458 - HISTORY OF CHESTER COUNTY, PENNSYLVANIA The ultimate determination of some of the genera and species of lichens here enumerated is quite uncertain. Lichenists seem to have broken off their allegiance to Fies and his system, while a host of ambitious rivals are in the field ready to assume the precedence, each having a system of his own. V.-HYSTEROPHYTA.-The Fungi. Although there have been some 1200 species of fungi collected and preserved in this county, a very large percentage of which have passed under the experienced eyes of Berkeley and Curtis, and carry the impress of their determination, it is impossible for me, at this late period of life, to arrange them properly in a catalogue without more efficient aid than I am able to obtain ; indeed, the literature of the lichens and fungi is in too unsettled a state to allow satisfactory catalogues to be made. METEOROLOGY. Slight shocks of earthquakes have been noted at various dates of our history, as in 1726, 1732, 1738, 1755, 1763, etc. Samuel Taylor, of East Bradford, in his diary (11, 20, 1800) writes : "This morning about daybreak we were alarmed by two shocks of an earthquake, so hard as to shake the house till the windows rattled as if the glass would fall out." The season of 1816 was remarkably cool, there being frost in every month during the summer, and crops were almost an entire failure. Wheat reached $3 per bushel in consequence thereof. In 1822 there was a great flood in the Brandywine (2d month 17th), and a larger one on the 21st, which carried away bridges, mills, dams, etc., and several persons were drowned. The water rose about thirteen feet. On the 6th of July, 1824, the township of Pennsbury was visited by a violent tornado. Between four and five o'clock in the afternoon there arose a small cloud in the northwest, having a light and thin appearance, neither indicating much rain nor wind ; but from it issued the most vivid flashes of lightning in sublime succession, accompanied with very loud peals of thunder. A short time before sunset the cloud separated, one part went towards the south and the other towards the north, leaving the sky almost bare between them they soon reunited, producing the greatest agitation in the atmosphere that can be imagined. Those who saw describe it in the shape of a funnel, with the small end down, and having the appearance of a column of fire ; the very clouds themselves seemed to be broken up and hurled to the earth. It commenced the work of destruction north of the Street road, on the farm of Jacob Bally, tearing down all his apple-trees except three, carrying some in the air at least three hundred yards from the place where they stood. It unroofed part of his barn, passing into the woodland of John Parker, Jr., tearing up and twisting off nearly all his trees, till it reached James Bennett's. Passing over his field and meadow, it overturned all that stood in its way. Entering some woodland belonging to James Bennett and Edward Temple, it made an opening, like a clearing, 15 to 20 perches in width, leaving nothing but a few saplings. So great was the velocity of the wind that it splintered some of the toughest hickories that were near two feet in diameter. In the open fields the force in places seemed collected in a small focus; where that was the case the ground was torn up about the size of a hogshead, and to the depth of a foot or fifteen inches. The next woodland in its track was Moses Way's and Joseph Temple's, large white-oak timber, two and three feet over, where it made a clearing of several acres. It passed near the east end of M. Way's house, unroofed part of his kitchen, and overturned a number of trees in his orchard; then, descending into the hollow, it unroofed the barn of Joshua Harvey, and broke a cart which was standing near by, some timbers falling on it, and injured the roof of the dwelling-house. It crossed the Brandywine near Chads' Ford, when its power gradually diminished, and no material damage was done. Wherever it passed over a corn-field the corn for METEOROLOGY - 459 about two or three perches was killed, and was as dry the next day as if exposed to intense heat. The oats for rods were leveled with the ground, and the grain switched off as if it had been flailed. Two thousand cords of timber are supposed to have been blown down, and much of it so split and broken as to be useless except for fuel. The houses escaped with slight injury, but had they been directly in its track they must have been demolished. The thunder and lightning was unusually severe ; it struck a tree near Joseph Temple's ; he and his wife were stunned. It also struck one near Edward Temple's spring-house, killing a steer that was standing near it. The early summer of 1826 was very dry. On 3, 22, 1828, the orchards were in bloom and the meadows very green, but in the following month snow fell to the depth of nearly two feet. A frost, 6, 6, 1836, killed the corn and damaged the wheat. The summer of 1838 was remarkably dry, no rain of importance falling from 6th month 4th to 9th month 12th, and the grasshoppers became very numerous. Corn was put into shock during the latter days of summer. 8, 4, 1843, a violent thunder-storm occurred, with high water, which swept away many factory dwellings. The autumn of 1844 was very dry. On the evening of 7, 20, 1860, a very large meteor passed slowly across the northern sky from west to east. In 1877 a tornado passed over a Portion of our county, of which an account, entitled " The Great Tornado," was published soon after in pamphlet form by Richard Darlington, r., and from which the following is condensed : ERCILDOUN TORNADO, JULY, 1877. The tornado which passed over the village of Ercildoun occurred on the 1st of July, 1877, about three P.M. It commenced at a point three-fourths of a mile southeast of the Gap Station on the Pennsylvania Railroad, and about two miles west of the Chester County line, and in length extended about twenty-two miles, terminating near Broad Run, in West Bradford township. The day was warm, the mercury registering about 92 degrees. The atmosphere was very close, and the air was well charged with electricity. The storm-cloud was funnel-shaped, the larger end being attached to the clouds, the smaller extending to the earth, and sweeping it in a track from 50 to 200 yards in width. The track of the tornado was marked with fearful destruction to property, and while several persons were injured, only one was killed. Her name was Mary Hopkins, a colored woman, living near Newlin's mill, East Fallowfield township. A man named Jacob Eisinberger was gathered up by the storm and carried about 200 yards. His jaw was broken, and he was injured in many other ways. Samuel Jackson, of Parkesburg, was also badly hurt. The storm-cloud had a rotary motion, in addition to a progressive movement of from twelve to fifteen miles an hour. The velocity of the rotary movement was very great, and the largest trees of the forest were unable to withstand its force. In a woods belonging to Thomas Shields, near Ercildoun, a complete track was cut, and several hundred trees were prostrated and lying in all directions. Several barns were destroyed, not a vestige being left above the foundation walls. The general direction of the progressive movement of the storm-cloud was from northwest to southeast, the prevailing course being S. 75̊ E. After leaving Newlin's mill it veered a little to the north, and it moved S. 83̊ E. to a Point about half a mile east of Ercildoun, when the cloud arose in the air and passed along at a higher elevation, relieving the farms and property from injury. It again descended, and struck the earth on Richard Baily's property, near Broad Run. His barn was entirely destroyed. The tornado continued between one and two miles at this lower elevation, and then arose and disappeared from view. The distance passed over by the storm-cloud without injury before reaching Broad Run was about seven miles. The in-rushing winds on either side of the tornado produced in some instances nearly as much destruction as the cloud itself. The injury extended, in a few cases, over a track 300 yards wide. Much speculation was indulged in as to the cause of the whirl, and even as to the formation of the cloud itself. Undoubtedly currents of air from adverse directions and of different temperatures had an important influence in generating the cloud. In fact, Joseph D. Pownell claims to have seen the first contact of the opposing currents from the porch of his residence, near Gap Station, in Lancaster County, at which point the " whirl" began. Currents of air, when meeting from opposite or from different directions, are supposed to encounter less resistance in their struggle for supremacy from lateral than from ver. STORM-CLOUD, 1877, ERCILDOUN, CHESTER CO., PA. 460 - HISTORY OF CHESTER COUNTY, PENNSYLVANIA. tical pressure, and if so a rotary movement could readily be inaugurated. The storm-cloud in its course passed along the southern limit of Parkesburg, and overthrew several frame buildings in that borough. The next village in the track of the storm was Ercildoun, four miles east, and here was the greatest destruction of property. About half the houses were overthrown. The school property of Richard Darlington, including also a new dwelling in course of erection, was terribly injured. The unfinished dwelling was entirely demolished. The trees in the lawn were in many instances either overthrown or the tops were twisted off. A potato-patch in the rear of the dwelling was rendered entirely bare, all of the new growth being scraped off by the friction of the storm-cloud. The injury to the Ercildoun Seminary property was over $10,000. A noticeable feature of the tornado was the destruction of orchards ; apple-trees in particular were easily overthrown, the roots not being set deeply in the earth, and the foliage being heavy and dense. One orchard on the North Valley Hill, a short distance above Parkesburg, had 51 trees overthrown. The loss of property by the tornado along its route was estimated at about $36,000. As there was no insurance for injury of this character, the loss fell heavily on many of the sufferers. About $2000 were raised and distributed among the poorer classes in and around Ercildoun. This was almost the only amount raised by voluntary contributions. This is the most serious destruction of property by wind that our county has ever experienced. EFFECT OF TORNADO ON RICHARD DARLINGTON, Ms., SEMINARY AT ERCILDOUN, CHESTER CO., PA., JULY 1, 1877. CONRAD ACKER. Two brothers named Acker came over from Germany in 1732, one of whom, Conrad, located in Montgomery County, from whom those of thiS name in CheSter County are deScended. Conrad married Barbara Ruble, from which union Peter waS born. Peter Acker married Elizabeth Laugbaugh, and by her had but one child, Conrad, the Subject of thiS Sketch. Peter Subsequently married Elizabeth Beagle, by whom he had nine children. Conrad, Son of Peter and Elizabeth (Laugbaugh) Acker, was born in Uwchlan township, Dec. 24, 1802. He waS raised on the farm and attended the public subscription schools. He was married Jan. 17, 1828, to Leah Keeley, daughter of Conrad and Margaret Keeley. From this marriage were born, eight children : John ; William (deceased) ; Margaret, married to Frank Keyser ; Elizabeth, married to CharleS H. Duckett; Joseph (killed in the Rebellion); Amelia; Ella; and Amanda. In the spring of 1828 he moved to Tredyffrin township, and bought of his father a farm, on which he remained until 1850, when he came to hiS preSent farm, where he has Since resided. When he bought it the land was covered with woodS which be cleared off, and on this farm of one hundred and seventeen acres he erected all the buildings and has made many valuable improvements. He has served seven years as school director, and frequently in other local positions. He