urbana. Bowren, _____ , North Lewisburg. Brand, Frank W., Urbana. Brown, Joseph C., died in Urbana, January, 1888. Buhrer, Emil D., Urbana. Bunn, J. H., Mutual. Burns, _______ formerly at Christiansburg. Butcher, John C., died in Urbana in 1902. Butcher, John M., born, September 23, 1816; died in Urbana January 6, 1891. Carlo, Martez. Carter, Joseph S., Jr., Urbana. Carter, Joseph S., Sr., died in Urbana in 1852. Case,   , one of the first in Urbana. Chance, Samuel, DeGraff. Cheney, Abner, one of the first in Urbana. Clark, C. K., North Lewisburg. Clark, Joseph H., Mechanicsburg. Collins, Elijah, one of the first in Urbana. Corner, D. J. Conkright,      , one of the first in Urbana. Cook, Harry, Urbana. Cowan, Wilson V. Cowgill, Thomas, Salem Township. Cox, W. S. died at St. Paris. Craig, Claude C., Urbana. Crawford, George W. Crawford, John S., Woodstock; born 1854; died 1889. Curry, _______ Davenport, Benjamin, practiced in Woodstock from 1836 to 1850. Davidson, James, first physician in Urbana. 378 - CHAMPAIGN COUNTY, OHIO Davis, ______ , formerly at Christiansburg. Deaton, ,Van S., formerly at Christiansburg, now practicing at Toledo. Delaney, Daniel, practiced at Woodstock for years. Diamond, E. E., died at Mechanicsburg in March, 1916. Dickson, Henry J., Mechanicsburg. Duff, H. M., born, August 12, .1828 ; died, May 6, 1876. Earle, E. R., Urbana. Elbert, John D., Sr., Urbana. Emmons, D. R. Evans, Louis, Urbana. Everett, Wilson, Urbana, also in newspaper business. Faulkner, L. W., St. Paris. Finsterwald, C. J., North Lewisburg. since August 14, 1916. Fisler, Israel, Urbana, operated drug store for years. Forshea, ______ , one of the first at Urbana ; he and McCann practiced together at Middletown. French, ______, bought out the practice of Charles F. Ring, Urbana, Fyffe, E. P., born in Urbana, April 4, 1810; died September 25, 1867. Garwood, J. Stokes, died at North Lewisburg. Gilchrist, _________ Gille, Lewis C. C., Westville. Goddard, I. W., Urbana, 1896. Good, J. F., St. Paris. Good, S. G., St. Paris. Green, W J., Woodstock. Grimes, R. Lee, formerly at Woodstock ; now at Westville. Grogan, William C. Hale, Thomas T., formerly at Spring Hills. Hamsher, James F., St. Paris. Hamsher, John F., St. Paris. Happersett, William H., died at Urbana, November 14, 1852. Harrsch, _______ Harris, J. Hartshorn, ________ Haster, M. L. Hathaway, JoHn C., Mechanicsburg. Havens, Horatio, died in Urbana in 1905. Henderson, Richard T., Urbana. CHAMPAIGN COUNTY, OHIO - 379 Henderson, Robert, Urbana. Herrick, Lucius C., Woodstock. Hewitt, Warren C., Woodstock ; now at Xenia. Hitt, T. S., Urbana. Hodges, G. H., died at Urbana, February, 1896. Holloway, Joseph. Hopkins, _______ , formerly at Christiansburg. Horr, Obed, died at Mechanicsburg. Houser, Daniel C., Urbana. Houston, Henry C., died in Urbana, January 6, 1916. Houston, Mark C., Urbana. Houston, Vera, Urbana. Houston, William M., died in Urbana, August 7, 1900. Howell, John G. Hughs, _______ , one of the first in Urbana. Hunt, H. B., St. Paris. Hunt, William S. Hyde, William Fulton, Christiansburg Hyde, W. B., Christiansburg; son of William F. Hyde. Hyde, Cyrus T. Johnson, Gould, Urbana. Jones, Caleb, St. Paris, also operates drug store. Jones, Thomas. Kenton, J. Kerns, George S., Spring Hills. Kerr, John M. Kester, ________ , North Lewisburg. Kindleberger, T. G. Latta, _________ Lawler, E. D. Leonard, Christopher, now at West Liberty. Longfellow, Joseph V., now living at Eris ; not practicing; an invalid. Longfellow, Victor O., Concord township. Ludlow, E. W., Urbana. Luce, Douglas, probably never practiced in the county. McCann, W. B., Mechanicsburg; Middletown. McFarland, Alfred. McIlvain, William. 380 - CHAMPAIGN COUNTY, OHIO. McLain, J. L. McLaughlin, Clarence M., Westville. McLaughlin, Richard, died in 1891. McPherrin, James. McReynolds, J. F. Marlin, T. J. Marshall, Lemon.  Martin, ________ Means, W. J., practiced in Christiansburg until he sold to V. H. Ruble. Mendenhall, ______ , one of the first in Urbana. Mersham, N. S. Middleton, A. H., Cable. Moore, David H., Urbana. Moore, Samuel C., Urbana. Morrison, James L. Mosgrove, Adam, died in Urbana, March 10, 1875. Mosgrove, James M., died in Urbana, November, 1903. Mosgrove, Samuel M., died in Urbana, November, 1913. Mosgrove, William A. Murdock, William M. died at Ottuma. Iowa, February 13, 1891. Musselman, Anderson, died at St. Paris. Musson, John J., died at St. Paris, August II, 1899. Newcomb, C. H. Nincehelser, O. A., Mechanicsburg. Norman, L. M., St. Paris. O'Brine, David, Urbana. Offenbacker, Charles A., St. Paris. O'Gara, John D., Urbana. Ogden, Henry O., Mechanicsburg. Owen, E. Owen, Philander R. Overton, John L. Pearce, Abner B., Urbana. Pearce, Henry Clay, Urbana. Pearce, Henry M., Urbana. Pheron, James M. Pickering, George W., Urbana. Poppano, Seth L. CHAMPAIGN COUNTY, OHIO - 381 Preston, H. S., Mutual. Pringle, Thomas. Rhodehammel, Harry. Rhodes, Nelson M., Urbana. Richards, Thomas. Ring, Hamilton, died in Urbana, 1884. Ring, Charles F., practiced in Urbana; now in New York City. Roberts, R. L., died in 1909. Roots, A. K. Rose, B. A. Ruble, V. H., Christiansburg. Runkle, Winfield S., Mingo. Sabin, ______ , formerly at Christiansburg. Saylor, John Milton, Christiansburg. Sharp, W. H., died at Woodstock in 1910. Sharp, William Howard, Woodstock. Sharp, W. T. Sidner, A. L. Smith, Cyrus. Smith, G. M. Smith, Harold, Urbana Smith, Maurice L., Urbana. Spain, James F., died at Mechanicsburg, October 4, 1867. Sullivan, W. J., died in Urbana in 1907. Sullivan, Daniel L. Swimley, G. W., Cable. Stansberry, James B., died in Urbana in 1860. Stoutenborough, W. B., Mechanicsburg. Sumner, Andrew. Taylor, Ichabod C. Thatcher, Jonathan, living on a farm in Salem township. Tipple, W. H., Terre Haute. Vail, A. L. Vance, Duncan M., born August 16, 1818; died August 29, 1878. Wagstaff, William H., North Lewisburg. Wanzer, C. M., Urbana. White, Charles. Whitmar, D. M., died at Millerstown in 1892. 