700 - CHAMPAIGN COUNTY, OHIO. SIXTY-SIXTH REGIMENT (THREE YEARS). The Sixty-sixth regiment was organized at Camp McArthur, Urbana, in the fall of 1861, and was encamped on the old fair grounds at the south edge of town from October, 1861, until it left on January 17, 1862, to join the Union army in West Virginia. The nucleus for the regiment was made up of volunteers who had enlisted for the three months service in the spring of 1861, most of them in the Second Ohio. The first notice in the commissioners' records of the presence of the Sixty-sixth Regiment in the county is found under date of October 7, 1861, on which day a special session of the commissioners met to consider the equipment of the regiment and on the same date appropriated five hundred dollars for a building on, the fair ground, the location of Camp McArthur, with the understanding that the County Agricultural Society was to appropriate a similar amount. It should be stated that Camp McArthur was not on the site of the present fair ground, but occupied the twenty-two acre tract of the old fair ground. This tract is just at the southern edge of the present corporation limits of Urbana on the west side of South Main street, and is a triangular strip of twenty-two acres now owned by A. F. Vance, Jr. It was bought by the Agricultural Society in 1858 and sold in 1889 to Mr. Vance. The buildings, which were erected on the old fair ground for the use of the soldiers in 1861 and the succeeding years of the war, were erected jointly by the county and the Agricultural Society. There was never more than one regiment camped at a time at Camp McArthur during the Civil War ; only two regiments were organized here—the Sixty-sixth and the One Hundred and Thirty-fourth. Numerous records are found in the commissioners' journal during the Civil War of appropriations for support of soldiers and their families. On October 23, 1861, a minute was entered to the effect that "$35.00 be appropriated to fit up quarters for soldiers as they are going into camp"; on December 3, an additional twenty-eight dollars and fifty cents was appropriaated for fitting up quarters at Camp McArthur. SUMMARY OF SERVICE. It is interesting to know that the day the regimental band was mustered in, October 23, 1861, was the very day on which the county military committee appeared in session with the county commissioners and asked CHAMPAIGN COUNTY, OHIO - 701 for money to use in hiring buggies to drive over the county and stir up enthusiasm. Unfortunately, there were no daily papers in those days, and there is no way of telling how many men enlisted day by day, but before the end of 1861 the regiment was practically full. It remained at camp drilling until January 17, 1862, when it was ordered to the front. The Sixty-sixth Regiment began its mustering-in on October 4, and by December 26, all of the eleven companies, A to K, inclusive, were mustered in. It would take a volume to follow the gallant Sixty-sixth from the date on which. the first recruit was enrolled until the organization was finally mustered out of the service on July 15, 1865. They saw service along the Atlantic seaboard from Gettysburg, Pennsylvania, to Atlanta, Georgia, and participated in more than a dozen of the important battles and sieges of the war. Arranged chronologically the following battles and sieges indicate in a measure the service of the Sixty-sixth Regiment : Port Republic, Virginia, June 9, 1862 ; Cedar Mountain, Virginia, August 9, 1862 ; Antietam, Maryland, September 17, 1862 ; Dumfries, Virginia, December 27, 1862 ; Chancellorsville, Virginia, May 1-4, 1863 ; Gettysburg, Pennsylvania, July 1-3, 1863; Ringgold, Georgia, (Taylor's Ridge), November 27, 1863 ; Resaca, Georgia, May 13-16, 1864; Dallas, Georgia, May 25-June 4, 1864; Kenesaw Mountain, Georgia, June 9-30, .1864 ; Pine Mountain, Georgia, June 14, 1864; Pine Knob, Georgia, June 19, 1864; Chattahoochee River, Georgia, July 6-10, 1864; Peach Tree* Creek, Georgia, July 20, 1864 ; Siege of Atlanta, July 28-September 2, 1864; Siege of Savannah, Georgia, September 10-21, 1864. PATRIOTIC SOLDIERS REENLIST. The Sixty-sixth Regiment, which contained more men from the county than any other regiment was mustered out in the spring of 1864, but a large number of the soldiers immediately re-enlisted in other regiments. The record of re-enlistments is taken from the county commissioners' journal. On April 15, 1864, the following members of the Sixty-sixth Regiment were reported as having re-enlisted in the regiment and placed to the credit of Urbana township : William Daley, Byron Blake, George W.. Poling, William Zonera, Mathew Wilson, James C. Bowe, Stephen 'Brush, Edward Camp, Albert Cleveland, Charles Faulkner, John Gurnea, Jacob Houtz, Benjamin C. Hunt, Abraham Kelch, Jacob Lappin, William Mahan, John R. Clayton, John Nickles, John H. Diltz, John F. Morgan, Henry Fraley, John R. Orang, George B. Light, Thomas Thompson, William McClellan, 702 - CHAMPAIGN COUNTY, OHIO. Madison Bryan, Isaac Chidister, Jacob Clapsaddle, James F. Bane, Peter Morris, Patrick Marks, William Murray, James M. Mitchell, John S. Mitchell, Asa B. Newcomb, John Powell, Silas C. Shoafstall, George R. Ward, W. W. Cranston, William A. Brand, Aaron B. Riker, George Elbin, Patrick Ryan, Simon Ryan, Frank Baldwin, Harrison Mayse, Isaac H. Dolson, William Emerick, James L. King, David McCully, Jacob Mayse, James W. Morgan, Ernest Nagle, E. B. Seamon, James W. Smith, William Thompson, Joseph Wren, James W. Burns, Joseph. Diltz, Jacob Snyder and Thomas Fennacy (from the Sixty-first Regiment). Adams township on the same date reported three re-enlistments in the Sixty-sixth Regiment : Lewis Everett, Benjamin Galster and Jesse Haulterman. Concord township reported four re-enlistments : Joseph Powell, Mathew Parlette, T. H. Gibbs and Henry C. Oewns. Harrison township reported only one, Andrew J. Pitts. Mad River reported six : John L. Davis, John Shaffer, John Swartz, Elijah Weaver, Noah Minnich and Mason R. Tally. Rush township reported six : William Apple, John Hollingsworth, Ora Fairchild, Jesse Good, Charles L. Jackson, and James McIlroy. Union township reported three : William Boswell, Sylvester H. Rock and Joseph E. Locke. Goshen township reported seventeen : John C. Middleton, Jesse Williams, Adam Haines, Peter Mitchell, Thomas Sewall, James P. Conn, Daniel D. Davidson, Samuel Croxton, William W. McCorkle, Daniel N. Hendrix, William Baker, William Craig, Richard M. Hall, William Frankeberger, Milton Hutchinson, George Middle and Patrick Nanan. Wayne township reported eleven : George Campbell, Martin V. B. Kerns, Jonah Marks, James Mattox, John Overfield, Daniel Poling, Robert Simpson, Orville Stokes, S. R. Smith, Isaac Robinson and Milton McWilliams. Salem township furnished fourteen : Peter Baker, Joshua Erwin, Bernard Herrigan, John E. Murphy, Michael Malone, George Travis, R. P. Wilkins, Charles Weaver, Howard Landis, Israel Dier, Lee Deuel, John Taylor, Peter Cox and William N. Johnson. This gives a total of one hundred and twenty-two members of various companies of the old Sixty-sixth who re-enlisted and were credited to their respective townships. In addition there are a few shown as being credited to other regiments and credited to their respective townships. Alvin Smith was credited to Rush township according to a certificate filed with the auditor on July 8, 1864; John Henninger was credited to the same township on September 1, 1864, his certificate showing that he had re-enlisted in the CHAMPAIGN COUNTY, OHIO - 703 Fifty-fourth. On May 19, 1864, Charles D. Brusman was credited to Urbana township. On the same date Harrison Tuber and John B. Shoafstall were credited to Urbana. On June I, 1864, Nathaniel Darrow, of the Tenth Battery, re-enlisted and was credited to Urbana township. On the same date Thomas Watts, of the Fourth Regiment was credited to Urbana. A complete summary of the enlistments of the Sixty-sixth Regiment is contained in the "Roster of Ohio Soldiers in the War of the Rebellion," vol. v, pp. 517-561, inclusive. It is not possible to separate the Champaign county volunteers from those who enlisted from the adjoining counties. Six companies were raised practically entirely within the county—A, B, C, D, G and H, while I, J and K also had volunteers from this county. Delaware county furnished practically all the recruits for two companies and Union and Logan furnished one each. William A. Brand compiled a list of those killed and wounded from Champaign county and his summary for the Sixty-sixth Regiment shows that 52 were killed on the battlefield, 25 died from wounds, 9 died in Confederate prisons, and 78 died from disease during the war; total loss for the regiment, 164. The records of W. A. Brand Post, Grand Army of the Republic, of Urbana, shows the following members of the Sixty-sixth Regiment still living (June I, 1917) who are members of the post : Andrew Craig, Company I; B. F. Ganson, Company B ; S. H. Hedges, Company A; E. J. Hanna, Company G; John E. Murphey, Company D ; John Powell, Company B; W. W. Wilson, Company G; J. J. Wooley, Company A. Several members of the company, not members of the post are still living, among them being Lewellyn Niles, Thomas Thompson and William Thompson. RETURN OF THE REGIMENT. The Citizen and Gazette in its issue of July 27, 1865, tells of the return of the Sixty-sixth Regiment from the front. The editor in commenting upon the record made by the regiment is inclined to be somewhat extravagant in his statements, but it is interesting to note what he has to say. "Of 1,800 men who left January 18, 1862, but. 363 return. The total number killed and wounded is about 600." The article goes on to give the, succeeding generals under whom the regiment fought-Shields, Pope, Banks and Sherman. The regiment was through Virginia, Maryland and up to Gettysburg, Pennsylvania. Later the regiment went to New York City and was there during the draft riots of 1863 and from thence was taken to Chattanooga, where they fought at the battle of Lookout Mountain. Soon 704 - CHAMPAIGN COUNTY, OHIO. after the fighting in eastern Tennessee the regiment re-enlisted as veterans and became the first regiment of Ohio troops who were veteranized, and the second in the whole army. They were with Sherman from February, 1864, until the close of the war, being a part of the Twentieth Army Corps. From Savannah they were with Sherman through Charleston and were present when Johnson surrendered to Sherman at Raleigh, North Carolina. They then marched by Richmond to Washington. The officers of. the regiment when it was mustered out were as follows : Colonel, John T. Mitchell; lieutenant-colonel, Samuel H. Hedges ; major, Charles E. Butts ; surgeon, Jesse W. Brock; assistant surgeon, B. F. Ludman captains, James P. Conn, W. W. Cranston, W. W. Jackson, John H. Diltz, Harry Fraley, John R. Clayton, Charles W. Guy, Robert Simpson, F. F. Gauson and Ridgley P. Wilkins; first lieutenants, Joseph H. Chase, Frank Baldwin, James A. McLain, Silas C. Shofstall, James H. Corbin, Samuel Croxton, Daniel Davidson, James M. Mitchell, Calvin Gibson and Elijah E. Weaver; second lieutenants, John L. Davis, Ora Fairchild, William McCorkle, F. M. Williams, Thomas Thompson, Sylvester Rock, Orville Stokes, Jacob Houtz, Jacob Olwine and Daniel Griffin. REGIMENTAL BAND OF SIXTY-SIXTH REGIMENT. The Sixty-sixth Regiment, as has been stated, was composed largely of Champaign county volunteers, .and was particularly proud of its band. This band was composed of Urbana boys who had been playing together for some time before they were mustered into the service. Of the seventeen members who composed the band there is only one living in Urbana todayBurdette Shyrigh. William W. Vance, then twenty-five years of age, was the leader. The band was mustered in on October 23, 1861, for three years, but a general order of the war department mustered out the entire band on July 5, 1862. A number had been discharged before that date and one, William W. Simpson, had died at Martinsburg, Virginia, March 16, 1862. Those discharged before July 5, 1862, were Joseph Chamberlin (April 20, 1862) and Joseph C. Vance (April 25, 1862), both being mustered out by order of the war department. One member, John M. Hemphill, was discharged at Washington, D. C., July 14, 1862. The complete list of members, with their ages at the time of enlistment, follows : William W. Vance, leader, 25; David S. Abbott, 41; David Burnham, 27; Joseph Chamberlin, 27; John L. Clark, 25 ; Mathew A. Hemphill, 35; John M. Hemphill, 15; Nicholas P. CHAMPAIGN COUNTY, OHIO - 705 Hewitt, 28; William W. Hughes, 22; John B. Johnston, 24; John H. Morton, 35; William B. Shyrigh, 23 ; Burdette Shyrigh, 21; William W. Simpson, 35; Philip A. Smith, 23 ; Christian Stout, 19; Joseph C. Vance, 23. EIGHTY-SIXTH REGIMENT (THREE-MONTHS SERVICE.) The Eighty-sixth Regiment (three-months service) was mustered into the service on June i0, 1862, at Camp Chase. It was mustered out on September 25, 1862, by reason of the expiration of its term of enlistment. The regiment saw no service in the field. David W. Todd was regimental quartermaster of the regiment, and Robert W. McFarland was captain of Company A. Judge Todd was mustered in on June 2, 1862, as second lieutenant of Company B and was promoted to first lieutenant and regimental quartermaster on June 17. The late George Eichelberger, a prominent lawyer of Urbana for many years, was a member of Company C, enlisting on May 27; 1862, at the age of nineteen. Company H contained more Champaign county men than any company of the Eighty-sixth. William Mayse was captain; Frank Chance, first lieutenant; and John M. Russell, later secretary of the State of Ohio, was