belongs, with his family, to the Presbyterian Church. He is identified with the Republican party, and was a staunch supporter of the government during the Rebellion. His farm is pleasantly located in the beautiful Chester Valley, and his home betokens happiness and comfort, as his homestead does thrift and prosperity. His son, Joseph Acker, was mustered into the United States Service Sept. 11, 1861, for three years, in Company C, Ninety-seventh Pennsylvania Regiment ; was appointed fourth sergeant Sept. 18, 1861 ; promoted to third sergeant April 30, 1862 ; promoted to second sergeant July 1, 1863 ; and was killed while advancing with SkirmiSh line at Foster's Place, Bermuda Hundred, May 18, 1864. He was one of the best and braveSt Soldiers of this noble regiment, commanded by Col. Henry R. Guss. RESIDENCE OF CONRAD ACKER, TREDYFFRIN. BIOGRAPHICAL AND GENEALOGICAL. PRELIMINARY REMARKS. SINCE the first settlement of this province several generations have passed away, and the oldest of our citizens cannot recall those who took part therein. Succeeding a period of almost total indifference upon the subject, there is now a fast-growing interest and desire manifested to know more of that unbroken line of ancestry stretching from the present into the dim, uncertain past. There are of course traditions in nearly every family, but traditions unsupported by other evidence are very unreliable. It has been noticed by all genealogists as a singular circumstance that in most families tradition assigns " three brothers" as their emigrant ancestors, which brothers, settling in different parts of the country, explains the spread of the name. It is equally singular that when persons are told of the universality of this tradition, they simply note its coincidence with the facts in their family history, not suspecting for an instant that they, like all the rest, are under a delusion. To all these we may say that unless you have positive records, written at the time, in support of the theory, you should cast it aside as a dream. We here present some brief genealogical and biographical sketches from the vastly greater number which, but for want of space, might be given of the citizens and families of our county. To economize space, some abbreviations common in genealogical works will be used, such as the letters b. d. and m. for born, died, and married, etc. ADAMSON, CHARLES, who lived at Corner Stores, near Phoenixville, in Schuylkill township, married Mary Corson, sister of Dr. Hiram Corson, of Conshohocken. The Adamsons were one of the old Chester County Quaker families. Both Charles and his wife are deceased. THOMAS ADAMSON, son of the above, was born at Corner Stores, Chester County, and is one of the oldest members of the consular service. In 1870 he was appointed consul to Melbourne, Australia, which position he held until 1878, when he was appointed by President Hayes as consul-general at Rio de Janeiro. During his residence abroad he has taken " active part in every movement of social utility, and, not content with existing charities, ranked among the leading promoters of several new ventures of benevolence, among which was the Discharged Prisoners' Aid Society." SARAH R. ADAMSON (Mrs. L. C. Dolley, M.D.), sister of the last named, and daughter of Charles and Mary, has the honor of being the second woman in this country who received a full medical education and the degree of Doctor of Medicine,—Elizabeth Blackwell being the first. She attended the select school of Graceanna Lewis, whose loan to her pupil of a work on physiology first fascinated, and then led to the determination to make medicine a special study and its practice her life-work. She continued her studies at the Friends' Central School, in Philadelphia, and as a medical student with her uncle, Dr. Hiram Corson. In 1849 she made application for admission to one and another of the medical schools, with the consent and encouragement of her preceptor, but in vain. For a time she studied practical anatomy under Dr. Edwin Fussel, who later became professor of anatomy in the Woman's College of Philadelphia. Soon after she was received by the Central Medical College of New York, at Syracuse, from which she was graduated in 1851 with the degree of M.D. She spent a year in Blockley Hospital, and received from its board of managers the same certificate as that awarded to the male physicians. Soon after she married Dr. L. C. Dolley, of Rochester, N. Y., whither she removed, and which continues to be her residence. She is president of the Rochester Society of Natural Sciences, an outgrowth of a course of lectures by Graceanna Lewis. Mrs. Dr. Dolley is a sister-in-law of Elijah F. Pennypacker. ACKER, CONRAD, and wife Barbara (Ruble), from Germany, settled at first near Trappe, in Montgomery County, but in 1771 removed to a farm in Uwchlan, Chester County, now owned by George S. Acker, a great-grandson. Conrad Acker was a firm patriot, and assisted in burying the victims of the Paoli massacre. Farming is the leading pursuit of the family, who are noted for industry, frugality, and good citizenship. The children of Conrad and Barbara were,-1. Conrad, In. Magdalena, daughter of Johannes and Anna Catharine Laubaugh ; 2. Jacob, died unmarried; 3. John, m. Catharine Laubaugh ; 4. Peter, m. Elizabeth Laubaugh ; 5. Henry, m. Elizabeth Weisner; 6. Catharine, m. John Laubaugh and, second, John Christman; 7. Elizabeth, m. John Weisner ; 8. Barbara, m. Jacob Weisner ; 9. Mary, m. John King; 10. Eve, m. James Kenny ; 11. Hannah, m. Philip Souder. The children of John and Catharine Acker were Elizabeth, m. Abraham Fetters ; Mary, m. Samuel Fetters ; and John. The last and his cousin Isaac, son of Peter, have been members of the State Legislature. SAMUEL ACKER, son of Conrad and Magdalen, was born July 1, 1805, on Marsh Creek, in Uwchlan township, There he remained until sixteen years of age, when his father bought land in Tredyffrin township, where, a few years later, he died. Samuel was married to Mary Weisner, by whom he had one child, Zachariah. He was a practical farmer, and served repeatedly as township auditor. He was a member of the Reform Church of Pikeland, of which Rev. Jesse Knipe has been pastor for half a century. - 461 - 462 - HISTORY OF CHESTER COUNTY, PENNSYLVANIA. He was originally a Whig, then a Republican, and never missed an election up to two years before his death, Feb. 15, 1880. His widow survives him, and resides on the homestead place. He was a man respected for his probity of character and public spirit, which made his decease universally lamented. His only child, Zachariah Acker, is a prominent and well-known merchant of Phoenixville, where he is also one of the proprietors and president of the " Moore Hall Foundry and Machine Company," chartered March 16,1881. He is one of the leading and most public-spirited citizens of that town. ALDRED, THOMAS J., son of William and Catharine, was born Oct. 3, 1803, in Brandywine Hundred, Del., the youngest of nine children. He was married by Rev. Henry Boehm, Feb. 23, 1826, to Hannah Bonsall Fisher, born near Mortonville, Chester Co., Feb. 14, 1801. They were prominent members of the Grove Methodist Episcopal Church, and were the parents of eleven children, of whom nine lived to maturity. William R., one of the sons, a graduate of Dickinson College, died in the army, Aug. 8, 1865. A daughter became the wife of Rev. George W. Lybrand, now of Minersville, Pa. The father died Dec. 11, 1880. ALISON, D.D., FRANCIS, was born in the county of Donegal, Ireland, in the year 1705, and completed his studies at the University of Glasgow. He came to America in 1735, and was for a while engaged as tutor in the family of the father of John Dickinson, of Delaware. He was licensed as a Presbyterian minister in 1736 or 1737, and on May 25th of the latter year was installed pastor of the New London Presbyterian congregation, in Chester Co., Pa., where he continued fifteen years. In 1743 he opened an academy at New London, which became a justly celebrated institution, and served to aid in furnishing the Presbyterian Church with well-qualified ministers and the State with able civilians. In 1752 he removed to Philadelphia, and took charge of the Philadelphia Academy. In 1755, upon the establishment of the University of Pennsylvania, he was appointed vice-provost and professor of moral philosophy. He was also assistant minister of the First Presbyterian Church. The degree of Master of Arts was conferred upon him by Yale College in 1755, and by the College of New Jersey in 1756 ; and the honorary degree of Doctor of Divinity by the University of Glasgow, in Scotland, in 1758. This last distinction, now so common, was then rare, and was only conferred upon men of the most distinguished abilities and learning. Dr. Alison was a man of high character as a Christian, a scholar, and a preacher. He had an unusually accurate and profound acquaintance with the Greek and Latin classics, and was well informed in philosophy, history, and general literature. To his zeal for the diffusion of knowledge Pennsylvania owes much of that taste for solid learning and classical literature for which many of her principal characters have been distinguished. He opposed the throwing off of the proprietary government, and as a reward for his services Richard Penn, it is said, gave him a fine tract of land at the confluence of the Bald Eagle with the west branch of the Susquehanna. He was the founder of the " Presbyterian Society for the Relief of Ministers and their Widows," and the first named of its trustees. Although his family could ill afford it, he BIOGRAPHICAL AND GENEALOGICAL - 463 made provision in his will for giving his slaves their liberty. He had considerable influence in the ecclesiastical judicatories, and in the controversy which agitated the Presbyterian Church in his day he adhered to what was termed the " Old Side." He died Nov. 29, 1779, in the seventy-fourth year of his age. The maiden name of his wife was Armitage. Among other children, he left a son, Dr. Francis Alison, who became a physician of eminence, and who was the father of the late Dr. Robert Alison, of Jennerville, and of Oliver Alison, at one time sheriff of Chester County. ALLEN, JOHN, was born 8, 3, 1694, and died 9, 16, 1771. He married, in 1719, Amy Cox, and settled in Londongrove. He brought a certificate from Friends in Ireland to Newark Monthly Meeting, 2, 3, 1714. His wife died 9, 13, 1778. Their children were : 1. John, b. 2, 8, 1720 ; d. 10, 1, 1754 ; m. 9,12,1740, Phebe Scarlet, and lived in London-grove. 2. Rebecca, b. 8, 8, 1722 ; m. Alexander Mode and William Chandler. 3. Emey (Amy), b. 6, 8, 1725 ; m. Philip Ward. 4. Elizabeth, b. 2, 29, 1728 ; m. Simon Dixson. 5. William, b. 8, 3, 1730 ; m. 5, 24, 1758, Sarah Greave. 6. Joseph, b. 5, 12, 1733 ; m. 11, 13, 1755, Deborah Hill. 7. Mary, b. 11, 1, 1738 ; m. Moses Fraizer. 8. Phebe, b. 2, 9, 1739 ; d. 10, 19, 1787. 