382 - CHAMPAIGN COUNTY, OHIO. Williams, A. L., North Lewisburg. Wood, Marquis. Wooley, David C., Christiansburg. Wolfe, Voght, G., Urbana. Wright, C. H., living on a farm near Christiansburg. Yinger, W. R., Rosewood. Zeller, B. F., Christiansburg. Zeller, Ward, St. Paris ; son of B. F. Zeller. Zeller, Rush, St. Paris ; son of B. F. Zeller. Ziegler, Augustus M., Mingo. THE PARKHURST WILLOW BARK INSTITUTE. The Parkhurst Willow Bark Institute was established at St. Paris, December 1, 1900, by J. E. McMorran, M. I,. Bull, M. W. Thomas, C. H. Darnell and Dr. Caleb Jones. Doctor Jones was the president of the association and the director of the institution. He was born at Piqua, Ohio, June 2, 1851; was graduated from the Cincinnati College of Medicine and Surgery in 1876; located at St. Paris for the practice of his profession, February 13, 1877; joined Dr. Anderson Musselman in the practice and also in the ownership of a drug store in the city, continuing the partnership until 1889; then became associated with Dr. W. S. Cox in practice and also in the drug business for five years ; following the death of Doctor Cox, Doctor Jones became associated with Dr. William S. Hunt, and was with him at the time the institute was organized at St. Paris in 1900. The Willow Bark Institute was established primarily for the treatment of inebriety. Doctor Jones is the author of a volume entitled "Drunkenness, or Modern Ideas on the Liquor Habit," and is recognized as an authority on the treatment of alcoholic inebriety. The institution continued in operation in St: Paris until October, 1904, when it was consolidated with the Champaign Sanitarium Company, of Urbana, the new institution being known as the Champaign Sanitarium. THE CHAMPAIGN SANITARIUM. The first sanitarium in Urbana was organized in October, 1904, and was a consolidation of the Parkhurst Willow Bark Sanitarium, of St. Paris, with the Champaign Sanitarium, of Urbana. Both institutions had been in successful operation for some years previously, the former being CHAMPAIGN. COUNTY, OHIO - 383 particularly successful. The purpose of the union of the two sanitariums was to provide better facilities and more extensive methods of treatment by utilizing the building in Urbana which had been used as a Catholic seminary since 1878. The building was purchased for eighty-three hundred dollars, of which seventy-three hundred dollars was paid in cash. The stock of the company was given for the remainder. This building was located on North Main street and had been used for several purposes besides a seminary since its erection in the fifties. It was one hundred and fifty feet in length, fifty feet in width and four stories high, giving a floor space of twenty-two hundred square feet. It had a capacity Of one hundred patients. The building is now occupied by a tool and die factory. While the consolidated institution was in operation, it enjoyed a wide patronage in its five departments, medical, surgical, nervous, psychopathic and orthopedic. Inebriety was given special treatment, and the alcoholic and drug wards were more widely patronized than any others. Special rooms were fitted up for amusement, gymnastic exercises, massaging, vapor baths, etc. The first president and general manager of the sanitarium was Marion 1V. Thomas ; Dr. G. W. Pickering was chairman of the board of physicians, Marion R. Talbot was treasurer, and M. J. Scott, secretary. C. H. Darnell, who had been one of the stockholders of the St. Paris institution had a financial interest in the new sanitarium. The institution seemed to have all of the necessary qualifications for a successful career, but for some reason it did not achieve the success which its promoters hoped. For seven months after it was opened it met with a hearty reception and yielded its promoters a net return of ten per cent. on their investments. Then the fortunes of the institution changed and it was soon in such financial straits that by September, 1905, its original owners were ready to dispose of it. NILES SANITARIUM. The next and last owner of the sanitarium in Urbana was E. L. Rowe, of Dayton, who secured the Champaign Sanitarium in September, 1905, and placed Dr. G. W. Pickering in charge of it. Doctor Pickering had been with the institution since it was established in Urbana. The new institution became known as the Niles Sanitarium, and maintained a more or less successful career until the close of 1914. It was called the Niles Sanitarium in honor of John Niles and wife who left a large estate to the 384 - CHAMPAIGN COUNTY, OHIO. institution. Niles was a wealthy farmer of the county and he and his wife were so impressed with the value of the institution while they were patients in it that they decided to leave a sufficient amount to make it a permanent institution. There has been no effort to establish an institution of this character since the Niles Sanitarium closed.. Since that time the county infirmary hospital has been the only institution in the county in a position to handle emergency cases. CHAPTER XXI. BENCH AND BAR. The lawyer is ubiquitous. This statement is true as far as civilized society is concerned ; the savages have no lawyers ; but civilization demands them. Hence they are ubiquitous. The lawyer arrived in Urbana ,with the blacksmith, the carpenter, the minister and the physician. As long as the Ten Commandments are embodied in our statute books there will be a place for .the lawyer in our, scheme of civilization. Moses was the law giver of antiquity, the founder of a civil code and his codification of the laws of his day stamps him as being well gr0unded in the underlying principles of justice. THE FIRST LAWYER IN CHAMPAIGN COUNTY. Moses B. Corwin was the first follower of the original Moses to locate in Champaign county. The