first sergeant. Among the privates of this company were Frank. Ambrose, Robert W. McFarland, John Taylor, John Ambrose, John W. Clark, John Fenton, Daniel W. Happersett, Joseph M. Hunter, John M. Hatfield, B. L. Organ, D. W. Rawlings, Felix L. Rock and John D. Russell. Of this number D. W. Happersett is still living and is now a resident of Urbana. EIGHTY-SIXTH REGIMENT (SIX-MONTHS SERVICE.) The Eighty-sixth Regiment, organized at Camp Cleveland, Ohio, July 14, 1863, for the six-months service, was mustered out on February 10, 1864, upon the expiration of its term of service. Robert W. McFarland, of Champaign county was lieutenant colonel of this regiment. Champaign county had a few volunteers in Company I, among them being James T. Woodward, the present inspector o.f weights and measures for Champaign county. There were five other volunteers in Company I, from this county, four from Wayne township and one from Goshen. The four from Wayne township, all living in the vicinity of Cable, were Thomas W. Organ, John M. Hatfield, Edward M. Thompson and John M. Larue. Sidney B. Taylor lived in Mechanicsburg. Hatfield is now living in Rush township near Wood- (45) 706 - CHAMPAIGN COUNTY, OHIO. stock ; Thompson is living in Wayne township; Taylor is residing in California ; Organ is in California and Larue is deceased. A graphic account of the service of the Eighty-sixth Regiment is set forth on the following pages taken from the diary kept by James T. Woodward, a member of Company I of that regiment, during his service : DIARY OF JAMES T. WOODWARD. (Company I, Eighty-sixth Regiment.) There were a few soldiers during the Civil War who kept diaries while at the front, and among this number was James T. Woodward, now county inspector of weights and measures of Champaign county. Mr. Woodward was first a member of Company I, Eighty-sixth Regiment, enlisting on July 4, 1863, and being mustered out on February J0, 1864. He re-enlisted in 1864 as a member of Company E, One Hundred and Thirty-fourth Regiment, and served from May 6, 1864, to August 31, 1864, as sergeant of his company. The diary of Mr: Woodward follows his day-by-day experiences with the Eighty-sixth Regiment from July 14, 1863, to February 15, 1864, the day he arrived home. It sets forth in a remarkable way the actual experiences of the soldiers during the war and should be of interest to the present generation, especially in view of the great World War in which our country, is now engaged. Mr. Woodward says in his diary that he was out two hundred and twenty-five days and .that he was paid ninety-four dollars and sixty-five cents by the government for his services for that length of time—about forty-one cents a day. But let him tell his own story. It follows : Saturday, July 4—Went to a Fourth of July celebration today in a grove owned by Peter Colwell, in Goshen township, three miles north from Mechanicsburg (now owned by Mr. Bullard). The meeting was addressed by Grant Shaffer of the 47th 0. V: I. I enlisted in the army and was to go with Thomas W. Organ, E. M. Thompson and John M. Hatfield, all of the vicinity of Cable, Ohio. Had expected to go to Urbana this evening but did not get arrangements completed and could not get away. Sunday, July 5—Stayed at home last night. Went up to Uncle John Harlan's this morning in company with Mela Marshall. Went to church services at the picnic grounds. Returned home for the night. Monday, July 6—I left home this morning to go to Columbus, but did not go farther than Cable. As Tommy Organ was to go with us next day, we waited for him. I returned home for the night and John G. Ganson gave me his rubber blanket. Tuesday, July 7—I slept on the porch last night thinking to accustom myself to the out-door life as much as possible. I started for headquarters again this morning. Zylpha and Mela took me to Cable. Then we took the cars for Columbus at nine o'clock. We remained in Columbus until 3:45 p. m. when we took the cars for Cleveland. Wednesday, July 8—Reached Cleveland last night after ten o'clock. Stayed in hotel until morning when we took stroll about the city and the wharfs. Lake Erie came in CHAMPAIGN COUNTY, OHIO - 707 view which is the largest body of water I had ever seen. We took up the line of march for Camp Cleveland about two o'clock a. m: We were assigned to Captain Lysle's company and barrack No. 27. Thursday, July 9—I realized the life of a soldier somewhat today ; got along fine. 1 like the rations, although they are a little scarce account of bad management. Friday, July 10—I was detailed this afternoon to assist in digging. a ditch for a privy. Took my pick and reported at the guard. house at one o'clock. Worked until five when we were marched to river and had a good swim. Saturday, July 11—John Harfield and Edward Thompson were detailed for guard duty this morning. After I had eaten my breakfast, I relieved John Hatfield until he could go and get his breakfast. Looking for Tommy Organ in tonight with a number of recruits. I think George Woodward will be with them. Sunday, July 12—Organ came in last night but did not bring any recruits with him. I was disappointed. Some of our acquaintances were not with him. Preaching services at three o'clock and. again at six-thirty. Have not been feeling well for few days; have used Dr. Havens remedies he gave me when leaving home and find them quite beneficial. Monday, July 13—Considerable excitement today in camp about the consolidation of the companies. Fifteen new recruits received today which will hold our company together. Tuesday, July 14—Making preparations today to draw our uniforms. We have marching orders to move to Camp Chase near Columbus, and we have not received our guns, uniforms nor anything else excepting what we brought with. us. All things in a muss and confusion everywhere. I was mustered into the United States military service today for six months unless sooner discharged. Wednesday, July 16—Worked all night except about two hours of sleep. We drew our uniforms, guns, ammunition and all the equipments of a. soldier ready for war, excepting our haversacks, an important portion of the equipment. Left Camp Cleveland about six o'clock this morning, and marched into Cleveland and took the cars for Columbus at six p. m. I ate neither breakfast nor dinner and got no supper. . I have been sick but am some better. Thursday, July 16—Drew our tents today and pitched them in company formation in Camp Lemert,—so called in honor of our Colonel, I presume. This is the first time the ground was ever used for a camp. There is great confusion in camp because of loss of guns and everything loose enough to get stolen. Yesterday was first day I have missed reading a chapter in the Testament since leaving home ; it was a pretty strenuous day. Friday, July 17—Promised a pass today to go into the city, but was not granted as Governor Todd was expected to visit our camp at three o'clock, which he did, and we were shown off at a battalion drill. After this we were lined up and the Governor inspected our appearance at close range by walking in front and in rear of the lines, after which he made a few complimentary remarks to the boys and consequently, I presume, the name of the bivouac was changed to Camp Todd, instead of Camp Lemert. Saturday, July 18—Got a pass this morning and went into the city, Columbus. Got my dinner at my cousin, Allen Woodward's. They gave me some pie and cake to take to camp, not the best things for a soldier, I presume, but he will take them when kindly offered' and otherwise at times. Have orders to be ready to move in the morning at seven-thirty. No idea of our destination ; that, however, is not for the private soldier to know—he is only to know where he has been. Sunday, July 19—Moved to a better location for a camp this morning, some two and one-half miles west of Columbus in a beautiful grove, on the south side. of the Scioto river. Some of the boys are in it at all hours through the day even before breakfast. Allen Woodward and Joseph Doak came out to see me today and brought out some extra 708 - CHAMPAIGN COUNTY, OHIO. rations, that a soldier does not get in camp. Attended church services this evening—good sermon. Monday, July 20—Ordered to clean up our camp this morning, cut the weeds and burn leaves and brush. Had a number of visitors to the camp today. Many ladies among them. Captain Lynch and several others went home today on furlough for a short time. Tuesday, July 21—Detailed for camp guard thts morning. Letter by mail this morning from home. First I have had since leaving.  Wednesday, July 22—About eight o'clock this morning we were ordered to be ready to move at a moment's notice. We were ready to march at ten-fifteen. We had three-quarters of an hour to get to Columbus on foot. We boarded cars for Zanesville and were detailed for picket duty. We were stationed on bill west of the bridge, when it was apprehended that the rebel John Morgan might approach on his raid through Ohio. The citizens fed us most royally while on this post. July 23—Two companies embarked in boat to go down river to prevent Morgan crossing at Eaglesport, but he had crossed' before we reached there, which was just in time to see his rear guard going over the hills to the east. Returned to Zanesville, reaching there about 5 o'clock p. m. July 24—Took train for Cambridge; remained on cars all night. Morgan having burned bridges, preventing our going further by train. Orders to secure horses and follow in pursuit, which many did. July 25--Were up and had our horses fed and on the move at daylight. Morgan burned two bridges last night, impeding our progress very much. Passed several places today where there had been skirmishing, as was evidenced by pools of blood in the road. July 26—Stayed all night in Richmond. The regiment moved in hot pursuit about midnight. At Hammondsville reported in close quarters with Morgan's men. At Salinvile we met about two hundred and fifty of his men, ragged, tired and hungry, not having had time to clean up, cook or eat for some days. Morgan surrendered this p. m. to nineteen of the Eighth Michigan Cavalry. July 27—Got a fine sight of Morgan and his staff last evening. Started on our return trip today for Camp Tod. Will stay at Little York tonight. July 28—Left Little York this morning at 7 a. m. The men were given permission to take their horses back to where they were gotten, or turn them over to detail to return them. The road is lined with citizens looking for their horses taken by the soldiers. Am going to stay in Moorefield tonight—it is quite a place. July 29—On our way again early this morning. We are very tired and want to get into camp when we can get some rest and some sleep. Arrived at our journey's end, Cambridge, on horseback about one o'clock. Took train for Columbus at nine o'clock this evening. July 30—Reached Columbus about midnight last night. It commenced raining just as we left the cars. Stayed in Columbus all night. LETTERS FROM HOME MAKE BOYS HAPPY. July 31—Received mail from home, and many of the boys are happy on account of the letters and papers found in camp awaiting their return. We got some daily papers this morning to learn more of the capture of Morgan, but did not. Aug. 1—Some of the boys got passes to go to Columbus today, but could not get through the bridge over the river. Aug. 2—This being Sunday, the Colonel requested the boys to retire to their tents CHAMPAIGN COUNTY, OHIO - 709 and write some letters, telling our friends we had had some personal experiences in the war. Aug. 3—Had battalion drill today, both in the forenoon and afternoon. The sun shone out so hot it nearly melted the boys in the ranks. Aug. 4.—Routine duties, but am not feeling well. Wednesday, August 5—Am feeling better this morning and able for duty. I went to the river to take a swim. While in the river one of the boys came to the bank and told me some of my friends were in camp and wanted to see me. I made quick work in getting back to camp. I found my mother, my brother Kemp, Harmon Harlan, and Pamela Marshall, afterwards my wife [now deceased], waiting for me. They brought a nice basket of rations for us. I was granted a pass to go out of camp and I was happy. Thursday, August 6—My company went into the city last night on account of the shower of rain, making it unpleasant in camp. They came- out this morning again, and stayed until about one o'clock. Then mother and Mila returned to city to take train for home. Aug. 7—The weather is very warm and many of the regiment are sick. Saturday, August 8-My brother Kemp and Harmon Harlan returned home today. Aug. 9—Received marching orders this noon to proceed to Cincinnati. Up before reveille; were expected to take train at nine a. m. but did not get off until one p. m. Arrived in Cincinnati about nine p. m. and spent the night in and about the station. Aug. 10—The bugle sounded at 7 o'clock this morning. Regiment formed in line and marched to the river, where we were hurried across the river into Kentucky, sixty-five miles from the Tennessee line, reaching destination about 11 p. m. in the rain and mud. Aug. 12—Moved about nine o'clock this morning for Camp Nelson, eight miles. Aug 13—Drew our dog tents today, each soldier getting a sheet; by splicing two together they are more comfortable than one is for each soldier. Aug. 14—Routine camp duty today at Camp Nelson today. Mail came in and the boys are all looking for letters. Aug. 15—Many of the boys are complaining in the camp. Aug. 16---This is the first Sunday for the regiment in Kentucky. The sun shone brightly early, but it was soon curtained behind dark clouds, and the rain poured down in torrents. Aug. 17—The boys of Mess No. 1 and 2 hired a cook for fifty cents per month from each one. We have to drill six hours a day, and the sun is so very hot. So much drilling does not do the boys any good. Aug. 18—The boys are living high on green corn. The sun is intensely hot and the flies are so thick where the cooking is. Mail came in today and some of the boys got copies of the Citizen, and Gazette. Aug. 19—Received marching orders today. All are glad we are to leave here. We likely will be glad to see Camp Nelson again before we get the chance. It is predicted by some we will go back to Cincinnati and go down the Ohio river. Aug. 20—Started about three o'clock this morning. Marched 21 miles and went into camp; never a. lot of men more tired than we. Aug. 21—Encamped last night near a small stream which affords us water to drink and cook. Aug. 22—Encamped near Crab Orchard last night. The heavy marching we have been doing and the drilling every idle hour has worn the boys well out. Aug. 23—We had to drill today in the hot sun, and it seems worse than marching. Preaching today by the Chaplain. 