9. Benjamin, b. 8, 4, 1742 ; m. 12, 20, 1764, Hannah Greenfield. One Morrell Allen married Alice Scarlet, a sister of Phebe, wife of John Allen, and lived in Londongrove. There were also Allens in West Nottingham. ALTEMUS, LEONARD, whose father was a Frenchman and mother a German, was born in May, 1763, and died Aug. 25, 1826. He married Sarah Walker (born February, 1764 ; died 1798), daughter of Jerman Walker, of Tredyffrin, Chester Co. They had children,-Lydia, Jerman, Isaac, Hannah, Eliza, Rhoda, and Abijah. Isaac, born 9, 18, 1789, married, first, Hannah Swayne, and second, Sarah Ann Pusey, and lived in Londongrove. His children were Francis S., Marshall, Anna Maria, Almira, Hiram, and Hannah Emma. ANDERSON, CAPT. PATRICK, was born July 24, 1719, on a farm on the Pickering Creek, in what is now Schuylkill township, and was the first child of European parents born within the limits of the old township of Charlestown. He was the son of James Anderson, a Scotch emigrant, and Elizabeth Jerman, daughter of Thomas Jerman, a noted Quaker preacher and thrifty miller, who settled very early in the Chester Valley. When a babe his mother occasionally left him with the friendly Indian women to be nursed, while she visited her parents across the mountain. In his youth he was sent to Philadelphia to be educated, and afterward he taught school in his father's house. He obtained the home property from his father, and on it at an early date built the saw-mill which now belongs to his great-grandson, Dr. M. J. Pennypacker. He was thrifty and enterprising, and among other possessions owned a numher of slaves. There is a letter extant, written by William Moore, of Moore Hall, Nov. 5, 1755, during the progress of the French and Indian war, to *William Allen, chief justice of the province, recommending him for a captaincy. In the Revolutionary struggle he bore an active part. In 1774 he was elected one of the Chester County committee of which Anthony Wayne was chairman. In March, 1776, he was appointed by the Assembly senior captain of the Pennsylvania battalion of musketry, and, though then considerably advanced in years, he accepted the position and recruited a company. This battalion, under the command of Col. Samuel J. Atlee, was placed on the right of the American army at the battle of Long Island, fought with great gallantry, capturing from the British and holding a height, and did much to save the army from destruction. Lieut.-Col. Caleb Parry, a friend and neighbor of Anderson, was killed by his side, and, according to tradition, the sight very much enraged him. His company lost heavily in killed, wounded, and missing. Atlee having been captured, the command of the hattalion, which had been very much shattered, devolved upon him, and a letter from him to Benjamin Franklin, dated Sept. 22, 1776, detailing its condition, is printed in the Archives. At the capture of Fort Washington all, or nearly all, of his company were taken prisoners, and on the 9th of January, 1777, he made application for a lieutenant-colonelcy, but does not appear to have succeeded. The battalion was reorganized and consolidated with other troops, and he was put in command of the first company of the State regiment of foot, and later of a company in the Thirteenth Pennsylvania Regiment in the Continental line. He was in the service when, in the fall of 1777, the British passed through Chester County in the campaign for the possession of Philadelphia. At his house they committed great depredations, destroying and- taking his furniture and other property, including 11 cows, 7 beef-cattle, 40 sheep, 10 swine, and 121 fowls, to the value of £303 3s. 6d. A mirror, which had been a part of the marriage outfit of his dead wife, escaped, and now belongs to Samuel Pennypacker, Esq. He was elected a member of the Assembly in October, 1778, and after a long contest obtained his seat. He was re-elected in 1779, 1780, and 1781, and as a member of that body voted against all efforts to abolish slavery in Pennsylvania. In April, 1779, he wrote to the Council of Safety in regard to irregularities in the election of the militia officers of Chester County, as conducted by Col. Levi Gronow, and that election was annulled. In 1781 he was appointed by the Assembly one of the board of commissioners to provide for the navigation of the river Schuylkill. He married, at Christ Church, Philadelphia, Dec. 22, 1748, Hannah Martin, and had two children,-Rebecca and Harriet. He married again, Elizabeth Morris, granddaughter of John Bartholomew, and cousin of Cols. Edward and Benjamin Bartholomew, by whom he had three children,-Isaac, James, and Elizabeth. He married the third time, Ann Beaton, sister of Col. John Beaton, and had by her seven children He died in 1793, and is buried in the yard of the Valley Episcopal Church. ISAAC ANDERSON, son of Patrick, was born Nov. 23, 1760. When a boy he was a great favorite with the Indians, who still frequented the valley of the Pickering, and often accompanied them on their fishing and hunting 464 - HISTORY OF CHESTER COUNTY, PENNSYLVANIA. excursions. Though a mere boy when the Revolutionary war commenced, he was not of the temper to rest in quiet amid the exciting scenes occurring around him. He was one of the squad who visited William Moore and searched for arms, as is detailed in the sketch of that stanch loyalist. In the fall of 1777, during the British invasion, he led a company of militia to the assistance of Washington, and while the army lay at Valley Forge he carried dispatches to and from the Congress at York. He was a Jeffersonian Democrat, and after the close of the war was appointed a justice of the peace. In 1802 he was elected to the Assembly. From 1803 to 1807 he sat in Congress. In the Monroe Campaign, in 1816, he was a Presidential elector, and he was also at one time prominently suggested for the governorship. He was one of the first Methodists in Pennsylvania, he and his wife having been converted in 1780, and he frequently preached for that sect. A sketch of Charlestown township written by him was published in Potter's American Monthly for January, 1875. He married Mary Lane, a great-great-granddaughter of Samuel Richardson, one of the earliest Philadelphia judges and provincial councilors, and also a great-great-granddaughter of Barbara Aubrey, a first cousin of that William Aubrey who married Letitia Penn, and whose ancestor, Sir Reginald Aubrey, was one of the Norman conquerors of Wales in the twelfth century. They had eleven children. He was six feet four inches high, and a man of great muscular strength, and of perhaps excessive firmness of character. He died Oct. 27, 1838. DR. JAMES ANDERSON was born in Charlestown, now Schuylkill township, April 11, 1782. He was the eldest son of Hon. Isaac Anderson, a gentleman of extensive reading and high position. His early life was spent chiefly at home, and his education was such as the country at that time afforded to its youth. In 1803 he attended a Latin school in Norristown, and in the following year commenced the study of medicine under Dr. Roger Davis, with whom he remained for some time. He attended lectures in the University of Pennsylvania for two years, and received his degree in 1806. He first located in Radnor township, Delaware Co. In 1840 he married Mary, daughter of William Thomas, of Lower Merion, Montgomery Co., and there purchased a farm, upon which he settled, and where he resided until his death. He was actively and extensively engaged in the practice of his profession for upwards of thirty years. He was twice married, his second wife being Mary, the daughter of Joseph Wilson, Esq. He educated three of his sons to the profession of medicine. Dr. Anderson was possessed of great energy, decision, and firmness of character, inflexible in his principles and the maintenance of that which he believed to be right. He died June 1, 1858, in the seventy-seventh year of his age. ANDREWS, ALEXANDER, was born in this county about 1759, and took an active part in the Revolution. He afterward settled down on the east bank of the Octorara, where he died in 1846. Andrews' bridge, over that stream, was named for him. ARTHUR ANDREWS, of Oxford township, married, prior to 1785, Anness, daughter of James Cooper, and was an active citizen of that neighborhood. JOHN ANDREWS married Jane Cooper, daughter of James, and became the owner of 300 acres in Oxford which had belonged to his father-in-law. APPLE, CAPT. WILLIAM, was born in Philadelphia, Dec. 17, 1796. He spent his early life there, serv ing a full apprenticeship to the trade of copper- and tin-smithing, and working at his trade. In 1824 he came to West Chester and established himself in the same business, upon the spot where he ended his busy and useful life in March, 1872, aged over seventy-five years. In March, 1834, he united with the Presbyterian Church of the borough, of which he continued an active member until his death. Blessed with a wife who might almost seem to be the original of the portrait drawn by the wise man in Proverbs xxxi. 10-31, and whose deeds of charity are yet fragrant in our memories, he was eminently successful in all his undertakings in life. Wise in his investments, he accumulated a competency, which he always used for the welfare of the community. His tastes led him to cultivate and foster the organizations for military, fire, and police service, which he deemed essential to the interests of the borough. He often served as a director or trustee of the various monetary interests of the community. Capt. Apple was singularly liberal in his aid to the struggling, whether in direct charity or in the loan of means or of credit. Very independent in his views, and outspoken in the expression of them, he was always the model gentleman, and his upright form and elastic step were indicative of the untarnished conscience, the unblemished integrity, and the cheerful loving spirit which dwelt in him. His wife died about sixteen months before his own decease. ARNOLD, RICHARD, of Burlington, married 2, 19, 1681, at John Woolston's house, near Burlington, Sarah Chamberlin, and subsequently settled in Thornbury, Chester Co., where he died in December,1720. His children were,-1. John, d. 1717 ; 2. Grace, m. in 1710 Ralph Eavenson ; 3. Thomas, m. 1714 to Hannah Eavenson, and in 1729 to Ann Rattew ; 4. Josiah ; 5. Elizabeth, m. Richard Pritchard in 1716 ; 6. William ; 7. Richard ; 8. Sarah ; 9. Anthony, m. 9, 30, 1737, to Sarah Buffington, widow of John, and daughter of Thomas Eavenson, of Thornbury. He died in September, 1746, in East Bradford, leaving one child, Hannah, who became the wife of Col. Isaac Taylor. Thomas Arnold was a fuller, and established a fulling-mill in West Bradford, now in possession of the Temple family. ASH, JOSHUA, of Darby, married Alice Woodward, daughter of Richard and Mary, of East Bradford, and had issue,-1. Joshua, b. 4, 16, 1743 ; m. Abigail Evans, 3, 23, 1769. 2. Caleb, b. 11, 12, 1744; m. Rebecca Lownes. 3. Matthew, b. 10, 28, 1746 ; died young. 4. Samuel, b. 5, 31, 1748 ; m. Martha Pearson and Hannah Crozer. 5. Sarah, b. 3, 28, 1753. 6. Matthew, b. 2, 25, 1758 ; m. Mary Gibbons, who died 3, 24, 1862, aged ninety-seven years. The children of Matthew and Mary were Jane (m. Abishai Clark), Sarah, Hannah, Mary, Elizabeth, John, Humphry M., Joseph G., Margaret G., Matthew, Caleb, Joshua W., James, Robert P., Ann, George W. JOHN ASH, of Darby, perhaps a brother of Joshua, married 2, 25, 1744, Ann Hibberd, of the same township. BIOGRAPHICAL AND GENEALOGICAL - 465 ASH.