likeness between the two lawyers does not extend any farther than a similarity of names. Corwin had a long and distinguished career in Urbana and eventually served in Congress. It is not possible to follow the careers of all the lawyers of Champaign county since the days of Corwin. They have come and gone during these one hundred years, many staying only a short time and others passing their whole active professional career in the county seat. The towns of St. Paris, Mechanicsburg, North Lewisburg, Christiansburg, Cable and Woodstock have contributed a few lawyers to the quota of the county and many who spent the latter part of their careers in Urbana began their practice in one of the other towns of the county. Lawyers are of, as varying abilities as men in any other vocation in life; some are strong, some are weak and some mediocre. In these latter days lawyers specialize in different departments of the practice, but half a century ago most of the lawyers were what might be called all-around practitioners. It is true that some were, better jury lawyers than others, and that some preferred civil to criminal cases, but the average lawyer in the early days of the county was willing to handle any kind of a case. (25) 386 - CHAMPAIGN COUNTY, OHIO. LEADING LAWYERS OF A PAST GENERATION. It is impossible to rank the lawyers of the county on the basis of their respective merits. Some of the best known lawyers were not die best; the elder Corwin was not a great lawyer. Omitting the lawyers who are living—and three or four of the number will rank along with the best the county has ever produced—there seems to be a concensus of opinion that the following named lawyers include the best of the past generation : John H. Young, John S. Leedom, Thomas J. Frank, James Cooley, Frank Chance, John H. James, George M. Eichelberger, Herman D. Crow and George Waite. This list is only suggestive and represents the concensus of opinion of the leading lawyers in Urbana in 1917. Little is known of the older lawyers except by way of tradition and the ranking of James Cooley, who died in 1828, is based solely on his record handed down through succeeding generations. Israel Hamilton was known as a prominent lawyer in the early days of the county, but whether his prominence was due to his legal ability is not known. A ROLL OF THE LEGAL PROFESSION. An effort has been made to compile a list of all the lawyers who have practiced in the county from the beginning. Very little is known about many of these men and probably two score of the number would be unknown if their names had not been preserved in the local newspapers or in the records of the county commissioners. The list follows : LAWYERS OF CHAMPAIGN COUNTY, 1805-1917. Bacon, Henry Baldwin, Samuel V. Baldwin, William Bannister, Dwight Banta, Edgar Banta, Harry H. Bayles, William Bell, Daniel S. Black, Charles B. Bodey, E. L. Bodey, Lowell C. Bollinger, Alva C. Bright, A. J. Bryan, Alden Burnett, John D. Buroker, Charles E. Byler, J. W. Carruthers, William Chance, Frank Cheney, E. Erwood Cheney, T. S. Clem, Joseph A. Cooley, James Cook, Lyman B. CHAMPAIGN COUNTY, OHIO - 387 Corkery, Thomas J. Corwin, Ichabod Corwin, John A. Corwin, Moses B. Cory, D. J. Crawford, Frank T. Crow, Herman D. Crow, Horace Menton Crow, Thomas Denton Deaton, Sherman S. Deuel, A. C. Deuel, Jeremiah Duncan, Charles H. Eichelberger, George M. Eichelberger, Joseph Franklin Flaugher, Joseph W. Foster, Enid Ware Frank, Thomas J. Fromme, Grant V. Fulton, Charles Fulton, Robert C. Galligher, Michael Geiger, Levi Geiger, W. F. Gibbs, Virgil H. Gordon, C. C. Gowey, John F. Gowey, Marcus C. Guthridge, _______ Hamilton, Israel Heiserman, Clarence B. Holcomb, John Hoopes, W. A. Horr, Rezin C. Houston, Walter Houston, Harold W. Humes, W. A. Hunter, Hale James, John Henry, Sr. James, John Henry, Jr. Johnson, Charles Johnson, Louis D. Keller, T. G. Kenaga, Heber Kirkpatrick, C. C. Kenfield, Scott Kyle, H. J. Leedom, John S. Lewis, James M. Long, Leander H. Lowry, W. D. McCracken, George W. McCracken, Henry F. McDonald, Duncan, Jr. McKenzie, A. R. McMorran, S. T. McNemar, Richard R. Madden, Benjamin F. Martz, B. F. Middleton, Arthur N. Middleton, Evan Perry Middleton, George S. Miller, B. Frank Morgan, E. D. Mosgrove, William F. Moulton, R. C. Niles, Henry T. Niles, John T. Ogden, John W. Owen, Marion B. Owen, Thomas Bond Pearce, Edward W. Pickering, R. W. Poland, George W. Purtlebaugh, W. A. Reed, Aquilla J. Richardson, Frank A. Richards, Daniel 388 - CHAMPAIGN COUNTY, OHIO. Ring, William F. Robinson, Samuel H. Russell, John M. Russell, Joseph G. Sayre, Moses M. Sceva, Lewis C. Seibert, Benjamin E. Seibert, George Pearl Shaul, J. M. Smith, H. G. Sowles, F. B. Taylor, James. Taylor, Samuel M. Todd, David W. Waite, George, Jr. Waite, George, Sr. Ware, T. B. Warnock, Ross W. Warnock, William R. Way, George B. Weaver, George A. Willis, John H. Wood, C. A. Young, John H. Zimmer, Frank A. LAWYERS OF 1917. The civil bar list for May, 1917, lists thirty-seven lawyers in the county who have been admitted to the bar and are entitled to practice before the local courts. Of the thirty-seven, twenty-nine are residents of Urbana. St. Paris has two lawyers, Alva C. Bollinger and C. E. Buroker ; Mechanicsburg, two, T. B. Ware and C. A. Wood; Cable, two, Benjamin F. Madden and J. M. Shaul; North Lewisburg, one, M. C. Gowey ; Christiansburg, one, A. J. Bright. The lawyers resident in the county seat in 1917 are as follows : H. H. Banta, E. L. Bodey, L. C. Bodey, E. E. Cheney, D. J. Cory, H. NI. Crow, S. S. Deaton, J. W. Flaugher, G. V. Fromme, V. H. Gibbs, R. C. Harr, H. W. Houston, L. D. Johnson, J. H. James, Jr., J. M. Lewis, E. P. Middleton, George S. Middleton, B. F. Miller, T. B. Owen, M. B. Owen, G. W. Poland, W. F. Ring, G. P. Seibert, B. E. Seibert, D. W. Todd, George Waite, W. R. Warnock, R. W. Warnock and Frank A. Zimmer. THE TAXING