710 - CHAMPAIGN COUNTY, OHIO. ORDERS TO MARCH. Aug. 24—Expect marching orders every minute and have everything ready to move at any time. It looks very much like rain and did rain a nice shower about 4 o'clock. Marching orders came at 3 o'clock with orders to have 10 days rations in our haversacks. We are going to Cumberland Gap. It will be a hard march. Aug. 25—Received mail today, and nothing much more appreciated than mail from home. Started on our march this morning at 5 o'clock. Commenced raining about 6 o'clock and kept it up until 3 p. m., making it heavy marching. Encamped at Mt. Vernon for the night. Aug. 26—On the march by 5 o'clock this morning. The 86th was in front yesterday; the 129th, with whom we are brigaded, took the front today. Blackberries are plentiful on the old Kentucky hills. Kentucky beats eastern Ohio for hills. Aug. 27.—Encamped in a small valley between two mountain streams of water, flowing on eastern side, convenient for cooking and washing. Blackberries are abundant and help fill out our short rations. We took our shoes off and waded Green river yesterday that did not keep many of the boys dry, for some fell down in the river and others struck deep pools, taking them well up the body. We have lived and marched on one-fourth and one-half rations for two weeks, and the boys are hungry. Received mail this evening. Aug. 28—Remained in camp a while this morning, under orders to hold ourselves in readiness to move at any time. Colonel DeCoursey is acting Brigadier General. He is not held in very high esteem by his men, because of what seems to them unnecessary severity in discipline. As soon as the men halt for rest he puts them to drilling, and that is worse than marching. This camp is said to be 70 miles from Nicholasville. Aug. 29—Received mail this morning and copy of old Citizen, and Gazette, first one for some time, and it appears longer than it is, no doubt. Aug. 30—Our Major is said to be a Frenchman, and no favorite with his men. The General made us drill all day, Sunday as it is. Our mess got a one-half peck apples to stew today, as we were short on rations, a little coffee, hard tack and flitch, half ration of flour. Aug. 31—We would surely appreciate a good square meal at the table at home. Received orders to be ready to move in the morning at 5 o'clock, and have canteens filled with coffee. Sept. 1—Up and ready to march at 5 o'clock this morning. The regiment was divided into two battalions. The right wing formed the first battalion and the left wing the second. We marched leisurely until about noon when we went into camp for the night, having marched about 9 miles. The object of dividing the regiment was to deceive spies along the road if there should be any. Sept. 2—Encamped last evening at Hutton's Station. Had an excellent supper of green corn, stewed apples and hard crackers, which we got in the neighborhood. Drew full rations of hard tack and meat (flitch) this evening, for first time in 15 days. The country through which we marched today presented some beautiful scenery. It resembles somewhat our trip through eastern Ohio, when after General Morgan. Sept. 3—Marched 10 miles today to small village called Barboursville on the Cumberland river. The boys are becoming as tough as old soldiers, and stand marching as well as any of them. If it was not for our nigger cook I do not know what we would do, as we are short of rations, and he is a good forager. Sept. 4—Left Barboursville this morning about 8 o'clock. Companies I and D were CHAMPAIGN COUNTY, OHIO - 711 left behind to serve as rear guard of the brigade. We had to march at the rate of 30 miles to a dirty looking place called Flat Lake. Sept. 5—We expected to move forward yesterday evening when v we came here, but thank fortune we were allowed to remain here. Expected to move early this morning, but some one took pity on us and allowed us to rest, providing we kept ourselves in readiness to move at a moment's notice. The rebels are reported to be at the fording fifteen hundred strong, and will try and defend it. Sept. 6—Attended religious services today in the grove, which were God's first temples. Captain William F. Milliken preached a short sermon, but very good. Took as his text 26th verse of sixteenth chapter of St. Mathew. It is a false report about the rebels being at the Cumberland fording. There are none of them and have not been any lately in force. Expect to move in the morning. Sept. 7—We left Camp Flat lake about 7 o'clock this morning and marched about one mile and a half south of the fording, when we encamped for the night. SUFFERING THE PANGS OF HUNGER. Sept. 8—We left camp this morning about 6 o'clock for the Gap. Marched about 11 miles without being molested, when within about one mile of the Gap our cavalry began to fire on the rebel pickets and drove them in. As soon as we got within range of their guns, whiz, bump, came a couple of shells immediately over our heads. Only one bursting and no one hurt or badly scared. We have no rations except a little sugar and meat. The boys did not call the fat flitch we had meat, or flitch, either. Oh: what will we do here without something to eat. Sept. 9—Nothing to eat yet and expecting to go into battle every hour. Hungry dogs fight for something to eat. That will have to be our case. Formed in line about 10 o'clock and marched two miles north of the Gap and unslung knapsacks ready to make a charge on the enemy, when we were ordered to rest in our places. After a short time news came that the rebels had surrendered. The boys surely were glad. The regiment took knapsacks from the pile and formed in line to march into the Gap and take possession of the prisoners and property. It was about 5 o'clock p. m., sun shining brightly and the whole brigade were happy. The prisoners were formed along the road leading into the Gap from the north at open order, arms and colors grounded. Nearly three thousand prisoners standing empty handed at attention, while their captors marched between ranks with colors flying and the shimmering guns in the bright September sun made an inspiring picture. The prisoners were marched through the Gap to the flat on the Tennessee side and guards placed around them. Sept. 10—Yesterday as we marched into the Gap with the surrender of the rebels remind one of pictures seen in the History of the United States in the war with Mexico. Company I last evening was assigned to the fort on one of the peaks in the range, with two pieces of artillery in the fortification, from which the shots were fired at us day before yesterday. This morning when we awoke we found the sun shining brightly in our faces, but getting up we could see only the peaks of the mountain protruding above the low lying clouds, a sight new to so many of the boys. Sept. 11—Yesterday after we came into the Gap the rebels seemed pleased at our appearance. The manner in which many of their old guns were lying around led us to think them harmless. Moved down to the flat, when we were assigned to duty guarding the prisoners. They are a gay set of soldiers having any kind of uniform. Conversed quite freely of the war and thought they would gain the day yet. Sept. 12—Went on guard duty this morning at 6 o'clock and was not relieved until 712 - CHAMPAIGN COUNTY, OHIO. 11 o'clock without anything to eat ; around some prisoners, which was rather interesting guard duty. The prisoners were taken away after 11 o'clock for Camp Chase, Ohio, under a strong guard. Some of them were mad and others seemed pleased. An old. Colonel is swearing like a pirate at some of his Tennessee troops, and hopes to get rid of them soon. It was interesting to see old neighbors meeting for first time for many months who had been in the rebel army, recognizing acquaintances on both sides of - the dead line, recognizing each other, getting as close to line as allowed, sit down on the ground and talk for hours. "Hell, John, is that you; when did you hear from home; how are all the folks, and where is such and one? and thus the blue and the gray could be seen on each side of the line in rows around the inclosure. Sept. 13—This is Sunday in Cumberland Gap ; and if they are all like this I do not want to see many of them. We had a rain and wind storm last night, and it came near blowing us all away. Ordered to move up on the mountain and settle ourselves for a while. We moved about two miles north and went into camp. We have to go about one-half mile straight down, it seems, for water. Sept; 14—Another order this morning to move to a place more convenient to water. Strike tents and move back about one mile and encamp in place not very much more convenient to water. Our Orderly, Tommy Organ, left us this morning detailed to act as Sergeant Major of the regiment. John Hatfield went to the hospital leaving Ed. and I alone and with nothing to eat, only slap-jacks and griddle greasers. Sept. 15—Drew a box of hard tack today which looked a little like old time crackers, and a little beef is all we have today, and that only about one-fourth rations. We received mail today and are happy. Had a letter from brother with a five dollar bill in the letter. Letters are always welcome from home and more than doubly so when containing such enclosures. I am afraid I will have to begin on the five soon to get something to eat.. There are fine peaches brought into camp, but .do not taste good. Sept. 16—We seem to be doing better today. Drew something like one-half rations. Received the little hymn book today sent from home, a very nice one, but larger than need have been. Am not in a very good humor tonight about something occurring in camp today. A FORAGING EXPEDITION. Sept. 17—Fixed our tent up in style today. I am in a somewhat better humor today than I was yesterday. Dug the side of the mountain out to get a level place to pitch our tent. We then got a lot of pine boughs and put on floor, which makes the softest bed I have slept in since I left home. Ed. and I are detailed to go on foraging expedition, starting at 4:30 in the morning. Sept. 18—Up and off this morning at 4 :30. Took our day's cooked rations, our blankets, ready for some days' foraging. Marched about six miles and commenced foraging at a farm house whose owner is a Colonel in the rebel army, and has two sons and two slaves with him. We just took everything we could get our hands on almost, and then returned to camp nearly worn out, but we got some potatoes and peaches, and if any fowls or -pigs didn't go back with us it was not our fault, besides corn, hay and fodder for the animals. Sept. 19—Missed roll call last night, but was not punished by extra duty. Just laid down to get a good rest and sleep when it was Co. I fall in with gun and accouterments. The long roll was beat and a battle was expected. We marched nearly all night through wind, rain and mud. Went about ten miles by day light and had not heard of the enemy. Reported two of pickets killed. About nine o'clock we went to foraging and returned to camp about four p. m. CHAMPAIGN COUNTY, OHIO - 713 Sept. 20—Had the first frost' of the season last night. I was almost too tired to rest good. I could not get settled comfortably. When we returned to camp it was about as expected, things scattered everywhere and some missing entirely. There is not much stir in camp today ; the boys feel like resting quietly. I believe there was preaching services, but I did not attend. Sept. 21—The boys are grating corn and intend to make corn mush, corn cakes and corn bread. We have to do this or go hungry, as we are only getting about quarter rations. Suppose the thing is impossible, or they would certainly feed us more that they do. All our provisions have to come from Nicholasville, Kentucky, in baggage wagons, a distance of about one hundred and fifty miles over all kinds of roads, but good ones. There are large foraging trains sent out often, and the country has been searched by both the Union and rebal armies until forage has become scarce. Sept. 22—John Hatfield got his discharge from the hospital today and returned to camp, but he is not able to do camp duty yet. They are making preparations to furnish us with light bread now; and I hope they will succeed. They are winding a large bake oven down below the Gap for the purpose of baking the bread. There is considerable talk in camp now about when we will have our winter quarters. Sept. 23—There are a great many chestnuts around here, and they are beginning to get ripe. I had a good mess this evening. They are not ripe yet, but the boys are eating them, and I thought I might as well have some also. Deacon came up with his sutler supplies this morning ; crackers twenty-five