-DANIEL HEINRICH ESCH, son of Frederick Wilhelm Esch and Anna Elizabetha, née Enspelerin, of the Reformed Church, was born April 10, 1717 ; studied the business of an apothecary, his father's profession, with George Herman Enspeler, court, city, and land apothecary in the high countal residence, city of Neuweid, on the Rhine, 1737-39, and another year with Dr. Goebel, at Dierdorff, and in 1741 came to Pennsylvania, bringing a certificate from Wilhelm Frederick Schnabelins, the pastor of his church at Hachenburg, dated June 3d of that year.' This certificate, with others from the doctors under whom lie served his apprenticeship, are now in possession of his great-grandson, Franklin P. Ash, of West Chester. After his arrival here he married, but his exact residence is not stated. Persons of this name were living in the northern part of Chester County prior to 1740, who may have been related to him. Daniel Heinrich Esch and Elizabeth, his wife, had two children,-Joseph, b. March 7, 1744, and John, b. March 7, 1747. Before the birth of the youngest child the father sailed for Germany, to look after an estate belonging to him ; but the vessel was never heard of after. It was his design to take his child Joseph with him, but after going on board the ship he was prevailed upon to send the child back. His widow died about the year 1807. Joseph Esch (or Ash, as it was anglicized) married Rachel Whitaker, a member of West Caln Friends' Meeting, and, the marriage being by a " priest," she made an acknowledgment to the meeting 2, 17, 1769, and in the 12th month following received a certificate of removal to Concord Monthly Meeting. In the 9th month, 1774, she received a certificate back to Bradford Monthly Meeting. She was perhaps a sister to Phinehas Whitaker, and a daughter of John and Dinah Whitaker. The children of Joseph and Rachel were thirteen in number : 1. John, m. Bathsheba Trego ; 2. William, m. Ann Fisher ; 3. Mary, m. Caleb Way; 4. Elizabeth, m. James Lowrey and Carve! Cooley ; 5. Rachel, m. Jonathan Webh ; 6. Joseph, died without issue ; 7. Peter, m. Elizabeth Thomas ; 8. Phineas, m. Eleanor Alexander ; 9. Susan, m. John Ross ; 10. Julia Ann, m. George Lawrence ; 11. Sarah, m. Peter Schroff; 12. Daniel, died in infancy ; 13. David, b. Oct. 21, 1789, m. Hannah Hayes. William was the father of Phineas Ash, of West Caln ; Peter was the father of Franklin P. Ash, ex-recorder of deeds, formerly of Oxford. ASHBRIDGE, GEORGE, arrived at Philadelphia 5, 5, 1698, and in 1701 was living in Edgemont. He. married, 8, 23, 1701, at Providence Meeting, Mary Malin, of Upper Providence, by whom he had issue : 1. John, b. 6, 1, 1702 ; in. 8, 12, 1732, Hannah Davies. 2. George, b. 12, 19, 1703-4 ; d. 3, 6; 1773 ; m. 8, 21, 1730, Jane Hoopes. 3. Jonathan, b.' 9, 25, 1705. 4. Mary, b. 11, 10, 1710 ; m. Amos Yarnall. 5. Elizabeth, b. 12, 6, 1708-9-; m. John Sharpless. 6. Aaron, b. 12, 25, 1712-3 ; m. 2, 21, 1737, Sarah Davies, and again, 9, 4, 1746, Elizabeth Sullivan, a widow. He was a prominent citizen, and his last wife a noted minister among Friends. 7. Hannah, b. 2, 26, 1715; m. Joshua Hoopes. 8. Phebe, b. 8, 26, 1717 ; in. Richard Thomas and William Trimble. 9. Lydia, b.11, 22,1719-20; - 59 - in. Ellis Davies. 10. Joseph, b. 5, 9, 1723 ; in. Priscilla Davis, 4, 8, 1749. Mary Ashbridge, the mother of these, d. 2, 15, 1728, and George m. again, 1, 6, 1729-30, Margaret Paschall, widow, and soon after removed from Goshen to Chester, where he died in 1748. The children of John and Hannah Ashbridge were Jane, Jonathan, Elizabeth, John, Amos, Hannah, David, and Aaron. The father died 5, 21, 1747, and his widow in 1771. GEORGE ASIIBRIDGE (2) was elected to the Assembly in 1743, and continued to be re-elected each year until his death, which occurred 3, 6, 1773. His children were,-1. Mary, b. 8, 4, 1731 ; m. Jesse Jones. 2. George, b. 1, 1, 1732-3 ; d. 10, 25, 1785 ; m. 12, 5, 1754, Rebecca Garrett. 3. William, b. 1, 2, 1734-5 ; d. 3, 14, 1775 ; m. Elizabeth Fletcher and settled at Frankford, Pa. 4. Susanna, b. 7, 19, 1737 ; m. William Gibbons. 5. Phebe, b. 10, 16, 1739 ; m. Isaac Massey. 6. Jane, b. 8, 10, 1742 ; m. Jesse Maris. 7. Daniel, b. 7, 26, 1744, d. 8, 25, 1771; m. Hannah Paul. 8. Joshua, b. 9, 17, 1746, d. 9, 4, 1820 ; m. 11, 4, 1773, Mary Davis, daughter of Lewis Davis, of Haverford, and remained at the homestead in Goshen. 9. Lydia, b. 12, 12, 1749, d. 7, 17, 1752. GEORGE ASHBRIDGE (3) settled at Milltown, and had the following children : 1. Lydia, b. 11, 6, 1755 ; m. Joseph Malin. 2. Mary, b. 9, 13, 1758 ; m Joseph Rhoads. 3. Susanna, b. 9, 30, 1761 ; m. John Fairlamb. 4. Jane, b. 10, 11, 1764 ; m. Samuel Downing. 5. Phehe, b. 9, 8, 1767 ; m. George Valentine. 6. George G., b. 8, 17, 1770 ; d. 8, 13, 1843 ; m. 9, 25, 1811, Rachel V. Sharpless, daughter of Abraham and Phebe, of Aston, b. 6, 22, 1786 ; d. 8, 22, 1858. George and his brother William sold the homestead at Milltown, and for a time engaged in the iron manufacture in Jersey. George died in East Caln, leaving children, Abraham S. and others. 7. William, b. 8, 2, 1773 ; m. Thomazine, daughter of Col. Richard Thomas, and resided in Philadelphia. His children were William, Mary, Jane, and Richard, of whom the latter now owns the old, Thomas homestead in West Whiteland. ASHENFELTER, HENRY. - Ashenfelter (originally Aschenfeldter or Escheufeldter) is a German name, meaning an ash-field. Upon the Revolutionary militia-rolls of Philadelphia County are the names John, Ludowic, and Thomas. Henry Ashenfelter was born July 24, 1814, in Montgomery County, and was the son of Peter and Mary (Gotzwaltz) Ashenfelter. His mother was a daughter of Henry Gotzwaltz, who married the daughter of Christian, son of Heinrich Funk, the eminent theologian and author. Christian was also a distinguished divine. Heinrich had a celebrated religious work printed in Philadelphia in 1763, which was reprinted at Biel, in Switzerland, in 1844, and at Lancaster, Pa., in 1862. Christian's father, Henry Funek (Funk), settled on Indian Creek, in Montgomery County, in 1719, and was an eminent Mennonite preacher. He wrote another book, called " Ein Spiegel der Taufe," printed at Germantown in 1744. He, with Dielman Kolb, on behalf of the Mennonites, supervised the translation from Dutch into German of the Martyr Book of Van Braght, published at Ephrata, Pa., in 1748, and the most imposing literary work of colonial days. 466 - HISTORY OF CHESTER COUNTY, PENNSYLVANIA. Henry Ashenfelter's grandfather, Ludowic, was in the war of 1812. When five years old Henry removed to this county, and in 1824 began working, when only fourteen, in the Phoenix Iron-Works. He remained in Phoenixville until 1832, then worked at the mouth of Wissahickon in re-ruling unsalable English bar-iron. He returned to Phoenixville and worked in the iron business until 1836, when he removed to Reading, where he helped to make the first nails manufactured there. Here he was two years a school director. In 1845 he returned to Phoenixville, where he was engaged in the mills (nailing-) until 1850, when he organized the Workingmen's Iron and Nail Company, by whom he was appointed inspector of nails. After his return from Reading he was school director five years. In 1852 he embarked in the railroad building as manager, and in 1853 became manager of different departments in the Phoenix Iron-Works, and so continued to 1857. Since then has been tax collector and assessor. For past nine years he has been in the school board, and for five its treasurer. He was four terms a notary public. He is a Republican, active in his party and zealous for its success. He has been a member of Phoenix Lodge, No. 212, Independent Order of Odd-Fellows, since its organization in 1847, and has passed all the chairs. Was a charter member of the Sons of Temperance, instituted in 1845. He was married, Dec. 20, 1836, to Martha Knerr, and has had the following children : Mary Emma, died young ; George W., deceased ; Hannah Maria, married to Isaac Laning, of Bridgeton, N. J. ; S. M. ; and Martha Emily, married to Daniel Moore, of the firm of Caswell & Moore. Mr. Ashenfelter is one of the county's best citizens, upright and public-spirited. He pays special attention to numismatics, in collecting rare and ancient coins, relics, etc. His son, George W., was first lieutenant of Company H, One Hundred and Fourth Pennsylvania Regiment, and was wounded in the ankle at Fair Oaks, before Richmond, in 1862. He was subsequently promoted to be captain, was a brave soldier, and died after the close of the war. His son, S. M. Ashenfelter, graduated at Dickinson College in 1864. He then read law with ex-Mayor Peter McCall, of Philadelphia, and subsequently spent several years in South America, a portion of which was in the office of the United States consul at Guyaquil. He was all this time a correspondent of the New York Tribune. In 1867 he returned from South America and entered the law-office of Hon. J. B. Hawley (member of Congress), of Rock Island, Ill., where he completed his legal studies. In 1869 he was appointed by President Grant United States district attorney for New Mexico, which position he held until Mr. Hayes' administration. He edited the Grant County (New Mexico) Herald for several years, and is now editing and publishing the Daily Southwest, in Silver City, New Mexico. He is an enterprising young man, and well versed in the Spanish language. ASKEW, WILLIAM, produced a certificate from Friends of Woodhall Monthly Meeting, Cumberland, England, to Concord Monthly Meeting, 5, 1, 1728, and settled in Chichester. He probably brought some children with him. He married, 9, 13, 1729, Sarah Yarnall, daughter of Francis, of Willistown. His son Lazarus married, 8, 28, 1742, Mabel Cloud, and died a few years later, leaving children. Another son, Joseph, married, 2, 27, 1749, Rebecca Eyre, daughter of William and Mary, of Bethel. Parker Askew, of Concord, son of Joseph and Rebecca, married, 11, 17, 1779, Hannah Hatton, daughter of Peter and Sarah, of Concord, by whom he had children,—Rebecca, William, Peter, and perhaps others. This branch of the family went to Ohio. ASTON, GEORGE, a justice of the peace and active citizen, purchased 500 acres in Caln township, on the western side of what is now Downingtown, and is said to have built what is known as the old Hunt mansion, 1727-8. His wife, Elizabeth, was the daughter of Peter Hunter, of Middletown. He died in 1738, leaving children,—George, Peter, Mary (married to Joseph Few, 2, 18, 1733), Susanna, and probably Esther, wife of Roger Hunt. GEORGE ASTON (2) married Esther, daughter of Owen Thomas, of East Whiteland, and became the owner of the Admiral Vernon (now Warren) tavern. He left one son, Owen Aston. George Aston (1) was styled a Quaker (p. 48), but there is no evidence to that effect in the records of the society. His daughter Mary and son Peter became members. ATHERTON, GRACE, late of Liverpool, England, was married 11, 15, 1712-3, in Whiteland township, to Richard Thomas, of that place. She was the daughter of Henry and Jennet Atherton, who had not then come to this country. Her parents, writing to her not long after, mention, among other things sent to her, a " Brass Bible ; I mean a large Bible whose cover is studded with Brass, which was your Grandfather Thelwall's, which we desire thee keep for thy little son." This Bible, which was printed soon after the King James version was authorized, is still in the family of Thomas, but contains no early records. The parents BIOGRAPHICAL AND GENEALOGICAL - 467 also wrote, " We have sent over thy Brother William and sister Mary ; thy Brother Winn' is come over free, and has brought his clearence along with him, and as to thy sister Mary, she is come on the Charges of John Holand, and he is to give her 50s. by the year, and she is to serve him 4 yeares, but she is not bound to him." John Holland appears to have arrived in 1714, and these probably came with him. Mary married William Taylor, of Caln, early in 1715. After this the parents came to this country with other children. Henry Atherton, second son of Henry Atherton, late of Whiteland, deceased, and Susanna Garrett, daughter of Thomas, of %Willistown, deceased, were married 8, 14, 1731, at Goshen Meeting, his mother and two brothers being present. Thomas Atherton, another son, was married 9, 4, 1741, at Nantmel Meeting, to Abigail Marsh, and about 1763 went to York County. Henry and Susanna had children,-Henry, b. 10, 10, 1732 ; William, b. 9, 14, 1734 ; Caleb, b. 12, 12, 1736. William, Sr., was probably the husband of Rebecca, daughter of Thomas and Ruth Buffington. BABB, THOMAS, married Bathsheba Hussey, daughter of John Hussey, near New Castle, prior to 1700, and lived in Brandywine Hundred. In 1713 his wife died, leaving several children, and he married again, 3, 25, 1720, Elizabeth (Conway) Booth, a widow, of Middletown township. Thomas Babb, r., married Sarah -, about 1729, and removed to Virginia. Peter Babb, son of Thomas, settled in West Caln ahout 1725, and married, 11, 22, 1728, Mary Lewis, daughter of Evan and Ann, of that township. His sister Lydia married John Morgan, of Caln, 10, 17, 1735. Peter Babb had several