OF LAWYERS. Prior to the adoption of the constitution of 1851 the law of Ohio permitted county commissioners to list lawyers and physicians for taxation. The first record in the commissioners' minutes indicating that the men engaged in the practice of medicine and law were being taxed at so much per head is found in the minutes of June, 1839. They were taxed from one to three dollars each, but there is no way of telling what constituted the difference between a three-dollar lawyer and one worth one dollar. Neither is it known who placed the valuation on the lawyers In the 1839 list of lawyers sched- CHAMPAIGN COUNTY, OHIO - 389 uled for taxation John H. James heads the list at the maximum rate and John H. Young is listed at the minimum. The lawyers listed for taxation in 1839 were John H. James, Moses B. Corwin, Israel Hamilton, R. R. McNemar, H. J. Kyle and Daniel S. Bell. In 1840 the same lawyers were listed and John A. Corwin and Samuel H. Robinson were added to the list. No record is given in the commissioners' minutes of the lawyers taxed for the years 1841-184.5, inclusive, although reference is made to the rate of taxation being the same as in previous years. In 1846 the list included the three Corwins (J. A., 'VI. B. and I. C.), Bell, McNemar, James, Kyle, Young and two new lawyers—John D. Burnett and S. V. Baldwin. N0 record is given of the lawyers who paid their taxes in 1847 and 1848, and the year 1849 adds only one new lawyer; William Carruthers. The year 1849 marks the end of the record of taxing lawyers, but they were probably taxed in 1850. There is no evidence to show that they paid this personal tax after the constitution of 1851 went into effect. TRAINING OF LAWYERS. Few of the lawyers had college training before the seventies, most of them being trained in the office of one of the older lawyers in Urbana. Many of them taught school in their earlier years; in fact, it seems that nearly all of the better class of lawyers in the county taught school in their earlier years. Judges Middleton, Heiserman and Gibbs, were wielders of the rod before they took up the gavel, and it could be shown that the schoolroom has furnished lawyer after lawyer for the local bar. The present bar examinations in Ohio are calculated to test the applicant's general knowledge of law and they are becoming so difficult that practically all of the lawyers of recent years have taken some work in a law school. Any discussion of the ability of the lawyers of today naturally brings up the question of the ability of those of the earlier history of the county. Ohio and every other state in the Union has what has been known for hundreds of years as justices of the peace. JUSTICES OF THE PEACE. A justice of the peace is very seldom, if ever, a lawyer, but there are at least two in Champaign county who have been lawyers. And yet these dispensers of justice have handled thousands of cases in Champaign county and have dispensed a quality of justice which has usually made them honored in their respective communities. It is one of the things which Anglo-Saxons 390 - CHAMPAIGN COUNTY, OHIO. pride themselves on—the idea that one man is as good as another—and that a justice of peace, untrained though he may be, nevertheless is able in some way to handle a multitude of minor cases of law. The supposition is that he makes up in common sense what he lacks in legal training, and if he has this Yankee trait which we denominate "horse sense," it is supposed to make up for all other shortcomings. JUDICIAL SYSTEM PRIOR TO 1851. During the period from 1803 to 1851 Ohio had a judicial system which provided for the election of three to five judges in each county of the state to be known as associate judges. These judges were not required to know any law. These judges sat with the president judge, but when the latter was not present they had the right to hold court themselves. Some wise man once said that the reason why justice was represented as a blind-folded woman was because she feared to look upon the men who were to dispense the justice she was supposed to typify. Be that as it may, the judges of Champaign county between 1805 and 1851 really served the people as faithfully and efficiently as if they had been skilled in law. After all, if twelve men can determine the merits of a case, whether it be the value of a clog or a human life, it is not too much to assume that the untrained judges of the olden days was competent to sit, upon any and all cases which might come before them. PROMINENCE OF LAWYERS. If it were possible to roll back the scroll and present to view the scores of lawyers who have come and gone in Champaign county there would be seen many men wh0 have made state and even national reputations for themselves. At the local bar have appeared men who later sat on the supreme bench of the state, who graced the halls of Congress, who honored their country by service in the diplomatic field, who in one way or another have made names for themselves which gives them the right to be classed as men of talent. It is a strange, albeit a striking fact, that in America we honor the man in public life above those who perform equally meritorious service in private life. Then, too, it is a fact, explain it who will, that it is the lawyer who usually represents his community in public affairs ; hence it is the lawyer who is best known in his county ; he it is who is remembered by future generations. The man who had the best hardware store in town, or operated the biggest farm in the county, or had the biggest medical practice, .never achieves the fame which falls to the successful lawyer. CHAMPAIGN COUNTY, OHIO - 391 THE FIRST COURT IN THE COUNTY. The lawyer is associated invariably with the courts and any discussion of the lawyer in Champaign county necessarily brings in a review of the county's court history. The act organizing the county