cents. I did it to get my money changed more than for the paper and crackers. I am excused from duty today, with pain in stomach—green chestnuts probably. One of Company C died yesterday and was buried this morning. I was unable to attend the funeral. Sept. 25—Reported to the surgeon again this morning and was excused from duty. Mail came in today and I received a good letter, and it was gladly received. It is very cold here today upon this side of the mountain. Went out to gather some more, nuts this evening in company of Joseph Light, of Cable. Sept. 26—Am feeling much better this morning and able for duty I guess. There are about thirty of our Company I out on inspection and drilling, that being all that is able and present in camp, owing to filthy rations that we get. A member of Company F was buried this afternoon. It is getting quite cool here, and we are beginning to feel the need of heavier clothing and better quarters.. Mail came in tonight. Wonder who will be the lucky ones. EXPRESSES LONGING FOR HOME. Sept. 27—This is one of the loveliest mornings that ever smiled on nature's works, and everything here is severely natural. How much I would love to be at home this morning and go to church and Sunday school, where I have spent so many happy Sabbaths. Three thousand rebels reported to be coming in here, which creates quite a stir. Detailed this afternoon to move the corn up in the Gap out of the valley. Worked hard. Sept. 28—No rebels yet in sight, and I guess there are none near here. Detailed again this afternoon to attend a funeral with gun to fire a salute over the grave. He was a member of the forty-fifth Pennsylvania regiment. He was buried as a soldier is buried generally. Had no music and no one to read the funeral services. Fired through valley over the grave and returned to camp. Sept. 29—Missed roll call last night. I layed down in my tent to rest and fell sound asleep. John Hatfield did not waken me as I had expected him to. I felt badly 714 - CHAMPAIGN COUNTY, OHIO. enough this morning, partly on account of missing roll call last night, and to avoid extra duty I reported sick. Stuck out my tongue for the surgeon. Got some powders and was well enough by evening. Corporal Huff died this evening at the brigade hospital. Sept. 30—Attended funeral of Corporal Huff. Detailed to take my gun to fire a salute over his grave. The boys are dropping off one by one pretty fast. His comrades that came with him do not appear to mind it much. I think they could show a little more respect for the dead than they do. They were great friends in camp apparently, but he was forsaken by them. Oct. 1—Detailed to go to the hospital this morning to sew. Was down a short time last evening. I do not like the work; have to sew up old tents for bed ticking. It is too fine work for my fingers. Gave twenty cents for a goose this afternoon, and we had a good supper of soup, goose and gravy. It has been raining all afternoon, is very disagreeable outside. Oct. 2—It is delightful this morning after the rain yesterday. * * * Have just been detailed to guard about one hundred prisoners back to Camp Nelson. It was a little against the grain to go, but there was no way of getting out of it known to me. Oct. 3—We brought the prisoners outside of the picket lines last evening and encamped for the night. Started on the march this morning at 4 :30 o'clock. Marched within two miles of Barboursville and went into camp again. We got our baggage hauled in the train, which relieved the guards of their knapsacks and blankets, making the march much easier. The prisoners are complaining considerably about having no ration and marching so hard. Oct. 4—Broke camp about six o'clock this morning. Marched into Barboursville where he stopped and got our breakfast, which consisted of some warm bread, cup of coffee, corn bread, etc., which was good you had better think. We marched to Camp Pitman, a distance of some thirty-one miles, a pretty good day's march. There are two reliefs; one, in the forenoon and another in the afternoon. No attention paid to the fact that it is Sunday. Oct. 5—Left Camp Pitman about eight o'clock this morning and marched to 'about three miles of Mt. Vernon when we encamped about six-thirty this evening. Slept in an old house which had a good fireplace in it. We were very comfortable, as it is now getting cool here during the night time. It is not at all comfortable sleeping out in the frost. Oct. 6—After a good night's rest and sleep ; not much trouble to sleep when we have the chance. We are off again on the march. It is very comfortable on the march now, as it is cool enough not to sweat. Marched two miles, passed era)) Orchard and went into camp. As it was raining, we got wet while on guard duty and quite so, when we were relieved. Crab Orchard has improved greatly since we passed through here, August the twenty-second. It does not resemble the same place, having previously been in possession alternately of the rebel and union forces. Oct. 7—Rained all night almost, and it is very sloppy this morning. The wagon master promised us we might ride. We piled into the wagons and rode almost to Camp Nelson. We got out of the wagons and reported with the, prisoners to General Fry, taking them to the prison. While there a gun was accidentally discharged, wounding one of our boys in the shoulder. He made more noise about it than if he had been killed. I was standing just by his side. A PERIOD OF FULL RATIONS. Oct. 8—The soldier that was wounded last night was not seriously injured. We slept in the prison last night in comfortable quarters. Camp Nelsen does not appear CHAMPAIGN COUNTY, OHIO - 715 much like it did when we were here in August. There is lots of business' here, all relating to the army and supplies. We moved down to the Convalescent camp this afternoon and took up our quarters in some tents to await further orders, which I am in no hurry to receive unless they are to move North. Oct. 9—We are playing soldier now, as we might term it, from fact we have nothing to do but to go to our meals and eat, as they are already cooked. For breakfast we have coffee, meat and bread. For dinner we have beans, soup and bread. For supper, rice, coffee, molasses, bread, etc., which is the principal part of our rations. The boys are getting such clothing today as they may need on the way back. I drew a pair of shoes. (Here is the picture of a shoe.) Oct. 10—Had ambrotype taken today and sent it home to mother. I wonder if she will like to see it or not; think she certainly will. I wish she would send me hers, and the rest of the family with it. I am not feeling very well today; so drowsy and languid; have no appetite to eat here where there is plenty. Presume I have been eating too much for our work. Oct. 11—This is Sunday in Camp Nelson again. It has some little resemblance to the Sabbath in civil life. The work shops are all closed and everything seems to be taking a day of rest. Attended services at three o'clock p. m. in one of the new hospital buildings. The preacher was .a missionary from Cincinnati. His theme "The Soil is Rocky, Frozen and Unproductive." Monday, October 12 : Tomorrow is election day in Ohio. I fear there will be a disturbance on that occasion from appearances to us here in Kentucky. I hope it will pass off quietly, however. I think it would if many of the voters could see the effects of this war as we have seen it here. It is raining this afternoon, and is bidding fair for making a wet night. I suspect it will commence raining about the time we are to start on our return trip to the Gap. Tuesday, October 13: No prospect of leaving here in the morning and I hope we will not, as this is a very comfortable place at present, and especially so while it is pouring down rain and has been all day. Well, this is election day in Ohio. I wonder how it will terminate. Johnny Brough is the candidate for the soldiers, although there are a few followers of Vallandigham in this camp. Sorry I can not vote at this election. A lad little over 18 years of age is big enough to be shot at, but not old enough to vote for governor of his state. Wednesday, October 14: Three months ago today our regiment was mustered into the United States military service for a period of six months. One half of our term of enlistment has now expired and with the expiration of three months more I hope we will be on our road home to old Champaign where the effects of this war are not known. Captain Lysle and the brigade quartermaster came in this afternoon with a wagon train. They reported we would go back to the Gap in five or six days with the wagons. Thursday, October 5: I have an extremely heavy cold this morning and pretty generally under the weather. My head aches terribly. I received a letter this morning from Kemp (my brother two years younger than I). He said father had received his uniform. He would make a striking looking soldier here among the boys and in the Gap. (He was a member of the National Guards). Was glad to learn my mother was getting along nicely. Friday, October 16: I am not so well of my cold this morning, but am not going to the sick call for an excuse from duty, as no detail for special is in sight. I received a letter from Harmon Harlan, a copy of the Citizen, and Gazette and a Cincinnati Commercial from Eli Roumine, and they all did me much good. Am feeling better this evening. 716 - CHAMPAIGN COUNTY, OHIO. Saturday, October 17 : Feel considerably better this morning, but was troubled with a cough preventing me getting much sleep last night. No mail today. The announcement of George Woodwards marriage to Miss Gray surprised me very much ; may they live long and be happy is my wish. Reported we are to go back with teams of six mules each. All green to harness. We will have lively experience with them, no doubt. Sunday, October 18: Again to spend another Sunday in Camp Nelson, I suppose. It rained last night in torrents, wetting us through the Sibley tents, and I have been suffering with such a cold. I was afraid it might cause me to get worse again. Received marching orders to return to Cumberland Gap about four o'clock and to guard deserters enroute to Knoxville, Tennessee. It is strange we have to guard captured rebel prisoners here and then to guard deserters from the Union army back to their commands. Monday, October 19: Left Camp Nelson yesterday evening and marched to Camp Dick Robinson, .where we encamped for the night. The convalescents returning with us guarded the deserters at night and our forces throughout the day. We have plenty to eat here in camp. Went into camp this evening a short distance east of Crab Orchard, where we were encamped enroute to the Gap 224 August. Tuesday, October 20: Left camp this morning about half an hour after sunrise. At roll call, nine of the prisoners failed to answer "Here", having made their escape during the night. I do not care much if they all leave. The major in charge of the convalescents can not get them to take the night relief ; not having guns gives us the extra duty. Wednesday, October 21: Encamped last night nine miles west of Mt. Vernon, Ken_ tucky. It was cloudy and looked very much like rain all night. Started on the march this morning about daylight while it was raining about as hard as it could. We got completely soaked and as muddy as you could possibly imagine. We reached Mt. Vernon about 12 o'clock, when some of the boys got some whiskey and became so drunk they could not stand up. Thursday, October 22—The whiskey and these boys got into a fight last evening before we got into camp, but no one was seriously hurt. We left our camp, starting on the march again this morning, and it was raining about as hard as it could pour down. Marched about 13 miles and stopped in some houses and stables along the road side. We encamped last night at Camp Pitman; seems a regular camping ground for troops going either way. Our mules are about run down or we could march farther. Friday, October 23—Left camp this morning about 7:00, and I marched through mud and rain all day; went into camp this .evening tired and way worn. The prisoners have all escaped that wanted to, and we do not guard them now. They are anxious to rejoin their old regiments or commands, and endeavor to remove the stigma that may have been attached to them. Saturday, October 24—The boys, or the sergeants I .should say, sold rations that had accumulated on our trip in Mt. Vernon to the amount- of twenty-five dollars, to be distributed amongst the guards. My share of the twenty-five dollars is one dollar and sixty-five cents, which coming as it does is simply a find and looks big to us all. I do not think it was quite fair that we should get the benefit of the prisoners rations. The boys shot a pig today and we had it cooked for supper, and we surely ate it with relish. Fresh pork is not run across every day in the year in a field occupied alternately by the contending forces for years. Sunday, October 25--This is Sunday ; on the march again to the Gap. We wanted to get into camp this evening, but it was twenty-four miles and we could not make the trip. We marched to within 'about six miles of the Gap when we went into camp for the night. Most terribly tired and sore and worn out all over. No Sunday services on this trip. CHAMPAIGN COUNTY, OHIO - 717 IN WINTER QUARTERS. Monday, October 26—Left camp this morning early and marched at a pretty good rate until we got into camp at Cumberland Gap. When we were soon relieved and I started for my company quarters I found the company in good winter quarters on. the Jacksburg road leading south into Tennessee. They are all in good spirits and getting along splendidly. Oh, yes! I had a great handful of letters to