children, of whom Bathsheba married Jeremiah Piersol and Benjamin Trego ; Elizabeth married a Bishop, and Samson married Ann Way, daughter of John and Ann Way, of Kennet. Other children were John, Thomas, Content, Peter, and Susanna. Samson Babb was disowned by Friends in 1767 for " keeping and using a fiddle," etc. On the removal of the county-seat to West Chester he became a tavern-keeper there for some years, subsequently removing to the interior of the State. He was the father of Samson Babb, at one time sheriff of the county ; of John Babb, the proprietor of the " Black Bear" tavern in West Chester, and others. BAILY, JOEL, is supposed to have come from Wiltshire, England. Among the purchasers of land in Pennsylvania was Daniel Baily, of Westbrook, in the parish of Bromham, Wiltshire, weaver, who in 1681 bought 125 acres, which was subsequently located in Birmingham township. He did not come over, but Joel Baily, doubtless a relative, appears to have been concerned in the sale of the land to William Radley in 1713. The first mention of Joel Baily is at a court held in September, 1685, when he sues Thomas Withers for wages, and also for assault and battery. One Elizabeth Baily was married in that year to Jeremiah Cloud, and in 1687 Joel Baily married Ann Short. At the first court held for Chester County the Swedish priest was complained of for marrying George Thompson to one Miriam Short, contrary to the laws of the province. Aaron Coppock married in 1704 Miriam White, a widow in 1713 they join with Joel Baily and wife in selling land, and Coppock in his will, 1726, mentions his son-in-law, Ralph Thomson. After his marriage Joel Baily resided on this land, which was partly in Middletown and partly in Aston, but in 1704-5 he removed to Marlborough, settling first in the eastern part of what is now East Marlborough, and later in West Marlborough, where he died in 1732. The children of Joel and Ann Baily were,-1. Mary, b. 9, 10, 1688 ; d. 1741 ; m. Alexander Stewart and George Harlan. 2. Ann, b. 10, 10, 1691 ; d. 8, 12, 1774 ; m. Jeremiah Cloud. 3. Daniel, b. 10, 3, 1693 ; d. about 1783 ; m. Olive Harry, 1720. 4. Isaac, b. 10, 24, 1695 ; d. 1732 ; m. 1, 1, 1727-8, Abigail (Johnson) Wickersham. 5. Joel, b. 12, 17, 1697 ; d. about 1775 ; m. 8, 28, 1724, Betty Caldwell. 6. John, m. 3, 29, 1729, Lydia Pusey, and again, 4, 8, 1732, Mary Marsh. 7. Thomas, m. to Sarah Bentley, daughter of John and Mary Bentley, of Newlin. 8. Josiah, m. 3, 9, 1731, to Sarah Marsh, and settled at the homestead. The children of Daniel and Olive Baily were William, Ann (m. Joshua Peirce), Elizabeth, Daniel, Lydia, Olive, Caleb, Nathan, Ruth (m. to Joshua Edwards). Of these, William had a son Levi, born 6, 20, 1750, whom we suppose to have been the father of Jeremiah Baily, the inventor of the mowing-machine. The children of Isaac and Abigail Baily were Isaac and Joel, the first of whom was the grandfather of Isaac H. and Jesse Baily, near Marlborough Meeting, and of Isaac S. Baily, now living in West Chester, in his eighty-seventh year. Joel, son of Isaac, married 11, 14, 1759, Lydia Pusey, and settled on the Street road where his grandsons, John and George T., reside, it being the former residence of John Smith, at which Londongrove Meeting was first held. The children of Joel and Betty (Caldwell) Baily were Betty, Hannah, Ann, Joel, b. 12, 16, 1732, d. 10, 29, 1797 ; Ruth, Mary, Phebe, Isaac, and Joshua. Joel (3) married, 10, 11, 1759, Elizabeth Marshall, of West Bradford, who was the mother of his children. He married, 7, 4, 1776, Margaret Evans, widow, and 11, 28, 1793, Mary Woodward, also a widow. He was a person of scientific attainments, and assisted in observing the transit of Venus in 1769. John Bally, by his first wife, Lydia Pusey, had one son, John, and by the second, Mary Marsh, had Susanna, William, Betty, Ann, Hannah, Mary, Sarah, Elisha, the latter being the father of Dr. Obed Baily, now of West Chester. Thomas and Sarah (Bentley) Baily had eight children,-Isaac, Mary (m. Caleb Hayes), John (m. Hannah Pennock), Thomas, Jemima, Ann, Hannah, and Sarah. John Baily and Hannah Pennock were married 5, 8, 1766, and had eleven children,-Alice, Sarah, Joseph, Moses, Jacob, Thomas, Israel, John, Mary, Hannah, and Ann. Moses, b. 5, 19, 1773 ; d. 8, 16, 1858 ; m. 10, 21, 1807, Judith Barnard, and left one son, Richard B. Baily, now of West Bradford. Jacob Baily, b. 7, 29, 1775 ; d. 4, 26, 1854 ; m. Elizabeth, daughter of John Parker, of Parkerville, and settled in that vicinity. Their children were Abraham, Ephraim, John P., Mary W., Hannah, Joseph, Susanna, Sarah, Ann, Elizabeth, Jacob, and Eleanor. 468 - HISTORY OF CHESTER COUNTY, PENNSYLVANIA. ABRAHAM BAILY, the oldest child of Jacob and Elizabeth Baily, was born at Parkerville, Chester Co., Pa., 9, 12, 1801. During his minority he was apprenticed to his uncle, John Parker, of the same place, as a stone-mason. He continued to work at his trade for several years, and in 1833-34 was employed by the Reading Railroad Company in the building of its bridges and culverts, when that road was first laid out. In connection with Chalkley Jefferis and Mr. Ingram, of West Chester, he constructed the U. S. Naval Asylum at Norfolk,' Va., and was one of the superintendents of the foundation-work of Girard College. By hard toil and business perseverance he acquired a competency, and settled down in the meridian of his days upon the old homestead farm, where he died (unmarried) 7, 5, 1873. EPHRAIM BAILY, second child of Jacob and Elizabeth, was born 5, 4, 1803. He was engaged in stove-manufacturing and the tinsmith business, and had extensive shops at Parkerville during the latter years of his life. He married Sibilla Way, and resided in the stone house now or lately occupied by Bernard Hawley, at Parkerville. He died 6, 21, 1837. HON. JOHN P. BAILY, son of Jacob and Elizabeth, was born 1, 17, 1805. He attended the common pay-school of his neighborhood and assisted on his father's farm until he was sixteen years of age, when he was apprenticed to the saddler's trade. This did not suit his taste, and at the end of a year he gave it up. He again resumed his studies, teaching school at intervals, and ending his academic education with Samuel Gummere, at Burlington, N. J. His taste was mathematical. While engaged in teaching a select school in West Philadelphia in 1826, he was selected, with John Edgar Thomson and other young men, to assist Maj. John Wilson, of the United States Topographical Corps, to locate and construct a railroad from Philadelphia to Columbia, but before it was completed he was appointed by the Mine Hill and Schuylkill Haven Railroad Company to locate and construct their coal road in Schuylkill County, remaining in their service until it was completed. He was then appointed to locate and construct a railroad from West Chester to intersect the Columbia Railroad at a point near Paoli, which he did satisfactorily. He was then appointed as a civil engineer in the United States Topographical Corps, and performed important service in the Western country in the location of a national road from Toledo (Ohio) to the Mississippi River, and the survey of the Cumberland River in Kentucky and Tennessee. In 1836 he was appointed by the Pennsylvania State Legislature as chief engineer of the public works, which he held until the law creating the office was repealed. He was subsequently appointed, and for a year or so served as chief engineer to the Fredericksburg and Richmond Railroad, in Virginia. In the winter of 1840 he commenced to read law with Henry S. Van Amringe, of Pittsburgh, formerly of the West Chester bar. After his admission to the bar Mr. Baily removed to West Chester, where he opened a law-office in 1843. In the winter of 1858 he was appointed by Governor Packer as associate judge of Chester County, vice Judge Strickland, resigned. When the Rebellion broke out he, with many other Democrats, became a supporter of the Administration in the prosecution of the war. At the next vacancy of associate judge he was nominated and elected by the Republican party to that position, and was re-elected the following term,—ten successive years of incumbency. He subsequently visited Europe, and made a trip across the continent by the Pacific Railroad. Soon after he took up his residence at his native place, Parkerville, with his brother Abram. He died at the residence of Isaac B. Webb, in Pennsbury, on 12, 13, 1874, in the seventieth year of his age. . JOSEPH BAILY, son of Jacob and Elizabeth (Parker) Baily, and a descendant of Joel Baily, was born in Pennsbury township, near the Brandywine battle-ground, March 18, 1810. He worked on his father's farm until he was sixteen years of age, when he was bound apprentice to the hatting business. At the expiration of his term of service he spent a year at the boarding-school of John Gummere, in Burlington, N. J., paying for his own schooling. His funds being then exhausted, in the spring of 1832, instead of going home to live on the bounty of others, he packed up a small bundle of clothing and started out to seek his fortune among strangers. He soon obtained work at his trade near Plainfield, N. J., and there earned the first money he could lawfully call his own. After traveling over the country and working at many places, he finally started a shop of his own in his native village of Parkerville. Urged on by the force of an indomitable will, he pursued his business successfully for a number of years, when, in the fall of 1839, he was elected a member of the House of Representatives of Pennsylvania from Chester County, and in 1842 was elected to the Senate from the district embracing Chester, Delaware, and Montgomery Counties. His colleagues from the district were Dr. Huddleson, of' Delaware, and Abraham Brower, of Montgomery. At the expiration of his senatorial term, in the spring of 1845, he purchased a blast-furnace, with a large tract of land attached, on the Juniata, in Perry County.. He moved thither, and was soon engaged in the manufacture of iron. He pursued this business with great diligence and success for a number of years, when, in 1859, he was again elected to the Senate from Perry and Cumberland Counties. After the expiration of his second term in the Senate he was elected State treasurer by the Legislature, and in 1860 was chosen to represent the Fifteenth District, composed of the counties of Perry, Cumberland, and York, in the United States Congress, to which he was re-elected in 1862. Up to this time Mr. Baily had acted with the Democratic party, and as soon as Congress assemhled in 1861 he urged his Democratic colleagues, who had been left in a hopeless minority after the Southern members had treacherously abandoned their posts, to take a determined and bold stand in enacting prompt measures to crush out the Rebellion. Guided by his own better judgment, he cordially joined the noble band of patriots who rose up in defense of the country, and that most important act of Congress, the adoption of the thirteenth amendment to the Constitution, declaring slavery to be forever abolished and releasing more than four millions of people from bondage, received his active and cordial support.. At the expiration of his sec- BIOGRAPHICAL AND GENEALOGICAL - 469 and term in Congress, on the 4th of March, 1865, he again retired to private life, but in 1872 he was elected one of the delegates to represent the counties of Perry, Snyder, Northumberland, and Union in a convention to amend the State constitution. Mr. Baily has now passed the term of threescore and ten years, yet he still takes a lively interest in everything caleulated to promote the welfare and happiness of his fellow-men. SARAH BAILY, eighth child of Jacob and Elizabeth, was born 2, 22, 1814. Entered Westtown Boarding-School 9th mo., 1832, and on 12, 15, 1834, became a teacher in the primary department of that institution. Her