provided that the first court should meet at the house of George Fithian, in Springfield, and should continue to meet there until such time as other provisions had been made. The president judge was Francis Dunleavy and his associates were John Reynolds, John Runyon and Samuel McCullough (Culloch). The prosecutor was Arthur St. Clair, the son of the former governor of the Northwest Territory; the sheriff of the court was John Daugherty; the clerk was Joseph C. Vance, the father of a future governor of the state. One hundred and twelve years have elapsed since this first court of Champaign county convened. The world has made more progress in these one hundred and more years than in all the previous ages of history. Could the men who foregathered around the judge on that l0th day of April, 1805, drive into Urbana in an automobile in 1917 they could not be convinced that they were living on the same planet they were a hundred years ago. Scarcely a thing would they see which would be familiar to their eyes. Hardly an article of dress, hardly any of the many things which surround us in our present-day civilization, would be recognized by these good old forefathers of ours. But they were impressed with their importance on that April day in 1805, and well they might be. It was their duty to see that justice was administered ; to them fell the duty of putting this county in shape to start its career as an independent political entity. And they did their work well. We wish we might have walked in to the dining room of pioneer Fithian which served as a court room. What would we have seen? There would have been more than a dozen sober-faced men, plainly clad in homespun and skins, some with well-oiled queues, some with close-cropped hair, some with leather breeches, some with coonskin caps and some with none at all, some with moccasins and some with calfskin boots—but every man, no matter how dressed, was intent upon the performance of such duties as the law assigned him. A study of the cases which appeared in the courts of early days show that most of those which reached the common pleas court were concerned with land transactions. Murder cases were few in number and such cases of violence as occurred later in the history of the county, particularly in the 392 - CHAMPAIGN COUNTY, OHIO. decade of the Civil War, were very infrequent before the fifties. In Champaign, as in all other counties of the state, justice of peace courts had cognizance of the wide variety of minor cases, both civil and criminal, very few of which were ever reviewed by the higher courts. The common pleas court under the 1802 constitution had charge of all classes of causes now under the jurisdiction of the court and in addition handled the business now in charge of the probate court. An interesting incident has been preserved regarding the first session of court in Champaign county. Sheriff Dougherty had a writ of capias which he had tried to serve on Simon Kenton and Phillip Jarbo, the writ being for the recovery of a debt for which Kenton had gone security. When the judge called upon the sheriff to produce the two men the sheriff handed the judge the writ and this is what the judge read on the back of the writ : "Found Phillip Jarbo and have his body in court; found Simon Kenton, but he refuses to be arrested." And as far as the record discloses Kenton was never arrested by any officer of the law, neither for this nor, for any other infraction of the law. Kenton was later deputy sheriff and, so the story goes, once' served a warrant on himself and, moreover, confined himself to the prison bounds for such a length of time as he was convicted. LOCAL COURT UNDER OLD CONSTITUTION. During the forty-seven years that the courts of Champaign county were under the old constitution (1805-1852) there was only one president judge elected by the Legislature from Champaign county to preside over the district of which Champaign county was a part. It was not because the county did not have able lawyers, but rather because it was joined with several other counties, some of which had the best lawyers in the state. For many years Franklin county was in the district which includes Champaign, and naturally the judge of the district was usually a resident of that county. This was all the more necessary because there was more business to be transacted in Franklin county than in all the other counties of the district. As has been mentioned the first judge of the district of which Champaign county was a part was Francis Dunleavy. He was followed by Judge Joseph R. Swann, of Columbus, who was probably the best known of all the president judges who presided over the local courts. He was the author of a treatise on the justice of the peace, which was widely used throughout the state. It is said that there was scarcely a justice of the peace in the state who did not have a copy of this invaluable work. In fact, it was usually CHAMPAIGN COUNTY, OHIO - 393 the beginning and end of the library of the ordinary "squire." Judge Swann was regarded as one of the ablest jurists of the state and because of his kindly interest in struggling young lawyers and his patience in: dealing with the old cantankerous lawyers, he was held in the highest esteem by all the members of the local bar. He continued on the bench until 1848, when George B. Way was elected by the Legislature, the only president judge elected from Champaign county. Judge Way served until the Constitution of 1851 went into effect on the second Monday in February, 1852. ASSOCIATE JUDGES. While there were only three president judges during the period of the old Constitution there was a long list of associate judges. The first constitution of the state provided for a peculiar judiciary, and the state of Indiana in 1816 provided one in all respects similar to the one which Ohio adopted in 1802. Ohio divided the state