read, which I did before I stopped. Tuesday, October 27—I found little sister Lydia's picture in one letter yesterday and two one dollar bills in another. They were all welcome, but many "times the two bills' would not buy the picture from me. I bought two bushels apples today for one dollar. Kept out what Ed. Thompson and John Hatfield and myself wanted to eat and sold the balance for money and traded for enough to make ours clear. Am in pretty good spirits today and bid fair to keep them. Glad to be back in camp where I will take my share of routine camp duties. Ed. Thompson, John Hatfield and Thomas Organ said they never thought I would be back with the regiment when I left the guards. Wednesday, October 28—Discouraging news today from the mails and wagon trains and Captain Lysle of Co. I. It is reported our mail was captured. We have not had any for several days. The telegraph wires are cut, the provision train and Captain Lysle also captured by a band of guerillas who are scouring the country west of the Gap. Bought a new comb today at the sutlers, and broke it before half an hour. Thursday, October 29—It is not true about Captain Lysle and his wagon train being captured, and the Mail taken by guerillas. As a precaution against a possible attack until the band had passed on, they were withheld for a few days to keep the train safely. Joy to all those who are in Cumberland Gap. We drew a ration of soft bread and with our fresh pork it certainly makes a savory dish, and we have plenty of it. I am feeling splendid today. Friday, October 30—It rained nearly all day today about as hard as it could pour. John Hatfield got a letter today from home bringing sad news to me; stating that my mother had another attack of erysipelas in her eyes and that they were so swollen she had not seen a ray of light for several days past. I hope she will soon recover her' sight and be able to go around again. Saturday, October 31—We were mustered this afternoon for our pay. There has been some talk of trying to organize a cavalry regiment here. It is thought there would be no trouble in raising the required number. Rations are getting a little low ; we have them issued to us again in the morning, and we will then have plenty for a time. Sunday, November 1—This is another Sunday in Cumberland Gap. I was detailed this morning for picket duty up on the mountain, the first time I have been on detailed duty since leaving Camp Nelson, Kentucky, the 18th of October. Such a time as I had to get to the picket post on the top of the mountain. No one can imagine, but those that have 'tried. The Cumberland river is reported 'so high that they could not cross at the fording with the mails. Wrote a letter to Harmon Harlan today. Monday, November 2—We have had no mail for several days. First the guerillas were raiding eastern Kentucky ; then the Cumberland river was so high they could not ford it. Returned to camp about ten o'clock this morning from picket duty. Found them about out of bread, but hope to draw some before long. There is a mill for grinding wheat and corn at the foot of this mountain. We call it the pinacle; it is 2,200 feet high and the face of it is almost straight up. It is from this mill we get flour and meal for the fresh bread when we can get the wheat and corn. The mill had been partly burned when the rebels left previously, but it has now been repaired, and power 718 - CHAMPAIGN COUNTY, OHIO. is derived from a large stream of water coming from the mountain side conveyed to the mill by a flume driving a twenty-five foot overshot wheel. The mail came in this evening. I was looking for a letter from home, as I was anxious to hear from mother, but none came. I received a letter from Aunt Eliza Woodward written the 31st of August. "PRETTY STRENUOUS SOLDIERING." Tuesday, November 3—Roused up last night about eleven o'clock. There was a detail of 18 men made for a scout. It took' all out of our bunk but three, and John Hatfield and myself were two of them. My having just come in from picket saved me I presume, but had I been needed to fill the detail th4 would have made no difference. The detailed ones had to get up, pack their traps and be ready to march at a moment's notice. Ate breakfast at midnight and lay down and slept until morning. The boys did not leave all day. I was detailed again this morning for picket on the mountain, which is what I call pretty strenuous soldiering. Going to the top of the pinacle, zigzaging backward and forward to make the ascent becomes irksome indeed. Wednesday, November 4—I returned to camp this morning and found the boys had been detailed to guard a wagon train to Knoxville. I found a letter also for me when I came in from picket duty up on the mountain. It did me more good than my dinner, you had better think. It is the first one I have had since mother was so afflicted with erysipelas. She is much better and I was very glad to know it. Thursday, November 5—This was a delightful morning, but it soon clouded over and commenced raining about 8 o'clock and continued all day, making it very disagreeable. Nothing new about our leaving here. The recruiting is not carried on as briskly as I thought it would be. Friday, November 6—The boys came in today that started out with the wagon train for Knoxville. They only went as far as Clinch river, a distance of about 25 miles, they said. Great excitement arose in camp this evening about one hour before sun down. Ordered to have everything ready to move in half an hour ; knapsacks packed, three days' rations and guns in good order. The enemy is approaching in large numbers. Saturday, November 7—Sometime after dark we were ordered to lie down on our arms and get what rest we could and await the bugle call and the long roll, when we were to fall in as rapidly as possible and march in front of the Major's headquarters. The bugle called and the long roll beat about midnight. We were all in another confusion in a short time. We marched to the Major's headquarters. Then we were taken up to the Gap, where we remained the balance of the night and nearly froze. By morning all things had resumed their normal condition, and about 10 o'clock we returned to our •uarters—a sleepless and bloodless battle. Sunday, November 8—Last evening when we went to bed we had orders to be up and ready to move at 5 o'clock in the morning. According to orders we were up and ready to move, and greatly to my surprise, we were to go foraging. Started out about 8 o'clock and went to Whites and loaded our wagons with corn; started back to camp 'about 4 o'clock. Came about two miles to Thomas's where we went into camp for the night. Went into Tennessee about thirteen miles. Monday, November 9—This is the first morning I have seen ice this fall. It froze the mud hard enough to bear a man up. It snowed last evening a little, and has been spitting snow all day. The rebels sent a flag of truce up to the Gap yesterday asking an exchange of prisoners. They had no papers or anything to indicate public business, and were sent out of camp. Possibly they learned all they were after. Tuesday, November 10—Good news. The boys think this morning the paymaster CHAMPAIGN COUNTY, OHIO - 719 came into camp and is going to pay the boys off tomorrow. They are all in fine spirits because of it. I do not care anything about being paid until, our time of enlistment has expired, as I have money and have had ever since I joined the army. There is no special need for money when your food and clothing are furnished, and no place but the sutlers to go to spend it. What to do with it when I draw my salary, I do not know, as the mails seem to be so uncertain. Wednesday, November 11—The captains of some of the companies made a mistake in making out their payrolls, and it has retarded the payment of the other companies until now. We are not likely to be paid tomorrow. We were called out last night with the beating of the longroll. Took possession of the rifle pit on the right side of the Tazwell road, remaining there for about one hour ; nearly froze, and then returned to barracks. A BRUSH WITH GUERRILLAS. Thursday, November 12—No pay today. They do not pay off over two companies in a day. Those who have drawn their pay are disposing of much of it pretty fast at the sutlers. Our wagon train was attacked today on the Virginia road. The train was attacked by a band of about sixty guerrillas, and I had a bad mixup for a short time. Col. Lemert's little black man died this evening after being run so hard—the only casualty reported. Friday, November 13—Received our pay today ; the boys are all in a good humor. Some of them are as drunk as they can get. I received fifty dollars and seventy cents for my four months' pay, or nearly four months. I sent forty dollars home with a receipt and am going to send ten dollars more in a letter and keep the seventy cents of my salary. That with what I had will see me well out of Cumberland Gap, I hope. Saturday, November 14—Today is the end of our four months, and the beginning of our last two. Such a crowd as there is about the bakery after the boys had received their pay. It seems like the states of Kentucky and Tennessee would not afford enough on the eating line. They can not bake half fast enough. Sunday, November 15—Ordered to clean up for general inspection to take place at nine o'clock this morning. It was then postponed until one o'clock p. m., then put off until ten o'clock tomorrow morning. I have not had a letter for more than a week, and why is more than I can tell. I am very anxious to hear from home, fearing mother is not so well. Monday, November 16—Weather is very wet, having rained every day for the past three or four days. Grand review today at ten o'clock. We had to wade in mud and water over shoe tops, and it made it very unpleasant and disagreeable. The boys bought three bushels of apples this morning at one dollar per bushel, and peddled them out at three for five cents. The apples here generally are fine quality and quite plentiful. Tuesday, November 17—Considerable excitement in the Gap today. Gen. Burnsides is said to have been driven back to Knoxville by an army of 65,000 rebels, and is retreating toward the Gap. We are' ordered to have five days' rations in our haver- sacks, and packed ready to move at a moment's notice. Might as well have ordered us to have ten days' rations in haversacks as five. We generally carried all we had. Reported that Gen. Burnsides has ordered us to Camp Nelson. Wednesday, November 18—Detailed yesterday to go on picket duty, relieving the 129th Regiment for general review. My position was on the Kentucky road. We had a good position. I acted as corporal of the guard. The guard is two hours on duty and four hours off, when he can lie down and get his rest and sleep. The corporal is not supposed to ever sleep. Excitement still prevails; nothing reliable can be learned. Left our winter quarters and moved up on the hillside. I expect we will almost freeze. Had a letter from John Marshall this morning. 720 - CHAMPAIGN COUNTY, OHIO. Thursday, November 19—Nothing reliable can be ascertained as to the forces and position of the enemy, and the privates as well as the many of the officers do not know. the position of our own forces. We are still on the mountain side in the rifle s. pits, where we will leave or where we will go further than that. We will go wherever we are told. All communication is cut off between the Gap and Knoxville. It is the private's duty to do whatever he is told by the officers and ask no questions, but our excited camp in the enemy's country is a wonderful field for surmisings. AGAIN SHORT ON RATIONS. Friday, November 20--Friday finds us still on the mountain side in the rifle pits with our pup tents for shelter. Looked very much like rain !this morning, but it cleared away about noon, but again clouded over and commenced raining in the afternoon and continued the remainder of the day. Our rations are again very short and we are hungry, but when it is not available, what can we do but go hungry? No mail from home yet. I wonder what they are all doing. Saturday, November 21—Rain, rain, rain. It is still pouring down rain this morning, and it rained all night with no appearance of quitting soon. Slept almost all night in a great puddle of water. Our blankets are soaked. One-half of each corn-pally was ordered back to the barracks, but I and Tommy Organ, the orderly Sergeant, had to stay on the mountain side. No reliable news of any kind of relief from our present position. Sunday, November 22—It is very pleasant this morning, but a little cool, which is to be expected this season of the year. Still on the mountain side. Detailed about ten o'clock to report at the bakery and help to build a new oven. The baker has to board us and he does it up in good style. We had mashed potatoes, rusks, butter, molasses, sugar, coffee, pie, etc., for dinner. No news and no mail today; becoming monotonous. Monday, November 23—We ran out of brick yesterday about 3 o'clock and had nothing to do for some time. The water is so high they can not ford the creek, it was said, but later the brick came in and we almost finished the oven. We had a splendid time on detail. The captain is a fine fellow. I think Gen. Wilcox's brigade is encamped near the Gap. No news and no mail today. Tuesday, November 24—Finished the oven eventually today. It rained almost all of the day. They will bake in the oven tonight and we will soon have soft bread issued to us in the camp. We have been having plenty to eat and that which is good. Fresh bread, rusks, cakes, coffee, sugar, molasses and fresh pork constituting our bill of fare while on this detail. Sorry it is so near completion. Wednesday, November 