natural ability and scholarly accomplishments were such that she soon became the principal mathematical teacher of its female department, and " Teacher Sarah," as she was familiarly called, will be remembered by many. She labored in that seminary for a period of thirty-five years, retiring 10, 1, 1869. JACOB BAILY, eleventh child of Jacob and Elizabeth, was born 3, 12, 1819. In early life he was apprenticed to Isaac Morris, of Philadelphia, to learn the foundry and machine business. He subsequently established for himself a large foundry near Broad and Callowhill Streets, in that city. He had extensive contracts for iron fronts, and at one time did much work for Baldwin & Co., locomotive-builders. The east-iron fronts in the Everhart stores, borough of West Chester, were made at his foundry in Philadelphia. By dint of business energy and correct habits he accumulated quite an estate. He died, unmarried, 1, 10, 1871. DR. ABRAHAM BAILY, son of Joel and Elizabeth (Marshall) Baily, was born in West Bradford township, Chester Co., about one and a half miles south of Marshallton, Sept. 5, 1760. He received an English and classical education from teachers employed in the family. He studied medicine under Dr. Nicholas Way, of Wilmington, Del., and was a fellow-student with his cousin, Dr. Moses Marshall. While a student he had an opportunity of becoming practically familiar with surgery immediately after the disastrous battle of Brandywine, in 1777. He attended lectures at the medical school of Philadelphia, but took no degree Shortly after leaving lectures Dr. Baily went as surgeon in a privateer vessel-of-war, and during the cruise visited France. On his return he engaged in the practice of medicine at his native place, until about the year 1789, when, in company with Humphrey Hill and Cadwallader Evans (under the firm-name of Baily, Hill & Evans), he engaged in the iron business. They rented the Andover Works, in Sussex County, N. J., where they continued five or six years, but the enterprise resulted unfortunately. While in Jersey he was chosen captain of a troop of horse, and in 1794 marched with his troop over the Alleghany Mountains in the expedition to quell the so-called Whisky Rebellion. Soon after this he returned to Chester County and resumed the practice of medicine, until the year 1800, when he opened a store in Marshallton and continued a limited medical practice for a number of years. While the seat of government was at Lancaster he was elected a member of the House of Rep- resentatives, and after its removal to Harrisburg he was elected to the Senate. Some time after his term in the Senate he was appointed a justice of the peace, which, appointment he held until his death. Dr. Baily was twice married. His first wife was Phebe Carpenter, and his second marriage, Oct. 22, 1802, to Rachel Carpenter, both daughters of John and Hannah Carpenter, of West Bradford. By his first wife he had six children, and four by his second. Eliza A. Baily, the eldest child by his second wife, married Jonathan Gause ; Margaretta (now Harlan), the second daughter by the second wife, married Joel Harlan, of Newlin township. When Gen. Lafayette visited the Brandywine battleground and West Chester, July 26, 1825, Dr. Baily was one of the committee appointed to escort him, and being on horseback nearly all day, occasioned an irritation of the neck of the bladder, which produced a painful and obstinate retention of urine and inflammation of the parts, that resulted in his death, Aug. 13, 1825, at the age of nearly sixty-five years. Dr. Baily was a respectable physician, an upright magistrate, an enlightened public-spirited citizen, and an honest man. BAIRD, DR. ABSALOM, is said to have been the son of John Baird, an English officer in Braddock's army, who married, in Philadelphia, Catharine McLean (or McClean), and lost his life at Grant's Fort, near Pittsburgh, after Braddock's defeat. His widow, who is supposed to have had relatives in that neighborhood, made her home near Kennet Square, and (it is believed) supported herself by teaching school while her son grew up and studied medicine. Absalom married Susan, daughter of George Brown, of Kennet, and several children were born to them at that place. After the Revolution, during which he served as a physician, he removed to and settled in Washington, Pa., where he died. On one occasion Dr. Baird fell into the hands of Indians, who were about to take his life, but he, suspecting that one of them was a white man in disguise, made the Masonic sign, which was recognized, and he was spared. Among the descendants of Dr. Baird were Rev. Alex. Reed, of Parkesburg, and Dr. Thomas B. Reed, of Philadelphia. BAKER, JOHN, of Edgmond, in Shropshire, England, came to Philadelphia and died soon after, in the year 1685, leaving four daughters,—Rebecca, Mary, Dorothy, and Sarah. The records of Chester Monthly Meeting show that a Mary Baker married William Coebourne in 1686 ; a Dorothy Baker married Philip Yarnall in 1694; and a Sarah Baker married Charles Whitacre in 1687. JOSEPH BAKER, a brother of John, settled in Edgmont township, and probably gave it the name in memory of his former home. He was an influential citizen and member of Assembly ; died 1716. The name of his wife was Mary, and his children were Joseph, m. Mary Worrilow, 3, 18, 1709 ; Robert, m. Susanna Packer ; John, b. 1686, who inherited his father's lands in Edgmont ; Sarah, m. Thomas Smedley, 1710. Joseph Baker, Jr., settled in Thornbury, at the present site of Glen Mills Station, where he died early in 1717, leaving two daughters, and a son, Joseph, was born after his 470 - HISTORY OF CHESTER COUNTY, PENNSYLVANIA. death. The widow married Dr. John Taylor, who became the owner of the Baker farm. Of the daughters, Sarah married Isaac Strode, and Hannah married Joseph Talbot. Joseph Baker (3d) married, 2, 30, 1740, at Concord Meeting, Mary Chamberlin, daughter of John and Lettice, of Aston, and settled in Goshen, where he died a few years later. His children were John, who went to Prince Edward Island ; Lettice, m. Richard Barnard ; Mary, unmarried ; and Elizabeth, in. Thomas Brown. The widow married Andrew McCoy. JOSEPH BAKER, of Edgmont, perhaps a nephew of the first-mentioned Joseph, married Martha Woodward, daughter of Richard and Jane Woodward, of Middletown. He died about 1735. His children were,-1. Mary, b. Jan. 26, 1699 ; m. Francis Yarnall. 2. Richard, b. April 21, 1700. 3. Aaron, b. Dec. 2, 1701 ; m. Mary Edwards. 4. Anne, b. Aug. 18, 1703 ; m. James Sill. 5. Susanna, b. Feb. 18, 1705. 6. Jane, b. Dec. 7, 1706 ; in. Thomas Thomas. 7. Jesse, b. March 19, 1709 ; m. Ann Regester. 8. Sarah, h. March 18, 1711. 9. Joseph, b. Feb. 5, 1713 ; d. 1736, unmarried. 10. Rachel, b. Feb. 5, 1715. 11. Nehemiah, b. Nov. 19, 1716 ; m. Lydia Regester. 12. John, b. Jan. 26, 1719. Aaron and Mary Baker settled in West Marlborough soon after their marriage, which took place 9, 23, 1727, but towards the close of life removed to Londongrove township, where he died about 1783. They had seven children,-1. Mary, m. Thomas Carrington ; 2. Martha, m. Joshua Clayton ; 3. Esther, m. William Chalfant ; 4. Aaron, m. 5, 30, 1759, Sarah Hayes, daughter of James and Mary, of East Fallowfield ; 5. Samuel, who married and lived in West Marlborough ; 6. John, m. 6, 24, 1767, Hannah Pennock ; 7. Joshua, died single. The children of Aaron and Sarah (Hayes) Baker were Hannah, who married Philip Ottey and William Brogan, and had fourteen children ; James, b. 1, 13, 1762, m. Sarah Pennock ; Elisha, m. Ruth Pyle ; Nathan, m. Rachel Chalfant ; Aaron, m. Hannah Harlan ; Levi, m. Ann Pyle and Ann McNeil ; Joshua, m. Nellie Curry ; John, m. Mary McNeil, died 1812, leaving three children, of whom Aaron is living in West Marlborough, on land purchased by his grandfather in 1770 ; Rachel, m. Jeffrey Bentley ; Mary, m. Jesse Miller ; Sarah, m. Thomas Wiley. Samuel Baker, son of Aaron, Sr., had seven children,-Joseph, Joshua, Ruth, Mary, Hannah, Martha, and Esther. Joseph had sons,-Richard, Samuel, and Elijah. The widow of Richard owns and occupies the residence of his grandfather. Aaron Baker, b. 8, 14, 1767, d. 8th month, 1853; m. 2,10, 1790, Hannah Harlan, daughter of Michael and Susanna, and had ten children, viz. : Lewis, b. 11, 26, 1790 ; Reuben, b. 7, 11, 1792 ; Susanna, b. 12, 20, 1794 ; George, b. 11, 19, 1796 ; Jacob, b. 1, 13, 1799 ; Thomas, b. 4, 12, 1801 ; Samuel, b. 4, 20, 1803 ; Aaron, b. 10, 10, 1805 ; Hannah, b. 2, 10, 1808 ; Harlan, b. 4, 11, 1810. Of these only Thomas, Aaron, and Harlan are living. William Baker, at one time register of wills of this county, was the son of Levi, and grandson of Aaron and Sarah Baker. His son William is now deputy sheriff. James and Sarah (Pennock) Baker had children,-Hannah, Susanna, Lydia, Levi, Phebe, Nathaniel, Eliza, Aaron, Mary, James, Sarah Ann, and Mary Ann. BAKER, JOSHUA, was born Feb. 16, 1678, and married Margery Knight, of Bandon Bridge, in Ireland ; she was born July 15, 1690. They brought a certificate of membership from Friends of Waterford, Ireland, dated 2, 13, 1712, and probably lived a few years in Philadelphia. Some time prior to 1728 they settled in Christiana Hundred, New Castle County. Their children were,-1. Thomas, b. Oct. 18, 1708, followed a sea-faring life. 2. George, b. Jan. 3, 1709-10. 3. Joshua, b. July 18, 1711, m. 9, 5, 1740, Mary Hill, of Marlborough, and 3, 30, 1768, Alice Pennock, widow of William. 4. Susanna, b. Jan. 20, 1713; m. William Mc-Cool in 1737. 5. John, b. June 1, 1714. 6. Peter, b. March 17, 1716. 7. Mary, b. Jan. 12, 1717 ; m. - Dickey. 8. Sarah, b. Feb. 11, 1719 ; m. Benjamin Reynolds. 9. Richard, b. 3, 17, 1721 ; d. 11, 18, 1803. 10. Hannah, died young. 11. Robert, b. March 8, 1726-27 ; became a ship-builder in New York. 12. William, b. 6, 8, 1729. 13. Lydia, b. 6, 12, 1732 ; m. Samuel Grubb. Richard Baker married, 11, 7, 1754, Rachel Marshall, widow of Abraham, r., of West Bradford, daughter of George and Elizabeth Carter, and settled in West Bradford (now Pocopson) township. She was born in 1719, and died 9, 29, 1799. Richard was an active citizen, and for several years a magistrate. His children were,-1. George, b. 7, 24, 1755 ; d. 10, 6, 1793 ; m. Hannah Harris in Ireland. 2. Rachel, b. 7, 16, 1757 ; d. 5, 17, 1759. 3. Rachel, b. 11, 23, 1759 ; d. 3, 24, 1843 ; m. Richard Buffington. 4. Thomas, b. 12, 18, 1762 ; m. 4, 7, 1785, Sarah Woodward. 5. Richard, b. 8, 21, 1765 ; d. 4, 14, 1814 ; m. 6, 19, 1794, Rebecca Webb, daughter of Stephen and Hannah, of Pennsbury, b. 9, 14, 1772, d. 4, 16, 1859. The children of Richard and Rebecca were,-1. William W., a physician, b. 6, 7, 1795 ; d. 7, 31, 1838. 2. Hannah, b. 3, 1, 1797 ; m. James J. Brindley. 3. Rachel, b. 6, 26, 1799 ; m. Lownes Taylor, of West Goshen, and is yet living. 4. Ann, b. 10, 26, 1801, living and unmarried. 5. Elizabeth, b. 3, 5, 1804 ; d. 11, 6, 1804. 6. Richard, b. 9, 7, 1805 ; d. 1824. 7. Rebecca, b. 12, 27, 1807 ; m. John S. Caldwell. 8. Elizabeth, b. 11, 18, 1810 ; m. Gen. Josiah Harlan ; d. 4, 17, 1874. 9. Stephen, b. 11, 18, 1810 ; m. Louisa Sharp, and lives on the homestead in Pocopson. 