into a number of judicial circuits and provided for a president judge to preside over each, but allowed each county in a district to elect three so-called associate judges. While the president judges were presumably lawyers; and usually were, the associate judges were not supposed to have any knowledge of law. The president judges, as well as their associates on the bench, were elected by the Legislature. A few of the associate judges of Champaign county had served as justices of the peace and in that capacity had learned a smattering of law, but the great majority of them were plain farmers with no other qualifications than good common sense. Such a man was Judge James Dallas, an Irishman, a Protestant, and a man of most pronounced convictions. Another was Judge James Smith, who located in the county in 1813, about one mile west of Urbana. Judge Elisha C. Berry was one of the most prominent of the early citizens of the county. Judge John Taylor was one of the leaders of the Democratic party and was such a violent adherent of Andrew Jackson that he sold a farm when he found there was a clay hill on it. Taylor later moved to Defiance county and soon became prominent in political affairs there, representing that county in the state senate. His unswerving devotion to the principles of Democracy did not blind him to the evils of slavery and, when the Democratic party seemed. about to condone the institution, Taylor threw all of his support to the new Republican party. The old judge died in Defiance county in the eighties, being upwards of ninety years of age at the time of his death. Judge Obed Horr was a practicing physician of Mechanicsburg, a wealthy landowner and a prosperous merchant and in this three- 394 - CHAMPAIGN COUNTY, OHIO. fold capacity became one of the leaders of his section of the county. Many of the associate judges have already been noticed and there is no need of recounting their personal characteristics in this connection. Certainly such men as John Reynolds, John Guthridge, Alexander McBeth, George Fithian, William Patrick and E. L. Morgan were men of the highest integrity and well worthy of the confidence of the people of the county. COMPLETE LIST OF ASSOCIATE JUDGES, 1805-1852. A list of associate judges, together with the dates of their election by the Legislature, has been compiled from the official records. The names of some are repeated, which indicates that they were re-elected. After 1819 the exact dates of their election are not given. The office was abolished by the constitution of 1851 and the judges on the bench ceased their official duties with the beginning of the new common pleas court of the state on the second Monday of February, 1852. The complete list of the associate judges follows : John Reynolds, February 21, 1805 ; John Runyon, February 21, 1805; Samuel McCullough, February 21, 1805 ; John Guthridge, February 17, 1809; John Reynolds, February 25, 1816; Alexander McBeth, December 5, 1816 ; Samuel Hill, January 27, 1818; John Runyon, February 6, 1819; James Smith, Legislature of 1820; George Fithian, Legislature of 1821 ; A. R. Colwell, Legislature of 1824; Samuel Hill, Legislature of 1825 ; William Runkle, January 22, 1827; William Fithian, January 22, 1827; James Smith, January 22, 1827 ; Obed Herr, January, 1831; Elisha C. Berry, January, 1834; David Markley, January, 1834; Charles Flago, January, 1837; James Dallas, January, 1837; John Taylor, Jr., January, 1837; Elisha C. Berry, January, 1841 ; James Dallas, January, 1844; John Owens, January, 1844; William Patrick, January, 1848; Edward L. Morgan, January, 1851; John West, January, 1851. COMMON PLEAS COURT. The present common pleas court was established by the constitution of 1851 and subsequent legislative enactments defined the duties of the court and divided the state into judicial circuits. The state was divided into nine districts at first, Champaign being placed in the second, with Montgomery and Miami counties, and this district remained unchanged until 1879, when Champaign and Miami counties were united in one district. Since 1879 a resident of Champaign county has been elected. CHAMPAIGN COUNTY, OHIO - 395. The legislative act establishing the office provided that the first election for common pleas judges should take place on the second Tuesday of October, 1851, and that the judges then chosen should take their seats on the second Monday of February, 1852. The judge elected for the district of Champaign, Montgomery and Miami was S. Hart, who served from 1852 to 1857, being followed by E. Parsons for another period of five years. William White occupied the bench for the five years prior to 1867, when Ichabod Corwin, of Urbana, was elected. The. records disclose the names of I. J. Winans and William J. Gilmore, as special judges in 1867. As stated above, a resident of Champaign county has been elected common pleas judge since 1867 with the exception of the years 1877-1879. George D. Burgess, of Troy, Miami county, served as judge during part of 1877, being followed by H. H. Williams, of the same county, who served until the act of 1879 provided for an additional judge in the subdivision of which Champaign county was a part. Ichabod Corwin died in office, November 28, 1872, and the resolutions on his death by the local bar association showed that he was held in high esteem by his fellow practitioners (Common Pleas Minutes, Vol. 32, p. 250). R. C. Fulton followed Judge Corwin for five years .