25—Handled a load of old rails this morning for the bakery. Just as I was passing camp with my load of rails the long roll was beat. I hardly knew what I should do, whether I should let the oxen and the rails go to grass or fall in with my company. It, however, was soon over with, and all quiet and serene. Went on to the bakery with the rails. The usual report. No mall for today. Thursday, November 26—Well, the mail came in this morning and many of the boys were disappointed, among them was myself. No news concerning the army around Knoxville. There are a great many troops around the Gap now. I think now would be a good time for us to get away from here while there are so many to take our place, but that may not have entered the minds of the leaders. Friday, November 27—Another mail again this morning which brought me in two letters and a pair of gloves. All better at home, which is good enough news for anybody. About three o'clock another mail came in and I got a letter from Sylpha. CHAMPAIGN COUNTY, OHIO - 721 Three letters and a pair of gloves in one day partly made up for my having done without for so long. Detailed for picket duty on the mountain again this evening. Saturday, November 28—On picket duty up here this morning again. It commenced raining last night and rained nearly all night and today. Got cold about sundown and continued to get colder and colder, and our wet blankets did not make a comfortable covering to sleep under and upon. We seemed to do both, however, and rise up and take our turn at relief. SLEEPING IN FROZEN BLANKETS. Sunday, November 29—Commenced snowing last night and we nearly froze ; blankets frozen stiff and wind blowing a gale; almost hard enough to blow one down the mountain side if you did not keep well above the blocks of rocks. No comfortable position about this job up here. No news of army maneuvers about Knoxville. I received two letters by the mail today. One from my brother Kemp and one from Harmon Harlan. Monday, November 30—Blankets frozen stiff and covered with snow does not make comfortable bedding this morning, and opening my eyes could see the daylight through the openings in about four inches of snow over the mountain through the hole caused by my breathing during the night. Throwing my blanket off, it retained the. form in which it had frozen during the night and fitting my" body and legs as completely as though it were sheet iron. Tomorrow is the end of our five-day period of picket duty on the mountain, but we will not likely be relieved until Wednesday morning. It is hard service in this kind of weather. We were not allowed any fire at night. Nothing to eat but a little fresh beef. I bought a few apples which is all I have to eat,. or any of the rest of the pickets. Five days' rations in a little dirty haversack is not very fat living. Tuesday, December 1—Slept quite comfortably to what I did the night previous. Gen. Foster is in the Gap today enroute to his command in the army of the Cumberland. They saluted him with 13 guns. We scarcely know what it meant on the picket post when we heard the cannonading. We thought the enemy for a time must be close, but we knew they did not pass our post between two thousand and three thousand feet high on the crest of the mountain. Wednesday, December 2: We were relieved last night about 10 o'clock by Company C. Got up this morning and packed our traps and started for camp. I was pretty nearly starved, or felt like it, I thought. I intended to get something to eat by buying it if I could not get it otherwise. I bought some bread and apples, some corn bread and some ginger cakes, and with that relieved the extreme hunger the boys are suffering. Thursday, December 3: Some more to eat in camp than on picket up in the mountain. I traded for a spur today, one that struck my fancy, but at present I have no use for it. If I ever get home, I think I will ride a horse occasionally again. Good news today from the army of the Cumberland. Gen. Burnsides reported to have driven the rebels back and captured many prisoners. Friday, December 4: This is a delightful morning, cool enough to be invigorating and comfortable. The weather here is milder than in Ohio usually at this season of the year. Have had but very little snow in the valley, but upon the mountain there has been much of machinery and it is said "There is a screw loose," at times, some place. We do not draw rations enough to sustain life in an active, healthy lad, is the opinion of this one. Saturday, December 5: It sprinkled rain this morning some little, but soon cleared (46) 722 - CHAMPAIGN COUNTY, OHIO. away and gave us a delightful day. The mail comes in tomorrow morning. Wonder who will be the lucky ones. There are times and occasions, however, when schedule time is interfered with by bushwhackers and guerrillas in this part of the country. I hope I may be one that will get a few lines from home. We have cheering news to the soldiers, excepting the reported escape of Gen. John Morgan from the Ohio Penitentiary. Singular, isn't it, that after we had tried so hard to capture him, dead or alive, that he should be permitted to scale the walls, pass the guards, or walk out of the open gate. Sunday, December 6: Sunday morning again in Cumberland Gap. It is a pleasant morning, indeed, so much in contrast with war paraphernalia all about us. There was preaching service at 2 o'clock this P. M. by the Chaplain of the regiment, a very good sermon. He took his text from the first chapter, twelfth verse of James: "Blessed is the man that endureth temptation." Monday, December 7: Our company had to go out on picket this morning. We —all of our bunk—went out on the Virginia road. Tom Laren, Ed Thompson, Tommy Organ and myself were on the outpost. Hucksters came in with apples, corn bread, dried peaches, butter, etc. Among the etc. was applejack and several things to sell, but they were not allowed to pass through the line, or beyond the outpost of the pickets. Applejack was a new one to me, but I soon learned many of the boys in camp made his acquaintance every opportunity. It was as had as the mountain dew. ANOTHER DEATH IN CAMP. Tuesday, December 8: Relieved this morning from picket duty by Company A. Started back to camp with about one-half bushel of dried peaches that Tommy Organ had bought. They got pretty heavy before I got to our barracks. John Huffman died this morning, and we buried him this afternoon. Roughly was he laid to rest in his long sleep on the mountain side in Tennessee. Wednesday, December 9: There is considerable excitement in camp from rumor that we are to be sent back to Camp Nelson. Any rumor taking northwards is not allowed to loose anything. There are 5,000 prisoners reported to be coming through the Gap from Knoxville and we are to guard them through from here to Camp Nelson. I hope it is true, but fear not. Anything that would take the boys from this garrison of short rations is grasped and turned every way, only to find that it is false. Bought a pair of boots today of J. T. Laren; gave him two dollars and eighty-seven cents for them, the regular retail price. Thursday, December 10: It is rumored this morning the regiment is to be recruited for a three-years cavalry regiment after we reach Ohio. The recruits are to be allowed a thirty-day furlough and then are to return for duty. Probably another trip to Cumberland Gap, and if so, I think he will be satisfied to stay at home. Rations short as ever and sometimes a little shorter, with no money at hand. Friday, December 11: The boys are in great glee today about going to Ohio. Recruiting papers are being made out and then the boys are to enlist as fast as they can, or will. I know one, however, that goes home before enrolling for a three-year period. Drew one loaf of bread today to the man, but I did not learn how long it was to last. Until we go home I reckon. Saturday, December 12: It is raining and very disagreeable this morning. Tomorrow Company e1 has to go on guard again and I will almost insure it rains from now until we get off. I think I will get a letter in the morning, as the mail came in tonight and I have had none for some time. I do not know why the mail is not CHAMPAIGN COUNTY, OHIO - 723 gotten out and distributed. I think the boys ,would all sleep better to . have their letters from home. The 11th Michigan Battery came into the Gap this evening and I understand are going to stay. A soldier's fortune in the field is not to stay long in one place. Sunday, December 13 : Sunday again in Cumberland Gap. Go on guard this morning. Picket the Tazwell road; still raining, as I prophesied, and pretty cold. The mail came to the company this morning, but I drew a blank. That does not prevent the pleasure there is in anticipating a letter strongly in the next mail. There was no preaching today owing to the unsettled condition of the weather. There were about eighty-five prisoners came in today—a pretty rough looking set of Johnnies. Monday, December 14: Well, it has been raining with an occasional fleck of snow flying in the air ever since we came. out on picket. We were relieved about nine o'clock this morning; came into camp and found John Hatfield quite sick and irrational in his head. Drew a little more bread than we did for a time. The government is baking it now. Tuesday, December 15: It is quite pleasant this morning having cleared away, but not entirely settled. Getting about three-fourth rations of bread now. It is more than we have drawn at one time for weeks. Company H has been committing some depredations out at Powells river and we have to relieve them in the morning. Wednesday, December 16: Reported to Col. McFarlan for guard duty at eight o'clock this morning. Received instructions, drew rations, and started for Powells river. Tennessee. We have to throw up fortifications and stand guard duty. It is a very pleasant place out here; the river is quite wide and a good current of water. We are guarding the bridge over the river here. No one seems to trouble the river. There is a good blockhouse on the western side of the river and in addition we have been throwing up breastworks in anticipation of an attack to burn the bridge by the rebels. Thursday, December 17: Commenced ,raining last evening early and continued almost all night, just pouring down at times, making a dreadful night on the picket post. Heard heavy cannonading all day today in the direction of Clinch river. What it all means we are unable to tell, without they are trying to kill one another. Gen. Longstreet is making an attempt to go up into Virginia by this means, we hear. Friday, December 18: Gen. Longstreet is reported to be entirely surrounded by our forces and it is thought he will not succeed in getting away, although he is making a dreadful attempt. to do so. Received some mail today : a letter from Aunt Eliza ; one from Cousin Anna ; one from Wilson, written the 26th of October ; another one from Mary McAdams, written November 9th. You can readily understand why we boys are always expecting Mail when it takes almost two months to reach us and we never know how much mail fails to reach its proper destination. AMIDST LOYAL TENNESSEEANS. Saturday, December 19: Cold as it can be almost this morning. Since we came out here, I have been the cook of the mess and I have trouble to keep warm by the cooking fire. We are trading our flour today for corn bread. We get one pint of corn meal baked for one pint of wheat flour. We are to go after the bread in the morning. Hucksters are coming into the picket post in numbers. These eastern Tennessee people are many of them loyal to the Union and they talk about the old Stars and Stripes in terms of sincere affection. There is no sham in very many of them and they give you lots of interesting information, regarding their experiences 724 - CHAMPAIGN COUNTY, OHIO. with both the rebels and Union forces, and while we were here our confidence has never been betrayed. Sunday, December 20 : Sunday on picket post on Powells river and it . is a delightful day, indeed. I have to go after the corn bread this morning, about one mile and a half up the valley. I scarcely know what to do or how to behave upon entering the houses. Some of them did not have the bread baked and I had to wait for it to be baked. Almost all of the citizens are baking pies today. Monday, December 2i: Another beautiful day here. Duty at the camp is very heavy and the colonel, upon a request, allowed us to remain another five days. We seem to get along better than the detail of Company H. They are building a large hospital in the Gap which makes extra duty other than the usual garrison duties. I received two letters from home yesterday ; all old ones that I get now. I made the acquaintance of Aunt Polly Messer yesterday while waiting for the corn bread to be baked. All the boys speak of her kindness to them and of her being such a staunch Union sympathizer. She is a remarkable old lady. Tuesday, December 22: Have to throw up additional breast works today for the protection of one section of the First Tennessee Battery. We get plenty to eat here by buying it. Others buy it rather. and I help to cook it. I went into the Gap this afternoon, returning this evening. There is considerable excitement there about re-enlisting in a cavalry regiment for a period of three years. Many of the boys think the next time they enlist, they will ride. Wednesday, December 23: I have no appetite any more. I am glad to not feel hungry. I got so much to eat I did not give the system time to assimilate the food. Must take a rest. We get buttermilk, sweet milk, butter, honey, corn meal, of which we make corn cakes, apples, five cents per dozen, small, but very good, ginger