10. George K, b. 3, 31, 1813 ; m. Elizabeth Gordon, of Wilmington ; d. 1862. BEATON, DANIEL, and Mary Griffith were married April 6, 1744, at the First Presbyterian church, Philadelphia. He resided in Charlestown township, and was perhaps the father of John Beaton, one of the active Whigs of Revolutionary days. John was one of those who learned the art of making saltpetre, and gave instruction to others in order that a sufficiency might be obtained for making gunpowder. In April, 1780, he was appointed commissioner of purchases of clothing for the county of Chester, in place of Persifor Frazer, declined. In August of the same year he was appointed paymaster of the militia of Chester County, and in June, 1785, was appointed a justice of the Court of Common Pleas, and of the Orphans' Court of the county of Chester. BIOGRAPHICAL AND GENEALOGICAL - 471 BALDWIN, JOHN, was an early settler in Aston township, and by trade a carpenter. Afterwards he became a merchant in Chester, and acquired a considerable estate. He married, 4, 4, 1689, Catharine Turner, a widow, by whom he had children,-Ruth, b. 2, 6, 1694, and John, b. 4, 10, 1697. The latter was a saddler, and resided in Middletown for a time, but mostly at Chester. He married, 4, 11, 1719, Hannah Johnson, daughter of Joshua, and died in 1728, leaving two sons. His father died in 1731. John Baldwin, son of John and Hannah, was born at Chester, 12, 22, 1719 ; died in East Caln, 1787 ; married, 9, 9, 1743, Ann Peirce, daughter of Caleb and Ann, of Thornbury, who was born 11, 11, 1724, and died in 1788. John was a tin-plate worker, and about 1751 settled in East Caln, on land purchased by his grandfather in 1702. Joshua Baldwin, his brother, was born at Chester, 11, 13, 1721-2, and died in East Caln, 5, 13, 1800. He married, 4, 7, 1744, Sarah Downing, daughter of Thomas and Thomazine, of East Caln, who was born 8, 14, 1725, and died 7, 16, 1745; married (second), 9, 17, 1747, Mercy Brown, daughter of Samuel and Mercy, of Falls, Bucks Co., who was born 1, 12, 1722, and died 1, 22, 1784 ; married (third), 9, 14, 1785, at Nantmeal Meeting, Ann Milhous, widow of Robert, and daughter of John and Grace Meredith. Joshua settled on the western part of his grandfather's purchase in East Caln. John and Ann Baldwin's children were,-1. Mary, b. 6, 17, 1744 ; m. Jonathan Vernon. 2. John, b. 6, 2, 1748 ; d. 9, 9, 1748. 3. Caleb, b. 6, 31, 1749 ; d. 2, 11, 1826 ; m. 11, 24, 1774, to Charity Cope, daughter of Samuel and Deborah Cope, of East Bradford, b. 4, 8, 1754 ; d. 8, 29, 1840. 4. Ann, b. 6, 20, 1752 ; d. 4, 11, 1808 ; m. Aaron Martin. Joshua Baldwin's children were,-1. Sarah, b. 7, 16, 1745 ; m. Thomas Meteer. 2. Hannah, b. 11, 4, 1748 ; m. William Milhous. 3. John, b. 10, 11, 1751 ; d. 12, 26, 1758. 4. Samuel, b. 2, 13, 1754 ; d. 7, 14, 1837 ; m. 4, 28, 1779, to Mary Buchanan, widow of George, and daughter of Hugh and Ann Hilles. 5. Rachel, b. 7, 13, 1756; m. Nathan Sharpless. 6. Ann, h. 12, 13, 1758 ; m. Benjamin Maule. 7. Mercy, b. 1, 15, 1761 ; m. John Lloyd. 8. Jane, b. 3„22, 1763 ; m. Jacob Maule. Caleb and Charity Baldwin had four children,-1. Deborah, b. 11, 1, 1775; m. Samuel Jones. 2. John, b. 7, 13, 1778 ; d. 1867, unmarried. 3. Samuel, b. 6, 30, 1782 ; d. 12, 17, 1841, unmarried. 4. Jonathan C., b. 1, 30, 1792 ; d. 10, 20, 1874; m. 1822, Mary Ann Jacobs, daughter of Richard and Lydia (Gibbons) Jacobs, of East Bradford, b. 11, 17, 1803, and still living at the homestead in East Cain. Jonathan C. Baldwin inherited half of his father's lands, to which he made additions by purchase. He was much interested in horticulture, and for some time president of the Chester County Horticultural Society. His children were John Erskine, Hannah (dec'd), Caleb (owns the original homestead' in Caln), Deborah, Caroline (m. John Cope), Lydia J. (dec'd), Richard A. (dec'd), James Hanover (died near Vicksburg, Miss., from gunshot-wounds, 1863), Charity, Susan P. (dec'd), Jonathan C., Rebecca S. (m. T. P. Conard), henry C. (dec'd), Mary Ann. Samuel and Mary Baldwin had several children, of whom a daughter, Mercy, married Zebulon Thomas, of East Caln, and was the mother of Samuel B. Thomas, Esq., of the Chester County bar ; also of Mary B. Thomas and sisters, who conducted their well-known seminary at Downingtown. THOMAS BALDWIN, blacksmith, a brother of John, of Chester, was married in 1684 to Mary, widow of Richard Linvill, of the county of Sussex, England. He died in Chester in 1731. His children, so far as known, were,- 1. Joseph, m. in St. Paul's church, Feb. 6, 1712-3, to Elizabeth Mealis, and dying 1715, left one son, John. His widow m. Joseph Bond, and afterwards a Cranston. 2. Thomas. 3. William. 4. Anthony, m. first to Hannah Coebourne, and second to Margery Hannum, daughter of John and Margery, of Concord. 5. Mary. 6. Martha, m. to John Griest. 7. Elizabeth, m. to Richard Weaver. Anthony Baldwin settled in Newlin township, where he died about 1760, leaving a large family. his son, Thomas, married Lydia Johnson, b. 5, 4, 1742, daughter of Robert and Catharine (Hadley) Johnson, and had children,-Hadley, Thomas, Johnson, Caleb, Robert, Levi, Phebe, Catharine, Anne, and Lydia. Hadley Baldwin married, May 21, 1785, Abigail Cloud, daughter of Abner and Amy, and had fifteen children, nearly all now deceased. Thomas married Jane Clark, and had twelve children. Johnson had eight, Caleb three, Robert two, and Levi seven children. The descendants are too numerous to particularize. FRANCIS BALDWIN, a brother of John and Thomas, was also settled in the neighborhood of Chester as early as 1686. His wife was a daughter of Thomas Coehourne. His descendants are probably in the South and West. BALDWIN, WILLIAM, a minister among Friends, was born at Gisbourn, in Yorkshire, England, and came to this country from Lancashire, first on a visit, in 1709, and again for settlement, in 1713. He died at Bristol, Bucks Co., Pa., 6, 29, 1720, and in 1724 his widow, Mary Baldwin, became the wife of Ellis Lewis, of Kennet, Chester Co. With her came her son, John Baldwin, who married, 9, 13, 1734, Elizabeth Pusey, born 11, 14, 1716, daughter of William and Elizabeth Pusey, of Londongrove. He was born 1712, and died 10, 1, 1746, near Hockessin Meeting. His children were,--1. Mary, b. 6, 17, 1735 ; m. Thomas Harlan. 2. Lydia, b. 11, 30, 1736 ; m. Jonathan Valentine. 3. William, b. 9, 5, 1739 ; m. 10, 18, 1764, Mary Edge, and settled at Downingtown. 4. Samuel, b. 8, 1, 1741 ; d. 7, 6, 1745. 5. Thomas, b. 7, 27, 1743 ; m. 5, 13, 1771, Elizabeth Garretson, daughter of Eliakim Garretson, of New Castle County, and settled in Newlin township. 6. Hannah, b. 8, 6, 1745 ; died unmarried. John Baldwin, son of William and Mary, born 7, 5, 1765, died 6, 21, 1816, married 9, 19, 1793, Lydia Trimble, daughter of William and Grace, of Whiteland. They had several children, among whom was Thomas Baldwin, who, with his relative, Joseph Thomas, M.D., has edited a geographical dictionary, a pronouncing gazetteer, etc. Thomas and Elizabeth Baldwin, of Newlin, had children, -John, b. 11, 27, 1772 ; d. 2, 22, 1809, a minister. Lydia, b. 11, 15, 1774. William, b. 3, 29, 1778. Hannah, b 1, 9, 1781. Joseph, b. 10, 9, 1783. Sarah, b. 11, 13, 1787. 472 - HISTORY OF CHESTER COUNTY, PENNSYLVANIA. The following sketch of one of these children of Thomas and Elizabeth Baldwin is principally taken from " Religuae Baldwinianae," or selections from the correspondence of William Baldwin, M.D., edited by William Darlington, M.D.: and opened the way for an instructive and delightful correspondence with that eminent botanist. Dr. Baldwin's health was always frail. A predisposition to pulmonary consumption pervaded all his father's family, and finally swept away every member of it. In the autumn DR. WILLIAM BALDWIN. DR. WILLIAM BALDWIN, son of Thomas Baldwin, a respectable member of the Society of Friends, and an approved minister in that society, was born in Newlin township, this county, March 29, 1778. He received no other than the common English education afforded by the country schools of that day, but he evinced at an early age an eager desire for knowledge, and as one of the readiest modes of gratifying that desire became a teacher of a country school in the vicinity of his birthplace. After some time spent in that arduous vocation he turned his attention to the profession of medicine. He accordingly became the pupil of Dr. William A. Todd, then a popular practitioner of medicine in Downingtown, Pa. While a resident there he became acquainted with Dr. Moses Marshall,—who was a scholar and botanist, and had materially assisted his uncle, Humphry Marshall, both in the establishment of his botanical garden at Marshallton and in the preparation of his work on American forest-trees and shrubs,—which first awakened in young Baldwin a taste for the study of plants, and led him to become a sagacious and enthusiastic botanist. While waiting for the means to obtain a diploma he made a voyage to China as surgeon of a merchant-ship, and on his return received the degree of Doctor of Medicine. Being thus inaugurated in the profession, he soon after married and took up his residence in Wilmington, Del., where his researches in the vegetable kingdom attracted the notice of the Rev. Dr. Muhlenberg, of Lancaster, Pa., of 1811 the doctor was induced to seek a refuge from our Northern winters in the State of Georgia. During the war of 1812-15 he was appointed a surgeon in the United States navy, and was stationed chiefly at the seaports of Savannah and St. Mary's. All his leisure time was devoted to the exploration of the botany of that region and in contributing to the valuable " Southern Flora" of the accomplished Stephen Elliott. A genus of plantsbelongingg to the SouthernCompositaee was named Baldwinia by Mr. Nuttall,—" as a just tribute of respect for the talents and industry of William Baldwin, M.D., a gentleman whose botanical zeal and knowledge have rarely been excelled in America." His researches were industriously pushed in the wilderness among the Southern Indians, and extended into East Florida as far as St. Augustine. Dr. Baldwin's reputation as a botanist induced the government, in 1817, to appoint him to accompany the commissioners to Buenos Ayres and other South -American ports, to ascertain the condition and prospects of the Spanish colonists. He went as surgeon of the ship " Congress," and the prominent incidental object of his appointment was to investigate the vegetable productions of the places which might be visited. In the performance of this collateral duty, notwithstanding the feeble state of his health, he-was most assiduous and eminently successful. On his return from South America he was selected to accompany, as surgeon and botanist, Maj. Long's expedition up the Missouri River. His unflagging zeal impelled BIOGRAPHICAL AND GENEALOGICAL - 473 him to the enterprise, but his strength was utterly inadequate to the task. He died at Franklin, on the banks of the Missouri, far away from the bosom of his family, Sept. 1, 1819. Dr. F. Boott, the distinguished botanist of London, was so much interested in the fate of Dr. Baldwin that he kindly offered a liberal contribution towards causing an appropriate memorial to be placed at his grave. But, sad to relate, when inquiry was made, it was found that the Missouri River, with one of its wild floods, had torn up and washed away the entire burial-ground on its banks where the remains had been interred. If not swept into the Gulf of Mexico, the bed of the Missouri or a delta of the Mississippi may have become the depository of the bones of the lamented Chester County botanist. BANE, ALEXANDER, of Merion, purchased 200 acres in Goshen in 1711 and settled thereon. In 1713 he married Jane Moore, by whom he had children,-Jane, Mary, William, Catharine, Alexander, and Daniel. William married Margaret, daughter of Thomas Evans, about 1746, and had children,-Alexander, Thomas, Elizabeth (married Jonathan Hoopes), William, Jesse, Nathan, Abner, Jane, and James. MORDECAI BANE, probably a brother of Alexander, purchased, in 1716, 200 acres of land in Goshen, where he died about 1747, leaving a second wife, Mary,* and several children, viz. : Mordecai, Nathan, James, Joseph, Mary, Samuel, Isaac, Sarah, Hannah, Rachel, Barbara, and Jane. Nathan Bane, son of Mordecai, married, Dec. 27, 1735, Mary Cock, daughter of Henry and Mary Cock, of Long Island, born 8, 8, 1711. He died in Goshen, 1748, leaving eight children. Of these, Amy married Nathan Cope, 12, 7, 1758; Sarah married Thomas Hoopes, 4, 28, 1763 ; James married Ruth "Wain, 4, 25, 1765 ; Elizabeth married Daniel Hoopes, 11, 11, 1762; and Deborah married Samuel Rea, 4, 14, 1774. BARNARD , or B ERNARD.