(1872-1877), being followed in turn by William R. Warnock, who served two terms, 1879-1889. Judge Warnock was later elected to Congress and is still living in Urbana. Levi Geiger followed Judge Warnock and after one term on the bench retired in favor of Clarence B. Heiserman, the youngest judge who has ever been elected to the bench in this county, he having been only thirty-two years of age at the time of his elevation to the bench. Judge Heiserman was elected for a second term, but resigned on September 5, 1901, to become. solicitor for the Pennsylania railway system west of Pittsburgh. This position had been held for many years by another Urbana lawyer, Frank Chance, and it was upon the latter's death that the railroad company offered the position to Judge Heiserman. Since that time he has been advanced until now he is general solicitor of the company. Without doubt Heiserman is one of the ablest lawyers the county has ever produced. The day after the resignation of Judge Heiserman was received by the governor, Evan P. Middleton was appointed to serve until the next regular election the following November. Judge Middleton was, elected in the following November for Judge Heiserman's unexpired term and re-elected for a full term in November, 1904. During this term the Legislature extended the tenure of the office from five to six years. The record made by Judge Middleton on the bench his first term secured his nomination for a second term and the increasing satisfaction 396 - CHAMPAIGN COUNTY, OHIO. with which his work on the bench was received brought him a third nomination and a third election to the bench. He is now filling his third term, which will expire in 1922. No judge in the county during its history of more than a hundred years has occupied the bench for a longer period than Judge Middleton. A complete list of Common Pleas judges, since 1852 follows : S. Hart, 1852-57; E. Parsons, 1857-62; William White, 1862-67; Ichabod Corwin, 1867-72; R. C. Fulton, 1872-77; George D. Burgess, 1877; H. H; Williams, 1877-79; William R. Warnock, 1879-89; Levi Geiger, 1889-94; Clarence B Heiserman, 1894-1901; Evan P. Middleton, 1901. JUDGE EVAN PERRY MIDDLETON. By Ernest V; Shockley; We must all die some day ; even the lawyer can not live forever. When that last day comes our friends—and even our enemies—will talk about the good deeds we did on earth. As they meet they will deplore our passing; they will recall the hundreds of kindly acts we performed here on earth; they will then see only the good in our lives. No one who reads these lines will deny the truth of these assertions, and these same people who say these good things about us will very likely never have said one of them to our face while we were living; They just took it for granted that we were doing our best, but as for ever encouraging us by telling us that they appreciated what we were doing—well, they did not take the time to do it. And so we worked all our lives doing our best day by day, as the days came and went, without a word of appreciation from our friends. It is a way people have of doing things ; letting a man live his whole life and, then, after he is gone, telling each other what a good man h was, and what he did for the community in which he lived. It has been the privilege of the writer of these lines to have spent four months in the early part of 1917 with Judge Middleton, ,and during that time he learned to know the man. He talked to hundreds of people about him he heard their comments about his worth as a man and as a judge. Each succeeding day spent with this quiet man in his office, or with him as he went to and from his work as judge of the common pleas court of the county, gave the writer an opportunity to form a fair estimate of him. As general editor of the "History of Champaign County" he has given the work his careful and painstaking supervision and has given the writer, as historian, the benefit of his wide knowledge of men and affairs in his county. It, therefore, falls CHAMPAIGN COUNTY, OHIO - 397 to the lot of the historian to present to the future generations of Champaign county an estimate of the man whose name will be associated throughout all the coming years with this history. It should be said at the .outset that all of the manuscript of the history has been carefully gone over by Judge Middleton, and the only part of the history with which he is not familiar is this sketch of himself. This appreciation of the man is meant to be as fair and accurate an estimate as can be drawn, and no attempt will be made to indulge in a surplusage of adjectives. He would be the last man on earth to seek to draw from others a kindly word for himself. When he dies people will say kindly things about him; the local papers will eulogize him ; the members of the bar will pass resolutions setting forth his long and honorable career on the bench and praising his efforts along all lines to make himself a useful citizen to the people whom he so long served. Why can not some of these. things be said while he is still living? Why save all the flowers for a man until he is gone forever? Does it not seem a bit sad, when such a man dies, and so much is said of him that is good, that he could not have heard some 0f these things while he was still alive? Hence this effort to present to the people of Champaign county a word concerning the career of Judge Middleton. If an apology were needed for such an effort on the part of the writer, let it be said that he believes in letting people who are still living feel that they have won the good will of their fellow citizens—that flowers for the living are really appreciated. Future generations of the county will wonder what sort of man Judge Middleton was and what he did that entitled him to an honored place in the annals of his county and state. Therefore, it becomes the duty of the chronicler to set forth briefly at this point certain genealogical facts concerning him. Evan Perry Middleton was born on a farm in Wayne township, Champaign county, Ohio, April 19, 1854. His parents were John and Mary (McCumber) Middleton, early residents 0f the county. The Middletons came to the county in the thirties and the many members of the family have faithfully borne their respective parts in the life of the community. John