bread, etc. I always have to add the etc. to complete the list. This is a pleasant place and I would like to stay here until our term of enlistment is 'up. A few more days and we will see Christmas again. I wonder what they are doing at home ; I know they a re thinking of their boys in what is called the "sunny Southland." Thursday, December 24: Tomorrow is Christmas. How much I would like to be at home and. eat my Christmas dinner with the folks there. I know there will be a vacant chair. there this year. I will, however, content myself by eating my dinner at Powells river bridge, Tennessee. The weather is delightful here today. It really .reminds one of a pleasant day in midsummer in the North, yet probably not quite so warm. But the sun shining brightly, the trees with their overhanging branches on the bank of the placid waters of the river, makes a picture that will surely linger a long time in the memory of all the boys who are now here. CHRISTMAS DAY IN CAMP. Friday, December 25: Today. is Christmas and a very pleasant day it is. I enjoyed myself as best I. could under the circumstances. The boys were wrestling and singing war-time •songs. playing pranks on each other and eating our dinner and doing whatever came to our mind. I received a letter from my brother, Kemp. I- answered it and' wrote another to the -Union school. We all would have been pleased to have had dinner at our various homes, but we could not do so. Saturday, December 26: Sprinkling rain this morning. We received more rations from the Gap this morning, and we will remain here until tomorrow or next day. Mail came .out to our post. I received a good letter (and fact is, all the letters to soldiers are 'good) from cousin Rebecca Romm, and a Weekly Commercial, Cincinnati, from Eli and in the same mail a copy of the Citizen and Gazette, rather a large mail CHAMPAIGN COUNTY, OHIO - 725 for me and all welcome visitors. The newspapers are enjoyed by all our home boys. They keep us, in touch with matters of wider range than the personal letters r from our friends and relatives. Sunday, December 27 Raining again this morning, as it did almost all last night. E. M. Thompson, John Hatfield, Tommy Organ and myself were on guard at the bridge' last night. Or should have been,. probably, but after the boys had gone to sleep, we crawled into bed, also, and did not know anything until morning. Tommy Organ, who is orderly .sergeant for Company I, humors us boys whenever it is possible. He may have slept with only one eye shut. I went to Aunt Polly Messer's today and got a good dinner for a soldier. She is certainly a mother to the Union soldier boys. Monday, December 2:8: It is yet raining a. little at the bridge this morning, but not sufficient to keep the hucksters at home with their apples, pies, corn bread, etc. We are yet here at the bridge and we are not complaining.. It has been raining for a few days past and makes the roads so muddy that Lieut. Col. McFarland thought it better to stay here than to march back to the Gap through the rain and muddy roads. Tuesday, December 29: It is clear this morning and looks like it would be a pleasant day. Tommy Organ received a note this morning from Lieut. Col. McFarland saying he would relieve us tomorrow morning, as we were to be mustered for pay on the 31st of the month.. We would be required to be with the garrison in the Gap after being away so long. We have been here since the 16th of the month. New Year's day will soon be here. Wednesday, December 30: Relieved this morning by Company E and started for the Gap about noon, reaching there in the evening. While at the bridge we had no exciting rumors about returning to Ohio, but as soon as we came into camp, the first thing to learn was we are going- to Ohio within a Week. The Colonel said he was expecting marching orders every day. Here in camp now we have to eat hard tack and fat pork, which is not relished like soft bread, corn bread, etc. While at the post at the bridge we could often trade rations' issued by the commissary department for a variety of things brought to the port by hucksters, giving us a variety and a change that was always relished. Thursday, December 31: This is the last day of the year, eighteen hundred and sixty-three, and an unpleasant one it has been. It has rained and is very muddy. We were mustered again today for pay, but we do not expect to be paid until we get to Ohio. Tomorrow is New Year's day and tonight is New Year's eve. How much I would like to be at home tonight. and .eat breakfast with the home folks in the morning. I wonder what Kemp is doing this evening. COLD NEW YEAR'S DAY OE 1864. Friday,. January 1, 1864 : This is New Year's day; January 1st, 1864. How cold it is. I never saw it much colder. It snowed very little last night, but the most I have seen this winter; probably half an inch would cover it all. As my diary expired with the year, I will have to make the early months of 1863 answer the purpose, since I did not commence until July 4th. I can use this one by changing the day of the week one day later. This was an awfully cold day. I had to go up on the mountain side for, wood and I thought I would freeze. I wonder how it is in Ohio. Saturday, January 2: Detailed for picket duty this morning. During the month of December, Company I was on picket twenty-two days, and now detailed for picket duty the. second day of this month to start with. I wonder if we will be on guard all of this month. Yesterday and today, the oldest inhabitants of this counry say, were 726 - CHAMPAIGN COUNTY, OHIO. the coldest they ever SEW. It was surely cold enough. Many people in this country are not always prepared. for such extremely cold weather as this. Sunday, January 3: Came in off picket this morning; it is much more pleasant out on the picket post than in the winter barracks. Last evening was almost as cold as the night previous, but I slept as comfortable as though I had been in a feather bed. Monday, January 4: If we leave Cumberland Gap before our time of enlistment has expired we will have to start soon. I can not tell when we will leave, not soon, I think. I am now suffering with the yellow jaundice and feeling lazy and sore all over. I can not tell what I will do for bread if we can not draw something besides hard tack. I have not eaten a mouthful for four days. Six months ago today I enlisted, but was not mustered into the United States until the 14th of July, from which date our time will be measured, I presume. During the six months I have had varied experiences and done some marching to see the country. Tuesday, January 5: The jaundice is still keeping me in an uncomfortable condition but I cm not getting any worse that I can see. Major Biers and two battalions of the 16th Regiment Illinois Cavalry are reported to have been captured out beyond Jonesville by a band of rebels and an attack on the Gap is expected. We were ordered to be ready to move in two hours up to Company C to assist them on the picket post. Wednesday, January 6: Arrived at Company C's post last evening, taking possession of a large house in which we all bunked for the night Nothing to eat and colder than is comfortable. Tried to sleep on the ground, but so cold I could not sleep. Had to get up and sit by the fire in order to keep warm. It snowed some last night and is snowing now, but with it all the ground is not covered. Thursday, January 7: I voluntarily went on guard duty today that I might be with Ed. M. Thompson, and as I would be detailed tomorrow morning alone surely. It has been snowing a little all day. If I were in Ohio I would think we were going to have a good sleighing snow now. Major General U. S. Grant came into the Gap this evening. We feel there is a strong probability that we may be relieved of garrison duty at the Gap. Friday, January 8: It snowed about two inches last night. It is now the deepest snow we have seen this winter. Gen. Grant left the' Gap for Washington, D. C. I did not get to see him as I should like to have done very much. Captain Lysle started for home this morning on furlough. He received a dispatch of serious illness in his family and Gen. Grant gave him furlough to go home. The boys are more in high glee on account of the prospect of soon starting for Ohio. Saturday, January 9: Went into the country today with Jake Eckis after corn pone; had quite a good time. Got. our dinner, consisting of warm pone bread, coffee and beef. How these mountaineers live in this country is more than I can tell. They are suffering now and before they can sow and reap again they will almost perish; and then the possibility of their premises being raided and everything carried away is not without the range of probability. Sunday, January 10: This does not seem much like Sunday to me here. It is a delightful day. I went down the mountain to the commissary after rations, but did not get anything but flour, beef and molasses. It is the first time we have drawn molasses for a long time. I should like to know what they are doing at home, and what the rations are, if good. CHAMPAIGN COUNTY, OHIO - 727 ANXIOUS TO GET STARTED HOMEWARD. Monday, January 11 : The 115th Indiana Volunteer Infantry, six months men, are in the Gap now to relieve us, they say, and why they are not doing it the boys do not know. A wagon train came in today from Camp Nelson loaded with hard tack. Looks like they had been saving rations for us to get back to Ohio for the last three months. The boys are all anxious to get started homeward. Tuesday, January 12: Day after tomorrow our term of enlistment will have expired. Here in Cumberland Gap yet and no visible prospect of our departure soon. Not more than we have seen for several weeks past. Rumor has it every day almost, we will leave soon as we can load up, but we are here yet. Wednesday, January 13: Had a most excellent breakfast this morning of fried mush and potatoes with one of Company C boys with whom. I slept last night. The snow still remains on the ground, but the sun is melting it away now slowly. The weather is comfortable here most of the winter season and the roads are now good. Thursday, January 14: There is happiness in our camp this morning. We received marching orders and are to be ready to move at two o'clock and we will be ready, and do not think otherwise for a moment. Few of the boys ever hope to see the place again. Friday, January 15: While we were ordered to be ready to move at two o'clock, we were not told to march. Detailed this morning for picket duty, as usual. Our relief came out about noon. Company C of the 117th Indiana relieved us. We are to be ready to march tomorrow morning by daylight, and meet the regiment in the Gap, instead of going down to the barracks on the' Tennessee side. Drew eight days' rations today, intended to last us until we reached Camp Nelson, consisting of coffee, sugar, hard tack and fat pork. Saturday, January 16 : The boys were up nearly all night last night and were jubilant at the idea that we would start for home and native land this morning. We were up and ready according to orders to march at daylight, and daylight could not come too soon for the boys. Met the regiment at the Gap as we were returning from the picket post. We were soon in our place in the column and on the move northward, many of them hoping never to see the place again. Cheers fairly rent the air and reverberated over the hills and through the valleys in the crisp invigorating mountain atmosphere. We marched about two miles past the ford in the Cumberland river and encamped for the night. Sunday, January 17: I surely did sleep last night. I knew nothing of this world after I turned in until time to get breakfast before starting on the march. We did not want to delay the start for breakfast and would go without the tin cup of hot coffee, if necessary, to be off toward Ohio as soon as possible. We started by daylight and never a murmur. We marched through Barboursville about three miles, and went into camp for the night. John Hatfield and myself fixed up our tent together and it was fortunate we did for it began to rain about midnight. Monday, January 18: We have had good roads this far on our journey, but it is still raining this morning and the roads are very muddy. I am afraid they will thaw out entirely and let us through and they will be almost impassable if they do. The mud today is shoe-top deep and some of the boys are mud all over. March two miles north of Camp Pitman and encamped in a barn for the night. Tuesday, January 19: While at Camp Pitman yesterday we drew some additional rations. The colonel, thinking to shorten our route to Lexington, started on the march this morning via Richmond by sunrise, and, after going some two or three miles, the colonel learned we could not ford the Rochetto river. We had to turn back and resume our march via Crab Orchard. That was five or six miles in the mud more than needed and kept us two or three hours longer out of the Buckeye state. 