-This is one of the most ancient of surnames, being first taken from Roche-Bernard, an ancient fortified manor-house of Normandy ; it had been in use, however, as a baptismal name since the eighth century, and originally derived from northern mythology, signifying boldness; literally, bear's heart, from Bern, the bear, and the courage it implies. The French pronounce it Baer-nar, and the English broadly on the first syllable, as Bar el, just as they call Derby Darby, and Bertram Bart rm. The ancestor of the Chester and Delaware County family of this name was Richard Barnard (1), who served as a grand juror at Chester, A.D. 1686, and died previous to May 5, 1698. He owned land near Chester as early as 1683. Letters of administration on his estate were, on May 11, 1698, granted by William Markham in Philadelphia to the widow, Frances Barnard. There is a tradition among the descendants of this man that he came from Sheffield, Yorkshire, England, when a young man, and that he accompanied William Penn, but this is, as yet, unsupported by evidence. There is an English tradition that * Mordecai Bane and Naomi Medley were married at St. Paul's church, Chester, Dec. 20, 1705, and Mordecai Bane and Mary Teague at Christ church, Philadelphia, June 8, 1731. Perhaps these are the two marriages of the head of this family. - 60 - he left England about 1642. Attempts have been made to harmonize these traditions, and letters, now in the possession of a member of the family, from a gentleman of the same name in the Parliament of England who is a grandson of Sir Francis Bernard, colonial Governor of New Jersey and Massachusetts, declare that " Governor Penn was well known to our family. I have great reason to think that you may claim descent from Richard of Astwood, who in the troubled reign of Charles I. is supposed to have emigrated The family were well acquainted with Admiral Sir William Penn, the father of the celebrated Mr. Penn, the founder of the State of Pennsylvania, and if Richard had already emigrated he might easily have been attracted to the new settlement where a family friend presided. I am fully aware that some of our family settled in America, which might probably have induced my grandfather to seek that appointment." These letters were followed by a pedigree, commencing with Godfrey Bernard, A.D. 1240, and a photograph of the correspondent, which bears a resemblance to Simon Barnard, of Philadelphia, James Barnard, of West Marlborough, and some of the Barnards of an older generation. The late compilation of John Camden Hotten, entitled " Original Lists of Persons of Quality, Emigrants, Religious Exiles, &c.," published in. 1874, contains a ship's list in which the name of Richard Barnard, aged twenty-three, appears as having sailed Feb. 17, 1634, from London to Barbadoes in the ship " Hopewell," Capt. Thomas Wood. † It is now thought that this is the same individual. RICHARD BARNARD (1), the immigrant above alluded to, left seven children, namely, Richard (2), b. 1684 ; d. 1767 ; m Ann, daughter of Abiah Taylor, about 1715 ; settled near Doe Run, West Marlborough township, then known as " Hilltown," where he had previously purchased between 400 and 500 acres of the Simcock tract, some of which is still held by his descendants. He also purchased in 1726 about 200 acres in Newlin, part of the Nathaniel Newlin tract, also a tract adjoining in the township of East Marlborough, the same now in the occupancy of Charles Barnard, Milton Barnard, descendants, and James Gawthrop, John Huey, Courtland Michener, William Thorne, et al. He was the ancestor of all the Chester County branch of the Barnard family. THOMAS BARNARD, brother of the former (died at Chester, 1732), purchased his father's lands in Delaware County about A.D. 1712, married, first, Elizabeth Swain, of. Newark ; second, Sarah Carter, of Chester, and became the progenitor of the Delaware County branch, which is now extinct in the male line, the late Maj.-Gen. Isaac D. Barnard being of this line, of whom hereafter. The other children of the first settler were Sarah, m. Joseph Coburn ; Mary, m. Jacob Roman ; Lucy, m. Thomas Dutton ; Lydia, m. Daniel Walker ; Rebecca, m. Enoch Flower. Dr. Smith, in his " History of Delaware County," says that Richard the first was a Quaker, as all his children appear to have been. If this be correct, he must have be- † See also " Drake's Researches among the British Archlves," page 100. 474 - HISTORY OF CHESTER COUNTY, PENNSYLVANIA. come so after his settlement in this State, as George Fox did not begin to preach his doctrine until 1648, or several years after Richard Barnard had left England. However that may be, it is certain that most of his descendants have been Friends, one of the most noteworthy of whom was RICHARD BARNARD (3), son of Richard (2). He was born in 1723, and died in 1813. He married, first, Susanna Echoff; second, Lettice Baker. He was a model Quaker, and left large estates in land in East and West Marlborough, Newlin, Nottingham, and in Lancaster County, besides some in Delaware. During the Revolutionary war he suffered from pillage of both armies. His residence was then in the valley, just north of Marlborough Friends' meeting-house, in a stone house now belonging to John Huey. From " Book E" of his diary the following extracts are taken : "9 mo., 5, 1777.—The English army—the command of Gen. Howe came near me—took my mare from on Richard [Richard 4]. "9 mo., 7, 1777.—A company of the Americans at my house. Captain Henry Lee took my little wagon. "9 mo., 18, 1777.—Captain Lee at my house again. "2 mo., 29, 1777.—Joshua Lawrence came here with some armed men and took from me two wagon loads of hay, one wagon load of corn. I demanded them to show on what orders. Lawrence said he had none, but my name, and Isaac B.' (Baily ?). " 1779.—John Ingram & John Finley wagon masters brought seventy-two horses here and fed them seven days with good hay. "1780, 5 mo., 23.—At several places to take account of sufferings. At G. Passmore's, he said he would be willing to leave it to the judgment of indifferent men what is due to the negro woman that lived with him till she was between thirty and forty years old. " 5 mo., 5.—At a conference about slave holding. "5 mo., 15.—Committee about slaves. "Joseph Lucky and his assistants took from me 3 cows, all young milkers, value 13£. " 6 mo., 12.—John Crage et William Crage produced an order from John Hammond and took 2 steers intended for oxen, value 11£, and heifers valued at a moderate prlce at 11£ = 22£. "12 mo., 25, 1780.—Set off to Phila. William Hamilton & Joseph Luckey came to my house and took for taxes a horse worth 18£, 20 pounds tallow, a saddle dc bridle 1£ 1s., and wallet 2X, & 6s. "1781, 1 mo., 1.—William Hamilton, Peter Bell, & Joseph Luckey took from me 2 Hogsheads cider & Brass kettle. " 2 mo., 24.—Joseph Luckey took from me a steer 4 years old, 5£ 10 ; 2 Heifers 3 years old, 3£. "4 mo., 28.—Geo. McCorkle took from me a mare 201." Together with many other and longer lists of property taken to pay what he called " taxes for the support of war," against which he had conscientious scruples about paying. While this was going on he would be busy in works of benevolence and religion. Various anecdotes illustrative of the endeavors of this man to lead a Christian life according to the very letter of the Sermon on the Mount are told. The following is a condensed account of incidents which led to the establishment of the Friends' meeting-house and school at Marlborough, taken from Friends' Miscellany, published in Philadelphia, A.D. 1834, vol. v., page 369, entitled " Remarkable Anecdote" : " Some years ago a difference happened between Richard B. and a neighbor of his—a Friend ands younger man than himself—respecting their land line, or the use of a water-course. Many endeavors had been used to effect a satisfactory settlement, and they had several times referred the matter of difference to arbitrators, whose decision was uniformly in Richard's favor. But his neighbor still remained unsatisfled in his mind, and unfriendly in his disposition towards him. This gave Richard great uneasiness and distress, and all means had been used and exhausted in fruitless endeavors to restore harmony between them. It seemed to Richard that he must go and wash his neighbor's feet; he, however, revolted at the idea, but the impression that this cross was obligatory upon him became so overpowering that he finally, upon yielding obedience to what seemed like a command, burst into tears. Arising early in the morning and taklng two bottles, a bowl, and a towel, he filled the bottles with water and went to the house of the neighbor, who was not yet up; the neighbor was unfriendly in his reception, and refused. Richard told him that he was willing to do it for the sake of his friendship and good will, and taking hold of his foot began the operation. The neighbor at first resisted, but soon became calm and suffered Richard to wash both hls feet and wipe them wlth his towel. On his way home Richard filled his bottles with water from the disputed stream and preserved them as a memorial. The same day the neighbor himself restored the water-course, and in the afternoon brought his wife and made a social visit, and became and continued friendly to the end of his life. Afterwards, when Richard was accidentally hurt, this neighbor died, and thereupon Richard, lest he should ascribe undue merit to himself by keeping the memorial bottles of water longer, emptied them out." Previous to this, however, they had resolved on the establishment of a Friends' meeting-house and school on the line of their lands at Marlborough village, and had each contributed a sum of money and two acres of land for that purpose, and the meeting-house and school building, including a house for the teacher, still stand upon the four acres thus donated. Some of the collateral branches of this family went to Kentucky, Louisiana, and other Southern States. Jeremiah (1), a brother of Richard (3), was the ancestor of John Barnard Guest, the vice-president of the Fidelity Trust Company, Chestnut Street, Philadelphia, and Lydia, a sister, married John Mcllvain, of Ridley, and was the ancestress of the Mcllvains of West Philadelphia, and of Hon. Abram R. Mcllvain, formerly representative from Chester County in Congress. CYRUS BARNARD, Newlin, son of Richard (3), born 1776, died 1827, somewhat noted as an inventor. He obtained a patent for a mowing-machine as early as 1820, making the journey in his carriage. He was largely interested in the improvement of live stock, and was the first to import merino sheep into Chester County. RICHARD BARNARD (5), Doe Run, born 1789, died 1850, was one of the first Chester Countians to go to California in search of wealth, although in excellent circumstances in land and money. He took with him a considerable amount in cash, fell sick on shipboard, was robbed, and died when about landing on his return. He was a man of superior intelligence and great force of character. RICHARD M. BARNARD, Newlin, descended on the mother's side from the Merediths, born 1797, died 1854, was a pupil and relative of Enoch Lewis, and became distinguished as a mathematician, surveyor, and accountant. He was a man of urbane manners, clear head, and great force of character, and was much resorted to in disputed questions. He represented Chester County in the State Legislature, 1837-38. SIMON BARNARD, a brother of Richard M., born in Newlin, 1802, now living in Philadelphia. He was one of the original anti-slavery society, and, like his grandfather, Richard (3), took a conspicuous and active part, assisting the celebrated Thomas Garrett, of Wilmington, in the management of the Underground Railroad. He was a man of very considerable power and influence, positive, uncom-