Middleton, the grandfather of Judge Middleton, and his wife, Elizabeth West, came to Champaign county about the year 1832. Both were born in Fairfax county, Virginia. When quite young they moved with their parents to Kentucky where they remained for several years, removing from there to Brown county, Ohio, near Georgetown about the year 1810. John Middleton served as a soldier in the War of 1812. When he located 398 - CHAMPAIGN COUNTY, OHIO. in Champaign county in 1832, he purchased of James Abernathy one hundred and eighty-six acres of land in Huffman's Survey, No; 6238, Wayne township, about two and a half miles southeast of Cable, and continued to make this his place of residence until his death on August 12, 1873; He was past ninety-five years of age at the time of his death; His wife, Elizabeth, survived him until the following 13th day of December at which time she passed away at the age of ninety-three years; They were the parents of six sons and five daughters and had passed their seventy-second wedding anniversary before the death of either. Their sons were William, James, Thomas, John, Edward and George; their daughters were Lettuce, Eleanor, Susan, Sarah and Elizabeth, all of whom with one exception, lived to maturity and old age. One of these sons, John, Jr., was the father of Judge Evan P. Middleton. He devoted all his life to farming, but always found time to take a part in the affairs of his community. For several years he served as justice of the peace of Wayne township; The boyhood days of Judge Middleton were exactly the same as those of millions of other American boys who were brought up on a farm in that generation; All the boyish pleasures, all the trials of those youthful days were his. He planted corn in his bare feet ; he hoed and plowed it; he helped harvest it. He worked through the summer on his father's farm and attended the country school of his neighborhood during the winter months. Thus he grew from youth to manhood; That Judge Middleton must have profited by his early meager educational opportunities is shown by the fact that when only sixteen years of age he was teaching in the rural schools of his home township; But teaching was only a means to an end. He had other aspirations and he taught only to provide the means for and the opportunity of acquiring a better education with a view to the study of the law. In all he taught eight years, during which time, under such private instructors as he was able to secure, he pursued a course of study which included the higher branches of mathematics, the Latin classics, history and English literature. Had he chosen to follow the teaching profession there is no doubt he would have risen to the top, just as he has in the legal profession. While still a mere youth, however, he determined to make law his life work and the school room was but the stepping stone to the profession in which he was to engage later in life. During the leisure periods of the last three years he spent in the school room he read law under Gen. John H. Young, He and his brother, Arthur N. Middleton, studied law together and both were admitted to the practice by the supreme CHAMPAIGN COUNTY, OHIO - 399 court of Ohio on October 2, 1878. In the spring of 1879 he and his brother opened a law office in Urbana, under the firm name of Middleton & Middleton, a partnership which continued until the death of Arthur N. Middleton on December 23, 1889. The first few years of Judge Middleton's practice were fraught with the same discouragements which fall to the lot of all young lawyers. There were cases won and cases lost; but through it all he kept studying and perfecting himself in the profession to which he has devoted his life; Whether he ever had visions that one day he might attain to the highest honor that may be conferred on a member of the legal profession—a position on the bench—the writer does not attempt to state, but undoubtedly the young lawyer hoped some day to rise to such a position. After four years of faithful attention to his profession, he made the race for prosecuting attorney of his county and his election to this office in the fall of 1882, he then being twenty-eight years of age, is ample evidence that the people of the county had confidence in his ability to perform its duties. His re-election to the same office three years later testifies to his efficient administration of the duties of the office during his first term; He served in this capacity from January 1, 1883, to January 1, 1889, two terms, a period of six years. Then followed a decade during which he gave all of his time to his rapidly growing law practice. Each succeeding year brought him new clients and his careful and skillful handling of their cases gradually added to his prestige as a lawyer; Always a student, he never relaxed in his efforts to gain a deeper insight into the underlying principles of his profession; For this reason he eventually became identified with the most important cases coming before the courts, not only in his home county, but in many other parts of the state; In other words, he was coming to the place where he was becoming recognized as one of the leaders in his profession. Few lawyers attain the topmost rounds of their calling without going through years of slow growth ; the law is a peculiar mistress—she must he assiduously courted if one is to be favored of her. In 1898, at the end of the first term of Capt. A. Lybrand as representative of the eighth congressional district, Judge Middleton was induced to become a candidate in opposition to Captain Lybrand's re-election, and in the selection of delegates to the nominating convention succeeded in electing a solid delegation from Champaign and Hardin counties and the majority of the delegates from Logan county—these being three of the six counties then comprising the district. The fact, however, that Captain