728 - CHAMPAIGN COUNTY, OHIO. FELT LIKE GIVING UP. Wednesday, January 20: Marched within four miles of Mt. Vernon today—a very heavy day's march. I came near giving out, but managed to keep in sight of the regiment. Last night was a restless one for me and I could scarcely get up this morning, which incapacitated me for the hard day's march today. I must say I never felt more like quitting; giving up, than today, since I left home. Had I been going in the opposite direction I surely would have lost courage. We marched to Crab Orchard and went into quarters for the night in the commissary buildings. Thursday, January 21: Left Crab Orchard this morning about half past three o'clock. The colonel told us he would have our knapsacks hauled after we caught up with the wagon train, which were encamped about eight miles from Crab Orchard. Marched to Camp Nelson today about twenty-eight miles, a heavy march, and it nearly wore me out. I feel like I could scarcely move now. Friday, January 22: Last night was a terrible night. I laid and rolled all night; my feet and chest pained me dreadfully. The boys are all in fine spirits and would like to demonstrate if they. could, but like myself, they have to conserve their strength to see them through. to Ohio, before they break down entirely. Marched today to Nicholasville and took up our quarters for the night in the court house. Saturday, January 23: This looks a little like living once more. We have plenty to eat and good places to sleep for soldiers that have been living on quarter rations for the past five months, nearly, and sleeping on rails or in the mud much of the time. We are now through with the heavy marches and will await here until transportation can be secured for us by rail to the Ohio river. Stragglers who were unable to keep up with the regiment are coming in at all hours and I am afraid they will not all get in with the regiment before we are ready to embark on the train. Sunday, January 24: Left Nicholasville today about noon.. We got aboard the cars and were soon on our way to Ohio. Several negroes, who came with us from the Gap and hoped to be able to get through with the regiment, had their hopes-blasted shortly after we had gotten under way. The train was stopped by the provost marshal and a search of the entire train was made for the negroes who, up to this time, were in great glee at the thought of their soon being on what they had known as free soil. Some few of the negroes escaped detection by the aid of the soldiers and came on through with the regiment. At Lexington, they found a regiment drawn up in line of battle apprehending a raid. We remained in Lexington until after dark, when we started north again, reaching Covington about two o'clock in the morning. Monday, January 25: We slept in the cars until morning and then marched up into Covington and went aboard the ferryboat and were soon landed on our native state. We marched through Cincinnati to the Fifth street market house, took dinner at the Soldiers' Home and enjoyed it very much. Tuesday, January 26: Omitted the events happened. Wednesday, January 27: Enroute to Cleveland on the 26th and 27th. Thursday, January 28 : We reached Cleveland about eight o'clock last evening. We were furnished good barracks with a stove in them. We felt something like we might be in a parlor as compared with the lousy barracks in Cumberland Gap. Have plenty to eat. 'We draw as our rations, soft bread, instead of hard tack. AWAITING THE MUSTER-OUT ORDER. Friday, January 29 : We get plenty of rations in camp here. It does not resemble the rations in quality we got in the Gap. We are drawing soft bread, beans, potatoes, rice, CHAMPAIGN COUNTY, OHIO - 729 hominy, molasses, vinegar, beef and pickled pork. This is what was issued to us yesterday. How we would like to have drawn a few such issues while in the Gap. Being mustered out of the service is attracting the attention of the boys now, but that time we can not tell. Saturday, January 30: The 128th Regiment, doing garrison duty here, tries to keep the 86th within the lines, but they do not stay inside. The guards make threats, but have not executed any of them yet, and the boys come and go pretty much as they choose. Took a walk into the city today, viewing the sights. John Hatfield had his mustache colored today. Sunday, January 31: Sunday again in Camp Cleveland. It does not resemble Sunday here any more than it did in Cumberland Gap. A few of the citizens came into camp to visit friends that are in the regiment. It is wet and raining some; accounts probably for the dullness of the camp. Monday, February 1: When will we be able to get away from camp and return to our homes is the absorbing question now. The boys, many of them, are becoming impatient and want to see the home folks. These barracks have been well occupied, seemingly, since we left here in July last, and are now fairly alive with vermin which are not pleasant companions, but they stick close to one. The creepy chills chase up and down the spine at the thoughts you can not avoid. Tuesday, February 2: Well, we turned our accoutrements over to the government today. It has been rumored that we would turn our guns over "Tomorrow" ever since we came into Camp Cleveland. John Hatfield visited the rolling-mill this afternoon. I should like td visit the paper-mill before I leave. A gun was accidentally discharged yesterday, inflicting a flesh wound in the arm of one of the boys, but not seriously. This has been ground-hog day, but not much thought at this time of his hogship in camp. Wednesday, February 3: It froze up light last night, and it is trying to snow a little this morning. I do not want to live here along the lake shore in winter time. The winds are bleak and cold. I do not want it to snow until we are mustered out of the service, which is to be tomorrow—just like turning our guns in. I hope we wlil not have to stay here over another Sunday. The boys are becoming impatient to get away from camp. I am looking for letters from home now every day. Thursday, February 4: The mustering-out officers have not yet put in their appearance. Company I is all ready and waiting on action at headquarters. Just as we were issuing rations to the bunk someone spoke to me and said there was a person at the door inquiring for me. I looked toward the door, and like an apparition to my mind, and all so unexpected, I saw my father standing in the door. I let the rations go for some others to look after. I felt like a new man this evening and am not so anxious to see the mustering-out officers. Friday, February 5: I remained in camp last night and father went to the Forest City Hotel in town, where I promised to meet him this morning. It need not be surprising that I started from camp and was at the hotel before, he was up a half an hour. We had our breakfast at the hotel, which I thought was splendid. After breakfast we started out to do some shopping. We bought a pair of boots for five dollars, a pair of pants for eight dollars, a vest for four dollars and a pair of suspenders for fifty cents. I have run around so much today over the pavements and eaten so much I am very tired tonight. Saturday, February 6: Father started home about eight o'clock. I broke guard and went down to the station and saw him off for home. I was not in so much of a hurry to get started for home as I had been, but he said mother was very anxious 730 - CHAMPAIGN COUNTY, OHIO. to see me home, and partly on her account, as well as his own he came up to Cleveland to see their boy. I did not return to camp last night, but stayed at the hotel until morning. I have had an awful headache all day, which, I presume, is not to be wondered at very much. SICKNESS AND DEATH IN CAMP. Sunday, February 7: I am feeling some better this morning than I did yesterday. I have a diarrhoea which has left me in a very weakened condition. -We have not been mustered out of the service yet, as we all know, and we are here over this, another Sunday. If the officers do not hurry, they will not find nearly so many here to muster out as they brought up to this camp from Cumberland Gap, as many of the boys are sick and several have died since they came here. The climate, the water, or the rations does not seem to agree with them since having been starved so long and then eating heavily. Monday, February 8: It is very cold this morning and snowing furiously. The wind is blowing a gale. I broke guard this morning and went to Mrs. Hickey's for my laundry. I stayed there all forenoon and cut apples to dry for what I could eat. and my dinner. Met her son, who was in the navy, but was discharged on account of physical disability. Tuesday, February 9: Cold and stormy this morning; the wind coming off the lake blowing a gale and the air filled with snow. When tomorrow comes, we wlil be mustered out, but tomorrow never comes, so we can not tell when we will get home. The folks at home have been expecting us every day for some time, and no doubt are as badly disappointed as we are ourselves. Yet they can have the assurance we are not in the enemy's country and liable to be ambushed by marauding bands of rebels any moment. Wednesday, February 10: Weather moderated this morning and much more comfortable. Well, we were marched up town this forenoon and really mustered out today, instead of tomorrow. Are to be paid in camp tomorrow. After being mustered out I went to a restaurant and got a plate of oysters and loitered about town a good while. They seem not to fear our running away now, and after a time, we wandered back to camp for the night. Thursday, February 11: No pay today and not in a bit good humor about it, but that didn't seem to make any difference to the officers. Put my overcoat on and started for a trip to town. Went to the Forest City hotel and read the papers and watched the passers by, when I returned to camp. Friday, February 12: The same old report—will be paid tomorrow. The boys are getting tired of this camp. Had I known we were to stay here this length of time, I would have had father stay a few days longer. There is a great concert in the city tonight. I think by tomorrow night we will be in the city of Columbus, certainly. Saturday, February 13: The boys were up early this morning watching for the paymaster in all directions. About 10 o'clock this forenoon he made his appearance in camp and commenced paying the boys. He paid off seven companies by 9 o'clock this evening, leaving Companies I, K and D to be paid later. HOME AGAIN. Sunday, February 14: I was greatly in hopes we would not have to spend another Sunday here in this camp, but we will have to put over part of it if we waft for the paymaster and we surely will now. He came out to camp about 10 o'clock and we soon received our pay; $43.95 was given me as balance due for my services rendered Uncle CHAMPAIGN COUNTY, OHIO - 731 Sam. November 13th we were paid previously when I drew $50.70, making ninety-four dollars and sixty-five cents total for my services for the two hundred and twenty-five days. I did my duty for my country for my 42 and a fraction cents per day, with board and clothing thrown in. We started for Cleveland and found no train to leave before morning, when we stopped for the night at the William Tell hotel. Monday, February 15: Furnished our own bedding and slept on the floor last night for which privilege we paid twenty-five cents each. Took a train at 7 :40 this morning with light hearts for home and was soon rolling away from Camp Cleveland and the busy city. Arriving at Delaware we had to wait a short time for train, leaving on the Springfield road for Milford Center, where we changed cars again for the village of Cable. It was quite dark when I reached my home four miles south of Cable. My folks not knowing when I would be able to get away, I went into the house without being expected at that hour. The memory of that hearthstone with a big, bright fire burning in the fireplace still lingers plainly in my mind, and the rations my mother issued to her soldier boy, returned from the scenes of war, was not on the basis of any stipulated allowance. There will be no more reveille calling me up for the march through the rain and mud; the long roll of the drum will not call me up hurriedly to meet a charging foe. NINETY-FIFTH REGIMENT (THREE YEARS). The Ninety-fifth Regiment contained nearly two full companies of Champaign county volunteers. Companies E and G, with possibly a few in other companies of the same regiment. The regiment was organized at Camp Chase in August, 1862, and was mustered in on August 18 and 19 for the three-years service. Company E was recruited largely from Wayne, Adams and Urbana townships, while Company G was composed of volunteers from Salem, Rush and Harrison. Most of the volunteers of Woodstock and vicinity were in Company G. It was only eleven days from the time the regiment was mustered into the United States service until it, went on to the battle field at Richmond, Kentucky, on August 30, 1862. The troops had little or no drilling and as a consequence suffered severely. They fell into the hands of Kirby Smith, one of the famous Confederate cavalry leaders, who shortly paroled the men. A number of the men of this regiment were captured at the battle of Brice's Cross Roads on June 10, 1864, and were imprisoned at Andersonville and other rebel prisons. The following battles will indicate in a general way the states in which this regiment fought and the amount of service which they saw : Richmond, Kentucky, August 30, 1862; Jackson, Mississippi, May 14, 1863 ; Assaults on Vicksburg, May 19-20, 1863 ; Siege of Vicksburg, May 20-July 4, 1863; Big Black River, Mississippi, July 6, 1863; Jackson, Mississippi, July 9-16, 1862; Brandon, Mississippi, July 19, 1863; Hickahala, Mississippi, February 10, 732      CHAMPAIGN COUNTY, OHIO. 1864 ; Brice's Cross Roads (Guntown), Mississippi, June 10, 1864; Harrison, Mississippi, July 13, 1864; Tupelo, Mississippi, July 14, 1864; Old Town Creek, Mississippi, July 15, 1864;. Little Harpeth, Tennessee, December 6, 1864; Nashville, Tennessee, December 15-16, 1864; pursuit of Hood, December 16, 1864-January 1, 1865; Siege of Spanish Fort, Alabama, March 26, April 9, 1865. The regiment was mustered out of the service in accordance with orders from the war department, August 14, 1865. The following, table shows the enlistments, townships to which they were credited, the date of enlistment, and the ages of the men.